Class 




Book- lllAi 



A COMPLETE 



DESCRIPTIVE AND STATISTICAL GAZETTEER 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 



CONTAINING A PARTICULAR DESCRIPTION OF THE 



STATES, TERRITORIES, COUNTIES, DISTRICTS, PARISHES, CITIES, TOWNS, AND 
VILLAGES MOUNTAINS, RIVERS, LAKES, CANALS, AND RAILROADS; 



WITH AN ABSTRACT OF THE 

CENSUS AND STATISTICS FOR 1840, 

EXHIBITING A COMPLETE 

VIEW OF THE AGRICULTURAL, COMMERCIAL, MANUFACTURING, AND LITERARY 
CONDITION AND RESOURCES OF THE COUNTR'Y. 



BY DANIEL "HAS K EL, A.M. 

Late President of the University of Vermont ; 

f ^ AND 

jfCALVIN SMITH, 

Guograpber, Author of a new Map of the United States, &c. 




NEW YORK: 
PUBLISHED BY SHERMAN & SMITH, 

1 • l'>-2 Broadway, corner of Cedur street. 



■Tiipj. 



Entered, 
According to Act of Congress, in the year 1843, by 
George E. Sherman and J. Calvin Smith, 
In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Southern District of New York. 



jT 



/. 



Stereotyped by 

R. C. VALENTINE, 

45 Gold Street, New York. 

HITCHCOCK & STAFFORD, 
Printers, New Haven, Ct. 



V 



V 



V \ , .» 



PREFACE. 



The present is eminently a proper time in which to prepare a Gazetteer of the 
United States. The progress of the country in population, in agriculture, in com- 
merce, in manufactures, and in education, has recently been ascertained with great 
labor and expense by the census, and it is important that this, and other continually 
accumulating information, should be widely diffused. All former gazetteers are 
rendered obsolete by the census, which has but recently become available, and by 
the rapid changes which the country is undergoing, particularly in its newer por- 
tions. 

The progress of the United States is unexampled in the history of the world. A 
little more than two hundred years since, the country was an unbroken forest, 
inhabited by a sparse population of savages, who camped on its streams or roamed 
through its woods, to obtain a precarious subsistence from fishing and the chase. 
No plough had furrowed the soil, no flocks and herds of domestic animals spread 
over its hills or grazed in its valleys, no fields of grain covered its fertile plains ; 
no roads connected distant parts of the country, no bridges spanned its rivers, no 
mills plied on its waterfalls. Its large rivers rolled in mighty volume to the ocean, 
but they bore on their surface nothing but the clumsy raft and the frail canoe of the 
Indian. But what a change has two centuries wrought ! The little bands of James- 
town and of Plymouth have become a mighty nation, whose commerce whitens 
every ocean and penetrates every sea, whose name is known and respected to the 
ends of the earth, and whose institutions and improvements attract the attention of 
the civilized world. Great have been the toil and privation and hardship which 
were necessary to fell this immensity of forest, to change the wilderness into culti- 
vated fields, to rear villages and cities, and to overspread the country with its various 
and noble works of improvement. But the pioneers of civilization were a body of 
men who shrunk not from labor and suffering, that they might perpetuate their prin- 
ciples, and rear a country which should constitute a noble legacy to their posterity. 

The following work is designed to exhibit the present condition of the United 
States ; — its progress in agriculture, in commerce, in manufactures, and in general im- 
provement. To do this, the best sources of information have been resorted to. The 
materials of American geography have been accumulating for a long course of 
years, by the labor and research of many gifted minds ; and he who should at- 
tempt to construct a gazetteer independently of the labors of his predecessors, would 
be chargeable with great folly. It would be a long and ostentatious catalogue to pre- 
sent the names of the authors who have been consulted in the preparation of the fol- 
lowing work. It is sufficient to say that the best works on American geography have 



4 

been consulted, and such use has been made of them as is consistent with the rights 
of others ; while much new and valuable information has been derived from a writ- 
ten correspondence, continued for several years, with intelligent gentlemen in various 
parts of the country, for whose communications a respectful acknowledgment is ten- 
dered. 

Hundreds of new counties, towns, and post-offices, are described in this work, 
which are not to be found in any preceding gazetteer. All the existing post-offices 
in the United States, at the date of this publication, will be here found, with their 
bearing and distance from the capital of the state in which they are located, and their 
distance from Washington. To effect this, the new post-office book was obligingly 
furnished by the Hon. Charles A. Wickliffe, Postmaster-General, as the sheets were 
issued from the press, which is greatly more complete and correct than the similar 
work previously in existence. Distances have been more correctly ascertained, and 
the whole brought down to the present time. The greatest source, however, from 
which this gazetteer has been enriched, is the recent census of the United States, 
and its very minute and valuable statistics: and an acknowledgment is due to 
the Hon. Daniel Webster, Secretary of State, for generously transmitting the vol- 
ume of the statistics, before it could have been otherwise obtained. The above work, 
in its present form, published by Congress, is voluminous and inconvenient to con- 
sult for general purposes, though exceedingly valuable as a public document ; and 
had the following work done nothing more than furnish an abstract of this, in a form 
suitable for general reference and use, it would have accomplished an important 
object. 

That great labor has been encountered in the preparation of this work, will be 
evident to all persons acquainted with such undertakings. It is not constructed 
upon the basis of any former work. Every article has been prepared expressly for 
this gazetteer ; and it will be found to have all the originality which can be reasonably 
expected. That in a work involving such an immense number of particulars no 
mistakes have occurred, it would be presumptuous to affirm ; though the utmost 
pains have been taken to avoid them. The United States census may have some 
errors ; it is, however, the nearest approximation to the truth, in regard to the whole 
country, which can be obtained for ten years to come. 

The authors commit their work to the public, in the confident expectation that 
the great amount of labor employed in compiling it will not have been spent in 
vain. 



EXPLANATION 



ABBREVIATIONS MADE USE OF IN THIS WORK. 



In the preparation of this work, in order to a great condensation of its matter, 
many ellipses and abbreviations have been necessary. It is presumed that every 
reader would prefer an accumulation of facts, to smoothness, and even regularity of 
periods. A little attention will render them familiar, and m most instances their 
import will suggest itself, without explanation. 



acad. 


Academy. 


N. H. 




New Hampshire. 


Ala. 


Alabama. 


N.J. 




New Jersey. 


Ark. 


Arkansas. 


N. Y. 




New York. 


bush. 


Bushels. 


0. 




Ohio. 


cap. 


Invested capital. 


Pa. 




Pennsylvania. 


C. H. 


Court house. 


par. 




Parish. 


CO. 


County. 


Pop. 




Population. 


Ct. 


Connecticut. 


p-t. 




Post township. 


Del. 


Delaware. 


p-v. 




Post village. 


Dist. 


District. 


p-b. 




Post borough. 


for. 


Foreign. 


ret. 




Retail. 


fac. 


Factory. 


R. I. 




Rhode Island. 


rior. 


Florida. 


sq. ms 




Square miles. 


Ga. 


Georgia. 


S. C. 




South Carolina. 


hund. 


Hundred. 


sch. 




Common school, or 


isl. 


Island. 






schools. 


la. 


Indiana. 


Te. or 


Tenn. 


Tennessee. 


111. 


Illinois. 


t. . 




Township. 


lo. 


Iowa. 


Va. 




Virginia. 


Ky. 


Kentucky. 


Vt. 




Vermont. 


La. 


liouisiana. 


Wis. 




Wisconsin. 


m. 

m. ms. 


Mill or mills. 
Mile, miles. 


W. 


\ 


Following a number, 
Washington City. 


manufac. 


Manufactures. 


yds. 




Yards. 


Me. 


Maine. 




' 


North, South, East, 


Ms. or Mass. 


Massachusetts. 






West, and so of 


Miss. 


Mississippi. 


N. S. E. 


w. 


other points of the 


Mo. 


Missouri. 






compass. 


mt. mts. 


Mountain, mountains. 








Md. 


Maryland. 


Where 


no date 


is attached to the pop- 


N. C. 


North Carolina. 


ulation, it 


is understood to be that of 1840. 




EXAI 


IPLE. 







AuBURN, p-v., capital of Cayuga co., N. Y., 154 w. Albany, 333 W. There are 59 
stores, cap. $341,447 ; 1 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac, 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 1 brewery, 
4 flouring m., 2 saw m., 3 furnaces, 4 printing offices. Cap. in manufac. $643,.550. 
1 college, 48 students, 2 acad. 250 students, 9 sch. 740 scholars. Pop. 5,626 : — 
Which should be read — 

Auburn, post village, capital of Cayuga county. New York, 154 miles west of Al- 
bany, 333 miles from Washington' City. There are 59 stores, with a capital invest- 



ed of $341,447 ; 1 woollen factory, 1 cotton factory, 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 1 brewery, 
4 flouring mills, 2 saw mills, 3 furnaces, 4 printing offices. Capital invested in 
manufactures, $643,550. 1 college, with 48 students, 2 academies, with 250 stu- 
dents, 9 common schools, with 740 scholars. Population, 5,626. 

In the Northern states, every county is divided into townships, generally from 4 
to 6 miles square, though their dimensions vary. In New England, the principal 
village takes the name of the township in which it is situated ; but in some parts of 
the township, a village occasionally has a different name from that of the township. 
In New York, the villages have frequently an incorporation distinct from that of the 
township in which they are situated, and the village is often more prominent than 
the township ; and in some instances, persons who know well the location of a pro- 
minent village, might not be able to name the township in which it is situated. The 
same is to a degree true in the states of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and In- 
diana. In the states south of Pennsylvania and of the Ohio river, and in Illinois, 
there is no such subdivision as townships ; as an incorporated district, and a collec- 
tion of houses, whether few or many, is called a town. In the following work, t. 
denotes a township, and v. a village, or collection of houses, whether few or many, 
whether with or without an incorporation. In South Carolina, districts answer to 
counties in other states, and in Louisiana, parishes. In Delaware, hundreds an- 
swer to towns. In those states where the division of townships does not obtain, the 
census was taken only by counties, and the statistics, therefore, will be found under 
the heads of the counties. 



GENERAL DESCRIPTION 



THE UNITED STATES 



The United States of America occupy the middle division of North America, and are bounded 
north by British and Russian America ; east by New Brunswick and the Atlantic ocean ; south 
by the Gulf of Mexico, Texas, and Mexico ; and w-est by the Pacific ocean. It lies between 
25° and 54° of north latitude, and between 66° 50' and 125° west longitude from Greenwich ; 
or between 9° 35' east, and 48° 20' west longitude from Washington. Its greatest length is 3,000 
miles, and its greatest breadth is 1,700 miles, containing about 2,300,000 square miles. It has a 
frontier Ime of about 10,000 miles ; a sea coast of 3,600 ; and a lake coast of 1,200 miles. It con- 
tains about one twentieth of the habitable land of the whole earth. The population in 1790 was 
3,929,328; in 1800, 5,309,758; in 1810, 7,239,903; in 1820, 9,638,166; in 1830, 12,856,165; in 1840, 
17,062,666; of which 2,487,113 were slaves. Employed in agriculture. 3,717,756; in commerce, 
117,575; in manufactures and trades, 791,545; navigatingthe ocean, 56,025; navigating rivers, lakes, 
canals, &c., 33,067 ; in mining, 15,203 ; learned professions, 65,236. 

The territory of the United States is divided into 26 states and three territories, each of which 
has a separate government, and the District of Columbia. The following is a list of the states, — 
which are divided into the northern or eastern, the middle, the southern, and the western, — 
their population in 1840, and their capitals. 

Northern, or Eastern States. — ilfaine, 501,793, Augusta; A'ew Ham/Js/iiVe, 284,574, Con- 
cord; Vermont, 292,948, Montpelier ; Massachusetts, 737,699, Boston; Rhode Island, 108,830, 
Newport and Providence ; Connecticut, 309,978, Hartford and New Haven. 

Middle States. — Neio York, 2,428,921, Albany; New Jersey, 373,306, Trenton; Pennsylva- 
nia, 1,724,033, Harrisburg ; Delaware, 78,085, Dover ; Maryland, 469,232, Annapolis. 

Southern States. — FiVg'inia, 1,239,797, Richmond ; North Carolina, 't&2,'iVi, Raleigh; South 
Carolina, 594,398, Columbia; Georgia, 691,392, Milledgeville ; Alabama, 590,756, Tuscaloosa; 
Mississippi, 375,651, Jackson ; Louisiana, 352,411, New Orleans. 

Western States. — Ohio, 1,519,467, Columbus ; Kentucky, 779,828, Frankfort ; Tennessee, 
829,210, Nashville ; Michigan, 212,267, Detroit; Indiana, &Qb,m&, Indianapolis; Elinois, 476,183, 
Springfield ; Missouri, 333,702, Jefferson City ; Arkansas, 97,574, Little Rock. 

Territories. — District of Columbia, 43,712, Washington ; Florida, 54,477, Tallahassee ; Wis- 
consin, 30,945, Madison; Iowa, 43,112, Iowa city. 

Washington, on the Potomac river, in the District of Columbia, is the capital of the United 
States, and became such in the year 1800. 

The country has every variety of surface and of soil. It has two principal, and anumber of les- 
ser ranges of mountains. Tlie two principal are the Allegliany and the Rocky mountains. The 
Alleghany mountains commence in the south, in Alabama, and run in a northeast direction, 
generally in a number of separate ridges, with a breadth of from 60 to 120 miles, and at a distance 
from the sea coast of from 250 to 80 miles, and terminate in the Cattskill mountains, on the 
west of Hudson river. The general height of the Alleghany range is about 2,000 or 3,000 feet 
above the level of the ocean, but not more than one half of this above the level of their base. The 
highest peak in this range is Black movuitain, in the west part of North Carolina, which is 6,476 
feet Round Top, the highest peak of the Catslall mountains, is 3,804 feet. 



8 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF 

Tlie Rocky mounlains may be regarded as a part of the great chain of the Cordilleras, and ex- 
tend from Mexico to 70° north latitude, running at an average distance of 600 miles from the 
Pacific, and with a general height of about 9,000 feet, though some peaks are much higher. Some 
have estimated them from 20 to 25,000 feet. 

ITie Green mountains commence near New Haven, in Connecticut, and run north through 
this state, Massachusetts, and Vermont, to Canada. Mansfield mountain, the highest peak, iu a 
town of the same name, in Vermont, is 4,280 feet high. 

The White mountains in New Hampsliire are very elevated, the highest peak, Mount Washing- 
ton, being 6,428 feet high. West of Lake Champlain, in the state of New York, are some high 
mountains, the highest peak of which. Mount Marcy, is 5,460 feet. 

The waters west of the Rocky mountains generally flow into the Pacific, though north of the 
United States, Unjigah, or Peace river, passes this great barrier, and enters the Northern ocean. 
The Mississippi, with its great tributaries, drains the country between the Rocky and Alleghany 
mountains, excepting a few of an inferior class, which flow into the great northern lakes. East 
of the AUeghanies, tlie rivers flow into the Atlantic ocean. A great portion of the vast valley of 
the Missis.sippi is level, or moderately uneven. The surface of the Eastern, or New England 
states, is hilly or mountainous. The Atlantic coast south of Long Island, to the distance gene- 
rally of 100 miles from the ocean, is a sandy plain, but little elevated above the level of the ocean. 
But back of this, the country is hilly, until it rises into mountains. 

The soil of New England, with the exception of the valley of the Connecticut river, is general- 
ly rocky and rough, though in some parts fertile, better adapted to grazing than to grain. The 
low country on the Atlantic coast, has a light and rather barren soil, excepting on the margins of 
the rivers ; but the hilly country back of this is fertile. The soil, generally, in the valley of the 
Mississippi, is fertile. But toward the Rocky mountains, the country is barren ; though the ex- 
tensive prairies are adapted to grazing, as is proved by the vast herds of buffaloes which have 
found a subsistence there. The soil west of the Rocky mountains is in some parts fertile, but gen- 
erally but moderately productive. 

Beef, pork, butter, and cheese are the principal productions of the Eastern states ; though grains 
of various kinds are raised for home consumption. Wheat is the staple of the Middle states. In the 
northern portion of the Southern states, wheat and tobacco are cliiefly cultivated ; and further 
south, cotton, rice, and sugar. Throughout the United States, Indian corn, an mdigcnous grain, is 
extensively cultivated, and forms a most important crop. — (For the Agricultural statistics, see 
the particular states.) 

Among the minerals, iron ore, coal, limestone, and salt are exceedingly abundant. The leaj 
region in Missouri, Plinois, Wisconsin, and Iowa, is probably the finest in the world. Gold is foun.l 
to a considerable e.xtent in Virginia, North Carolina, and Georgia; and marble and gypsum arc 
very extensive. 

Extending, as the United States does, through 20 degrees of latitude, differing greatly in differ- 
ent parts in the elevation of its surface, it must, of course, have a great variety of climate. In 
the northern part, it is subject to great extremes of heat and cold, but the climate is generally 
healthy. In the southern portion, along the Atlantic coast, and the Gulf of 3Iexico, the climate 
from July to November is unhealthy. The elevated portion of the country is generally healthy. 
The Western states, with the exception of some low and marshy portions, have a fine and salu- 
brious climate. 

There are many large and extensively navigable rivers, furnishing an immensity of water power 
for mills and manufactories, and great facilities for navigation and commerce. The following 
are the principal rivers which flow into the Atlantic, with about their length in miles : Penob- 
scot, 250 ; Kennebec, 200 ; Androscoggin, 170 ; Saco, 160 ; Merrimac, 200 ; Connecticut, 410 ; 
Hudson, 324 ; Delaware, 300 ; Susquehanna, 450 ; Potomac, 500 ; James, 500 ; Roanoke, 400 ; Cape 
Fear, 350 ; Pedee, 450 ; Santee, 450 ; Savannah, 500 ; Altamaha, 400 ; St. Johns, 300. The fol- 
lowing rivers flow into the Gulf of Mexico : Appalachicola, 500 ; Alabama, 600 ; Tombigbee, 
450 ; Mississippi, 3,000. The following are tributaries of the Mississippi : Red river, 1,500 , Ar- 
kansas, 2,150; White river, 1,200; Missouri, 3,180; Kansas, 1,100; Platte, 1,600; Osage, 500; 
Yellowstone, 1,100 ; Ohio, 1,350; Illinois, 500; Des Moines, 800 ; Tennessee, 900 ; Cmnberland, 
600; Wabash, 500. The following rivers are west of the Rocky mountains : Columbia, 1,500; 
Multnomah, 900 ; Lewis's, 900; Clarke's, 600. The above, include their remote sources. 

The two largest lakes which lie wholly in the United States are Michigan, 330 miles long and 
60 broad ; and Champlain, 120 miles long and 15 broad. But the great lakes Superior, 380 miles 
long, and 130 broad ; Huron, 240 by 150 ; Erie, 240 by 60 ; and Ontario, 190 by 55, are one half in 
the United States, the boundary passing through the middle of them. There are many smaller 
lakes, for an account of which, see the particular states. 

The Gulf of Mexico, on the south of the United States, is a large branch of the Atlantic ocean 
which receives the waters from the great Mississipjji valley The Chesapeake, Delaware, Massa 



THE UNITED STATES. 



chusetts, and Penobscot are the largest bays. The principal sounds are Long Island, Albemarle, 
and PamHco. The principal capes are Cape Ann, Cod, May, Henlopen, Cliarles, Henry, Hatteras, 
lookout. Fear, and Sable. 

Among the principal harbors, proceeding from north to south, are Portland, Portsmouth, Boston, 
JNewport, New London, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Norfolk, Charleston, Savannah, 3Io- 
bile, and New Orleans. 

The following are the most populous towns in the United States, with the number of inhabitants 
of each in 1840. New York, 312,710,- Philadelphia, 228,691 ; Baltimore, 102,313; New Orleans, 
102,193; Boston, 93,383; Cincuinati, 46,338; Brooklyn, 36,233; Albany, 33,721; Charleston, 
29,261; Washington, 23,364 ; Pro\'idence, 23,171 ; Louisville, 21,210; Pittsburg, 21,115; Lowell, 
20,796; Rochester, 20,191 ; Richmond, 20,153 ; Troy, 19,334; Buffalo, 18,213; Newark, 17,290; 
St. Louis, 16,459; Portland, 15,218; Salem, 15,082. 

The people of the United States are principally an agricultural people. The extent of their ter- 
ritory, and the fertility of the soil, contribute to tliis result. Their agricultural resom-ces are al- 
ready immense, and they are but partially developed : they are capable of becoming the granary 
of the world. The following agricultural statistics, derived from the census of 1840, show a pro- 
gress, remarkable as it is encouraging. 

There were in the United States in 1840, 4,335,669 horses and mules ; 14,971,586 neat cattle ; 
19,311,374 sheep; 26,301,293 swine; poultry to the value of 89,344,410. There were produced 
84,823,272 bushels of wheat; 4,161,504 of bariey ; 123,071,341 of oats ; 18.645,567 of rye ; 7,291,743 
ofbuckwheat; 377,531,875 of Indian corn ; 35,802,114 pounds of wool ; 1,238,502 of hops ; 628,303 of 
wax; 108,298,060 bush, of potatoes ; 10,248,108 tons of hay ; 95,251 of hemp and flax ; 219,163,319 
pounds of tobacco ; 80,841,422 of rice ; 790,479,275 of cotton; 61,552 of silk cocoons ; 155,100,809 
of sugar ; value of the products of the dairy, 833,787,008 ; of the orchard, §7,256,904 ; of lumber 
§12,943,507. There were made 124,734 gallons of wine. 

In its commerce this country is the second on the globe, being inferior only to Great Britain. In 
1340 the capital invested in foreign trade, by importing and commission merchants, was $119,295,367 : 
m domestic retail dry goods and other stores, 8250,301,799; in the fisheries, 816,429,620. The 
registered tonnage of the United Slates is 899,764; the enrolled and licensed, 1,176,694; fishing 
vessels, 104,304 ; total, 2,180,764. Of the registered and enrolled tonnage there were employed 
in the whale fishery, 136,926. 

The foUawing table exhibits the imports and exports of the several states and territories, for the year end- 

ing September ZOth, 1840. 



ST.iTES AND TERRITORIES. 



Maine, 

New Hampshire, 

Vennont, 

Massachusetts, 

Rhode Island, 

Cormocticut, 

New York, 

New Jersey, 

Pennsylvania, 

Delaware, . 

Maryland, . 

District of Columbia, 

Virginia, 

North Carolina, 

South Carolina, 

Georgia, 

Alabama, . 

Mississippi, 

Louisiana, 

Ohio, 

Kentucky, . 

Tennessee, 

l^Iichigan, 

Florida, 

l^Iissouri, 

Total, 



VALUE OF 
I.MFORTS. 



VALDE OF EXTORTS. 



Domestic Produce. 



In Amer. 
vessels. 



In foreign 
vessels. 



8628,762 

114,647 

404,617 

16.513,858 

274,534 

277.072 

60,440,750 

19,209 

8,464,882 

802 

4,910,746 

119.852 

545.085 

252,532 

2,058,870 

491,428 

574,651 

10,673,190 

4,915 

2,241 

28,938 

138,610 

190,728 

10.600 



8959,903 

19,676 

305,150 

5,504,441 

203,006 

518,066 

17,329,071 

14,833 

5,282,456 

37,001 

4,098,139 

643.950 

4,518,632 

343,981 

7,750,546 

3,979,912 

10,483,694 



850,00 
1,085 

763,717 

144 

5,347,538 

454,000 

1,396,831 

107,479 

251,305 

43,503 

2,230,470 

2,883,04 

2,371,000 



Total. 



27,182,807 5,815,252 
864,164 127,790 



162,229 
1,829,191 



21,518 



81,009,910 

29,761 

305,150 

6,268,158 

203,006 

518,210 

22,676,609 

14.8S3 

5,736,456 

37,001 

5,495,020 

751,429 

4,769,937 

387,484 

9,981,016 

6,862,959 

12,854,694 

32,998,059 
991,954 



162,229 
1,850,709 



Foreign 
produce. 



Total of do- 
mestic and 
foreign pro- 
duce. 



107,141,519192,030,898 21,864,736[ll3,895,634 18,190,312 132,085,946 



88,359 
218 

3,918,103 
3,933| 

1 1,587,471 ' 

1,193 

1,083,689 

273,748] 
2,4941 
8,283 

55,753 



1,238,877 



8,141 



81,018,269 

20,979 

305,150 

10,186.261 

206,989 

518,210 

34,264,080 

16,076 

6,820,145 

37,001 

5,768,768 

753,923 

4,778,220 

387,484 

10,036,769 

6,862,959 

12,854,694 

34,236,936 
991,954 



162,229 

1,858,850 



The total amount of the toimage of the United States for the year 1840, was 2,190,615 tons. 



10 



GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF 



The following table will show the amount of imports from, and exports to, each foreign country, durin" 

the year ending September 30th, 1840. " 



COUNTRIES. 



Russia, .... 

Prussia, .... 
Sweden and Norway, . 
Swedish West Indies, . 
Denmark, .... 
Danish West Indies, . 
Hanse Towns, 
Holland, . . . , 
Dutch East Indies, 
Dutch West Indies, 
Dutch Guiana, 
Belgium, .... 
England, .... 
Scotland, .... 
Ireland, .... 
Gibraltar, .... 

Malta, 

Mauritius, .... 
Cape of Good Hope, . 
British East Indies, 
British West Indies, . 
British Honduras, 
British Guiana, 
British American colonies, . 
Australia, .... 
British African ports, . 
France, .... 
French West Indies, . 
French Guiana, . 
Bourbon, .... 

Hayti, 

Spain, 

Teneriffe and other Canaries, 
Manilla and Fliilippine islands, 
Cuba, . . 

Other Spanish West Indies, 
Portugal, .... 
Madeira, .... 
Fayal and the other Azores, 
Cape de Verd islands, 
Italy, .... 

Sicily, 

Ionian islands, 

Greece, 

Trieste, .... 

Turkey, .... 

Morocco, .... 

Texas, .... 

Mexico, .... 

Venezuela, .... 

New Granada, 

Central America, 

Brazil, .... 

Argentine republic, 

Cisplatine republic, 

Chili, r . . . 

Peru, .... 

Republic of Ecuador, 
South America, generally, 
Cliina, • • . . 

Europe, generally, 
Asia, generally, 
Africa, generally, 
Arabia, .... 

West Indies, generally. 
South Seas, 
Sandwich Islands, 
Atlantic ocean, 
Northwest coast of America, 
Uncertain places, 

Total, 



VALUE OF 
IMPORTS. 



$2,572,427 

59,304 

1,217,913 

57,545 

7,501 

969,177 

2,521,493 

1,074,754 

817,897 

396,479 

37,766 

274,867 

33,114,133 

525,217 

98,349 

32,567 

28,471 

32,324 

1,952,461 

1,048,165 

158,353 

10,973 

2,007,767 

122,141 

17,572,876 
335,251 



1,252,824 

1,684,665 

150,522 

450,251 

9,835,477 

1,898,732 

222,884 

309,524 

38,138 

29,348 

1,157,200 

649,525 

43,027 

5,138 

373,365 

563,476 

62,138 

303,847 

4,175,001 

1,355,166 

217,382 

189,021 

4,927,296 

293,562 

494,402 

1,616,859 

438,495 

28,685 

6,640,829 

284,452 
372,537 



13,762 
16,293 



1,525 



VALUK OF EXPORTS. 



Domestic 
produce. 



$234,856 

43,353 

435,092 

98,710 

76,183 

918,931 

3,367,963 

3,345,264 

132,751 

259,438 

52,118 

1,834,229 

51,951,778 

2,022,636 

217,762 

643,344 

14,610 

8,319 

35,816 

280,404 

2,907,584 

132,095 

118,896 

5,889,215 

84,847 

18,919,327 
483,595 



945,365 

353,419 

11,816 

90,589 

5,331,471 

770,420 

97,341 

93,819 

10,471 

82,611 

1,189,838 

303,217 



1,590,356 
119,745 

937,072 

969,938 

554,267 

57,922 

130,661 

2,145,863 

280,144 

82,102 

1,372,254 



96,042 
469,186 

63,976 
170,734 
511,215 

376,715 
177,229 



Foreign 
produce. 



720 



107,141,519|113,895,634 18,190,312 132,085,946 



Total. 



$934,625 

43,115 

115,134 

3,610 

17,868 
180,518 
830,496 
511,046 
202,552 

42,916 

486,426 

5,096,88'. 

28,304 

257,110 

45,386 

153 

197 

351,791 

58,000 

58,371 

538 

204,035 

6,022 

2,922,227 

30,656 

100 

81,849 
8,874 

11,579 

30,927 
979,044 

29,208 
5,724 

22,858 

5,623 

2,809 

283,347 

33,923 



196,264 
156,873 

281,199 
1,545,403 

229,605 
77,329 
87,285 

360,711 
89,132 
67,628 

356,575 



28,291 
540,780 

138,092 
43,048 

2,514 
65,200 



540 



$1,169,481 

86,468 

550,226 

102,320 

94,051 

1,099,449 

4,198,459 

3,856,310 

335,303 

302,354 

52,118 

2,320,655 

57,048,660 

2,050,940 

217,762 

900,454 

59,996 

8,472 

36,013 

632,195 

2,965,584 

190,466 

119,434 

6,093,250 

90,869 

21,841,554 

514,251 

100 

1,027,214 

362,293 

23,395 

121,516 

6,310,515 

799,628 

103,065 

116,677 

16,094 

85,420 

1,473,185 

337,140 



1,786,620 
276,618 

1,218,271 

2,515,341 
783,872 
135,251 
217,946 

2,506,574 
369,276 
149,730 

1,728,829 



124,333 

1,009,966 

63,976 

308,826 

554,263 

379,229 
242,429 



1,260 



THE TTNITED STATES. 



11 



ThefoUoxmng table exhibits the value of the exports of the growth, produce and manufacture of the Uni- 
ted States, for the year ending September 30th, 1840. 



THE SEA. 




Fisheries — 




Dried fish, or cod fisheries, . 


$541,058 


Pickled fish, or river fisheries, 




(herring, shad, salmon, mackerel) 


179,106 


Whale and other fish oil, 


1,404,984 


Spermaceti oil. 


430,490 


Whalebone, .... 


310,379 


Spermaceti candles, 


332,353 


THE FOREST. 




Skins and furs. 


1,237,789 


Ginseng, .... 


22,728 


Products of wood — 




Staves, shingles, boards, hewn tim. 


1,801,049 


Other lumber, 


270,933 


Masts and spars, . 


29,049 


Oak bark and other dye, 


229,510 


All manufactures of wood, 


596,305 


Naval stores, tar, pitch, rosin and tur- 




pentine, .... 


602,529 


Ashes, pot and pearl, 


533,193 


AGRICULTURE. 




Product of animals — 




Beef, tallow, hides, horned cattle. 


623,373 


Butter and cheese, 


210,749 


Pork, (pickled,) bacon, lard, live 




hogs, 


1,894,894 


Horses and mules, 


246,320 


Sheep, ... 


30,698 


Vegetable food — 




Wheat, 


1,635,483 


Flour, 


10,143,615 


Indian corn, .... 


338,333 


Indian meal, .... 


705,183 


Rye meal, .... 


170,931 


Rye, oats, and other small grain, 




and pulse, .... 


113,393 


Biscuit, or shipbread, 


428,988 


Potatoes, .... 


54,524 


Apples, 


55,131 


Rice, 


1,942,076 


Tobacco, 


9,883,957 


Cotton, 


63,870,307 


All other agricultural products — 




Flaxseed, .... 


120,000 


Hops, 


11,235 


Brown sugar, .... 


45,940 


Indigo, 


209 


MANUFACTURES. 




Soap, and tallow candles. 


451,995 


Leather, boots and shoes, 


214,360 


Household furniture, 


295,844 


Coaches and other carriages, . 


74,416 


Hats, 


103,398 


Saddlery, .... 


59,517 



Wax, 

Spirits from grain, beer, ale and porter 

Snuff and tobacco. 

Lead, .... 

Linseed oil, and spirits of turpentine, 

Cordage, 

Iron, pig, bar and nails, 

Castings, 

All manufactures of 

Spirits from molasses, 

Sugar, refined 

Chocolate, 

Gunpowder, 

Copper and brass. 

Medicinal drugs. 

Cotton piece goods — 

Printed and colored, 

White, 

Nankeens, 

Twist, yam and thread, 

All other manufactures of 
Flax and hemp — 

Cloth and thread, 

Bags and all manufactures of 
Wearing apparel. 
Combs and buttons, 
Brushes, .... 
Billiard tables and apparatus. 
Umbrellas and parasols. 
Leather and morocco skins not sold 

per pound. 
Printing presses and type. 
Fire engines and apparatus, 
Musical instruments. 
Books and maps. 
Paper and stationery. 
Paints and varnish, . 
Vinegar, 

Earthen and stone ware, 
Manufactures of glass, 
Tin, .... 

Pewter and lead, 
Marble and stone, 
Gold and silver, and gold leaf, 
Gold and silver coin, 
Artificial flowers and jewelry, 
Molasses, .... 
Trunks, .... 
Brick and lime. 
Domestic salt, . 
Articles not enumerated — 

Manufactured, 
Other articles, 



59,685 

$128,330 

813,671 

39,687 

63,348 

43,510 

147,397 

115,664 

841,394 

283,707 

1,214,658 

2,048 

117,347 

86,954 

122,387 

398,977 

2,925,257 

1,200 

31,445 

192,728 

7,114 

1,128 

152,055 

40,299 

12,263 

2,471 

9,654 

19,557 
17,105 

6,317 
12,199 
29,632 
76,957 
34,631 

6,401 
10,959 
56,688 

7,501 
15,296 
35,794 

1,965 
2,235,073 

9,479 

9,775 

6,607 
16,949 
42,246 

403,496 
740,305 



113,895,634 



The manufactures of the United States, though inferior to its agriculture and its commerce, have 
recently received much attention, and have risen to great respectability. A large amount of cap- 
ital has been invested in them, and they not only supply a great resource for home consumption, 
but also, to a considerable extent already, for exportation. 

This great source of national wealth and prosperity has but recently begun to be developed. 
Duruig the colonial state, and even long after, there were few manufactures excepting those of the 
domestic and family kind. Before the revolution, it was the policy of the mother country to dis- 
courage colonial manufactures, and a distinguished statesman expressed the sentiment of the gov- 
ernment when he said, " that he would not suffer America to manufacture a hob-nail for herself, 
if he could prevent it." But the state of things is wonderfully altered now. 

Home-made or family goods were produced in 1840 to the amount of $29,023,380. 

The cotton manufactories were 1,240, with 2,284,631 spindles ; employed 72,119 persons ; produced 
articles to the value of $46,350,453 ; and had a capital employed of $51,102,359. The woollen 
manufactures employed 21,342 persons, produced goods to the amount of $20,696,999, and employed 



12 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF 

a capital of $15,765,124 ; and paper manufactures a capital of $4,745,239. Hats and caps were 
manufactured to the amount of $8,704,342 ; straw bonnets to the amount of $1,476,505 ; tanneries, 
&c. employed 26,018 persons, and a capital of $15,650,929 ; and saddleries and other leather manu- 
factories, a capital of $12,881,262 ; carriages and wagons employed 21,994 persons, and produced 
the value of $10,897,887, and employed a capital of $5,551,632 ; mills of various Idnds employed 
60,788 persons, produced to the amount of $76,545,246, and employed a capital of $65,858,470. 
Vessels were built to the amount of $7,016,094. Furniture was made to the amount of $7,555,405, 
by 18,003 persons, and a capital was employed of $6,989,971. There were 1,552 printing offices, 
447 binderies, 138 daily newspapers, 125 semi or tri-weekly, 1,141 weekly, 227 periodicals, the 
whole employing 11,523 persons, and a capital of $5,873,815. The capital employed in the manu- 
facture of iron, was $20,432,131 ; in glass manufactures, $2,084,100, which produced articles to the 
amount of $2,890,293. The anthracite coal employed a capital of $4,355,602 ; and the bituminous, 
of $1,868,862 ; the lead, a capital of $1,346,756. The total amount of capital employed in manu- 
factures of every kind, was $267,726,579. 

The revenue of the United States has arisen chiefly from customs on imports, and from the 
Sale of the public lands. The National Government has rarely resorted to direct taxation. By 
these means, the government was enabled, January 1st, 1837, not only to complete the payment 
of the public debt, contracted during two wars with Great Britain, but had, after reserving $5,000,000, 
a surplus of $37,468,859, which, agreeably to an act of Congress of June 23d, 1836, was mostly 
deposited with the States, according to the number of their electoral votes, liable to be recalled 
in case of necessity, but with little expectation probably that it would ever be called for. The 
great expense of the Indian war in Florida, and the diminution of the customs arising from the 
stagnation of trade, have caused the expenses of the government to exceed the income, so that a 
small debt has been contracted. 

The public lands have recently been a great source of revenue. These lands have been 
ceded to the United States by the new States, or have been derived from the purchase of 
Louisiana in 1803, and of Florida in 1819. These lands are considered as belonging to the native 
tribes of Indians who inhabit them, until the title has been regularly extinguished by pur- 
chase and by treaty. Wlien this has been done, they are surveyed and sold at a dollar 25 cents 
the acre, as the lowest price. The amount paid into the Treasury of the United States in 1839, 
arising from the sale of public lands, was $7,076,447. For the first three quarters of 1840, it was 
$2,630,217. By an act of Congress of 1841, it was ordered that the amount of these sales should 
hereafter be divided among the States. The revenue for 1840 was $28,234,512; and the ex- 
penditure for the civil, military, naval, and other expenses, was $26,643,656. The U. States have 
about 100,000,000 acres of public land surveyed and unsold, and vastly more which is not surveyed. 

The Mint of the United States is established at Philadelphia ; and recently, branches have 
been established at Charlotte, North Carolina ; Dahlonega, in Georgia ; and at New Orleans, 
Louisiana. The Mint and its branches received for coinage, gold found in the United States, 
from 1824 to 1840, to the amount of $6,373,025. The amount of gold, silver, and copper coins pro- 
duced at the Mint in Philadelphia, in 1840, was $2,260,667. 

The following table exhibits a general view of the regular army of the United States, according 
to the law of 1842, which consists of— 

Commissioned officers * . 712 

Eight regiments of Infantry, each composed of non-commissioned officers, musicians and 

privates, 510 4,080 

Four regiments of Artillery, each composed of non-commissioned officers, musicians, and 

privates, 660 2,640 

Two regiments of Dragoons, each composed of non-commissioned officers and privates, 660 1,320 

Cadets 260 

Total 9,012 

The following exhibits the reduction of officers and soldiers from the previous establishment : — 
1 Cora. General, 2 Surveyors, 10 Assistant Surgeons, 1 Inspector General, 6 Military Store- 
keepers, 3 Paymasters ... 23 

Privates reduced in Infantry .... 3,152 

» " Artillery .... . ..... 203 

«' " Dragi-oons • . 178 

Whole reduction ... 3,561 

TTie principal reliance of the country for defence is on the Militia of the several states, 
amounting in the whole, on the 21st November, 1841, according to the latest official returns, 
to 1,587,722, distributed among the several states as shown in the following table. 



THE UNITED STATES. 



13 



States and Territories. 


Date 

of 

return 


No. of 
militia. 


States and Territories. 


Date 

of 
return. 


No. of 
militia. 


Maine, .... 


1840 


46,338 


Alabama, 


1840 


44,332 


New Hampsliire, 


1839 


28,762 


Louisiana, 






1830 


14,803 


Massachusetts, 


1840 


90,857 


Mississippi, 






1838 


36,084 


Vermont, 


1840 


26,307 


Tennessee, 






1830 


73,991 


Rhode Island, 


1840 


4,491 


Kentucky, 






1840 


82,335 


Connecticut, 


1840 


43,176 


Ohio, 






18.36 


173,214 


New York, 


1840 


162,172 


Indiana, 






1833 


53,913 


New Jersey, 


1829 


39,171 


Illinois, 






1831 


27,336 


Pennsylvania, . 


1840 


257,178 


Missouri, 






1840 


34,856 


Delaware, 


1827 


9,229 


Arkansas, 






1825 


2,028 


Maryland, 


1839 


46,864 


Michigan, 






1831 


5,476 


Virginia, .... 


1840 


105,522 


Florida Ter. 






1831 


2,413 


North Carolina, 


1838 


65,218 


Wisconsin Ter. 






1840 


5,223 


South Carolina, 


1840 


48,817 


Iowa Ter. 






no rt'n 




Georgia, . . . 


1840 


57,312 


Dist. of Columbia, 






1832 


1,249 



1,587,722 



The navy of the United States, though not large in comparison with those of some other na- 
tions, is undoubtedly the most efficient in proportion to its size of any in the world. It con- 
sisted, in July 1841, of 11 ships of the line ; 15 frigates of the 1st class ; 2 frigates of the 2d 
class ; 21 sloops of war ; 4 brigs ; 8 schooners ; besides 2 steam frigates, and several smaller 
steam vessels. 

The United States have navy-yards at the following places : Portsmouth, Boston, New 
York, Philadelphia, Washington, Norfolk, and Pensacola. 

There were in the Navy, 30th September, 1841, 68 Captains ; 97 Commanders ; 328 Lieutenants; 
70 Surgeons ; 57 Assistant Surgeons and Passed Assistant Surgeons ; 63 Pursers ; 24 Chaplains ; 
103 Passed Midshipmen ; 370 Midshipmen ; 30 Masters. 

There were in December, 1840, 13,633 Post Offices. The revenue in 1840 was $4,539,265; 
and the expenditure was $4,759,111. 

The following are the rates of postage by mail. 

On a single letter composed of one piece of paper, for any distance not exceeding 30 miles, 6 cts. 
Over 30, and not exceeding 80, 10 ct. Over 80, and not exceeding 150, 125: cts. Over 150, and not 
exceeding 400, IBi cts. Over 400 miles, 25 cents. 

A letter composed of two pieces of paper, is charged with double these rates ; of three, with 
triple ; of four, with quadruple. One or more pieces of paper, mailed as a letter, and weigh- 
mg one ounce, shall be charged with quadj-uple postage ; and at the same rate, should the weight 
be greater. 

For each newspaper not carried out of the State in which it is published, 1 cent, or if carried over 
100 miles out of the State in which it is published, li cents. 

Magazines and pamphlets, if published periodically, and distance not exceeding 100 miles, 14 
certs per sheet; do. over 100 miles, 25 cents. If not puhlished periodically, and the distance 
not exceeding 100 mOes, 4 cents ; do. over 100 miles, 6 cents. 

Every printed pamphlet or magazine, which contains more than 24 pages on a royal sheet, or 
any sheet of less dimensions, shall be charged by the sheet ; and small pamphlets, printed on a 
half or quarter of a sheet, of royal or less size, shall be charged with half the amount of postage 
charged on a full sheet. 

The President of the United States, and the officers of the general government at Washing- 
ton, receive newspapers and letters free of postage. 

The members of both houses of Congress are not charged, excepting for a letter or package 
weighing over two ounces, when the excess is charged. Postmasters have also the privilege 
of receiving newspapers and letters free of postage under certain restrictions ; and printers of 
newspapers, receive newspapers without charge, with certain limitations. 

The constitution of the United States forbids the establishment of religion by law ; but every 
person, who does not interrupt the peace of society, is protected in the exercise of his religion. 
The voluntary principle, as it is sometimes called, has been found to be more efficient than any 
legal enactment for the support of religious institutions. 



14 



GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF 



The following table exhibits the numbers of the different religious denominations in 1840. 





Churches, 






Churches, 




Denominations. 


or congre- 


Ministers. 


Denominations. 


or congre- 


Ministers. 




gations. 






gations. 




Baptists, 


6,319 


4,239 


Menonites, , 


200 




" Freewill, 


753 


612 


Methodists, 




3,106 


" Seventh Day, 


42 


46 


" Protestant, . 




400 


" Six-Principle, 


16 


10 


Moravians or U. Brethren, 


24 


33 


Catholics, 


512 


545 


ftlormonites. 






Christians, 


1,000 


800 


New Jerusalem Church, 


27 


33 


Congregationalists, 


1,300 


1,150 


Presbyterians, 


2,807 


2,227 


Campbellites, 






" Cumberland, 


500 


450 


Dutch Reformed, 


197 


192 


" Associate, 


183 


85 


Episcopalians, 


950 


849 


" Reformed, 


40 


20 


Friends, 


500 




" A. Reforra'd, 


214 


116 


German Reformed, . 


600 


180 


Shakers, 


15 


45 


Jews, 






Tunkers, 


40 


40 


Lutherans, 


750 


267 


Unitarians, 


200 


174 








Universalists, . 


653 


317 



The people of the United States, from the first settlement of the country, have been attentive 
to the cause of popular education, not only by making provision for the support of common 
schools and academies, and grammar schools, but by founding (perhaps too many) higher 
seminaries of learning. In less than 20 years after the first tree was felled, and the first log- 
house was erected in the wdlderness, by the Pilgrim Fathers of New England, Cambridge 
College was founded ; and the cause of education has been, from year to year, obtaining con- 
tinually, a stronger hold upon the community. A general impression exists in the public mind, 
that the perpetuity and prosperity of free institutions, depends upon the general intelligence 
of the people. A particular reference to the colleges will be found under the states, and a 
description of them under the towns where they are located. 

According to the census of 1840, there were in the United States 173 universities and col 
leges, with 16,233 students ; 3,242 academies and grammar schools, with 164,159 students ; 47,209 
common and primary schools, with 1,845,244 scholars. In the above enumeration, theologi- 
cal and medical institutions, where they are separate from colleges, are ranked among miiversi- 
ties and colleges. 

Theological institutions for a professional education, to siicceed the collegiate, have been founded 
in different parts of the country, and by different denominations. They will be described under 
the places where they are located. 

One of the earliest law schools in the United States was founded in Litchfield, Conn., in 1798, by 
the Hon. Tapping Reeve, and taught afterwards by him, in connection with the Hon. James 
Gould. At this institution many of the principal civilians in the country have been educated. 
It is now discontinued. Others have been established in different places. An account of them 
will be found under the places where they are located. 

Numerous medical institutions have been founded for the education of physicians and surgeons. 
Many of the students have received an education at some college ; but this is not generally indis- 
pensable, where the acquirements of the candidate are respectable, in order to membership. They 
will be described under the places where they are located. 

The government of the United States is that of a confederated Republic, formed by a union of 
states, each of which has a local government, for the management of its immediate concerns. 
The powers of the general government are defined by the constitution, formed by delegates from 
the original states, submitted to the people, the only acknowledged sources of power, and by them 
adopted in state conventions, assembled for the purpose. It went into operation by the election 
and inauguration of Gen. George Washington, as first President, in 1789. 

The President of the United States, who possesses the supreme executive power, is chosen for 
the term of 4 years, by electors from each state, equal to the whole number of senators and repre- 
sentatives in the state. No person holding an office of trust under the government of the United 
States can be an elector. The person who has a majority of all the votes, is President ; but if no 
one has such majority, the House of Representatives choose a President from 3 candidates, having 
the greatest number of votes. In the election of President, the votes are given by states. A 
Vice-President is chosen at the same time, and in the same form. 

No person can be elected as President, who is less than 35 years of age, who is not a native 
bom citizen of the United States, or was not a citizen at the time of the adoption of the constitu- 
tion, and who has not been a resident in the United States for 14 years. The same qualifications 
are necessary for a candidate for the Vice-Presidency. 
The President is commander-in-chief of the army and navy, and of the militia when in the actual 



THE UNITED STATES. 15 

service of the United States. With the advice and consent of the Senate, he makes treaties, ap- 
points ambassadors, and judges of the supreme court, and other officers of the national government, 
whose appointment is not otherwise provided for by the constitution. He takes care that the laws 
be executed, and commissions all officers. He has power to grant rt^prieves and pardons for all 
offences against the United States, except in case of impeachments. In maldng treaties, the con- 
currence of two thirds of the Senate is necessary. 

In case of the death, removal, or resignation of the President, the Vice-President succeeds to the 
duties of his office. 

The Senate consists of 2 members from each state, chosen by the legislature, for the term of 6 
years. One third of the Senate is chosen every year. To be eligible as a senator, a person must 
be not less than 35 years of age ; and must have been a citizen of the United States for 9 years. 
It belongs to the Senate to try all cases of the impeachment of the President or Vice-President. 

The representatives are chosen for 2 years. No person can be a representative who is not 25 
years of age, and who has not been for 7 years a citizen of the United States. The representa- 
tives are proportioned according to the number of inhabitants, and since the census of 1840, has 
been fixed at 70,680. In the enumeration, three fifths of the slaves are omitted. 

Congress has power to lay and collect taxes ; to provide for the common defence and general 
welfare ; to borrow money ; to regulate foreign and domestic commerce ; to establish uniform laws 
of naturalization and bankruptcy ; to coin money, and regulate its value ; to fix the standard of 
weights and measures ; to establish post-offices and post-roads ; to grant patent and copy -rights ; 
to constitute tribunals inferior to the supreme court; to define and punish piracies, and offences on 
the high seas, and against the law of nations ; to declare war, and grant letters of marque and 
reprisal ; make rules respecting captures ; raise and support armies ; provide and maintain a navy ; 
provide for the calling out of the militia, to execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections 
and repel invasions ; and to exercise exclusive jurisdiction over the District of Columbia. 

No member of Congress is allowed to hold any office under the Government of the United States, 
while he continues such. All bills for raising money must originate in the House of Repre- 
sentatives. 

The Judicial power of the United States is vested in a Supreme Court, consisting of a Chief Jus- 
tice, and 8 Associate Justices ; of 9 District Courts, consisting of a Judge of the Supreme Court, and a 
District Judge ; and 34 District Courts, held by a District Judge alone ; from whose decisions there 
is, in certain cases, an appeal to the Circuit Court, and from this to the Supreme Court. The Judges 
hold their offices during good behavior ; and their salaries cannot be diminished, during their con- 
tinuance in office. 

The Supreme Court meets annually at Washington, on the 2d Monday of January. 

The national existence of this country commenced July 4th, 1776, when the delegates from the 
states, in congress assembled, declared that " the United States are, and of right ought to be 
. free and independent ;" but long and arduous was the struggle by which they made good the 
declaration. With a population of about 3,000,000, and unprovided with the means of carrying on 
a war with one of the most powerful nations in the world, with stout hearts, indomitable perse- 
verance, and a devoted patriotism, they persevered in the contest, until complete success crowned 
their exertions. 

There was much in the colonial history of the country, which was well fitted to train up its 
inhabitants for freedom. In their early state, the colonies were much neglected by the mother 
country, and were left, in a great measure, to manage their own affairs in their own way ; and 
they were thus prepared to resist all the encroachments of the mother country and the royal 
governors, and finally to assert their independence. The Indian and French wars had trained 
them extensively to military operations ; and some of the colonial commanding officers in the 
French war, had fought side by side with British officers, to whom they were afterwards opposed 
in mortal combat. The hero who led the American armies to victory and triumph, had received 
the best possible military education, by being called to lead the colonial militia against the French 
at Fort du Quesne, (now Pittsburg.) After Braddock's defeat, he conducted the retreat of the 
shattered forces, in a masterly manner ; and if his advice had been followed in time, the British 
army would not probably have fallen into an ambush, and been defeated. President Davies, then 
a distinguished clergyman in Virginia, afterwards of Princeton College, in a sermon on this sub- 
ject, uttered more of a prophecy tiian he was aware of when he said, " that he could not but think, 
that heaven had preserved that brave youth. Col. Washington, for some signal service to his coun- 
try." Washington refused all compensation for his arduous services in the revolutionary war, 
excepting his expenses of which he kept an accurate account. 

The following are the principal battles of the revolution, with the commanders, and loss on each 
side. The war commenced with the battle of Lexington, April 19th, 1775. American loss, 84 ; 
British loss, 245. Bunker Hill, June 17th, 1775, American, Prescot, loss, 453 ; British, Howe, 1,054. 
Flathushy August 12th, 1776, British, Howe, loss, 400 ; American, Putnam & Sullivan, 2,000. ^Vhite 



16 



GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF 



Plains, October 28th, 1776, American, Washington, 3 or 400 ; British, Howe, 3 or 400. Trenton, 
December 25th, 1776, American, Washington, 9 ; British, Rahl, 1,000. Frincelon, Jan. 3d, 1777, 
American, Washington, 100 ; British, Mawhood, 4lX). Bennington, August 16th, 1777, American, 
Stark, 100; British, Baum & Breman, 600. Brandywine, September 11th, 1777, British, Howe, 500; 
American, Washington, 1,000. Germantown, October 4th, 1777, British, Howe, 600 ; American, 
Washington, 1,200. Stillwater, October 17th, 1777, American, Gates, 350 ; British, Burgoyne, 600, 
5,752 men surrendered. Monmouth, June 25th, 1778, American, Washington, 230 ; British, Clinton) 
400. Rhode Island, August 29th, 1778, American, Sullivan, 211 ; British, Pigott, 260. Briar Creek, 
March 30th, 1779, British, Prevost, 16 ; American, Ash, 300. St07iy Point, July 15th, 1779, American, 
Wayne, 100 ; British, 600. Camden, August 16th, 1780, British, Comwallis, 375 ; American, Gates, 
720. Cowpens, January 17th, 1781, American, Morgan, 72 ; British, Tarleton, 800. Guilford Court 
House, March 15th, 1781, American, Greene, 400 ; British, Cornwallis, 523. Eutaw Springs, Septem- 
ber 8th, 1781, American, Greene, 555, British, Stewart, 1,000. The war closed by the surrender 
at Yorktown, by Cornwallis, October 19th, 1783, of 7,073 British soldiers to Washington. The 
whole amount of the expenses of the revolutionary war, estimated in specie, was $135,193,703. 

The following table will show what proportion of the war was borne by the several states, to 
which the population in roimd numbers in 1790, is subjoined. 

States. Continentals. Militia. Pop. 1790. 1 States. Contuientals. Militia. Pop. 1790. 



New Hampshire, 12,497 2,093 141,0()0 

Mass. including Me., 67,907 15,155 475,000 

Rhode Island, 5,908 4,284 68,000 

Connecticut, 31,959 7,792 235,000 

New York, 17,781 3,304 319,000 

New Jersey, 10,726 6,055 173,000 

Pennsylvania, 25,678 7,357 431,000 



Delaware, 
Maryland, 
Virginia, 
North Carolina, 
South Caroliiaa, 
Georgia, 

Total, 



2,386 
13,912 
26,678 
7,263 
6,417 
2,679 



376 
4,127 
5,620 



51,000 
216,000 
455,000 
293,000 
133,000 

53,000 



231,971 56,163 3,043,000 



Vermont, which was not then admitted to the Union, bore her full share in the revolutionary war. 

Provisional articles of peace were signed in Paris, Nov. 30th, 1782, by John Adams, Benjamin 
Franklin, John Jay, and Henry Laurens, on the part of the United States ; and Mr. Fitzherbert and 
Mr. Oswald on the part of Great Britain. The definitive treaty was signed September 30th, 1783. 
The Independence of the United States was acknowledged by Holland, April 19th, 1782 ; by 
Sweden, February 5th ; by Denmark, February 25th ; by Spain, March 24th ; by Russia in July 
1783, and by Prussia in 1785. 

On the second Monday of May, 1787, delegates from the several states assembled at Philadel- 
phia, for the purpose of forming a constitution ; and George Washmgton was appointed to preside 
over them. On the 17th of September, after a debate of 4 months, a constitution was adopted, sign- 
ed by all the members, and sent to the several states for their approval. It was provided that the 
ratification of nine states should be sufficient for its establishment. It was warmly debated by 
the state conventions, but finally adopted by them all. (For the vote in the several states, see the 
particular articles on the states.) In several of the states amendments were recommended. 

The adoption of the constitution forms a most important era in the history of the United States, 
and its happy operation has perpetuated the blessings .secured by the blood and treasure expended 
in the revolution. The following liistory of its adoption is extracted from Morse's Geography, 
published in 1789, and written when the event was transpiring. It deserves to be perjjetuated. 

" In the small state of Delaware, a convention was called in November, which, after a few days' 
deliberation, ratified the constitution without a dissenting voice. 

" In tlie convention of Pennsylvania, held the same month, there was a spirited opposition to the 
new form of government. The debates were long and interesting. Great abihties and firmness 
were displayed on both sides ; but, on the 13th of December, the constitution was received by two 
thirds of the members. 

" In New Jersey, the convention which met in December, were unanimous in adopting the con- 
stitution ; as was likewise that of Georgia. 

" In Connecticut there was some opposition ; but the constitution was, on the 9th of January, 
1788, ratified by tliree fourths of the votes in convention, and the minority peaceably acquiesced in 
tlie decision. 

" In Massachusetts, the opposition was large and respectable. The convention, consisting of 
more than three hundred delegates, were tiosembled in January, and continued their debates, with 
great candor and liberality, about five weeks. At length the question was carried for the constitu- 
tion by a small majority, and the minority, with that manly condescension which becomes great 
minds, submitted to the measure, and united to support the government. 

" In New Hampshire, the federal cause was, for some time, doubtful. Tlie greatest number of 
the delegates in convention were at first on the side of the opposition ; and some, who might have 



THE UNITED STATES. 17 

had their objections removed by the discussion of the subject, were instructed to reject the constitu- 
tion. An adjournment was therefore moved and carried. Tliis gave the people opportunity to 
gain a further knowledge of the merits of the constitution, and at the second meeting of the conven- 
tion, it was ratified by a respectable majority. 

"In Maryland, several men of abilities appeared in the opposition, and were unremitted in their 
endeavors to persuade the people, that the proposed plan of government was artfully calculated to 
deprive them of their dearest rights ; yet in convention it appeared that five sixths of the voices 
were in favor of it. 

" In South Carolina, the opposition was respectable ; but two thirds of the convention appeared 
to advocate and vote for the constitution. 

" In Virginia, many of the principal characters opposed the ratification of the constitution with 
great abilities and industry. But after a full discussion of the subject, a small majority, of a numer- 
ous convention, appeared for its adoption. 

" In New York, two thirds of the delegates in convention were, at their first meeting, determined 
to reject the constitution. Here, therefore, the debates were the most mteresting, and the event 
extremely doubtful. The argument was managed with uncommon address and abilities on both 
sides of the question. But during the session, the ninth and tenth states had acceded to the pro- 
posed plan, so that by the constitution. Congress were empowered to issue an ordinance for organ- 
izing the new government. This event placed the opposition on new ground ; and the expediency 
of uniting with the other states — the generous motives of conciliating all differences, and the danger 
of a rejection, influenced a respectable number, who were originally opposed to the constitution, to 
join the federal mterest. The constitution was accordingly ratified by a small majority ; but the 
ratification was accompanied here, as in Virginia, with a bill of rights, declaratory of the sense of 
tlie convention, as to certain great principles, and with a catalogue of amendments, wliich were to 
be recommended to the consideration of the new congress, and the several state legislatures. 

" North Carolina met in convention in July, to deliberate on the new constitution. After a short 
session they rejected it, by a majority of one hundred and seventy-six against seventy-six. Tliis 
was the first state that had, in a formal manner, rejected the constitution. 

" Rhode Island was doomed to be the sport of a blind and singular policy. Tlie legislature, in 
consistency with the measures which had been Ijefore pursued, did not call a convention, to col- 
lect the sense of the state upon the proposed constitution ; but in an unconstitutional and absurd 
manner, submitted the plan of government to the consideration of the people. Accordingly it was 
brought before town-meetings, and in most of them rejected. In some of the large towns, particu- 
larly in Newport and Providence, the people collected and resolved, with great propriety, that they 
could not take up the subject ; and that tlie proposition for embracing or rejecting the federal con- 
stitution, could come before no tribunal but that of the state in convention or legislatiu-e." 

(North Carolina finally adopted the constitution in Nov. 1783 ; and Rhode Island in May, 1790.) 

" From the moment the proceedings of the general convention at Philadelphia transpired, the 
public mind was exceedingly agitated, and suspended between hope and fear, until nine states had 
ratified their plan of a federal government. Indeed, the anxiety continued until Virginia and New 
York had acceded to the system. But tliis did not prevent the demonstrations of their joy on tlie 
accession of each state. 

" On the ratification in Massachusetts, the citizens of Boston, in the elevation of their joy, formed 
a procession in honor of the happy event, vvlrich was novel, splendid, and magnificent. Tliis exam- 
ple was afterwards followed, and in some instances improved upon, in Baltimore, Charleston, Pliil- 
adelpliia, New Haven, Portsmouth, and New York, successively. Nothing could equal the beauty 
and grandeur of these exhibitions. A sliip was mounted upon wheels, and drawn through the 
streets ; mechanics erected stages, and exhibited specimens of labor in their several occupations, as 
they moved along tlie road ; flags with emblems, descriptive of all the arts and of the federal union, 
were mvented and displayed in honor of the government; multitudes of all ranks in life assembled 
to view the majestic scenes ; wliile sobriety, joy, and harmony, marked the brilliant exhibitions, by 
which the Americans celebrated the establishment of their Empire." 

The constitution was finally ratified by Congress, July 14th, 1788. On the first Wednesday of 
January, 1789, electors of President and Vice-President were appointed. The electors met on the 
1st Wednesday of February, 178'J, and George Washington was unanimously chosen President, 
and John Adams was chosen Vice-President. Gen. Wa.shington v^'as inaugurated as first Presi- 
dent, on the 30th of April, 1789, in the open gallery of the old Federal Hall in New York, where 
the Customhouse now stands ; and at the conclusion, the mass of citizens in Wall-street, and far 
down Broad-street, rent the air with the hearty and universal shout, " Long live George Wash- 
ington !" 

3 



18 



GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 



The following is a list of the Presidents of the United States. 



1. George Washington, 

2. John Adams, 

3. Thomas Jefferson, 

4. James Madison, 

5. James Monroe, 

6. John Quincy Adams, 

7. Andrew Jackson, 

8. Martin Van Buren, 

9. William H. Harrison, 
10. John Tyler, 



from 



1789 to 1797 


8 years. 


1797 


1801 


4 




1801 


1809 


8 




1809 


1817 


8 




1817 


1825 


8 




1825 


1829 


4 




1829 


1837 


8 




1837 


1841 


4 





of Virginia, 

Massachusetts, 

Virginia, 

Virginia,. 

Virginia, 

Massachusetts, 

Tennessee, 

New York, 

Ohio ; died 1 month after his inauguration, 1841. 

Virginia, as Vice-President, succeeded, 1841. 

Gen. Washington died suddenly, at his residence at Mount Vernon, December 14th, 1799, of an 
inflammation of the throat, at the age of 68 years ; and the nation everywhere mourned for him, as 
for a father. Funeral processions were formed, and funeral orations were delivered in almost 
every considerable place in the country ; and the respect of the world has added its sanction to 
the nation's tears. 

In 1803, Louisiana was purchased of the French, for $15,000,000 ; and Florida was ceded to the 
United States in 1821 by Spain, in compensation for spoliations on American commerce, for 
$5,000,000. 

On the 4th of June, 1812, war was declared with Great Britain by the American Congress, by a 
vote in the House of 79 to 49 ; and in the Senate by a vote of 19 to 13. This war continued with 
varied success, until peace was concluded at Ghent, December 24th, 1814, leaving the parlies in 
the condition in which the war was commenced, except the expenditure of money and of life. 

The original 13 states that adopted the constitution, were New Hampshire, Massachusetts, 
Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Vir- 
ginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia. To these, 13 new slates have been added ; Ver- 
mont in 1791, Kentucky in 1792, Tennessee in 1796, Ohio in 1802, Louisiana in 1812, Indiana in 
1816, Mississippi in 1817, Illinois in 1818, Alabama in 1819, Maine in 1820, Blissouri in 1821, 
Arkansas in 1836 Michigan in 1836. 



A DESCRIPTIVE AND STATISTICAL 

GAZETTEER OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



ABI 



ACC 



Aaronsburg, p-v., Hains t., Centre co., Pa. 
It is at the eastern extremity of Penn's valley, 
near Penn's creek, 32 ms. Bellefonte, 89 n. w. 
Harrisburg, 181 W. It contains a Lutheran 
church, 2 stores, 80 dwellings, and about 450 
inhabitants. 

Aaron's Run, p-c, Montgomery co., Ky., 65 
E. Frankfort, 520 W. 

Abbeville district, S.C, situated in the w. part 
of the state. It lies between the Savannah and 
Saluda rs., drained principally by branches of the 
Savannah r. ; the surface is agreeably diversified, 
well watered and fertile. Capital, Abbeville. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 28,642, sheep 
12,973, swine 54,939; wheat 93,104 bush, pro- 
duced, rye 2,445, Ind. corn 1,135,834, oats 104,606, 
potatoes 33,699, silk cocoons 266 pounds, tobacco 
1,200, cotton 8,526,482; 12 for. com. houses, cap. 
$68,000; 16stores, cap. $178,139; 14 distilleries, 
7 tanneries, 10 floiu-mg m., 42 gi-ist m., 24 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $84,555. 11 acad. 412 stu- 
dents, 50 sch. 1,115 scholars. Pop. 1830, 28,149; 
1810, wMies 13,830, slaves 15,148, free col'd 
323 ; total, 29,351. 

Abbeville, p-v., capital of Abbeville district, 
S. C, 97 w. Columbia, 259 W. Situated on a small 
branch of Little r. in the centre of the district. 
It has a court house, a jail, an arsenal, a maga- 
zine, and several stores and dwellings. 

Abbeville, p-v., capital of Henry co., Ala., 
211 s. E. Tuscaloosa, 837 W. Situated on Yatta- 
yabba cr. : has a court house and 400 inhabitants. 

Ab^yville, p-v , Medma co., O.. 5 Medina, 123 
N. E. Columbus, 35'7W. It has 15 houses, 1 store, 
cap. S60"0 ; 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Pop. 55. 

Abbot, p-t., Piscatiquis co., Me., 70 n. by e. 
Augusta, 131) N. by e. Portland, 674 W. The 
Piscatiquis r. passes through its centre. Incorpo- 
ratedinlS27. It has 12 sch. 314 scholars. Pop.661. 

Abbott's creek, p-o., Davidson co., N. C. 

Abbot's Mills, p-o., Rutherford co.,Tenn., 40 
s. e. Nashville, 668 W. 

Abbottstown, p-v., Berwick t., Adams co., 
Penn., 18 s. York, 29 s. Harrisburg, 88 W. It is 
on Beaver cr. a branch of the Conewago creek. 
It contains 2 chui-ches, 3 stores, and 75 dwellings. 

Abel's Creek, p-o., Arkansas co., Ark., 84 s. e. 
Little Rock, 1,149 W. 

Aberdeen, p-v., Monroe co.. Miss., 168 n. Jack- 
son, 899 W. Situated on the w. side of Tombig- 
bee r. 

Aberdeen, p-v., Brown co., O., 123 s. w. Co- 
lumbus, 460 W. It is on the Ohio r. opposite 
Maysville, Ken., and contains 60 dwelling houses, 
6 stores, and various mechanic shops. 

Aberfoil, p-o., Macon co., Ala., 158 s. e. Tus- 
caloosa, 830 W. 

Abingdon, p-v., Harford co., Md., 22 e. Balti- 
more, 52 N. E. Annapolis, 62 W. It contains 2 



Methodist churches, and an academy. Pop. 120. 

Abingdon, p-v., capital of WasMngton co., Va.. 
304 s. w. Richmond, 372 W. Situated between 
the 2 forks of Holston r., 7 ms. from each. It 
contains a court house,jaiI, 4 chmxhes, 2 Presby- 
terian and 2 Methodist, 2 academies, 1 male and 
1 female, both brick edifices ; 12 stores, some of 
them wliolesale, 1 flouring m., 1 woollen fac, 2 
cotton fac, 4 tanneries, numerous mechanic 
shops, 200 dwellings, many of them elegant, and 
about 1,000 inhabitants, it is a distributing post- 
office. 

Abingdon, p-o.. Lake co., 111., 243 n. by e. 
Sprhigfield, 749 W. 

Abingto.n, p-t, Plymouth co., Mass., 20 s. s. E. 
Boston, 22 n. w. Plymouth, 18 n. n. e. Taunton, 
433 W. It lias 3 Congregational churches. There 
were in 1840 20 stores, with a^ cap. of $27,400 ; 
hardware and cutlery manufac. $34,533 ; of leather 
$621,100. It has 1 tannery, 5 grist m., 9 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $163,650. 10 sch. 673 scho- 
lars. Pop. 3,214. 

Abington, p-v., Pomfret t., Windham co., Ct., 
39 E. by N. Hartford, 374 W. It lias a Congrega- 
tional church, and several neat dwellings. 

Abington, p-t., Montgomery co.. Pa., 109 e. 
Harrisburg, 149 W. It has a Presbyterian and a 
Friends' church ; 2 stores, witli a cap. of $4,300 ; 

1 flouring m., 4 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $11,320. 3 acad. 171 students. Pop. 1,704. 

Abington, p-t., Wayne co., la., 72 e. Indian- 
apolis, 505 W. Situated on the w. side of the e. 
fork of White Water r. Pop. 923. 

Abington (Centre,) p-v., Wyoming co., Pa., 
151 N. E. Harrisburg, 257 W. Drained by the 
south branch of Tunkhannoek cr. The t. has 5 
stores, cap. $10,5iX); 1 fuUiugm., 2ianneries,2grist 
m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $11,950. 2 acad. 
60 students, 10 sch. 373 scholars. Pop. 1,770. 

Aboite, p-t, Allen co., la., 120 n. n. e. Indi- 
anapolis, 555 W. 2 sch. 38 scholars. Pop. 235. 

Abram's Creek, Columbia co., N. Y., is a 
small stream which falls into the Hudson, 4 ms. 
above Hudson city. 

Abram's Plains, p-o., Granville co., N. C. 

Abscota, p-o., Calhoun co., Mich.. 120 w. De- 
troit, 578 W. 

Absecum, v., in Galloway t., Atlantic co., N. 
J., 95 s. Trenton, 105 W. It is on Absecum or., 

2 ms. above Absecum Bay. It has 1 store, and 8 
or 10 dwellings. 

AcADEMiA, p-o., Knox CO., Tenn., 193 e. Nash- 
vUle, 488 W. 

AcASTo, p-o., Kane co., Bl., 187 n. by e. 
Springfield, 764 W. 

AccoMAC county, Va. Situated on the east- 
em shore of Cliesapeake Bay ; and, with North- 
ampton CO. on the s., it constitutes the " east- 
em shore of Virginia." It contains 480 sq. ms.» 



ADA 



20 



ADA 



and considerable fertile land. The soil is mostly 
sandy, and there are several islands belonging to 
it, in Chesapeake Bay. On the n. w. i.s a large 
branch of the Chesapeake, denominated Poco- 
nioke Bay. It is divided into 2 Parishes, Accomac 
parisli, and St. (Jeorge's parish. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 13,370, sheep 10,251, swine 
26,549 ; wheat 14,479 bush, produced, Ind. com 
642,682, oats 453,137, potatoes 113,3%, cotton 
4,251 lbs. ; 47 stores, cap. $125,050 ; 1 lumber yard, 
cap. $1,000 ; 6 tanneries, 49 grist m., 1 oil m. 
Cap. in manufac. $72,921. 26 sch. 751 scholars. 
Pop. 1830, 19,656; 1840, whites 9,518, slaves 
4,630, free col'd 2, 848 ; total 17,096. 

Accomac, p-v., capital of Accomac co., Va., 
193 E. by N. Richmond, 197 W. It contains a 
Methodist church, 3 stores, 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 
various mechanic shops, and about 40 dwellings. 
AccoMAN, p-o., Accomac co., Va., 212 e. by n. 
Richmond, 178 W. 

AcHOR, p-0., Columbiana co., O., 172 n. e. 
Columbus, 278 W. The v. is called Achorstown. 
AcQUACKANONOK, p-t., Passaic co., N. J., 13 
N. w. New York, 79 n. e. Trenton, 236 W. Sit- 
uated s. and w. of the Passaic r. Surface hilly 
and mountainous on the west, and rolling on the 
east ; the soil generally fertile. The v. is situa- 
ted on the w. bank of the Passaic r. at the head 
of sloop navigation. It has 2 Dutch Reformed 
churches, several stores, and about 80 dwellings. 
There are in the t. 8 stores, cap. $8,350 ; 1 cotton 
fac, 1,000 spindles, 2 tanneries, 1 brewery, 1 
grist m., 3 saw m. Cap in manufac. $73,600. 1 
acad. 34 students, 3 sch. 130 scholars. Pop. 2,483. 
AcRA, p-v., Greene co., N. Y., 47 s. s. w. Al- 
bany, 349 W. It lias 1 Baptist church, 1 store, 1 
tannery, and 12 or 15 dwellings. 

Acton, p-t., York co.. Me., 91 s. w. Augusta, 
520 W. It lies near the head waters of Salmon 
Falls r., by whicli it is separated from N. Hamp- 
shire. It has 3 stores, cap. $2,000; 2 tanneries, 4 
gristm., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac, $7,664. In 
common schools, 489 scholars. Pop. 1,401. 

Acton, t., Windham co., Vt., 18 n. w. Brat- 
tleboro, 15 n. Newfano, about 90 s. Montpelier. 
The siu-face is uneven and well watered by 
brooks, not sufficiently large for mill streams. 
There is, however, 1 saw m. It has 4 sch. 51 
scholars. Pop. 170. 

Acton, p-t., Middlesex co., Mass., 22 n. w. Bos- 
Ion, 462 W. It has a good soil, and Assabet r. 
passes through it. Incorporated in 1735. It has 
4 stores, cap. $4,800 ; 1 flouring m., 2 grist m., 
3 saw m. Cap. in rnanufac, $81,000. 5 sch. 337 
scholars. Pop. 1,121. 

Acton Corner, p-o., York co.. Me., 91 s. w. 
Augusta, 520 W. 

AcwoRTii, p-t., Sullivan co., N. H., 46 w. Con- 
cord, 460 W. The soil is good, and it has some 
good mill seats on Cold river, issuing from Cold 
pond. Incorporated in 1712. It has two stores, 
cap. $6,000 ; 1 woollen fac. producing $8,000 ; 520 
scholars in com. schools. Pop. 1,450. 

Ada, p-t., Kent co., Mich., 15S n. w. Detroit, 639 
W. Situated on the s. side of Grand r. The v. is 
at the junction of Thorn-apple r. 

Adair, county, Ky. A central, southern co., 
and contains 440 sq. ms. Drained chiefly by 
Green r. and its branches, soil fertile. Capital, 
Columbia. There were in 1840, neat cattle 9,018, 
sheep 12,263, swine 31,192; wheat 27,883 bush, 
produced, rye 1,164, Ind. corn 308,103, oats 
104,647, potatoes 12,708, tobacco 1,030,116 
pounds, cotton 8,806, sugar 24,705 ; 10 stores, 
cap. $39,375 ; 10 tanneries, 19 distilleries, 5 flour- 
ing m., 19 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
S!32,304. 11 sch. 212 scholars. Pop. 1830, 8,220 ; 



1840, whites 6,769, slaves 1,605, free col'd 92 ; 

total 8,466. 

Adair, county. Mo. Situated in the n. part of 

the state, and contains 567 sq. ms. Itis drained by 

Chariton r. Capital, Hopkinsville. Erected, 184(3. 

Adairs, p o., Natchitoches par.. La. 

AoAiiisviLLE, p-o., Cass CO., Ga., 156 n. w. 

Milledgeville, 63 W. 

Adairsville, p-v., Logan co., Ky., 10 s. w. 
Russelville, 182 s. w. Frankfort, 706 W. 

Adams, cape, the s. point of land at the mouth 
of the Columbia r., on the Pacific. A sand bar 
5 ms. across, extends from it to within a mile of 
Cape Disappointment, which is 7 ms. distant in a 
N, w. direction. When the wind blows from the 
w., this sand bar is covered with dangerous break- 
ers. The cape is low, and thinly wooded, and is 
in 46° 17' N. lat., 46° 50' w. Ion. from W. With- 
in Cape Disappointment, the U. S. sloop of war 
Peacock, belonging to the Exploring F^xpedition, 
was stranded and lost, .Uily 18th, 1841. 

Adamis, county, Penn., lies in the south part of 
the state. The surface is uneven, and the soil is 
fertile. It contains 528 sq. ms., and the waters 
(low into the Susquehanna and the Potomac. 
Capital, Gettysburg. There were in 1810, neat 
cattle 19,343, sheep 19,140, swine 31,583; 
wheat 216,606 bush, produced, rye 88,561, Ind. 
corn 290,724, buckwheat 5,404, bariey 1,666, 
oats 274,960, potatoes 69,915, 171 pounds 
silk cocoons; 59 stores, cap. $217,800; 2 lumber 
yards, cap. 1,070; 3 furnaces, 3 fulling m., 5 wool- 
len (lie, 28 tanneries, 18 distilleries, 2 breweries, 
8 potteries, 42 flouring m., 40 grist m., 76 saw ra., 
4 oil m., 5 printing offices, 1 bindery, 5 weekly 
newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $188,020. 2 col- 
leges, 190 students, 1 acad. 42 students, 97 sch. 
4,065 scholars. Pop. 23,044. 

Adams, s. w. county, Miss., is bounded on the 
w. by the Mississippi. Contains 440 sq. ms. The 
surface is moderately hilly, excepting bottoms on 
the rivers, and the soil is generally fertile. Cap- 
ital, Natchez. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
22,033, sheep 4,741, swine 4,553; Ind. com 
196,569 bush, produced, oats 13,843, potatoes 
51,701, cotton 20,292,470 pounds ; 7 commercial 
and 11 com. houses, cap. $365,000; 112 stores, 
cap. $1,290,010 ; 6 lumber yards, cap. $110,000 ; 4 
saw m., 2 printing offices, 1 bindery ,2 daily,2 week- 
ly, and 1 semi-weekly newspapers. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $164,100; 1 college, 90 students, 7 acad. 
311 students, 13 sch. 269 scholars. Pop., whites 
5,010, slaves 14,241, free col'd 283 ; total 19,434. 
Ada.ms, county, O., in the s. part of the state, 
on tlie Ohio r. Contains 550 sq. ms. The sur- 
face is hilly, and tlie soil various. Watered by 
Brush cr., along which is iron ore. Capital, West 
Union. There were in 1840, neat cattle 17,839, 
sheep 20,550, swine 17,470; wheat 136,292 
bush, produced, rye 177, Ind. corn 211,049, 
barley 214, oats 102,545, potatoes 7,806, sugar 
32,510 pounds; 52 stores, cap. $76,482; 2 furna- 
ces, 6 tanneries, 6 flouring m., 10 grist m., 10 saw 
m., 1 oil m., 1 printing office. Cap. in manufac. 
$21,971. 10 sch. 284 scholars. Pop. 13,183. 

Adams, county, la. In the e. part of the state, 
bounded E. by the state of Ohio. Contains 336 
sq. ms. Organized in 1836. St. Mary's r. flows 
through the n. and Wabash through the s. part. 
Capital, Decatur. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 2,194, sheep 338, swine 4,319 : wheat 
3,948 bush, produced, rve 147, Ind. corn 36,688, 
buckwheat 509, oats 4,577, potatoes 7,907, to- 
bacco 120 pounds, sugar 15,588; 3 stores, cap. 
$3,400 ; 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$3,500. 3 sch. 35 scholars. Pop. 2,264. 
Adams, county. 111., in the w. part of the state, 



ADA 



21 



ADA 



Its waters flow into the Mississippi and Illinois. 
Contains 768 sq. ms. Capital, Quincy. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 19,312, sheep 13,093, 
swine 49,391 ; wheat 143,865 bush, produced, 
rye 297, Ind. corn 721,563, buckwheat 1,197, 
barley 1,230, oats 151,577, potatoes 61,013, to- 
bacco 7,269 pounds, sugar 1,810; 56 stores, cap. 
$185,280; 4 com. houses, cap. $9,000; 1 lum- 
ber yard, cap. $6,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen 
lac, 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 2 breweries, 4 flour- 
ing m., 14 grist m., 24 saw m., 4 printing offices, 
1 bindery, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $163,419. 1 acad. 60 students, 101 sch. 2,724 
scholars. Pop. 14,476. 

AD.4.MS, p-t., Berkshire co., Mass., 20 n. Pitts- 
field, 40 E. Albany, 132 w. n. w. Boston, 392 W. 
It is a valuable township, and contains 2 post vil- 
lages, 5 or 6 ms. apart, each of which contains 3 
churches. The n. village contains 1 Congrega- 
tional, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist ; the s. village, 1 
Baptist, 1 Friends, and 1 free to all denominations. 
In the N. village is a bank, with a cap. of $200,0(K). 
Hoosack river passes tlirough the town, and affords 
an extensive water power, wlrich has been em- 
ployed in manufactures. There were in 1840, 18 
stores, with a cap. of $25,800 ; 14 cotton manufac- 
tories, with 18,320 spindles, 1 dyeing and printing 
establishment, the whole producing articles to the 
amountof $481,107, employinga cap. of $316,000; 
1 furnace, 5 tanneries, 2 grist m., 6 saw m. 
Manufactures of leather, $12,200. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $488,900. 1 acad. 45 students, 18 sch. 735 
scholars. Pop. 3,703. 

There is a natural bridge in this town over Hud- 
son's brook, a branch of Hoosack r., which is a 
great curiosity. The stream has worn a channel 
from 30 to 60 feet deep, and 30 rods in length, in 
a body of white marble or limestone, leaving, in 
one place, a natural bridge, 12 or 15 feet long, 10 
feet wide, and 60 feet above the surface of the 
stream. Saddleback mountain is between this 
town and Williarastown, but mostly in this town. 
The highest peak, denominated Gray lock, is 3,600 
feet above the level of the sea. 

The remains of old fort fllassachusetts are still 
to be seen, on the n. end of Saddle mountain, 
erected as a defence against the savages. 

Adams, p-t., Jefferson co., N. Y., 162 n. w. Al- 
bany, 403 W., situated on both sides of Sandy cr., 
where there is a fall of 15 feet, producing a good 
water power. It has 10 stores, cap. $32,200; Hul- 
ling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 flouring m., 2 grist m., 3 
saw m., 1 tannery, and 1 brewery ; 15 com. sch. 
with 531 scholars. Pop. 2,966. The v. has 120 
dwellmg houses, 1 Presbyterian, and 1 Methodist 
church, and a seminary for young ladies. 

Adams, t., Coshocton co., O., on the n. side of 
Tuscarawas r. It contains 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 
and 1 distillery ; 1 sch., with 25 scholars. Pop. 833. 

Adams, t., Guernsey co., O., 5 ms. w. of Cam- 
bridge. The national road, and Crooked or. pass 
through the s. e. corner. Pop. 867. 

Adams, t., Henry co., O. It has 1 grist m., 1 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,000. 2 sch., 34 scho- 
lars. Pop. 183. 

Adams, t., Washington co., O., on the Musking- 
um r. It has 6 sch., with 200 scholars. Pop. 792. 

Adams, t., in the n. part of Seneca co., O. Drain- 
ed by Green cr. It has 2 stores, cap. $5,000. 
Pop. 1,250. 

Ada.ms, t., Allen co., O. 2 sch. 35 scholars. 
Pop. 363. 

Adams, t., Monroe co., O., drained centrally by 
Sunfish cr. It contains 22 sq. ms. Pop. 898. 

Adams t., Muskingum co., O., watered by Wills' 
cr. and the Muskingum r. Pop. 983. 

Adams, t., Dark co., O., 3 ms. from Greenville, 



the CO. seat. It is watered by Greenville and 
Panther crs. Pop. 687. 

Adams, t.. Champaign co., O., 10 ms. n. w. Ur- 
banna. It is drained by Stony and Tawawacrs.; 
has 1 store, cap. $1,200 ; 1 taimery, 2 saw m. ; 5 
sch. 93 scholars. Pop. 970. 

Adams, p-t., Hillsdale co., Mich., 93 s. w. De- 
troit, 533 VV. It has 2 saw m., and employs a 
manufacturing cap. of $3,000 ; 4 sch. 174 schol- 
ars. Pop. 534. 

Ada.ms, p-t., Decatur co., la., 54 s. e. by e. In- 
dianapolis, 557 W. 

Adams, t., Hamilton co., la. Pop. 512. 

Adams, po., Irwm co., Ga., 97 s. Milledgeville, 
761 W. 

Adams Basin, p-v., Monroe co., N. Y., 230 w. 
Albany, 379 W. Situated on the Erie canal. It 
has 1 church, 1 store, 2 saw m., and 25 dwellings. 

ADA.M.SBURO, p-v., Hempfield t., Westmoreland 
CO., Pa., 183 w. Ilarrisburg, 209 W. The road 
from Greensburg to Pittsburg passes through it. 
It contains 4 stores, 1 grist m., and 30 dwellings. 

Ada.ms (."e.ntre, p-o., Jefferson co., N. Y., 162 
N. w. Albany, 403 W. 

Adams' Mills, p-v., Muskingum co., O., 61 e. 
Columbus, 346 W. It is situated on the Oliio ca- 
nal, 6 N. E. Dresden. It has 1 store, a warehouse, 
a large flouring mill, supplied with water from the 
canal, and a few other buildings. 
. Adams' Mills, p-o., Pulaski co., Ky., 12 Som- 
erset, 76 s. by E. Frankfort, 537 W. 

AuAMSTOWN, p-v., Cocalico t., Lancaster co., 
Pa., 23 xN. N. E. Lancaster, 47 Harrisburg, 136 W 
It contains 25 or 30 buildings, including dwellings, 
stores, &c. 

Adamsville, p-o., Franklm co., Ms., 104 w. by 
N. Boston, 414 W. 

Adamsville, p-o., Washington co., N. Y., in 
the town of Kingsbury, 53 N. Albany, 430 W. 

Ada.msville, p-o., Somerset co., N. J., 35 n. 
Trenton, 2U6 W. 

Adamsville, p-o., Crawford co.. Pa., 252 n. w. 
Harrisburg, 3J2 W. 

Adamsville, p-v., Ontwa t., Cass co., Mich., 
172 w. by s. Detroit, 617 W. It lies on both sides 
of Christiana r., has 1 flouring m., 1 saw m., and 2 
stores. 

Adamsville, p-v., McNairy co., Tenn., 133 s. 
w. Nashville, 815 W. 

Adamsville, p-v., Marlborough dist., S. C, 114 
E. .V. E. Columbus, 402 s. s. w. W. 

Ada.msville, p-o., Cass co., Ga., 157 n. w. 
Milledgeville, 658 W. 

Ada.msville, p-o., Panola co., Miss., 184 n. 
Jackson, 922 W. 

Addison, county, Vt, on the west side of the 
state, lies on Lake Champlain. It was organized 
in 1787, and contains about 700 sq. ms. The sur- 
face is mostly level near the lake, but becomes 
hilly and mountainous towards the e. The land 
in the lake towns is of a superior quality, and in 
the hilly parts is well adapted to grazing. It is 
watered chiefly by Otter cr., and its tributaries. 
This is the longest r. in Vt., and has several sets 
of falls, which afllbrd the finest water power ; and 
it is navigable for sloops, 7 ms. to vergennes. 
Lake Champlain has some good harbors in tliis 
comity, and affords great commercial advantages. 
A quarry of beautiful white statuary marble is 
found at Middlebury, and is extensively wrought. 
Capital, Middlebury. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 39,718, sheep 261,010, swuie 14,305; wheat 
31,322 bush, produced, rye 11,427, Ind. com 
95,304, buckwheat 7,219, barley 255, oats 141,794, 
potatoes 440.079, silk cocoons 299 pounds, sugar 
132,013; 70 stores, cap. $347,600 ; 2 lumber vards, 
cap. $18,000 ; 1 furnace, 8 forges, 20 fulling m.. 7 



AGA 



22 



ALA 



woollen fac, 1 cotton fee. 3,860 sp., 22 tanneries, 
3 potteries, 1 glass fac, 17 grist ni., 63 saw m., 1 
oil m., ] paper fac, 3 printing offices, 2 binderies, 

1 periodical^ 3 weekly newspapers. Cap. inman- 
ufac. S37,37.5. 1 college, 62 students, 5 acad. 134 
students, 177 sch. 6,449 scholars. Pop. 23,583. 

At>oiso.\, p-t., Wasliington co.. Me., (p-o. Addi- 
son Point,) 138 nis. e. by n. Augusta, 720 W . Con- 
tains 3 stores, cap. $6,000 ; 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 

2 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $1,350. 6 sch. 450 
scholars. Pop. 1,053. 

Addiso.v, p-t., Addison co., Vt., 12 w. n. w. 
Middlebury, 72 s. w. Montpelier, 483 W., situated 
on Lake Champlain, opposite Crowni Point, N. Y. 
The lake is here 3 miles broad. Settled in 1770. 
Otter cr. passes mto the town, and Mill and Pike, 
small rs., enter into Lake Champlain. 'Hie surface 
is level and the soil good. It has 2 stores, cap. 
$7,003; 1 fulling m., 1 grist m., 1 saw m. ; 10 sch. 
260 scholars. Pop. 1,232. 

Addisox, p-t., Steuben co., N. Y., 18 s. Bath, 
227 w. by s. Albany, 292 W. It is watered by 
Canisteo and Tuscarora crs., the former of which 
is navigable for boats. The land is broken, and 
ttie soil is poor. It furnishes sandstone, which 
is manu.factured into grindstones. It has 2 saw 
m., 1 fulling m., 2 stores, cap. $13,000 ; a printing 
office, 1 weekly new.spaper. Cap. in manufac. 
$14,490. 1 acad. 120 students, 10 sch. 463 scho- 
lars. Pop. 1,920. 

AuDiso.v, p-t., Somerset co., Pa., on the Youghi- 
oglieny r., 153 s. w. Harrlsburg, 170 W. 10 stores, 
cap. $29,000 ; 1 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 

1 grist m., 8 .saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,500. 

2 scliools, 30 scholars. Pop. 1,301. 

Addisox, p t., Gallia co., O., 107 s. by e. Co- 
lumbus, 35 1 W. It lies on the Ohio r. a few miles 
above Gallipolis. It has 3 tanneries, 1 grist m., 2 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,425. Pop. 692. 

Addison, t., Oakland co., Mich., has 1 store, cap. 
sS60tK); 1 llouringm., 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. m 
manutkc. $i0,0J0. 5 sch. 125 scholars. Pop. 537. 

Adelphia, p-v., Ro.ss CO., O., 67 s. w. Colum- 
bus, 412 W : in Colraine towmship, n. e. corner 
of the CO., on the N. fork of Salt cr. It contains 

3 stores and about 30 dwellings. 
Adiro\d.\ck Mou.NT.vrN'5, a name recently 

given to a cluster of mountains in the state of 
New York, s. w. of Lake Champlain. These 
mountains are little inferior in height to the White 
jMountains in N.H. (See New York, state of.) 

Adrian, p-t., capital of Lenawee co., 3Iich., 
opposite the junction of Beaver creek with the 
llaisin r. 67 Detroit, 501 W. It has 3 churches, 
1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist, the 
two former of which are elegant buildings. It 
is one of the most flourisliing towns in the state, 
and has 27 stores, cap. $116,800 ; 3 grist m., 6 saw 
m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly new.spapers ; 16 
schools, 671 scholars. Pop. 2,496. A railroad be- 
tween this place and Toledo was opened in 1836. 

Adriance, p-o., Dutchess co., N. Y., 98 s. Al- 
bany, 358 W. It is in the town of Fishkill, and 
settlement of Hopewell. 

Agamenticijs Mountain, in Y'ork co.. Me., 
4 miles from the ocean, 673 feet above tide water, 
a famous landmark for seamen. 

Agawam, p-v.. West Springfield t., Hampden 
CO., Mass., 98 w. Boston, 358 W. Situated on 



the w. side of the Connecticut, just below the 
entrance of Westfield r. It has 2 churches, 1 
Baptist and 1 Congregational, several stores, man- 
ufa<;tories, and dwellings. 

Agnews Mills, p-o., Venango co.. Pa., 220 n. 
w Harrisburg, 274 W. 

Ai, p-o.. Grant co., la., 60 n. by E. Indianapolis, 
568 W. 

Aiken, p-v., Banawell dist., S. C, 77 s. by w. 
Columbia, 590 W. 

AiscHUM CO., Mich., in the n. western part of 
the state, contains 576 square miles, drained by 
the Notipekago and branches of the Manistee 
rivers : (unorganized.) 

Aid, t., Lawrence co., O., 15 Burlington, the 
county seat. Watered by the branches of Symmes 
cr. It has 3 schools and 78 scholars. Pop. 609. 

Air, t., Bedford co.. Pa. The surface is moun- 
tainous with fertile valleys, drained by Big Cov6 
cr. It contains 1 store, cap. $4,000; 1 fulling m., 
1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 2 flouring m., 2gristm., 

3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $21,785. Pop. 1,453. 
Air Mount, p-o., Clarke co., Ala., 118 s. Tus- 
caloosa, 930 W. 

Airy Grove, p-v., Lenoir co., N. C, 88 w. 
Raleigh, 310 W. 

Akron, p-v., Erie co., N. Y., 268 w. Albany, 
388 W. It is situated on Muddy cr., and con- 
tains 2 churches, 3 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 
clotliiers' works, and 50 dwellings. Pop. about 300. 

Akron, p-v., Portage t., capital of Summit co., 
O., at the junction of the Ohio and Erie and the 
Ohio and Pennsylvania canals, 38 s. Cleveland, 
1 16 w. Pittsburg, 123 n. e. Columbus, 321 W. By 
a .succession of locks at Akron, the Oliio and Erie 
canal rises suddenly to the Portage summit, and 
presents many picturesque views. The Little Cu- 
yahoga r. and the waste water of the canal afford 
extensive water power ; and so gTeat is the de- 
scent, that it is used several times over. By meana 
of another canal, the water of the Great Cuya- 
hoga r. is brought along a ridge of high land in 
the north part of Akron, by which a great water 
power is produced. Akron is a place of great 
activity in business, and iias an extensive trade. 
It contains a court house and jail of stone, 5 
churches, 1 Baptist, 1 Episcopal, 1 Presbyterian, 
1 Methodist, and 1 Universalist. It has 4 com- 
mission houses, cap. $4,500; 30 retail stores, 
cap. $64,850; 4 furnaces, 4 fulling m., 5 wool- 
len factories, 1 powder m., 4 flouring m., 1 grist 
m., 1 oil m., 2 printing offices, and 3 weekly 
newspapers. Capital ui manufactures $153,750. 
The village of Akron has 1 academy, 9 students, 
6 schools, 269 scholars. Pop. 1,665 ; Portage t. 
exclusive of Akron, 718. 

Alabama River, is formed by the junction of 
the Coosa and the Tallapoosa, and ilowmg s. s. 
w. it unites with the Tombigbee, 48 ms. above 
Mobile Bay, and after the jimction, has the name 
of Mobile r. From the junction, 60 miles to Clai- 
borne, it is navigable at all seasons, for vessels 
requiring 6 feet of water. From Claiborne, 150 
ms., to the mouth of the Cahawba, the river has 

4 or 5 feet of water. From the mouth of the Ca- 
hawba to the junction of the Coosa and Talla- 
poosa, its head branches, the river affords, in all 
places, 3 feet of water. .The river is subject to 
great changes by rising and falling. 



ALABAMA. 

Alabama, one of the southern United States, is bounded on the n. by Tennessee ; E.by Georgia; 
S by Florida, and the Gulf of Mexico; and w. by Mississippi. It is between 30° 10' and 35° N. 
lat., and between 85° and 83° 30' w. Ion., and between 8° and 11° 30' w. Ion. from W. It is 317 
miles long from n. to 3., and 174 broad from e. to w. It contains 46,000 eq. miles, or 28,160,000 



ALA 23 ALA 

acres. The population in 1810 was less than 10,000; in 18)6, 29,683; in 1818, 70,544; in 1820, 
127,901 ; in 1827, 244,041 ; in 1830, 308,997 ; in 1840. 590,756, of whom 253,532 were slaves. Free 
white males, 176,692 ; do. females, 153,493 ; free colored males, 1,030 ; do. females, 1,009. Employed 
in agriculture, 177,439; in commerce, 2,212; in manufactures and trades, 7,195; navigating the 
ocean, 256; do. canals, rivers, &c., 753 ; mining, 96 ; learned professions, 1,514. It is divided- into 
49 coimties, which, with their population ua 1840, and their capitals, were as follows : Northern 
District. — Benton, 14,260, Jacksonville ; Blount, 5,570, Blountsville ; Cherokee, 8,773, Jeffer- 
son; De Kalb, 5,929, Lebanon; Fayette, 6,942, Fayette c. h. ; Franklin, 14,270, Russellville i 
Jackson, 15,715, Bellefonte ; Lauderdale, 14,485, Florence ; Lawrence, 13,313, Moulton ; Lime- 
stone, 14,374, Athens ; Madison, 25,706, Huntsville ; Mario.v, 5,847, Pikeville ; Marshall, 7,553, 
Warrenton; Morgan, 9,841, Somerville; Randolph, 4,973, McDonald; St. Clair, 5,633, Ashville; 
Talladega, 12,587, Talladega. — Southern District. — Autauga, 14,342, Kingston; Baldwin, 2,951; 
Blakeley; Barbour, 12,024, Clayton; Bibb, 8,284, Centreville ; Butler, 8,685, Greenville; 
Chambers, 17,333, Lafayette; Clarke. 8,640, Macon; Conecuh, 8,197, Sparta; Coosa, 6,995, 
Rockford; Covington, 2,425, Montezuma; Dale, 7,397, Daleville; Dallas, 25,199, Cahawba; 
Gree.ve, 24,024, Erie; Henry, 5,787, Abbeville ; Jefferson, 7,131, Elyton; Lowndes, 19,539^ 
Haynesville; MacOxN, 11,247, Tuskegee ; Marengo, 17,264, Linden; Mobile, 18,741, Mobile; 
Monroe, 10,680, Monroeville ; Montgomery, 24,574, Montgomery ; Perry, 19,086, Marion ; Pick- 
ens, 17,118, Carrolton; Pike, 10,108, Troy; Russell, 13,513, Crocketsville; Shelby, 6,112, Co- 
lumbiana; Sumter, 29,937, Livingston; TALLAroosA, 6,444, Dadeville ; Tuscaloosa, 16,583 Tus- 
caloosa; Walker, 4,032, Jasper; Washington, 5,300, Barryton; Wilco.x, 15,278, Barboursville- 

The southern part of this state which borders on the Gulf of Mexico, for the space of 50 or 60 
miles, is low and level, covered with pine, Cyprus, and loblolly. In the middle it is hilly, inter- 
spersed with prairies ; in the north it is broken and somewhat mountainous. The soil in the 
southern part of the state is generally sandy and barren, but throughout a large part it is excellent. 
In the northern and middle sections, the natural growth is post, black and white oak, hickory, poplar, 
cedar, cliesiinit, pine, mulberry, &c. The Alleghany mountains terminate in the N. E. section of 
this state, sinking here to elevated hills. The climate in the southern part, and in the vicinity of the 
bottom land on the rivers, and near the muscle shoals in the Tennessee river, is unhealthy ; but in 
the more elevated portions it is salubrious. The winters are mild, the streams being rarely frozen, 
and the heat of summer is tempered by refreshing breezes from the Gulf of Mexico. 

Cotton is the staple production of the state ; but Indian corn, rice, wheat, oats, &c., are produced. 
Iron ore is found in various parts of the state, and coal aboimds on the Black Warrior and Cahawba 
rivers. 

There were in this state in 1840, 143,147 horses and mules ; 668,018, neat cattle ; 163,243 sheep ; 
1,423,873 swine ; poultry to the value of $404,994. There were produced 828,052 bushels of wheat ; 
7,692 of barley; 1,406,353 of oats ; 51,008 of rye; 20,947,004 Indian com; 220,353 pounds of 
wool ; 25,226 of wax ; 1,703,356 bushels of potatoes ; 12,718 tons of hay ; 273,302 pounds of tobacco, 
149,019 of rice, 117,133,823 of cotton, 1,592 of silk cocoons, 10,143 of sugar. The products of the 
dairy were valued at $265,200; and of the orchard, $55,240; of lumber, $169,008. There were 
made 177 gallons of wine. 

The exports of this state in 1840, amounted to $12,854,694; and the imports to $574,651. There 
were 51 commercial and 101 commission houses engaged in foreign trade, with a capital of $3,355,012 ; 
899 retail dry goods and other stores, with a capital of $5,642,885 ; 73 persons employed in the lum- 
ber trade, and a capital of $1,800; 49 persons engaged in internal transportation, who with 57 
butchers, packers, &c., employed a capital of $93,370. 

Home-made or family manufactures amounted to $1,656,119. There were 14 cotton manufac- 
tories, with 1,502 spindles, employing 82 persons, producing articles to the amount of $17,547, and 
employing a capital of $35,575 ; 1 furnace producing 30 tons of cast iron, and 5 forges, producing 75 
tons of bar iron, the whole employing 30 persons, and a capital of $9,500 ; 31 persons manulactured 
hats and caps to the amoimt of $8,210 ; 142 tanneries employed 300 persons, and a cap. of $147,463 ; 
137 manufactories of leather, as saddleries, &c., produced articles to the amount of $180,152, 
and employed a capital of $53,332 ; 15 persons produced confectionery to the amount of $13,800, 
with a capital of 6,120 ; 47 persons produced gold to the amount of $61,230, with a capital of $1,000 ; 
4 persons produced drugs and paints to the amount of $16,600, \vith a capital of $16,000 ; 96 persons 
produced machinery to the amount of $131,825; 41 persons produced hardware and cutlery to the 
amount of $13,875 ; 20 persons manufactured 4 cannon, and 428 small-arms ; 7 persons manufac. 
tured the precious metals to the amount of $1,650; 17 persons manufactured granite and marble to 
the amovmt of $7,311 ; 264 persons produced bricks and lime to the amount of $91,326, with a capi. 
tal of $95,370; 235 persons manufactured carriages and wagons to the amount of $88,891, employ, 
ing a capital of $49,074 ; 188 distilleries produced 127,230 gallons, and 7 breweries produced 200 
gallons, employing 220 persons, and a capital of $34,212; 51 flouring mills produced 23,664 barrels 
of flour, and with other mills, employed 1,386 persons, manufacturing articles to the araomit of 



ALA 24 ALA 

$1,225,425, and employing a cap. of $1,413,107; 53 persons prod, furniture to the amount of $41,671, 
and employed a capital of $18,430 ; 67 brick or stone houses, and 472 wooden houses employed 882 
persons, and cost $739,871 ; 22 printing offices, 1 bmdery, 3 daily, 1 semi-weekly, and 24 weekly 
newspapers, employed 105 persons, and a capital of 98,100. The whole amount of capital employed 
in manufactures was $2,130,064. 

The Mobile is the principal river in tlie state. It is formed by the union of the Tombigbee and 
the Alabama, 40 miles above the city of Mobile. Tlie Alabama is a large river, and is navigable 
for vessels drawing 6 feet of water to Claiborne, 60 miles above its jimction ; 150 miles further to the 
mouth of the Cahawba, it has 4 or 5 feet of water ; and to the junction of the Coosa and Tallapoosa, 
of which it is formed, it has, in its shallowest places, three feet of water. The Tombigbee is 
navigable for schooners 120 miles to St. Stephens, and for steamboats to Columbus, Miss. It is 450 
miles long, and boatable for a greater part of its course. The Black Warrior forms a large branch 
of it, and is navigable to Tuscaloosa. The Chatahoochee river forms a part of the eastern boundary 
of the state ; and the Tennessee runs through the northern part. 

Alabama has only 60 miles of sea coast. But this includes Mobile Bay, which is 30 miles long, 
and from 3 to 18 broad. 

Mobile, on tlie w. side of Mobile Bay, is the most commercial place in the state, and has an ex- 
tensive trade, particularly in cotton. The other principal places are St. Stephens, Tuscaloosa, 
Cahawba, Montgomery, Wetumpka, Florence, and Huntsville. 

The University of Alabama at Tuscaloosa was foimded in 1820, has been liberally endowed by 
the state, and is a flourishing institution. La Grange College in the county of Franklin, was founded 
in 1830. In these institutions there were in 1840, 152 students. There were in the state, 114 
academies and grammar schools, with 5,018 students; and 639 common and primary schools, with 
16,243 scholars. There were 22,592 free white persons over 20 years of age, who covdd neither 
read nor write. 

In 1835 the Baptists had 250 churches, 109 ministers, and 11,445 communicants ; the Methodists 
had 60 ministers and 13,845 communicants ; the Presbyterians had 45 churches, 29 ministers, and 
2,268 communicants. The Roman Catholics had 1 bishop and 5 ministers ; and the Episcopalians 
had 7 nunisters. 

At the commencement of 1840, there was one bank in this state, with a capital of $3,389,739, and 
a circulation of $696,855. At the close of 1840, the state debt amounted to $10,859,556. 

The constitution of this state was formed in 1819, preparatory to its admission to the Union, in 
1820. The governor is elected by the people for two years, but is eligible only 4 years in 6. Tlie 
senators ere elected for 3 years, and one third are chosen every year. Tlieir number cannot be 
more than one tliird, nor less than a fourth of the number of the representatives. The representa- 
tives are elected annually, and are apportioned among the counties in proportion to their white 
population. They cannot be more than 100 nor less than 60 in number. The representatives and 
one third of the senators are elected annually, on the first Rlonday in August, and the day following ; 
and the governor is elected biennially, at the same time. The legislatm-e meets annually at Tus- 
caloosa, on the 4th Monday in October. The judiciary consists of a supreme com-t, a circuit court, 
and such inferior courts as the general assembly may, from time to time, direct and establish. The 
judges are elected every six years, by the jomt vote of both houses of the general assembly. The 
right of suffrage is possessed by every white male citizen of 21 years of age, who has resided within 
the state one year next preceding an election, and the last three months within the comity, city, or 
town in which he offers his vote. 

The Muscle Slioals Canal is designed to overcome the obstruction m the Tennessee river. It 
extend.s from the liead of the falls, 35i miles to Florence, and cost $571,835. But to extend the work 
to its completion will cost $1,361,057. The Huntsville canal extends fromTriena on the Tennessee, 
16 miles to Huntsville. 

The Alabama and Florida railroad extends from Pensacola, 1563 miles to Montgomery, and cost 
$2,500,000. The Selma and Cahawba railroad is a branch of the Alabama and Florida railroad, 
extendhig from Selma 10 mUes to Cahawba. 

The Rlontgomery and Westpoint railroad extends from Montgomery, the northern termination of 
the Pensacola and Montgomery railroad to Westpoint, at the head of the rapids of the Chattahoochee 
river, 30 miles above Columbus. It is 87 miles long. The Tuscumbia, Cortland, and Decatur rail- 
road extends from Tuscumbia 44 miles to Decatur. The Wetumpka railroad extends 10 miles, 
and is designed to connect, when completed, the Tennessee and Alabama rivers, at Wetumpka. 

The French formed a small settlement, and built a fort where the city of Mobile now stands, early 
in the 18th century. Most of the territory of Alabama was included in the original patent of Georgia. 
In 1802 Georgia ceded all her territory w. of the Chattahoochee river to the United States; and ex- 
tending to the Mississippi river, it was erected into the Mississippi territory, in 1817. It continued 
a part of the Mississippi territory imtil 1819, when a state constitution was formed ; and in 1820 it 
was admitted to the Ihiion, as an independent state. 



ALB 



25 



ALB 



Alabama, p-t., Genesee co., N. Y., 12 N. w. 
Batavia, 263 Albany, 388 W. It is watered by 
the Tonawanda creek, which in the N. w. part 
of the town furnishes a feeder to the Erie canal, 
near which the creek has falls of 30 feet. There 
is an Indian reservation and settlement in the 
town. It has 1 store, cap. $9,000 ; 2 tanneries, 2 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,128. Pop. 1,798. 
The \dllage at the p-o. ha.s 12 or 15 houses. 

Alachua Savanna, a grassy and marshy 
plain in Alachua co., Florida, wiiich is supposed 
to discharge its waters by an miderground passage 
into Lake Orange. 

Alachua, county of e. Florida, situated on the 
w. part of the peninsula, and contains about 2,500 
square miles. It embraces one of the largest 
tracts of good land in the ter., and has long been 
densely populated. It has a number of ponds 
and prairies, and furnishes excellent pasture for 
numerous herds of cattle. Suwanee river runs 
on its w. border, and Withlacoochee river through 
its s. part. Wakassassee river passes through it. 
Some part of the surface is rolling, but toward 
the coast it is flat and wet. Capital, Newmans- 
ville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,665, 
sheep 87, swine 2,441 ; Ind. corn 27,365 bush, 
produced, potatoes 9,652, sugar 2,000 lbs. Pop. 
whites 1,719, slaves 562 ; total, 2,282. 

Alamo, t., Kalamazoo co., Mich. 1 saw m., 1 
sch. 23 scholars. Pop. 194. 

Alamutcha, p-o., Lauderdale co., Miss. 

Alapaha, p-o., Lowndes co., Ga., 262 s. Mel- 
ledgeville, 861 W. 

Alapapaha, a river of Geo., which flows into 
the Suwanee, and is about 100 miles in length. 

Alauua, a river of Florida, falls into Choc- 
tawhatchee Bay, and is navigable 15 iniles, 
for vessels reqmring 5 feet of water. 

Alaqua, v., Walton co., Flor., 161 n. of w. 
from Tallahassee. It is situated on Alaqua river. 
Pop. 221. 

Alatamaha or Altamaha, a navigable river 
of Georgia, formed by the union of the Ockmul- 
gee and the Oconee. After the junction, the 
Alatamaha becomes a large river, flowing with a 
gentle current through tbrests and plams, up- 
wards of 100 miles, and enters by several outlets 
into Alatamaha soimd, 60 s. w. Savannah, 
through wliich it passes into the Atlantic. This 
sound contains a number of beautiful islands. The 
Alatamaha is navigable on the Oconee branch, 
300 ms. from the ocean, for boats of 30 tons, and for 
steamboats to Milledgeville ; and to an equal dis- 
tance on the Ockmulgee branch. The bar at the 
mouth has 14 feet, at low water. The whole 
length of the river to its source, is about 500 miles. 

Alba, p-v., Bradford co., Pa., 143 n. by e. Har- 
risburgh, 250 W. 

Albany, t., Bradford co., Pa., the surface is 
hilly; soil gravelly loam. Drained by Towanda 
cr. and the w. branch of Mahoopeny cr. It con- 
tains 1 store, cap. $2,500 ; 1 grist ni., 3 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $4,050. 

Albanv, p-t., Oxford co., Me., 18 n. w. Paris, 
62 w. Augusta, 597 W. It has 1 store, cap. $1,000 ; 
1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,400. 
7 sch. 275 scholars. Pop. 691. 

Albany, t., StrafTord co., N. H., 6 n. by e. 
Concord. The surface is mieven and rough, but 
the soil is a fertile sandy loam, mixed with gravel. 
Watered by Swift r. and other streams, which af- 
ford water power. Chartered in 1766. It con- 
tains 5 sch. 153 scholars. Pop. 406. 

Albany, p-t., Orleans co., Vt., 9 s. Irasburgh, 
39 N. Montpelier, 555 W. It was granted in 
1781 by the name of Lutterloh, and received its 
present name in 1815. It is watered by Black 



river and its branches, and has a number of 
ponds. It has 1 store, cap. !?3,000 dollars ; 1 ful- 
ling m., 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $3,150. 10 sch. 356 scholars. Pop. 920. 

Albany county, N. Y., is situated 150 n. of 
the city of New \ ork. It was organized in 1683. 
It lies on the w. side of Hudson r. The surface 
is uneven, and ui the s. w. part hilly and moun- 
tamous. On the river the soil is good, and well 
cultivated, but in the interior it is sandy and tm- 
productive. Among its mineral productions are 
bog iron ore, and water limestone. There are 
also several mineral sprmgs. Besides the Mo- 
hawk, on its N., and the Hudson on its e. bound- 
ary, its streams are Normanskill, Vlamanslvill, 
Haivankrausliill and Coeyman's cr., which enter 
the Hudson, and some others. It has an area of 
515 sq. miles. The Erie and Champlain canals 
form a junction in the n. e. part of this county. 
Capital, Albany. There were in 1840, neat cat- 
tle 25,784, sheep 57,478, swine 49,068; wheat 
21,008 bushels produced, rye 145,941, Ind. corn 
127,162, buckwheat 103,582, barley 155,902, oats 
653,794, potatoes 540,582, sugar 24,365 pounds ; 
47 commission houses, cap. $650,000; 1,166 
stores, capital $1,244,903; 27 lumber yards, cap. 
$464,000; 1 furnace, 11 fulling m., 8 woollen fac. 
2 cotton fac, 5,160 sp., 20 tanneries, 8 breweries, 
4 potteries, 6 flouring m., 22 grist in., 84 saw m., 
1 paper factory, 1 1 printing offices, 5 binderies, 1 
periodical, 3 daily, 5 weekly, 2 semi-weekly news- 
papers. Cap. in manufac. $2,712,825. 5 acad. 
469 students, 119 sch. 9,319 scholars. Pop. 1830, 
53,560 ; 1840, 68,593. 

Albany city, N. Y., the capital of the state, 
is situated on the Hudson r., 145 miles, by the 
course of the river, above the city of New York, 
m 42"^ 39' 3"n. lat., and 73° 32' w. Ion., and 3° 
12' E. long, from W. 164 w. by n. Boston. 230 
s. Montreal, 370 W. The population, in 1810, 
was 9,356; in 1820, 12,630; hi 1830, 24,238; in 
1840, 33,721. Employed in agriculture 144; 
manufactures and trades 1,621 ; navigating the 
ocean 8 ; do. rivers and canals 106 ; in the learned 
professions 237. The gromid on which Albany 
is built has a flat alluvial tract along the margin of 
the river, from 15 to 100 rods wide, back of which 
it rises abruptly, and ui half a mile in the direc- 
tion of State-street, attains an elevation of 153 
feet ; and in 1 mile of 220 feet, above the level 
of the river. Beyond tliis, the surface is level. 
The older parts of the city were not laid out with 
much regularity, and some of the streets are nar- 
row, but the parts more recently laid out, have 
spacious and regular streets. State-street, one 
of the early streets, from the meeting of Court 
and Market streets, is from 150 to 170 feet wide, 
and has a steep ascent, at the head of which the 
capitol, which fronts it, has a commandmg posi- 
tion. Many of the private, and more especially 
the public buildings of Albany, have fine situa- 
tions, and overlook an extensive and a beautiful 
prospect. 

The capitol is a large stone edifice 115 feet 
long and 90 feet broad, fronting E. on a fine 
square, at the head of State-street. It contains 
spacious and richly furnished apartments for the 
accommodation of the Senate and Assembly, 
and various rooms for other public purposes. The 
City Hall is on the e. side of the same square, 
facing w., and is a large marble building, with a 
gilded dome. The State Hall, for the public 
offices, is a corresponding building on the same 
side of the same square, and is a splendid edi- 
fice. The Albany Academy is a fine builduig 
of freestone, and has a park in front of it, ad- 
joining the public square ; and both squares are 



ALB 



26 



ALB 



surrounded by an iron fence, and in fact, consti- 
tute one large and beautiful public ground, divid- 
ed by a street, laid out with walks, and orna- 
mented with trees. Tlie other public buildings 
are a Medical College, a Female Academy, the 
Albany Exchange, a large building of granite at 
the foot of State-street, and the county jail. 

The Albany Academy, in its course of instrac- 
tion, approaches to a college, and has 400 stu- 
dents, and eminent instructors. The Albany 
Female Academy has obtained an extensive and 
a deserved celebrity, and has from 300 to 350 
pupils. The Albany library contains 9,0(X) vol- 
umes. The Young Men's Association, establish- 
ed for mutual improvement, occupies rooms in 
the exchange building, and has 1,500 members. 
It has a fine reading room, liberally furnished, 
has a library of 3,200 volumes, and supports, 
through the winter season, an able course of lec- 
tures. The Albany Orphan Asylum is situated 
one mile w. of the city hall, and generally sup- 
ports 80 or 90 male and female children. The 
poorhouse, in the s. w. part of the city, has a 
number of large buildings, and a farm of 150 
acres, cultivated by its inmates. St. Joseph's 
Orphan Asylum is a Roman Catholic institution, 
for females only, and has about 40 inmates, un- 
der the charge of the Sisters of Ciiarity. 

Albany has about 100 streets and alleys built 
on, 11 public squares, 3 markets, 10 public school 
buildings, containing also dwellings for the teach- 
ers, and 11 engine houses, all built substantially 
of brick. 

The city contains 30 places of worship, of 
which the Presbyterians have 4, the Associate 
Reformed 1, the Dutch Reformed 3, the Metliodists 
4, the African Methodist 1, the Episcopalians 3, 
the Baptists 2, the colored Baptists 1, the Lu- 
therans 2, the Universalists 1, and the Roman 
Catholics 2. There are 1 Independent church, 
1 Mission church, 1 Bethel church, 1 Friends' 
meetmg-house, and 2 Jewish synagogues. 

The old state hall on the s. side of State-street, 
is now converted into a museum, for the recep- 
tion of the geological cabinet, collected by the 
state geologists in their siu^-eys. The Albany 
Institute is a respectable scientific association, 
which has a valuable library and cabinet. 

The situation of Albany for trade and com- 
merce, is commanding. Being on one of the 
finest rivers in the United States, and having a 
rich back country, its natural advantages are 
great ; but these advantages have been vastly in- 
creased by the Erie and the Champlain canals, 
which give it a ready access to a widely extend- 
ed coimtry to the N. and w. ; and its connection 
to Boston by railroad, will add to tliese advan- 
tages. The Mohawk and Hudson railroad termi- 
nates here, and connects with otlier lines to the 
west. The Erie canal, comprising also the 
Champlain canal, enters the city in its n. part, 
and flows into a spacious basin, foiTned by a pier 
built in the river, a mile and a quarter long, 
which produces a safe harlior, not only for boats, 
but also for vessels, to defend them against the 
ice in the spring floods. These advantages have 
been improved. There are in the city 53 com- 
mission houses, 35 importers, 137 wholesale 
houses, 440 retail stores, and 612 gi-ocery and 
provision stores. There are 8 banks, with an 
aggregate cap. of $2,751,000 ; 4 insm-ance compa- 
nies, with a total cap. of $700,000. 

The manufactures of Albany are not less 
flourishing than its commerce. There are 15 
manufactories of carriages, some of them very 
extensive ; 20 of hats and caps, producing articles 
to the amount of $900,000 amiually ; 4 of tobac- 



co, 2 of morocco leather, 5 rope-walks, 15 of soap 
and candles, 5 of musical instruments, 2 of combs, 
20 of copper, tin, and sheet iron ; and a great 
many others. There are 2 type foundries, 1 ste- 
reotype, 2 manufactories of oil cloth, 8 of stoves, 
4 of carpets, &c. There are 10 furnaces, 3 steam 
sawing and planing machines, 4 plane manufac- 
tories, 1 manufactory ofphilosopliical instruments, 
and 1 of coach lace. There are 3 malting houses 
and 9 breweries. According to the late census 
there were in Albany in 1840, 47 commission 
houses engaged in foreign trade, with a cap. of 
$050,000 ; 976 retail drygoods and other stores, 
with a cap. of $975,000. Tlie total cap. employed 
in manufactures was $1,735,500. In 1840, 20 
steamboats and 51 towboats regularly plied be- 
tween Albany and New York, and the interme- 
diate places on the river. A large number of 
sloops also navigate the river. It is estimated 
that over 1,000 persons arrive at, and depart 
from Albany, daily, by its various lines of com- 
munication. 

Albany was founded by the Dutch in 1623, 
and by them called " Beaver Wyck," and after- 
ward " Williamstadt." It capitulated to the Eng- 
lish in 1664, who gave it its present name, in 
honor of the Duke of York and Albany, its pro- 
prietor. It was incorporated in 1686. 

Albany, t., Berks co.. Pa. The surface is hilly ; 
soil gravelly and poor. It has 1 Presbyterian 
and 1 Lutheran church, and several forges. 
Drained by Maiden cr. and its tributaries. It has 
1 tannery, 6 grist ra., 6 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in 
manufac. $3,000. Pop. 1,057. 

Albany, p-v., capital of Clinton co., Ky., 8 n. 
Tenn. line, 126 Frankfort, 620 W. Situated on 
Spring cr., a tributary of the Cumberland r. 

Albany, p-v., Henry co.. Term., 106 w. Nash- 
ville, 792 W. 

Albany, p-v., Wliitesides co.. 111., 1T7 n. bj' w. 
Spring.field, 873 W. Situated on the e. side of 
the Mississippi r. 

Albany, p-v.. Baker co., Ga., 128 s. s. w. Mil- 
ledgeville, 785 W. Situated w. side of Flint r. 

Albemarle Sound, a large inlet from the sea, 
in the n. e. part of N. Carolina. It extends 6t) 
ms. from e. to w., and is from 4 to 15 ms. wide. 
It receives the Chowan, Roanoke, and several 
smaller rs. It communicates with Pamlico sound 
and the ocean, by several narrow inlets ; and 
with Chesapeake Bay by a canal through the 
Dismal Swamp. 

Albemarle, county, Va., one of the central 
counties of the state. It has the Blue Ridge on 
the n. w., and James r. on the s., and contains an 
area of 700 sq. ms. Its streams consist chiefly of 
the head waters of the Rivanna r. The surface 
of this county is diversified, and its soil various. 
Capital, Charlottesville. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 14,819, .sheep 20,512, swine 34,606; wheat 
326,986 bush, produced, rye 117,369, Ind. corn 
711,516, oats 216,382, potatoes 28,539, tobacco 
2,409,598 pounds; 74 stores, cap. $302,300; 1 
cotton fac. 1,500 sp., 13 tanneries, 4 distilleries, 
15 flouring m., 51 grist m., 46 saw m., 2 printing 
oflices, 2 weekly newspapers, 2 periodicals. Cap. 
in manufac. $260,885. 1 college, 247 students, 
18 acad. 400 students, 21com. sch. 386 scholars. 
Pop. 1830, 22,618; 1840, wliites 10,512, slaves 
13,809 ; total, 22,924. 

Albemarle, p-o., Stanley co., N. C, 146 Ra- 
leigh, 383 W. 

Albertson's, p-o., Duplin co., N. C, 79 Ra- 
leigh, 309 W. 

Albion, p-t., Kennebec co.. Me., 26 n. E. Au- 
gusta, 44 s. w. Bangor, 621 W. It has 4 stores, 
cap. $2,400 ; 1 taimery, 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. 



ALE 



27 



ALE 



in raanut'ac. $7,250. 9 sch. 692 scholars. Pop. 
1,624. 

Albion, p-v., and capital Orleans co., N. Y., 
250 w. by N. Albany, 392 W. Situated in Barre 
t., and on the Erie canal. It contains a court 
house, jail, clerk's office, 2 banks, 3 churches — 1 
Baptist, 1 Methodist, 1 Presbyterian — an acade- 
my, a female seminary, 18 stores, 7 warehouses, 
and 1 flouring m., 200 dwelUngs, and about 1,400 
inhabitants. 

Albion, t., Oswego co., N. Y., 25 e. Oswego, 
147 w. N. w. Albany. Tlie surface is undula- 
ting, and the soil good. Watered by Salmon r. 
on the N., and Salmon cr. on the s. It contains 

3 stores, cap. $3,900 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 18 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $15,200. It has 16 sch. 
561 scholars. Pop. 1,503. 

Albion, t., Calhoun co., Mich. The Kalamazoo 
r. passes through it. It has 4 stores, cap. $29,000 ; 
2 distilleries, 2 flouring m., 2 grist m., 4 saw ra. Cap. 
in manufac. $42,630. 8 sch. 201 scholars. Pop. 932. 

Albio.n, p-v., Albion t., Calhoun co., Mich., 92 
Detroit, 564 W. It is on the right bank of Kala- 
mazoo r., and contams 80 dwellings, 1 saw m., 1 
flouruig m., and 3 stores. 

Albion, p-v., Fairfield dist, S. C, 34 Colum- 
bia, 475 W. 

Albion p-o., Wayne co., O., 112 Columbus, 
363 W. 

Albion C. H., P-v., Edwards co.. 111., 165 
Spruigfield, 40 s. w. Vmceiines, 731 W. Establish- 
ed in 1819. Settled chiefly by English emigrants. 
The situation is high and healthy. It contains 3 
stores, a flouring m. moved by o.\en, and 40 or 50 
families. It has a brick court house, 44 feet 
square, and 2 stories high. 

Albrights, p-o.. Orange co., N. C, 63 Raleigh, 
297 W. 

Alburg, p-t., and port of entry. Grand Isle co., 
Vt., 83 Montpelier, 557 W. It lies in the n. w. 
comer of the state, and is a triangular body of 
land projectmg from Canada into Lake Cham- 
plain, by which it is surrounded, excepting on 
the Canada side. The surface is low and level, 
and the soil is good, and well timbered. It has 

4 stores, cap. $7,900 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 1 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $2,150. Pop. 1,344. 

Alburg Springs, p-v., Alburg t.. Grand Isle 
CO., Vt., 87 Montpelier, 561 W. Here is a min- 
eral spring of considerable efficacy in scrofulous 
and other cases. 

Alden, p-t., Erie co., N. Y., 22 e. Buffalo, 270 
Albany, 380 W. The village has 30 dwellings, 
and 1 Presbyterian cliurch, and contains 1 store, 
cap. $1,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tan- 
nery, 3 grist m., 10 :saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$11,500. 14 sch. 667 scholars. Pop. 1,984. 

Alder Branch, p-o., Bradley co., Temi., 168 
Nashville, 593 W. 

Alder Creek, p-o., Booneville t., Oneida co., 
N. Y., 107 w. N. w. Albany, 412 W. 

Aldie, p-o., Loudon co., Va., 139 n. Riclunond, 
42 W. 

Aledon, p-t., Ingham co., Mich., 92 w. by n. 
Detroit, 578 W. Pop. 221. 

Aleppo, t., Greene co.. Pa. Pop. 650. 

Ale.kander, p-t., WasMngton co.. Me., 25 n. 
by w. Machias, 202 e. n. e. Augusta, 788 W. It 
has 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$1,420. 6 sch. 237 scholars. Pop. 513. 

Alexander, county. III., situated in the s. 
part of the state, contains 375 sq. ms. It has the 
Ohio r. on its s. E., and the Mississippi r. on its 
s. w. border. The soil is fertile, and one third, 
at least, alluvion. The s. part is liable to be 
overflowed. Watered by Cash r. and branches. 
Sextons and Clear creeks. Organized in 1819. 



Capital, Unity. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
2,952, sheep 998, swine 10,339; wheat 3,947 
bushels produced, Ind. corn 84,020, oats 11,620, 
potatoes 10,112; 13 stores, cap. $29,040; 1 tan- 
nery, 1 distillery, 10 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $102,730. 8 sch. 190 scholars. Pop. 3,313. 

Ale.\a\der, p-t., Genesee co., N. Y., 8 s. w. 
Batavia, 258 w. by n. Albany, 382 W. It is 
crossed by the Touawanda creek ; and has 4 
stores, cap. $31,000 ; 4 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 
2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$34,800. 1 acad. 200 students, 14 com. sch. 516 
scholars. Pop. 2,242. 

Ale.xander, p-t., Athens co., O., 78 Colum- 
bus, 345 W. It is one of the two townships 
granted to the Ohio University. It has 5 stores, 
cap. $5,000 ; 3 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $3,200. 5 sch. 130 scholars. Pop. 1,451. 

Ale.xandersville, p-v., Montgomery co., 
O., 7 below Dayton, on the 3Iiami canal, 74 w. 
s. w. Columbus, 469 W. 

Alexandria, p-t., Grafton co., N. H., 34 n. w. 
Concord, 515 W. It has 2,000 acres of rich in- 
terval land on its streams, while other parts are 
rough. It contains 2 stores, cap. $5,000 ; 1 wol- 
len fac, 1 fulUng m., 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $8,185. 14 sch. 394 scholars. Pop.1,284. 

Alexandria, p-t., Jefferson co., N. Y., 20 n. 
Watertown, 195 n. w. Albany, 447 W. To this 
town belong a part of the Thousand islands in the 
St. Lawrence r. opposite to it. The shore of the 
St. Lawrence is here high and picturesque. The 
military road from Platlsburg to Sacketts Harbor 
leads centrally through the towii. It has several 
good mill streams. It contains 6 stores, cap. 
!tS19,200 ; 1 giist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
Spl4,505. 6 sch. 135 scholars. Pop. 3,475. 

Alexandria, \)-h., Porter t., Huntingdon co., 
Pa., 98 w. Harrisburg, 157 W. It contains 2 
churches, 70 dwellings, 7 stores, cap. $-26,400 ; 
2 tanneries, 1 brewery, 1 grist m. Cap. m manu- 
fac $17,100. Pop. 575. 

Alexandria t., Hunterdon co., N. J., 12 n. e. 
Flemington. It contains 33,000 acres, and has 
several post villages ; 10 stores, cap. $66,000 ; 1 
fulling m., 3 tanneries, 5 distilleries, 1 ropewalk, 
6 flouring m., 4 grist m., 10 saw ni., 3 oil m. Cap. in 
manufac. $139,955. 9 sch. 420 scholars. Pop. 3,420. 

Alexandria, p-o., St. Albans t.. Licking co., 
O., 40 E. by N. Columbus, 379 W. 

Alexandria city, seaport and capital of Alex- 
andria CO., D. C, 43 s. s. vv. Baltimore, 115 n. 
Richmond, 7 W. 38° 48' N. lat. 0° 3' w. Ion. W. 
It is finely situated on the w. side of the Potomac, 
which has a depth of water here sufficient for 
vessels of the largest class. The population in 
1800 was 4.196; in 1810, 7,227; in 1820, 8,218; 
in 1830, 8,263 ; in 1840, 8,459. The city is consid- 
erably elevated, ascending gradually from the r; 
the streets cross each other at right angles. The 
public buildings are a court house, and 10 churches 
—2 Presbyterian, 2 Episcopal, 2 Methodist, I Bap- 
tist, 1 Friends, 1 colored Methodist, and 1 Roman 
Catholic. The city has considerable shipping, 
and exports wheat, "Indian corn, and tobacco, to a 
considerable amount. The tonnage of the port 
in 1840, was 14,470. The Chesapeake and Ohio 
canal extends to this place, and may be expected 
to add to its prosperity. It has 2 banks, with an 
aggregate cap. of $l,O0t),000, and 1 fhe, and 1 
marme msurance co. It is governed by a mayor 
and a common council of 16 members. It has 8 
acad. 296 students, 10 sch. 224 scholars. 

Alexandria, comity, comprises all that part 
of the District of Columbia which lies w. of the 
Potomac, and formerly belonged to Virginia. 
The soil is generally thin, and the surface un- 



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even. It contains about 36 sq. m. A bridge, of 
over a mile in length, connects it with Washing- 
ton city. The laws of Virginia are in force here, 
tinless superseded by the special enactments of 
the general govennnent. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 989, sheep 263, swine 1,190 ; wheat 
4,334 bushels produced, rye 2,798, Ind. corn 
18,800, oats 9,091, potatoes 6,283; 156 stores, cap. 
$1,528,450 , 5 tanneries, 1 pottery, 1 rope walk, 3 
grist m., 1 daily newspaper. Cap. in manufac. 
$474,400. Pop. 1830, 9,608 ; 1840, wliites 6,731, 
slaves 1,374, free colored 1,862 ; total, 9,967. 

Alexandria, p-v., Campbell cc, Ky., 85 
Frankfort, 506 W. 

Alexandria, p-v., De Kalb co., Tenn.,15 s. Car- 
thage, 50 E. Nashville, 640 W. It is on Lickneus 
or. 15 ms. Cumberland r. It has 2 stores, 2 
churches— 1 Campbellite, and 1 Methodist— and 
about 250 inhabitants. 

Alexandria, p-o., Madison cc, la., 48 n. n. 
E. Indianapolis, 556 W. 
Alexandria, p-o., Clark cc, Mo. 
Alexandria, p-c, Benton co., Ala., 129 n. e. 
Tuscaloosa, 727 W. 

Alexandria, p-v., and capital of Rapides 
Parish, La., 291 n. w. New Orleans, 1,210 W. It 
is situated on Red r., a little below the lower rapids. 
The houses are on a .single street, along the river. 
It has a court house, jail, and printing office. 

Alexandriana, p-v., Mecklenburg co., N. C, 
161 s. w. by w. Raleigh, 398 W. 

Alford, p-t., Berkshire co., Mass., 14 s. by w. 
Lenox, 24 e. Hudson, N. Y., 14 Boston, 361 W. 
Incorporated in 1773. It is watered by Green r. 
and branches, which enter the Housatonic. It 
has 1 store, cap. $2,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 
grist m., 2 saw m. ; 4 sch. 144 scholars. Pop. 481. 
Alfordbville, p-v., Robeson co., N. C., 107 
s. s. AV. Raleigh, 395 W. 

Alfred, p-o., Meigs co., O., 101 s. e. by s. Co- 
lumbus, 328 W. 

Alfred, p-t., York co., Me., one of the shire 
towns of the co., 24 n. by w. York, 35 s. w. Port- 
land, 78 s. w. Augusta, 517 W. Incorporated 
1808. There is a society of Shakers hi the tovm. 
The soil is good, and well watered. It has 7 stores, 
cap. $14,500 ; 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 3 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $4,352. 1 acad. 35 students, 10 
sch. 397 scholars. Pop. 1,408. 

Alfred, p-t., Alleghany co., N. Y., 12 s. E. 
Angelica, 249 w. s.w. Albany, 321 W. Tlie N. 
York and Erie railroad is to pass through it. It is 
watered by several mill streams. It has 4 stores, 
cap. $20,000 ; 1 fulling m.,2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 
3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,400. Pop. 1,630. 
Algansi, t., Branch co., Mich., contains 1 
saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $1,000. 3 sch. 45 
scholars. Pop. 424. 

Allamuchy, p-o., Warren co., N. J., 66 n. by 
w. Trenton, 'izl W. 

Allatoona, p-o., Cass CO., Ga., 130 n. w. Mil- 
ledgeville, 659 W. 

Allegan, county, Mich., lies on the west bor- 
der of the state, on Lake Michigan, was organized 
in 1835, and contains 840 sq. ms. It is watered 
by the Kalamazoo, Black, and Rabbit rs. The 
surface is undulating. On the lake shore the soil 
is sandy, on the rivers a rich alluvion ; and m other 
parts a mixture of clay and sand. Lumber is ex- 
tensively manufactured. Chief town, Allegan. 
There were 1840, neat cattle 1,511, sheep 107, 
swine 2.266; wheat 13,815 bush, produced, Ind. 
corn 14,735, oats 15,424, potatoes 23,792, sugar 
118,845 pomids, lumber valued at $97,700; 1 fur- 
nace, 1 tannery, 2 flouring m., 1 grist m., 15 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $213,375. 1 acad. 15 stu- 
dents, 12 sch. 305 scholars. Pop. 1,783. 



Allegan, p-t., and capital of Allegan co., Mich., 
is situated on both sides of the Kalamazoo r., con- 
nected by 2 bridges, 161 vv. by n. Detroit, 626 
W. It is at the head of navigation, and has good 
water power. It has an elevated location, on a 
dry, sandy soil, and commands a fine prospect. 
It has 1 furnace, 1 flouring m., 4 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $89,100. 1 acad. 15 students, 3 sch. 61 
scholars. Pop. 634. 

Alleghany, r., the principal head branch of 
the Ohio r., which see. 

Alleghany or Appallachian AIountains, 
constitute a range of great length, and from 50 to 
200 ms. in breadth, and reach from the Cattskill 
mountains in the state of New York, their most 
elevated part, to Georgia. The course of this 
great chain is nearly parallel with the Atlantic, 
and about from 50 to 130 ms. distant from it; and 
it consists of a number of parallel ridges, denom- 
inated the Blue Ridge, North mountain, Jackson's 
mountain. Laurel mountain, Cumberland moun- 
tain, &c. These mountains, for the most part, are 
not over 2,500 feet high, and they divide the wa- 
ters which flow into the Atlantic on the e., from 
those which flow into the Mississippi and the lakes 
to the N. and w. These ridges rarely presentnaked 
summits, but are generally wooded to the top ; 
and between the ridges are often valleys of fertile 
land, though the coimtry among them is generally 
rocky and rough. They consist of granite, gneiss, 
mica and clay slate, primitive limestone, &c. 

Allegany, county, N. Y., is one of the south- 
em tier of comities, being bounded s. by Pennsyl- 
vania. It was taken from Genesee co. in 1806. 
It is watered by Genesee r., which flows nearly 
through the middle of it, from s. to n., and a num- 
ber of smaller streams or creeks, wliich flow into 
it on each side. The valley of the Genesee con- 
tains much excellent land, and the country on each 
side rises, and in the e. and w. part of the co. 
consists of an elevated table land, from 1,500 to 
2,500 feet above tide water in the Hudson r. The 
area of the county is about 1,185 sq. ms. Tlie 
Genesee Valley canal passes tlirough the county, 
from s. to N., and commences at Olean, in Catta- 
raugus CO., on the Alleghany r., and will form a 
line of communication from the Erie canal at Ro- 
chester to Pittsburg. The New York and Erie 
railroad will also pas.s through this county by a 
circuitous course, from E. to w. The soil of this 
county is generally fertile, but better adapted to 
grazing than to grain. Among the minerals are 
limestone and bog iron ore. The growth of tim- 
ber is large, consisting of oak, maple, beech, bass- 
wood, ash, elm, and white and yellow pine, and 
hemlock, the last 3 behig found chiefly in the s. 
part. Capital, Angelica. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 45,864, sheep 129,655, swuie 30,043 ; 
wheat 232,471 bush, produced, buckwlieat 20,068, 
Ind. corn 60,137, potatoes 583,945, oats 354,566 ; 
13 stores, cap. $376,400 ; 24 fulling m., 4 woollen 
fac, 31 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 3 flouring m., 36 
grist m., 204 saw m., 1 oil m., 6 furnaces, 3 print- 
ing offices, 2 weekly papers. Cap. in manufac. 
$403,370. Pop. in 1830, 26,218 ; ui 1840, 40,975. 

Alleghany, comity. Pa. This important coun- 
ty lies on the w. border of Pennsylvania, and con- 
tains the Monongahela and Alleghany rs., where 
they unite to i'onn the Ohio, whiih runs 14 ms. in 
tills county. Pittsburg, its capital, situated at the 
confluence of these rivers, is one of the most im- 
portant places oi' the west. The country, though 
hilly, is fertile, and the natural growth' is dense 
and large. The agriculture, manufactures and 
commerce of the county are in a very flomishing 
state. There were in 1840, neat cattle 21,512, 
sheep 56,459, swine 34,635 ; wheat 461,167 bush. 



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29 



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produced, rye 53,015, buckwheat 29,894, Ind. com 
289,797, potatoes 409,2 10, oats 770,378. It contains 7 
commer. houses, in for. tr., and 32 com. $1,241,1 10; 
551 stores, cap. $4,389,290 ; 5 fulling m., 5 woollen 
fac, 5 cotton fac, 17,270 sp., 32 tanneries, 14 dis- 
tilleries, 6 breweries, 17 glass houses, 1 pottery, 
37 flouring m., 52 grist m., 81 saw m., 2 oil m., 28 
furnaces, 18 printing ofllces, 4 daily and 11 weekly 
newspapers, 10 periodicals. Cap. in manufac. 
$3,554,562. It has 2 colleges, 81 students, 21 acad. 
1,186 students, 202 sch. 10,281 scholars. Pop. in 
1830, 40,506; in 1840, 81,235. 

Alleghany, county, Md., lies in the extreme 
western part of the state. The main branch of 
the Alleghany mountains passes tlirough it, and 
its surface is extremely rough and broken, though 
much of the soil is fertile. It Ibrms the dividing 
ridge whence the Yougliiogeny proceeds n. w. 
into the Monongahela ; and the head branch of 
the Potomac proceeds s. w. toward the Atlantic. 
It is by this route that the Chesapeake and Ohio 
canal and the Baltimore and Oliio railroad are to 
proceed. The great national road, constructed by 
the general government, at a great expense, and 
leading into the western states, commences at 
Cumberland, the capital of tliis co. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 10,031, sheep 13,763, swine 
1 1,490 ; wheat 86,648 bush, produced, Ind. corn 
121,747, potatoes 87,193, oats 213,581 ; 63 stores, 
cap. $211,400 ; 2 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 8 tan- 
neries, 8 distilleries, 11 flouring m., 18 grist m., 
44 saw m., 1 oil m., 1 furnace, 2 printing offices, 
3 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $99,410. 
Pop. in 1830, 10,609 ; in 1840, 15,690, of which 812 
were slaves. 

Alleghany county, Va., lies in the central part 
of the state, among the Alleghany momitains, and 
is dramed by the head waters of James r. It con- 
tams an area of 521 sq. ms. Soil is rich on the 
streams, and on the "rich patch mountain" is 
highly productive, and densely populated. On 
the other mountains, the land i.s poor, and covered 
with pmes. A stream issuing from a spring, 
after a short, tranquil course, has a fall of 180 feet, 
and proceeds fi-om cataract to cataract, until its 
entrance mto Jackson's r. The passage of Jack- 
son's r. tlu-ough Waite's mountain, is regarded as 
a curiosity. Its moimtainous situation, and great 
elevation, give it a cooler temperature than might 
be expected from its latitude. Capital, Covington. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 2,686, sheep 3,647, 
swine 4,578; wheat 25,449 bush, produced, rye 
9,142, Ind. com 70,828, oats 58,860, potatoes 9,372, 
tobacco 42,500 pounds ; 5 stores, cap. $2,400 ; 4 
tanneries, 5 distilleries, 1 pottery, 4 flourhig m., 
20 grist m., 21 saw m., 1 furnace. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $28,890. 5 sch. 88 scholars. Pop. 1830, 
2,816 ; 1840, wlutes 2,142, slaves 547, free col'd 
60 ; total, 2,749. 

Alleghany, t, Armstrong co.. Pa. The sur- 
face is hilly ; soil, generally lean. Drained by 
Kiskiminitas and Crooked crs. It contains salt 
works, and has 5 stores, cap. $9,600 ; 1 tannery, 

1 distillery, 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $8,300. Pop. 1,839. 

Alleghany, t., Himtingdon co.. Pa., surface 
mountainous ; soil red shale, and fertile in the val- 
leys. Drained principally by Beaverdam, branch 
of the Susquehanna r. It has 6 stores, cap. $42,000 ; 

2 woollen fac, 1 furnace, 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 
20 saw m. Cap. in manufac $14,223. Pop. 2,225. 

Alleghany, t., Venango co.. Pa. The siu-lace 
is hilly ; soil, gravel. Drained by Stewart's and 
Hickory crs. It has 3 stores, cap. $4,000 ; 2 tan- 
neries, 1 pottery, 3 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $8,300. 4 sch. 108 scholars. Pop. 804. 

Alleghany, t., Somerset co.. Pa. The surfece 



is very hilly ; soil, reddish gravel. Drained by 
Willis's and Rush crs. It has 1 store, cap. $500 , 

1 tannery, 1 distillery, 3 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $2,910. Pop. 633. 

Alleghany, t.. Potter co.. Pa. Pop. 238. 

Alleghany, t., Westmoreland co., Pa., on the 
E. bank of the Alleghany r., and has Kiskiminitas 
r. on the n. e. It has 5 stores, cap. $3,400 ; 6 
flouring m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manuiac. $24,000. 
11 sch. 343 scholars. Pop. 2,641. 

Alleghany, t., (and I.oretto v.) Cambria co., 
Pa. It has 3 stores, cap. $6,100 ; 1 tannery, 1 potte- 
ry, 2 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,877. 
7 sch. 256 scholars. Pop. 1,217. 

Alleghany, city, Ross t., Alleghany co., Pa., 
(see Pittsburg.) It has 58 stores, cap. $83,400; 
9 lumber yards, 3 cotton fac, 14,270 sp., 2 tanne- 
ries, 1 furnace, 1 brewery, 1 rope walk. Cap. in 
manufac. $726,640. Pop. 10,089 

Allemance, p-v., Guilford co , N. C, 69 w. n. 
w. Raleigh, 303 W. 

Allen, t., Noble co., la. 1 sch. 18 scholars. 
Pop. 179. 

Allen, p-t., Cumberland co.. Pa., 18 w. s. w. 
Harrisburg, 102 W. It has 6 stores, cap. $26,500 ; 

2 fulling m. Cap. in manufac. $3,175. Pop. 2,122. 

Allen, t.. Dark co., O. Pop. 194. 

Allen, t., Northampton co., Pa. It has 2 Lu- 
theran churches, and several mills, and contains 
11 stores, cap. $47,000; 2 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 
6 flourhig m., 4 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. 
in manufac. $72,000. 1 acad. 50 students, 7 sch. 
275 scholars. Pop. 2,547. 

Allen, county, O., in the n. w. part of the state. 
It occupies the height of land between Lake Erie 
and the Oliio r. Watered cliiefly by Auglaize 
r. The county contains 554 sq. ms., and the soil 
is fertile. Capital, Lima. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 9,085, sheep 3,723, swine 18,869; 
wheat 60,521 bush, produced, rye 3,204, Ind. corn 
168,545, oats 53,272, potatoes 63,119, sugar 106,744 
pounds ; 19 stores, cap. 20,500 ; 4 tanneries, 2 dis- 
tilleries, 7 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$19,565. 19 sch. 418 scholars. Pop. 9,079. 

Allen, county, la., in the n. e. part of the state. 
It was organized in 1824, and contains 650 sq. 
ms. The surface is level, the soil is fertile, and 
the coimtry is well timbered. Some wet prairies 
abound with gi-ass, which forms a kind of winter 
pasture for cattle, and a partial substitute for hay. 
St. Joseph's r. from the n. and St. Mary's from 
the s. unite at Fort Wayne, and form the JVIaumee 
r., which proceeds eastvi'ardly to Lake Erie. The 
Wabash and Erie canal, connecting Lake Erie at 
Toledo, with the Oliio at Evansville, passes through 
this county. Capital, Fort Wayne. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 3,654, sheep 924, swine 8,524 ; 
wheat 34,819 bush, produced, Ind. corn 84,275, 
potatoes 34,056, sugar 24,865 pounds ; 5 for. com. 
houses, cap. $16,000; 36 stores, cap. $180,200; 1 
tannery, 1 distillery, 1 brewery, 1 pottery, 3 flour- 
ing m., 2 grist m., 14 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 
weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $67,300. 
32 sch. 920 scholars. Pop. 5,942. 

Allen, county, on the s. border of Ky., has a 
level surface, and a soil moderately good. The 
Big Barren r., a branch of Green r., runs on its 
eastern and northern border, by the branches of 
which it is watered. Capital, Scottsville. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 8,051, sheep 11,419, swine 
28,165; wheat 47,157 bush, produced, Ind. com 
312,665, oats 103,418, potatoes 16,117, tobacco 
508,870 pounds, cotton 17,869, sugar 35,113; 11 
stores, cap. $19,800; 2 tarmeries, 49 distilleries, 
6 flouring m., 3 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $8,850. 5 sch. 104 scliolars. Pop. whites 
6,375, slaves 935, free col'd 19 ; total, 7,329. 



ALM 



30 



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Allen, t., Hillsdale co., Mich., 2 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $4,000. 3 .sch. 96 scholars. Pop. 466. 

Allen Centre, p-o., in Allen t., Alleghany 
CO., N. Y. The town is 7 n. Angelica, 268 w. by 
s. Albany, 341 W. The surface is undulating, 
and the soil clay and sandy loam. It has 1 store 
cap. $2,500 ; 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,000. 
Pop. 867. 

Allen's, p-o., Miami co., O., 62 w. Columbus, 
456 W. 

Allen's Bridge, p-o., Marlborough dist., S. C, 
148 N. E. Columbus, 437 W. 

Allen's Ferrv, p-o., Cannon co.,Tenn., 67 s. 
K. by E. Nashville, 614 W. 

Allen's Fresh, p-o., Charles co., Md., 81 s. s. 
w. Anna(K)lis, 41 W. 

Allen's Hill, p-o., Richmond t., Ontario co., 
N. Y., 217 w. Albany, 354 W. It has a church, 
2 stores, 12 dwellings. 

Allen's Settlement, p-o., Claiborne par., 
La., 396 n. w. N. Orleans, 1,266 W. 

Allen's Station, p-o., Hawkins co., Term., 
246 NashvUIe, 456 W. 

Allenstown, p-t., Merrimac co., N. H., 10 s 
E. Concord, 480 W. It is on the Suncook r., soil 
moderately good, with growth of oak and pine 
timber. Licorporated 1831 ; 4 sch. 106 scholars. 
Pop. 445. 

Allensville, p-o., Mifflen co., Pa^ 76 n. w. 
Harrisburg, 157 W. 

Allensville, p-o., Jackson co., O., 72s. byE, 
Columbus, 373 W. 

Allensville, p-o., Todd co., Ky., 186 s. w. 
Frankfort, 710 W. 

Allensville, p-o., Switzerland co., la., 102 s. 
s. e. Indianapolis, 534 W. 

Allensville, p-o., Forsyth co., Ga., 115 n. n. 
w. Milledgeville, 647 W. 

Allentown, p-v., Wilcox CO., Ala., Ills. Tus- 
caloosa, 903 W. 

Alle.vtown, p-v., in Upper Freehold t, Mon- 
mouth CO., N. J,, 12 K. by n. Trenton, 178 W. 
It has 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist church, 1 
grist ra., 2 saw m., a cotton fac, and some good 
frame and brick houses. The village is pleasant, 
but the land around is not very good. 

Allentown, p-b., (called also Northampton,) 
capital of Leliigh co., Pa., 87 E. N. e. Harrisburg, 
180 W. It contains 15 st<jres, cap. $231,600 ; 2 
tanneries, 1 pottery, 4 printing offices, 4 weekly 
newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $55,410. 1 acad. 
30 students, 7 sch. 425 scholars. Pop. 2,493. 

Alligator, p-o., Columbia co., Flor., 110 s. e. 
by e. Tallahassee, 851 W. 

Allinsonville, p-o., Marion co., la., 19 n. by 
E. Indianapolis, 571 W. 

Allison, t., Clinton co.. Pa., has 6 stores, cap. 
$27,500 ; 1 tannery, 1 brewery, 2 printing offices, 
2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $4,835. 

1 sch. 70 scholars. Pop. 643. 

Alloway, p-v., Lyons t., Wayne co., N. Y., 
183 w. n. w. Albany, 354 W. It is on the e. side 
of Canandaigua outlet, 3 ms. s. of the village of 
Lyons. It has 1 church, 2 stores, 2 ilouring m., 

2 saw m., 2 distilleries, 2 cloth-dressing works, 
and 40 dwellings. Pop. 300. 

Alloway's Creek, Salem co., N. J., rises in 
this CO., and falls into the Delaware r. 6 ms. s. of 
Salem. It is 20 ms. long, and navigable 12 ms. 
for wood boats. 

Allowaystown, p-v., Salem co., N. J., 60 s. 
S. w. Trenton, 171 W. It contains 1 Baptist and 
1 Methodist church, 4 or 5 stores, and 70 or 80 
dwellings. Two large saw m. are chiefly era- 
ployed in cutting ship timber. 

Almirante, p-o., Walton co., Flor., 132 w. 
Tallahassee. 



Almond, p-t., Alleghany co., N. Y., 14 e. An- 
gelica, 240 w. by s. Albany. "The surface is un- 
even, and the soil generally a fertile clay loam. 
Watered by Canisteo r. The v. has 1 Pr"e.sbyte- 
rian and 1 Baptist church, 60 dwellings, and 400 
uihabitants. In the t. are 4 stores, cap, $24,000 ; 
1 fulling m., 1 tainiery, 1 grist m., 3 saw m., 1 
furnace. Cap. in manufac. $4,000. It has 12 
sch. 565 scholars. Pop. 1,434. 

Ai.na, p-t., Lincoln co.. Me., 10 n. Wiscasset, 
20 s. by E. Augusta, 598 W. It was incorporated 
in 1794, with the name of New Milford. The 
Sheepscot r. passes through it. It has 6 stores, 
cap. $5,800 ; 1 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 2 grist m., 
4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,250. Pop. 990. 

Alp.s, p-v., Nassau t., Rensselaer co., N. Y., 
24 E. by s. Albany, 384 W. It contains 1 store 
and 30 dwellings. Pop. 200. 

Alquina, p-o., Fayette co., la., 65 e. s. e. Indian- 
apolis, 521 W. 

Alsace, t., Berks co.. Pa. Situated on the e. 
side of Schuylldll r. The surface is mountain- 
ous, and the soil calcareous and productive. Wa- 
tered by Roush's cr., which affords water power. 
There are 2 churches, common to the Lutherans 
and Presbyterians. It has 2 fulling m., 4 grist m., 

3 saw m. Pop. 2,498. 

Alstead, p-t., Cheshire co., N. H., 14 n. Keene, 
66 w. by s. Concord, 450 W. It is watered by 
Cold r. and the branches of Ashuelot r. It was 
chartered in 1763 under the name of Newton. It 
has a good soil, which is well cultivated. It has 

4 stores, cap. $12,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 
grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $51,060. 2 
acad. 59 students, 14 sch. 454 scholars. Pop. 
1,454. 

Altiiea, p-o., Morgan co.. 111., 45 w. by s. 
Springfield, 825 W. 

Alton, p-t., Belknap co., N. H., 28 n. e. Con- 
cord, 25 n. w. Dover, 509 W. It lies on Lake 
Winnepisiogee, a bay of which extends 1,800 rods 
into the town, and receives Merrymeeting r. Tho 
soil is uneven and rough, but productive ; and the 
natural growth is oak, beech, maple, and pine. 
It was settled in 1770, and incorporated ui 1796, 
originally called New Durham Gore. It contains 
7 stores, cap. $9,300 ; 1 grist m., 25 sch. 798 scho- 
lars. Pop. 2,002. 

Alton, p-v., Sodus t, Wayne co., N. Y., 219 
N. w. Albany, 367 W. It is on the ridge road, 
13 N. w. Lyons. It has 1 store, 3 saw m., and 25 
dwellings. Pop. 150. 

Alton, p-o., Franklin co., O., 9 n. Columbus, 
402 W. 

Alton, p o.. Dearborn co., la., 89 s. e. Indian- 
apolis, 540 W. 

Alton, p-t. and city, Madison co.. 111., 82 w. 
by s. Springiield, 808 W., is situated on the e. 
bank of the Mississippi, 2i ms. above the mouth 
of the Missouri, 18 ms. below the mouth of the 
Illinois. In commercial advantages it is second 
to no town in the state. It has tlie best landing 
lor steamboats on the k. bank of the Mississippi 
A flat rock, level with the surface of the ground, 
forms an excellent natural wharf. The finest 
timber surrounds it for several miles, which will 
furnish a vast amount of lumber. Bituminous 
coal exists in great abimdance, near the town. 
Limestone, freestone, and water limestone, exist 
in abundance. The corporate bounds of the city 
extend 2 miles along the river, and half a mile 
back. There are 5 squares reserved for public 
purposes, and a large reservation at the landing 
place. Market-street is 150 feet wide, and other 
streets from 60 to 180 feet, regularly laid out. 

There are 6 churches, several of which are 
latge and handsome. The Baptists, Presbyteri- 



A ME 



81 



AMH 



ans, Methodists, Protestant Methodists, Episcopa- 
lians, Unitarians, and German Evangelical church, 
have each a place of worship. There is a bank, 
an insurance office, a Lyceum, and a mechanics' 
association. Depositories of the bible, tract, tem- 
perance and Simday school societies are kept in 
a large building, erected for the purpose. 7 or 8 
steamboats are ovraed here. The growth of this 
place has been exceedingly rapid. There were 
in 1840, 4 for. com. houses, cap. $22,000 ; 38 stores, 
cap. $319,800; 1 brewery, 1 flouring m., 3 saw 
m., 3 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers, and 1 
periodical. Cap. in manufac. $80,175. 8 sch. 
253 scholars. Pop. 2,340. 

Alton Hill, p-o.. Smith co., Tenn. 

Alum Bank, p-o., Bedford co., Pa., 117 w. s. 
w. Harrisburg, 143 W. 

Alum Creek, p-o., Delaware co., O., 31 Co- 
lumbus, 401 W. 

AiMAGANSETT, p-v.. East Hampton t., Suffolk 
CO., N. y., near the e. extremity of Long Island. 
Contams 35 dwellings. 

A.iiANDA, p-o., Greenup co., Ky., 156 e. n. e. 
Frankfort, 419 W. 

Amanda, t., Hancock co., O., drained by the 
head waters of Blanchard's fork of the Auglaize 
r. It has 3 sch. 15S scholars. Pop. 490. 

Amanda, p-t., Fairfield co., O., 12 e. Circleville, 
SB s. s. E. Columbus, 34S W. It is watered by 
Clear or., and has a good soil. Pop. 1.987. 

Amanda, t., Allen co., O., is a good township of 
land. The Auglaize r. passes centrally through 
it. Contains 1 sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 280. 

Amandaville, p-o., Elbert co., Ga., 108 n. by 
E. Milledgeville, 5iv2 W. 

Amazon, p-o., Boone co., III., 212 n. by e. 
Springfield, 784 W. 

Amber, p-v., Olisco t., Onondaga co., N. Y., 
142 w. N. w. Albany, 33G W. Situated near Olis- 
co lake, containing 1 church, 2 stores, and 15 
dwellings. Pop. 100. 

Ambov, p-t., Oswego co., N. Y., 80 e. Oswego, 
137 Albany. 336 W. The surface is level, and 
the soil a rich loam, well adapted both to grain 
and grazing. It is watered by Salmon and Scriba 
crs. It has 2 stores, cap. $1,600 ; 1 tannery, 2 
grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,300. 11 
sch. 331 scholars. Pop. 1,070. 

Amboy, p-o., Ashtabula co., O., 217 N. e. Co- 
lumbus, 344 W. 

Amboy, p-o., Lapier co., Mich., 49 n. by w. 
Detroit, 574 W. 

Amboy Perth, city, N.J. (See Perth Amboy.) 

Amboy, t., Lucas co., O. It has 1 grist m., 7 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $17,000. 5 sch. 186 
scholars. Pop. 452. 

Ambrosia, p-o., Lee co., Iowa, s. of Iowa city. 

Amelia, p-o., Clermont co., O., 123 s. s. w. 
Columbus, 494 W. 

Amelia, county, Va., central in the e. part of the 
state. The surface is agreeably diversified, the 
soil of an ordinary quality. It is drained by 
branches of the Appomattox r. It contains an 
area of 300 sq. ms. Neat cattle 6,029, sheep 7,708, 
swine 12,664, wheat 50,637, Ind. com 244,785, 
oats 106,466, potatoes 57,699, tobacco 1,871,134 
pounds, cotton 6,015; 13 stores cap. $42,1(X); 1 
tannery, 3 flouring m., 18 grist m., 1 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $20,650. 2 acad. .50 students, 
7 sch. 156 scholars. Pop. 1830, 11,031 ; in 1&40, 
whites 3,074, slaves 7,023, free col'd 223 ; total, 
10,320. Capital, Amelia. 

Amelia, p-v., capital, Amelia co., Va., 45 s. 
w. by w. Richmond, 162 W. It contains a court 
house and other comity buildings, a few dwell- 
ings, and several mechanic shops. 

Amelia Island, Flor., in the n. e. part of the 



Ter., Nassau co. It is 15 ms. long, and 4 wide. 
Femandma, a town at the n. w. end, was once 
the capital of Nassau co., and a flourishing place, 
but it has greatly declined. The land is gener- 
ally fertile. 

Amenia, p-t., Dutchess co., N. Y., 20 e. n. e. 
Poughkeepsie, 70 s. by E. Albany, 324 W. Tiie 
surface is much diversified, having the Taugh- 
kannic mountains on the e. and the Fishkill 
range on the s. w. with a considerable valley be- 
tween, through which flow several tributaries of 
the Housatoiiic. Marble, magnetic iron ore, and 
some mineral springs, are found here. It has 8 
stores, cap. $23,000 ; 2 fulling m., 2 flouring m., 4 
grist m., 7 saw m., 1 furnace. Cap. in manufac. 
$37,700. 1 acad. 249 students, 5 sch. 159 scho- 
lars. Pop. 2,179. 

Amenia Union, p-v., in the above, 65 s. by e. 
Albany, 328 W. Contains 2 churches, 2 stores, 
1 cotton lac, 1 woollen fac, 1 saw m., and 35 
dwellings. 

Ameniaville, v., Amenia t., Dutchess co., N. 
Y., 25 E. N. e. Poughkeepsie. It has 3 churches, 
a Presbyterian, a Baptist and a Methodist, an 
academy, 3 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. and 40 
dwellings. Pop. 200. 

America, p-v., Wabash co., la., 81 n. by e. 
Indianapolis, 570. W. 

Americus, p-v., and capital of Sumpter co., 
Ga., 104 s. s. w. MilledgpviUe, 760 W. It lies 16 
w. Flint r., and contams a court house, an acade- 
my, 7 stores, and about 100 buildings. 

Americus, p-o., Tippecanoe co., la., 73 n. vv. 
Indianapolis, 631 W. 

Ames, p-v., Canajoharie t., Montgomery co., N. 
Y., 56 N. w. Albany, 395 W. It contains 2 
churches, an academy, 1 store, 1 grist m., and 25 
dwellings. Pop. 175. 

Amesbury, p-t., Essex co., Mass., 44 n. e. 
Boston, 475 W., on the n. side of the Merrimac 
A pond, covering about 1,000 acres, 90 feet above 
tide water, furnishes, by its outlet, an extensive 
water power. Powow r. nms through it, and 
furnishes mill seats. This river is navigable to 
the falls, and large sliips are built here, and 
floated through the 3Ierriniac to the ocean. There 
are in the t., 15 stores, cap. $18,170 ; 10 fulling 
m., 2 woollen fac, 3 tanneries, 1 pottery, 4 grist 
m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $246,715. 1 
acad. 40 students, 15 com. sch. 646 scholars. 
Pop. 2,471. 

Amesville, p-v., Ames t., Athens co., O., 84 
s. E. Columbus, 327 W. In Ames t. are 1 store, 
cap. $1,000 ; 3 saw m., 9 schools, 218 scholars. 
Pop. 1,431. 

Amesville, p-o., Boone co.. 111., 224 n. by e. 
Springfield, 783 W. 

Amherst, p-t., Hancock co.. Me., 113 Augus'.a, 
695 W. 1 saw m., 2 sch. 54 scholars. Pop. 196. 

Amherst, p-t., capital of Hillsborough co., N. 
IL, 3J s. Concord, 459 W. Souhegan, a branch 
of the Merrimac, funii.'^hes a fine water power. 
Incorporated 1760. It has 6 stores, cap. $14,800 ; 
1 tannery, 1 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $25,425 ; 11 sch. 512 scholars. Pop. 1,565. 

Amherst, p-t., Hampshire co., 3Is., 82 w. Bos- 
ton, 7 E. by N. Northampton, 385 W. 2 branches 
of Connecticut r., furnish good water power. 
It had in 1840, 14 stores, cap. $48,000 ; 2 woollen 
fac, 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $62,400. It was separated from Hadley, and 
incorporated in 1759. It is the seat of Amherst Col- 
lege, a highly flourishing institution, which was 
founded in 1821, and incorporated in 1825. It has a 
President and 10 Professors, or other instructors. 
The vjhole number of alumni is 613, of whom 
1 137 have been ministers of the gospel. It has 



AMI 



32 



ANA 



(1841) 157 students, and 15,000 volumes in its 
libraries. Its philosophical apparatus is very 
complete, and it has a fine cabinet of natural his- 
tory, including mineralogy. The necessary ex- 
penses are from $113 to $137 annually. The 
rooms of indigent students are supplied with fur- 
niture. The commencement is on the 4th Wed- 
nesday of August. The buildings are conveni- 
ent and commanding. The institution has been 
supported chiefly by private liberality. Amherst 
has 2 parishes, in each of which is a pleasant 
village, and a Congregational church. It has 1 
acad. 87 students, 8 sch. 586 scholars. Pop. 2,550. 

Amherst, t., Erie cc, N. Y., 10 n. e. Buffalo, 
283 w. Albany. The surface is undulating, and 
the soil indifferent. Tonawanda cr. runs on its 
N. boundary, and EUicott's cr. flows through its 
centre. 10 stores, cap. $18,7(X); 1 tannery, 1 
brewery, 1 distillery, 2 potteries, 3 flouring ni., 7 
grist m., 1 furnace. Cap. in manufac. $13,900. 
Pop. 2,451. 

Amherst, p-t., Lorain cc, O., 8 w. Elyria, 121 
N. N. E. Columbus, 382 W. The v. has 1 store, 
cap. $2,000, and over 20 dwellings. The t. was 
incorporated in 1829. It has 1 tannery, 1 grist 
m., 6 saw m. Cap in manufac. $2,300. 7 sch. 
272 scholars. Pop. 1,184. 

Amherst, a central county of Va., on the n. 
side of James r. It has an area of 418 sq. ms. 
The country is elevated and finely variegated, 
and the soil tolerably good. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 8,352, sheep 6,235, swine 16,913; 
wheat 112,677 bush, produced, rye 11,051, Ind. 
corn 381,146, oats 145,022, tobacco 2,106,149 
pounds, cotton 2,277 ; 18 stores, cap. $78,300, 7 
tanneries, 24 distilleries, 10 flouring m., 40 grist 
m., 16 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $112,007. 17 
acad. 408 students, 11 sch. 266 scholars. Pop. 
m 1830, 12,072; in 1840, whites 6,426, slaves 
5,577, free col'd 373 ; total, 12,576. 

Amherst, p-o., and capital of Amherst co., 
Va., 15 N. N. E. I^ynchburg, 115 w. Richmond, 
176. W. It contains a court house, jail, and 
county offices, all of brick, 2 stores, 1 tannery, 
15 dwellings, and 130 inhabitants. 

Amissville, p-o., Rappahamiock co., Va., 116 
N. N. w. Richmond, 65 W. 

Amite, a river of La., rises in Miss., and flow- 
ing s. unites with the Ibberville at Galveston, to 
wliich it is navigable, and after a course of 100 
ms., falls into Lake Maurepas. 

Amite, a s. w. county of Miss., has an area of 
900 sq, ms. It is watered by the Amite r. and 
its branches. Good land is found along the 
streams, the rest is uneven and moderately fer- 
tile, well covered with timber. Capital, Liberty. 
Neat cattle 13,904, sheep 5,212, swine 29,428; 
Ind. corn 311,270 bush., oats 18,205, potatoes 
90,212, rice 167,497 pounds, cotton 5,066,605 ; 12 
stores, cap. $50,499 ; 34 grist m., 9 saw m., 2 print- 
ing offices, one weekly newspaper. Cap. in 
manufac. $107,325. 6 acad. 149 students, 11 
com. sch. 199 scholars. Pop. 1830, 7,934 ; 1840, 
whites 3,741, slaves 5,741, free col'd 29; total, 
9,511. 

Amity, p-v., Aroostook co.. Me., 210 n. e. 
Augusta, 805 W. It has 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 2 
sch. 77 scholars. Pop. 169. 

Amity, t., Alleghany co., N. Y., 6 s. Angelica, 
255 w. s. w. Albany. The Genesee r. flows 
through the middle of it from s. to n. On the r. 
the soil is good. It has 2 stores, cap. $9,000 ; 1 
fullmg m., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $9,150. Pop. 1,354. 

Amity, p-v., Washington co.. Pa., 10 s. Wash- 
ington, the capital, 225 Harrisburg, 244 W. 
Amity, t., Erie co., Pa. The surface is hilly ; 



soil, gravelly loam. It contains 1 fulling m., 1 grist 
m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,080. 4 sch. 
175 scholars. Pop. 560. 

Amity, t., Berks co.. Pa. Watered by Mana- 
tawny and Manokesy crs., which afford water 
power. Tliere are 3 churches, belonging to Lu- 
tlierans and Presbyterians ; 4 stores, cap. $18,000 ; 
1 fulhng m., 2 tanneries, 6 grist m., 5 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $2,400. Pop. 1,664. 

Amity, p-v., Orange co., N. Y., 122 s. Albany, 
268 W. It has a Presbyterian church, 2 stores, 
1 select school, and 15 dwellings. Pop. 100. 

Ammonoosuc, (Lower,) r., N. H., rises in the 
Wliite mountains, and after a course of 50 miles, 
enters the Connecticut in Bath. It has a fall of 
50 feet, 6 miles from the Notch in the White 
mountains. 

Ammonoosuc, (Upper,) N. H., has a course of 
50 miles, and enters the Connecticut in North- 
umberland. 

Amorysville, p-o., Gloucester co., Va., 17 e. 
Richmond, 464 W. 

Amoskeag, p-v., and Falls, Hillsborough co., 
N. H., 17 s. by E. Concord, 464 W. The Merri- 
mac r. here falls 54 feet in the distance of a mile 
and a half, furnishing an extensive water power. 
The water is taken out of the river by 2 caTials, 
each a mile in length, for the supply of factories 
and mills. The village is in Goffstown, and has 
considerable manufactures. Boats pass these 
falls by a canal, one mile in length, with 9 locks, 
which cost $50,000. 

Amsterdam, p-v., Amsterdam t., Montgomery 
CO., N. Y., 32 w. Albany, 400 W. The village 
is on the n. side of the Mohawk r., over which is 
a toll-bridge. It has 4 churches, one each for 
Presbyterians, Baptists, Methodists, and Univer- 
salists, 1 bank, an academy, female seminary, 14 
stores, 2 grist m., 2 furnaces, 1 carpet manufac- 
tory, 1 scythe factory, and various otlier manufac- 
tories, 1 printing otHce, &c. The Utica and 
Schenectady railroad passes through the place. 
It has about 250 dweUings. Pop. about 1,700. 
The t. contams 15 stores, cap. $55,500 ; 1 fulling 
m., 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 1 brewery, 2 flouring 
m., 4 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$86,300. It has 1 acad. 130 students, 7 sch. 267 
scholars. Pop. 5,333. 

Amsterdam, p-v., Carroll t., Jefferson co., O., 
131 E. by N. Columbus, 284 W. 

Amsterdam, p-v., Botetourt co., Va., 181 w. 
by s. Richmond, 231 W. It contains 1 church, 
free to all denominations, 1 store, 1 tannery, and 
various mechanic shops. Pop. 120. 

Amsterdam, p-o., Cass co., la., 79 n. by w. 
Indianapolis, 617 W. 

Amsterdam, p-o.. Hinds co.. Miss., 30 Jackson, 
1,042 W. 

Amwell, t., Washington co.. Pa. The sur- 
face is liiUy ; soil, loam. Coal is abundant. Drain- 
ed by branches of Ten Mile cr. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $6,000 ; I tannery, 4 distilleries, 2 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $7,400. 10 sch. 300 scholars. 
Pop. 1,536. 

Amwell, t., Hunterdon co., N. J. The sur- 
face is uneven, and the soil in some parts good. 
Drained by the s. branch of Raritan r. and its 
tributaries. It contains 2 Presbyterian churches ; 
16 stores, cap. $55,800; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen 
fac, 2 tanneries, 6 distilleries, 1 brewery, 1 pot- 
tery, 1 flouring m., 9 grist m., 6 saw m., 1 oil m. 
Cap. in manufac. $40,950. 11 sch. 331 scholars. 
Pop- 3,071. 

Anamickee, county, n. e. part of Mich. Sit- 
uated around Thunder Bay, and w. of Lake Hu- 
ron. Contains about 600 sq. ms. Principal 
stream. Thunder Bay r. (Unorganized.) 



AND 



33 



AND 



Anandale, p-0., Butler co., Pa. 

Anaquascook, p-o., Washington co., N. Y., 
40 N. by E. Albany, 410 W. 

Anastasia, island, Flor., on the e. coast, 18 
ms. long, and about li broad. A signal tower 
on its N. end, is in 29° 50' n. lat. 4° 29' w. Ion. 
from W. 

ANCRAM,p-t., Columbia co.,N. Y., 45 s. S.E.Al- 
bany, 340 W. It is watered by Ancram and 
Punch creeks, on the former of which are ex- 
tensive iron works. Tlie iron works contain 1 
furnace, 2 forges, and 30 or 40 dwellings. The 
iron which is here manufoctured, is distinguished 
for its strength and tenacity, and is extensively 
made into gun-barrels. The ore is prociu-ed in 
the vicinity, most of it from the margin of Salis- 
bury, Conn. The town yields not only iron, but 
also lead ore. The property is generally held 
on life leases, having formerly belonged to 
Livingston's Manor. It has 3 stores, cap. $3,700 ; 
1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 furnace. Cap. in inanu- 
fac. $3,300. 10 sch. 474 scholars. Pop. 1,770. 

Ancram Lead Mines, p-v., in the above t., 
50 s. s. E. Albany, 345 W. Situated on Punch 
creek. It has 1 store, and a few dwellings. A 
rich lead ore exists in the vicinity, but is not 
much wrought. 

Andalusia, p-o., Bucks co., Pa., 113 E. Har- 
risburg, 153 W. 

Anderson, p-o., Ashtabula co., O., 205 n. e. 
Columbus, 321 W. 

Anderson, p-o., Warren co., N. J., 51 n. Tren- 
ton, 212 W. 

Anderson, one of the n. w. districts of S. C, 
lying between the Savannah and Saluda rivers. 
It contains about 800 sq. ms. It forms part of 
what was formerly Pendleton dist., wliich has 
been superseded. It is drained by branches of 
the Savannah and Saluda rivers. Capital, An- 
derson. There were in 1840, neat cattle 18,499, 
sheep 10,387, swine 36,381 ; wheat 106,105 bush. 

groduced, rye 1,511, Ind. com 698,518, oats 
9,988, potatoes 34,575, tobacco 3,875 pounds, 
cotton 2,349,054 ; 20 stores, cap. $54,500 ; 1 cot- 
ton fac, 1,308 sp., 8 tanneries, 26 distilleries, 13 
flouring m., 38 grist m., 29 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $136,973. 5 acad. 233 students, 29 sch. 
687 scholars. Pop. 1830, 17,169; 1840, whites 
12,747, slaves 5,683, free coFd 63 ; total, 18,493. 
Anderson, p-v., capital of Anderson dist., S. 
C, 127 n. w. Columbia, 546 W. The village is 
incorporated, and contains 1 Baptist, 1 Method- 
ist, and 1 Presbyterian church, 2 academies, 6 
stores, and 40 dwellings. Pop. 500. 

Anderson, a central county, Ky., has an area 
of about 170 sq. ms. It is drained by Salt river 
and branches. Capital, LawTcnceburg. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 4,418, sheep 8,518, 
swine 14,237 ; wheat 24,526 bush, produced, rye 
7,685, Ind. corn 221,574, oats 43,823, potatoes 
5,700, tobacco 34,476 ; 5 stores, cap. §39,400 ; 4 
tanneries, 8 distilleries, 9 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $26,115. 7 sch. 175 scholars. Pop. 
1840, whites 4,372, slaves 1,059, free col'd 21 ; 
total, 5,452. 

Anderson, a central county of e. Tenn., has 
an area of 750 sq. ms., with a rough surface and 
a fertile soil. It is watered by Clinch r. Capital, 
Clinton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,428, 
sheep 5,463, swine 18,655 ; wiieat 18,003 bush, 
produced, Ind. corn 335,685, buckwheat 8,360, 
oats 35,665, potatoes 5,440, tobacco 5,402 pounds, 
cotton 8,386, sugar 5,034 ; 7 stores, cap. $22,400 : 
3 tanneries, 18 distilleries, 1 flouring m., 15 grist 
m., 6 saw- m. Cap. in manufac. $2,140. 1 acad. 
14 students. Pop. 1830, 5,310; 1840, whites 
5,218, slaves 425, Iree col'd 15 ; total, 5,658. 



Anderson, t., Hamilton co., O., on the Ohio 
r. It contains the village of Newton, 10 n. e. 
Cincinnati. It embraces all the Virginia military 
lands, which lie in the county. Pop. 2,311. 

Anderson, t.. Rush co., la. 2 sch. 60 scholars. 
Pop. 1,423. 

Andersonburg, p-o.. Perry co.. Pa., 40 n. 
w. Harrisburg, 128 W. 

Anderson Cross Roads, p-o., Macoupin co., 
m., 25 s. by w. Springfield, 797 W. 

Anderson's Store, p-o., Caswell co., N. C, 
81 N. N. w. Raleigh, 277 W. 

Anderson's Store, p-o., Morgan co., O., 83 
s. E. Columbus, 325 W. 

Andersontown, C. H., p-v., capital of Madi- 
son CO., la., 39 N. E. Indianapolis, 548 W. It is 
situated on the s. side of Wlute r. 

Andersonville, p-v., Pickens dist., S. C, 
145 N. w. C'olumbia, 547 W. 

Andersonville, p-o., Cobb co., Ga., 123 n. 
w. Milledgeville, 666 W. 

Andersonville, p-v., Franklin co., la., 53 s. 
e. Indianapolis, 537 W. 

Andes, p-t., Delaware co., N. Y., 87 s. w. Al- 
bany, 344 W. The surface is hilly, and the soil 
adapted to grazing. It is watered by the Papac- 
ton branch of the Delaware, and its tributary 
Tempers kill, &c. The village has 2 churches, 

1 store, and about 20 dwellings. The t. has 6 
stores, cap. $10,950 ; 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 

2 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,400. 
17 sch. 737 scholars. Pop. 2,176. 

Andesville, p-o.. Perry co.. Pa., 33 w. by n. 
Harrisburg, 121 W. 

Andover, p-t., Oxford co.. Me., 62 w. s. w. 
Augusta, 624 W. It was incorporated in 1804. 
It is watered by Ellis' r., a branch of the Andros- 
coggin. The land is of a good quality, and the 
town is surrounded by mountains. It has 1 store, 
cap. $500; 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 6 sch. 105 
scholars. Pop. 551. 

Andover, p-t., Merrimack co., N. H., 22 n. 
w. Concord, 497 W. It is watered by Black- 
water r. The surface is very uneven, and in 
some parts it is rocky and barren, but in other 
parts fertile. It was first settled in 1761, and in- 
corporated by its present name in 1779. There 
is an academy, with a fund of $10,000. It has 3 
stores, cap. $6,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 2 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $5,100. 9 sch. 344 scholars. 
Pop. 1,168. 

Andover, p-t., Windsor co., Vt., 20 s. w. 
Windsor, 91 s. Montpelier, 453 W. It lies on the 
margin of the Green mountains, and the surface 
is imeven and rough, and cliiefly adapted to graz- 
ing. It is watered by the liead branches of Wil- 
liams r. First settled in 1776. It con tarns 1 full- 
ing m., 2 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$2,750. 9 sch. 293 scholars. Pop. 877. 

Andover, p-t., Essex co., Mass., 21 n. Boston, 
16 N. w. Salem, 454 W. It is on the s. w. side 
of Merrimack r., and is watered also by the 
Shawsheen r. ; is elevated, pleasant, and well 
cultivated. Incorporated in 1616. Its streams 
furnish a good water power, which is extensively 
employed in manufacturing. It has 14 stores, 
cap. $4,700 ; 5 fulling m., 6 woollen fac, 1 fur- 
nace, 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $417,700. The s. village contains 5 
churches — 1 Congregational, 1 Episcopal, 1 Bap- 
tist, 1 Universalist, and 1 Methodist— a bank, a 
savings institution, an insurance oflice. Philips' 
Academy, and the Andover Theological Semi- 
nary. Philips' Academy was founded in 1788 
by the Hon. Samuel and John Philips. It has 
funds to the amount of over $50,000. The num- 
ber of students is limited to 130, which is its 



ANG 



34 



ANN 



usual number, all of whom study the learned 
languages, under a principal and three assistants. 
The academic building is of brick, 80 by 40 feet, 
on a range with the theological buildings, 40 rods 
distant. This is the best endowed academy in 
the state. 

The Andover Theological Seminary was found- 
ed in 1807, and opened in the autumn of 1808. 
It has an elevated and commanding location. 
The buildings consist of three dwelling houses 
for professors ; a steward's house, containing a 
dinmg hall ; and three public edifices of brick ; 
Philips' Hall, 90 by 40 feet, 4 stories, containing 
32 rooms for students ; Bartlet chapel, 94 by 40 
feet, containing a chapel, library, and three lec- 
ture rooms ; and Bartlet Hall, "104 by 40 feet, 4 
stories, containing 32 siiits of rooms ibr students. 
The institution is under a president and foiu- pro- 
fessors : the associate professor of sacred litera- 
ture ; the Abbott professor of Christian theology ; 
the Bartlet professor of sacred rhetoric ; and the 
Brown professor of sacred rhetoric and ecclesias- 
tical liistory. The students on entering are re- 
quired to have a liberal education, and testimo- 
nials of good character and talents, and complete 
their course in three years. They are divided 
into the junior, middle, and senior classes. Tui- 
tion and room rent are free to all, and further aid 
is furnished to the indigent. A public examina- 
tion and commencement are held on the 4th 
Wednesday of Sept. It has 142 students ; 785 
have completed tlieir education here since its 
first establishment; and the libraries contain 
17,500 volumes. Tlie whole amount contributed 
by its donors is about $400,000. A seminary for 
teachers was founded in Andover in 1830, which 
gives a thorough education, and promises to be 
of great use in preparing competent teachers for 
schools. Manual labor is connected with the in- 
stitution. 4 acad. 379 students, 23 sch. 1,153 
scholars. Pop. 1830, 4,540 ; 1840, 5,207. 

Andover, p-v., Tolland co., Ct., 19 e. Hartford, 
350 W. 

Andover, p-t., Alleghany co., N. Y., 15 s. e. 
Angelica, 257 w. by s. Albany, 317 W. It is on 
the line of the N. York and Erie railroad. The 
v. has 1 Presbyterian and 1 Baptist church, 25 
dwellings, and 150 inhabitants. There are m 
the t. 2 stores, cap. $8,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 grist m., 
4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,000. Pop. 848. 

Andover, p-v., Sussex co., N. J., 64 n. Tren- 
ton, 236 W. 

Andover, t, Ashtabula co., O., s. e. corner of 
the CO. Pop. 881. 

Andover, p-v., Calhoun co., Mich., 142 w. 
Detroit, 577 W. 

Andover, p-v., Henry co., 111., 130 Spring- 
field, 859 W. 

Andrew, n. w. county Missouri, on the Mis- 
souri r. Principal streams, Platte and 102 rivers. 
Capital, Savannah. Erected since 1840. 

Andrew, C. H., p-o., Jackson co., Iowa. 

Andrews, p-v., Williamsport t., Richland co., 
22 s. E. Bucyrus, 47 n. by e. Columbus, 394 W. 

Andrews' Bridge, p-o., Lancaster co., Pa., 
61 s. E. Harrisburg, 106 W. 

Androscoggin r., (or Ameriscoggin) Me., is 
formed by the junction of Magalloway r. and the 
outlet of Umbagog lake. Its course is first s. in 
N. H., then E. into Me., and s. e. until it enters 
the Kennebec, at Meriymeeting Bay, 6 miles 
above Bath, 18 ms. from the ocean. It runs 40 
ms. in N. H. and 100 in Me. 

Angelica, C. H., p-v., capital of Alleghany 
CO., N. Y. Tlie t. contains 1,257 inliabitants. 
The V. is on Angelica or., 262 w. Albany, 335 
W Incorporated 1830. It has 1 Presbyterian, 1 



Episcopal, and 1 Methodist churcli, a bank, 120 
dwellings. Pop. 900, in the t. 11 stores, cap. 
$50,250 ; 2 fullmg m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 
2 grist ra., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $31,600. 

Angley's Branch, p-o., Barnwell dist., S. C 
97 s. by w. Columbus, 603 W. 

Angola, p-o., Collins t., Erie co., N. ¥., 306 
w. Albany, 358 W. 

Angola, p-v., capital of Steuben co., la^ 174 
N. N. E. Indianapolis, 549 W. In the t. are 2 sch. 
53 scholars. Pop. 166. 

Annapolis, city and port of entry, capital of 
Maryland, and of Anne Anmdel co., on the w. 
side of the Severn, 2 miles from its mouth in 
Chesapeake Bay, 28 s. s. e. Baltimore, 40 e. n. 
E. W. 39° N. lat., 76° 43' w. Ion., and 0° 31' e.' 
Ion. W. Pop. 1830, 2,623 ; 1840, 2,792. It has 
been the seat of government in Md. since 1699. 
The tonnage of the port in 1840, was 4,519. The 
state house is a fine building in the centre of the 
city, from which, and from the Episcopal church, 
the streets radiate as from two centres. There 
is an Episcopal and a Methodist church, a market 
house, bank, and theatre, and about 350 dwel- 
lings, stores, &c. The IJniversity of Maryland 
has one of its branches here, called St. John's col- 
lege, chartered as a Roman Catholic institution in 
1784 ; but as such became extinct ; and has been 
resuscitated under different auspices. It has a 
president, four professors, or other instructors, 
120 alumni, of whom 6 were ministers, 27 stu- 
dents, and 4,000 vohunes in its libraries. Com- 
mencement 22d Feb. Aid is afforded to indi- 
gent students. The city contains 40 stores, cap. 
$59,550; 1 tannery, 2 printing ofliccs, 2 semi- 
weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $12,150. 
5 acad. 97 students, 3 sch. 181 scholars. 

Annapolis, p-v., Salem t., Jefferson co., O., 16 
N. w. Steubenville, 128 e. by n. Columbus, 281 W. 

Anna points, p-o., Parke co., la., 68 w. Indian- 
apolis, 637 W. 

Ann Arbor, p-v., capital Washtenaw co., Mich, 
on the w. bank of the Huron r. It is regularly 
laid out on elevated ground, with a dry soil. It has 
a court house, jail, bank, 4 churches — 1 Presby- 
terian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, 1 Universalist — 2 
printing offices, with 2 weeldy newspapers, 
about 20 stores, 1 large flouring m., 1 saw m., 1 
woollen fac, 1 iron foundry, 1 plane fac, &c. 
The University of Michigan has been located in 
this place. It has a flourisliing academy, with 
70 students. The town contains 27 stores, cap. 
$94,575 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 
2 distilleries, 2 breweries, 2 flouring m., 5 saw m. 
Cap. m manufac. $46,750. 

Anne Arundel, coimty, Md., on the w. side of 
Chesapeake Bay. It has a rolUng surface, and 
a soil moderately fertile. Capital, Annapolis. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 13,854, sheep 
18,189, swine 31,741 ; wheat 206,143 bushels pro- 
duced, rye 26,179, oats 266,132, potatoes 51,776; 
127 stores, cap. $164,365 ; 2 fulling m., 2 woollen 
fac, 2 cotton fac. 400 sp., 4 furnaces, 2 tanneries, 
5 flouring m., 33 grist m., 16 saw m., 3 printing 
offices, 1 weekly, 2 semi-weekly newspapers. 
Cap. in manufac. $307,150. 1 college 35 students, 
13 acad. 242 students, S2 sch. 1,018 scholars. Pop 
29,532. 

Annawaika, p-o., De Kalb co., Ala. 

ANNisauAM, p-o., Essex co., Ms., 39 Boston, 
479 W. 

Annsville, t., Oneida co., N. Y., 25 n. w. 
Utica, 118 N. w. Albany. Watered by Fish cr. 
It has 2 stores, cap. $10,500 ; 1 fulhng m., 1 wool- 
len fac, 3 tanneries, 1 grist m., 13 saw m., 1 fur- 
nace. Cap. in manufac. $20,875 12 sch. 519 
scholars Pop 1,765. 



ANT ^35 

Annsburg, t., Washington co., Me. Watered 
by Narraguagus r. Pop. 23. 

Annsville, v., Dinwiddle co., Va., 57 s. w. 
Richmond. 

Annville, p-t, Lebanon co., Pa., 19 e. Har- 
risburg, 129 W. Pop. 2,949. 

Anson, p-t., Somerset co.. Me., 44 n. e. Au- 
gusta, 639 W. It is on the w. side of the Ken- 
nebec river. It is well cultivated, and pro- 
duces good wheat. It has 8 stores, cap. $6,800 ; 

2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $3,650. 1 acad. 30 students, 23 com. sch. 
837 scholars. Pop. 1,941. 

Anson, county, N. C, on its s. border, with 
Rocky r. on the n., and the Yadkin r. e. It is 
watered by branches of these rivers, and con- 
tains 760 sq. ms. The surface is uneven. Cap- 
ital, Wadesboro'. There were in 1840, neat cat- 
tle 15,461, sheep 10,401, swine 23,492; wlieat 
39,991 bush, produced, Ind. corn 416,102, oats 
25,523, potatoes 32,744, tobacco 3,210 pounds, 
cotton 9,078,659 ; 17 stores, cap. $115,800 ; 1 tan- 
nery, 21 distilleries, 2 llouring m., 30 grist m., 13 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $33,637. 7 acad. 150 
students. Pop. 1830, 14,081; 1840, whites 9,633, 
slaves 5,304, free col'd 140 ; total, 15,077. 

Antes, p-t., Huntingdon co.. Pa., 116 Harris- 
burg, 172 W. It has 4 stores, cap. $24,500 ; 1 
woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 furnace, 1 distillery, 
4 grist m., 38 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,940. 
8 sch. 560 scholars. Pop. 2,154. 

Anthony's Creek, p-o., Greenbriar co., Va., 
220 w. by n. Richmond, 257 W. 

Anthony's nose, the name of several eleva- 
ted peaks In N. Y., 2 m the Highlands, on the e. 
of Hudson r., 1 in Johnstown, n. of the Mohawk 
river. 

ANTiET.iM Creek, runs through Washington 
CO., Md., into the Potomac. 

Antioch, p-o., Monroe co., O., 274 e. by s. 
Columbus, 126 W. 

Antioch, p-o., Marengo co., Ala., 88 s. Tusca- 
loosa, 900 W. 

Antistown, v., Huntingdon co., Pa., 124 w. 
Harrisburg. 

Antoine, p-t., Clark co.. Ark., 86 Little Rock, 
1,151 W. Pop. 245. 

Antrim, p-t., Hillsborough co., N. H., 28 w. by 
s. Concord, 460 W. It is watered by Contocook 
r. and North Branch r., which furnishes valuable 
mill seats. It has 6 ponds well stored with fish. 
One of them, Gregg's pond, covers 200 acres, 
and is 80 feet deep. On the streams are fertile 
intervales, and otherwise it is imeven, but good 
for grazing. It has 2 stores, cap. $7,01)0 ; 1 full- 
ing m., 3 tanneries, 4 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $31,545. 12 sch. 421 scholars. Pop. 
1,225. 

Antrim, p-v., Guernsey co., O., 91 e. Colum- 
bus, 40 E. Zancsville, 307 W. It has 3 churches, 

3 stores, 1 acad., wliich is flourishing, and about 
30 buildings. 

Antrim, t., Crawford co., O., Pop. 261. 

Antrim, p-o., Alleghany co., Pa., 209 w. Har- 
risburg, 229 W. 

Antrim, t., Franklin co.. Pa. Watered by 
Conecheague cr. and its tributaries. The sur- 
face is level, and the soil calcareous loam. It 
has 7 stores, cap. $43,000 ; 1 woollen fac, 3 tan- 
neries, 3 distilleries, 2 flouring m., 9 grist m., 8 
saw m., 1 oil ra. Cap. in manufac. $22,450. 13 
sch. 493 scholars. Pop. 4,061. 

Antrim, t., Shiawassee co., Mich. 1 saw m. 
Pop. 117. 

Antwerp, p-t., Jefferson co., N. Y., 20 n. e. 
Watertown, 169 n. w. Albany, 433 W. The 
surface is uneven, and the soil a clay loam, and I 



APP 

fertile. It is watered by Osvvegatchie r. on the 
n., and Indian r. on the s. It has 6 stores, cap. 
$23,000 ; 3 tanneries, 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $22,150. 12 sch. 295 scholars. Pop. 3,109. 

Antwerp, p-o., Paulding co., O. 

Antwerp, t.. Van Buren co., Mich. 2 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $2,000. 6 sch. 88 scholars. 
Pop. 316. 

AwiLLE, t., Lebanon co.. Pa. The surface 
is level, and the .soil gravel and calcareous loam. 
Drained by Quitapahilla cr., wliich affords water 
power. It has 11 stores, cap. $47,000; 1 fulling 
m., 1 woollen fac, 3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 8 
grist m., 5 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. 
$33,820. 2 acad. 62 students, 6 sch. 194 scholars. 
Pop. 2,949. 

Ap.\lachin, p-o., Tioga co., N. Y., 169 s. w. 
Albany, 283 W. 

Apollo, p-v., Armstrong co.. Pa., 193 w. Har- 
risburg, 216 W. 

App.\lachee, a large open bay on the coast of 
Florida, in the Gulf of Mexico. Through this 
bay is a passage 10 feet deep, wliich is gradually 
reduced to 8, by which St. Marks is reached. It 
furnishes the best anchorage ground along the 
coast for the distance of 230 miles. 

App.\l.\chian mts. See Alleghany mts. 

Appalachicola, p-v., port of entry and capi- 
tal Franklin co., Flor., 135 s. w. Tallahassee, 
976 W. It is situated on a bluff" at the mouth 
of the Appalachicola r., w. side. It occupies a 
square mile, and is regularly laid out. On Front- 
street there are 7 blocks of large brick stores and 
warehouses, with granite fronts, back of which 
the houses are of wood. It has 1 Episcopal 
church, 2 banks, is the seat of admiralty jurisdic- 
tion, and has 1 weekly newspaper. This place 
is a considerable cotton mart. It generally has a 
number of large vessels in its harbor, and 20 
steamboats, besides other craft, navigating the 
Appalacliicola r. The tomiage in 1840, was 
4,054. 

Appalachicola r. is formed by the union of 
Chattahoochee, and Flint rs., which unite in the 
state of Georgia, in lat. 30° 42' n., from which 
it proceeds s. 70 ms. to St. George's sound, and 
thence to the Gulf of Mexico. Near the mouth 
of the river it forms a broad estuary, denominated 
Appalachicola Bay, which connects with St. 
George's sound. 'The latter is enclosed by three 
islands, and is 50 miles in length, and from 4 to 
9 wide. Between the islands are 3 passages in- 
to the sound, which have a depth of about 15 
feet of water at low tide. The river is navigable 
for small vessels to the junction of the Chatta- 
hoochee and Flint rs. The Chattahoochee, the 
largest branch, is navigable for boats nearly 400 
miles from the Gulf of Mexico. The whole 
surface drained by the Appalacliicola and its 
branches, is esthiiated at a Uttle less than 20,000 
sq. miles. 

Appanoos, p-o., Hancock co.. 111., 122 w. N. w. 
Springiield, 8.-<3 W. 

Apple r.. 111., passes through Jo. Daviess co., 
in the n. w. part of the state ; and after a course 
of 45 miles, falls mto the Mississippi, 20 miles be- 
low Galena. It is 50 yds. wide at its mouth. It 
is a rocky and rapid stream, fumisliing many 
good mill seats. 

Apple River, p-o., Jo. Daviess co.. 111., 215 n. 
by w. Springfield, 867 W. 

Apple Creek, p-o., Wayne co., 99 n. e. Co- 
lumbus, 341 W. 

Apple Creek, p-o., Morgan co., Bl., 37 w. by 
s. Springfield, 809 W. 

Apple Creek, p-o., Cape Girardeau co., Mo., 
212 s. E. Jefferson city, 880 W. 



ARK 



36 



ARK 



Appleton. p-0., Bennington t., Licking co., O., 
52 E. by N. Columbus, 3S9 W. 

Appleton, t., Waldo co.. Me., 20 s. w. Belfast, 
84 N. w. Portland, 35 e. by s. Augusta. Incor- 
porated 1829. Situated between the head waters 
of St. George's and Muscongus rs. Soil fertile. 
It has 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $800. 5 sch. 
301 scholars. Pop. 891. 

Appling, county, Ga., in the s. part of the 
state, contains 1,600 sq. ms. It lies on the s. side 
of Ockraulgee r. Drained by the head waters of 
Santilla r. Surface level, soil sandy and light. 
Capital, Holmesville. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 13,328, sheep 766, swine 9,563; wheat 
2,027 bush, produced, Ind. corn 24,245, potatoes 
13,423, cotton, 5,159 poimds; 4 stores, cap. 
$8,200 ; 7 grist m., 7 saw m.,1 oil m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $5,150. 2 sch. 55 scholars. Fop. 1830, 1,468 ; 
1840, whites 1,755, slaves 282, free coFd 15; 
total, 2,052. 

Appling, p-o., Jefferson co., N. Y., 169 n. w. 
Albany, 410 W. 

Appling, C. H., or Applington, p-v., capital 
of Columbia CO., Ga., Ill s. s. e. Milledgeville, 
597 W. It is situated on the Great Kiokee cr., 
has a court house, jail, an acad., 1 Baptist and 1 
Methodist church, 3 stores, and 20 dwellings. 

Appomatto.x r., Va., rises in Prince Edward 
CO., and after flowing E. 120 miles, unites with 
James r. at City Point. It i.s navigable for ves- 
sels of 100 tons to the falls at Petersburg, the 
head of tide water. There is a canal around 
these falls, and the r. is boatable 80 miles above. 

AppoauiNi.MiNK, (hundred,) Newcastle co., 
Delaware. It has 9 stores, cap. $10,400 ; 3 grist 
m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,110. 2 sch. 
61 scholars. Pop. 3,075. 

Apulia, p-o., Fabius t., Onondaga co., N. Y., 
124 w. Albany, 331 W. 

Aquasco, p-o.. Prince George's co., Md., 51 s. 
w. Annapolis, 44 W. 

AauEBOGUE, p-v., Riverhead t., Suffolk co., N. 
Y., 229 s. s. E. Albany, 309 W. It has 1 church, 

1 store, and about 15 dwellings. 

Aquia, p-o., Stafford co., Va., 42 s. s. w. of W., 
on a small creek of the same name. 

Aquilla, p-o., Franklin co., Ga., 120 n. by e. 
Milledgeville, 576 W. 

Ararat, p-o., Washington co., Ala., 122 s. s. 
w. Tuscaloosa, 940 W. 

Abator, p-o., Pettis co., Mo., 58 w. by n. Jeffer- 
son city, 994 W. 

Arbuckle, p-o., Mason co., Va., 354 w. by n. 
Richmond, 367 W. 

Arcadia, p-o., Morgan co., HI., 40 s. w. 
Springfield, 820 W. 

Arcadia, t., Wayne co., N. Y., 5 w. Lyons, 
190 w. N. w. Albany. The surface is hilly ; soil 
sandy and calcareous loam. Gypsum is found 
and quarried. Watered by Meed cr. llie v. is 
situated on the Erie canal, and contains 1 Bap- 
tist church, 2 stores, and several groceries, 1 
flouring m., 1 tannery, 100 dwellings, and 500 in- 
habitants. In the t. are 14 stores, cap. $62,8^0 ; 

2 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 flouring 
m., 1 grist m , 14 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 
weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $103,145. 



2 acad. 46 students, 22 sch. 646 scholars. Pop 
4,980. 

Arcadia, p-o., Madison co., Mo., s. e. Jeffer- 
son city. 

Archer, p-t., Harrison co., O., 122 e. by N. 
Columbus, 202 W. It is watered by Stillwater 
r. and its tributaries. It has 5 sch. 230 scholars. 
Pop. 1,012. 

Arcola, p-o., Loudon co., Va., 141 n. Rich- 
mond, 36 W. 

Arcola, p-v., Madison t.. Lake co., O. It has 
30 dwellings, 2 blast furnaces, which yield 1,400 
tons of fine iron castings annually, a steam grist 
m., and various mechanic shops. 

Arenac county, Mich. Situated on the n. w. 
side of Saginaw Bay. Contains about 400 sq. ms. 
Drained by Rifle r., and some small streams fall- 
ing into Saginaw Bay. (Unorganized.) 

Arentsville, p-o., Adams co., Pa. 

Arenzville, p-o., Morgan co.. 111., 52 s. w. 
Springfield, 832 W. 

Argentine, t., Genesee co., Mich. Pop. 177. 

Argo, p-o., Franklin co., Mo., 73 E. by s. Jef- 
ferson city, 917 W. 

Argosville, p-o., Schoharie co., N. Y., 46 w. 
Albany, 395 W. 

Argus, p-o., Montgomery co., Ala., 141 s. e. 
l\iscaloosa, 395 W. 

Argvle, p-t., Washington co., N. Y., 36 n. Al- 
bany, 416 W. The v. is on Moseskill, and was in- 
corporated in 1838. It has 1 Scotch Presbyterian, 
1 Cameronian, and 1 Methodist church, 5 stores, 

1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 fulling m., 1 carding ma- 
chine, and 80 dwellings. Pop. of the v., 500. 
In the t. are 10 stores, cap. $25,000 ; 2 fulling ra., 

2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $1,51X). 17 sch. 363 scholars. Pop. 3,111. 

Argyle, p-o., McDonough co.. 111., 92 n. w 
Springfield, 865 W. 

Argyle, p-t., Cumberland co., N. C, 74 s. s. 
w. Raleigh, 361 W. 

Argyle, t, Penobscot co.. Me., 89 n. e. Au- 
gusta. The soil is fertile, and produces good 
wheat. It has 2 grist m., 42 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $101,800. 8 sch. 204 scholars. Pop. 
527. 

Arietta, t., Hamilton co., N. Y., 72 n. w. 
Albany. It is a large t., partly settled on the 
s. only. It contains several lakes. Drained by 
Canada cr. and Sacandago r. 2 stores, cap. 
$8,500 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 9 saw m. Pop. 209. 

Arkansas river, Ark., rises in the Rocky 
Mountains, about lat. 42° n. near the sources of 
the Del Norte, and near the boundary between 
the United States and Mexico, and lor some dis- 
tance fonns a part of that boundary. It flows 
through the central part of Arkansas, and after a 
whole course of 2, 170 miles, enters the Mississip- 
pi in lat. 33° 40' n. Its general course is e. s. e 
It is navigable for boats, at some seasons, 1,980 
nis. The navigation is not obstructed by rocks, 
shoals, or rapids. The country watered by the 
Arkansas, in its upper parts, is sterile ; but ui the 
lower parts it is tolerably fertile, and on its 
alluvial borders, it is rich. The whole surface 
drained by this river and its tributaries, is esti- 
mated at 178,000 sq. ms. 



ARKANSAS. 

Arkansas, one of the Western United States, is bounded n. by Missouri ; e. by the Mississippi 
river, which separates it from Tennessee and Mississippi ; and w. by the Indian territory. It is 
between 33° and 36° 30' n. lat. and between 89° 30' and 94° 30' w. Ion., and between 12° 30' and 
17° 30' vv. Ion. from W. It is 240 miles long, and 228 wide, containing 54 500 square miles ; or 
34,880,000 acres. The population in 1830 was 30,388 ; in 1840, 97,574, of which 19,935 were slaves. 



ARK 37 ARK 

Of the free population, 42,211 were wiiite males ; 34,963 do. females ; 248 were colored males ; 217 
do. females. Employed in agriculture, 26,355 ; in commerce 215 ; in manufactures and trades, 
1,173 ; navigating the ocean, 3 ; do. rivers, canals, &c. 39 ; learned professions, 301. 

This state is divided into 40 counties, wliich, with their population in 1840, and their capitals, 
were as follows : Arkansas, 1,346, Arkansas Post ; Benton, 2,228, Bentonville ; Carroll, 2,844, 
Carrolhon ; Chicot, 3,806, Columbia ; Clarke, 2,309, Greenville ; Conway, 2,892, Lewisburg ; 
Crawford, 4,266, Van Buren ; Crittenden, 1,561, Marion ; Desha, 1,598, Belleville ; Frank- 
lin, 2,665, Ozark ; Greene, 1,586, Gainesville ; Hemsptead, 4,921, Washington ; Hot Springs, 
1,907, Hot Springs ; Independence, 3,669, Batesville ; Izard, 2,244, Athens ; Jackson, 1,540, 
EUzabeth; Jefferson, 2,566, Pine Bluff; Johnson, 3,433, Clarkesville ; Lafayette, 2,200, 
Lewisville ; Lawrence, 2,835, Smithville : Madison, 2,775, Huntsville ; Marioji, 1,325, Yell- 
ville ; Mississippi, 1,410, Osceola ; Monroe, 936, Lawrenceville ; Phillips, 3,547, Helena ; Pike, 
969, Murfreesboro ; Poinsett, 1,320, Bolivar ; Pope, 2,850, Dover ; Pulaski, 5,350, Little Rock ; 
Randolph, 2,196, Pochahontas ; St. Francis, 2,499, Mount Vernon ; Saline, 2,061, Benton; 
Scott, 1,694, Booneville ; Searcy, 936, Lebanon ; Sevier, 2,810, Paraclifta; Union, 2,889, Union 
C. H. ; Van Buren, 1,518, Clinton; Washington, 7,148, Fayetteville ; White, 929, Searcy ; 
Bradley, erected since census, Warren. 

Little Rock, on the s. bank of the Arkansas, 300 miles from the Mississippi, is the seat of govern- 
ment. 

In the eastern part of the state, bordering on the Mississippi and the large rivers which empty 
into it, the country is low and swampy, vnth a heavy growth of timber, and is frequently overflow- 
ed. In the central part, it is undulated and broken ; and in the western parts, the Ozark mountains, 
rising sometimes to the height of 1 or 2,000 feet, cross the n. w. part of the state. The Black Hills, 
north of the Arkansas, and the Washita Hills, north of the Washita river, have considerable eleva- 
tion. The soil is of every variety, from the most productive to the most sterile. On the margins 
of the rivers, it is exceedingly fertile ; but back of this, the land is generally poor. Prairies are 
abundant, of immense extent ; but in many parts, there is a scarcity of water. Cotton and Indian 
corn are the staple productions ; but the country is well calculated for raising cattle. Wild animals 
and fowls, as the buffalo, deer, elk, otter, beaver, rabbit, racoon, wild-cat, catamount, wolf, bear, 
and wild-geese, turkeys, and quails, are abundant. Near the centre of the state there are nume- 
rous hot-springs, the temperature of which sometimes rises nearly to the boiling point, though sub- 
ject to considerable variation. Iron ore, gypsum, coal, and salt are found. 

There were in this state in 1840, 51,472 horses and mules ; 188,786 neat cattle ; 42,151 sheep ; 
393,058 swine ; poultry to the value of $109,468. There was produced 105,878 bushels of wheat ; 
6,219 of rye ; 4,846,632 of Indian com ; 189,553 of oats ; 293,603 of potatoes ; 64,943 pounds of 
wool; 1,079 of wax; 143,439 of tobacco ; 5,454 of rice; 6,028,642 of cotton ; 1,542 of sugar ; 586 
tons of hay ; 1,039 of hemp and flax. The products of the dairy were valued at $59,205 ; of the 
orchard, $10,630 ; of the forest, $176,617. 

There were 10 commercial and 10 commission houses engaged in foreign trade, with a capital 
of $91,000 ; 263 retail dry goods and other stores, -with a capital of $1,578,719 ; 263 persons em- 
ployed in the lumber trade, with a capital of $12,220. 

The amount of home-made or family manufactures was, $439,750 ; 2 cotton manufactories with 
90 spindles, employed 7 persons, and had a capital of $2,125 ; 7 persons produced 5,500 bushels of 
bituminous coal, with a capital of $605 ; 25 persons produced 8,700 bushels of salt, with a capital 
of $20,800; 30 persons produced granite and marble to the amount of $15,500; 3 persons produced 
hats and caps to the amount of $1,400, with a capital of $400 ; 37 tanneries employed 70 persons, 
and a capital of $43,510 ; 545 other manufactories of leather, as saddleries, &c., produced articles to 
the amount of $17,400, with a capital of $8,830 ; 51 persons produced machinery to the amount of 
$14,065; 66 persons produced bricks and lime to the amount of $319,696; 6 persons produced 
142,775 pounds of soap, and 16,541 pounds of tallow candles, and 632 pounds of wax or sperma- 
ceti candles, with a capital of $200 ; 53 distilleries produced 26,415 gallons, employing 3S persons, 
and a capital of $10,205 ; 15 persons produced carriages and wagons to the amount of $2,675, with a 
capital of $1,555 ; 1 powder mill made 400 pounds of gunpowder, with a capital of $700 ; 10 
flouring mills produced 1,430 barrels of flour, and with other mills employed 400 persons, produ- 
cing articles to the amount of $330,347, and employing a capital of $288,257 ; 45 persons manufac- 
tured furniture to the amount of $20,293, with a capital of $7,810 ; 21 brick or stone houses, and 
1,083 wooden houses built, employed 1,251 persons, and cost $1,141,174 ; 9 printing offices, 1 
bindery, 3 semi-weekly and 6 weekly newspapers employed 37 persons, and a capital of $13,100. 
The whole amount of capital employed in manufactures was $424,467. 

In the eastern part of the state, particularly in the coimtry bordering on the rivers, and especially 
on the Arkansas, the climate is moist and unhealthy. But toward the middle and in the western 
part, the climate becomes healthy. 

This state is well situated for commerce, having an easy communication, by means of its rivers, 



ARK 



38 



ARM 



with the Mississippi. The Arkansas, tlie principal river, rises in the Rocky Mountains, and 
flows witVi a broad and deep current through the state, in a s. eastwardly direction. It is naviga- 
ble for steamboats, 300 miles to Little Rock ; and in time of high water, 350 miles farther to Fort 
Gibson, which is west of the limits of the state. The Red river passes through the s. w. part of 
the state. The St. Francis, the White, and the Washita, are other important rivers. 

Little Rock ; Arkansas, an old French settlement on the Arkansas ; Columbia and Helena on 
the Mississippi ; Batesville on White river; FayettevUle in the n. w. part of the state ; and Ful- 
ton on Red river, are considerable and growing places. 

This state is too young to have done much for education in its higher departments. There is no 
college in this state. There were in 1840, 8 academies, with 300 students; and 113 common and 
primary schools, with 2,614 scholars. There were 6,567 white persons over 20 years of age who 
could neither read nor write. 

The Methodists and Baptists are the most numerous religious denominations, though there are 
some Presbyterians, Episcopalians, and Roman Catholics. 

At the commencement of 1840, there was 1 bank with 3 branches, and a capital of $1,501,888, 
and a circulation of $301,310. 

At the close of 1840, the sUate debt was $3,755,362. 

The constitution of this state was formed in 1836. The governor is chosen by the people for 4 
years, but cannot hold the office more than 8 years in 12. The members of the Senate are elected 
by the people for 4 years, and the representatives for 2 years. The elections are viva voce. The 
Senate can never consist of less than 17, nor more than 33 members ; the House of Representa- 
tives of less than 54, or more than 100 members. The judges of the Supreme Court are appointed 
for 8 years, and of the Circuit Courts for 4 years. These judges are chosen by the legislature. 
The judges of the county courts are chosen by justices of the peace. The legislature meets once in 
2 years. Every white male citizen of the United States, and who has resided in the state 6 months, 
is entitled to vote. 

No lotteries can be established, or lottery tickets sold. No debtor can be imprisoned, without 
strong presumption of fraud. The legislature may establish one bank with branches, and one 
banking iastitution to promote the interests of agricultm-e. It cannot emancipate slaves, without the 
consent of their owners. Slaves have the right of trial by jury, and suffer the same degree of 
punishment for a crime as wliite persons, and no other. Courts of justice are obliged to assign to 
slaves, counsel for their defence. 

Arkansas was a part of the Louisiana purchase. It was made a separate territory in 1819, and 
was admitted to the Union in 1836. It derives its name from the great river wliich runs through it- 



Arkansas county. Ark., lies on both sides of 
Arkansas r., near its mouth. White r. runs on 
its N. E. boimdary. It is watered on the N. partes 
by Bayou Agnew r., which enters White r., and 
Big Meter r., which enters the Arkansas. The 
south end of Grand Prairie is in this county, and 
is very rich land. The surface is generally 
level, though rising some in the w. part. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 6,251, .sheep 413, swine 
6,810. Ind. corn 70,834 bush, produced, potatoes 
3,164; tobacco 1,422 pounds, cotton 361,404; 2 
stores, cap. $27,250 ; 5 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 sch. 
24 scholars. Pop. whites 980, slaves 361, free 
col'd 5 ; total, 1,346. 

Arkansas Post, p-v., and capital of Arkansas 
CO., Ark., 117 s. e. Little Rock, 1,087 W. It 
was founded by the French in 1685. It is on 
the N. bank of Arkansas r. in 34° n. lat. and 14° 
25' w. Ion. from W. It occupies a high bluff of 
sterile land, and has flats in the rear, inundated 
at certain seasons by White r. It is 50 miles 
above the Mississippi, by the course of the ri\er. 
Contains a printing office, court house, jail, and 
40 or 50 houses. 

Arkport, p-v., Homellsville t., Steuben co., 
N. Y., 246 w. by s. Albany, 322 W. It is on 
Canisteo r., and contains 1 store and 30 dwell- 
ings. Pop. 175. 

Arkville, p-o., Middletown t, Delaware co., 
N. Y., 83 s. w. Albany, 393 w. 

Arkwright, p-t., Chautauque co., N. Y., 328 
w. by s. Albany, 350 W. It has 7 schools, 320 
scholars. Pop. 1,418. It occupies the height of 
land from which the water flows in opposite direc- 
tions N. s. E. and w. The soil is gravelly loam, 



and suited to grazing and to grain. It has 4 saw 
ra. Cap. in manufac. $2,245. 7 sch. Pop. 1,410. 

Arlington, p-t., Bennington co., Vt., 15 n. 
Bennington, 103 s. w. Montpelier, 420 W. It 
is watered by Green r., and other branches of the 
Battenldll, which latter passes through the n. 
part of the town. These streams aflbrd a good 
water power. The land is generally good, and 
particularly on the rivers. A good white marble 
IS quarried and exported, and lime is produced 
There is a chalybeate spring, and a curious cav- 
ern, in the town. It contains 3 stores, capital 
$13,500. 1 fullingm., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, ] 
grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $24,850 
9 sch. 3-25 scholars. Pop. 1,038. 

Armada, t., Macomb county, Mich., has 9 sch. 
303 scholars. Pop. 652. 

Armagh, p-b., Indiana co.. Pa., 60 e. Pitts- 
burg, 158 w. by N. Harrisburg, 201 W. It 
contains 40 dwellings ; 3 stores, cap. $20,000 ; 1 
tannery. Cap. in manufac. $1,200. Pop. 625. 

Armagh, t., Mifflin co., Pa., contains 4 stores, 
cap. $26,200; 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 1 distil- 
lery, 4 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufactures 
$39,320. 7 sch. 250 scholars. Pop. 1,468. 

Armenia, p-o., Scriven co., Ga., 122 e. s. e. 
Milledgeville, 661 W. 

Armstrong, county, Pa., central in the w. part 
of the state, contains 575 sq. ms. The Alleghany 
r. passes through the co., and its tributaries Red- 
bank, Mahoning, and Crooked creeks. The sur- 
face is agreeably diversified. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 26, 1 10, sheep 54,815, swine 29,621; 
wheat 289,789 bushels produced, rye 138,120, 
Indian corn 171,089, oats 508,998, potatoes 



ASC 



39 



ASH 



170,046 ; 79 stores, cap. $186,200 ; 2 woollen fac- 
tories, 12 fulling m., 25 tanneries, 68 grist m., 91 
saw m. ; 5 potteries produced $1,010 ; machinery, 
$19,660; 3 furnaces; bushels of bituminous coal 
prod. 705,490 ; of salt, 322,030.2 printing offices, 2 
weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $225,825. 
2 acad. 1G6 students, 105 schools, 1,936 scliolars. 
Pop. 28,365. 

Armstrong, t., Indiana county. Pa. The sur- 
face is level ; soil, clay and gravel. Drained by 
Crooked cr. It contains 3 stores, cap. $4,500 ; 3 
tanneries, 3 distilleries, 3 grist m.,7 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $13,260. 2sch. 76 schol. Pop. 1,054. 

Arm.strong, p-c, Wabash co., 111., 176 s. e. 
Springfield, 708 W. 

Armstrong's Mills, p-o., Belmont co., Ohio, 
131 E. Columbus, 292 W. 

Armutohee, p-o., Floyd co., Ga., 174 n. w. 
Milledgeville, 659 W. 

Arneytown, p-v., Hanover t., Burlington co., 
N. J., 15 s. e. Trenton, 176 W. It contams a large 
Friends' meeting-house, 1 store, and 15 dweUings. 

Arnheim, p-o., Brown co., Oliio, 97 s. s. w. 
Colmnbus, 464 W. 

Arnoldsburgh, p-o., Kanawha co., Va., 352 
w. N. w. Richmond, 320 W. 

Arnoldtown, p-v., Campbell co., Va., 138 
w. by s. Richmond, 213 W. 

Aroostook, co.. Me., in the n. e. part of the 
state, is a long co., extending to the Canada line, 
and imsettled in its n. part. Watered by Mada- 
waska r., Aroostook r., and Matawamkeag r., and 
branches. Its waters flow partly into St. John's 
r., and partly into the Penobscot. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 6,109, sheep 9,905, swine 
4,303; wheat 41,982 bush, produced, oats 36,518, 
buckwheat 21,912, potatoes 108,554; 20 stores, 
cap. $13,029; 2 tanneries, 2 flouring m., 13 grist 
m., 13 saw m. Cap. m manufac. $12,800. 28 
sch. 1,150 scholars. Pop. 9,413. 

Aroostook r.. Me., rises in the e. part of Pis- 
catiquis co., separated by high lands from the 
head waters of the Penobscot, which are not more 
than 20 miles distant. Several ponds connect 
with its head waters ; its course is circmtous, to 
the N. E. and e. until it falls into the St. John's 
in New Brmiswick. A road passes from Bangor 
to Fort Fairfield on tliis river, near the e. boun- 
dary of the United States. The lands on this r. 
are very fertile, and are said to equal the best 
lands in the state of N.Y. for the culture of wheat. 

Arrow Rock, p-v.. Saline co.. Mo., 72 n.w. Jef- 
ferson city, 986 W. It is situated on the s. side 
of the Missouri r., on a high bluff, with a good 
landing. Here is a ferry across the Missouri r. 
It is surrounded by a fertile coimtry. 

Arthursburg, p-o.. La Grange t., Dutchess 
CO., N. Y., 83 s. Albany, 310 W. 

AsiiURY, p-v., Mansfield t., Warren co., N. J., 
42 N. Trenton, 202 W. It has 1 Methodist church, 

2 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 oil m., 1 woollen factory, 

3 stores, and about 33 dwellings. 

AsBURY, p-o.. Perry co., O., 46 e. s. e. Co- 
lumbus, 357 W. 

AsBURY, p-o., Fayette co., Ala., 52 n. w. Tus- 
caloosa, 854 W. 

Ascension, parish. La., in the middle of the s. 
E. part of the state, on both sides of the Missis- 
sippi r. The surface is level, and is overflowed in 
the annual inundation of the river, the banks of 
which constitute the liigiiest land in the parish. 
The La Fourche, one of the outlets of the Missis- 
sippi, passes off at Donaldsonville, in this parish. 
The principal settlement is on the borders of the 
river, where the land is also best for cultivation, 
which is chiefly devoted to sugar and cotton. It 
also produces oranges, figs, peaches, plums, &c. 



in abundance. Capital, Donaldsonville. There 
were in 1840,neat caitle 3,S15, sheep 2,845, .swine 
1,082, Ind. corn 2S(),72.i llu^:h. produced, potatoes 
750, cotton l,02S,OiV,) pounds, sugar 13,568,000; 
20 for. and commission houses, cap. $280,000 ; 78 
ret. stores, cap $50,000; 3,sawm. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $50,000. 3 acad. 56 students, 2 com. sch. 69 
scholars. Pop. 1830, 5,426 ; 1840, wliites 2,255, 
slaves 4,553, free colored 143; total, 6,951. 

AscuTNEY MOUNTAi.N, Windsor co., Vt., lies 
between Windsor and Weathersfield. It is ele- 
vated above Connec'icut r., at Windsor, 2,903 
feet, and 3,320 feet above the level of the ocean. 
Its basis is granite, and it has but little vegeta- 
tion. It is 5 miles w. of Connecticut r., and 5 s. 
\v. Windsor v. The prospect from the summit is 
very extensive and beautifid. 

Ash, t., Monroe co., Mich. Pop. 949. 

AsHBOROUGH, p-o., Randolph co., N. C, 72 w. 
Raleigh, 329 W. 

AsHBURNHAM, p-t., Worcester co., Mass., 53 
N. w. Boston, 426 W. It is watered by the head 
branches of Miller's, Nashua, and Souhegan rs., 
issuing from ponds. Miller's river flows into the 
Connecticut, and the others into the Menimac. 
The surface is uneven, the soil fertile, particular- 
ly in grass, and the forest trees are large. Great 
and Little Wetatick mts. are in the town, the for- 
mer in the n e., the latter s. w. of them. It con- 
tains 5 stores, cap. $11,700; 1 cotton fac. 784 
sp., value of manufac. articles $16,000 ; 3 tan- 
neries, 3 grist m., 18 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$48,250; 10 sch. 549 scholars. Pop. 1,652. 

AsHCY, p-t., Middlesex co., Ms., 47 n. n. w 
Boston, 443 W. It borders on the line of N. H. 
Surface moderately uneven, and the soil is good, 
particularly for grazing. Ahead branchof Nashua 
r. furnishes go<xi water power. It has 4 stores, 
cap. $5,000 ; 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap 
in manufac. $2,100. 1 acad. 50 students, 9 sch. 
375 scholars. Pop. 1,246. 

Ashe, county, N. C., in the n. w. part of the 
state. It is an elevated table land, between 
Bald mt. and Blue Ridge. It has an area of 840 
sq. miles, and is drained by the head waters of 
Great Kenawha and Holston rivers. The sur- 
face is rough, and the soil moderately good. Cap- 
ital, Jeffersonton. There were in 1840, neat cat- 
lie, 13,611, sheep 16,522, swme 24,071; wheat 
10,336 bushels produced, rye 17,805, Ind. corn 
150,279, oats 108,505, potatoes 57,982, sugar 
16,193 pounds, wool 22,202; 8 stores, capital 
$48,000: 3 tanneries, 97 distill., 57 grist m., 20 saw 
m., 2 sch. 58 schools. Pop. 1830,6,991; 1840, whites 
6,911, slaves 497, free colored 59; total, 7,467. 

AsHFiELD, p t., Franklin county, Ms., 108 w. 
Boston, 403 W. The land is elevated, and dram- 
ed by branches of Deerfield and Westfield rivers. 
Incorporated in 1764. It has 4 stores, capital 
$18,3D0 ; 3 fulling m.. 2 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 
1 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,000, 
13 sch. 366 scholars. Pop. 1,610. 

AsHFORn, p-t., Windham co., Ct., 32 e. Hart- 
ford, 36s W. Tlie surface is rough and stony, but 
well adapted to grazing. Several small streams 
afford good water power. Incorporated in 1714. 
It contains 12 stores, cap. $20,250 ; 2 woollen fac, 
1 tamiery, 2 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$84,400. 1 acad. 32 students, 18 sch. 817 scho- 
lars. Pop. 2,651. 

AsHFORD, p-t., Cattaraugus co., N. Y., 295 w. 
by s. Albany, 345 W. The surface is imdulating, 
the soil clay loam ; and it is drained by Cattarau- 
gus cr. and its tributaries. It has 1 store, cap 
$2,000. 1 fulling m., 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap 
in manufac. $4,000. It has 10 sch. 346 scliolars. 
Pop. 1,469. 



AST 



40 



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Ashland, p-o., Bertie co., N. C. 

Ashland, p-o.. Union co., Ky., 224 w. s. w. 
Frankfort, 765 W. 

Ashland, p-v., Richland co., O., 79 n. w. Co- 
lumbus, 368 W. It has 6 stores, 2 churches, 1 
Methodist and 1 Presbyterian, and 70 dwellings. 
Pop. about 500. 

Ashland, p-o., Wayne co., Tenn., 88 s. w. 
Nashville, 765 W. 

Ashley, p-o., Pike co., Mo., 69 n. e. Jefferson 
city, 887 W. 

AsHLEYsviLLE, p-0., Hampden co., Ms., 97 w. 
Boston, 367 W. 

AsHPORT, p-v., Lauderdale co., Tenn. It is on 
the E. side of the Mississippi, near the lower end 
of the Canadadian reach. It has several ware- 
houses, and a steam mill. Pop. about 200. 

Ashtabula, county, O., in the n. w. part of the 
state, on Lake Erie. It is drained by Grand and 
Ashtabula rs., and Conneaut cr., which enter Lake 
Erie, and by the head waters of Chenango cr., 
which enters Big Beaver r. and passes into the 
Ohio. It must therefore occupy the height of 
land between Lake Erie and the Ohio. The soil 
is generally good. It was organized in 1811. 
Capital, Jefferson. Tliere were m 1840, neat cat- 
tle 30,019, sheep 39,638, swine 13,143; wheat 
105,693 bush, produced, rye 4,229, Ind. com 
171,576, buckwheat 4,495, oats 142,256, potatoes 
156,395, tobacco 53,975 pounds, sugar 148,568, 
silk cocoons 260 ; 6 com. mer. houses, cap. $6,tK)0 ; 
66 ret. stores, cap. $122,500 ; 16 fulling m., 4 wool- 
len fac, 4 furnaces, 29 tanneries, 4 distilleries, 
34 grist m., 72 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 printing offices, 
2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $151,600. 
4 acad. 421 students, 133 sch. 5,769 scholars. 
Pop. 23,724. 

Ashtabula, v., is in the n. e. part of Ashtabula 
CO., on the Ashtabula r., near its entrance into 
Lake Erie, 191 n. e. Columbus. There are 2 
churches and 10 stores. 

Ashville, C. H., p-v., and capital of Buncombe 
CO., N. C, 256 w. Raleigh, 486 W. It is situated 
on French Broad r. Contains a court house and 
several stores and dwellings. 

Ashville, C. H., p-v., and capital of St. Clair 
CO., Ala., 90 N. E. Tuscaloosa. Situated on the 
s. E. side of Canoe cr. It contains a court house 
and several dwellings. 

Ashuelot, r., Cheshire co., N. H. It enters 
the Connecticut a little above the Ms. line. 

AsHwooD, p-o., Maury co., Tenn. 

Aspalaga, v., Gadsden co., Flor., 35 w. Tal- 
lahassee. 

Aspen Grove, p-o., Pittsylvania co., Va., 148 
s. w. Richmond, 235 W. 

Aspen Wall, p-o., Charlotte co., Va. 

Assumption, parish, La., in the middle of the s. 
E. part of the state. It has the Mississippi on the 
N. E., and the Bayou La Fourche passes tlu-ough 
it. It produces cotton, and sugar, and some or- 
anges. Capital, Assumption C. H. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 6,647, sheep 1,590, swine 
6,340 ; Ind. corn 265,650 bush, produced, potatoes 
34,600, cotton 2,106,700 pounds, sugar 6,520,000 ; 
13 stores, cap. $30,000 ; 1 saw ra. ; 1 college, 44 
students. Pop. 1830,5,669; 1840, whites 4,103, 
slaves 2,988, free col'd 50 ; total, 7,141. 

Assumption, C. H., p-v.. Assumption parish. 
La., 89 w. N. Orleans, 1,261 W. Situated on w. 
side of Bayou La Fourche. It contains a court 
house and several dwellings. 

AsTON, t., Delaware co.. Pa. It contains 4 
stores, cap. $9,500 ; 5 cotton fac. 7,120 sp., 1 tan- 
nery, 3 grist m., 4 saw mills. Cap. in manufac. 
$108,700. 3 sch. 70 scholars. Pop. 1,469. 
Astoria, p-v. Newtown, Queens co., N. Y., 



situated at Hallett's cove, just below Hell Gate, 
East r., 6 n. e. of the city of New York. It con- 
tains 4 churches, 1 Dutch Reformed, 1 Episcopal, 
1 Methodist, and 1 Roman Catholic, a female 
seminary, 2 stores, a turpentine fac, a carpet fac, 
and hat fac. It has about 100 dwellings and 600 
inhabitants. It is connected with N. York by a 
steam ferry. 

Astoria, p-o., Butler co., O. 

Astoria, p-o., Fulton co., HI., 72 n. n. w. 
Springfield, 850 W. 

Astoria, a trading post 8 ms. from the mouth 
of the Columbia r., on the s. side, near the Pacific. 
It was established by the enterprising gentleman 
from whom it was named, in 1811, as a depot of 
the fur trade, in wliich he was largely engaged, 
but is now occupied by the Hudson's Bay Com- 
pany, and called Fort George. 

Asylum, p-t., Bradford co., Pa., 145 n. Harris- 
burg, 255 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, gravelly 
loam. The Susquehanna r. runs on its n. and n. 
E. border. Drained by Duval's, Sugar, and To- 
wanda crs. Wyalusing rapids or falls in the Sus- 
quehanna r. are in this t. It has 6 sch. 196 scho- 
lars. Pop. 947. 

Atchafalaya, an outlet of the Mississippi r., 
which it leaves a little over a mile below the 
mouth of the Red r. It flows by a winding course, 
147 ms., and enters a bay of the same name, 25 
ms. long, which sets up from the Gulf of Mexico. 
It receives, in its course, the Placquemine, an- 
other outlet of the Mississippi. It forms the w. 
boundary of what is called the delta of the Mis- 
sisippi. Its navigation is prevented by rafts, form- 
ed by trees floated down by the Mississippi. The 
Red r. has recently altered its channel, by which 
it Hows into the Atchafalaya, shortly before it en- 
ters the Mississippi, though the deeper channel is 
probably into the latter. 

Athens, p-t., Somerset co., Me., 49 n. Augusta, 
644 W. Incorporated in 1803. It is drained by 
a tributary of the Kennebec r., and contains 4 
stores, cap. $8,500 ; 1 fulhng m., 1 tannery, 7 grist 
m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,575. It has 
10 sch. 603 scholars. Pop. 1,427. 

Athens, p-t., Windham co., Vt., 109 s. Mont- 
pelier, 447 W. Settled in 1780. The surface is 
uneven, but it is a good gi-azing town, and has a 
small mill stream. It contains 1 tannery, 1 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $2,200. 3 sch. 119 scho- 
lars. Pop. 378. 

Athens, p-t., Greene co., N. Y., 5 n. Catskill, 
29 s. Albany, 341 W. It is situated on the w. 
side of Hudson r., opposite the city of Hudson. 
The surface is liilly on the w., but less so near 
the Hudson. The soil is generally fertile. Gray- 
wacke slate is found in the t., from which flag- 
ging stones are exported. The village on the 
Hudson contains 1 Episcopal, 1 Dutch Reformed, 
1 Lutheran, and 1 Baptist church, and a Friends' 
meeting-house, and 200 dwellings. Incorporated 
1805. In the t. are 18 stores, cap. $35,610 ; 1 tan- 
nery, 1 distillery, 1 flouring m. Cap. in manufac. 
$98,650. 3 sch. 80 scholars. Pop. 2,387. From 
20 to 25 sloops are employed in the trade with N. 
York city. A steam ferryboat connects this place 
with Hudson. 

Athens, p-b., Bradford co.. Pa., 152 n. by e- 
Harrisburg, 262 W. It was formerly called Tio- 
ga Point, and is situated at the junction of Che- 
mung r. with the Susquehanna. It is beautifully 
situated on an undulating plain, en-vironed by 
mountains. It has 1 Presbyterian church, an 
acad. ; 11 stores, cap. $29,450 ; and 60 dwellings. 
Pop. about 400. The North Branch canal, of 
Pennsylvania, terminates here, and will be con- 
nected by a railroad, 4 ms., with the New York 



ATH 



41 



ATL 



and Erie railroad. Its advantages promise to 
make it a place of importance. The t. contains 

2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 grist m., 14 saw m. 
5 sch. 275 scholars. Pop. 1,.532. 

Athens, t., Crawford co., Pa. It has 1 grist 
m., 5 saw m. Cai) . in mannfac. $4,300. 

Athens, county, O., is in the s. e. part of the 
state, on the Ohio r. It contains an area of 740 
sq. ms. The Hockhocking r. runs in a s. E. di- 
rection tlirough the co., and several of its branches 
furnish good mill sites. There are also several 
other small rivers, among which is Raccoon cr., 
in the w. part of tJie co. Two tovwiships in this 
CO., containing 46,030 acres, were granted by the 
United States congress to the Ohio Company, for 
the use of a university. The surface is broken 
and hilly, but the soil is productive, and adapted 
alike to grain and to grazing. Lime and freestone, 
and clay for brick, are abundant, and furnish great 
facilities for building. Bituminous coal is plenty, 
iron ore is found in many places, and several wells 
have been sunk, from which salt of an excellent 
quality is manufactured. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 15,871, sheep 29,5'JO, swine 24,459; 
wheat 175,894 bush, produced, Ind. corn 387,077, 
oats 152,346, potatoes 63,740, tobacco 108,878 
pounds, sugar 69,202, salt 92,800 bush., bitumin- 
ous coal 84,200 ; 54 stores, cap. $64,700 ; 6 tan- 
neries, 1 distillery, 18 grist m., 52 saw m., 3 oil 
m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. 
in manufac. $105,850. 1 university, and 1 acad., 
88 sch. 2,083 scholars. Pop. 19,109. 

Athens, p-v., and capital of Athens co., Ohio. 
72 s. E. Columbus, 339 W. It is beautifully situ- 
ated on a pemnsula, formed by a bend in the 
Hockhocking r. It is in the northernmost of 2 
townships, granted by congress for the support 
of a university. The houses are generally built 
of brick, and are large and commodious ; and the 
whole appearance of the village is picturesque 
and beautiful. It contains over 100 dwellings 
and 710 inhabitants. The public buildings are 
a Presbyterian and Methodist church, a college, 
and an academy, a court house, public offices, a 
jail, &c. The Oliio University was founded in 
1821, has a president, 5 professors, or other in- 
structors, 145 alumni, of whom 34 liave been 
clergymen 165 students, and 2,500 volumes in its 
libraries. The commencement is on the first 
Wednesday in August. Its funds yield about 
$5,000. Connected with it is an academy, with 
a building 2 stories high, containing 40 students. 
The college edifice including a stone basement, 
is 4 stories high, on a slight eminence m the s. part 
of the town, with a beautiful green of several acres 
in front. It is one of the most respectable institu- 
tions of the kind in the state. 1 here are in the 
V. 13 stores, cap. 26,600; 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 

3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $24,900. 3 schools, 
120 scholars. Athens t., in which the above vil- 
lage is situated has, exclusive of the village, 2 saw 
m., 6 grist m., 9 sch., 208 scholars. Pop. 1,593. 

Athens, p t., Calhoun co., Mich., 126 w. De- 
troit, 584 W. It contains 1 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $3,000. 2 sch. 45 scholars. Pop. 134. 

Athens, t., Harrison co., O. It has 7 sch. 242 
scholars. Pop. 1,439. 

Athens, p-o,, Caroline co., Va. 

Athens, p-v., and capital of Clarke co., Ga., 
75 N. by w. Milledgeville, 610 W. It is on the 
w. bank of the Oconee r. It is the seat of the 
Georgia University, which was founded in 1785. 
It has a president and 8 professors, or other in- 
structors, 433 alumni, 116 students, and 11,000 
volumes in its libraries. The commencement is 
on the first Wednesday in August. It has a fund 
of $100,000 in bank stock, and 50,000 acres of 
6 



land. It has a fine philosphical apparatus, which 
cost $12,000. It has 2 large buildings, 120 by 45 
feet, a chapel, &c. There are 3 churches, 1 Pres- 
byterian, 1 Methodist, and 1 Baptist, in the place. 
Pop. about 1,200. 

Athens, p-v., and capital Limestone co., Ala., 
25 n. w. Huntsville, 154 n. by e. Tuscaloosa, 
733 W. Situated 1 m. w. of Swan cr. It con- 
tains a court house, jail, several stores and 
dwellings. 

Athens, p-v., Monroe co.. Miss., 175 n. w. 
Jackson, 906 W. Situated on a small stream, 5 
miles E. of the Tombigbee r. 

Athens, p-v., capital of McMinn co., Tenn., 
154 s. E. Nashville, 555 W. On Eastanalla cr., 15 
ms. from its entrance into the Temiessee. It has 3 
churches, 2 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist, 3 
academies, 2 male and 1 female, a court house, 
2 banks, 13 stores, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m., 2 
printing offices. Pop. 1,000. 

Athens, p-o., Fayette co., Ky., 34 s. e. Frank- 
fort, 532 W. Situated on a small branch of Ken- 
tucky r. 

Athens, p-v., Sangamon co.. 111., 14 N. Spring- 
field, 794 W. Situated 4 ms. from Sangamon 
r. It has several stores, and one steam mill for 
sawing and floiuing. It has timber of the San- 
gamon on the w., and prau-ies e., with a flourish- 
ing country around it. 

Athens, p-o., Clark co., Mo. 

ATHE.^fs, p-v., capital of Izard co.. Ark., on the 
north bank of White r. 

Athexsville, p-o., Greene co.. 111., 52 s. w. 
Springfield, 833 W. 

Athol, p-t., Worcester co., Mass., 69 w. n. w 
Boston, 410 W. Incorporated 1762. It is water- 
ed by Miller's r., which aflfbrds an extensive water 
power. The surface is uneven, and the soil good 
it has 5 stores, cap. $20,000 ; 1 furnace, 2 tan- 
neries, 3 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$48,625. 13 sch. 412 scholars. Pop. 1,591. 

Athol, p-t., Warren co., N. Y., 12 w. Cald- 
well, 74 N. by w. Albany, 443 W. It is watered 
by the Hudson r., and has 2 stores, cap. $3000, 
2 grist m., 13 saw m. Pop. 1,210. 

Atkinson, p-t., Piscatiquis co., Me., 35 n. n. 
E. Bangor, 90 n. e. Augusta, 687 W. Incorpo- 
rated 1819. It has 2 stores, cap. $600 ; 1 tannery, 
2 grist m., 2 saw m., 6 com. sch. 280 scholars. 
Pop. 704. 

Atkinson, p-t., Rockingham co., N. IL, 33 s. e. 
Concord, 466 W. Tlie surface is uneven, but 
the soil good, and well cultivated. Incorporated 
1767. An academy here was incorporated in 
1791, and is one of the most respectable in the 
state. An island of 7 or 8 acres in a meadow, 
sometimes overflowed by means of an artificial 
dam, rises with the water, sometimes to the 
height of 6 feet, and also settles as the water 
subsides. This is a wonderful fact, stated on the 
authority of Dr. Belknap. It has 1 store, cap. 
$500 ; 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$3,600. 1 acad. 120 students, 6 sch. 181 scholars. 
Pop. 557. 

Atki.nson's Mills, p-o., Miffiin co., Pa., 73 n. 
w. Harrisburg, 149 W. 

Atlantic, county, N. J., situated in the south 
part of the state, and contains 550 square miles. 
Watered by Great Egg Harbor r. and its branches. 
Little Egg Harbor r. boimds it on the n. e., and 
receives various branches from the county. The 
Atlantic lies on its s. E. border, and has along its 
shore numerous bays and islands, and exten.sive 
marshes. The soil is generally light and sandy. 
Capital, May's Landing. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 4,668, sheep 2,413, swine 2,959 : wheat 
2,099 bush, prod., rye 1,661, Ind. corn 60,370, poU- 



AUB 



42 



AUD 



toes 15,932, oats 8,750 ; 43 stores, cap. $G8,800 ; 2 
glass houses, 12 grist m., 33 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $112,50. 35 sch. 2,520 scholars. Pop. 8,726. 

Atlas, p-v.. Pike co.. 111., 81 w. by s. Spring- 
field, 861 W. It is a handsome tract of ground, 
luider the bluffs, half a mile from Snycartee 
Slough, which is navigable for steamboats to this 
place, in high water. 

Atlas, t., Lapeer co., Mich. It contains 2 
stores, cap. $1,300 ; 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $11,000. 4 schools, 98 scholars. Pop. 
660. 

Atsion, p-v., Galloway t., Burlington co., N. 
J., 43 s. Trenton, 167 W. Situated on Atsion r. 
Here is an extensive furnace, a forge, grist m., 
and 3 saw m. The furnace employs about 100 
men. 

Attala, county. Miss., in the central part of 
the state, contains 720 sq. ms. Drained by Big 
Black r., and the head branches of Pearl r. Sur- 
face level, soil moderately good. Capital, Kos- 
ciusko. There were in 1840, neat cattle 915, sheep 
6S7, swine 13,640 ; wheat 2,909 busliels produced, 
Ind. corn 170,892, oats 5,537, potatoes 28,322, to- 
bacco 4,174 pounds, rice 3,230, cotton 151,489 ; 

2 stores, cap. $2,500 ; 6 grist m., 6 saw m., 1 print- 
ing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manuf. 
$30,900. 6 sch. 85 scholars. Pop. 1840, whites 
2,955, slaves 1,082, free colored 266 ; total, 4,303. 

Attapulgus, p-o., Decatur co., Ga., 200 s. s. 
w. Milledgeville, 858 W. 

Attica, p-t., Wyoming co., N. Y., 257 w. Al- 
bany, 375 W. Tiie surface is rolling, and the 
soil, a fertile clay loam. It is watered by the 
Tonawanda cr. and its tributaries. The village 
contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist church, 
a bank, a female seminary, 8 stores, 2 grist m., 1 
tannery, 1 clothiers' works, 100 dwellings, and 
800 inhabitants. There are in the t. 12 stores, 
cap. $15,000 , 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tan- 
neries, 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 1 
flouring m., 2 gnst m., 4 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. 
in manufac. $33,950. 2 acad. 140 students, 13 
sch. 725 scholars. Pop. 2,710. 

Attica, p-v, Venice t., Seneca co., O., 80 n. 
Columbus, 405 W. It was laid out in 1834 ; has 

3 stores, and over 20 dwellings. Pop. over 100. 
Attica, p-o.. Fountain co., la., 73 w. n. w. 

Indianapolis, 644 W. Situated on the e. side of 
Wabash r. 

Attica Centre, p-v., Attica t., Wyoming co., 
N. Y., 261 w. Albany, 371 W. 

Attleborough, p-t., Bristol county, Ms., 12 n. 
Providence, 30 s. Boston, 412 W. Incorporated 
1694. Branches of Pawtucket r. pass tluougli the 
t., and afford extensive water power. It has 8 
stores, 6 cotton fac. with 9,846 spin.; amount pro- 
duced $150,000 ; 2 grist ra., 3 saw m. Total cap. 
in manufac. $280,000. 1 acad. 50 students, 24 
sch. 833 scholars. Pop. 3,585. 

Attleborough, p-v., Buck's co.. Pa.. 20 n. 
E. Philadelphia, 120 e. Harrisburg, 162 W. 

Attlebury, p-o., Sanford t., Dutchess co., N. 
Y., 71 s. Albany, 322 W. 

Atwater, p-t.. Portage co., O., 21 e. Akron, 
144 N. E. Columbus, 310 W. It has 1 Congrega- 
tional and 1 Methodist church, 3 schools, 128 
scholars. Pop. 755. 

Auburn, p-t., Worcester co., Ms., 5 s. by w. 
Worcester, 47 w. s. w. Boston, 395 W. Incor- 
porated in 1788, by the name of Ward. French 
r. passes through it. It lias 2 stores, cap. $4,000 ; 
1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 4 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $11,400. 6 sch. 181 scholars. 
Pop. 649. 

Auburn, p-v., capital of Cayuga co., N. Y., 
173 w. Albany, 333 W. On the outlet of Owas- 



co lake, 7 s. Erie canal. It has a state prison which 
is considered a model for such institutions. It oc- 
cupies a plot of ground 500 by 1000 ft., which is 
enclosed by a stone wall 3,000 feet in length, 30 
feet high, and 4 feet thick at the base. The out- 
let of Owasco lake passes along the outside of 
the s. wall, and by a water-wheel and shaft 
through the wall, moves machinery within the 
prison. The prison buildings stand about 80 feet 
within the outside wall, and form 3 sides of a 
square, the front of which is 280 feet long, and 
the wings 240 feet long and 45 wide. ITie 
earnings exceeded the expenditures in 1839, by 
$8,490. 

There is a flourishing theological seminary at 
Auburn, under the patronage and direction of 
the Presbyterians, founded in 1821, which has 4 
professors and 71 students. Whole number ed- 
ucated, 344. Vols, in libraries, 5,000. Auburn 
has a court house, jail, and other county buildings. 
The Auburn Academy, and the Auburn Female 
Seminary, are incorporated institutions. There 
are 7 churches — 2 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, 1 
3Iethodist, 1 Episcopal, 1 Roman Catholic, and 1 
Universalist. It has a museum, and 2 banking 
houses. There are 59 stores, cap. .$341,447; 1 
woollen fac, 1 cotton factory, 2 tanneries, 1 distil- 
lery, 1 brewery, 4 flouring m., 2 saw m., 3 fur- 
naces, 4 printing offices, 4 newspapers, 1 daily and 
3 weekly. Cap. in manufac $643,550. 2 acad., 
250 students, 9 schools, 740 scholars. Popula- 
tion 5,626. 

Auburn, p-o., Chester co., Pa., 79 s. E. Har- 
risburg, 103 W. 

Auburn, p-o., Fauquier co., Va., 109 n. by w. 
Richmond, 5S W. 

Auburn, p-t., Geauga co., O., 156 n. e. Co- 
lumbus, 33J W. It is a fine farming town. It 
has 3'JO houses ; 3 stores, with a cap. of $7,000 ; 
1 tannery, 4 saw m. Cap in manufac. $4,500. 
10 sch. d20 scholars. Pop. 1,198. 

Auburn, p-v., Pontiac t., Oakland co., Mich., 
27 N. w. Detroit, 549 W. Situated on the s. side 
of Clinton r., and contains 1 Baptist church, 
an academy, and several stores. Pop. about 
100. 

Auburn, p-o., De Kalb co., la., 153 n. n. e. 
Indianapolis, 566 W. 

Auburn, p-v., Sangamon co.. 111., 15 s. by w. 
Springfield, 795 W . It is on the n. side of Sugar 
creek, surrounded by a beautiful prairie. It has 
3 stores, and 12 or 15 families. 

Auburn, p-v., Lincoln co.. Mo., 84 e. n. e. 
Jefferson city, 872 W. 

Auburn, p-o., Hinds co., Miss., 32 w. Jackson, 
1,042 W. 

Auburn, p o., Gwinnett co., Ga., 94 n. n. w 
Milledgeville, 655 W. 

Auburn, p-v., Macon co., Ala., 172 s. e. Tus- 
caloosa, 786 W. 

Auburn, (Four Corners,) p-v., Susquehan- 
na CO., Pa., 185 N. by e. Harrisburg, 285 W. In 
the t. are 2 stores, cap. $3,000 ; 1 grist m., 3 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $3,995. 8 schools, 200 
scholars. Pop. 1,113. 

Audrain, county. Mo. It is central toward 
the e. part of the state, and contains 435 sq. ms. 
The surface is level, and the soil good. It is 
drained by the s. Fork of Salt river. Capital, 
Mexico. There were in 1840, neat cattle 2,016, 
sheep 1,655, swine 5,975 ; wheat 2,927 bush, pro- 
duced, Ind. corn 77,320, oats 12,700, potatoes 
3,715, tobacco 24,080 pounds ; 4 stores, cap. 
$7,600; 5 grist m., 2 saw m. ; 2 sch. 45 scholars. 
Pop. whites 1,752, slaves 195, free col'd 2 ; total, 
1,949. 

Audubon, p-o., Hardiman co., Tenn., 172 s. w. 



AUG 



43 



AUR 



Nashville, 887 W. It is on Cat cr., 10 s. s. e. 
Bolivar. 

Auglaize, t., Allen co., O. It has 3 schools. 
Pop. 732. 

Auglaize, t., Paulding co., O. Pop. 298. 

Auglaize, r., O., rises in Allen co., has nu- 
merous branches, and forms a large brancli of 
the Maumee r., entering it on the s. side, at De- 
fiance. It is boatable, in liigh water, 50 or 60 
miles. 

Augusta, p-t., capital of Kennebec co., and of 
the state of Me., is situated on both sides of the 
Kennebec r., 43 ms. from the ocean, at the head 
of sloop navigation, 44° 18' 43" .\. lat. 69° 50' w. 
Ion., 146 N. E. Concord, N. H., 163 n. n. e. Bos- 
ton, Mass., 595 W. Pop. 1810, 1,805; 1820, 
2,475; 1830, 3,980; 1840, 5,314. First settled 
1771, incorporated 1797. The t. is 8 by 6 miles. 
The parts of the village are connected by a fine 
bridge across the Kennebec, 520 feet long, 
which cost $23,000. It is regularly laid out ; the 
ground rises on each side of the river ; it has 
many fine buildings, and the streets are orna- 
mented by trees on each side. Its agriculture, 
commerce, and manufactures are flourisliing. 
Its toimage is over 3,000. The state house is a 
beautiful white granite building on a command- 
ing eminence, half a mile s. from the village. 
The apartments for the senate, house of repre- 
sentatives, and state offices, are spacious and 
elegant. Before it, is a spacious park, ornament- 
ed with walks and trees. The United States 
arsenal is a large stone edifice on the e. side of 
the r. The state insane hospital is a splendid 
granite edifice with wings, on the E. side of the 
r., surrounded by 70 acres of ground, and cost 
§100,000. The Augusta high school is a large 
brick building, 65 by 50 feet, 2 stories high, with 
a fine doric portico, and cost $7,000. There is a 
splendid dam erected across the Kerniebec, half 
a mile above the village, with locks to facilitate 
navigation, completed in 1337, at an expense of 
$300,000, which will create an immense water 
power. In constructing the dam, 2,500,000 feet 
of timber were used, and 75,000 tons of stones 
and gravel were deposited in it. The pond 
formed by this dam extends 16 miles, and covers 
1,200 acres. It has 64 stores, cap. $141,650 ; 
3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 4 grist m., 4 saw m., 2 
oil m. Cap. in manufac. $66,550. 2 acad. 150 
students, 26 sch. 1,129 scliolars. 

Augusta, p-t., Oneida co., N. Y., 100 w. n. w. 
Albany, 370 W. The v. is on Skanandoa cr. 
Contains 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, and 1 3Ietho- 
dist church, an academy, 2 stores, 1 grist m., and 
40 dwellings. The t. contains 4 stores, cap. 
$22,000 ; 2 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 5 grist m., 6 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $45,950. 1 acad. 92 
students, 14 sch. 626 scholars. Pop. 2,175. 

Augusta, p-v., Frankford t., Sussex co., N. J., 
75 N. Trenton, 244 W. It has a Presbyterian 
church, and 8 or 10 dwellings. 

Augusta, p-t., Northumberland co., Pa., 65 n. 
Harrisbm-g, 165 W. The surface is diversified ; 
soil, alluvial, red shale, and gravel. Drained by 
Great and Little Shamokin creeks, which unite 
and flow into the Susquehanna. It has 1 store, 
cap. $3,000 ; 1 pottery, 5 grist m., 7 saw ra. Cap. 
in manufac. $2 1,40;). 9 sch. 452 sch's. Pop. 2,409. 

Augusta, p-t., Carroll co., O., 135 e. Colum- 
bus, 304 W. It is watered by tributaries of 
Sandy cr. Pop. 1,234. 

Augusta, p-v., Des Moines co., Iowa. Situa- 
ted on the N. side of Skunk r. It contains seve- 
ral stores and neat dwellings, 1 carding ma- 
chine, and 1 flouring m., the largest in the s. part 
of the territory. 



^ Augusta, C. H., p-v.. Bracken co., Ky., 73 n. e 
Frankfort, 487 W. It contains a church, a court 
house, a jail, and a college with 104 students, 1 
sch. 28 scholars. Pop. 786. 

Augusta, county, Va., central in the w. dis- 
trict, contains 900 sq. ms. The surface is uneven 
or mountainous. It is drained by tributaries of 
James r. and Slienandoah r. The soil is fertile, 
of which wheat is the principal production. 
Capital, Staunton. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 21,479, sheep 19,660, swine 32,445 ; wheat 
324,332 bush, produced, rye 92,227, Ind. corn 
334,403, oats 244,889, potatoes 48,357 ; 34 stores, 
cap. $117,300; 2 fulhng m., 18 tanneries, 53 
distilleries, 3 furnaces, 1 paper manufac, 29 flour- 
ing m., 13 grist m., 31 saw m., 3 oil m., 1 printing 
office, 1 weekly paper. Cap. in manufac. 
$137,910. 2 acad. 60 students, 29 com. sch. 
633 scholars. Pop. 1830, 19,925; 1840, wlutes 
15,072, slaves 4,145, free col'd 421 ; total 19,628. 

Augusta, p-v., city and capital of Richmond 
CO., Ga., on the s. w. side of Savannah r., 96 
Milledgeville, 120 n. w. Savannah, 575 W. 
Pop. 1830, 4,000 ; 1840, 6,403. It is regularly 
laid out and handsomely built, chiefly of brick. 
The streets cross eacli other at right angles, and 
are ornamented with trees, and many of the 
houses are spacious and elegant. It has a city 
liall, court house, jail, theatre, arsenal, hospital, 
and a female asylum. It contains 7 churches, 

1 Baptist, 1 Episcopal, 1 Methodist, 1 Presbyte- 
rian, 1 Roman Cathohc, 1 Unitarian, and 1 
African. It is connected with Charleston and 
Milledgeville by railroad. It has a rich back 
coiuitry, and a very active trade, and sends a 
great amount of cotton, tobacco, and other pro- 
duce, down the r. to Savannah. It contains 12 
commission houses in foreign trade, capital 
$245,000 ; 265 stores, cap. $1,281,870 ; 2 furnaces, 

2 printing offices, 2 daily, 4 weekly, 2 semi- 
weekly newspapers, and 2 periodicals. Cap. 
in manufac. $44,500. 3 acad. 105 students, 3 
sch. 148 scholars. 

Augusta, p-v., and capital of Perry co., Miss., 
173 s. E. Jackson, 1,051 W. It is situated on 
Leaf r., a branch of the Pascagoula r. 

Augusta, p-v., Marion co., la., 9 n. Indian- 
apolis, 530 W. Situated on a branch of White r. 

Augusta, p-v., Hancock co.. 111., 87 w. by s. 
Springfield, 865 W. 

Augusta, t., Kalamazoo co., Mich., 12 e. 
Kalamazoo. It is on the s. bank of Kalamazoo r. 
Pop. 646. 

Augusta, t., Washtenaw co., Mich. Pop. 616. 

Auraria, p-v., Lumpkin co., Ga., 135 n. n. w. 
Milledgeville, 625 W. It is situated on tlie di- 
viding ridge between Cliestatee and Etowah rs., 
in the richest part of the gold region, and is rapid- 
ly increasing in population. 

AuREHus, p-t., Cayuga co., N. Y., 5 w. Au- 
burn, 158 w. by N. Albany, 337 W. The sur- 
face is undulating, and the soil good, being clay 
and gravelly loam. Watered by the Owasco 
outlet, and streams flowing w. into Cayuga lake. 
It has 3 stores, cap. $24,950 ; 3 fulhng m., 3 
woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 1 flouring m., 6 grist 
m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $52,900. It 
has 14 sch. 786 scholars. Pop. 2,645. 

Aurelius, t., Washuigton co., O., 20 n. Ma- 
rietta, 40 s. e. Columbus, 408 W. Situated on 
the w. branch of Duck cr. The surface is hilly, 
and the soil rich. 

Aurelius, t., Ingham co., Mich. It has 1 
sch. 20 scholars. Pop. 148. 

Auriesville, p-o.. Glen t., Montgomery co., 
N. Y., 40 N. w. Albany, 403 W. 

Aurora, t., Erie co., N. Y., 276 w. Albany, 



AUT 



44 



AVO 



15 s. E. Buffalo. The surface is undulating; 
soil, clay and gravelly loam. Drained by Se- 
neca and Cazenove creeks. It contains 10 
stores, cap. $24,600 ; 3 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 5 
grist m., 19 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $62,325. 
Pop. 2,908. 

Aurora, p-t., Hancock co., Me., 116 e. Au- 
gusta, 698 W. It has 2 sch. 50 scholars. Pop. 
149. 

Aurora, p-v., Ledyard t., Cayuga co., N. Y., 
170 w. Albany, 323 W. Delightfully situated 
on the E. bank of Cayuga lake. Incorporated, 
1837. It has 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, and 1 
Methodist church, the Cayuga academy, 4 
stores, and several warehouses, 80 dwellings, 
and 500 inhabitants. It has a number of manu- 
factories ; and steamboats stop here several 
times daily. 

Aurora, p-t., Portage co., O., 25 Cleveland, 
144 N. E. Columbus, 335 W. It has 2 churches, 
4 stores, and 16 mechanic shops. It is celebra- 
ted for the quantity and quality of its cheese. 
More than 2,000 cows are kept in the town, 
which produce over 300 tons of cheese, and 30 
tons of butter annuajly. 7 schools, 199 scholars. 
Pop. 906. 

Aurora, p-v., Racine co., Wis. Ter., 110 s. E. 
Madison, 776 W. 

Aurora, p-v.. Dearborn co., la., 87 s. E. In- 
dianapolis, 518 W. Situated on the n. w. bank 
of Ohio r. 

Aurora, p-v., Kane co.. El., 117 n. n. e. 
Springfield, 754 W. Situated on the w. side of 
Fox r. 

Aurora, p-v., Callaway co., Ky., 243 s. w. 
Frankfort, 770 W. 

Aurora, p-o., Marshall co., Ala., 122 n. n. e. 
Tuscaloosa, 715 W. 

Aurora, p-o., Clark co., Ark. 

Au Sable, t, Clinton co., N. Y., 15 s. Platts- 
burg, 140 N. Albany. The surface is undula- 
ting or hilly ; soil, sandy and clay loam. Drain- 
ed by Great and Little Au Sable rivers. It has 
17 stores, cap. $60,300 ; 1 tannery, 1 brewery, 1 
grist m., 15 saw m., 2 furnaces. Cap. in manu- 
lac. $101,975. Pop. 3,222. 

Au Sable, p-o.. Jay t., Essex co., N. Y., 144 
N. Albany, 519 W. ^ 

Au Sable, p-o., Kendall co.. 111. 

Au Sable Forks, p-v., Jay t., Essex co., N. 
Y., 151 Albany, 529 W. It is situated at the 
jrmction of the e. and w. branch of Au Sable r. 
It has 1 church, 5 stores, 1 forge, 1 rolling m., 1 
nail factory, 2 saw m., and 70 dwellings. Pop 
500. 

Au Sable, r., rises in Essex co., N. Y., near 
the head waters of the Hudson, and empties into 
Lake Chamjilain, in the s. part of Clinton co. 
It passes by the manufacturing villages of Clin- 
tonville, Koeseville, and Birmingham, affording 
by its falls great water power. Immediately 
below the lower falls at Birmingham, the river 
passes through a chasm, for the distance of 2 
miles, in which the banks consist of nearly per- 
pendicular rocks, from 75 to 150 feet high, and 
about 50 feet across at top. 

Autauga, county, Ala., near the centre of the 
state, contains 1,000 sq. ms. The surface is va- 
ried and broken, and tlie soil moderately fertile, 
except on the rivers, where it is rich. It is 
drained by Autauga cr. and other branches of 
the Alabama r. Capital, Kingston. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 9,989, sheep 1,889, swine 8,938 ; 
wheat 7,155 bush, produced, rye 2,326, Ind. corn 
402,700, oats 26,159, potatoes 22,090, cotton 
1,076,801 pounds, 3 tanneries, 1 pottery, 3 flouring 
ra., 43 grist m., 20 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. 



!|iil77,250. 1 acad. 50 students, 22 com. sch. 549 
scholars. Pop. 1830, 11,874; 1840, whites 6,217 
slaves 8,109, free col'd 16 ; total, 14,312. 

Austerlitz, p-t., Columbia co., N. Y., 31 s. s. 
w. Albany, 363 W. The surface is hilly and 
rough, and the soil is gravelly, and clay loam. It 
is watered by Green r., a branch of the Housato- 
nic. The village has 1 church, 2 stores, and 20 
dwellings. Spencertovvn is another small vil- 
lage in the town. The t. contains 4 stores, cap. 
$2,900 ; 2 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 4 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $19,600. 1 acad. 35 stu- 
dents, 18 sch. 824 scholars. Pop. 2,091. 

Austerlitz, p-v., Kentco., Mich., 178 w. N. 
w. Detroit, 659 W. 

AusTiNBURG, p-t., Ashtabula CO., O., 201 n. e. 
Columbus, 334 W. It has 1 Presbyterian church, 
1 academy, 1 store, 2 flouring m., 3 saw m., 1 
oil m., 1 woollen fac, 2 fulling m., and 2 carding 
machines, 1 acad. 71 students. Pop. 1,047. 

Austin's Ferry, p-o., Grainger co., Tenn., 
217 E. by N. Nashville, 473 W. 

AusTiNTOWN, t., Trumbull co., O., 12 s. e. 
Warren, 160 n. e. Columbus ; 12 sch. 425 scho- 
lars. Pop. 1,245. 

AusTiNviLLE, p-o., Wythe co., Va., 247 w. 
s. w. Richmond, 315 W. 

AusTiNviLLE, p-o., Livingston co.. Mo., 173 
N. w. Jefferson city, 1,067 W. 

Ava, p-o., Boonville t., Oneida co., N. Y., 124 
w. N. w. Albany, 408 W. 

Ava, p-v., Winnebago co., 111. 

AvERiLL, t., Essex CO., Vt., 30 n. Guildhall, on 
the Canada line. The head branches of Nulhe- 
gan r. flow s. into the Connecticut, while other 
streams, the outlets of large ponds, flow into the 
St. Francis r. in Canada. The soil is broken 
and cold. Pop. 11. 

Avent's Cross Roads, p-o., Greenville co., 
Va., 99 s. Richmond, 215 W. 

AvERYSBOROUGH, p-v., Cumberland co., N. C, 
35 s. Raleigh, 323 W. On the s. E. bank of 
Cape Fear r. 

Avery's Gore, t., Addison co., Vt. It lies 
nearly on the summit of the Green Mountains. 
Chartered in 1791, and has 1 sch. 10 scholars. 
Pop. 78. 

Avery's Gore, p-t., Franklin co., Vt., 57 n. 
by w. Montpelier, 567 W. 1 sch. 12 scholars. 
Pop. 35. 

Aviston, p-t., Clinton co.. 111., 102 s. Spring- 
field, 786 W. 

AvocA, p-v., Bath t., Steuben co., N. Y., 225 
w. by s. Albany, 307 W. It is on the Conhoc- 
ton r., and has 1 Presbyterian church, 2 stores, 
1 flouring m., 2 saw m., and 30 dwellings. Pop. 
200. 

AvocA, p-o., Jefferson co., Mo., 159 e. by s. 
Jefferson city, 92! W. 

Avon, p-t., Franklin co., Me., 49 N. w. Augus- 
ta, 635 W. 2 stores, cap. $900 ; 3 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $1,915. 13 sch. 345 scholars. Pop. 
827. 

Avon, p-t., Hartford co., Ct., 10 w. n. w. 
Hartford, 336 W. It was taken from Farming- 
ton in 1830, and has considerable good land on 
the borders of Farmington r. It contains 3 stores, 
cap. $3,000 ; 1 fulling m., 3 grist m., 2 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $8,500. 5 sch. 164 scholars. 
Pop. 1,001. 

Avon, p-v., Livingston co., N. Y., 222 w. by 
N. Albany, 355 W. It is pleasantly situated 
about half a mile e. of Genesee r., elevated 
100 feet above the level of the r. The village 
contains 3 churches, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, and 
1 Methodist, 3 hotels and public boarding houses. 
4 stores, and various mechanic shops. On the 



BAT 



45 



BAI 



s. w. of the village are two celebrated mineral 
springs, 60 or 80 rods apart. Near them are 3 
bathing houses, for the use of the waters. These 
waters contain various salts, with sulphuretted 
hydrogen gas, and other gases, and are effica- 
cious in disordered digestion, rheumatism, gout, 
and cutaneous affections. The t. contains 10 
stores, cap. $16,000; 1 furnace, 1 Houring m., 2 
grist mills, 3 sawmills. Capital in manufactures 
^46,960. 15 sch. 315 scholars. Pop. 2,999. 

Avon, p-t., Lorain co., O., 17 w. Cleveland, 
135 N. N. E. Columbus, 377 W. It hes bordering 
on Lalve Erie. French cr. passes through the 
middle of the town. It has 1 store, capital 
$3,000; 1 tannery, 5 saw mill. Capital in 
manufactures, $2,900. 7 schools, 305 scholars. 
Pop. 1,220. 

Avon, p-v., Kane co., HI., 198 n. n. e. Spring- 
field, 769 W. 

Avon, t., Oakland co., Mich. It contains 9 
stores, cap. $23,150; 3 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 
distillery, 5 flouring m., 3 grist m., 5 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $85,745. 8 sch. 517 scholars. 
Pop. 1,630. 

AvoNDALE, p-o., Chester co., Pa., 71 s. E. 
Harrisburg, 101 W. 



AxEviLLE, p-o., Connewango t., Cattaraugus 
CO., N. Y., 312 w. by s. Albany, 342 W. 

Ayersville, p-o., Stokes Co., N. C, 122 w.n. 
w. Raleigh, 302 W. 

Aylett's, p-o.. King William co., Va., 28 n. 
E. Richmond, 116 W. 

Azalia, p-v., Bartholomew co., la., 60 s. s. e. 
Indianapolis, 596 W. 

AzTALAN, p-t., Jefferson co.. Wis., 30 e. by s. 
Madison, 840 W. It has 1 saw m., 2 sch. 42 
scholars. Pop. 250. 

Avoyelles, parish. La., lies on the w. of the 
Mississippi, and the Atchafalaya and the Red r. 
pass through it. It contains a surface of 1,080 
sq. ms. I'he part of it bordering on the streams 
is subject to be overflowed, and is not fit for cul- 
tivation ; but in its w. part, is a slightly elevated 
table land, which is dry, and tolerably fertile. 
The principal production is cotton. Capital, 
Marksville. It had in 1840, neat cattle 9,801, 
sheep 1,870, swine 1,510; Ind. corn 115,861 
bush, produced, potatoes 39,218, cotton 7,015,922 
pounds ; 54 grist m., 3 saw m., 50 oil m. ; 2 acad. 45 
students, 3 sch. 47 scholars. Pop. 1830, 3,484 ; 
1840, whites 3,066, slaves 3,472, free col'd 78 ; 
total, 6,616. 



B. 



Babylon, p-v., Huntington t., Suffolk co., N. 
Y., 185 s. E. Albany, 265 W. It is situated near 
South Bay, has 1 church, 4 stores, 4 m. It is a 
pleasant resort, in the summer season, for fishing 
and fowling. Pop. about 250. 

Bachelor's Retreat, p-o., Pickens dist., S. 
C, 20 s. w. Pendleton, 167 n. w. Columbia, 572 W. 

Bachman's Mills, p-o., Carroll co., Md., 65 n. 
AnnapoUs, 75 W. 

Back Creek, p-o., Somerset co., Md., 117 s. 
E. Annapohs, 157 W. 

Back Creek, p-o., Scriven co., Ga., 123 e. 
Milledgeville, 644 W. 

Back Creek Valley, p-o., Frederick co., 
Va., 159 N. Richmond, 87 W. 

Bacon Castle, p-o., Surry co., Va., 63 s. e. 
Richmond, 186 W. 

Bad River, rises in Saginaw co., Mich., and 
enters into Saginaw r. 

Bagdad, p-o.. Smith co., Tenn., 64 E. n. e. 
Nashville, 643 W. 

Baggs, p-o., Mcintosh co., Ga., 130 s. E. Mil- 
ledgeville, 35 Darien. 

Bahama Channel, or Gulf of Florida, the nar- 
row sea between the coast of America and tiie 
Bahama islands, 135 ms. long, and 46 wide. The 
currents here are most violent, formed by an in- 
flection of the Gulf Stream, passing at the rate of 
from 2 to 5 ms. an hour, among islands ; and ves- 
sels are frequently wrecked in passing through 
this strait. 

Baileysburgh, p-v., Surry co., Va., 66 s. e. 
Richmond, 185 W. 

Bailey's Landing, p-o., Lincoln co.. Mo., 96 
N. E. Jefferson city, 865 W. 

Bailey's Mills, p-o., Jefferson co., Flor. 

Baileyville, p-t., Washington co., Me., 209 
E. Augusta, 795 W. Situated on the St. Croix r. 
It has 1 saw m. ; 4 sch. 154 scholars. Pop. 329. 

Bailevsville, p-o., Centre co., Pa., 98 n. w. 
Harrisburg, 170 W. 

Bald Eagle, t., Clinton co.. Pa. Pop. 1,178. 

Bainbridge, p-t., Chenango co., N. Y., 104 vv. 
by s. Albany, 320 W. The soil is good, and 
adapted both to grain and grazing. It is watered 
by the Susquehanna r. and its tributaries. Pop. 
3,324.7 grist m., 12 saw m. ; 24 sch. 1,064 scholars. 



Bainbridge, p-v., West Donnegal t., Lancas- 
ter CO., Pa., 20 s. E. Harrisburg, 112 W. It is on 
the w. bank of the Susquehanna, and contains 15 
or 20 dwellings. 

Bainbridge, p-v., Ross co., O., 18 s. w. Chili- 
cothe, 69 s. Columbus, 424 W. It is near the falls 
of Paint cr., contains 2 brick churches, and about 
60 dwellings. 

Bainbridge, t., Geauga co., O., in the s. w. 
corner of the co. It is watered by Chagrin r. and 
its branches. It contains 1 store, cap. $300 ; 1 
tannery, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. ; 10 sch. 389 scholars. 
Pop. 988. 

Bainbridge, t, Berrien co., Mich. It has 1 
grist in., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,500. 2 
sch. 41 scholars. Pop. 251. 

Bai.nbridge, p-v., and capital of Decatur co., 
Ga., 188 s. s. w. Milledgeville, 845 W. Situated 
on the E. side of Flint r. It has a court house, 
jail, and several dwellings. 

Bainbridge, p-v., Putnam co., la., 38 w. In- 
dianapolis, 609 W. Situated a little w. of the 
Walnut fork of Eel r. 

Bainbridge, p-o., Macon co., Ala., 102 s. e. 
Tuscaloosa, 789 VV. 

Bainbridge, p-v., Williamson co.. 111., 176 s. by 
E. Springfield, 827 W. Situated on the s. side of 
a small branch of Big Muddy r. 

Bainbridge, v., Cape Girardeau CO., Mo. Sit- 
uated on the Mississippi r., e. of Jackson, the co. 
seat, and opposite Hamburg. 

Bainbridge Centre, p-o., Bainbridge t., Che- 
nango CO., N. Y., 107 w. by s. Albany, 317 W. 

Bairdstow.n, p-t., capital of Nelson co., Ky., 
40 s. w. Frankfort, 60 w. s. w. Lexington, 615 W. 
It is on the e. side of Beech Fork, one of the 
branches of Salt r. It has a stone court house 
and jail, a church, market house, 1 acad. 100 stu- 
dents, 1 sch. 35 scholars. Pop. 1,492. St. Jo- 
seph's college, Roman Catholic, situated in the 
vicinity, was founded in 1819. It has a president, 
and 14 professors or other instructors, 150 alumni, 
69 students, and 7,000 volumes in its libraries. 
The commencement is on the 1st of August. 

Baiting Hollow, p-v., Riverhead t., Suffolk 
CO., N. Y., 221 s. e. Albany, 301 W. Contains a 
Methodist church, and about 12 or 15 dwellings. 



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46 



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Baker, p-o., Jackson t., Champaig;ii co., O., 
11 s. w. Urbanna, 56 w. Columbus, 450 W. 

Baker's, p-o., Lenawee co., Mich., 82 s. w. 
Detroit, 497 W. 

Baker's, r., Grafton co., N. H., is formed of a 
N. and s. branch, the former of which rises near 
Moosehillock mountain, and pursuing a s. e. and 
K. course, it falls into Pemigewasset r., just above 
the village of Plymouth. 

Baker's Island, Mass., off Salem harbor, on 
the N. end of which is a light-house. It is not 
quite half a mile long, and is 5 ms. e. n. e. of Sa- 
lem. 

Baker's Falls, on Hudson r., Sandy Hill t., 
Washington co., N. Y. The falls, with the con- 
nected rapid.s, descend 70 feet in 100 rods. 

Baker, county, Ga., is situated in the s. w. 
part of the state. Organized in 1825. It is wa- 
tered by Flint r., which passes through it from the 
N. E. to the s. w. The Itchawaynochaway and its 
branches, also traverse it from n. to s., and 
enter Flint r. near the s. border of the county. 
The soil is sandy, but productive for sugar. Cap- 
ital, Newton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
12,450, sheep 879, swine 13,355; wheat 1,931 
bush, produced, Ind. corn 92,509, oats 2,718, po- 
tatoes 5,222, cotton 815,473 pounds, sugar 4,200; 
8 stores, cap. $33,116 ; 2 grist m.,2saw m. Pop. 
1830, 1,253 ; 1840, whites 2,447, slaves 1,773, free 
col'd 6 ; total, 4,226. 

Bakersfield, p-t., Franklin co., Vt., 30 n. e. 
Burlington, 49 n. n. w. Montpelier, 551 W. First 
settled 17S9, chartered 1791. The surface, con- 
taining 26,000 acres, is broken, but not mountain- 
ous, and the soil warm and productive. Watered 
by small branches of the Missisque r. It has 3 
stores, cap. $5,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 grist 
m., 4 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $11,450. 9 sch. 
197 scholars. Pop. 1,258. 

Bakerstown, p-v., Alleghany co.. Pa., 14 
Pittsburg, 217 w. Harrisburg, 243 W. 

Bakersville, p-v., Yancey co., N. C, 247 w. 
Raleigh, 473 W. 

Balcony Falls, p-o., Rockbridge co., Va., 
147 w. Richmond, 210 W. Situated on James r., 
at the passage of the Blue Bidge, at the western 
termination of the James r. canal. The r. is here 
compressed, and is crossed by a dam, for the pur- 
pose of feeding the canal. The surrounding 
scenery is highly picturesque. 

Bald Creek, p-o., Yancey co., N. C, 251 w. 
Raleigh, 481 W. 

Bald Eagle, t., Clinton co., Pa. It has 4 stores, 
cap. 1 1,000 ; 2 forges, 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 2 
flouring m., 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fec. $13,350. 2 sch. 99 scholars. Pop. 1,178. 

Bald Eagle, r., Pa., runs n. e. 44 ms., through 
Centre and Clinton counties, and after a course of 
50 ms., lalls into the w. branch of the Susque- 
hanna. 

Bald Eagle, mountains, Pa., situated on the 
confines of Huntingdon and Centre counties, n. 
E. of Juniata r. Bald Eagle valley lies on the e. 
side, and is 5 ms. wide, having beneath it a bed of 
limestone. This valley, whicliis pleasant, has a 
place where caverns in the rocks absorb the prhi- 
cipal streams of the valley, and they run several 
miles under ground, before they emerge. 

Bald Head, cape, on the s. w. point of Wells 
Bay, Me. 

Bald Head, the s. w. end of Smith's island, 
at the mouth of Cape F'ear r., N. C. It has a light- 
house, lat. 33° 51' N., Ion. 78° 13' w. 

Bald Mount, p-o., Luzeme co., Pa., 147 n. n. 
E. Harrisburg, 251 W. 

Baldwin, p-o., Butler co., Pa., 207 w. n. w. 
Harrisburg, 259 W. 



Baldwin, t,, Cumberland co.. Me., 40 n. w 
Portland, 150 n. n. e. Boston, 583 W. IthasSe- 
bago pond on the e., and Saco r. on the w. In- 
corporated, 1802. It contains 1 tannery, 4 grist 
m., 4 saw m. ; 11 sch. 471 scholars. Pop. 1,134. 
Baldwin, p-v., Hinds co.. Miss., 43 Jack.son, 
1,053 W. Situated on the e. side of Big Black r. 
Baldwin, county, Ga., in the central part of 
the state. It has an area of about 216 sq. ms. 
The face of the country is uneven, and the soil 
moderately good, excepting on the streams, where 
it is fertile. The Oconee r. passes through it. 
The capital of the co., and also of the state, is 
Milledgeville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
6,041, sheep 2,639, swine 12,549 ; wheat 9,779 
bush, produced, rye 1,195, Ind. corn 210,686, oats 
12,556, potatoes 9,486, cotton 1,501,654 pounds ; 
18 stores, cap. $171,000 ; 4 tanneries, 4 saw m., 
4 printing offices, 4 weekly newspapers. Cap. 
in manufac. $97,810. 1 college, 50 students, 7 
aead. 233 students, 1 sch. 12 scholars. Pop. 
1830, 7,295; 1840, whites 3,075, slaves 4, 107, free 
col'd 68; total, 7,250. 

Baldwin, county, Ala., in the s. part of the 
state. It contains about 2,000 sq. ms. The sur- 
face near the Gulf of Mexico is a sandy plahi, 
but gradually rises into pine ridges, in the inte- 
rior. The soil is generally poor, though some 
good land is found along the streams. Cliief pro- 
duction, cotton. Capital, Blakely. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 17,359, sheep 648, swine 5,175; 
Ind. corn 49,330 bush, produced, potatoes 12,941, 
rice 15,180 pounds, cotton 213,121 ; 11 stores, cap. 
$28,150; 2 distilleries, 14 grist m., 39 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $135,000. 7 sch. 110 scholars. 
Pop. 1830, 2,324; 1840, whites 1,161, slaves 1,707, 
free col'd 83 ; total, 2,951. 

Baldwinsville, p-v., Templeton t., Worces- 
ter CO., Ms., 64 w. by n. Boston, 414 W. 

Baldwinsville, p-v., Lysander t., Onondaga 
CO., N. Y., 145 w. by n. Albany, 262 W., on the n. 
side of Seneca r. It has 2 churches, 8 stores, 150 
dwellings, 1 large woollen fac, 3 flouring m., 3 
saw m., 1 iron foundry, 2 machine shops, 1 sash 
fac, &c. It has a flourishing academy. Seneca 
r. has a tow path, by which this place is connect- 
ed with the Oswego canal. Pop. about 1,000. 

Baldwinsville, p-v., Scott co.. Mo., 260 s. e. 
Jeflferson city, 838 W. 

Bale's Branch, p-o.. Green co., Tenn., 262 
Nashville, 424 W. 

Baley, t., Benton co., Ark. Pop. 373. 
Balize, La., (See North 'West Pass village.) 
Ballard, co., Ky., taken from Hickman and 
McCracken counties in 1842, situated in the w. 
part of the state, and contains 375 sq. ms. The 
Ohio r. bounds it on the N. and n. w., and the 
Mississippi r. on the w. Drained by Maylield's 
cr. and branches. Capital, Columbus. 

Ballard's Bridge, p-o., Chowan co., N. C, 
195 E. N. E. Raleigh, 275 W. 

Ballardsville, p-v., Logan co., Va., 346 
Richmond, 383 W. 

Ballardsville, p-v., Oldham co., Ky., 29 n. 
w. Frankfort, 571 W. Situated near the E. line 
of the county. 

Ballow's Ferry, p-o., Calcasieu parisli. La., 
334 w. N. w. N. Orleans, 1,359 W. Situated on 
E. side of the Sabine r. 

Ball Ground, p-o., Cherokee co., Ga. 
Ball Play, p-o., Cherokee co., Ala., 189 n. e. 
Tuscaloosa, 680 W. 

Ballville, t., Sandusky co., O., lying on both 
sides of Sandusky r., affording excellent mill 
seats. 

Ballston, t., Saratoga co., N. Y., 26 Albany 
395 W. The surface of the t. is undulating, and 



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the soil a gravelly loam. On its eastern boundary 
is Ballston or Long lake, 4 ms. long, and half a 
mile wde, the outlet of which affords some wa- 
ter power. Organized in 1788. There are sev- 
eral post-offices and small villages in the place. 
The Schenectady and Saratoga railroad passes 
through the t. It contains 2 stores, cap. $4,500 ; 

1 fulling ra., 1 woollen fac, 3 tanneries, 1 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $12,800. 1 acad. 23 students, 
1 1 sch. 209 scholars. Pop. 2,044. 

Ballston Centre, p-v., Ballston t., Saratoga 
CO., N. Y., 25 Albany, 396 W. It has 1 Presby- 
terian church, 1 store, and 10 or 12 dwellings. 

Balston Spa, p-v., and capital of Saratoga co., 
N. Y., is situated in Milton t., 28 Albany, 399 W. 
Through the village flows a small branch of the 
Kayaderosseras creek. Incorporated 1807. It 
has a brick court house and jail, a county clerk's 
office, 4 churches, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 
Baptist, and 1 Methodist, 1 banking house, 20 
stores, 200 dwellings, and about 1,500 inhabitants. 
It has 2 flouring m., 1 saw m., 1 iron foundry, 1 
macliine shop, 2 tanneries, and 1 distillery. There 
are several mineral springs at the place, more 
celebrated formerly than at present, as they have 
lost some of their properties, and the Sans Souci 
Hotel, a large building, erected for the accommo- 
dation of visiters, and which is much frequented 
in the summer season. It is connected by rail 
roads wiih Troy, Schenectady, and Saratoga. 

Ballsville, p-c, Powhatan co., Va., 48 w. 
Richmond, 151 W. 

Baltimore, county, Md., situated in the n. 
part of the state, contains 900 sq. ms. llie sur- 
face is hilly, but not mountainous. It is watered 
by Gunpowder and Patapsco rivers. The capi- 
tal is Baltimore. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 13,723, sheep 16,826, swine . 23,833 ; wheat 
153,181 bushels produced, rye 79,132, Ind. corn 
523,423, buckwheat 9,116, oats 300,278, potatoes 
183,684, tobacco 9,4 17 pounds; 70 for. commercial, 
and 108 commission houses, cap. $4,404,51 10 ; 1,310 
ret. stores, cap. $6,795,038; 2 forges, 4 fulling m., 

2 woollen fac, 13 cotton fac. 34,102 sp., 3 dyeing 
and printing estab., 27 tanneries, 5 distilleries, 3 
breweries, 5 powder m., 1 glass fac. 9 potteries, 33 
flouring m., 48 grist m., 34 saw m., 8 rope walks, 
4 paper fac, 19 printing offices, 6 daily, 7 week- 
ly, and 5 semi-weekly newspapers, 6 periodicals. 
Cap. in mauufac. $4,294,792. 4 colleges, 395 
students, 61 acad. 2,372 students, 94 sch. 3,043 
scholars. Population 1830, 120,876 ; 1840, whites 
105,331, slaves 7,595, free colored 21,453; total, 
134,379. 

Baltimore, the third city in population and 
commerce in the United States, and capital of 
Baltimore county, in Maryland, is situated on the 
N. side of the Patapsco river, 14 miles from its 
entrance into the Chesapeake Bay, and 200 ms. 
from the ocean, by ship channel ; and is in 39° 
17' N. lat., and 76° 36' w. Ion. from Greenwich, 
and 0° 26' e. Ion. from Washington. It is 40 
miles N. E. from Washington, 97 s. w. from Phila- 
delphia, 183 s. w. from New York, 398 s. w. 
from Boston, 160 n. e. from Richmond, 230 e. 
s. E. from Pittsburg, 590 n. n. e. from Charleston. 
The population in 1790, was 13,503; in 1800, 
26,514; in 1810, 35,583; in 1820,62,738; in 1830, 
80,625; in 1840, 102,313, of which 3,199 were 
slaves. Employed in commerce, 1,991 ; in man- 
ufactures and trades, 8,847 ; learned professions, 
554. It had 4 colleges with 395 students; 50 
academies and grammar schools, with 2,044 stu- 
dents, 63 common schools with 3,401 scholars ; 
and 1,191 white persons over twenty, who could 
neither read nor write. The city is pleasantly 
situated, on slightly undulating ground, with 



commanding elevations on the N. and e. As 
laid out it includes 4 miles square, and is built 
around a bay which sets up from the n. side of 
the Patapsco. The streets are regular and spa- 
cious, and the houses are neat, most of them of 
brick, and some of them are splendid. The har- 
bor, which is very fine, consists of three parts. 
The entrance to it, between Fort M'Henry and 
the Lazaretto, is about 600 yards wide, with 22 
feet of water. This depth is continued, with an 
increased width, for a mile and a quarter, to near 
Fell's Point. Opposite Fell's Point, the width 
is contracted to one fourth of a mile. I'his is the 
entrance to the second harbor, and is about 12 
feet deep ; but it widens above into an ellipse, 
a mile long, half a mile broad, and 15 feet deep. 
The third or inner harbor has a depth of 10 feet, 
and penetrates to near the centre of the city. It is 
well defended by Fort M'Henry, at the entrance 
to the outer harbor, which was proved by a pow- 
erful attack that was made upon it and repulsed, 
in the last war with Great Britain. Jones' Falls, 
a small stream from the n., divides the city into 
2 parts, and over it are erected 3 elegant stone 
bridges and 4 wooden ones. Vessels of 500 or 
600 tons can lie at the wharves near Fell's Point ; 
but those of 200 tons can come up to the town hi 
the inner harbor. The amount of the tomiage of 
this port in 1840, was 76,022. 

Among the public buildings, the City Hall, oi\ 
HoUiday-street, is a plain building, 3 stories 
high, having a portico with 4 massive pillars ; 
and is occupied by the city council and several 
offices. The Court House, comer of Monument 
square and Lexington-street, is a large and com- 
modious building, and is appropriated to the city 
and county courts, with their connected offices. 
It is 145 feet long and 65 wide, two stories high, 
constructed of marble and brick In front are 
several Tuscan columns, and the whole is sur- 
mounted by a cupola of an imposing appearance 
There are six markets. The State Penitentiary 
consists of three large buildings, besides work- 
shops and some other buUdings, and occupies 4 
acres, containing gardens and walks, surrounded 
by a stone wall 20 feet high. The prisoners 
work together by day, and are confined in sepa- 
rate cells at night. The County Prison, near 
the Penitentiary, is a neat building, with embat- 
tled towers at the ends, and has an appropriate 
cupola. The House of Refuge is well fitted for 
its purpose. But the most imposing public struc- 
ture is the Washington Monument, at the inter- 
section of Charles and Monument streets. Its 
base is 50 feet square and 20 feet high, on which 
is a pedestal supporting a Doric column, 140 feet 
high, on the top of which is a statue of Wash- 
ington, 13 feet high. The column is 20 feet in 
diameter at the bottom and 14 feet at the top, 
and is ascended by a circular stair-case on the 
inside. The Battle Monument, comer of Calvert 
and Fayette streets, was erected in 1815, in com- 
memoration of the successful defence of the city 
against an attack of the British in September, 
1814, and is 52 feet liigh, including an elegant 
statue on the top, emblematical of the city of 
Baltimore. The names of those who fell in the 
battle are inscribed on the column in letters of 
gold. 

Baltimore is well supplied with pure and whole- 
some water. In several parts of the city are 
public springs or fountains, accessible to all the 
citizens. These fountains are enclosed by cir- 
cular railings, and covered by small, neat, open 
temples, consisting of columns supporting a dome. 
These are denominated the City Spring, Western 
Fountain, Centre Fountain, and Eastern Fount- 



BAL 



48 



BAN 



ain ; and they are an ornament as well as a 
convenience to the city. But there is a still more 
copious supply of water from an elevated part 
of Jones' Falls, in an aqueduct half a mile long, 
to a reservoir on Calvert-street, whence it is dis- 
tributed in pipes through the city. The harbor 
of Baltimore is accessible through a great part 
of the year, though sometimes obstructed by ice. 
The commerce is great, for wliich it enjoys pe- 
culiar facilities. It possesses most of the trade 
of Maryland, about half that of Pennsylvania, 
and a portion of that of the Western States. In 
its shipping, it is the third city in the Union. It 
is the greatest market for tobacco in the United 
States, and the greatest flour market in the world. 
Its tonnage in 1840 amounted to 76,022. Its man- 
ufactures are not less extensive than its com- 
merce. A vast amount of water power is con- 
centrated in its vicinity. Jones' Falls, though 
a small stream, has a succession of falls which 
aflTord considerable water power. The Patapsco, 
though not a large river, has a fall of about 800 
feet in a course of thirty miles ; and it affords 
many valuable mill sites. There are within 20 
miles of the city, 60 flouring mills, besides numer- 
ous cotton manufactories, and other manufac- 
tories of cloth, powder, paper, iron, copper, glass, 
steam engines, chemicals, tobacco, &c. There 
were in 1840, 70 commercial and 108 commis- 
sion houses, with a cap. of $4,404,500 ; 1,251 retail 
stores, cap. $6,708,611; 20 lumber yards, cap. 
$267,500 ; machinery manufac. to the amount of 
$284,000; hardware and cutlery $10,300; pre- 
cious metals $13,000 ; ofvarious metals $310,000; 

1 woollen fac, cap. $20,000 ; 1 cotton fac. 3,600 
sp.; 1 dyeing and printing establishment, total cap. 
$16,200; tobacco, cap. $118,900; 13 tanneries, 
cap. $132,800; 3 distilleries, 3 breweries, capital 
$87,000; 1 powder m., cap. $30,000; pamts, 
drugs, &c., cap. $79,000 ; 1 glass factory, capital 
$30,000 ; 9 potteries, cap. $22,300 ; 6 sugar re- 
fineries produced $176,000; 3 paper fac. prod. 
$59,000 ; 8 rope walks, cap. $66,550 ; 1 grist ra., 

2 saw m., cap. $27,000 ; furniture to the amount 
of $268,200; 213 brick and stone houses, and 
1 wooden house, employed 845 persons, and 
cost $548,400; 19 printing offices, 10 binderies, 
6 daily, 7 weekly, 5 semi-weekly newspapers, 
and 6 periodicals, employed 279 persons, and a 
cap. of $119,900. Total cap. in manufactures 
$2,729,983. 4 univ. and colleges, 395 students, 
50 acad. or gram, sch., 2,044 students, 63 com. 
and prim, schools with 3,401 scholars. 

The Baltimore and Port Deposite railroad ex- 
tends 36 miles to Havre de Grace, and there 
connects with a chain of railroads to Philadelphia, 
making the whole distance 95 miles. The Wash- 
ington branch of the Baltimore and Oliio rail- 
road extends 38 miles to Washington city. The 
Baltimore and Ohio railroad is completed over 
80 miles to Harper's Ferry, and is designed to be 
continued to Wheeling, on the Ohio. It already 
brhigs much trade into Baltimore and when 
completed will form the most direct communica- 
tion which exists between the Atlantic coast and 
the Mississippi valley. The Baltimore and Sus- 
quehanna railroad extends to York in Pennsyl- 
vania, and connects with a chain of railroads to 
Philadelphia and Baltimore. There are lines of 
steam packets to Philadelphia and to Norfolk, 
and other packets to New York and to various 
parts of the Atlantic coast. 

There were in 1840, 9 banks, besides savings 
in.-vtilutions, with an aggregate cap. of $2,500,000. 

The University of Maryland was incorporated 
in 1812, and the Baltimore College has since been 
merged in it. It has an academical and scientific, 



a medical and a law department. The medical 
department has 6 professors and 65 students. St. 
Mary's College is a flourishing Catholic institu- 
tion ; has 25 instructors and 73 students, and 
12,000 volumes in its libraries. The Mai-yland 
Institute has for its object the diffusion of scien- 
tific and mechanical knowledge, by means of 
lectures and otherwise. It has a fine chemical 
laboratory, and a complete philosopliical appara- 
tus. The Maryland Academy of Science and 
Literature, located in the Athenaeum buildings, 
which were erected for scientific purposes, has 
collections in the several departments of natural 
history, plaster casts, &c. Other institutions are 
Asbury College, and several free schools, found- 
ed by donations from benevolent individuals. 
The City Library, the Apprentices Library, and 
the Exchange Reading Room are valuable insti- 
tutions. 

There is a number of public schools, some of 
which have fine buildings, and are well provided 
with all the means of instruction. 

There are in the city 42 churches, of which thp 
Episcopalians have 5, the Roman Catholics have 
6, one of which is a splendid cathedral, the Pres- 
byterians have 3, the Scotch Presbyterians 2, the 
Baptists 4, the Methodists have 9, and there are 
various others. 

There are variotis benevolent institutions, 
among which are the hospital, the building of 
which cost $150,000; the almshouse, 375 feet 
long, with spacious grounds ; several dispensa- 
ries and several orphan asylums, and some others. 
There are 2 theatres, a circus, a museiun, with 
some other places of amusement. 

Baltimore was first laid out as a town in 1729, 
and in 1765, it contained but 50 houses. It re- 
ceived a charter as a city in 1797. Few towns 
in the United States have risen more rapidly ; 
and its growth is of a substantial and permanent 
character. 

Baltimore, p-v., Liberty t., Fairfield co., O., 
32 s. w. Columbus, 378 W. It is on high ground, 
on both sides of the Ohio canal. It has 3 stores 
and 2 warehouses, 1 large flouring m., 2 tanne- 
ries, 1 woollen factory, over 100 dwellings, and 
more than 500 inhabitants. It has a printing of- 
fice, at which a weekly paper is issued. 

B.vLTiMORE, t., Windsor co., Vt., 65 s. Mont- 
pelier. Organized in 1794. The surface is 
stony, and the soil warm. Hawk Mountain di- 
vides it from Cavendish, to which it originally 
belonged. It has 1 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 155. 

Baltimore, Hundred, Sussex co., Del. It 
has 7 stores, cap. 6,400 ; 2 grist m., 2 saw m., 
6 sch. 185 scholars. Pop. 2,241. 

Baltimore, p-v., Warren co., la., 77 n. w. 
Indianapolis, 648 W. Situated on the w. side of 
the Wabash r. 

Bangor, city and p-t., the capital of Penob- 
scot CO., Me. It is situated at the head of the 
navigation on the w. side of Penobscot river, 60 
miles from the ocean. It is in 44° 47' 50' n. 
lat., and 68° 47' w. Ion., 68 e. n. e. Augusta, 120 
N. E. by E. Portland, 230 n. e. Boston, Mass., 
663 W. Pop. 1790, 169; 1800, 277; 1810, 850; 
1820, 1,221 ; 1830, 2,868 ; 1840, 8,627. Kendus- 
keag, a stream 190 yards wide at its mouth, di- 
vides the city into 2 parts, which are connected 
by bridges. This stream has falls about 1 mile 
from the city, which afford many mill seats. 
Just above the city, is abridge across the Penob- 
scot r., 1,320 feet long, connecting it with Orring- 
ton, which cost $50,(X)0. The harbor, which is 
at and below the mouth of the Kenduskeag, is 
spacious; the tide here rises 17 feet, and is of 
itself sufficient to float vessels of a large class. 



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The principal article of trade is lumber, which 
comes down the river in immense quantities. 
1,200 vessels, of over 100 tons burden each, are 
employed, in the season of navigation, in the 
lumber trade, besides a large number of vessels 
engaged in the coasting and foreign trade. It 
has an extensive back country, in which tliere 
is much good land. The city occupies a plea- 
sant and commanding situation, affording a fine 
viewot the river and surrounding country. The 
buildings, both public and private, are not only 
neat, but many of them elegant. Steamboats 
regularly ply between this place and Portland, 
and Boston, wlien the river is open, which is 
about eight months in the year. Bangor has 7 
churches, 1 Congregational, 1 Episcopal, 1 Bap- 
tist, 1 Methodist, 1 Lutheran, 1 Universalist, and 

1 Roman Catholic. It was incorporated as a 
town in 1791 ; as a city, in 1834. Tlie Bangor 
Theological Seminary, originally called the 
" Maine Charity School," and first located at 
Hampden, 6 ms. s., was opened in 1816. It is 
designed to give a classical and theological edu- 
cation for the ministry, in a shorter time than is 
ordinarily employed in a collegiate and theolo- 
gical course, and is under the direction of the 
Congregationalists. It has 3 professors, 43 stu- 
dents, 139 alumni, and 7,000 vols, in its libraries. 
11 commercial and commission houses in foreign 
trade, cap. $98,500 ; 134 ret. stores, cap. $318,500 ; 
value of lumber produced $305,500 ; 1 tannery, 

2 grist m., 42 saw m., 3 printing offices, 1 daily, 
2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufactures 
$101,800. 2 academies, 29 students, 25 schools, 
1,647 scholars. 

Bangor, p-t., Franklin co., N. Y., 6 w. Ma- 
lone, 219 N. N. w. Albany, 530 W. The surface 
is level ; and the soil, a sandy loam, is fer- 
tile. It is watered by the tributaries of Salmon 
r. It has 3 stores, cap. $7,500 ; 1 fulling m., 2 
tanneries, 3 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. 
inmanufac. $12,620. 7 sch. 400 scholars. Pop. 
1,289. 

Bangor, p-o., Richland co., O., 65 n. by E. 
Columbus, 390 W. 

Ban.nister, r., waters Pittsylvania and Hali- 
fax counties, Va., and falls into Dan r. 10 ms. 
above the junction of the latter with Roanoke r. 

Bantam, p-o., Clermont co., O., 108 s. w. 
Columbus, 479 W. 

Bantam Fall, p-o., Litchfield co., Ct., 36 
Hartford, 328 W. 

Baptistown, p-v., Kingwood t., Hunterdon 
CO., N. J., 33 N. N. w. Trenton, 190 W. It con- 
tains a Baptist church, a store, and 10 or 12 
dwellings. There is a Presbyterian church 
within 1 mile of the v. The country around 
has a fertile soil, and is well cultivated. 

Barber's Cross Roads, p-o., Isle of Wight 
CO., Va. 

Barbour, county, Ala., in the e. border of the 
state, has the Chattahoochee r. on the E., and 
Pea r. on the w. Drained principally by branches 
of the Chattahoochee r. The surface is rolling, 
soil on the margins of streams fertile. Capital, 
Clayton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
18,544, sheep 2,063, swine 28,465 ; wheat 6,239 
bush, produced, rye 123, Ind. corn 327,936, bar- 
ley 295, oats 4,039, potatoes 12,204, rice 4,860 
pounds, cotton 2,959,109 ; 36 stores, cap. $184, 196 ; 
2 tanneries, 22 grist m., 22 saw m., 1 printing of- 
fice, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. 
$22,094. 1 acad. 50 students, 22 sch. 549 scholars. 
Pop. whites 6,469, slaves 5,548, free col' d 7 ; 
total, 12,024. 

Barbour's Mills, p-o., Lycoming co., Pa., 
113 N. by w. Harrisburg, 223 W. 
7 



Barboursville, p-o., Tompkins t., Delawaie 
CO., N. Y., 117 w. by s. Albany, 307 W. 

Barboursville, p-v., Orange co., Va., at the 
foot of S. Mountain, 80 n. w. Richmond, 107 W. 

Barboursville, p-o., Chautauque co., N. Y., 

Barboursville, p-o., capital Kjiox co., Ky., 
119 s. E. by s. Frankfort, 519 W. Situated on 
the N. side of Cumberland r. It contains a court 
house, jail, several stores and dwellings, 2 sch. 
54 scholars, and 224 inhabitants. 

Barboursville, v., capital of Cabell co., Va., 
352 N. N. w. Richmond, 389 W. On the e. 
bank of Great Guyandot r., 5 ms. above its en- 
trance into Ohio r. (See Cabell, C. H.) 

Barcelona, p-o., and port of entry, Westfield 
t., Chautauque co., N. Y., 51 s. w. ButTalo, 343 w. 
Albany, 346 W. Situated on Lake Erie, the west- 
ernmost village in the state, and is a place of 
considerable trade. It has 10 stores and ware- 
houses, and 50 dwellings. Pop. 300. 

Barcelona, p-o., Bloomfield t., Richland co., 
O., 14 Mansfield, 60 n. n. e. Columbus, 393 W. 

Bardstown, p-t., Nelson co., Ky. (See Bairds- 
town.) 

Bares, p-o., Monroe co., O., 144 E. Columbus, 
278 W. 

Bargaintown, p-v.. Egg Harbor t., Atlantic 
CO., N. J., 87 s. by e. Trenton, 197 W. It has a 
Methodist church, 1 store, 1 grist m., and 30 
dwellings. 

Barges, p-o., Wilcox co., Ala., 122 s. by e. 
Tuscaloosa, 903 W. 

Barhamsville, p-o.. New Kent co., Va., 40 
E. Richmond, 157 W. 

Bar Harbor, p-o., Hancock co.. Me., 109 n. 
w. Augusta, 691 W. 

Bairfield's Point, p-o., Crittenden co.. Ark. 

Baring, p-t., Washington co.. Me., 201 E. n. E. 
Augusta, 871 W. It Ues s. of the St. Croix r., 
and has a railroad 4 ms. to Calais. It contams 1 
store, cap. $1,500 ; 1 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $39,160. 2 sch. 162 scholars. Pop. 
376. 

Bark Camp, p-o., Burke co., Ga., 68 E. Milledge- 
ville, 642 W. 

Barker, t., Broome co., N. Y., 12 n. Bingham- 
ton, 135 s. w. Albany. The surface is uneven, and 
the soil good for grazing. Watered by Tiough- 
nioga cr. It has 3 stores, cap. $9,000 ; 1 fulling 
m., 1 grist m., 7 saw ra., 14 sch. 419 scholars. 
Pop. 1,259. 

Barker's, p-o., Greene co., Pa., 219 w. s. w. 
Harrisburg, 235 W. 

Barker's Settlement, p-o., Randolph co., 
Va., 221 N. w. Richmond, 248 W. 

Barkhamstead, p-t., Litchfield co., Ct., 24 n. 
w. Hartford, 360 W. The surface is rough, but 
the soil is good for grazing. Watered by 
branches of Farmington r. Incorporated, 1779. 
It has 4 stores, cap. $17,500 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist 
ra., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $25,527. 8 sch. 
308 scholars. Pop. 1,571. 

Bark River, t., JeflTerson co.. Wis. It has 2 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,500. Pop. 53. 

Barksdale, p-o., Halifax co., Va., 132 s. w. 
Richmond, 219 W. 

Barnard, t., Piscataquis co.. Me. It has 2 
sch. 80 scholars. Pop. 153. 

Barnard, p-t., Windsor co., Vt., 10 n. Wood- 
stock, 42 s. Montpelier, 491 W. The surface is 
liilly, but the soil is good for grazing. It is wa- 
tered by tributaries of White and Queechee rs. 
Near the centre of the town is a pond, covering 
100 acres, from which a small mill stream issues. 
It has 3 stores, cap. $15,000; 3 tanneries, 1 grist 
m., 4 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $13,300. 15 
sch. 628 scholars. Pop. 1,774. 



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Barnardsville, p-v., Roane co., Tenn., 151 
K. by s. Nashville, 546 W. 

Barlow, p-t., Washington co., O., 10 w. Ma- 
rietta, 98 s. by E. Columbus, 310 W. The sur- 
face is moderately uneven. Pop. 111. 

Barnegat, v., Poughkeepsie t., Dutchess co., 
N. Y., E. side of Hudson r., 4 ms. s. of the vil- 
lage of Poughlieepsie. It has 1 store, and 25 or 
30 dwellings. Lime is extensively produced 
here. Pop. 180. 

Barnegat, p-v., Stafford t., Monmoutli co., N. 
J., 56 s. E. Trenton, 205 W. It is on a sandy 
soil, surrounded by pine forest, has 4 stores, and 
50 dwellings. 

Barnegat Bay, is separated from the ocean 
by Island Beach, and Squam Beach, and ex- 
tends from Barnegat Inlet, by which it is entered, 
20 miles to Metetecunk r., and is from 1 to 4 
miles wide. 

Barnes, p-o., Richland co., O., 67 n. Colum- 
bus. 379 W. 

Barnes, p-o., Dallas co., Ala., 97 s. by e. Tus- 
caloosa, 858 VV. 

Barnes' Bridge, p-o., Richmond co., N. C, 
100 s. w. Raleigh, 396 VV. 

Barnesville, v., Warren t., Belmont co., O. 
30 s. w. by w. Wheeling, 101 e. Columbus, 299 
W. It has 9 stores, 1 Methodist church, 130 
dwellings, 40 mechanic sliops, 6 large tobacco 
warehouses, 1 steam woollen fac, 1 do. saw m., 
I do. large grist m. ; 1 select female scliool, 2 com. 
schools. Incorporated 1833. Pop. 700. 

Barnesview, v., Clark co., Mo., 2 ms. e. 
Wiaconda r. 

Barnet, p-t, Caledonia co., Vt., 10 s. by e. 
Danville, 48 e. Montpelier, 535 W. It lies on 
Connecticut r. at the Fifteen-miles Falls, oppo- 
site to Lyman, IN. H. It has a good soil, and is 
watered by Pasumsic and Stevens' rivers, the 
latter of which has falls of 100 feet in 10 rods, 
affording good mill privileges. The t. contains 
slate and iron ore. It has 8 stores, cap. $20,300 ; 
4 woollen fac, 4 tamieries, 3 grist m., 10 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $88,100. 14 sch. 607 scholars. 
Pop. 2,030. 

Barnett's Creek, p-o., Ohio co., Ky., 162 
s. by w. Frankfort, 706 W. 

Barnetts' Mills, p-o., Fauquier co., Va., 91 
N. by w. Richmond, 79 W. 

Barnhart's Mills, p-o., Butler co.. Pa., 212 
w. by n. Harrisburg, 254 W. 

Barnstable, county, Mass., includes the 
whole of Cape Cod, in the e. part of the state. 
The cape is 63 ms. long, and has a medium 
breadth of 5 ms. A greater portion of the cape 
is sandy and dry, and incapable of furmshing the 
necessary subsistence to the inhabitants, who 
depend chiefly upon the cod, mackerel, and 
other fisheries. Salt is extensively made from 
sea water, evaporated by the heat of the sun. 
Most of the male inhabitants are sailors ; and the 
dangers of the sea are evinced by the great num- 
ber of widows found in the population. There 
are 13 towns in the county. Capital, Barnsta- 
ble. There were in 1840, neat cattle 6,797, sheep 
6,207, svidne 4,153 ; wheat 3,107 bush, produced, 
rye 13,236, Ind. corn 59,55S, oats 10,281, potatoes 
75,759, domestic salt 314,326; 186 stores, cap. 
$303,925 ; cap. in fisheries $739,455 ; 3 fulling m. 
1 woollen fac, 9 tanneries, 1 glass fac, 1 pottery, 
1 ropewalk, 61 grist m., 1 saw m,, 2 printing 
offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. 
$441,220. 11 acad. 5.57 students, 167 sch. 10,359 
scholars. Pop. 1830, 28,525 ; 1840, 32,548. 

Barnstable, p-t., seaport, and capital of 
Barnstable co., Mass., 74 s. e. Boston, 475 W. 
The t. extendti acrosa the cape, and the village 



is on the s. side of Barnstable Bay, which opens 
into Cape Cod Bay. The mouth of the bay has 
a bar, with 6 or 7 feet water. Between 50 and 
60 fishing and coasting vessels belong to the 
place. The tonnage of the port in 1840, was 
56,556. The land of the t. is much better than 
that of most parts of Cape Cod. It has 29 stores, 
cap. $41,750 ; cap. in fisheries $57,000 ; salt pro- 
duced, $22,585 bushels ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 
1 pottery, 9 grist m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly 
newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $30,500. 2 acacl. 
87 students, 22 sch. 1,193 scholars. Pop. 4,301. 
Barnstead, p-t., Belknap co., N. H., 18 n. e. 
Concord, 499 W. Incorporated, 1767. The sur- 
face is rolling, but not mountainous ; soil, well 
adapted to grazing. It has several ponds which 
discharge their waters into Suncook r. It has 
7 stores, cap. $12,500 ; 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 11 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $17,850. 17 sch. 702 
scholars. Pop. 1,945. 

Barnsville, p-o., Montgomery co., Md., 79 
w. by N. Annapolis, 39 W. 

Barnsville, p-v.. Pike co., Ga., 40 Macon, 65 
w. Milledgeville, 687 W. It has 1 Baptist church, 
1 academy, and 8 stores. The Monroe railroad 
passes through it. 

Barnwell, s. w. district of S. C, contains an 
area of 1,680 sq. ras. It lies between the Sa- 
vannah r. on the s. w. and the S. Edisto r. on 
the N. E. Soil, moderately good. Cotton is the 
chief production. It communicates with Savan- 
nah by the Savaimah r., and with Beaufort, and 
the adjoining islands, by the Salkahatchie r., and 
with Charleston by the Charleston and Ham- 
burg railroad, which passes through it. There 
are several sulphur springs in the district, one of 
which affords water sufficient to propel an ordi- 
nary grist mill. Capital, Barnwell C. H. There 
were in 1810, neat cattle 28,117, sheep 6,201, 
swine 47,724 ; wheat 15,889 bush, produced, rye 
4,325, Ind. corn 670,581, oats 16,700, potatoes 
45,952, rice 18,0(X) pounds, cotton 2,804,067, 
silk cocoons 240 ; 33 stores, cap. $196,450; 1 cot- 
ton fac. 1,308 sp., 7 flouring m., 66 grist m., 75 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $183,475. 4 acad. 95 
students, 20 sch. 481 scholars. Pop. 1830, 19,236 ; 
1840, whites 10,533, slaves 10,503, free col'd 435; 
total, 21,471. 

Barnwell, p-v., capital of Barnwell dist., S. 
C, 100 s. by w. Columbia, 604 W. Situated on 
Turkey creek, near the Great Salkahatchie r. 
It contains a court house, jail, market house, 3 
churches, 1 Baptist, 1 IMethodist, 1 Roman Cath- 
olic. It has 3 academies, 7 stores, and 35 dwell- 
ings. Pop. 400. 

Barre, p-t., Washington co., Vt., 7 s. Mont- 
pelier, 48 N. by w. Windsor, 520 W. The soil 
is good, particularly for grazing. Watered by 
branches of Onion r. which afford water power. 
Organized in 1793. There is 1 Congregational, 
1 Methodist, 1 Baptist, and 1 Univcrsalist church. 
This town fm-nishes an inexhaustible quantity 
of fine building granite, of which the state house 
in Montpelier was constructed. It is also 
WTOUglit into mill stones. It has 6 stores, cap. 
$22,300 ; 4 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 2 flouring m., 
4 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $17,000. 
15 sch. 610 scholars. Pop. 2,126. 

Barre, t., Huntingdon co.. Pa. 8 stores, cap. 
$35,900 ; 1 furnace, 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 
3 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 3 grist m., 19 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. 22,540. 10 sch. 331 scholars. 
Pop. 2,225. 

Barre, p-t., Worcester co., Ms., 65 w. Boston, 
409 W. It is on elevated ground, has a good 
soil, particularly for grazing, and is watered by 
Ware r. and its branches, supplying good water 



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power, which has been employed in manufac- 
tures. 1 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 2,500 sp., 1 
powder m., 3 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $21,300. 1 acad. 40 students, 13 sch. 712 
scholars. Pop. 2,751. 

B.vRRE, p-t., Orleans co., N. Y., 252 w. Albany, 
390 W. The surface is undulating, the soil a 
fertile loam, adapted both to grain and grazing. 
The Erie canal passes through the town. It con- 
tauis several villages, the chief of which are Al- 
bion and Barre Centre. It has 26 stores, cap. 
$108,800 ; 1 fulling m., 2 furnaces, 3 tanneries, 1 
flouring m., 2 grist m., 5 saw m., 2 printing of- 
fices, 2 weekly new.spapers. Cap. in manufac. 
$61,140. 2 acad. 344 students, 34 com. schools, 
1,746 scholars. Pop. 5,539. 

Barre Centre, p-v., Barre t., Orleans co., 
N. Y., 254 w. by n. Albany, 388 W. It has 1 
church, 2 stores, 1 steam flouring m., and 20 
dwellings. 

Barren, county, in the s. part of Ky., contains 
540 sq. ms. Watered by Little Barren r., and 
Beaver branch of Big Barren r. The surface is 
moderately uneven, and the soil tolerably fer- 
tile. Capital, Glasgow. There were ia 1840, 
neat cattle 18,472, sheep 24,916, swine 60,932 ; 
wheat 80,346 bush, produced, rye 5,087, Indian 
corn 697,578, oats 229,403, potatoes 28,109, to- 
bacco 2,321,288 pounds, cotton 15,040, sugar 
22,390, salt 9,000 bush. ; 21 stores, cap. $106,400; 
17 tanneries, 43 distilleries, 2 flouring m., 55 grist 
m., 22 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $68,883. 2 
acad. 32 students, 33 sch. 739 scholars. Pop. 
1830,15,079; 1840, whites 13,147, slaves 4,065, 
free col'd 76 ; total, 17,288. 

Barren, 2 small rivers of Kentucky, called 
Big Barren and Little Barren rivers, tributaries 
of Green r. The former falls into Green r. in 
the N. w. comer of Warren co. ; the latter, w. of 
Greensburg. 

Barren, p-o., Harrison co., Ia., 118 s. Indian- 
apolis, 622 W. 

Barren, p-o., Williamson co., Tenn., 25 s. 
Nashville, 709 W. 

Barren Creek Springs, p-o., Somerset co., 
Md., 84 s. e. Annapolis, 124 W. 

Barren Hill, p-o., Montgomery co.. Pa., 96 e. 
by s. Harrisburg, 149 W. 

Barren Hill, p-o., Henry co., Tenn., 105 w. 
N. w. Nashville, 791 W. 

Barren Plain, p-o., Robertson co., Tenn., 32 
N. Nashville, 714 W. 

Barretsville, p-v., Lumpkin co., Ga., 20 s. 
w. Dahionega, 121 n. n. w. Milledgeville, 645 
W. Situated near the Etowah r. 

Barrington, p-t., Strafford co., N. H., 20 n. 
w. Portsmouth, 35 e. Concord, 505 W. The sur- 
face is uneven, and the soil a gravelly loam. It 
has 13 ponds, the outlets of some of which fur- 
nish mill seats. Incorporated 1722. There is a 
curious cave in tins town, called the Devil's den, 
having several chambers, one of which is 60 feet 
long, 10 or 15 high, and 6 or 8 wide. It has 2 
stores, cap. $2,300; 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $3,100. 12 sch. 535 scholars. Pop. 
1,844. 

Barrington, p-t., Bristol co., R. I., 8 e. s. e. 
Providence, 408 W. Soil, fertile sandy loam, 
manured by sea weed. Incorporated 1771. It 
is connected with Warren by a bridge. It has 
1 store, cap. $500 ; 1 grist m. ; 3 sch. 90 scholars. 
Fop. 549. 

Barrington, p-t, Yates co., N. Y., 8 s. Penn 
Yan, 201 w. Albany, 322 W. Surface slightly 
uneven, soil a fertile gravelly loam. It lies on 
the E. side of Crooked Lake, and has 1 store, cap. 
$2,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 



1 brewery, 3 flouring m., 2 grist m., 11 saw m., 

2 printing oflices, 2 weekly papers. Cap. in 
manufac. $199,450. 12 sch. 578 scholars. Pop. 
1,868. 

Barrington, Great, p-t., Berkshire co., Mass. 
(See Great Barrington.) 

Barrowdale, p-v., Fairfield dist., S. C, 26 N. 
Columbia, 479 W. 

Barry, county, in the w. part of Michigan 
proper, has an area of 576 sq. ms. Drained 
cliiefly by Thorn Apple r. The surface is undu- 
lating and sometimes broken, and the soil fertile. 
The natural growth is beech, sugar-maple, white- 
wood, ash, &c. Capital, Hastings. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 991, sheep 86, swine 1,307 ; 
wheat 12,884 bush, produced, Ind. corn. 9,435, 
barley 563, oats 13,775, potatoes 13,255, sugar 
10,950 pounds ; 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$1,800. 12 sch. 240 scholars. Pop. 1,078. 

Barry, county, Mo., in the s. w. part of the 
state, contains 830 sq. ms. The surface is hilly, 
and the soil generally good. It contains an in- 
termixture of woodland and prairie. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 6,490, sheep 2,918, swine 
18,672; wheat 13,157 bush, produced, Ind. com 
280,140, oats 17,735, potatoes 8,585, cotton 10,001 
pounds ; 9 stores, cap. $52,210 ; 2 tanneries, 5 
distilleries, 4 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $6,650. 10 sch. 278 scholars. Pop. whites 
4,515, slaves 269, free col'd 8 ; total, 4,795. 

Barry, p-o., Frederick co., Md., 91 n. w. An- 
napolis, 59 W. 

Barry, p-t., Schuylkill co., Pa., 76 Harrisburg, 
186 W. it has broad mountains and fruitful val- 
leys. Watered by Deep cr., a tributary of the 
Susquehanna r. It contains 2 stores, cap. $800 ; 

1 forge, 3 grist m., 23 saw m. Pop. 639. 
Barry, p-o., Cuyahoga co., O., 153 n. e. Co- 
lumbus, 346 W. 

Barry, p-v.. Sandstone t., Jackson co., Mich., 
85 w. Detroit, 555 W. ; on Sandstone creek, 
and has 2 stores, a saw mill, and a quarry of 
sandstone. It is on the route of Detroit and St. 
Joseph railroad. 

Barry, p-o., Campbell co., Ky., 86 n. by E. 
Frankfort, 501 W. 

Barry, p-o., Pike co.. 111., 78 w. s. w. Spring- 
field, 858 W. 

Barry, p-o.. Clay co.. Mo., 169 w. by n. Jef- 
ferson city, 1,082 W. 

Barry, t., Barry co., Mich. It has 1 saw m., 

3 sch. 70 scholars. Pop. 343. 

Barry's Bridge, p-o., Lunenburg co., Va., 
119 s. w. Richmond, 235 W. 

Barryton, p-o., capital Washington co., Ala., 
133 s. s. w. Tuscaloosa, 951 W. It contains a 
court house and a few dwellings. 

Barrytown, p-o., Redhook t., Dutchess co., 
N. Y., 53 s. Albany, 325 W. It is on the e. side 
of Hudson r. It has a convenient landing, 21 
stores, and several dwellings. 

Barryville, p-o., Forrestburgh t., SuUivart 
CO., N. Y., 137 s. s. w. Albany, 295 W. 

Barryville, p-o.. Stark co., O., 131 n. e. Co- 
lumbus, 310 W. 

Barryville, p-o., Fayette co., Ga., 93 w. n. 
w. Milledgeville, 697 W. 

B.^.RT, p-t., Lancaster co.. Pa., 55 e. Harris- 
burg, 112 W. Drained by a head branch of the 
Octarara cr. 7 stores, cap. $18,000 ; 1 furnace, 

2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 3 flouring m., 4 grist m., 

4 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $28,500. 7 
sch. 245 scholars. Pop. 1,859. 

Barter Brook, p-o., Augusta co., Va., 114 
Riclimond, 156 W. 

Bartholomew, county, la., a little s. of the 
centre of the state, contains 480 sq. ins. Watered 



BAT 



52 



BAT 



by Clifty and Flat Rock crs., and Driftwood cr., 
a large branch of Wlute r. The soil is very fer- 
tile. Capital, Columbus. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 7,324, sheep 7,061, swine 23,244 ; 
•wheat 37,149 bush, produced, rye 2,127, Ind. corn 
470,630, oats 53,277, potatoes 10,861, tobacco 
1,454 pounds, sugar 20,758 ; 20 stores, capital 
$42,500 ; 1 lumber yard, cap. $2,000 ; 4 tanne- 
ries, 4 distilleries, 2 flouring m., 10 grist m., 1 1 
saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. 
Cap. in manufac. $49,495. 28 sch. 943 scholars. 
Pop. 10,042. 
Bartholomew, t., Jefferson co., Ark. It has 

1 grist m. Pop. 148. 

Bartholomew, p-o., Chicot co., Ark., 116 s. 
E. Little Rock, 1,154 W. 

Bartlett, t., Jefferson co.. Pa., has 9 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $10,200. Pop. 259. 

Bartlett, p-t., Coos co., N. H., 80 n. n. e. 
Concord, 566 W. It lies at the foot of the White 
mountains, on the e. side. The soil is various, 
some of it rough ; and on the Saco r., which 
flows through it, is some good land. Incorpora- 
ted in 1790. It contains 1 store, cap. $4,000 ; 3 
grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,500. 
4 sch. 258 scholars. Pop. 706. 

Bartlett, p-o., Wesley t, Washington co., 
O., 90 E. Columbus, 319 W. 

Barton, p-t., Orleans co., Vt., 42 n. e. Mont- 
pelier, 558 W. It is watered by Barton r. and its 
branches, issuing from several ponds, and afford- 
ing a good water power. The soil is good. Or- 
fanized in 1798. Barton r. runs n. into Lake 
lemphremagog. It has 2 stores, cap. $5,000 ; 1 
fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 

2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,900. 6 sch. 135 
scholars. Pop. 892. 

Barton, p-t., Tioga co., N. Y., 174 s. w. Al- 
bany, 269 W. Surface hilly, and soil sterile, ex- 
cept in the valleys. It has the Susquehanna r. 
on the s. e., and the Chemung r. on the s. w., 
which unite a few miles below, in Pa. Cayuga 
cr. runs on its w. boundary. The village has 1 
Methodist church, 3 stores, and 15 or 20 dwel- 
lings. In the t. are 7 stores, cap. $28,700; 1 
fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 4 grist m., 
28 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $22,823. 847 
scholars in sch. Pop. 2,324. 

Barton's, p-o., Lauderdale co., Ala., 150 n. by 
w. Tuscaloosa, 795 W. 

Barton's Creek, p-o., Dickson co., Tenn. 

Bartonsville, p-o., Monroe co., Pa., 121 n. 
E. Harrisburg, 214 W. 

Bascobel, p-v., Jackson co., Ga., 83 n. by w. 
Milledgeville, 618 W. 

Bason Harbor, p-v., Ferrisburg t., Addison 
CO., Vt., is an important port on the E. side of 
Lake Champlain, through which a considerable 
amount of the exports and imports of this region 
pass. 

Baskingridge, p-v., Somerset co., N. J., 46 
N. by E. Trenton, 216 W. Beautifully situated 
in a high, rich, well cultivated and healthy 
country. It has a Presbyterian church, and an 
academy, formerly very celebrated. It was 
memorable in the revolutionary war for the cap- 
ture of Gen. Lee, by the British. 

Bass River Hotel, p-o.. Little Egg Harbor 
t., Burlington co., N. J., 63 s. e. Trenton, 187 W. 

Bassville, p-o., Madison co.. Miss., 11 n. 
Jackson, 999 W. 

BataViA, t., and p-v., capital of Genesee co., 
N. Y. The surface of the t. is level, and the 
soil sandy and calcareous loam, of a good quality. 
The Tonawanda cr. flows through the t. It 
has 2 for. com. houses, cap. $12,000 ■ 20 ret. stores, 
cap. $114,900 ; 1 woollen fac, 1 furnace, 1 tan- 



nery, 1 brewery, 2 flouring m., 3 grist m., 2 saw 
m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. 
Cap. in manufac. $70,875. 3aca(l. 146 students, 
22 sch. 819 scholars. Pop. 4,219. The p-v. is 
249 w. Albany, 374 W. It contains a court 
house, jail, county clerk's office, state arsenal, 
and general land office of the Holland Land 
Company. It has 5 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 
1 Episcopal, 2 Baptist, and 1 Methodist — a flour- 
ishing female seminary, 2 banking houses, 30 
stores, shops, and groceries, 1 flouring m., 2 fur- 
naces, 1 tannery, and 3 printing offices. The 
Tonawanda railroad extends 32 ms. from Roches- 
ter, to this place, making a part of the great 
western chain from Albany. Incorporated 1823, 
and has 300 houses. Pop. 2,000. 

Batavia, p-v., Batavia t., Clermont co., O., 
103 s. w. Columbus, 474 W. Capital of the 
county, situated on the N. bank of the e. fork of 
Little Miami r. In the t. there are 7 stores, cap. 
$19,500 ; 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 5 saw m.,2 print- 
ing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $12,105. 4 sch. 187 scholars. Pop. 2,187. 

Batavia, t., Geauga co., O. Drained. by 
branches of Cuyahoga and Grand rs. It has 1 
store, cap. $4,000 ; 1 grist m., 2 saw m. 4 sch. 
130 scholars. Pop. 771. 

Batavia, p-o., Kane co., 111., 184 n. Springfield, 
755 W. 

Batavia, p-t.. Branch co., Mich., 117 s. w. De- 
troit, 565 W. It has 1 saw m., 2 sch. 40 scholars. 
Pop. 400. 

Batavia Kill, p-o., Westchester co., N. Y., 
77 s. Albany, 350 W. 

Bateman's Store, p-o., Houston co., Ga., 49 
s. s. w. Milledgeville, 705 W. 

Bates, comity, Mo., on the s. w. border of the 
state, contains 1,160 sq. ms. Drained by Osage 
r. and branches. Surface undulating, prmcipally 
prairie. Capital, Batesville. Organized since 
1840. 

Batesville, p-v., Guernsey co., O., Ill e. Co- 
lumbus, 314 W. 

Batesville, p-v., temporary capital Bates co., 
Mo., (formerly Ilarmony Missionary Station) on 
the N. bank of Osage r. 

Batesville, p-o., Habersham co., Ga., 163 n. 
by w. Milledgeville, 603 W. 

Batesville, p-v., and capital of Independence 
CO., Ark., 90 n. n. e. Little Rock, 1,036 W. It 
contains a court house, a U. S. land office, sev- 
eral stores and dwellings. 

Bath, p-t., seaport, Lincoln co., Me., 37 s. 
Augusta, 577 W. Situated on the w. bank of 
Kemiebec r., twelve miles from the ocean. Pop. 
1810, 2,491; 1820, 3,026; 1830, 3,773; 1840, 
5,141. Incorporated m 1780. It is pleasantly 
situated, and has great advantages for navigation, 
as the river is here seldom frozen over. It is one 
of the principal conunercial towns in Maine. 
Ship building is an extensive business here. The 
tonnage of this port in 1840, amounted to 64,035. 
It contains 2 banks, 3 clmrches — 2 Congrcgation- 
alist and 1 Baptist. Steamboats regularly ply 
between this place and Portland and Boston, 
three fourths of the year. It contains 75 stores, 
cap. $223,300 ; 2 furnaces, 2 tanneries, 4 grist m., 
15 saw m., (value of ships built $220,000,) 1 print- 
ing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $247,500. 5 acad. 170 students, 20 sch. 1,010 
scholars. 

Bath, p-t., Grafton co., N. li., 83 n. w. Con- 
cord, 528 W. Situated on the e. bank of Connec- 
ticut r. Incorporated in 1761. The Ammonoo- 
suck r. passes through the t., and affords an ex- 
tensive water power, and has a bridge over it at 
the V. 350 feet long. The soil on the hills is a 



BAT 



53 



BAT 



reddish loam, on a bed of marl ; on the rivers, it 
is alluvial and rich. It has 5 stores, cap. $24,000 ; 
3 tanneries, 2 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $17,810. 500 scholars in sch. Pop. 1,595. 

Bath, p-t., and capital Steuben co., N. Y., 219 
w. s. w. Albany, 299 W. The surface is hilly 
and broken, but the soil good. Watered by Con- 
hocton r. The v. is situated on the n. e. side of 
Conhocton r., 216 w. Albany. Incorporated in 
1836. It has a court house, jail, county clerk's 
office, 1 bank, 5 churches, 2 Presbyterian, 1 Epis- 
copal, 1 Methodist, and 1 African, a female sem- 
inary, and 200 dwellings. Pop. 1,400. There are 
hi the t., 15 stores, cap. $43,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 
woollen fac, 6 tanneries, 2 flouring m., 4 grist m., 
22 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly 
newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $96,785. 26 sch. 
1,112 scholars. Pop. 4,915. 

Bath, v., Greenbush t., on the e. side of Hud- 
son r., opposite the n. part of the city of Albany. 
It has a sulphur mineral spring, of some celebrity. 
It contains 1 store, 20 dwellings, and 125 inhabit- 
ants. A ferry connects it with Albany. 

Bath, p-v., Northampton co., Pa., 100 n. e. Har- 
risburg, 193 W. It contains 2 stores, 2 grist m., 
1 tannery, and 120 inhabitants. 

Bath, p-t., Summit co., O., 129 n. e. Columbus, 
342 W. It has 10 sch. 266 scholars. Pop. 1,425. 

Bath, a central county of Va. It is watered 
by the head branches of James, Cowpasture, and 
Jackson's rivers, has an elevated situation, and 
contains 756 sq. ms. The surface is rough, and 
the soil moderately fertile. Capital, Bath. There 
■were in 1840, neat cattle 8,707, sheep 10,598, 
swine 8,099 ; wheat 32,954 bush, produced, rye 
26,689, Ind. corn 117,817, buckwheat 4,486, oats 
78,668, potatoes 32,498, sugar 39,137 pounds; 8 
stores, cap. $32,300 ; 3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 8 
flouring m., 31 grist m., 37 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $39,470. 9 sch. 196 scholars. Pop. 1830, 
4,008 : 1840, whites 3,170, slaves 347, free col'd 
83; total, 4,300. 

Bath, C. H., p-v., Bath co., Va., 164 w. n. w. 
Richmond, 201 W. Here is a medicinal spring, 
called Warm Spring, with a temperature of 96°, 
and another about 6 ms. s. w., called Hot Spring, 
with a temperature of 112°, and at some seasons 
sufficiently hot to boil an egg. They are useful 
in rheumatic and other complaints. 

Bath, county, n. e. part of Ky., containing 256 
sq. ms. It lies n. e. on Licking r. Capital, 
Ovvingsville. Pop. whites 7,708, slaves 1,95], 
free col'd 104 ; total, 9,763. 

Bath, pv., Beaufort co., N. C, 143 e. by s. 
Raleigh, 329 W. 

Bath, p-v., Cass co., 111., 48 w. by n. Spring- 
field, 828 W. 

Bath, t., Allen co., O. 4 sch. 91 scholars. 
Pop. 1,332. 

Bath, t., Greene co., O. Watered by Mad r. 
Ithas 9 stores, cap. $11,350 ; 3 distilleries, 1 brew- 
ery, 5 flouring m., 3 grist ra., 5 saw m., 1 oil m. 
Cap. in manufac. $39,600. Pop. 1,721. 

Bath, v., Richmond co., Ga., 15 s. w. Augusta, 
on the s. side of Spirit cr. It contains 1 Presby- 
terian church, 1 acad. and about 15 houses. The 
situation is elevated and healthy, and it is resort- 
ed to in the sickly season. The soil is sandy and 
the water good. 

Bath, county, Ky., toward the n. e. part of the 
state, contains 256 sq. ms. Licking r. runs on its 
N. E. border. Capital, Owingsville. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 9,440, sheep 17,237, swine 
30,674 ; wheat 71,122 bush, produced, rye 22,624, 
Ind. corn 1,029,797, oats 79,942, potatoes 11,781, 
tobacco 20,223 pounds, sugar 68,430 ; 1 1 stores, 
cap. $38,400 ; 2 furnaces, 1 forge, 4 tanneries, 6 



distilleries, 1 flouring m., 10 grist m., 7 saw m., 1 
oil m. Cap. in manufac. $34,090. 22 sch. 562 
scholars. Pop. 1830, 8,799 ; 1840, whites 7,708, 
slaves 1,951, free col'd 104; total, 9,763. 

Bathes, (Jefferson,) v., Jefferson co.,Ga., near 
Reedy cr., contains about 20 houses. 

Baton Rouge, Chester dist., S. C, 67 n. Co- 
lumbia, 462 W. 

Baton Rouge, East, parish. La., on the e. 
bank of the Mississippi r. It is the first land ele- 
vated above the overflow, in ascending the Mis- 
sissippi. The productions are cotton, and Indian 
corn, and some sugar. Capital, Baton Rouge. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 9,947, sheep 3,690, 
swine 20,659; Ind. corn 180,291 bush, produced, 
potatoes 23,371, rice 14,550 pounds, tobacco 
4,016,183, sugar 2,466,000; 34 stores, cap. 
$243,550 ; 3 grist m., 2 saw ra., 1 printing office, 
1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manuiac. $31,400. 
1 college 70 students, 5 acad. 196 students, 7 sch. 
168 scholars. Pop. 1830, 6,698; 1840, whites 
3,750, slaves 4,206, free col'd 182; total, 8,138. 

Baton Rouge, p-v., capital of East Baton 
Rouge parish. La., on the e. bank of the Missis- 
sippi, 30 above Donaldsonville, 120 above N. Or- 
leans, 150 below Natchez. It is situated on a 
bluff, or high land, extending to the Mississippi, 
mostly along one street, at the foot of the hill, 
about 25 feet above high water mark, which is a 
considerable elevation for tliis region. It has a 
court house, jail, penitentiary, 4 churches, 1 Pres- 
byterian, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, and 1 Roman 
Catholic, 1 college, 70 students, 3 acad. 166 stu- 
dents, 3 sch. 198 scholars, 3 banks, 27 stores, 1 
printing office, and 500 dwellings. Population, 
2,269. 

Baton Rouge, West, parish of La., lies op- 
posite E. Baton Rouge, on the w. side of the Mis- 
sissippi r. The surface is almost an entire level. 
The land on the streams, however, is a little ele- 
vated above the rest, and is the part, chiefly, 
which is capable of cultivation, and is very pro- 
ductive. Cotton is principally cultivated. The 
remainder is subject to be overflowed. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 2,513, sheep 1,773, swine 
2,835 ; Ind. corn 122,971 bush, produced, potatoes 
4,149, cotton 3,180,875 pounds, sugar 1,947,400; 
5 stores, cap. $18,300; 2 lumber yards, cap. 
$15,000 ; 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$9,650. 2 acad. 51 students, 4 sch. 42 scholars. 
Pop. 1830, 3,084 ; 1840, wiiites 1,371, slaves 4,638, 
free col'd 120 ; total, 4,638. 

Batson's, p-o., Humphreys co., Tenn., 48 w. 
Nashville, 732 W. 

Battahatchee, r., rises in Alabama, and after 
a course of 70 ms., enters the Tombigbee, in Mon- 
roe CO., Miss. 

Batten Kill, a small r., rises in Vt., and, 
after a course of 50 ms., enters the Hudson in 
Wasliington co., N. Y., U ms. below Fort Miller 
bridge. It furnishes some good mill seats. 

Battenville, p-v., Greenwich t., Washing- 
ton CO., N. Y., 38 N. by e. Albany, 408 W. It has 
1 Dutch Reformed church, 2 stores, 1 cotton fac, 
1 grist m., 1 saw m., and 50 dwellings. Pop. 350. 

Battleboro', p-v., Edgecombe co., N. C, 66 
e. by N. Raleigh, 232 W. 

Battle Creek, p-v., Battle Creek t., Calhoun 
CO., Mich., 12 N. w. Marshall, 117 w. Detroit, 582 
W. Situated at the junction of Battle cr. and 
Kalamazoo r. There are in the t. 7 stores, cap. 
$22,000 ; 1 furnace, 1 distillery, 2 flouring m., 3 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $15,200. 1 acad. 20 
students, 5 sch. 180 scholars. Pop. 993. 

Battle Creek, the most considerable branch 
of Kalamazoo r. It has a winding course of 40 
ms., and furnishes good mill seats. 



BEA 54 

Battle Creek, p-o., Marion co., Tenn., 110 
s. E. Nashville, 638 W. 

Battle Ground, p-o., Tippecanoe co., la., 77 
N. w. Indianapolis, 635 W. 

Bavington, po., Washington co.. Pa., 223 w. 
Harrisburg, 248 W. 

Baughman, t., Wayne co., O. Drained by 
Newman's cr. It has 2 stores, cap. $4,500 ; 1 
tannery, 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,250. 4 
sch. 152 scholars. Pop. 1,741. 

Baomstown, p-v., Berks co.. Pa., 60 e. by N. 
Harrisburg, 153 W. 

Bay, t., Ottawa co., O., on the w. side of San- 
dusky r., on Mud cr. bay. It has 1 sch. 26 scho- 
lars. Pop. 231. 

Bayard, p-o., Shelby co., Ky., 31 w. Frank- 
ft.rt, 573 W. 

Bayou Chicot, p-v., Calcasieu parish, La., 
250 w. N. w. N. Orleans, 1,251 W. 

Bayou Gould, p-v., Ibberville parish. La. 

Bayou Rouge Prairie, p-o., Avoyelles par- 
ish. La., w. by n. N. Orleans. 

Bazktta, p-t., Trumbull co., O., 5 e. Warren, 
174 N. E. Columbus, 308 W. It is a fine farming 
t., well cultivated. 

Beach Branch, p-o., Beaufort dist., S. C, 113 
s. Columbia, 619 W. 

Beach Grove, p-o., Salem t, Luzerne co.. 
Pa., 104 N. N. E. Harrisburg, 208 W. Situated 
on the Susquehanna r. 

Beallsville, p-v., Washington co., P*a., 200 
w. Harrisburg, 216 W. It contains 5 stores, and 
50 or 60 dwellings. 

Bealsvillk, p-v., Sunbury t., Monroe co., O., 
127 E. s. E, Columbus, 293 W. Situated on an 
elevated spot, in the midst of an improved coun- 
try. It has 1 church, 2 stores, and about 20 dwel- 
lings. Pop. about 100. 

Beamsville, p-o.. Dark co., O., 98 w. Colum- 
bus, 490 W. 

Bean's Station, p-o., Grainger co., Tenn., 225 
E. by n. Nashville, 457 W. 

Bear's, or Tiffin's or., 54 ms. long, in a direct 
line, enter.s the Maumee li ms. above tlie Au- 
glaize. 

Bear Branch, p-o., Duplin co., N. C. 

Bear Creek, p-o., Yancey co., N. C, 239 w. 
by N. Raleigh, 465 W. 

Bear Creek, one of the branches of Tennes- 
see r., rises in Alabama, and enters the Tennes- 
see r., after a course of 70 ms. between the states 
of Alabama and Mississippi. 

Bear Creek, t., Columbia co.. Pa. It has 6 
stores, cap. $37,000 ; 1 furnace, 2 fulling m., 2 
tanneries, 1 pottery, 1 flouring m., 5 grist m., 2 
saw m., 1 oil m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly news- 
paper. Cap. in manufac. $14,515. 1 acad. 35 
students, 7 sch. 184 scholars. Pop. 1,905. 

Bear Creek, p-o.. Jay co., la., 106 n. e. In- 
dianapolis, 529 W. 

Bear Creek, t., Montgomery co.. Mo. Pop. 
445. 

Bear Creek, p-o., Hamilton co., 111., 166 s. by 
E. Springfield, 786 W. 

Beardstown, p-o., Perry co., Tenn., 79 s. w. 
Nashville, 763 W. 

Beardstown, p-v., Cass co.. 111., on the e. side 
of IlUnois r., 48 w. by n. Springfield, 826 W. It 
has 13 stores, a Methodist and an Episcopal 
church, 2 sch. 73 scholars. Pop. 336. 

Bearfield, t., Perry co., O. It has 1 store, 
cap. $500 ; 3 saw m., 9 sch. 253 scholars. Pop. 
1,455. 

Bear Gap, p-o., Northumberland co., Pa., 76 
N. Harrisburg, 186 W. 

Bear Town, p-o., Lancaster co., Pa., 51 s. e. 
Harrisburg, 129 W. 



BEA 



Beatie's Bluff, p-o., Madison co.. Miss., 35 n. 
by E. Jackson, 1,010 W. 

Beattie's Ford, p-o., Lincoln co., N. C, 154 
w. by s. Raleigh, 391 W. 

Beattie's Prairie, p-o., Benton co.. Ark. 

Beattystown, p-v., Mansfield t., Warren co., 
N. J., 58 N. Trenton, 219 W. Situated on Mus- 
conetcong cr., at the w. foot of Schooley's moun- 
tain, 2 ms. from the mineral spring. It has 1 store, 

I grist m., 1 saw m., and 20 dwellings. The land 
around it is excellent. 

Beaucoup, p-v., Washington co., Dl., 126 s. 
Springfield, 801 W. 

Beaufort, county, N. C. Situated in the e. 
part of the state, on Pamlico r. and sound. It has 
an area of 670 sq. ms. The surface is low, and 
at times extensively overflowed. Cotton and rice 
are the principal productions. Capital, Washing- 
ton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 8,191, sheep 
4,957, swme 24,717 ; wheat 6,333 bush, produced, 
rye 1,195, Ind. corn 153,522, oats 5,055, potatoes 
90,225, rice 20,952 lbs., cotton 87, 180, tar, pitch, &c., 
106,987 bbls. ; 48 stores, cap. $16,800 ; 1 tannery, 

II distilleries, 24 grist ra., 18 saw m., 2 printing 
offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. 
$162,650. 2 sch. 45 scholars. Pop. 1830, 10,949 ; 
1840, whites 7,050, slaves 4,472, free col'd 703 ; 
total, 12,225. 

Beaufort, district, S. C, in the s. extremity of 
the state. It has an area of 1,830 sq. ms. The 
surface is level. It is watered on the n. e. by the 
Combahee r., and on the s. w. by the Savannah, 
and the Coosawhatchie and other streams pass 
through it. The mouths of the rivers, and the in- 
lets of the ocean, enclose a number of islands of 
considerable size on its coast, the principal of 
wliich are Hilton Head, St. Helena, and Port 
Royal. Capital, Coosawhatcliie. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 41,710, sheep 13,751, swine 
28,521 ; wheat 5,810 bush, produced, rye 3,561, 
Ind. corn 786,570, oats 40,665, potatoes 486,753, 
rice 5,629,462 pounds, cotton 1,544,850; 1,000 
bush, salt produced ; 35 stores, cap. $168,000; 1 
lumber yard, cap. $1,000 ; 13 grist m., 11 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $44,500. 5 acad. 172 students, 
22 sch. 503 scholars. Pop. 1830, 37,032 ; 1840, 
wliites 5,650, slaves 29,682, free col'd 462 ; total, 
35,794. 

Beaufort, p-t., port of entry and capital, Car- 
teret CO., N. C., 11 N. w. Cape Lookout, 168 s. e. 
Raleigh, 396 W. It has a safe and spacious har- 
bor, admitting vessels requiring 14 feet water, and 
is a place of considerable commerce. It has 1 
Methodist church, 1 male and female seminary, 
a court house, jail, masonic hall, 11 stores, 120 
dwellings, and 1,100 inhabitants. The tonnage 
of the port in 1840, was 1,974. On Bogue Point, 
at the entrance of the harbor of Beaufort, stands 
Fort Macon. 

Beaufort, p-t., and port of entry, Beaufort 
district, S. Carolina, 50 n. e. Savannah, 75 s. w. 
Charleston, 146 s. Columbia, 635 W. Situated on 
the w. bank of Port Royal r., a narrow branch of 
the ocean. The harbor is spacious, 16 ms. from 
the sea, but a bar prevents the entrance of ves- 
sels drawing more than 11 feet of water. It is 
unhealthy during the autumn. Its commerce is 
not extensive. 

Beaumont, p-o., Luzerne co.. Pa. 

Beaumont, p-o., Dane co.. Wis., 25 Madison, 
872 W. 

Beauvais, p-o., St. Genevieve co.. Mo. 

Beaver, Big, a r. of Pa., is formed by 2 main 
branches, the Mahoning, which rises in Ohio, and 
the Shenango, in Pa. It enters the Ohio r. near 
the town of Beaver, Pa. The main r. has a course 
of about 20 ms., and to its sources, of about 80 



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55 



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ms. The Pennsylvania and Ohio canal, which 
connects the Ohio r. at Beaver, with the Ohio ca- 
nal at Akron, passes along the valley of this r. 

Beaver, county, Pa., in the w. part of the state, 
contains an area of 648 sq. ms. The surface is 
uneven, but the soil is fertile. Watered by the 
Ohio and Beaver rs. Capital, Beaver. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 21,028, sheep 74,176, 
swine 33,355 ; wheat 326,663 bush, produced, rye 
53,141, lud. com 233,735, buckwheat 75,336, oats 
515,985, potatoes 203,137, sugar 35,718 pounds, 
436,915 bush, bituminous coal ; 90 stores, cap. 
$201,870 ; 4 furnaces, 8 fulling m., 8 woollen fac, 
2 cotton fac. 2,800 sp., 30 tanneries, 13 distilleries, 
4 breweries, 5 potteries, 12 flouring ms., 60 grist 
m., 73 saw m., 3 oil m., 2 paper fac, 3 printing 
offices, 2 weekly newspapers, 1 periodical. Cap. 
in manufac. 5P724,958. 5 acad. 154 students, 110 
sch. 3,998 scholars. Pop. 1830, 24,206; 1840, 
29,368. 

Beaver, t., Crawford co., Pa., has 2 grist m., 3 
saw m., 2 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 734. 

Beaver, p-b., capital of Beaver co.. Pa., on the 
N. bank of Ohio r., at the mouth of Big Beaver r., 
30 ms. below Pittsburg, by the coiu-se of the r., 
227 N. by w. Harrisburg, 253 W. It is situated 
on a plain 3 ms. in length by 1 in breadth, and 
contains, around a public square, a court house, 
jail, 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist church, 1 
acad. 28 students, 1 sch. 90 scholars. Pop. 551. 

Beaver, t,, Venango co.. Pa., has 2 stores, cap. 
$7,000 ; 3 furnaces, 3 tanneries, 5 grist m., 9 saw 
m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $16,300. 1 sch. 
15 scholars. Pop. 1,611. 

Beaver, t., Beaver co., Pa., has 22 stores, cap. 
$60,950 ; 2 furnaces, 3 tanneries, 2 breweries, 2 
potteries, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 
weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $50,761. 
1 sch. 90 scholars. Pop. 445. 

Beaver, p-t., Pike co., O., 73 s. Columbus, 
389 W. It is somewhat broken and hilly, but 
contains good farms. It has 2 stores, cap. $1,260 ; 

1 grist m., 2 saw m., 6 sch. 108 scholars. Pop. 
1,099. 

Beaver, t., Union co.. Pa., has 5 stores, cap. 
$14,000 ; 2 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 4 distilleries, 

2 potteries, 6 grist m., 13 saw m. Pop. 2,609. 
Beaver, t., Columbiana co., O. It is a rich 

agricultural t., situated on the s. line of the co. 5 
sch. 103 scholars. Pop. 1,973. 

Beaver, t, Guernsey co., O. It is a wealthy 
township. Pop. 1,842. 

Beaver, t., Boone co., 111., has 3 sch. 37 scho- 
lars. Pop. 236. 

Beaver Brook, p o., Sullivan co., N. Y., 132 
S. s. w. Albany, 292 W. 

Beaver Creek, t.. Green co., O., on the Little 
Miami. 2 stores, cap. $3,000 ; 1 woollen fac, 2 
distilleries, 3 flouring m., 4 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $37,400. Pop. 1,767. 

Beaver Creek, p-o., Wasliington co., Md., 
103 N. w. Annapolis, 71 W. 

Beaver Creek, p-o., Henry co., O., 139 n. w. 
Columbus, 484 W. 

Beaver Creek, p-o., Surry co., N. C, 155 w. 
N. w. Raleigh, 343 W. 

Beaver Creek, p-o., Anderson co., Ky., 27s. 
w. Frankfort, 569 W. 

Beaver Creek, p-o.. Bond co., 111., 84 s. 
Springfield, 768 W. 

Beaver Dam, p-o., Ann Arundel co., Md., 18 
Annapolis, 35 W. 

Beaver Dam, p-o., Goochland co., Va., 24 w. 
Richmond, 136 W. 

Beaver Dam, p-o., Anson co., N.C, 161s. w. 
Raleigh, 430 W. 

Beaver Dam, t., Erie co., Pa., has 7 saw m. 



Cap. in manufac. $2,700. 10 sch. 400 scholars. 
Pop. 1,081. 

Beaver Dam, p-o.. Union dist., S. C, 58 n. n. 
w. Columbia, 476 W. 

Beaver Dam, p-o., Randolph co., Ala., 172 E. 
Tuscaloosa, 770 W. 

Beaver Dam Depot, p-o., Hahover co., Va., 
36 N. Richmond, 105 W. 

Beaver Dam Forks, p-o., Tipton co., Tenn., 
176 w. s. w. Nashville, 879 W. 

Beaver Islands, a group of 5 or 6 in number, 
in Lake Micliigan. The largest. Big Beaver, con- 
tains 40 sq. ms. 

Beaver Kill, p-o., Rockland t., Sullivan co., 
N. Y., 97 s. s. w. Albany, 326 W. 

Beaver Meadow, p-o., Lausanne t., Northamp- 
ton CO., Pa., 102 N. e. Harrisburg, 210 W. Tliis 
place furnishes excellent anthracite coal. 

Beaver Ridge, p-o., Knox co., Tenn., 176 e. 
by s. Nashville, 521 W. 

Beaver Town, p-v^ Union co., Pa., 83 n. by 
w. Harrisburg, 174 vV. 

Bkaver Valley, p-o., Columbia co.. Pa., 92 
N. by E. Harrisburg, 202 W. 

Beccaria, t., Clearfield co.. Pa, Pop. 309. 

Beckar.nsville, p-o., Chester dist., S. C, 52 
N. by w. Columbia, 455 W. 

Becket, p-t., Berkshire co., Ms., 118 w. Bos- 
ton, 377 W. It is on higli land, in the Green 
mountain range, suited to grazing. Incorporated, 
1765. Several ponds in the t. have outlets, which 
flow into the Housatonic, Weslfield, and Farm- 
ington rs. It has 3 stores, cap. $6,000 ; 1 fulling 
m., 2 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufactures 
$1,712. 9 sch. 335 scholars. Pop. I,ai2. 

Beckley, p-o., Fayette co., Va., 288 w. by n, 
Richmond, 325 W. 

Beduington, t., Washington co.. Me., has 1 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. 2,445. Lumber pro- 
duced, $8,177. 2 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 164. 

Beddington, p-Ot Berkley co., Va., 175 n. by 
w. Richmond, 83 W. 

Bedford, county. Pa., in the s. part of the state, 
contains 1,612 sq. ms. It is a moimtainous re- 
gion, with fertile valleys. Watered by the branch- 
es of the Juniata and Potomac rs. It exports grain, 
live stock, and salted provisions. It also yields 
iron, and bituminous coal. Capital, Bedford. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 53,213, sheep 
82,055, swine 95,716; wheat 347,704 bush, produ- 
ced, rye 295,051, Ind. corn 329,956, buckwheat 
52,851, oats 591,371, potatoes 284,222; 40 stores, 
cap. $120,900; 9 furnaces, 11 fulling m., 1 wool- 
len fac, 22 tanneries, 9 distilleries, 1 powder m., 
12 potteries, 19 flouring m., 12 grist m., 43 saw m., 
2 printing offices. Cap. in manufac. $192,039. 3 
acad. 99 students, 40 sch. 1,320 scholars. Pop. 
1820, 20,248 ; 1830, 25,536 ; 1840, 29,335. 

Bedford, county, Va., in the s. part of the 
state, contains 600 sq. ms. It occupies a high po- 
sition on the E. of the Alleghany mountain range, 
having the peaks of Otter on the n. w. and James 
r. on the n. e. It is drained by Staunton river, 
Goose cr. and Otter cr., head branches of Roan- 
oke r. The soil is very fertile, producing tobacco, 
Ind. com, oats, &c., abundantly. Capital, Lib- 
erty. There were in 1840, neat cattle 16,200, 
sheep 14,793, swine 30,520; wheat 206,064 bush, 
produced, rye 7,358, bid . com 536,832, oats 285, 1 72, 
potatoes 22,364, hemp and flax 498 tons, tobacco 
3,442,433 pounds, coUon 3,498; 9 stores, cap. 
$69,800 ; 6 tanneries, 13 distilleries, 4 flouring m., 
20 grist m., 24 saw m. Cap m manufac. $10,550. 
1 academy, 30 students, 8 schools, 167 scholars. 
Pop. 1830, 20,253; 1840, wWtes 11,016, slaves 
8,864, free col'd 323 ; total, 20,203. 
Bedford, county, Tenn., in the central part of 



BED 



56 



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the state, contains 600 sq. ms. Drained by Duck 
r. and branches. Surface undulating, soil fertile. 
Capital, Shelbyvilie. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 18,920, sheep 20,953, swine 84,685 ; wheat 
94,631 bush, produced, rye 5,754, Ind. corn 
1,248,965, oats 153,513, potatoes 9,837, tobacco 
171,339 pouncTs, cotton 174,733; 24 stores, cap. 
$184,550 ; 10 taruieries, 64 distilleries, 2 rope fac, 
7 flouring m., 25 grist m., 20 saw m., 2 printing 
offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. 
$87,865. 4 acad. 215 students, 34 sch. 1,398 scho- 
lars. Pop. 1830, 30,396; 1840, whites 16,192, 
slaves 4,295, free col'd 59 ; total, 20,546. 

Bedford, p-t., Hillsboro' co., N. H., 21 s. by e. 
Concord, 460 W. Watered by the Merrimac and 
Piscataquoag rs. Incorporated, 1750. The t. has 
some rich land on its streams. Its mineral produc- 
tions are very various, and some iron ore is found. 
A considerable brook falls 200 feet in 100 yds., and 
is a curiosity. It has 4 stores, cap. 7,500 ; 2 tan- 
neries, 5 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$22,152. 13 sch. 541 scholars. Pop. 1,555. 

Bedford, p-t., Middlesex co., Ms., 15 n. w. 
Boston, 455 W. Shawsheen r. rises here, and 
furnishes mill seats. Incorporated in 1729, as a 
part of Concord and Billerica. It has 3 stores, 
cap. $5,500 ; 5 forges, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in 
rnanufac. $14,700. 5 sch. 297 scholars. Pop. 929. 

Bedford, p-v., and capital, with White Plains, 
of Westchester co., N. Y., 125 s. Albany, 270 W. 
In the V. are, a court house, 2 churches, a female 
seminary, 3 stores, and 40 dwellings. Pop. 250. 
In the t. are 7 stores, cap. $21,000 ; 2 fulhng m., 
7 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $27,230. 
3 acad. 80 students, 17 sch. 788 scholars. Pop. 
2,822. 

Bedford, p-t., Cuyahoga co., O., 12 s. e. Cleve- 
land, 149 N. w. Columbus, 347 W. Situated on 
Tinkers cr. The chief article of export is lumber. 
It has 3 stores, cap. $7,200 ; 1 flouring m., 1 grist 
m., 6 saw m., 10 sch. 469 scholars. Pop. 1,244. 

Bedford, p-t., Calhoun co., Mich., 124 w. De- 
troit, 589 W. On the Kalamazoo r. It has 2 saw 
m., 2 sch. 44 scholars. Pop. 220. 

Bedford, p-b., Bedford t., capital of Bedford 
CO., Pa., 200 w. Philadelphia, 103 s. w. by w. 
Harrisburg, 129 W. It was organized in 1771. 
It stands on the site of an old fort, and has a 
pleasant situation, on a rise of land, in the midst 
of a mountain valley. It is celebrated for its 
mineral springs, which contain carbonic acid, 
rnagnesia, sulphate of lime, muriate of soda, car- 
bonate of iron, lime, &c., useful in chronic dis- 
eases, and possess laxative and sudorific powers. 
They are much resorted to, and respectable ac- 
commodations are provided for visiters. It has 
3 sch. 21 scholars. Pop. 1,022. 

Bedford, t., Bedford co.. Pa. Watered by 
Roystown branch of Juniata r., and several crs. 
Bedford springs are a celebrated watering place. 
It has 1 store, cap. $4,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tanne- 
ry, 1 distillery, 1 pottery, 1 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $7,150. 1 acad. 40 students, 2 sch. 50 scho- 
lars. Pop. 1,721. 

Bedford, p-v., and capital of Trimble co., Ky., 
41 s. w. by w. Frankfort, 572 W. It has a court 
house, academy, and Methodist church. Pop. 
148. One mile from the village is a mineral 
spring, charged with Epsom salts and sulphur, 
and respectable accommodations are provided for 
visiters, who are numerous. 

Bedford, p-v., and capital of LawTence co., 
la., 71 s. w. Indianapolis, 621 W. Situated 3 ms. 
N. of the E. fork of White river. It has a court 
house and several dwellings. 

Bedford, p.-o., Warren co., HI., 103 n. w. 
Springfield, 860 W 



Bedford, p-o.. Assumption par., La., 98 w. N. 
Orleans, 1,270 W. 
Bedford, t., Monroe co., Mich. It has 1 store, 

I grist m., 3 saw m., 2 sch. 67 scholars. Pop. 
499. 

Bedford, t., Coshocton co., O., 60 n. e. Co- 
lumbus. It has 2 stores, cap. $2,000 ; 1 saw m. 
Pop. 1,141. 

Bedford, t, Meigs co., O. Watered by Shade 
r. Soil, indifferent. 8 sch. 158 scholars. Pop. 567. 

Bedminster, t., Somerset co., N. J., 8 n. w. 
Somerville. Surface hilly ; soil lime, clay, and 
red shale, well cultivated and fertile. It has 1 
Dutch Reformed church, 6 stores, cap. $21,000 ; 
5 saw m., 6 grist m., 2 tamieries, 2 distilleries, 
9 schools, 254 scholars. Pop. 1830, 1,453 ; 1840, 
1,589. 

Bedminster, t., Bucks co.. Pa. It has theTo- 
hicton cr. on the northern boundary, and contains 
3 stores, cap. $9,500 ; 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 4 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,500. Pop. 1,640. 

Beech Bluff, p-o., Marion co., 111., 166 s. by 
E. Springfield, 772 W. 

Beech Grove, p-o., Marshall co., Ala., 127 n. 
E. Tuscaloosa, 711 W. 

Beech Grove, p-o., CofTee co., Tenn., 55 s. e. 
Nashville, 665 W. 

Beech Grove, p-o., Rush co., la., 33 s. e. In- 
dianapolis, 545 W. 

Beech Hill, p-o., Livingston par., La., 87 n. 
w. N. Orleans, 1,174 W. 

Beech Park, p-o., Gallatin co., Ky., 44 n. 
Frankfort, 542 W. 

Beech River, p-o.. Perry co., Tenn., 103 w. 
s. w. Nashville, 787 W. 

Beechy Mire, p-o., Preble co., O., 107 w. by 
s. Columbus, 500 W. 

Bee Creek Mills, p-o., Platte co., Mo. 

Beekman, p-t., Dutchess co., N. Y., 14 s. K. 
Poughkeepsie, 87 s. Albany, 307 W. Surface 
hilly ; soil, rich gravelly loam. Drained by Fish- 
kill r. and its branches. It has 1 Presbyterian 
and 1 Methodist church, and 1 Friends' meeting 
house. Great Pond covers 300 acres, and flows 
into Fishkill r. It has 6 stores, cap. $23,000 ; 1 
fulling m., 1 furnace, 1 tamiery, 3 flouring m., 3 
grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $32,600. 1 
sch. 52 scholars. Pop. 1,400. 

Beekman's Mills, p-o., Somerset co., N. J., 
26 N. by E. Trenton, 196 W. 

Beekmantovvn, p-t., Clinton co., N. Y., 8 n. 
Plattsburg, 169 n. Albany, 544 W. It extends 37 
ms. across the co. Chazy and Chateaugay lalces, 
from wliich flow streams constituting the head 
waters of rivers of the same name, lie in the w. 
part of the t. It has 1 store, cap. $2,000 ; 1 ful- 
ling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 furnace, 4 tanneries, 4 
grist m., 14 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $41,350. 

II sch. 320 scholars. Pop. 2,769. 
Beelersville, v., Carroll county. Ark., near 

Crooked cr. 5 ms. s. are White Sulphur Springs, 
valued for their medicinal properties. 

Beeler's Station, p-o., Marshall co., Va., 
12 Wlieeling, 351 n. w. by w. Richmond, 256 W. 

Beemerville, p-o., Sussex county, N. J., 84 
N. Trenton, 253 W. 

Beeson's Store, p-o.. Highland co., O., 69 s. 
w. Columbus, 442 W. 

Belair, p-v., and capital of Harford co., Md., 
22 Baltimore, 53 n. by e . Annapolis, 63 W. It has 
a court house, jail, and Methodist church, an 
academy and a female seminary, and 150 in- 
habitants. 

Belair, p-v., Lancaster dist., S. C, 90 n. by 
E. Columbia, 416 W. 

Belair, p-o., Richmond co., Ga., 85 e. by n. 
MiUedgeville, 586 W. 



BEL 



57 



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Belchertown, p-t., Hampshire co., Mass., 11 
E. Northampton, 78 w. Boston, 382 W. Incor- 
porated 1761. It has a good soil, and is well cul- 
tivated. The V. contains 3 churches — 2 Congre- 
gational, and 1 Baptist — 40 dwellings, and several 
(Stores. There are in the t. .5 stores, cap. $11,000; 
5 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. §36,700. I 
acad. 41 students, 17 sch. 763 scholars. Pop. 
2,534. 

Belew's Creek, p-o., Stokes cc, N. C, 102 
N. vv. Raleigh, 305 W. 

Belfast, p-t., seaport, port of entry, and 
capital of Waldo co.. Me., 43 E. Augusta, 637 W. 
It is beautifully situated at the head of Belfast 
Bay, on the w. side of Penobscot river, 30 miles 
from the ocean. Incorporated in 1773. A small 
river passes near the centre of the town, over 
which is an extensive bridge. It has a spacious 
and safe harbor, rarely obstructed by ice, and 
sufficiently deep for vessels of the largest class 
It is extensively engaged in foreign and coasting 
trade, in the fisheries and in ship building, hi 
principal exports are lumber and fish. Its ton- 
nage in 1840, was 38,218. As the river above it 
freezes, Belfast forms the principal mart of the 
■winter trade of Penobscot r. It has 42 stores, cap. 
$110,000; 2 fulling m., 4 taimeries, 2 grist m., 5 
saw m., 1 printing office, and 1 weekly news- 
paper. Cap. in manufac. S32,300. 1 academy, 40 
students, 21 schools, 1,217 scholars. Pop. 1810, 
1,259; 1820,2,026; 1830,3,077; 1840,4,186. 

Belfast, t., Bedford co.. Pa. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $S00 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 5 sawm. Cap. 
in manufac. $2,915. Pop. 720. 

Belfast, p-t., Alleghany co., N. Y., 263 w. 
Albany, 341 W. The surface is rolling ; soil, 
sandy loam. Watered by Genesee river and its 
tributaries. The Genesee Valley canal here 
leaves the river, and passes in a s. w. direction 
up the valley of Black cr. It has 6 stores, cap. 
$6,450 ; 1 fulling ra., 1 tannery, 1 ropewalk, 2 grist 
m., 13 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $14,850. 2 sch. 
144 scholars. Pop. 1,646. 

Belfast, p-o., Northampton co., Pa., 112 n. e. 
Harrisburg, 205 W. 

Belfast, p-o., Clermont co., O., 105 e. Colum- 
bus, 476 W. 

Belfast, p-o., Marshall co.,Tenn., 61 s. Nash- 
vUle, 703 W. 

Belford, p-v., Nashville county, N. C, 51 e. 
Raleigh, 247 W. 

Belfort, p-o., Crogan t., Lewis co., N. Y., 150 
N. w. Albany, 449 W. 

Belgrade, p-t., Kennebec county, Me., 11 n. 
Augusta, 606 W. On the borders of tliis t. are 
3 large and beautiful ponds or lakes, connected 
together, the outlet of which enters the Kenne- 
bec at Waterville. Incorporated 1796. It has -i 
stores, cap. $6,000 ; 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 3 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $3,000. 1 acad. 20 stu- 
dents, 19 sch. 845 scholars. Pop. 1,748. 

Belgrade Mills, p-v., Kennebec co.. Me., 
17 N. Augusta, 610 W., is a flourishing village in 
Belgrade t. 

Belham, p-o., Goochland co., Va., 35 w. by n. 
Richmond, 125 W. 

Belknap, county, N. H., in the s. e. part of 
the state, contains 8 townships. It has Winnipis- 
seogee Lake, on its n. e. border, and Squam Lake 
on its N. boundary. Pemigewasset river runs 
on its w. boundary. Capital, Ossipee. Organized 
since the census of 1840. (Taken from Strafford 
county.) 

Bell, t., Clearfield co., Pa. Pop. 301. 

Bell Air, p-o., Belmont co., Oliio. 

Bell Air, depot, 10 w. Augusta, on the Georgia 
railroad. 



Bell Brook, p-o., Greene co., O. 70 s. w. 
Columbus, 463 W. 

Bellefontaine, p-v.. Lake t., and capital of 
Logan CO., O., 18 n. Urbanna, 69 n. w. Colum- 
bus, 456 W. Incorporated in 1820. It has a 
court house, jail, 2 brick churches, 1 Presbyterian 
and 1 Methodist; 5 stores, 3 tanneries, 1 pot- 
tery, 1 printing office, which issues a weekly 
newspaper, and over 50 dwellings. 

Bellefontaine, v., St. Louis county. Mo., on 
the s. bank of Missouri r., near its jimction with 
the Mississippi. 

Bellefontaine, p-o., Choctaw coimty. Miss., 
120 N. N. E. Jackson, 935 W. 

Bellefonte, p-b., and capital of Centre co., 
Pa., 85 N. w. Harrisburg, 117 W. Situated on 
Spring cr., a branch of Bald Eagle r. It is the 
centre of an extensive iron trade. Bald Eagle 
and Spring Creek canal connects it with West 
Branch canal. It contauis 4 churches, 1 Presby- 
terian, 1 Methodist, 1 Roman Catholic, 1 Mora- 
vian, an academy, and 130 dwellings; 8 stores, 
cap. $29,250 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tan- 
neries, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. 
$16,900. 1 acail. 25 students, 4 sch. 120 scholars. 
Pop. 1830, 698; 1840, 1,032. 

Bellefonte, p-v., capital of Jackson co., Ala., 
166 N. E. Tuscaloosa, 667 W. On Paint Rock r. 
2 ras. w. of Tennessee r. It has 2 churches, 1 
Presbyterian and 1 Blethodist, 2 academies, 12 
stores, 50 dwellings, and 400 inhabitants. 

Bellefonte, p-o., Pulaslu co.. Mo., 81 s. 
Jefferson city, 996 W. 

Belleh.^ven, p-o., Accomack co., Va., 175 e. 
by N. Richmond, 215 W. 

Belle Isle, p-v., Camillus t., Onondaga co., 
N. Y., 137 w. by n. Albany, 354 W. It has 1 
store and about 20 dwellings. 

Bellemonte, p-v., Fayette co., Tenn., 195 s. 
w. Nashville, 834 W. It has 1 store and about 
75 inhabitants. 

Bellepoint, p-o., Delaware co., C, 32 n. Co- 
lumbus, 416 W. 

Bellerica, t., Washington co.. Mo. Pop. 1,227. 

Belle River, p-o., St. Clair co., Mich., 55 n. 
by E. Detroit, 579 W. 

Belle, r., a small river of Lapeer and St. Clair 
COS., Mich., after a course of over 50 miles, enters 
St. Clair r. Navigable for batteaux, a short dis- 
tance from its moutli, 

Bellevernon, p-o., Fayette co., Pa., 197 w. 
s. w. Harrisburg, 219 W. 

Belleview, p-o., Talbot co., Ga., 97 w. s. w. 
MilledgeviUe, 719 W. 

Belleview, p-o.. Christian co., Ky., 214 s. w. 
Frankfort, 741 W. 

Belleview, p-v., Calhoun co., EL, 85 s. w. 
Springfield, 859 W. Situated on a beautiful prai- 
rie, 6 miles long, and three fourths of a mile wide. 
It contains 1 sch. 21 scholars. Pop. 173. 

Belleview, t., Washington co.. Mo. Pop. 1,227. 

Belleview, p-o., Lauderdale co.,Ala., 124 n. 
Tuscaloosa, 763 W. 

Belleville, p-v., Ellisburgh t., Jefferson co., 
N. Y., 173 Albany, 403 W. It has a church, an 
academy, 4 stores, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 clo- 
tliier's works, and 50 dwellings. Pop. about 300. 

Belleville, p-v., Belleville t., Essex co., N. 
J., 3i N. e. Newark, 69 n. e. Trenton, 234 W. 
It is beautifully situated on the w. side of Passaic r. 
It extends 3 ms. along the river, and has 1 Dutch 
Reformed, 1 Methodist, and 1 Episcopal church, 
a boarduig school and 200 dwelluigs. It has 
fine mill streams, and various mills and manufac- 
tories. The t. has 12 stores, cap. $22,250 ; 4 fulling 
m., 2 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac, 1,000 sp., 1 dyeing 
and printing estab., 1 paper fac, 2 flouring m., 1 



BEL 



58 



BEL 



grist m. Cap. in manufac. $479,450. 7 schools, 
316 scholars. Pop. 2,466. 

Belleville, p-c, Mifflin co.. Pa., 70 n w. 
Harrisburg, 162 W. 

Belleville, p-o., Wood county, Va., 351 n. w. 
Richmond, 319 W. 

Belleville, p-v., Richland co., O., 68 n. n. e. 
Columbus, 387 W. 

Belleville, p-o., Hendricks co., la., 20 w. 
Indianapolis, 591 W. 

Belleville, p-v., capital of St. Clair co., 111., 
13 E. s. E. St. Louis, 100 s. by w. Springfield, 
809 W. It is a neat flourishing village, on high 
ground. It has a handsome brick court house, 
brick jail, a clerk's office, a hall of a library 
company, 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, 
and 1 Methodist, and two select schools. It has 
2 large steam flouring mills, and numerous man- 
ufacturing establisliments. Pop. about 700. 

Belleville, v., capital of Desha co., Ark., 
situated on the s. side of the Arkansas r. It con- 
tains a store and a few dwellings. 

Belleville, p-v., Conecuh co., Ala., 154s. by 
E. Tuscaloosa, 935 W. 

Belleville, p-o., Roane co.,Tenn., 131 e. by 
s. Nashville, 550 W. 

Belleville Port, p-o., Essex co., Mass., 40 
N. by E. Boston, 476 W. 

Bellevue, p-v., Huron co., O., 96 N\by e. Co- 
lumbus, 405 W. 

Bellevue, p-t., Eaton co., Mich., 16 Marshall, 
119 vv. N. w. Detroit, 584 W. It is a good farm- 
ing towTi, and has 3 stores, cap. $6,5t)0 ; 2 lum- 
ber yards, capital $1,000; 1 grisi m., 2 saw m. 
Cap. hi manufac. $8,000. Pop. 529. The vil- 
lage lies on Battle creek, at the rapids, at the 
head of boat navigation. Lime is extensively 
produced and exported. Pop. about 529. 

Bellingiiam, p-t., Norfolk co., Mass., 36 s. w. 
Boston, 419 W. The soil is sandy, and not very 
fertile. It is watered by Charles r., which aflTords 
good water power, and its manufactures are 
considerable. It has 5 stores, cap. $5,300 ; 3 cotton 
fee. 2,700 sp., 3 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $24,550. 9 sch. 284 scholars. Pop. 1,055. 

Bellona Arsenal, p-v.,Cliesterfield co., Va., 
on James r., 12 miles above Richmond, 129 W. 

Bellows' Falls, p-v., Rockingham t., Wind- 
ham CO., Vt., 98 s. by E. Montpelier, 445 W. It is a 
pleasant village, hi a romantic situation. The 
falls in the Connecticut here, are a curiosity. In 
the midst of the channel worn in the rocks, a huge 
rock remains, on each side of wliich is a passage 
for the water. As the e. side, however, is more 
elevated than the w. side, tlie water, excepting 
when the river is high, passes wholly on the w. 
side. The river above, which is about 350 feet 
wide, is here compressed into a channel 16 feet 
wide, and descends by successive pitclies, 44 feet 
in the course of half a mile. A canal has been cut 
in the rock, around these falls, three quarters of 
a mile long, witii 9 locks on the w. side, through 
which boats and small steamboats pass. A 
bridge passes over the river here, supported in 
the middle by the rock, built in 1785, 365 feet 
long, the view from which is wildly picturesque. 

Bell Plain, p-o., Marshall county. 111. 97 n. 
Springfield, 780 W. 

Belleport, ji-v., Brookhaven t., Suffolk co., N. 
Y.,209s. s. E Albany, 289 W. It is situated near 
Fireplace Bay, L. I., and has 15 or 20 dwellings. 

Bell's Landing, p-v., Monroe co., Ala., 117 
s. Tuscaloosa, 909 W. Situated on Alabama r. 

Bell's Store, p-o., Fairfield dist., S. C, 37 
N. Columbus, 491 W. 

Bell's Valley, p-o., Rockbridge county, Va., 
163 w. by N. Richmond, 205 W. 



Belmont county, Ohio, in the e. part of the 
state, on the Ohio r., contains 536 sq. ms. The 
land is hilly and broken, but much of it is good. 
Watered by Lidian, Wheeling, and Captina crs. 
The Ohio washes its whole E. border. The 
land is elevated, and from its higher portions an 
extensive and beautiful prospect is presented, 
particularly towards the e. Capital St. Clairs- 
ville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 20,070, 
sheep 45,692, swine 41,032; wheat 479,692 
bushels produced, rye 6,950, Iiidian corn 528,934, 
buckwheat 45,735, barley 9,373, oats 416,397, 
potatoes 76,045, hops 31,487 pounds, tobacco 
1,720,892, sugar 38,186 ; 188,600 bushels bitumi- 
nous coal ; 2 commission bouses in foreign trade, 
cap. $3,(X)0 ; 196 stores, cap. $139,895 ; 1 fullmgm., 
3 woollen fac, 19 tanneries, 15 distilleries, 1 pot- 
tery, 31 flouring m., 29 grist m., 50 saw m., 1 
paper fac, 1 printing office, 2 weekly newspapers. 
Cap. in nianuf $212,339. 3 acad. 56 students, 56 
.sch. l,984schol. Pop. 1830,28,412; 1840,30,901. 
Belmont, p-t., Waldo co.. Me., 37 e. by n. 
Augusta, 631 W. It has 2 stores, cap. $1,800; 

I gristim., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,240. 

II sch. 632 scholars. Pop. 1,378. 
Belmont, t., Franklin co., N. Y., 10 e. Malone, 

202 N. Albany. The surface is lully and moun- 
tainous, and the soil clay and sandy loam. Wa- 
tered by Chateaugay and Trout rivers. It has 2 
sawm. Cap. in manufactures, $1,500. 5 sch. 121 
scholars. Pop. 472. 

Belmont, p-v., Goshen t., Belmont co., Ohio, 
109 E. Columbus, 17 w. Wheeling, 292 W. 

Belmont, p-o., Loudon co., Va., 148 n. Rich- 
mond, 29 W. 

Belmont, p-o., Newberry dist., S. C, 51 n. 
w. Columbia, 515 VV. 

Beljiont, p-v., Panola co., Miss., 169 n. Jack- 
son, 937 W. 

Belmont, p-o., Sumter co., Ala., 72 s. w. Tus- 
caloosa, 884 W. 

Belmont, p-o., Pike county. 111., 69 vv. by s 
Springfield, 849 W. 

Belmont, p-v., Iowa co.. Wis., 64 s. w. Madi- 
son, 896 W. 

Beloit, p-o., Rock CO., Wis., 55 s. s. e. Madi- 
son, 820 W. 

Belpre, p-t., Washington co., Ohio, 12 s. Mari- 
etta, 116 s. e. Columbus, 304 W. It borders on 
the Ohio river, and much of it is a beautiful 
meadow, as its name in French denotes. Settled 
in 1789. Blennerhasset's Island, made liainous 
by Burr's conspiracy, lies opposite the centre of 
the t. Opposite the island are several ancient 
mounds. 

Beltsville, p-o., Prince George co., Md., 28 
w. s. w. Annapolis, 13 W. 

Belviuere, p-t., Lamoille co., Vt., 47 n. 
by w. Montpelier, 557 W. Situated on the w. side 
of the Green mountains, and very uneven. In- 
corporated 1791. Watered by branches of La- 
moille r. It has 1 saw m., 2 sch. 62 scholars. 
Pop. 207. 

Belvidere, p-v., Oxford t., capital of Warren 
CO., N. J. Situated on Delaware r., 57 n. n. w. 
Trenton, 212 W. It has a court house, which 
contains also the jail and public offices, 2 
churches, 1 Presbyterian and 1 Metliodist, a 
bank, and an academy. Pequest creek, which 
passes tlu-ough it, affords a good water power, 
and gives motion to several mills. There is an 
elegant bridge across the Delaware r. here. 

Belvidere, p-o., Sumner co., Tenn., 55 Nash- 
ville, 696 W. 

Belvidere, t., Boone co , 111. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $6,000 ; 1 grist m., 3 saw m., 3 sch. 136 
scholars. Pop. 698. 



BEN 



59 



BEN 



Belvidere, p-v., Winnebago co., 111., 219 n. 
by E. Springfield, 78S W. 

Bemus' Heights, p-o., Stillwater t., Saratoga 
CO., N. Y., 26 N. Albany, 396 W. 

Benedict., p-v., Ciiarles co., Md., on the Pa- 
tuxent r., 59 s. s. E. Annapolis, 54 W. 

Benevola, p-o., Pickens co., Ala., 34 w. Tus- 
caloosa, y52 VV. 

Benj.4Mintown, p-o., Bradford co., Pa., 142 n. 
Harrisburg. 

Bengal, t., Clinton co., Mich. 

Bennetts' Bayou, t., Benton co., Ark. Pop. 
282. 

Bennetts' Corners, p-o., Lenox t., Madison 
CO., N. Y. 

Bennettsville, p-v., capital of Marlboro 
dist., S. C, 107 N.E. Columbia, 409 W. It con- 
tains a court house ; 2 churches, 1 Baptist, 1 Me- 
thodist, and about 350 inhabitants. 

Bennettsville, p-o., St. Clair co., Ala., 112 
N. E. Tuscaloosa, 705 W. 

Bennington, county, Vt., in the s. w. comer 
of the state, contains 610 sq. miles. The eastern 
part is mountainous, extending into the range 
of the Green mountains, and most parts of it are 
uneven, but the soil of the western part is good 
for tillage, and of the eastern for grazing. A 
range of limestone passes through the county, n. 
and s. and furnishes some good quarries of mar- 
ble ; iron ore is also found. The capitals are 
Bennington and Manchester. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 16,879, sheep 104,721, swine 
9,906 ; wheat 12,959 bush, produced rye 25,671, 
Ind. corn 70,246, buckwheat 16,071, oats 137,837, 
potatoes 564,279, sugar 180,986 pounds ; 38 stores, 
cap. $124,020 ; 5 furnaces, 11 fulling m., 8 wool- 
len fac, 3 cotton fac. 1,603 sp., 12 tanneries, 1 
pottery, 1 paper fac, 17 grist m., 73 saw m., 1 
oil m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. 
Cap. in manufac. $276, 365. 4 acad. 275 students, 
102 sch. 3,894 scholars. Pop. 1830, 17,470 ; 1840, 
16,872. 

Bennington, p-v., semi-capital of Bennington 
CO., Vt., 1 17 s. by w. Montpelier, 37 n. e. Albany, 
68 s. w. VVuidsor, 132 w. n. w. Boston, 407 W. 
42° 42' N. lat. and 73° w. Ion. Pop. 1790, 2,400 ; 
1830, 3,419 ; 1840, 3,429. This town was charter- 
ed in 1749 by Bemimg Wentworth, then the roy- 
al governor of N. H. from whom it was named, 
and it was settled in 1761. It is drained by 
branches of Hoosick r., which atfurd good water 
power. The soil is fertile ; and marble, iron ore, 
and yellow ochre, are found. The principal vil- 
lage is on elevated ground, and has a court liouse, 
a Congregational church, and an academy. A 
little to the e. is a considerable manufacturing 
village. In August, 1777, 8lJ0 Americans under 
Gen. Starke, defeated a superior British force, on 
the w. border of this town. It has 14 stores, 
cap. $55,670 ; 3 fulling m., 2 cotton fac. 1,608 
sp., 3 furnaces, 4 tanneries, 1 pottery, 1 paper 
fac, 3 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 oil m., 1 printuig 
office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac 
$111,700. 2 acad. 15J students, 12 sch. 419 scho- 
lars. Pop. 3,429. 

Bennington, p-t, Wyoming co., N. Y., 264 w. 
Albany, 370 W. It has a rolling surface ; soil, moist 
clay, and fertile. Drained by Cayuga and Tona- 
wanda crs. It has 5 stores, cap. $14,000 ; 1 wool- 
len fac, 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in 
raanufac.$8,300. 34 sch. 915 scholars. Pop. 2,368. 

Bennington, t., Shiawassee co., Mich. Drained 
by Looking Glass r. It has 1 saw m., 3 sch. 65 
scholars. Pop. 403. 

Bennington, p-t., Delaware co., O., 40 n. e. 
Columbus, 409 W. Pop. 1,051. 

Bensalem, t., Bucks co., Pa. It has 5 stores, 



cap. 16,000 ; 3 grist m., 1 sawm., 4 sch. 154 scho- 
lars. Pop. 1,731. 

Benson, p-t., Rutland co., Vt., 85 s. w. Mont- 
pelier, 62 s. Burlington, 457 W. It lies on Lake 
Champlain, here about a mile wide. First set- 
tled in 1783. The natural growth is pine, ma- 
ple, walnut, oak and beech. It has 3 stores, 1 
fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. 
in mauulac. $1,300. 11 sch. 510 scholars. Pop. 
1,403. 

Benson, p-o., Hope t., Hamilton co., N. Y., 65 
N. by w. Albany, 434 W. 

Bent Creek, p-o., Buckingham co., Va., 106 
w. Richmond, 192 W. 

Bentivoglia, p-o., Albemarle co., Va., 80 n. 
w. Richmond, 110 W. 

Bentleyville, p-v., Wa.shington co.. Pa., 
198 w. Harrisburg, 220 W. It lies on Pigeon 
creek. 

Bentleyville, p-o., Halifax co., Va., 115 s. 
w. Richmond, 213 W. 

Benton, county, Ala., m the n. e. part of the 
state, contains 1,060 sq. miles. Watered by a 
branch of Coosa r., and by Tallapoosa r. Sur- 
face generally level, soil fertile. Capital, Jack- 
sonville. There were in 18 10, neat cattle 16,898, 
sheep 4,886, swine 48,340 ; wheat 77,976 bush, 
produced, rye 885, Ind. corn 667,832, oats 22,191, 
potatoes 23,677, tobacco 30,538 pounds, cotton 
1,756,502. Value of gold produced $11,030. 29 
stores, cap. $156,500; 1 cotton fac. 153 sp., 8 tan- 
neries, 18 distilleries, 14 flouring m., 29 grist m., 
24 saw m., 1 prmting office, 1 weekly newspa- 
per. Cap. in manufac. $66,807. 4 acad. 180 stu- 
dents, 33 sch. 1,498 scholars. Pop. whites 1 1,360, 
slaves 2,894, free col'd 6 ; total, 14,260. 

Benton, county, Tenn., in the western part 
of the state, contains 375 sq. ms. The Ten- 
nessee r. forms its eastern boundary. Drained 
by several small creeks, brandies of Tennessee 
r. Surface level, soil fertile. Capital, Camden. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,263, sheep 
3,645, svidne 23,330 ; wheat 13,722 bush, produ- 
ced, Ind. com 41,533, oats 22,421, potatoes 5,229, 
tobacco 29,563 pounds, cotton 22,499 ; 4 stores, 
cap. $9,270 ; 3 distilleries, 3 grist m., 2 saw m. 
Cap, in manufac. $1,050. 4 sch. 214 scholars. 
Pop. whites 4,517, slaves 247, free col'd 8 ; total, 
4,772. 

Benton, county. Mo., in the s. w. part of the 
state, contains 1,050 sq. ms. The surface is un- 
even, consisting of prairie and woodland, and 
the soil is rich. Capital, Warsaw. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 4,177, sheep 2,617, swme 
12,541 ; wheat 3,2S3 bush, produced, Ind. com 
110,335, oats 8,195, potatoes 5,523, tboacco 
4,731 pounds, cotton 2,821 ; 8 stores, cap. $18,935 ; 
1 tannery, 2 distilleries. Cap. m manufac. 
$3,700. 1 sch. 39 scholars. Pop. whites 3,933, 
slaves 261 ; total, 4,205. 

Benton, county. Ark., in the n. w. corner of 
the state, contains about 1,050 sq. miles. Drain- 
ed by White r. and head branches of Illinois and 
Cow-skin rivers. Surface hilly, soil fertile. 
Capital, Bentonville. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 3,074, sheep 1,934, swine 8,221 ; wheat 
5,123 bush, produced, Ind. corn 130,595, oats 
5,935, potatoes 5,744, cotton 1,114,622 poimds ; 
6 stores, cap. $33,900 ; 2 tanneries, 4 distilleries, 

5 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac $3,400. 

6 sch. 121 scholars. Pop. whites 2,050, slaves 
163, free col'd 10; total, 2,228. 

Benton, p-t., Yates co., N. Y., 184 w. Albany, 
337 W. The surface consists of gentle swells or 
extended plains, the soil, clay, sandy and gra- 
velly loam, underlaid with slate and limestone. 
The outlet of Crooked lake, and Cashong ci; 



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60 



BER 



afford water power, and have several mills. 
The p-v., called Benton Centre, has 2 churches, 
2 stores, and 30 or 40 dwellings. There are in 
the t. 7 stores, cap. $21,500 ; 2 fulling m., 1 wool- 
len fac, 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 2 flouring m., 1 
grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $74,710. 18 
sch. 1,085 scholars. Pop. 3,911. 

Benton, p-o., Columbia co.. Pa., 110 n. by E. 
Harrisburg, 221 W. 

Benton, p-v., Lumpkin co., Ga., 15 Dahlone- 
ga, 125 N. N. w.Milledgeville, 635 W. Situated 
on the ridge between the Chestatee and Etowah 
rivers. 

Bento.v, p-o., Lowndes co., Ala., 98 s. s. e. 
Tuscaloosa, 859 W. 

Benton, t., Hocking co., O. Pop. 448. 

Benton, p-v., capital of Saline co., Ark., 24 s. 
w. Little Rock, 1,089 W. 

Benton, p-o., Marshall co., Tenn., 57 s. Nash- 
ville, 708 W. 

Benton, p-v.. Salt creek t.. Holmes co., O., 
92 n. e. Columbus, 344 W. Situated on the s. 
side of Martins creek. It has several stores and 
warehouses, 30 dwellings, and about 150 inhabit- 
ants. 

Benton, p-o., Franklin co., 111., 151 s. s. E. 
Springfield, 816 W. 

Benton, p-v., capital of Scott co.. Mo., 222 s. e. 
Jefferson city, 870 W. It contains a court house, 
jail, several stores and dwellings. 

Benton, p-o., Washtenaw co., Mich., 45 w. 
Detroit, 522 W. 

Benton, p-o., Hamilton co., Flor. 

Benton, t., Hocking co., O. Pop. 448. 

Benton, p-v., capital of Yazoo co., Miss., 50 
N. w. Jackson, 1,019 W. It is nearly equidis- 
tant between Big Black and Yazoo rivers. Con- 
tains a cotirt house, jail, and 1 church, free to all 
denominations, except R. Catholics, 1 academy, 
a masonic hall, and 4 stores. It is surrounded 
by a fine cotton-growing country. Population, 

Benton, t., Macon co.. Mo. Pop. 330. 

Benton, t., Linn co., Mo. Pop. 413. 

Benton, t., Newton co., Mo. It has 1 sch. 20 
scholars. Pop. 744. 

Benton, t, Polk co., Mo. Pop. 490. 

Benton, t., Taney co.. Mo. Pop. 340. 

Benton, t., Wayne co.. Mo. It has 1 sch. 33 
scholars. Pop. 425. 

Benton Ridge, p-o., Hancock co., O., 99 n. 
by w. Columbus, 464 W. 

Benton's Port, p-v.. Van Buren co., Iowa. 

Bentonville, p-v., capital of Polk co.,Tenn., 
174 s. E. Nashville, 574 W. It has a court house, 
jail, and academy, all of brick, 3 stores, 2 churches, 

1 Cumberland Pres., 1 Baptist, and about 200 in- 
habitants. It is on Four-mile branch, 4 m. s. of 
Highawasse r. 

Bentonville, p-o., Fayette co., la., 50 e. s. e. 
Indianapolis, 529 W. 

Bentonville, p-o., Adams co., O. 
Bentonville, v., capital of Benton co.. Ark., 

2 s. of Little Sugar cr. It has a court house, 
jail, and an academy. Pop. 134. 

Benvenue, p-o., Daupliin co.. Pa., 15 n. Har- 
risburg, 125 W. 

Berea, p-v., Middleburg t., Cuyahoga co., O., 
12 s. w. Cleveland, 136 n. n. e. Columbus, ' 366 
W. Situated on the falls of the e. branch of 
Rocky r., which affords water power. A man- 
ual laijor seminary is located here. It has several 
mills, and a manufactory of grindstone, of an 
excellent quality. 

Bere.\ Granville, p-o.. Person co., N. C. 

Bergen, comity, N. J. Situated in the n. e. 
part of the state, and contains 350 sq. ms. The 



surface is various ; soil, fertile, especially on the 
streams. Watered by Hackensack and Saddle 
rivers. The Palisades on tlie Hudson r. lie in 
this CO. Capital, Hackensack. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 6,425, sheep 7,266, swdne 8,599 ; 
wheat 7,221 bush, produced, rye 80,743, Ind. com 
86,667, buckwheat 45,169, oats 79,239, potatoes 
127,043 ; products of the dairy, $65,262 ; of the 
orchard, $57,803; of the garden, $32,494; 34 
stores, cap. $31,050; 1 fulling m., 6 cotton fac. 
4,398 sp., 9 tanneries, 8 distilleries, 5 paper fac, 
47 grist m., 57 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $128,733. 
1 acad. 25 students, 40 sch. 1,388 scholars. Pop. 
1840, 13,223. 

Bergen, p-t., Genesee co., N. Y'., 14 n. w. Ba- 
tavia, 237 w. Albany, 378 W. The surface is 
level, and the soil clay loam. Watered by 
Black cr. The Tonawanda railroad passes 
through it. The p-v. contains 5 stores and 30 
dwellings. Pop. of the v. 200, of the t. 1,832. 
It has 3 stores, cap. $7,200 ; 1 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $1,100. 10 sch. 405 scholars. 

Bergen, p-t., and capital Hudson co., N. J., 
56 N. E. Trenton, 222 W. Tlie surface is partly 
liilly, and partly marsh ; soil, red shale, and fer- 
tile. The V. is situated on the summit of Bergen 
ridge, 3 ms. w. Jersey City, has 2 churches, 1 
Dutch Reformed, 1 Presbyterian, 2 stores, and 
60 houses. The Beacon race course hes a little 
N. of the village. The court house is about to 
be erected in the n. part of the t. Settled in 
1616 by Danes, who came over with the Hol- 
landers. There are in the t., 1 furnace, 2 rope 
fac. Cap. in manufac. $202,300. 14 sch. 670 
scholars. Pop. 5,255. 

Berger's Store, p-o., Pittsylvania co., Va., 
163 s. w. Richmond, 238 W. 

Berkley, p-t., Bristol co., Ms., 37 s. Boston, 
18 e. Providence, 424 W. Taken from Dighton 
in 1735, from vvliich it is separated by Taimton r. 
The soil is light and not fertile. It has some 
coasting trade, and some ship-building. It has 1 
store, cap. $1,000 ; 1 grist m., 7 sch. 328 scholars. 
Pop. 886. 

Berkley, county, Va., in the n. e. part of the 
state, on the Potomac, contains 392 sq. ms. The 
surface is uneven and broken. Capital, Martins- 
burg. There were in 1840, neat cattle 9,157, 
sheep 13,092, swine 25,035 ; wheat 287,127 bush, 
produced, rye 38,005, Ind. corn 390,948, buck- 
wheat 2,293, oats 135,920 ; 28 stores, cap. 
$123,200; 7 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 1 furnace, 
7 tanneries, 8 distilleries, 19 flouring m., 30 grist 
m., 26 saw m., 1 paper fac, 1 printing office, 1 
weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $355,737. 
4 acad. 115 students, 18 sch. 612 scholars. Pop. 
1830, 10,528 ; 1840, whites 8,760, slaves 1,919, 
free colored 293 ; total, 10,972. 

Berkley Springs, p-o., in the village of Bath, 
Morgan co., Va., 180 n. n. w. Richmond, 101 W. 
The springs, which are near the village, are but 
slightly impregnated with mineral ingredients, 
and the cures which tliey effect are probably 
cliielly to be attributed to pure air, aud a beauti- 
ful and romantic scenery. 

Berks, county, Pa., in thes. E. part of the state, 
contains 1,020 sq. ms. It has a finely diversified 
surlace, with mountains on the n. w. and s. e. It 
is traversed by Schuylkill r. The soil is fertile. 
Capital, Reading. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 32,803, sheep 21,517, swine 34,095; wheat 

35 1,959 bush, produced, rye 449,247, Ind. corn 
490,777, buckwheat 58,040, oats 5S5,111, potatoes 
224,591; 118 stores, cap. $459,943 ; 11 furnaces, 

36 forges ; 13 lumber yards, cap. $-(3,000 ; 16 full- 
ing m., 7 woollen fac, 52 tanneries, 29 distilleries, 

i 3 powder m., 3 potteries, 27 flom-ing m., 114 grist 



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61 



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m., 108 saw m., 15 oil m., 5 paper fac, 1 printing 
office, 5 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. 
$250,743. 3 acad. 138 students, 25 srh. 1,750 
scholars. Pop. 1830, 53,357 ; 1840, 64,569. 

Berkshire, county, Ms., the most western in 
the state. The surface is uneven, as the Green 
Moxmtain range, which is here about 1,200 feet 
high on an average, passes through it. The soil 
is generally fertile, and particularly adapted to 
grazing. It is drained by the head branches of 
the Housatonic and Hoosick rs., which afford valu- 
able water power. Several of its towns have 
extensive manufactures. It has a good white 
marble and iron ore. The railroad from Boston 
to Albany passes through it. There were in 
1840. neat cattle 34,410, sheep 133,942, swine 
13,873 ; wheat 30,236 bush, produced, rye 54,547, 
Ind. com 119,846, buckwheat 13,122, oats 288,164, 
potatoes 670,876, sugar 234,334 pounds; 106 
stores, cap. $255,830 ; 17 fulling m., 10 woollen 
fac, 25 cotton fac. 34,512 sp., 6 furnaces, 23 tan- 
neries. 3 distilleries, 1 brewery, 2 powder m., 19 
paper fac, 39 grist m., 188 saw m., 3 oil m., 4 
printing offices, 3 weekly papers. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $1,813,749. 1 college 130 students, 12 
acad. 523 students, 258 sch. 9,101 scholars. Pop. 
1830,37,825; 1840,41,745. Capital, Lenox. 

Berkshire, pt., Franklin co., Vt., 65 n. by w. 
Montpelier, 22 n. e. by e. St. Albans, 31 n. e. 
by N. Burlington, 562 W. Watered b^ Misisque 
r. and its branches, which furnish fine intervale 
land. Pike r., from Canada, affords a good water 
power. It has 5 stores, cap. $6,000 ; 1 fulhng m., 
3 tanneries, 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $14,500. 13 sch. 267 scholars. Pop. 
1,818. 

Berkshire, p-t., Tioga co., N. Y., 148 w. s. 
w. Albany, 13 N. Owego,.291 W. The surface 
is hilly, and the soil gravelly loam, and very pro- 
ductive in the valleys. The p-v. is on the E 
Owego or., has 1 Presbyterian and 1 Metlwdist 
church, 2 stores, an academy, 1 woollen fac, 1 
grist m., 1 saw m., 1 tannery, and 45 dwellings. 
Pop. of the V. 300, of the t. 956. 

Berkshire, p-t., Delaware co., O., 28 n. Co- 
lumbus, 398 W. It is one of the richest townsliips 
in the county. The v. has an Episcopal church 
There are in the t. 7 sch. 210 scholars. Pop. 1,407 
Berkshire, p-o., Kane co., III. 
Berkshire Valley, p-v., Jefferson t., Morris 
CO., N. J., 12 N. w. Morristown, 67 n. Trenton, 
238 W. It is a wild rocky spot, through which 
runs a branch of Rockaway r., which affords 
water power, and on which are several forges. 
There is here 1 Presbyterian church. 

Berlin, p-t., Coos co., N. H., Ill n. Concord, 
594 W. The Ajidroscoggin and Amonoosuck rs. 
pass through it. Settled in 1771 under the name 
of Maynesborough ; received its present name in 
1829. It has 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $1,300. 2 sch. 42 scholars. Pop. 116. 

Berlin, t., Oxford co.. Me., 45 n. w. Augusta. 
It has 5 sch. 211 scholars. Pop. 442. 

Berlin, p-t., Washington co., Vt., 4 .s. Mont- 
pelier, 517 W. Watered by branches of Onion 
r., which afford good water power. First settled 
in 1786. It has 1 store, cap. $12,000 ; 1 fulling 
m., 2 flouring m., 5 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $11,910. 13 sch. 534 scholars. Pop. 
1,598. 

Berlin, p-t, Worcester co., Ms., 15 n. e. 
Worcester, 34 w. by n. Boston, 413 W. Water- 
ed by a branch of Assabet r., which affords a 
good water power. It has 1 store, cap. $10,400 ; 
S grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,150. 
] acad. 10 students, 5 sch. 229 scholars. Pop. 
763. 



Berlin, p-t., Hartford co., Ct., 10 s. by w. 
Hartford, 327 W. Taken from Farmington in 
1785. The surface is uneven, and the soil fer- 
tile. It has the societies of Worthington, Ken- 
sington, and New Britain, the last of which is a 
considerable manufacturing village. It has ex- 
tensive manufactures, particularly of tin ware. 
The Hartford and New Haven railroad passes 
through it. It has 12 stores, cap. $79,100; 1 
fulhng m., 2 cotton fac. 1,000 sp., 1 tannery, 4 grist 
m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $330,050. 1 acad. 
40 students, 16 sch. 724 scholars. Pop. 3,411. 

Berlin, p-t., Rensselaer co., N. V., 26 e. Al- 
bany, 387 W. The v. is on Little Hoosick cr., 
has 4 stores, 1 church, 2 m. Pop. 300. At the 
centre of the t. is another village, settled in 1764 
by Germans, which has 1 church, 1 store, and 
20 dwellings. There are in the t. 4 stores, cap. 
$8,000; 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap in 
manufac. $8,945. 8 sch. 522 scholars. Pop. 
1,794. 

Berlin, t., Wayne co.. Pa. Drained by Mast- 
hope, and some small branches of the Lacka- 
waxen cr. It has 3 stores, cap. $8,000 ; 6 sch. 
128 scholars. Pop. 488. 

Berlin, p-b., Brothers Valley t., Somerset, co.. 
Pa., 143 w. by s. Harrisburg, 160 W. Situated 
on the head waters of Stony cr. It has 1 Lu- 
theran, and 1 German Reformed church, and con- 
tains 4 stores, cap. $23,000 ; 4 tanneries, 2 potte- 
ries. Cap. in manufac. $9,000. 2 sch. 60 schol- 
ars. Pop. 524. 

Berlin, t., Milwaukie co., Wis. It has 1 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $2,000. Pop. 199. 

Berlin, p-v., Worcester co., Md., 123 s. E. 
Annapolis, 163 W. 

Berlin, p-o., Southampton co., Va., 70 s. 
Richmond, 189 W. 

Berlin, p-v., Marshall co., Teim., 48 s. Nash- 
ville, 705 W. 

Berlin, t., St. Clair co., Mich. It has 1 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $2,000. Pop. 253. 

Berlin, p-t.. Holmes co., O., 95 n. e. Colum- 
bus, 337 W. It lies in the e. part of the co., and 
is 3 miles square. It has 1 pottery, 4 grist m., 2 
saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. 
Cap. in manufac. $3,719. 1 sch. 52 scholars. 
Pop. 1,149. 

Berlin, p-v., Sangamon co., III., 14 w. by s. 
Springfield, 794 W. 

Berlin, t., Erie co., O. It has 12 sch. 575 
scholars. Pop. 1,628. 

Berlin, p-v., Sumter co., Ala. 86 s. w. 
Tuscaloosa, 904 W. 

Berlin, p-v., Scott co., Iowa, formerly called 
Parkhurst. 

Berlin, t., Knox co., O. Pop. 1,091. 

Berlin, p-t., Trumbull co., O., 18 s. w. War- 
ren, 156 n. e. Columbus, 303 W. Mahoning cr. 
passes through the t. The soil is excellent. Post 
office called Berlin Centre. It has 9 sch. 528 
scholars. Pop. 1,283. 

Berli.wille, p-o., Berlin t., Huron co., O., 4 
E. Norwalk, 108 n. n. e. Columbus, 395 W. 

Bermudian, p-v., Adams co., Pa., 19 s. by w. 
Harrisburg, 96 W. 

Bernadotte, p-v., Fulton co., 111., 65 n. w. 
Springfield, 843 W. 

Bernardston, p-t., Franklin co., Ms., 99- w. 
by N. Boston, 7 n. Greenfield, 409 W. It is on ele- 
vated ground, between Fall and Connecticut rs. 
It has 2 stores, cap. $4,000 ; 2 grist m., 5 saw ra., 
6 sch. 252 scholars. Pop. 992. 

Bernard, t., Somerset co., N. J. The surface 
is hilly or mountainous ; soil, fertile and well cul- 
tivated. It has 7 stores, cap. $13,600; 1 fulling 
in., 2 woollen fac, 4 tanneries, 1 distillery, 5 



BER 



62 



BET 



grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $37,939. 
7 sch. 231 scholars. Pop. 2,059. 

Bernardsville, p-v., Mercer co., N. J. 

Berne, p-t., Albanyco., N.Y.,23w. Albany, 393 
W. Tlie Helderberg hilk here rise precipitously 
from 100 to 500 feet. The valleys are very fertile. 
Watered by Foxes cr. which flows into Schoharie 
or. It has 9 stores, cap. $23,000 ; 1 fulling m., 2 
tanneries, 2 grist m., 22 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$16,190. 24 schools, 1,106 scholars. Population 
3,740. 

Berne, t, Athens co., O. Drained by Federal 
cr. It has 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,100. 
1 sch. 15 scholars. Pop. 381. 

Berne, t., Fairfield co., O. Pop. 2,419. 

Berne, t., Berks co., Pa. Divided into Upper 
and Lower Berne townships. Watered by Schuyl- 
kill r. It has 6 stores, cap. $14,475 ; 3 tanneries, 
1 powder m., 1 flouring m., 6 grist m., 7 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $9,275. Pop. 3,149. 

Berne, p-o., Monroe co., O., 108 e. s. k. Co- 
lumbus, 297 W. 

Beknville, p-v., L<3wer Berne t., Berks co. 
Pa., 63 E. by n Harrisburg, 158 W. It contains 

1 store, 40 dwellings, and 250 inhabitants. 
Berrien, county, Mich., in the s, w. corner 

of the state, contains 576 sq. ms. Drained chief- 
ly by St. Joseph's, Pawpaw, and Galien rs. The 
surface is rolling, but not hilly. The soil on the 
St. Joseph is a deep black sandy loam, in other 
parts of the county it is various. The valleys of 
the rivers are covered with a lieavy growtli of 
oak, whitewood, beech, elm, hickory, and sugar 
maple ; in some parts there is considerable pine. 
The rivers and creeks furnish excellent mill sites. 
Capital, St. Joseph- There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 4,934, sheep 2,407, swine 10,067 ; wheat 
56,685 bush, produced, Ind. corn 97,603, buck- 
wheat 1,316, barley, 2,792, oats 53,692, potatoes 
35,535, sugar 45,560 pounds ; 5 commission houses 
in for. trade, cap. $25,500 ; 21 stores, cap. 101,300 ; 

2 tanneries, 4 distilleries, 1 brewery, 3 flouring m., 
7 grist m., 27 saw m., 2 printing offices, 2 week- 
ly newspapers. Cap. in maimfiac. $223,008. 1 
college, 38 students, 23 sch. 620 scholars. Pop. 
5,011. 

Berrien Springs, p-v^ Berrien t., Berrien co., 
Mich., 192 s. w. Detroit, 637 W. It is on the w. 
bank of the St. Joseph r^ 15 ms. from its mouth. 
In the t. there are 4 stores, cap. $16,650 ; 1 dis- 
tillery, 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $20,270. 4 
sch. 84 scholars. Pop. 543. 

Berrysborg, p-v., Mifflin t., Dauphin co.. Pa., 
39 n. Harrisburg, 149 W. It has 2 stores, and 
about 20 dwellings. 

Berry's Ferry, p-o., Clark co., Va., 133 Rich- 
mond, 64 W. 

Berry's Lick, p-o., Butler co., Ky. 

Berrysville, p-v., Knox co., la., 113 s. w. In- 
dianapolis, 675 W. 

Berrysville, p-o., Clark co., Va., 158 Rich- 
mond, 62 W. 

Berrytown, p-v., Kent co., Del., 14 s. by w. 
Dover, 122 W. 

Berryville, v., Scott co., Miss., 10 s. Hille- 
boro C. H. 

Bertie, county, N. C, in the n. e. part of the 
state, contains 1,000 sq. miles. It is bounded s. 
by Roanoke r. The surface is level, and in some 
parts marshy. The cliief productions are cotton 
and tobacco. Capital, Windsor. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 9,484, sheep 7,222, swine 39,218; 
wheat 2,839 bush, produced, Ind. corn 545,282, 
oats 6,504, potatoes 66,444, cotton 2,121,449, tar, 
pitch, &c. 22,439 barrels ; 17 stores, cap. $101,000 ; 
30 tanneries, 82 distilleries, 24 grist m., 10 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $84,957. 14 sch. 224 schol- 



ars. Pop. 1830, 12,276 ; 1840, whites 5,144, slaves 
6,728, free col'd 303 ; total, 12,175. 

Bertrand, p-t., Berrien co., Mich., 186 w. by 
s. Detroit, 631 W. The v. is pleasantly situated 
on the E. bank of the St. Joseph's r., and has con- 
siderable business. The t. has 2 stores, cap. 
$27,000 ; 1 distillery, 1 flouring m., 2 grist m., 6 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $S2,800. 5 sch. 246 
scholars. Pop. 1,298. 

Berwick, p-v.. Brier Creek t., Columbia co., 
Pa., 97 n. by e. Harrisburg, 28 s. w. Wilkesbar- 
re, 207 W- On llie n. side of the Susquehanna 
r., at Niscopeck falls. There is a bridge here 
over the Susquehanna 1,260 feet long, which 
cost $52,435. It is pleasantly situated, and has 
a Methodist church, 5 stores, and 800 inhabitants. 
The Pennsylvania canal runs through the place. 

Berwick, t., York co.. Me., 16 n. w. Ports- 
mouth, N. H., 103 s. w. Augusta. Situated on 
the Salmon Fall r. It has considerable trade in 
lumber. Incorporated in 17J3. There is a con- 
siderable village at the falls on the r., called 
South Berwick, to which vessels come, and which 
has considerable trade. There are 5 stores, cap. 
$10,500 ; 4 tanneries, 1 pottery, 1 grist m., 5 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $10,100. 15 sch. 640 
scholars. Pop. 1,698. 

Berwick, t., Adams co.. Pa., 41 s. w. Harris- 
burg. The surface is level, soil red shale. 
Watered by Conewago and Beaver creeks. It 
has 5 stores, cap. $28,500 ; 3 tanneries, 3 distil- 
leries, 3 flouring m., 3 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 print- 
ing office, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $14,190. 6 sch. 493 scholars. Pop. 1,462. 

Berzklia, p-o., Columbia co., Ga., 74 n. e. 
Milledgeville, 20 w. Augusta, 597 W. It is a 
depot on the Georgia railroad. 

Bethabara, v., Stokes co., N. C, 9 s. Ger- 
manton. It is a Moravian village, has a large 
church, and 150 inhabitants. 

Bethania, p-v., Stokes co., N. C, 118 n. w. 
by w. Raleigh, 9 s. Germanton, 339 W. It is a 
Moravian village, containing 1 church, and 2U0 
inhabitants. 

Bethany, p-t.. New Haven co., Ct., 46 s. w. 
Hartford, 316 W. It was taken from the n. part 
of Woodbridge in 1832. The soil, generally good. 
In the K. part it is momitainous. It has 5 stores, 
cap. $5,400 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 1 flouring 
m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,060. 1 acad. 
30 students, 7 sch. 210 scholars. Pop. 1,170. 

Bethany, p-v., Bethany t., Genesee co., N. Y., 
252 w. Albany, 370 W. The surface of the t. is 
rolling ; soil, sandy loam and clay. Drained by 
Little Tonawanda and Black crs. The v. con- 
tains 2 churches, 2 stores, and 35 dwellings. 
Pop. 200; of the t. 2,286. It is surrounded by a 
fine agricultural country. 

Bethany, p-b., Dyberry t., Wayne co.. Pa., 3 
n. Honesdale, 165 n. e. Harrisburg, 272 W., 1 
mile w. of Dyberry cr. It contains a court house 
and fire-proof public offices, 1 Presbyterian church 
and 5i) dwellings. It lias 8 stores, cap. $39,200 ; 
3 fulhng m., 1 tannery, 1 glass lac, 1 glass cut- 
ting estab., 1 flouring m., 2 prmting offices, 2 
weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $82,000. 
1 acad. 36 students, 1 sch. 55 scholars. Pop. 299. 

Bethany, p-v., Brooke co., Va., 352 n. w. 
Richmond, 259 W. 

Bethany Church, p-o., Iredell co., N. C, 152 
w. Raleigh, 379 W. 

Bethel, p-t., Oxford co.. Me., 18 n. w. Paris, 
63 w. Augusta, 603 W. Incorporated in 1796. 
It lies on the Androscoggin r., and has a good 
soil. It contains 1 acad. 80 students, 23 sch. 716 
scholars. Pop. 1,994. 

Bethel, p-t., Windsor co., Vt., 34 s. by w. 



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63 



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Montpelier, 483 W. Chartered in 1779. The 
surface is broken and mountainous, but the soil 
is fertile. Watered by White r. and its branches. 
One of these branches affords a fine water power. 
There is here an inexhaustible quarry of steatite 
or soapstone, and a mill for sawing it, and it is 
variously manufactured, and extensively export- 
ed. It has 6 stores, cap. $25,000 ; 2 fulling m., 

2 woollen fac, 3 tanneries, 2 grist m., 7 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $28,225. 14 sch. 536 scholars. 
Pop. 1,886. 

Bethel, p-v., Danbiuy t, Fairfield cc, Ct., 71 
s. w. Hartford, 289 W. It is a flourishing manu- 
facturing village of 50 or 60 houses, and half as 
many workshops or factories. Hats and combs 
are the principal articles manufactured. 

Bethel, p-t., Sullivan co., N. Y., 60 w. New- 
burg, 121 s. s. w. Albany, 303 W. The surface 
is iiilly, soil gravelly loam, resting on slate. 
Drained by branches of the Delaware r. There 
are several large ponds, one of which affords mUl 
seats at its outlet. It has 3 stores, cap. $9,000 ; 
1 fulling ra., 2 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $16,500. Pop. 1,483. 

Bethel, p-t., Berks co.. Pa., 52 e. Harrisburg, 
162 W. It has 1 church, used by German Pres- 
byterians and German Lutherans, and 30 dwel- 
lings. I has 5 stores, cap. $12.500 ; 1 fulling m., 
1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 4 distilleries, 4 grist m., 
6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,700. Pop. 1,458. 

Bethel, t., Bedford co.. Pa. The surface is 
mountainous, and the soil calcareous loam. 
Drained by Great Conolovvay cr. and its tributa- 
ries. It has 1 store, cap. $2,800; 1 tannery, 5 
grist ra., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,954. Pop. 
1,402. 

Bethel, t, Delaware co., Pa. The surface is 
level ; soil, clay. Watered by Naaman's cr., a 
branch of Chester cr. It has 1 store, cap. $3,000 ; 

3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 2 flouruig m., 3 grist m., 
8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,735. Pop. 386. 

Bethel, t., Clark co., O., in the s. w. corner of 
the CO., on the waters of Mad cr. It has 10 sch. 
509 scholars. Pop. 2,033. 

Bethel, p-v., Hertford co., N. C, 169 n. e. 
Raleigh, 241 W. 

Bethel, p-v., Glynn co., Ga., 238 s. e. Mil- 
ledgeville, 747 W. 

Bethel, t., Posey co., la. Pop. 449. 

Bethel, p-o., Wilcox co., Ala., 105 s. Tusca- 
loosa, 897 W. 

Bethel, t.. Branch co., Mich. 3 sch. 46 schol- 
ans. Pop. 335. 

Bethel, p-v., Clermont co., O., 110 s. w. Co- 
lumbus. 477 W. 

Bethel, St. Clair co., Mich. Pop. 225. 

Bethel, p-o., Morgan co., HI., 45 Springfield, 
825 W. 

Bethel, t., Monroe co., O. Pop. 545. 

Bethel, t., Miami co., O., on tbe e. side of 
Miami r. It has 1 store, cap. $1,000 ; 2 saw m. 
6 sch. 294 scholars. Pop. 1,574. 

Bethel, v., Wayne co., Ga., on the s. side of 
Turtle r. It contains a Methodist church, and 
about 12 dwellings. 

Bethel, t., Lebanon co.. Pa. The surface is 
mountainous in the n., level in the s.; soil chiefly 
gravel. Watered by Swatara cr. and its branches. 
The V. contains 2 churches — 1 German Presby- 
terian and 1 German Lutheran. The t. has 4 
stores, cap. $16,500 ; 1 furnace, 2 tanneries, 2 
distilleries, 3 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $10,937. 3 sch. 149 scholars. Pop. 1,662. 

Betuesda, p-o., Williamson co., Tenn. 

Bethlehem, p-t., Grafton co., N. H., 88 n. w. 
Concord, 549 W. Incorporated in 1799. Watered 
by Great Amonoosuc r. The soil is fertile, and 



among the natural growth is pine and the sugar 
maple. Some mountain and bog ii'on ore is 
fomid. It has mineral springs. It contains 1 
store, cap. $2,000 ; 1 fulling m., 2 grist m., 3 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $9,850. 11 sch. 285 schol- 
ars. Pop. 779. 

BethleheiM, p-t., Hunterdon co., N. J., 40 n. 
by w. Trenton, 202 W. Surface hilly and 
mountainous on the n. ; soil, clay, red shale, and 
loam. It has a Presbyterian church, 5 stores, 
cap. $16,850 ; 4 tanneries, 5 grist m., 3 saw m., 1 
oil m. Cap. in manufac. $7,725. 6 sch. 166 
scholars. Pop. 2,370. 

Bethlehem, t., Albany co., N. Y., 5 s. Alba- 
ny. The soil is various ; along Hudson r. are 
some alluvial flats. Watered by Normanskill, 
Vlamanskill, and Coeymans crs., which afford 
some water power. It has 7 stores, cap. $6,000 ; 
4 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 
2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $29,060. 800 schol- 
ars in sch. Pop. 3,238. 

Bethlehem, p-b., Northampton co.. Pa., 48 
w. of N. Philadelphia, 93 e. Harrisburg, 186 W. 
Settled by the Moravians, under Count Zinxen- 
dorf, in 1741. The borough, which is character- 
ized by great neatness and order, is on the n. 
bank of the Lehigh r., at the mouth of the 
Manokicy cr. The ground rises gradually from 
the r. and the cr., and gives a commanding situa- 
tion to the V. It is compactly built on a street 
running n. and s., and two other streets proceed- 
ing E. from the main street. It contains a large 
stone church, in the Gotliic style, 142 feet long 
and 68 feet wide, with a small tower rising from 
the centre, and surmounted by a dome. There 
is a burying ground to the n. e. of the village, 
laid out with great neatness and taste, in which 
the graves have the heads to the n. There are 
about 200 dwelling houses, besides other build- 
ings. Here is a bridge over the Lehigh 400 feet 
long. This place has long been celebrated for a 
female school of a high order, conducted by the 
I\Ioravians, in which many highly respectable 
ladies of the Middle states have received their 
education. The Lehigh canal passes along the 
r., through the lower part of the place. It con- 
tains 4 stores, cap. $16,500 ; 1 furnace, 2 tanne- 
ries, 1 distillery, 1 brewery, 4 flouring m., 5 grist 
m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $88,000. 1 col- 
lege, 8 students, 2 acad. 175 students, 2 sch. 169 
scholars. Pop. 2,989. 

Bethlehem, p-t., Stark co., O., on the Tus- 
carawas r., near the Oliio canal. It has some 
good water power. Tlie soil is good. The land 
is rolling on the e. side of the r., and hilly on the 
w. It has 3 sch. 82 scholars. Pop. 2,019. 

Bethlehem, t., Coshocton co., O. Drained 
by Walhonding r. Pop. 827. 

Bethlehem, p-v., Clark co., la., on the w. 
bank of the Ohio r., 26 Louisville, Ky., 104 s. by 
E. Indianapolis, 585 W. 

Bethlehem, v., Oglethorpe co., Ga., 65 n. n. 
E. Milledgeville. Contains a Presbyterian church, 
an academy, and several dwellings. 

Bethlehem Cross Roads, p-o., Southampton 
CO., Va., 80 s. by e. Richmond, 199 W. 

Bethlem, p-t., Litchfield co., Ct., 43 w. s. 
w. Hartford, 32 n. w. by w. New Haven, 315 
W. The surface is hilly, and the soil a fertile 
gravelly loam. It is a small t. 4i miles long by 
4 wide, containing 18 sq. miles. The head 
waters of Pomperaug r., a branch of the Housa- 
tonic r., afford some water jiovver. The village 
contains 2 churches — 1 Congregational and 1 
Episcopal — 2 stores, cap. $5,000 ; 1 fulling ra., 
2 distilleries, 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in man 
ufac. $3,230. 9 sch. 200 scholars. Pop- '^76. 



BIG 



64 



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Bethsaida, p-0., Cole co., III., 88 e. s. e. 
Springfield, 696. 

Bettsville, p-0., Seneca co., O., 101 n. Co- 
lumbus, 433 W. 

Bevans, p-0., Sussex co., N. J., 96 n. Trenton, 
253 W. 

Bevansville, p-0., Alleghany co., Md., 144 n. 
w. by w. Annapolis, 1 12 W. 

Beverly, p-t., Essex co., Ms., 16 n. e. Boston, 
456 W. It lies n. of Salem, to which it is con- 
nected by abridge 1,500 feet long. The inhabi- 
tants are chiefly employed in commerce and the 
fisheries, though they have also considerable 
manufactures. Incorporated in 1688. The v. has4 
churches — 2 Congregational, 1 Baptist, and 1 
Unitarian — a bank, and an insurance office. There 
are in the 1. 1 com. house, cap. $10,000 ; 22 stores, 
cap. $43,000 ; 1 rope fac, 2 grist m., 1 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $38,500. 1 acad. 29 students, 
10 .sch. 828 scholars. Pop. 4,689. 

Beverly, p-v., capital of Randolph co., Va., 
205 N. w. Richmond, 232 W., on the Eastern 
Fork of the Monongahela r. It is laid out in 3 
parallel streets, and has a court house, jail, and 
county offices, and about 20 dwellings. The 
country immediately around it is well cultivated, 
and for several miles in every direction, appears 
like an extended village. 

Beverly, p-v., Anson co., N. C, 149 s. w. 
Raleigh, 406 W. 

Beverly, p-t., Washington co., O., 87 s. e. 
Columbus, 321 W. Pop. 315. 

Beverly, p-o., Adams co.. 111., 78 w. Spring- 
field, 858 W. 

Bevis' Tavern, p-o., Hamilton co., O., 114 s. 
w. Columbus, 504 W. 

Bexar, p-o., Coweta co., Ga., w. by n. Mil- 
ledgeville. 

Bibb, coimty, Ga., in the central part of the 
state, contains 450 sq. ms. Drained by the Oc- 
mulgee r. The soil in the s. part is sandy, in the 
N. red loam. Capital, Macon. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 4,137, sheep 1,178, swine 7,913; 
wheat 4,560 bush, produced, Ind. corn 143,145, 
oats 5,660, potatoes 8,370, cotton 1,261,000 pounds; 
9 commission houses in for. trade, cap. $75,000 ; 
82 stores, cap. $385,000 ; 9 lumber yards, cap. 
7,500 ; 9 grist m., 11 saw m., 3 printing offices, 1 
bindery, 1 periodical, 3 weekly newspapers. Cap. 
in manufac. $132,100. 1 college, 150 students, 
3 acad. 200 students, 2 sch. 75 scholars. Pop. 
1830, 7,154 ; 1840, wliites 5,355, slaves 4,420, free 
col'd 27 ; total, 9,802. 

Bibb, county, Ala., in the central part of the 
state, contains 800 sq. ms. Drained by the Ca- 
hawba r. Capital, Centreville. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 8,711, sheep 2,340, swine 11,480 ; 
wheat 23,418 bush, produced, rye 1,263, Ind. corn 
235,237, oats 20,533, potatoes 16,158, tobacco 7,724 
pounds, cotton 268,408 ; 5 stores, cap. $13,700; 3 
forges, 1 cotton fac. 984 sp., 2 tanneries, 10 distil- 
leries, 2 flouring m., 27 grist m., 21 sawm. Cap. 
in manufac. $37,122. 15 sch. 418 scholars. Pop. 
1830, 6,306 ; 1840, whites 6,256, slaves 2,023, free 
col'd 5 ; total, 8,284. 

Bickley's Mill.s, p o., Russell co., Va., 333 
W. by s. Richmond, 397 W. 

Biddeford, t., York co.. Me., is on the s. side 
of Saco r., and connected with the town of Saco 
by a bridge. It extends to the ocean, and has a 
revolving light off the mouth of the Saco r. It 
has 15 stores, cap. $7,500 ; 1 furnace, 1 fulling 
m., 2 tanneries, 1 pottery, 2 grist m., 9 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $16,450. 13 sch. 563 scholars. 
Pop. 2,574. 

Big Beaver, t., Beaver co.. Pa. It has 3 stores, 
cap. 4,500 ; 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. 



in manufac. $4,350. 9 sch. 295 scholars. Pop. 
1,339. 

Big Bend, p-o., Venango co.. Pa. 

Big Black, r.. Miss., has a course of 160 miles, 
and falls into the Mississippi. 

Big Blue r., rises in the Indian territory, and 
enters the Missouri in Jackson co. 

Big Blue, p-o., Jackson co.. Mo., 153 w. n. w. ' 
Jefferson city, 1,079 W. 

Big Brook, p-o., Western t., Oneida co., N. 
Y., 104 w. by N. Albany, 404 W. 

Bigbyville, p-0., Maury co., Tenn., 60 s. by 
w. Nashville, 732 W. 

Big Coal, p-o., Kanhawa co., Va. 

Big Creek, p-o., Stokes co., N. C, 112 n. w. 
Raleigh, 313 W. 

Big Creek, p-t., Phillips co.. Ark., 103 e. Lit- 
tle Rock, 1,030 W. It has 2 grist m., 1 sch. 10 
scholars. Pop. 392. 

Big Creek, p-o., Johnson co., Mo., 118 w. by 
N. Jefferson city, 1,050 W. 

Big Creek, t. Van Buren co., Mo., 3 sch. 82 
scholars. Pop. 1,106. 

Big Creek, t., Crawford co.. Ark. Pop. 225. 

Big Creek, t.. Rives co., Mo. It has 2 sch. 
36 scholars. Pop. 431. 

Big Creek, a small branch of White r., Ark. 

Bigelow's Mill, p-o., Laporte co., la., 140 n. 
by w. Indianapolis, 674 W. 

Big Eagle, p-o., Scott co., Ky. 

Big Equinunck, p-o., Wayne co.. Pa., 95 n. 
E. Harrisburg, 291 W. 

Big Flats, p-t., Chemung co., N. Y., 204 s. w, 
Albany, 5 w. Elmira, 284 W. Surface generally 
imeven, excepting on the r. Watered by Che- 
mung r. and its branches. The navigable feeder 
of Chemung canal, and the New York and Erie 
railroad pass through the t. The v. is on the n. 
side of the Chemimg r., and contains 1 Presbyte- 
rian and 1 Episcopal church, 2 stores, 30 dwel- 
luigs and 200 inhabitants. There are in the t., 3 
stores, cap. $10,200 ; 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 1 
brewery, 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $14,600. 
7 sch. 385 scholars. Pop. 1,375. 

Big Hatchy, r., Tenn., after a course of 100 
ms. falls into the Mississippi in Tipton co. 

Big Hollow, p-o., Windham t., Greene co., 
N. Y., 54 s. by w. Albany, 361 W. 

Big Island, p-t., Marion co., O., 47 w. by n. 
Columbus, 421 W. The v. contains several stores 
and 25 or 30 dwellings. In the t. are 1 tannery, 
1 distillery, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$1,400. 3 sch. 120 scholars. Pop. of the t. 554. 

Big Lick, t., Hancock co., O. 2 sch. 74 scho- 
lars. Pop. 430. 

Big Lick, p-o., Roanoke co., Va., 172 w. Rich- 
mond, 241 W. 

Big Mills, p-o., Dorchester co., Md., 75 s. e. 
Annapolis, 115 W. 

Big Prairie, t., New Madrid co., Mo. . 1 acad. 
25 students. Pop. 624. 

Big Prairie, p-o., Clinton t., Wayne co., O., 
84 N. E. Columbus, 353 W. 

Big River Mills, p-o., St. Francis co., Mo., 
149 s. E. Jefferson city, 911 W. 

Big River, t., Jefierson co.. Mo. It has 1 sch. 
18 scholars. Pop. 965. 

Big Rock, p-o., Sumter co., Ala., 121 s. w. 
Tuscaloosa, 939 W. 

Big Sandy, river, formed by the junction of e. 
and w. Forks, rises in Virginia, and enters the 
Ohio at Catletsburg, Ky. It forms, in its E. Fork, 
the boundary between Va. and Ky., for nearly 
200 ms. 

Big Spring, p-o., Wilson co., Tenn., 39 e. 
Nashville, 645 W. 

Big Spring, p-o., Breckenridge co., Ky. 



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Big Spring, p-o., Montgomery co., Mo., 50 n. 
E. Jefferson city, 900 W. 

Big Springs, t., Seneca co., O. Contains 3 
stores, cap. $1,300 ; 3 sch. 101 scholars. Pop. 
925. 

Big Spring, p-o., Laporte co., la., 151 n. by 
w. Indianapolis, 654 W. 

Big Spring Point, p-v.,Starkeyt., Yates co., 
N. Y., 192 w. Albany, 311 W. 

Big Swamp, p-o., Bladen co., N. C, 120 s. Ra- 
leigh, 408 W. 

Big Valley, p-o., Anderson co., Tenn., 184 
E. by N. Nashville, 510 W. 

Big Walnut, r., an easterly branch of the 
Scioto r., O., 55 ms. long. 

Big Woods, p-o., Calcasieu par.. La. 

Billerica, p-t., Middlesex co., Ms., 18 n. w. 
Boston, 7 s. s. e. Lowell, 450 W. Watered by 
Concord and Shawsheen rs., wliich afford good 
water power. It has a pleasant village in the 
centre, on elevated ground, which contains an 
academy. The .soil is good and well cultivated, 
and it has considerable manufactures. The Mid- 
dlesex canal and Boston and Lowell railroad pass 
through tlie e. part of the t. It contains 3 chui'ches, 

1 Congregationalist, 1 Baptist, and 1 Unitarian 
It has 6 stores, cap. $7,31)0 ; 2 fulling m., 2 wool- 
len fac, 8 forges, 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 3 grist 
m., 6 sawm. Cap. inmanufac. $41,700. 1 acad. 
35 students, 10 sch. 340 scholars. Pop. 1,632. 

Billingsville, p-o., Union co., la., 74 e. by s. 
Indianapolis, 512 W. 

BiLOxi, p-v., Harrison co., Miss., 227 s. e. Jack- 
son, 1,155 W. Situated on Biloxi bay, which sets 
up from Pascagoula bay, on the Gulf of Mexico. 

BiLTON, p-o., Logan co., Va., 37{> w. Richmond, 
413 W. 

Bingham, p-t., Somerset co.. Me., 60 n. Augus- 
ta, 26 N. Norridgewock, 655 W. Situated on the 
E. side of Kennebec r. It has 3 stores, cap. $3,700 ; 

2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. §3,700. 
10 sch. 358 scholars. Pop. 751. 

Bingham, p-t.. Potter co.. Pa., 181 n. w. Ilar- 
risburg, 295 W. It has 3 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $2,900. 5 sch. 98 scholars. Pop. 453. 

Bingham, t., Clinton co., 3Iich. 

BiNGHAMTON, p-v., Chenango t., capital of 
Broome co., JN. Y., 138 s. w. Albany, 296 W. Sit- 
uated at the junction of the Chenango and Sus- 
quehanna rivers. Incorporated in 1813, and has a 
court house, jail, comity clerk's office, an acade- 
my, 9 churches, 2 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 
Baptist, 2 Methodist, 1 Roman Catholic, and 2 
African. It has 45 stores, 4 warehouses, 2 ilour- 
ing m., 4 saw m., 1 furnace, 1 stave factory, 2 
plaster m., 2 tanneries, 1 plough factory, 1 cloth- 
dressing establishment, 1 gmi and rifle factory, 2 
printing offices, and various other manufactures. 
The Chenango canal connects it with the Erie 
canal at Utica, and the New York and Erie rail- 
road will pass through it. There is a bridge here 
over the Susquehamia, and another over the Che- 
nango. It is surrounded by a rich agricultural 
country, and exports a large amount of lumber. 
Pop. 2,800. 

BiRCHETTSviLLE, p-o., Cleveland co., N. C. 

Birch Pond, p-o., Fayette co., Tenn., 199 s. 
w. by w. Nashville, 834 W. 

Birch River, p-o., Nicholas co., Va., 330 n. 
w. by w. Richmond, 302 W. 

BiRDSALL, p-t., Alleghany co., N. Y., 225 w. 
by s. Albany, 8 n. e. Angelica, 336 W. The siu-- 
face is undulating and the soil clay loam. Drained 
by Black cr. It has 1 saw m., 3 sch. 105 scholars. 
Pop. 328. 

Birdsville, p-v., Burke co., Ga., 74 e. Mil- 

ledgevUle, 636 W. i 

9 



Birmingham, p-b., Warrior Mark t., Hunting- 
don CO., Pa.. 107 n. w. by w. Harrisburg, 166 VV., 
on the w. branch of the Little Jimiata r. There 
is a lead mine and ii-on ore near the v. It has 
1 church, 40 houses ; 6 stores, cap. $13,650. Cap. 
in manufac. $4,787. Pop. 235. 

Birmingham, t., Delaware co., Pa. It has 2 
stores, cap. $4,000 ; 1 woollen fac, 3 tanneries, 2 
distilleries, 1 flouring m., 9 grist m., 10 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $16,060. 3 sch. 59 scholars. 
Pop. 605. 

Birmingham, t, Chester co.. Pa., has 1 store, 
cap. 2,500 ; 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $2,460. 2 sch. 137 scholars. Pop. 312. 

Birmingham, p-v., Florence t., Erie co., O., 115 
iN. by E. Columbus, 3:38 W. Situated on the w. 
bank of Vermillion r. It contains 1 flouring m., 1 
saw m., 1 forge, several stores, and various me- 
chanic shops, and is a growing village. 

Birmingham, p-v., Oakland co., Mich., 19 n. 
w. Detroit, 543 W. It is pleasantly situated on 
one of the head branches of Rouge r. It has 4 
stores, 1 flouring ra., 1 furnace, and is flourisliing. 
Birmingham, borough, St. Clair t., Alleghany 
CO., Pa. (See Pittsburg.) 

BisHOPsviLLE, p-v., Sumpter dist. S. C, 87 n 
E. by E. Columbia, 495 W. 

Bissell's, p-o., Geauga CO., O., 149 n. e. Co- 
lumbus, 337 W. 

BiSTiNEAU, lake, Claiborne par., La., 35 miles 
long, and about 2 wide, receives Dacheet r., and 
connects witii the Red r., the waters of which it 
receives as a reservoir, in the wet season, and 
discharges them in the dry. 

Bivingsville, p-o., Spartanburg dist., S. C, 
101 N. w. Columbia, 4G9 W. 

Black, t., Posey co., la. It has 10 stores, cap. 
$186,000 ; 2 tanneries, 2 flouring m., 3 grist m., 1 
saw m., 1 printmg office, 1 w^eekly newspaper. 
Cap. in manufac. $12,500. 10 sch. 300 scholars. 
Pop. 2,526. 
Blackberry, p-o., Kane co.. 111. 
Black Bird, p-o.. New Castle co., Del., 18 n. 
Dover, 13S W. 

Black Bkook, p-t., Clmton co., N. Y., 20 s. 
w. Plaitsburg, 158 n. Albany, 533 W. Surface, 
hilly and mountainous, covered with forests, and 
abounds in iron ore. Drained by the Saranac and 
Au Sable is., and Black brook. It has 6 stores, 
cap. $14,400 ; 4 forges, 1 tamiery,9 saw m. Cap. 
in manulac. $20,850. 2 sch. 60 scholars. Pop. 
1,064. 

Black Creek, p-v., New Hudson t., Allegha- 
ny CO., N. Y., 275 w. by s. Albany, 325 W. The 
V. has 1 store, 1 church, and 12 or 15 dwellings. 

Black Creek, rises in New Hudson t., Alle- 
ghany CO., N. Y., and runs n. e. into the Gene 
see r. The Genesee Valley canal follows the 
valley of this cr. a considerable distance, after 
leaving the Genesee r. 

Black Creek, p-o., Wayne co., N. C, 73 s. e. 
Raleigh, 281 W. 

Black Creek, p-o., Scriven co., Ga., 128 e. 
by s. Milledgeville, 650 W. 
Black Creek, t., Mercer co., O. Pop. 339. 
Black Creek, p-o., Sullivan co., la., 96 s. w. 
Indianapolis, 663 W. 
Blackface, p-o., Nottaway co., Va. 
Blackford, comity, la., toward the n. e. part 
of the state, contams 182 sq. ms. Establislied in 
1838. The soil is generally good, and in the s. 
part excellent. Drained by Salamaide r. and 
several small crs. Capital, Blackford C. H. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 1,015, sheep 240, swine 
2,902; wheat 3,259 bush, ju-oduced, Ind. corn 
22,753, oats 1,579, potatoes 3,377, sugar 745 Iba., 
2 grist m., 1 saw m. Pop. 1,226. 



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Blackford, C. H., p-v., Hartford t., capital of 
Blackford cc, la., 81 n. e. Indianapolis, 552 W. 

Black Hawk, p-o., Beaver co., Pa. 

Black Hawk, p-o., Carroll co., Miss., 77 n. 
Jackson, 994 W. 

Black Hawk, p-t., Shelby co., la., 34 s. e. 
Indianapolis, 577 W. It has 2 stores, cap. $2,500 ; 
Pop. 102. 

Black Hole, p-o., Lycoming co., Pa., 87 n. by 
w. Harrisburg, 197 W. 

Black Hokse, p-o., Chester t., Chester co.. 
Pa., 57 s. E. Harrisburg, 127 W. 

Black House, p-o., Hartford co., Md., 57 n. 
by E. Annapolis, 67 W. 

Black Legs, p-o., Indiana co.. Pa., 175 w. by 
N. Harrisburg, 215 W. 

Blackleysville, p-v., Plain t., Wayne co., 
O., 94 N. E. Columbus, 353 W. 

Black Oak, p-o., Charleston dist., S. C, 139 
8 E. by s. Columbia, 527 W. 

Black Oak, p-o., Tallahatcliie co., Miss., 128 
Jackson, 975 W. 

Black, r., Windsor co., Vt., 35 ms. long, enters 
Connecticut r. at Springfield. 

Black, r., Lorahi co., O., formed of 2 branches, 
wliich unite half a mile below Elyria. Just above 
their jmiction, they liave each a full of 45 feet, 
afTordmg line mill seats. The united stream en- 
ters Lake Erie. 

Black, r., N. Y., the tliird in size wliich flows 
wlioUy within the stale. It rises in Herkimer co., 
and after a course of 103 ms., falls into Black r. 
bay at the foot of Lake Ontario. At Leyden, in 
the s. E. part of Lewis county, the r. falls 63 feet, 
ii'om whicli to Carthage, in the s. e. part of Jeffer- 
son CO., a distance of 40 nis., tlie r. is navigable 
for boats. Below Carthage to its mouth, it has 
many rapids, and cannot be navigated. The land 
ou its borders, in its lower parts, is exceedingly 
fertile, and has a dense population. From tlie 
foot of the falls of Leyden, the Black r. canal ex- 
tends to the Erie canal at Rome, wliich, witli the 
river navigation to Carthage, will, when complet- 
ed, make a distance in tlie whole, of 85 miles. 

Black, r., N. C, one of the e. branches of 
Cape Fear r., whicli it enters 23 ms. above Wil- 
mington. 

Black, r., S. C, the s. w. branch of Great Pe- 
dee r., wliich it enters 3 ms. above Georgetown. 

Black, r.. Ark., rises in Missouri, and after re- 
ceiving several large rivers from the N. w., enters 
Wliite r. 80 ms. from the n. bomidary of Arkan- 
sas. 

Black, r., Mich., has a course of 18 ms., and 
discharges its waters into L. Micliigan, between 
Allegan and Ottawa counties. 5 ms. from its 
mouth, it expands into Black lake, but contracts 
to its usual breadth before entering tlie lake. A 
fine harbor might be made at its mouth. 

Black River, p-t., Lorain co., 0.», 130 n. n. e. 
Columbus, 387 W. It is a small t., wliich lies on 
both sides of Black r., and adjoins Lake Erie. 
The V. at the mouth of the r. on Lake Erie, has 
a good harbor, and considerable trade. The t. 
contains 1 foreign commission house, cap. $50,000 ; 
4 retail stores, cap. $10,750; 2 lumber yards, cap. 
$38,000. Cap. in manufac. $y,000. 3 sch. 67 
sciiolars. Pop. 668. 

Black River, t., St. Francis co.. Mo. Pop. 101. 

Black River, t., Wasliington co., Mo. It has 1 
sch. 20 scholars. Pop. 685. 

Black River, t., Wayne co.. Mo. Pop. 528. 

Black River, t.. Independence co., Ark. It 
has 1 grist m. Pop. 476. 

Black River, t., Lawrence co^ Ark. Pop. 100. 

Black River, p-o., Rutland t., Jefferson co., 
N. Y. 



Black River Chapel, p-o., New Hanover 
CO., N. C, 126 s. by e. Raleigh, 356 W. 

Black Rock, p-v., Black Rock t., Erie co., N. 
Y., near the foot of Lake Erie, 2i ms. below the 
city of Buffalo, of which it may be considered a 
suburb, and with which it is connected by a rail- 
road; 290 Albany by land, 316 by the Erie canal, 
383 W. Incorporated 1837. It contains 300 
dwellings, and about 1,800 inhabitants. It has 1 
cliurch, 10 stores and groceries, 5 warehouses, 4 
flouring m. with 25 run of stones, 2 saw ra., 2 oil 
m., 2 distilleries, 1 iron foundry, 1 machine shop, 
and various other manufacturing establishments. 
The harbor is formed by an immense stone pier, 
or mole, projecting into Niagara r., built by the 
state of New York, for the double purpose of 
forming a safe and convenient harbor for vessels 
on the lake, and canal boats which here enter the 
lake, and also for securing to the Erie canal an 
abundance of water, directly from the lake, east- 
ward, as far as Montezuma, nearly half its entire 
length. By means of the mole, an immense wa- 
ter power is obtained at Black Rock. There 
were received in 1840, 511,984 bushels of wheat, 
and 244,700 barrels of flour manufactured. There 
is a ferry here across to Waterloo in Canada. 

Black Rock, t., Erie co., N. Y. It extends 
on 3 sides of Buffalo, from which it is centrally 
distant 3 ms. The surface is mostly undulating, 
with an alluvial soil intermixed with clay. Squaw 
and Strawberry islands, each containing about 
100 acres, belong to this t. It has 10 sch. 396 
scholars. Pop. 3,625. 

Black Rock, p-o., Rappahannock co., Va., 131 
N. N. w. Richmond, 83 W. 

Blacks, p-o., Waldo co.. Me., 53 e. Augusta, 
647 W. 

Blacks and Whites, p-o., Nottaway co., Va., 
60 s. w. Richmond, 179 W. 

Black's Bluff, p-o., Wilcox co., Ala., 109 s. 
by e. Tuscaloosa, 901 W. 

Blacksborg, p-o., Montgomery co., Va., 212 
s. w. Richmond, 278 W. 

Blacksnake Hills, p-o., Buchanan co.. Mo. 

Black Stocks, p-o., Chester dist., S. C, 46 
N. by w. Columbia, 463 W. 

Blackstone, p-o., Worcester co., Mass., 40 s. 
w. Boston, 418 W. 

Blackstone, r., or Pawtucket, rises in Wor- 
cester CO., Mass., and enters Providence, R. I., 
where it affords a great water power, and has 
given birth to numerous factories. Tlie Black- 
stone canal from Worcester to Providence, fol- 
lows the course of this r. This canal is 45 miles 
long, was completed in 1829, and cost ii>700,000. 

Black's Store, p-o., Tippah co.. Miss., 224 
Jackson, 858 W. 

Blacksville, p-v., Monongalia co., Va., 300 
N. w. Rielmiond, 233 W. Situated at the junc- 
tion of Robert's Run and Drunkard's cr., 50 miles 
from its entrance into the Monongahela r. The 
village is on the line between Va. and Pa., and 
contains 2 stores, 1 tannery, several mechanic 
shops, and 12 or 14 dwellings. The creek is 
navigable to this place, and boat buildmg is car- 
ried on. The country around is uneven, but very 
fertile. 

Black Swamps, p-o., Sandusky co., O., 113 
N. Columbus, 431 W. 

Blackville, p-o., Barnwell dist., S. C, 90 s. 
s. w. Columbia, 594 W. 

Black Walnut, p-o., Halifax co.,Va., 133 s. 
w. Richmond, 225 W. 

Black Warrior, r., Ala., is formed by 2 head 
branches. Locust Fork or Eastern Branch, and 
Blulberry r., wliich unite in the s. w. part of 
Jackson co. Below their junction the r. passes 



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Tuscaloosa, and after a course of 80 miles enters 
the Tombigbee. The whole course of the r. to 
its extreme source is about 160 ms. It is navi- 
gable for steamboats to Tuscaloosa, and for boats 
much further. 

Blackwatkr, r., Merrimac cc, N. H., enters 
the Contoocook in Hopkinton. 

Blackwater, r., Va., rises in Prince George 
county, and after a course of about 70 ms. enters 
the Nottawav r. nearly on the boundary between 
Va. and N. C. 

Blackwater,!., Pettis CO., Mo. Pop. 197. 

Blackwater, p-o., Kemper co., Miss., 224 w. 
N. w. Jackson, 858 W. 

Blackwater, p-o., Johnston county, Mo., 110 
JefTerson city, 1,046 W. 

Blackwells, p-o., Caswell co., N. C, 94 n. 
w. Raleigh, 270 W. 

Blackwell's Isl.\nd, in the East river, op- 
posite New York. It is the seat of the city peni- 
tentiary. There is a lunatic asylum on the n. 
end. 

Bladen, county, N. C, is in the s. part of the 
state, and contains 1,200 sq. miles. Drained by 
Cape Fear r. It has South r., a branch of Cape 
Fear r., on its n. e. boimdary. Capital, Elizabeth. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 9,789, sheep 5,855, 
swine 21,668 ; wheat 1,519 bushels produced, In- 
dian corn 180,705, oats 4,9.54, potatoes 55,141, 
rice 74,787 pounds, cotton 58,193, tar, pitch, &c. 
14,281 barrels; 11 stores, cap. $29,600; 18 dis- 
tilleries, 83 grist m., 21 saw m. 1 acad. 11 stu- 
dents, 23 sch. 384 scholars. Pop. 1830, 7,801 ; 
1840, whites 4,317, slaves 3,413, free col'd 292 ; 
total, 8,022. 

Bladensburg, p-v.. Prince George co., Md., 
6 N. E., Washington, a little s. of the railroad to 
Baltimore, 34 w. Annapolis. It has 3 churches — 
1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Methodist — 
an academy, 8 stores, 60 dwellings, 1 flouring m., 
1 grist m. Pop. 400. There is a mineral spring 
in the village. The country around is fertile, 
producing tobacco, Indian corn, &c. 

Bladensburg, p-o., Knox coiuity, Ohio, 61 n. 
E. Columbus, 362 W. 

Blandford, t., Hampden co.,Ms., 114 w. Bos- 
ton. Incorporated in 1741. Branches of West- 
field r. produce water power. It has 2 stores, cap. 
$3,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 
1 paper fac, 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $26,200. 7 sch. 236 scholars. Pop. 1,427. 

Blaine, p-o., LawTcnce co., Ky., 139 e. Frank- 
fort, 455 W. 

Blaine's Cross Roads, p-o.. Granger county, 
Tenn., 202 e. Nashville, 480 W. 

Blair's Ferrv, p-o., Roane county, Tenn., 165 
E. Nashville, 582 W. 

Blairstown, p-o., Warren co., N. J., 74 n. by 
w. Trenton, 229 W. 

Blairsville, p-b., Indiana co., Pa., 171 w. by 
N. Harrisburg, 199 W. Incorporated in 1825. 
It is on Kiskiminitas r., at the junction of Black 
Lick cr., and on the line of the Pennsylvania and 
Ohio canal. It has some substantial brick and 
stone buildings, 5 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 
Methodist, 1 German Lutheran, and 1 Roman 
Catholic ; 14 stores, cap. §45,900 ; 1 furnace, 1 
fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 3 tanneries, 1 flouring 
m., 3 grist m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly news- 
paper. Cap. in manufac. $17,500 ; 1 school, 255 
scholars. Pop. 990. 

Blairsville, p-o., York dist., S. C, 88 n. Co- 
lumbia, 440 W. 

Blairsville, p-v., capital of Union co., Ga., 
118 N. n. w. Milledgeville, 617 W. 

Blairsville, p-v., Posey co., la., 183 s. w. 
Indianapolis, 741 W. 



Blakeley, p-t., Luzerne co.. Pa., 150 n. E. 
Harrisburg, 254 W. Watered by Lackawan- 
nock r. It has 2 stores, cap. $3,300 ; 2 flouring 
m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,300. 4 sch. 
160 scholars. Pop. 570. 

Blakely, p-o., Stokes co., N. C, 127 N. w. 
Raleigh, 307 W. 

Blakely, p-v., capital of Early co., Ga., 203 
s. w. Milledgeville, 850 W. It contains a court 
house, jail, an academy, and 8 dwellings. 

Blakely, p-v., port of entry, and cap. of Bald- 
win CO., Ala., situated on the E. side of the Ten- 
saw r., the E. outlet of Mobile r., opposite to Mo- 
bile. The harbor admits vessels drawing 11 feet 
of water. The town stands on a healthy and 
pleasant spot, and is well supplied with good 
water. It contains a court house, 10 stores, and 
many neat dwellings. 

Blanchard, p-t., Piscatiquis co.. Me., 73 n. 
by E. Augusta, 068 W. 

Blanchard's Fork, the e. branch of Auglaize 
r., Ohio. 

Blanchard's Bridge, p-v., Blanchard t., Han- 
cock county, O., 80 n. by w. Columbus, 451 W. 
Tha village contains 71 inhabitants. In the t. 
are 4 sch. 215 scholars. Pop. 629. 

Blanchard, t., Hardin co., O. Drained by 
Blanchard's Fork of Auglaize river, and has 1 
saw m. Pop. 241. 

Blanchard, t., Putnam co., O. Pop. 688. 
Blanchard, t., Hancock co., O. Pop. 74. 
Blanchester, p-o., Marion t., Clinton county, 
O., 80 N. by w. Augusta, 668 W. 

Bland's Mills, p-o., Ohio co., Ky., 149 s. w. 
Frankfort, 691 W. 

Blaney, p-o., Bradford co.. Pa, 155 n. Harris- 
burg, 266 W. 

Blanford, p-t., Hampden co., Ms., 110 w. by 
s. Boston, 370 W. Watered by branches of 
Westfield r., which aflbrd good water power. 
The surface is uneven and the soil fertile. It 
has 2 stores, cap. $3,000; 1 fulling m., 1 wool- 
len fac, 2 tanneries, 1 paper fac, 1 grist m., 4 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $36,200. 7 sch. 236 
scholars. Pop. 1,427. 

Blauveltville, p-v., Orangetown t., Rock- 
land CO., N. Y., 131 s. Albany, 259 W. 

Blawenburg, p-o., Somerset co., N. J., 15 n. 
by E. Trenton, 187 W. 

Bledsoe, county, Tenn., in the s. e. part of 
the state, contains about 500 sq. miles. Drained 
principally by Sequatchie r. Surface uneven — 
in some parts mountainous. Capital, Pike- 
ville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 7,798, 
sheep 3,802, swine 27,709 ; wheat 22,932 bushels 
produced, rye 2,357, Indian corn 341,014, oats 
64,739, potatoes 7,622, tobacco 7,241 pounds, cot- 
ton 8,028 ; 14 stores, cap. $33,000 ; 6 tanneries, 
14 distilleries, 15 grist m., 10 .saw m. Cap. in 
manufac ,$2,350. 1 acad. 30 students, 8 sch. 215 
scholars. Pop. 1830, 4,648 ; 1840, whites 5,010, 
slaves 538, free col'd 128; total, 5,676. 

Bleeker, p-t., Fulton co., N. Y. The surface 
is hilly and mountainous, and but little cidtivated. 
Drained by Caroga cr., and some tributaries of 
Sacondaga r. It has 1 tannery, 6 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $7,475. 4 sch. 72 scholars. Pop. 346. 
Blendon, p-t., Franklin co., O., 11 n. Colum- 
bus, 404 W. Incorporated ui 1815, by the name 
of Harrison ; changed in 1824. Drained by Alnm 
and Big Walnut creeks, whicli furnish mill seats. 
It constituted a part of the United States military 
lands. It has 1 acad. 50 students, 2 sch. 188 
scholars. Pop. 972. 

Blenden Institute, p-v., Franklin co., O. 
Blenham, Schoharie co., N. Y. 4 stores, cap. 
$3,500 ; 2 lulling m., 1 woollen fac, 3 tanneriesj^ 



BLO 



68 



BLO 



2 grist m., 18 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $35,900. 
1 acad. 25 students, 19 sch. 728 scholars. Pop. 
2,725. 

Blissfield, p-v., Blissfield t., Lenawee co., 
Mich., 71 s. w. Detroit, 489 W. Situated on the 
N. bank of the Raisin r., on the Erie and Kala- 
mazoo railroad, and has 4 stores and 60 dwell- 
ings. It has 4 sch. 141 scholars. Pop. 778. 
Blissville, p-o., Jefferson co.. 111. 
Block Island, constitutes the township of 
Newshoreham, Newport co., R. I. It lies in the 
Atlantic ocean, 14 s. s. w. Point Judith. It is 8 
miles long, and from 2 to 4 broad. The surface 
is uneven, and some parts of it elevated ; the 
soil is sandy and gravelly loam, and fertile. 
There are several ponds on the island. The 
people are chiefly employed in fishing, though 
the island was formerly celebrated lor its cattle 
and its dairies. It has no harbor. Incorporated 
in 1672. 

Blockle Y, t., Philadelphia co., Pa. The surface 
is gently inclined ; soil, sandy loam. Watered 
by Mill and Cobb creeks. It has elegant country 
scats on the Schuylkill r. It contains the county 
almshouse ; 2 foreign commission stores, cap. 
$3,500; 16 ret. stores, cap. $1.5,700; 3 fulling m., 
4 woollen fac.,3 cotton fac. 728 sp., 3 dyeing and 
printing estab., 1 ropewalk, 1 flouring m., 2 grist 
m.,3sawm. Cap. in manufac. $116,600. 1 acad. 
14 students, 6 schools, 370 scholars. Pop. 3,318. 
Bloody Run, p-v.. Providence t., Bedford co., 
Pa., 95 w. by ,s. Harrisburg, 121 W. Situated 
on the s. side of Roystovv"n branch of Juniata r., 
and contains 1 Methodist church, of stone, 2 
stores, and 25 or 30 dwellings. 

Bj.oom, p-t., Seneca co., O., 86 n. Columbus, 
420 W. Watered by Honey cr. It has 1 store, 
cap. $100 ; 2 grist m., 6 saw m., 8 sch. 127 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,1'68. 

Bloom, t., Columbia co.. Pa., 10 n. e. Dan- 
ville. Watered by Susquehanna r. and Fishing 
cr. Surface level, and soil sandy and calcareous 
loam. The v. is on Fisliing cr. It has 10 stores, 
cap. $50,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tan- 
neries, 1 di.stillery, 1 pottery, 1 flouring m., 2 grist 
m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. 
in manufac. $37,160. 1 acad. 20 students, 6 sch. 
260 scholars. Pop. 1,774. 

Bloom, t., Morgan co., O., on the Muskingum 
r. It has 2 stores, cap. $1,957 ; 3 saw m., 7 sch. 
250 scholars. Pop. 1,388. 

BLOOiM, t., Sciota county, O. It has 6 sch. 96 
scholars. Pop. 913. 

Bloom, t., Fairfield co., O. Pop. 2,301. 
Bloom, t.. Wood co., Oliio. It has 2 sch. 36 
scholars. Pop. 398. 

Bloomfield, p-t., Somerset co.. Me., 35 n. 
Augusta, 630 W. It lies on the Kennebec river. 
Incorporated in 1814, and is an excellent town- 
ship of land. It has 1 store, cap. $6,000 ; 1 tan- 
nery, 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufactures 
$14,800. 1 acad. 50 students, 8 sch. 442 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,093. 

Bloomfield, p-t., Essex county, Vt., 90 n. e. 
Montpelier, 587 W. It lies on the w. side of 
Connecticut r., and is watered by branches of 
Nulhegan r. It has 1 saw m., 2 sch. 62 scholars. 
Pop. 179. 

Bloomfield, p-t., Hartford co., Ct., 7 n. w. 
Hartford, 343 W. Incorporated 1835. Formed 
from Farmiugton, Windsor, and Simsbury, and 
formerly known as a parish of the former, by tlie 
name of Wintonbury. Drained by Wood river, 
wliich unites with Mill r., and enters the Con- 
necticut, in the ciiy of Hartlbrd. The soil is fer- 
tile and well cultivated. It contains 1 Congre- 
gationalist and 1 Baptist church ; 2 stores, cap. 



$9,000; 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 1 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,400. 5 sch. 123 
scholars. Pop. 986. 

Bloomfield, p-t., Essex co., N. J., 54 n. e. 
Trenton, 4 n. Newark, 224 W. The village has 
3 churches — 1 Presbyterian and 2 Methodist — 
12 stores, an academy, 2 woollen fac, 1 maho- 
gany saw m., 1 cotton fac, 1 calico printing viorks, 
2 saw m., 1 paper m., 1 grist m., and 300 dwell- 
ing.?. Pop. about 1,800. There are in the town, 
one fulling m., 1 dyeing and prmting estab., 1 tan- 
nery, 1 distillery, 3 paper lac Cap. in manu- 
fac $1 1 1,000. 2 acad. 60 students, 8 schools, 255 
scholars. Pop. 2,528. 

Bloomfield, p-v., Bloomfield t., Crawford co., 
Pa., 243 N. w. Harrisburg, 324 W. It has 1 grist 
m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $35,400. 4 sch. 
76 scholars. Pop. 564. 

Bloomfield, v., capital Jimiatat., Perry co.. Pa. 
It has 1 acad. 20 students, 1 school, 116 scholars. 
Pop. 412. (See New Bloomfield.) 

Bloomfield, p-v., Loudon county, Va., 135 n. 
Richmond, 54 W. 

Bloomfield, p-v.. Nelson county, Ky., 43 s. 
w. Frankfort, 5Li5 W. 

Bloomfield, p-t., Knox co., O., 46 n. n. e. 
Columbus, 391 W. Pop. 1,251. 

Bloomfield, t.. La Grange co., la. It has 3 
saw m., 2 sch. 37 scholars. Pop. 307. 

Bloomfield, p-v., capital of Greene co., la., 
74 s. w. Indianapolis, 641 W. Situated on the 
E. side of the w. branch of White river. It con- 
tains a court house, 2 churches, 1 Presbyterian and 
1 Methodist, a seminary, and 6 stores. Pop. 700. 

Bloomfield, p-v., Edgar co.. 111., 128 e. by s. 
Springfield, 662 W. 

Bloomfield, p-v., capital of Stoddard co.. Mo., 
233 s. E. Jefferson city, 957 W. It contains a 
court house and several dwellings. 

Bloomfield, t., Oakland co., Mich. Drained 
by the n. brancli of Rouge r. It has 3 stores, 
cap. $6,000 ; 1 fulling m., 2 distilleries, 3 flouring 
m., 3 grist m„ 1 saw m. Cap. in manufactures 
$58,180. 8 sch. 500 scholars. Pop. 1,508. 

Bloomfield, t., Trumbull co., O., 15 n. War- 
ren, 175 N. E. Columbus. Pop. 554. 

Bloomfield, t., Richland coimty, O., 15 s. E. 
Mansfield, 60 n. e. Columbus. Pop. 1,294. 

Bloomfield, t., Logan co., Ohio. Pop. 565. 

Bloomfield, t., Jackson co., O. Drained by 
branch of Racoon cr. It has 2 saw m., 1 sch. 
15 scholars. Pop. 721. 

Bloomingburg, p-v., Mamakating t., Sullivan 
county, N. Y., 23 w. Newburgh, 100 s. w. by s. 
Albany, 285 W. Incorporated in 1833. It has 
1 Dutch Reformed and 1 Associate Reibi-med 
church, 5 stores, 80 dwellings, and 500 inhabi- 
tants. It is surrounded by a fertile country, and 
is a pleasant village. 

Bloomingburg, p-v., Paint t., Fayette co., O., 
45 s. s. w. Columbus, 246 W. 

Bloomi.ngd.vle, p-o., Jefferson co., O., 124 E. 
N. E. Columbus, 279 W. 

Bloomingdale, p-o., Dupage co., 111., 211 n. 
N. E. Springfield, 740 W. 

Blooming Grove, p-t., Orange county, N. Y., 
94 s. Albany, 285 W. The post ofllce is in the 
village of Washingtonville. Tlie surface of the 
t. is undulating, hilly or mountainous. Scunne- 
munk mt., a part of the Highlands, occupies the 
s. E. part. Drained by Murderer's cr. The soil 
is clay and sandy loam, and very productive. It 
has 10 sch. 484 scholars. Pop. 2,396. 

Blooming Grove, p-o., Montgomery county, 
Tenn. 

Blooming Grove, p-o., Franklin co., la., 79 
s, E. Indianapolis, 525 W. 



BLO 



Bloomington, p-v., capital of Monroe co., la., j 
49 s. w. Indianapolis, 616 W. The village con- 
tains the county buildings, 5 churches — 1 Asso- ! 
ciate Reformed, 1 Presbyterian, 1 New School 1 
Covenanters, 1 Methodist, and 1 Christian — the 
buildings of the Indiana University, a county 
female academy, 330 dwellings, and 1,550 inhabi- 
tants. The Indiana University was ibunded in 
1827. It has a president and 4 professors, or other 
instructors, 50 students, and over 1,700 vols, in its 
libraries. Commencement, last Wednesday h\ 
September. 

BLOoariNGTON, p-v., McLean co.. 111., 73 n. n. 
E. Springfield, 744 W. It is beautifully situated 
on the margin of a fine prairie, has 12 stores, a 
handsome academy, 2 churches — 1 Presbyterian 
and 1 Methodist. The surrounding country is 
delightful. 

Bloomi.vgton, p-v., capital of Muscatine co., 
Iowa, 910 W. 320 above St. Louis. It is plea- 
santly situated on the w. bank of the Mississippi. 
Established in 1836. It has a courthouse which 
cost $13,000, a jail, 10 stores, 2 churches — 1 Pres- 
byterian and 1 Methodist — and several mechanic 
shops. Pop. about 600. 

Bloomington, p-v., capital of Macon co.. Mo., 
106 N. JeflTerson city, 989 W. 6 e. Chariton river, 
and 2 w. of the e. fork of Chariton r. It has a 
court house and several dwellings. 

Bloomington, p-o.. Van Buren co., Ark., 110 
N. Little Rock, 1,100 W. 

Bloomington, t, Buchanan co.. Mo. It has 

1 school, 25 scliolars. Pop. 922. 
Blooming Valley, po., Crawford co.. Pa., 240 

N. w. Harrisburg, 313 W. 

Bloomingville, p-v., Oxford t., Erie co., O., 
121 N. by e. Columbus, 431 W. 

Bloomsburg, p-v., Columbia co., Pa., 87 n. 
by E. Harrisburg, 197 W. It is pleasantly situ- 
ated on the w. side of the E. or main brancli of 
Susquehanna r. Pop. 600. 

BLOoMsnuRGH, p-v., Halifax co., Va., 140 s. 
w. by w. Richmond, 227 W. 

BLOOMSBURy, p-v., W^arren co., N. J., 43 n. n. 
w. Trenton, 202 W. It is pleasantly situated 
on both sides of Musconetcong cr., and lies partly 
in Hunterdon co. It contains a cotton fac, 1 oil 
m., several grist m., and 50 dwellings. 

Bloomville, p-v., Delaware co., N. Y., 74 s. 
w. Albany, 344 W. It is on the w. branch of 
the Delaware r., and contains 1 Methodist church, 

2 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 25 dwellmgs, and 
150 inhabitants. 

Bloomsville, p-o., Seneca co., O., 86 n. Co- 
lumbus, 412 W. 

Blossburg, p-v., Tioga county. Pa., 133 n. n. 
w. Harrisburg, 243 W. In its vicinity is the 
celebrated Blossburg coal mine, (bituminous.) 
A railroad coimects this place with Coming, N. 
Y., whence there is a continuous lake and canal 
navigation to Albany. 

Blount, county, Ala., in the middle of the n. 
part of the state, contains 1,650 sq. miles. Wa- 
tered by the head waters of the Black Warrior 
r. The surface is uneven, and the soil indif- 
ferent. Capital, Blountsville. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 8,045, sheep 2,040, swine 18,316 ; 
wheat 15,014 bushels produced, Ind. corn 249,6S1, 
oats 20,213, potatoes 6,824, tobacco 5,633 pounds, 
cotton 169,949 ; 11 stores, cap. 13,330; 5 tanneries, 
8 distilleries, 8 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
factures $7,235. 8 sch. 154 scholars. Pop. 1830, 
4,233 ; 1840, whites 5,225, slaves 344, free col'd 
1 ; total, 5,570. 

Blount, county, Tenn., in the e. part of the 
stale, bordering on N. Carolina. It contains 900 
6q. niiles. The surface is broken, but the soil is 



69 BLU 

fertile. Capital, Marysville. There were in 
1S40, neat cattle 11,053, sheep 11,063, swine 
32,4o9 ; wheat 95,22.) bush, produced, Ind. com 
540,3.i7, oats 131,165, potatoes 12,829, tobacco 
10,059 pounds, cotton 27,23.), 9 stores, cap. 
$42,600 ; 2 forges, 1 cotton fac. 204 sp., 13 tan- 
neries, 13 distilleries, 14 flouring m., 14 grist m., 
18 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $65,775. 

1 college, 40 students, 1 acad. 25 students, 12 sch. 
262 scholars. Pop. 1830, 11,028, 1840, whites 
10,664, slaves 945, free col'd VSo; total, 11,745. 

Blount Springs, p-o., Blount co., Ala., 88 n. 
E. Tuscaloosa, 740 W. 

Blountsville, p-o., Jones co., Ga., 16 w 
Milledgeville, 661 W. 

Blountsville, p-v., capital of Blount co., 
Ala., 104 N. e. Tuscaloosa, 734 W. Situated on 
the w. side of the Locust Fork of Black Warrior 
r. It contains 1 Methodist church, 1 academy, 

2 stores, 25 dwellings, and about 400 inhabitants. 
Blountsville, p-v., capital of Sullivan co., 

Tenn., 28-; e. by n. Nashville, 394 W. It con- 
tains a court house and several dwellings. 

Blountsville, p-v., Henry co., la., 72 E.by 
N. Indianapolis, 535 W. 

Blue B.vll, p-o., Lancaster co.. Pa., 47 s. E. 
Harrisburg, 125 W. 

Blue Ball, p-o., Cecil co., Md., 81 N. e. An- 
napolis, 91 W. 

Blue Bell, p-o., Montgomery co.. Pa., 95 e. 
Harrisburg, 158 W. 

Blue Grass, p-o., Scott co., Iowa. 

Blue Hill, p-t., Hancock co.. Me., 75 e. 
Augusta, 12 e. by n. Casiine, 671 W. The v. is 
situated on a bay, from which, between Burnt- 
coat, Deer, and other islands and the main land, 
is a passage into the Penobscot bay. From a 
hill near the v. a beautiful view is presented 
of the surrounding country. It has 10 stores, 
cap. $13,050 ; 1 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 3 grist m., 
5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $29,956. 1 acad. 
72 students, 17 sch. 731 scholars. Pop. 1,H91. 

Blue House, p-o., Colleton dist., S. C, 111 s. 
by E. Columbia, 600 W. 

Blue Island, p-o.. Cook co.. 111., 290 n. n. e. 
Springfield, 735 W. 

Blue IjIck, p-o., Clarke co., la., 112 s. by e. 
Indianapolis, 613 W. 

Blue Mountain, t., Izard co.. Ark. Pop. 301. 

Blue Ridge, or South Mountains, the eastern 
range of the Alleghany mountains, branching off 
from the main range in N. Carolina, crossing the 
state of Virginia, and extending to the Highlands 
on the Hudson r., N. Y. The peaks of Otter, 
the most elevatecl summits, are in Bedford co., 
Va., and the altitude of the eastern peak, mea- 
sured from its base, is nearly 4,000 feet, 30 ras. 
w. by N. Lynchburg. 

Blue Ridge, p-o., Botetourt co., Va. 

Blue River, t., Hancock co., la. It has 1 
store, cap. $2,000 ; 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 sch. 
20 scholars. Pop. 731. 

Blue River, p-o., Iowa co.. Wis., 72 s. s. w. 
Madison, 904 W. 

Blue River, t., Harrison co., la. It has 1 
flouring m., 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Pop. 1,429. 

Blue Rock, p-t., Muskingum co., O., 65 k. 
Columbus, 346 W. It lies on both sides oi' Mus- 
kingum r. It has 10 or 12 salt fac. Pop. 1,083. 

Blue Spring, p-o., Stewart co., Tenn., 61 w. 
N. w. Nashville, 746 W. 

Blue Spring Grove, p-o.. Barren co., Ky., 
110 s. s. w. Frankfort, 633 W. 

Blue Stone, p-o., Tazewell co., Va., 279 w. 
by s. Richmond, 325 W. 

Blue Sulphur Springs, p-o.. Green Brier 
CO., Va., 227 n. by w. Riclunond, 264 W. These 



BOI 



70 



BOL 



springs are much resorted to as a watering place. 
Thry are 22 ms. w. of the White Sulphur 
Springs, which are still more frequented. The 
buildings are of brick, pleasantly ranged round a 
square, and are sufficient to entertain very com- 
modiously 400 persons. It occupies a valley, 
and is surrounded on 3 sides by mountains, pre- 
senting wild and picturesque scenery. There 
is no village, and only 3 families reside here. 
There is 1 store, and a Presbyterian church. 
These springs are useful in those complaints to 
which sulphurous waters are applicable. 

Blue Wing, p-o., Granville co., N. C, 69 n. 
Raleigh, 246 W. 

Bluff, p-o., Mercer cc. 111., 142 n. n. w. 
Springfield, 872 W. 

Bluff Dale, p-o., Greene co.. 111., 73 s. w. 
Springfield 843 W. 

Bluff Grove, p-o., Grundy co., Mo. 
Bluff Port, p-o., Sumter co., Ala., 76 s. w. 
Tuscaloosa, 891 W. 

Bluff Spring, p-o., Talbot co., Ga., 104 E. s. 
E. Milledgeville, 726 W. 

Bluffton, p-v., capital of Wells co., la., 107 
N. N. E. Indianapolis, 549 W. 

Blythe, t, Marion co., Ark. Pop. 275. 
Blythe, t., Caldwell co., Mo. Pop. 410. 
Blytiieville, p-o., Newton co.. Mo. 
BoALSBURG, p-v., Ferguson t.. Centre co.. Pa., 
84 N. w. Harrisburg, 176 W. Situated on the 
main branch of Spring cr. It has 1 Lutheran 
chm-ch, 1 grist ra., 1 store, and 25 dwellings. 

BoARDMAN, p-t., Trumbull co., O., 170 n. e. 

Columbus, 287 W. Drained by Mill, Indian, 

and Yellow creeks. The sm-face is undulating, 

and the soil is good, and there is no waste laud 

in the t. It has 6 sch. 320 scholars. Pop. 929. 

BoDKNHAM, p-v., Giles co., Tenn., 82 s. by w. 

Nashville, 742 W. 

Boeuff, t., Franklin co., Mo. Pop. 1,652. 

BoKUFF, r.. Ark. and La., after a course of 

about 180 ms. joins the Washita, in lat. 31° 47' n. 

Boeuff, Bayou, or cr. of La., rises in Rapide 

par., s. w. of Ale.vandria, and separates inlo 2 

channels, one of which connects with Red r., but 

divides, the w. branch forming the Bayou de 

Glaze, which enters the Atchafiilaya. The 

mam branch still further w. unites with the 

Crocodile r. to form the Courtableau r., which is 

a navigable stream to its entrance into the Atcha- 

falaya. Tiie land on its borders is very fertile. 

BoGGEss's Cro.ss Roads, p-o., Meigs co., 

Tenn., 158 Nashville, 550 W. 

BoGG&j t., Clearfield co.. Pa. Situated on the 
main ridge of the Alleghany. Soil, slate and 
gravelly limestone. Pop. 295. 

Bogle's, p-o., Iredell co., N. C, 165 w. Ra- 
leigh, 403 W. 

BoGUE CiiiTO, r., a w. branch of Pearl r., 
rises in Miss., but runs chiefly in La., and after 
a course of 90 ms., joins Pearl r. about 25 ms. 
above its mouth. 

BoGUK Chitto, p-o., Dallas co., Ala., 89 s. s. 
E. Tuscaloosa, 872 W. 

Bohemia, a large creek in Maryland, wliich 
enters Elk r. 4 or 5 miles above its entrance into 
Chesapeake Bay. 

Boiling Spring, p-o., Fentress co., Tenn., 
133 E. N. E. Nashville, 571 W. 

Bois Blanc, Lsland, Lake Huron, s. e. of 
Mackinaw, 10 ms. long and 3 broad in its widest 
part. The soil in the lower part is sandy, but 
the greater part is fertile. It has a light-house 
on its E. point. 

Bois d'Arc, t., Herastead co., Ark. It lias 1 
distillery, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 sch. 22 scholars. 
Pop. 326. 



BoKEs Creek, t., Logan co., O. It has 1 sch. 
21 scholars. Pop. 222. 

Coland's, p-o., Itawamba co., Miss. 
Bolen's Mills, p-o., Athens co., O., 83 s. E. 
Columbus, 353 W. 

BoLiGEE, p-o., Greene co., Ala., 52 s. s. w. Tus- 
caloosa, 870 W. 

BoLiNGTON, p-o., Loudon CO., Va., 163 n. Rich- 
mond, 44 W. 

Bolivar, county. Miss., lies in the w. part of 
the state, on the Mississippi r. It contains 1,700 
sq. miles. Dramed by Sunflower r. Capital, 
Bolivar. There were in 1840, neat cattle 2,414, 
sheep 173, swine 2,605 ; Ind. com 42,350 bush, 
produced, potatoes 5,015, cotton 274,155 pounds; 
1 sch. 14 scholars. Pop. whites 384, slaves 971, 
free col'd 1 ; total, 1,356. 

Bolivar, p-t., Alleghany co., N. Y., 15 e. An- 
gelica, 285 w. s. w. Albany, 312 W. Organized 
in 1825. The surface is elevated and midulating ; 
the soU, sandy loam. Drained by several small 
creeks. The v. has 1 store, and about 20 dwell- 
ings. There are in the t. 2 stores, cap. $6,500 ; 
1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 giist m., 3 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $6,850. 1 sch. 27 scholars. Pop. 408. 
Bolivar, p-o., Westmoreland co., Pa., 165 w. 
Harrisburg. 191 W. Situated on the s. side of 
Conemaugh r. It has 1 store, 1 forge, and 20 
dwellings. 

Bolivar, p-v., Lawrence t., Tuscarawas co., 
O., 8 N. New Philadelphia, 118 n. e. Columbus, 
321 W. It is situated on the Ohio canal, on the 
w. side of Tuscarawas r. Organized in 1826. 
Bolivar, p-v., Robeson co., N. C, 112 s. by 
w. Raleigh, 400 W. 

Bolivar, p-v., capital of Hardeman co., Tenn., 
162 s. w. Nashville, 847 W. Situated on the s. 
side of Big Hatchee r., li mile distant from it. 
It contains a court house, jail, 3 churches — 1 
Baptist, 1 Episcopal, 1 Methodist — 2 academies, 
and about 500 inhabitants. 

Bolivar, p-v., capital of Polk co., Mo., 132 s. 
w. Jefferson city, 1,068 W. It is situated 4 ms. 
Av. Pomme de Terre r. It contains a court house, 
jail, Methodist chiuch, and about 150 inhabitants. 
Bolivar, p-o., capital of Bolivar co.. Miss. 
Situated on the e. bank of the Missis.sippi r., with 
Lake Bolivar on the s. 

BoLivER,p-o., Poinsett co., Ark., 147 e. n. e. 
Little Rock, 902 W. 

Bolivia, t.. Gasconade co.. Mo. Pop. 779. 
Bolivia, t., Jefferson co.. Ark. It has 2 grist 
m., 3 saw m. Pop. 485. 

Bolster's Mills, p-o., Cumberland co., Me., 
63 s. w. Augusta, 578 W. 

Bolton, p-t., Cliittenden co., Vt., 19 n. n. w. 
Montpelier, 15 e. s. e. Burlington, 521 W. Tliis 
t. is very mountainous and broken. It lies on 
the western range of the Green mountains ; and 
excepting along Onion r., which passes through 
it, much of it is incapable of cultivation. The 
arable soil is i'ertile. it has 4 saw m., 3 sch. 70 
scholars. Pop. 470. 

Bolton, p-t., Worcester co., Mass., 33 w. 
Boston, 419 W. It lies between Concord and 
Nashua rivers. The surface is varied, and the 
soil fertile. It has 3 stores, cap. $12,500 ; 2 tan- 
neries, 3 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
9,700. 8 sch. 298 scholars. Pop. 1,186. 

Bolton, p-t., Tolland co., Ct. Incorporated 
in 1720. It lies on an elevated range of hills, 
and is drained by branches of Hop river. The 
soil is a gravelly loam, and is better suited for 
grazing than for tillage. It has 2 stores, cap. 
!it!4,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 distillery, 5 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $4,310. 5 sch. 220 scholars. Pop. 739. 
Bolton, p-t., Warren co., N. Y., 73 n. Albany, 



BOS 



71 



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446 W. The surface is hilly and mountainous, 
and the soil moderately fertile, but heavily tim- 
bered. It has Lake George on the E. and several 
large ponds in the interior, and is drained by 
Schroon r., a branch of the Hudson r. It has 2 
stores, cap. $3,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 
powder m., 1 grist m., 13 saw m., 8 sch. 279 schol- 
ars. Pop. 937. 

Bolton Depot, p-c. Hinds co., Miss. 

BoLTONViLLE, p-o.. Orange co., Vt., 35 s. e. 
Montpelier, 527 W. 

Bombay, p-t., Franklin co., N. Y., 15 n. e. 
Malone, 232 n. Albany, 552 W. Surface gen- 
erally level. Drained "by Little Salmon and St 
Kegis rivers. It contains the reservation and 
settlement of the St. Regis Indians, on the St. 
Lawrence r. Near the p-o. is a settlement of 
whites, which has 1 church, 4 stores, and 20 or 
30 dwellings. There are in the t., 6 stores, cap. 
$19,700; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tamieries, 
1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,415. 

9 sch. 344 scholars. Pop. 1,446. 
Bo.N'.vp.vRTE, p-o.. Van Burcn co., Iowa. 

Bo.\ Air SraiNGS, p-o., Wliite co., Teim., 88 
E. s. E. Nashville, 592 W. 

Bond, coimty, Illinois, contains 360 sq. ms. 
Organized in 1817. Drained by Shoal or., a 
branch of Kaskaskia r. Capital, Greenville. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 7,723, sheep 
5,397, swine 15,998 ; wheat 25,722 bush, produced, 
rye 1,510, Ind. corn 209,130, oats 23,450, pota- 
toes 7,486, tobacco 3,665 poimds ; 10 stores, cap. 
$9,106 ; 2 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 

10 grist ra., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $27,123. 
12 sch. 324 scholars. Pop. 5,060. 

Bo.NDviLLE, p-o., Columbia co., Pa., 70 n. 
Harrisburg, 186 W. 

BoN.vE Fe.mme, t., Howard co., Mo. 1 sch. 
25 scholars. Pop. 988. 

Bonne Hom.me, t., St. Genevieve co., Mo. Pop. 
436. 

Bonne Homme, t., St. Louis co.. Mo., 1 acad. 
40 students, 3 sch. 92 scholars. Pop. 2,516. 

BoNiXET C.\rre, p-o., capital of St. Jn. Bap- 
tist par.. La., 38 w. N. Orleans, 1,210 W. On a 
remarkable bend in the Mississippi, denomina- 
ted Bonnet Carre, (square bonnet.) 

Bono, p-o., Lawrence co., la., 89 s. by w. In- 
dianapolis, 620 W. 

BooKERsviLLE, D-o., WiLkes CO., Ga. 

Boone, county, Ky., in the extreme n. part of 
the state, has the Ohio r. on the n. and w., and 
contains about 300 sq. ms. The surface is une- 
ven, and the soil productive. Capital, Burlmg- 
ton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 8,843, 
sheep 15,619, swine 34,592 ; wheat 101,502 bu.sh. 
producedi, rye 7,977, Ind. corn 555,270, oats 59,423, 
potatoes 13,310, tobacco 1,43J,247 pounds ; 30 
stores, cap. $153,845 ; 4 distilleries, 2 tamieries, 
4 flouruig m., 19 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $112,120. 3 acad., 4 sch. 65 scholars. 
Pop. 1830,9,075; 1340, whites 7,321, slaves 2,183, 
free col'd 27 ; total, 10,034. 

Boone, county, la., in the central part of the 
state, contains 408 sq. ms. The sm-face is gener- 
ally level, containing woodland, interspersed 
with wet and dry prairies. The soil is excellent. 
Drained by branches of Sugar and Racoon 
creeks. Capital, Lebanon. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 10,3il, sheep 6,245, swine 20,1(J9; 
wheat 35,017 bush, produced, rye 1,256, Ind 
corn 247,752, oats 40,017, , potatoes 14,865, 360 
tons hemp & flax, tobacco' 4,097 pounds, sugar 
92,135 ; 12 stores, cap. $21,663 ; 5 tanneries, 2 
flouring m., 9 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in nranu- 
fec. $23,405. 13 sch. 293 scholars. Pop. 8,121 

Boone, county, 111., is situated in the n. part 



of the state, and contams 400 sq. ms. The sur- 
face is undulating, and con.sists of prairie and 
timber land. The soil is excellent. Drained by 
Kishwaukee r., and its branches. Capital, Bei- 
videre. There were in 1840, neat cattle 1,684, 
sheep 5S9, swine 5,091 ; wheat 19,873 bush, pro- 
duced, Ind. corn 30,792, oats 23,318, potatoes 
493,16, tobacco 1,143 pounds; 2 stores cap. $6,000; 

1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manul'ac. $13,150. 
9 sch. 253 scholars. Pop. 1, 705. 

Boone, county. Mo., in the central part of the 
state, contains 690 sq. ms. Drained by Rock 
and Cedar crs. Capital, Columbia. Situated 
about 130 w. by N. St. Louis. There were in 
1340, neat cattle 12,915, sheep 18,166, swine 
37,900; wheat 44,411 bush, produced, rye 8,394, 
Ind. corn 506,672, oats 74,945, potatoes 19,514, 
72 tons hemp &. flax, tobacco 1,714,663 pounds, 
sugar 54,442; 27 stores, cap. $325,820; 11 tan- 
neries, 20 distilleries, 46 grist m., 17 saw m., 1 
printing office, 1 newspaper. Cap. in manufac. 
192,211. 1 college, 15 students, 3 acad. 114 stu- 
dents, 32 sch. 1,033 scholars. Pop. 1830, 8,859 ; 
1340, whites 10,529, slaves 3,008, free col'd 21 ; 
total, 13,561. 

Boone, t., Warrick co., la., 4 sch. 120 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,722. 

BooNE t., HaiTison co., la. It has 3 tamieries, 

2 distilleries, 2 grist m., 4 saw m., 2 sch. 58 schol- 
ars. Pop 2,058. 

BooNE, t., Franklin co.. Mo. It has 2 sch. 45 
scholars. Pop. 669. 

BooNESBORouGH, p-v., Waslungton co., Md., 
91 s. s. w. Amiapolis, 51 W. It is situated on 
the w. base of S. mountain, and contains about 
25 buildings. 

BooNEsuoROUGH, D-v. MadisoH co., Ky., 53 s. 
s. w. Frankfort, 534 W. It is situated on Ken- 
tucky r. 

BooNESBORo', p-o., Boone co.. Mo. 

Boone"s Creek, p-o., Washington co., Tenn. 

Boone's Hill, p-o., Lincoln co., Tenn. 

Boone Lick, t., Howard co. Pop. 1,005. 

Boo.ne's Mills, p-o., Franklin co., Va., 175 s. 
w. by w. Richmond, 250 W. 

Booneville, p-t., Oneida co., N. Y., 28 N. 
Utica, 114 w. N. AV. Albany, 419 W. The sur- 
face is liilly, and the soil clay loam on lime. 
Drained by Black r. and the head waters of the 
Mohawk. The v. is situated on the Black river 
canal, 31 N. Utica. Mill cr., which enters into 
Black r., affords water power. It has 2 churches, 
5 stores, 1 grist ni., 1 saw m., 1 tamiery, 1 clo- 
thier's works, 80 dwellings, and about 600 inhabi- 
tants. Pop. of the t. 5,516. 

Booneville, p-v., capital Scott co., Ark., 120 
w. by N. Little Rock, 1,185 W. 

Booneville, p-v., capital of Warrick co., la^ 
173 s. s. w. Indianapolis, 707 W. Situated be- 
tv^een Pigeon and C^ypress crs. It has I sch. 40 
scholars. Pop. 240. 

Booneville, city p-v., and capital of Cooper 
CO., 3Io., 50 n. w. Jefl'erson city, 964 W. Situ- 
ated on the s. bank of Missouri r. Its foundation 
is limestone rock. It has a handsome court house 
and clerk's office, a Methodist cliurch, 15 stores, 
2 rope walks, and various mechanic shops It 
has considerable trade, and exports cattle and 
provisions. There are in the t. 2 acad. 108 stu- 
dents, 2 sch. 60 scholars. Pop. 2,581. 

BooNHiLL, p-o., Johnson co., N. C, 37 s. e. 
Raleigh, 295 W. 

BooNSBORo', p-o.. Ogle co., 111^ 182 n. Spring- 
field, 842 W, 

BoOTHBAY, p-t., Lincoln co.. Me., 40 s. by e. 
Augusta, 601 W. It lies between the Sheepscot 
and Damariscotta rivers, wiiich may here be re- 



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72 



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garded as arms of the sea, having the ocean on 
the s. It has an excellent harbor. There are 18 
stores, cap. $15,250 ; 457 persons employed in 
the fisheries, cap. $79,015 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 
2 grist m., 3saw m. Cap. in manufac. $19,055. 
9 sch. 1,111 scholars. Pop. 2,631. 

BooTHSviLLE, p-o., Harrison co., Va., 270 n. 
vv. Richmond, 218 W. 

BooTON, p-o., Genesee co., Mich., 67 n. n. w. 
Detroit, 589 W. 

Booton's Tan Yard, p-o., Madison co., Va., 
92 N. w. Richmond, 104 W. 

Bordeaux, p-o., Abbeville dist., S. C, 105 n. 
by w. Columbia, 553 W. 

Bordeau.\, p-o., Avoyelles par., La. 

BoiiDE.N'TOWN, p-b., Chesterfield t., Burlington 
en., N. J., 7 s. E. Trenton, 168 W. Situated on 
the E. bank of the Delaware r., built on a plain 
65 feet above the surface of the r., and has 3 
churches — 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, 1 Friends — 5 
stores, 200 dwellings, and about 1,800 inhabi- 
tants. The Camden and Amboy railroad passes 
through the place, by a viaduct beneath its prin- 
cipal streets. Incorporated in 1825. It is a very 
neat and healthy place. Joseph Bonaparte, 
(Count de Surveilliers,) chose it as the place of 
his residence while in the United States, and 
erected a splendid mansion, surrounded by ex- 
tensive and highly ornamented groimds. This 
place is a favorite resort of the people of Philadel- 
phia in the summer season. The outlet of the 
Delaware and Raritan canal is in front of the v. 

Borden Spring, p-o., Lowndes co., Miss., 158 
N. E. Jackson, 873 W. 

Bordley, p-v.. Union co., Ky., 224 s. of w. 
Frankfort, 765 W. 

Borgne, lake or bay, connects with the Gulf 
of Mexico by Pascagoula sound, and on the N. w. 
with Lake Pontchartrain by two passes. It is 
about 40 ms. long and 15 broad. 

Borodino, p-o., Spaffbrd t., Onondaga co., N. 
Y., 150 w. by N. Albany, 339 W. 

Borodino, p-o., Wayne co., Mich., 29 s. De- 
troit, 533 W. 

Boscawen, p-t., Merrimac co., N. H., 9 n. w. 
Concord, 490 W. It is situated on the w. side of 
Blerrimac r. Blackwater r. passes tlirough the t., 
and affords fine mill seats. The surface is gen- 
erally level, and the soil very fertile. Incorpo- 
rated 1760. It has 5 stores, cap. $12,300 ; 1 full- 
ing m., 3 tanneries, 3 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $13,350. 16 sch. 514 scholars. Pop. 
1,965. 

Bostwick's Mill.s, p-o., Richmond co., N. C, 
122 s. w. by w. Raleigh, 396 W. 

Boston, city, the capital of Massachusetts, 
in Suffolk county, is principally situated on a 
peninsula, 3 miles long and 1 broad, at the we.st- 
ern extremity of Massachusetts Bay. It lies in 
42° 21' 23" n. lat. and 71° 4' 9" w. Ion. from 
Greenviich, and 5° 58' e. Ion. from Wasliington. 
It is 115 s. s. w. from Portland, Me. ; 63 s. s. e. 
Concord, N. H. ; 158 e. by s. Albany ; 40 n. n. 
E. Providence, R. I. ; 97 e. n. e. Hartford, Ct. ; 
207 N. E. by e. New York ; 440 n. e. from W. 
The population in 1790 was 18,038; in 1800, 
24,937 ; in 1810, 33,250 ; in 1820, 43,293 ; in 1830, 
61,391; in 1840, 93,383. Employed in commerce 
2,040 ; in manufactures and trades, 5,333 ; in 
navigating the ocean, 10,813 ; do. canals and 
rivers, 19 ; learned professions and engineers, 586. 

Boston consists of three parts, Old Boston, on 
the peninsula; South Boston, formerly a part of 
Dorchester, but united to Boston in 1804 ; and 
East Boston, formerly Noddle's Island. The 
only original communication of the peninsula 
with the main land was denominated the " Neck," 



a little over a mile in lengih, which connected it 
with Roxbury. By the fortification of tliis neck, 
at the commencement of the revolutionary war, 
the Britisli were able to control the intercourse 
between Boston and the surrounding country. 
But by a number of bridges a communication is 
now opened in various directions. Charles River 
bridge, 1 ,5' 13 feet long, connects Boston to Charles- 
towii ; We.«t Boslou bridge, 2,758 feet, with a 
causeway 3,432 feet, leads to Cambridge ; South 
Boston bridge, 1,530 feet, leads from the " Neck" 
to S. Boston ; Canal Bridge, 2,796 feet, leads to 
E. Cambridge, from the middle of which an arm 
extends to States Prison Point, in Charlestown ; 
Boston Free Bridge, 1,828 lieet, connects Boston 
with S. Boston ; Warren Bridge, 1,3.>0 feet, leads 
to Charlestown. Besides these, the Western Av- 
enue, a mile and a half long, leads to Brooklyn, 
and constitutes a tide-dam, enclosing a pond of 
600 acres, which, by a partition, makes an ave- 
nue from the main dam to Roxbury, and forms a 
full and receiving basin ; so that the flowing of 
the tide creates a great water power, at all times 
available. 

The peninsula of Boston had originally an un- 
even surface ; and the necessity of the case, and 
the good taste of the inhabitants, have exten- 
sively prevented the attempt to level these ine- 
qualities of surface ; and from various points of 
view, the city presents a picturesque appearance. 
The streets, however, were originally laid out 
upon no systematic plan ; and accommodated to 
the convenience of the ground, they are often 
crooked and narrow ; though modern improve- 
ments have greatly remedied these inconve- 
niences. The Common, originally a town cow- 
pasture, has escaped a private appropriation, and 
is one of the finest public grounds in any city of 
the United States. The numerous eminences, 
rising from 50 to 1 10 feet above the level of the 
sea, furnish many admirable sites for buildings. 
Some of the public buildings are commanding, 
but are exceeded by some in other principal 
cities ; but many of the private residences arc 
imsurpassed in elegance and taste by those of 
any other city of the Union. 

South Boston extends about 2 miles along the 
.s. side of the harbor. It contains about 600 acres, 
regularly laid out into streets and squares, with 
a diversified surface. About in the centre of this 
tract are the "Dorchester Heights," 130 feet 
high, famous in the Revolutionary war, as the 
site of a fortification which compelled the British 
to abandon the harbor. 

East Boston is on an island, containing about 
660 acres of land, and a large body of flats. Its 
connection with Old Boston is by a steam ferry, 
which starts every five minutes from each side. 
It is connected to Chelsea on the main land by 
a bridge of 600 feet ; and the Eastern railroad 
commences here. This portion of the city has 
wholly grown up since 1833. The surface is 
agreeably diversified. A wharf 1,000 feet long 
is devoted to the use of the Liverpool steamships. 

These several parts of Boston, with the town 
of Chelsea, constitute the county of Suffolk. 

The harbor of Boston is one of the best in the 
United States, being spacious, safe, and easily 
and well defended. The whole i)assage to it is 
not more than four miles in width, with several 
islands obstructing it, so that the main entrance 
will scarcely admit two vessels to pass abreast ; 
while witliin, 500 vessels may ride at anchor, 
with a good depth of water. Tlie outer harbor 
has about 40 small islands, about 15 of which 
afford excellent pasture. 

The wharves of Boston are extensive and con- 



BOS 



73 



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venient, and some of them are very long. Long 
wharf, at the termination of State-street, is 1,650 
feet long ; and Central wharf is 1,240 feet. 

Among the public buildings, the State House 
is the principal. It was built in 1798, and has a 
fine location on Beacon Hill, 110 feet above the 
level of the sea, and fronting the spacious com- 
mon. It is 173 feet long and 61 wide, built of 
brick, but painted to imitate stone ; and has a 
fine dome 52 feet in diameter, and a cupola 230 
feet above the level of the harbor, from wnich the 
view is probably the finest in the United States, 
and scarcely surpassed in the world. From this 
grand elevation, the spectator looks dowii upon 
the city as upon a map ; before liim stretches the 
extensive harbor and bay on the e., sprinkled 
over with islands ; and in other directions, nu- 
merous beautiful villages, and a highly cultivated 
country, with many elegant country seats, are 
visible. Faneuil Hall Market is built of granite, 
536 feet long, 50 feet wide, and two stories high ; 
and is the most elegant market-house in the U. 
States. Faneuil Hall is in Dock Square, 100 feet 
long by 80 feet wide, 3 stories liigh, and is cele- 
brated as the spot where the revolutionary ora- 
tors roused the people to resist British oppression. 
The hall is 76 feet square, with deep galleries on 
three sides. The City Hall or Old State House, 
is another venerable building of revolutionary 
memory, and is used for public offices. The 
Massachusetts Hospital, in the western part of the 
city, is a beautiful granite building, 168 feet long 
and 54 feet wide, with an open ground of 4 acres 
around it, on the bank of Charles river. The 
Custom House, near the head of Central wharf, 
is a splendid granite Ijuilding of Grecian archi- 
tecture. The houses of Industry, Correction, 
and Reformation, are valuable establishments, 
situated in South Boston. Trinity church, and 
St. Paul's church, are considered fine specimens 
of architecture ; and Park-street church has a 
lofty and beautiful steeple. The Tremont House 
is one of the finest hotels in the United States. 

Among the public places, the Common is by 
far the most distinguished. It occupies the 
southern declivity of Beacon Hill, and contains 
nearly 50 acres of ground, surrounded by a wall, 
shaded by trees. The whole is enclosed by an 
iron fence about 1 mile m length, on the outside 
of wliich is a broad street. A Botanical Garden 
of 25 acres is on the western side of the Common. 

Boston, in pomt of commerce, is the second 
place in the Union. Her wealth and enterprise 
have long been actively employed in foreign 
commerce, to which her fine harbor has mate- 
rially contributed. Several large steamships 
form an important packet line between this city 
and Great Britain, .stopping at Halifax. Tliis 
line has generally performed its trips in the 
short space of 12^ days. Lines of packets exist 
to every port of importance throughout the U. 
States, making about fifty in the whole. And 
by means of the Middlesex canal, which extends 
to the Merrimac, it has a boatable communica- 
tion to Concord, N. H ; and recently a railroad 
commimication has been completed to Albany, 
which will enable it to share in the vast trade of 
the west. The capitalists of Boston are large 
proprietors in the manufacturing establisluuenis 
at Waltham and at Lowell. 

The tonage of Boston m 1840 was 220,243 tons. 
The imports are about S16,(KKt,000; and the ex- 
ports about $10,000,000. There were m 1840, 
142 commercial houses and 89 commission houses 
engaged in foreign trade, with a capital of 
$11,676,000; 572 retail stores, with a capital of 
$4,184,220; 31 lumber yards, with a capital of 
10 



$371,010; cap. in fisheries $25,000; machinery 
manufactured to the amount of $135,900; pre- 
cious metals $26,650 ; various metals $284,400 ; 
6 furnaces, cap. $130,000; 17 distilleries and 2 
breweries, with a cap. of $820,000 ; paints, drugs, 
&c., cap. $20,000 ; 3 glass fiac, cap. $37,000 ; 2 
sugar refineries, 3 rope walks, cap. $101,500; 1 
grist m., cap. $50,000; furniture to the amount of 
$329,000. There were built 217 brick and 
stone, and 148 wooden houses, to the value of 
$1,061,100; 24 printing offices, 28 bmderies, 7 
daily, 11 weekly, and 7 semi- weekly newspapers, 
and 7 periodicals, employed 437 persons, with a 
cap. of $236,450. Total amount of cap. in raan- 
ufac. $2,770,250. There were 15 acad., or gram, 
sch., with 2,629 students, 137 com. and primary 
sell, with 14,003 scholars. 

The are 25 banks, with an aggregate capital of 
$17,300,000, and 28 insurance companies, with a 
capital of $6,600,000. 

Boston has long been celebrated for the excel- 
lence of its schools. About a quarter part of the 
inhabitants are kept at school throughout the 
year, at an expense of $200,000. In addition to 
numerous private schools, the public free schools 
are a Latin grammar school ; a high school, in 
which the mathematics and higher branches of 
learnmg are taught; 10 grammar and writing 
schools ; 75 primary schools, and one African 
school. 

The Medical Branch of Harvard University 
has its seat in Boston, where its professors re- 
side. It was founded hi 1782, has 6 professors 
and 88 students, and a library of over 5,000 vol- 
umes. There is a highly respectable institution 
for the blind, which has a handsome edifice. The 
Boston Athenaeum has two large buildings, one 
containing a library of about 30,000 volumes, the 
other a picture gallery, and a hall for public lec- 
tures, and other rooms for scientific purposes. 
Tills city has about 100 literary, religious, and 
charitable societies. Among tlie literary socie- 
ties of a high order are the American Academy 
of Arts and Sciences, which has published four 
volumes of transactions ; the Massachusetts His- 
torical Society, which has published 22 volumes 
of collections ; and the Boston Natural History 
Society, which has a fme cabinet. Among the 
religious and charitable societies, are the Ameri- 
can Board of Coiimiissioners for Foreign Mis- 
sions, which has an agency, and holds its amii- 
versaries in the city of New York ; the Baptist 
Board of Foreign Missions ; the American Edu- 
cation Society ; the American Unitarian Asso- 
ciation ; the American Peace Society ; the Sea- 
men's Friend Society ; the Massachusetts Bible 
Society ; the Prison Discipline Society ; and 
various others. 

There are (1842) 39 newspapers published in 
Boston, 8 of which are daily. Besides these, 
there is a number of Magazines and Reviews, 
the most important of wliicli is the North Ameri- 
can Review, which has long had a liigh reputa- 
tion, not only in the United States, but in Europe. 

There are 75 churches, of which 15 are Unita- 
rians, 12 Congregationalists ; 8 EpiscopaUans ; 
1 1 Baptists ; 9 Methodists ; 4 Universalists ; 4 
Roman Catholics ; 3 Freewill Baptists ; 2 Afri- 
can, one of which is Baptist, and tJie other Meth- 
odist. There are also some New Jerusalem, 
German Protestants, and Friends, and a few 
others. 

There are two theatres in Boston, the Tremont 
and the National Theatre. 

This city contmued a town, and was governed 
by a body of select men, according to the com- 
mon custom of the towns of New England, until 



BOT 



74 



BOW 



1821. Before this, the people could not be 
brought to consent to adopt a city government. 
But the vote was at length carried, and the city 
has since been governed by a mayor, 8 alder- 
men, and a common council of 48 members. Be- 
sides these, each ward has 1 warden, 1 over.seer 
of the poor, 1 clerk, 5 inspectors, and 2 school 
committee men. 

Boston was foimded in August, 1630. Tlie 
first church was built in 1632. The American 
revolution had its commencement in Boston. 
The British army in 1773, to the munber of 
10,000, had possession of the place. From this 
place the troops went out to open the war at Lex- 
ington, and to engage m the hard-fought battle of 
Bimker Hill. They were compelled at length, 
by the American troops, entrenched on Dorclies- 
ter Heights, to withdraw from the town and har- 
bor, in March, 1776, whence they proceeded to 
New York. 

No portion of the United States engaged more 
actively in the cause of American freedom than 
the inhabitants of Boston, or contributed more 
largely towards its accomplishment. John Han- 
cock, who was first president of the American 
Congress, and first set his bold hand to the 
Declaration of Independence, was a citizen of 
Boston ; as were also several other of the leaders 
of the revolution. It has, ahso, the honor of be- 
ing the birth-place of Benjamin Franldin, who 
was born here Jan. 17th, 1706. 

Boston, p-t., Erie co., N. Y., 18 s. w. Buflfalo, 
299 w. Albany, 362 W. The surface is undula- 
ting, and the soil clay and gravelly loam. Drain- 
ed by Cauquaga er. The v. is situated on Cau- 
quaga cr., and has 1 Presbyterian and 1 Baptist 
church, 2 stores, 2 gi-ist m., 2 saw m., 1 carding 
machine and clothier's works. Pop. of the v. 
500, of the t. 1,745. 

Boston, p-o., Culpepper co., Va. 
Boston, p-t., Summit co., O., 139 n. e. Co- 
lumbus, 343 W. Situated on the Ohio canal, 
24 s. of Cleveland, by the course of the canal. 
The Cuyahoga r. passes through it, and affords 
mill seats. I'he soil is fertile, covered chiefly 
with a heavy growth of white oak. At the p-o. 
of the same name is a village, with 1 grist m., 1 
saw m., 1 store, and 15 or 20 houses. At the 
centre of the town is another v., called Boston 
Centre or Peninsula, where are 1 Episcopal 
church, 2 stores, 2 saw m., 1 flouring m., and 
about 25 dwellings. The Presbyterians and 
Methodists have here places of worship. The 
Ohio canal here crosses the Cuyahoga r. in an 
aqueduct. There are in the t. 5 sch. 165 schol- 
ars. Pop. 815. 

Boston, p-t., Ionia co., Mich., 146 n. w. De- 
troit, 621 W. Situated on Grand r. It has 1 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $1,500. Pop. 85. 

Boston, p-t., Nelson co., Ky., 66 s. w. Frank- 
fort, 608 W. 

Boston, p-o., Marengo co., Ala., 70 s. by. w. 
Tuscaloosa, 882 W. 

Boston Corner, p-o., Berkshire co., Mass., 
160 w. Boston, 338 W. 
Boston, t., Franklin co.. Ark. Pop. 224. 
Bost's Mills, p-o., Cabarras co., N. C, 153 
w. s. w. Raleigh, 392 VV. 

Botetourt, county, Va., s. of the middle of 
the state, w. of the Blue Ridge, contains 1,000 
sq. ms. The surface is elevated, and in some 
parts mountainous. Drained by tributaries of 
James r. Capital, Fincastle. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 9,231, sheep 13,254, swine 
20,458 ; wheat 197,282 bush, produced, rye 21,971, 
Ind. corn 298,707, buckwheat 2,921, oats 185,016, 
potatoes 18,544, tobacco 707,885 pounds ; 21 stores, 



cap. $151,900 ; 2 furnaces, 9 tanneries, 7 distille- 
ries, 10 flouring m., 26 grist m., 33 saw m., 3 oil 
m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. 
Cap. in manufac. $22,650. Pop. 1830, 16,3M; 
1840, whites 8,357, slaves 2,925, free col'd 377; 
total, 11,679. 

Botetourt Springs, p-v., Roanoke co., Va., 
186 w. by s. Richmond, 238 W. 

Bottle Hill, v., Chatham t., Morris co., N. 
J., 57 N. by E. Trenton, 223 W. It has 3 stores, 
1 Presbyterian church, an academy, and 40 
dwellings . 

BoucHE Saline, p-o.. Cole 00^ Mo., 48 w. 
Jefferson city, 984 W. 

BoucKviLLE, p-o., Madison t., Madison co., 
N. Y., 97 w. Albany, 363 W. 

Bourbon, county, Ky., toward the n. E.part of 
the state, contains 225 sq. ms. Drained by the S. 
Fork of Licking r. The soil is very fertile. Cap- 
ital, Paris. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
16,748, sheep 23,719, swine 43,148 ; wheat 90,099 
bushels produced, rye 121,817, Ind. com 1,256,436, 
oats 157,822, potatoes 15,485, tobacco 4,361 
pounds, sugar 37,159; 34 stores, cap. $338,550; 
1 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 1,320 
sp., 13 distilleries, 6 rope fac^ 1 flouring m., 8 
grist m., 7 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly 
newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $112,120. 6 acad. 
201 students, 26 sch. 709 scholars. Pop. 1830, 
18,436 ; 1840, whites 7,845, slaves 6,325, free 
col'd 308 ; total, 14,478. 

Bound Brook, p-v., Bridgewater t., Somerset 
CO., N. J., 33 N. by e. Trenton, 200 W. It has 1 
Presbyterian church, an academy, 4 stores, 1 
grist m., and about 50 dwellings. The Delaware 
and Raritan canal passes near the village. 

Bounty Land, p-o., Pickens district, S. C. 

BouRuoN, t., Calloway co., Mo. It has 3 sch. 
65 scholars. Pop. 1,100. 

Bourneville, p-v.. Twin t., Ross co., O., 63 
s. Columbus, 413 W. 

BouRNSBURGH, p-v., Randolph co.. Mo., 75 n. 
by w. Jefferson city, 964 W. 

BovEY, t., St. Genevieve co., Mo. 1 acad. 20 
students, 1 sch. 20 scholars. Pop. 462. 

BoviNA, p-t., Delaware co., N. Y., 10 e. Delbi, 
76 s. s. w. Albany, 350 W. The surface is hilly, 
and the soil well adapted to grazing. Drained 
by Little Delaware r. It has 4 stores, cap. 
$10,800; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 1 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,250. 13 sch. 478 
scholars. Pop. 1,403. 

BoviNA, p-o. Warren co., Miss., 34 w. Jackson, 
1,044 W. 

BoviNA Centre, p-o., Bovina t., Delaware co., 
N. Y., 76 s. s. w. Albany, 350 W. 

Bow, p-t., Merrimac co., N. H., 7 s. Concord, 
477 W. It lies w. of Merrimac r. The soil is 
uneven and hard, but fertile with good cultiva- 
tion. Drained by Turkey r., which here enters 
the Merrimac. Bow canal along Bow falls, in 
the Merrimac, is J of a mile long, with 4 locks, 
which overcome a fall of 25 feet, finished in 1812, 
and cost $25,000. There are in the t., 1 store, 
cap. $500 ; 1 giist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $7,600. 12 sch. 262 scholars. Pop. 1,001. 

BowDOiN, p-t, Lincoln co.. Me., 17 w. Wis- 
casset, 18 s. s. w. Augusta, 577 W. Incorporated 
1788. It has 3 stores, cap. $2,000 ; 1 fulling m., 
1 tannery, 3 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $4,165. 
18 sch. 849 scholars. Pop. 2,073. 

BowDOiNHAM, p-t., Lincoln co., Me., 21 s. by 
w. Augusta, 12 N. Bath, 579 W. It lies on the 
w. side of Kennebec r. It carries on the lumber 
trade and ship building to a considerable extent. 
Incorjjorated in 1762. It has several com. houses, 
cap. $61,476; 14 ret. stores, cap. $52,000; 1 grist 



BOY 



75 



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m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manui'ac. $57,975. 18 
sch. 976 scholars. Pop. 2,402. 

BowEN, t., Madison co.. Ark. Pop. 453. 

Bowers, p-o., Southampton co., Va., 78 s. by 
E. Richmond, 197 W. 

Bowers Store, p-o., Ashe co., N. C. 

BowERSviLLE, p-v., Franklin co., Ga., 124 n. 
Milledgeville, 595 W. 

Bowers, p-o., Fluvanna co., Va. 

Bowles, t., Franklin co., Mo. It has 5 sch. 90 
scholars. Pop. 1,449. 

Bowling Green, p-o.. Plain t., Wood co., O., 
115 N. N. w. Columbus, 469 W. 

Bowling Green, p-v., capital of Caroline co., 
Va., 40 n. Richmond, 80 W. It is built roimd a 
beautiful green, ornamented with trees and shrub- 
bery. It has a neat court house, and other county 
buildings, 1 Episcopal and 1 Reformed Baptist 
church, about 40 dwellings, and 250 inhabitants. 

Bowling Green, p-v., capital of Warren co.. 
Ivy., 144 s. w. Frankfort, 668 W. Situated on 
Big Barren r., a branch of Green r., at the head 
of slack-water navigation, accessible by steam- 
boats of 200 tons, throughout the year. It is 180 
ms. from the Ohio, by the course of the r. It has 
a large brick covirt house, a college, a female sem- 
inary, 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, 1 
Methodist — 12 or 14 stores, and many mechanic 
shops. It has considerable trade, and the princi- 
pal article of export is tobacco. Pop. 1,400. 

Bowling Green, t.. Licking co., O. It has 

1 sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 1,464. 
Bowling Green, p-v., capital of Clay co., la., 

60 s. by w. Indianapolis, 631 W. It is situated 
on Eel r., a branch of White r. It has a court 
house, several stores and dwellings. In the t. there 
are 7 stores, cap. $29,750 ; 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 

2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 9,755. 1 acad. 45 
students, 2 sch. 105 scholars. Pop. 235. 

Bowling Green, t., Pettis co.. Mo. Pop. 410. 

Bowling Green, p-o., Fayette co., 111., 80 s. 
s. e. Springfield, 742 W. 

Bowling Green, p-v., Oglethorpe co., Ga., 
63 N. n. e. Milledgeville, 596 W. 

Bowling Green, t., Marion co., O., on the s. 
side of Scioto r. It contains 2 sch. 60 scholars. 
Pop. 324. 

Bowling Green, p-o., Pike co., Mo., 76 n. e. 
Jefferson city, 880 W. 

Bowman's Creek, p-o., Luzerne co.. Pa., 139 
N. N. e. Harrisburg, 248 W. 

Bowm.4.n's Mills, p-o., Rockingham co., Va., 
144 N. w. Richmond, 127 W. 

Bowmansville, p-o., Lancaster co.. Pa. 

BowsHERSviLLE, p-0., Crawford co., O., 61 n. 
Columbus, 424 W. 

Bo.YBORouGii, p-t., Middlesex co., Ms., 28 n. w. 
by w. Boston, 476 W. Incorporated, 1783. Sit- 
uated between Concord and Nashua rivers. It 
has some manufactm'es of shoes, palm-leaf hats, 
and straw bonnets. Hops are extensively culti- 
vated. It contains 1 Congregational church. 

BoxFORD, p-t., Essex co., Ms., 29 n. by e. Bos- 
ton, 13 s. w. Newburyport, 469 W. The surface 
is uneven, and the soil indifferent, but well cul- 
tivated. It has 1 Congregationalist and 1 Unita- 
rian church. It has 3 stores, cap. ,$1,600 ; 1 cot- 
ton fac. 488 sp., 1 tannery, 4 grist m., 4 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $9,800. 6 sch. 205 scholars. 
Pop. 942. 

BoxLEY, p-o., Hamilton co., la., 40 n. by e. In- 
dianapolis, 578 W. 

BoxviLLE, p-v., Montgomery co., Ga., 129 s. s. 
E. Milledgeville, 740 W. 

Boyd's, p-o., Columbiana co., O., 150 n. K. Co- 
lumbus, 294 W. 

Boyd's, p-o., Henry co., la. 



Boyd's Creek, p-n., Sevier co., Tenn., 225 e. 
by s. Nashville, 50^ W. 

Boyd's Store, p-o., Polk co.. Mo., 145 s. w. 
Jefferson city, 1,081 W. 

Boyd's Tavern, p-o., Albemarle co., Va., 74 
w. N. w. Richmond, 123 W. 

BoYDSTowN, p-t., Penobscot co.. Me., 101 n. e. 
Augusta, 696 W. 

BoYDsviLLE, p-o., Weakly co., Tenn., 118 w. 
by N. Nashville, 804 W. 

BoYDTON, p-v., capital of Mecklenbm-g co^ 
Va., 109 s. s. w. Richmond, 222 W. It contains 
a court house and other co. buildings, 2 churches — 
1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist — 4 stores, vari- 
ous mechanic shops, and 80 or 90 dwellings. Ran- 
dolph Macon College, chiefly imder the direction 
of the Methodists, is situated 1 m. w. It was 
founded in 1832, has a president, and 5 professors 
or other instructors, and 98 students. The com- 
mencement is on the 3d Wednesday in June. 

BoYERSTOWN, p-o., Berks co.. Pa., 69 e. by n. 
Harrisburg, 162 W. 

Boykin's Depot, p-o., Southampton co., Va., 
84 s. by E. Richmond, 203 W. 

Boyle, county, Ky. Taken principally from 
Mercer co. m 1842. Situated in the central part 
of the stale, and contains 175 sq. ms. Drained 
by head branches of Salt r., and by branches of 
Dick's r. The soil is very fertile. Capital, Danville. 
BoYLSTON, p-t., Worcester co., Ms., 39 w. Bos- 
ton, 408 W. Watered by Nashua r. Incorpora- 
ted, 1786. It has some manufactures, and 5 sch. 
264 scholars. Pop. 797. 

BoYLSTON, t., Oswego CO., N. Y., 140 n. w. 
Albany. The surface is hilly and rough ; soil, 
fertile gravelly loam. Drained by Little Sandy 
and Trout crs. It has 1 saw m., 6 sch. 150 scho- 
lars. Pop. 481. 

Boyle's Store, p-o., Stokes co., N. C, 142 
w. N. w. Raleigh, 313 W. 

BozRAH, p-t.. New London co., Ct., 33 e. s. e. 
Hartford, 359 W. Watered by Yantic r., which 
affords water power. The soil is a fertile gravel- 
ly loam. In July, 1799, a terrible hail storm pass- 
ed over it, destroying the crops, and demolishing 
the glass in houses. Some of the stones measur- 
ed 6 inches in circumference. It has 2 flourish- 
ing manufacturuig villages. It contains 1 Con- 
gregational, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist church, 
and has 4 stores, cap. $2,000 ; 2 cotton fac. 5,484 
sp., 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $81,700. 6 schools, 288 scholars. Pop. 
1,067. 

BozRAHViLLE, p-v., Bozrah t., New London 
CO., Ct., 31 E. s. E. Hartford, 355 W. 

Braceville, p-t., Trumbull co., O., 164 n. e. 
Columbus, 310 W. It is a good grazing towTi, and 
has some fine dairies. 

Brackabeen, p-v., Fulton t., Schoharie co., N. 
Y., 45 w. Albany, 381 W. It has 1 Dutch Re- 
fonued church, 3 stores, 2 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 
tannery, and I'Z or 15 dwellmgs. 

Bracken, county, Ky., in the n. e. part of the 
state, on the Ohio r., contains 220 sq. ms. Drain- 
ed on the s. by the n. branch of Licking r. The 
surface is broken, but the soil productive. Cap- 
ital, Augusta. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
4,953, sheep 7,963, swine 13,865; wheat 183,569 
bush, produced, rye 8,531, Ind. com 282,018, bar- 
ley 1,335, oats 76,425, potatoes 6,121, tobacco 
343,485 pounds, sugar 4,466 ; 13 stores, capital 
$86,200; 1 lumber yard, cap. $1,200; 1 woollen 
fac., 4 taiuieries, 3 distilleries, 4 flouring mills, 7 
grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $32,390. 1 
college, 104 students, 1 acad. 103 students, 9 sch. 
233 scholars. Pop. 1830, 6,518; 1840, wliilea 
16,083, slaves 819, free coi'd 151 ; total, 7,053. 



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Bradford, t., Steuben co., N. Y., 204 w. s. \v. 
Albany. Surface uneven, soil good. It has 3 
stores, cap. $11,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 3 grist 
m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,875. 9 sch. 
396 scholars. Pop. 1,547. 

Bradford, p-t., Penobscot co., Me., 94 n. e. 
Augusta, 689 W. It has 1 store, cap. $1,000 ; 1 
tannery, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$3,100. 7 sch. 396 scholars. Pop. 1,000. 

Bradford, p-t., Merrimac co., N. H., 25 w. 
Concord, 472 W. Situated about midway be- 
tween Merrimac and Connecticut rs. It contains 
several large ponds. Incorporated in 1787. It 
has 6 stores, cap. $17,500 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 
2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,550. 1 acad. 52 
students, 9 sch. 386 scholars. Pop. 1,331. 

Bradford, p-t.. Orange co., Vt., 32 s. e. Mont- 
pelier, 512 W. It lies on Connecticut r. There 
is a small manufacturing v. on Waits r. half u mile 
from its mouth, where there are a number of 
neat houses and various mills. The first globes 
ever manufactured in the United States, were 
made here. It has 5 stores, cap. $21,000 ; 2 full- 
ing m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 paper fac, 2 
grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $47,200. 1 
acad. 158 students, 10 sch. 447 scholars. Pop. 
1,655. 

Bradford, p-t., Essex co., Ms., 35 n. Boston, 
466 W. It lies on Merrimac r. The surface is 
uneven, but the soil is good. Johnson's creek 
affords water power. A bridge across the Mer- 
rimac, 650 feet long, cormects this place with 
Haverliill. It has various manufactures, chiefly 
of boots and shoes. It has 3 churches — 2 Congre- 
gational and 1 free; 12 stores, cap. $13,500; 4 
tanneries, 2 gi-ist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$76,000 ; $65,700 of wliich is in leather manufac- 
tured. 4 academies, 216 students, 10 sch. 1,105 
scholars. Pop. 2,222. 

Bradford, p-o., Washington t., Scioto co., O., 
92 s. Columbus, 426 W. 

Bradford, county. Pa., in the n. e. part of the 
state, contains 1,200 square ms. The n. branch 
of Susquehanna river passes through it, and re- 
ceives in the n. part the Cliemung r. It has 
also Towanda and Sugar creeks, llie surface 
is, to a considerable extent, mountainous, though 
there is much good land, particularly in the vi- 
cinity of the Susquehanna. Bituminous coal is 
found on Towanda cr. Tlie capital is Towanda. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 31,099, sheep 
68,767, swine 23,283; wheat 154,266 bush, pro- 
duced, rye 45,738, Ind. corn 140,632, buckwheat 
77,863, oats 220,993, potatoes 303,412 ; 91 stores, 
cap. $328,874 ; 2 furnaces, 15 fulling m., 7 wool- 
len fac, 18 tanneries, 4 distilleries, 43 grist mills, 
213 saw m., 1 oil m., 4 printing offices, 4 weekly 
newspapers. Cap. m manufac. .$331,990. 3 acad. 
179 students, 190 sch. 7,948 scholars. Pop. 1830, 
19,669 ; 1840, 32,769. 

Bradford, t., McKean co.. Pa. It has 1 store, 
cap. $300 ; 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $7,800. 4 schools, 78 scholars. Pop. 
375. 

Bradford, t., Lincoln co.. Mo. It has 1 acad. 
72 students. Pop. 1,319. 

Bradford Springs, p-o., Sumter district, S. 
C, 48 E. Columbia, 488 W. 

Bradforuville, p-v., Marion county, Ky., 68 
Frankfort, 590 W. 

Bradley, county, Tenn., in the s. e. part of 
the state. Drained by Hiawassie r. and branch- 
es. Surface mountainous, fertile land on the 
margins of streams. Capital, Cleveland. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 6,426, sheep 3,417, swine 
19,136 ; wheat 16,854 bushels produced, rye 908, 
Indian corn 420,968, oats 48,480, potatoes 10,450, 



^re BRA 

tobacco 13,335 pounds, cotton 21,669, sugar2,481 ; 
15 stores, cap. $57,900; 5 tanneries, 6 distille- 
ries, 11 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$11, 225. 2 academies, 80 students, 11 schools, 
172 scholars. Pop. whites 6,971, slaves 401, free 
col'd 13; total, 7,335. 

Bradley, t., Penobscot co., Me. It has 20 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $157,000. 125 schol- 
ars in sch. Pop. 395. 

Bradleyvale, t., Caledonia co., Vt. It has 1 
sch. 18 scholars. Pop. 50. 

Bradlevville, p-o., Sumter dist., S. C, 77 e. 
Columbia, 513 W. 

Bradshaw, p-o., Giles county, Tenn., 84 s. w. 
Nashville, 744 W. 
Brady, t., Clearfield co.. Pa. Pop. 692. 
Brady, t., Williams co., O., on Tiffins r. It has 
2 stores, cap. $800 ; 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 sch. 25 
scholars. Pop. 351. 

Brady, p-t., Kalamazoo co., Mich., 146 w. De- 
troit, 608 W. Drained by Portage r. It has 4 
stores, cap. $29,000 ; 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$2,300. 4 sch. 159 scholars. Pop. 1,175. 

Bradyville, p-v.. Cannon county, Tenn., 56 
s. E. Nashville, 661 W. 

Braggs, p-o., Lowndes co., Ala., 120 Tusca- 
loosa, 877 W. 

Brainard's Bridge, p-v., Nassau t., Rensse- 
laer CO. N. Y., 16 N. E. Albany, 369 W. It con- 
tains 1 Methodist church, 1 store, 1 cotton fac, 
and 40 dwellings. Pop. 200. 

Braintree, p-t.. Orange co., Vt., 23 s. Mont- 
pelier, 494 W. Watered by branches of White 
r. It is a good grazing t. It has 2 stores, cap. 
$4,500 ; 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $10,400. 12 sch. 460 scholars. Pop. 
1,232. 

Braintree, p-t., Norfolk co., Ms., 14 s. Boston, 
442 W. The surface is diversified, and the soil 
a fertile gravelly loam. It has considerable man- 
ufactures, and some shipping employed in the 
coasting trade and the fisheries. Mantiquot riv- 
er aflfords water power. A fine granite is obtain- 
ed here. First settled in 1625, incorporated in 
1640. It has 1 Congregational and 1 Unitarian 
church. The elder President Adams was born 
here. It has 16 stores, cap. $24,300 ; 1 woollen 
fac, 1 cotton fac. 1,000 sp., 1 tannery, 1 paper 
factory, 6 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $124,145. 13 
schools, 564 scholars. Pop. 2,168. 

Braintrem, p-t., Luzerne co.. Pa., 163 n. n. 
w. Harrisburg, 273 W. The surface is hilly ; 
soil, gravel and alluvion. Exports lumber down 
the Susquehanna, which bounds it on the south. 
It has three stores, cap. $10,650 ; 1 fulling m., 3 
grist m., 6 saw m. Capital in manufac. $10,600. 
6 sch. 275 scholars. Pop. 1,355. 

Bralsville, v., Monroe CO., O. Pop. 194. 
Bkaman's CoRx^ers, p-o., Duanesburgh town, 
Schenectady county, N.V., 35 w. n. w. Albany, 
402 W. 

Branch, coimty, Mich., in the s. part of the 
state, contains 528 sq. ms. Drained by branches 
of St. Joseph's r. The surface is rolling, and the 
soil a rich sandy loam. Capital, Branch. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 5,211, sheep 744, swine 
13,224; wheat 67,317 bushels produced, Indian 
corn 89,085, buckwheat 1,189, barley 4,073, oats 
70,222, potatoes 74,2-13, sugar 46,005 pounds ; 11 
stores, capital $48,000 ; 1 furnace, 1 brewery, 3 
flouring m., 5 grist m., 15 sawm., 1 printing office, 
1 weekly newspaper. Capital in manufactures, 
$107,250. 47 schools, 789 scholars. Population, 
5,715. 

Branch, p-v., Coldvvater t., capital of Branch 
CO., Mich., 1 13 w. s. w. Detroit, 561 W. Situated 
on the w. branch of Cold water r. 



BRA 



77 



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Branch, t, Schuylkill co., Pa. It has 8 stores, 
cap. $42,300 ; 1 brewery, 2 grist m., 14 saw mills ; 
103,500 tons of anthracite coal produced ; 3 sch. 
145 scholars. Pop. 1,422. 

Branch Port, p-v., Jerusalem t., Yates co., 
N. Y., 201 w. Albany, 327 W. Situated on the 
w. branch of Crooked Lake. It has 1 Presbyte- 
rian and 1 Baptist church, 3 stores, 25 dwellings, 
and about 125 inhabitants. 

Branchville, p-v., Frankford t., Sussex co., 
N. J., 77 N. Trenton, 246 W. A branch of Pau- 
linskill affords mill seats. 

Branchville, p-o., Orangeburg dist., S. C, 
62 s. Columbia, 568 W. 

Branchville, p-o., St. Clair co., Ala., 103 n. 
E. Tuscaloosa, 736 W. 

Brandenburg, p-v., capital of Mead co., Ky., 
94 w. by s. Frankfort, 634 W. Situated on the 
south bank of the Ohio r. It contains a court 
house and several stores and dwellings. 

Brandon, p-t., Rutland co., Vt., 48 s. w.Mont- 
peher, 16 s. Middlebury, 472 W. Otter creek 
passes through it, and Slill river, a branch of it, 
furnishes good water power. Excepting on Otter 
creek, where the land is rich, much of the soil is 
rather light. Bog iron ore and marble are found. 
First settled, 1775. It has 6 stores, cap. $20,000 ; 1 
tannery, 4 furnaces, 1 printing office. Capital in 
manufac. $4,550. 1 acad. 80 students, 13 schools, 
783 scholars. Pop. 2,194. 

Brandon, p-v., capital of Rankin co.. Miss., 13 
E. Jackson, to which it is connected by railroad, 
1003 W. It contains a court house, several stores 
and dwellings. 

Brandon, t., Oakland co., Mich. Drained by 
head waters of Flint r. Pop. 442. 

Brandon, t., Franklin co., N. Y., 10 s. w. Ma- 
lone, 215 n. by w. Albany, is a rough town, cov- 
ered mostly with forest, with several lakes in its 
s. part. Drained by Saranac, St. Regis, and 
Racket rs. It has 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$1,050. 5 sch. 192 scholars. Pop. 531. 

Brandonville, p-v., Preston co., Va., 267 n. 
W. Richmond, 189 W. 

Brand's Iron Works, p-o., Washington co., 
R. I., 28 s. by w. Providence, 380 W. 

Brandt, t., Erie co., N. Y., is situated on Lake 
Ene, 20 s. s. w. Buflfalo, 300 w. Albany. The 
surface is hilly, and the soil, a moist clay and 
gravelly loam, fertile in grass and grain. It has 
1 store, 6 sch. 219 scholars. Pop. 1,088. 

Brandy, t., Williams co., O. It has 1 school, 
25 scholars. Pop. 351. 

Brandywine Creek, Pa. and Del., rises near 
the boundary between Lancaster co. and Chester 
CO., Pa., and flows through Delaware ; and after 
uniting with Christiana creek, it enters the Dela- 
ware river, forming the harbor of Wilmington. It 
furnishes many excellent mill seats, and is navi- 
gable to Brandywine v. and mills, where there is 
6 or 8 feet of water, at high tide. 

Brandywine, p-o.. Prince George's co., Md., 
40 s. w. Annapolis, 94 W. 

Brandywine, t., Hancock co., la. It has 1 
grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufactures $1,900. 
Pop. 693. 

Brandywine, p-c, Shelby co., la., 20 s. e. In- 
dianapolis, 570 W. 

Brandywine, t., Chester co.. Pa. Watered by 
Brandywine and Beaver creeks. It has 6 stores, 
cap. $7,200 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 
1 flouring mill, 2 grist m., 5 saw m., 1 paper fac. 
Cap. in manufac. $7,815. 6 schools, 300 scholars. 
Pop. 1,672. 

Brandywine, hundred. New Castle co., Del. 
It has 9 stores, cap. $5,600 ; 1 woollen fac, 3 cot- 
Ion fac. 7,212 sp., 5 flouring m., 4 grist m., 2 saw 



m. Cap. in manufac. 232,950. 7 sch. 415 scho- 
lars. Pop. 3,387. 

Brandywine Manor, p-o., Chester co., Pa. 
60 s. E. Harrisburg, 131 W. 

Brandywine Mills, p-v., Northfield t.. Sum- 
mit CO., O., 141 N E. Columbus, 341 W. Here i.<i 
a saw m., carding machine, woollen factory, and 
several houses. 

Branford, p-t.. New Haven co., Ct., 43 s. by 
w. Hartford, 7 e. New Haven, 307 W. It lies 
on Long Island Sound. Settled in 1644. Drain- 
ed by Branford r., which is navigable a short dis- 
tance for small vessels. The surface is uneven, 
and the soil fertile. A beautiful pond, called 
Saltonstall's Lake, lies on its w. border, between 
this town and East Haven. Thimble and Indian 
islands are within its limits, in Long Island Sound. 
It contains 3 churches — 1 Congregational, 1 Bap- 
tist, and 1 Episcopal. It has 7 stores, capital 
$11,800 ; 1 tannery, 1 paper fac, 1 grist m., 3 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $27,000. 1 acad. 60 stu- 
dents, 7 sch. 319 scholars. Pop. 1,322. 

Brantingham, p-o., Greig t., Lewis co.,N. Y., 
136 N. w. Albany, 435 W. 

Brashearville, p-o., Perry co., Ky., 166 s. 
E. by e. Frankfort, 515 W. 

Brasher Falls, p-v., Brasher t., St. Law- 
rence county, N. Y. Situated on Deer river, 
where are falls and rapids furnishing extensive 
water power, around which is a small manufac- 
turing settlement. There are in the t. 3 stores, 
cap. $9,700; 1 furnace, 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 6 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,9(}0. 13 sch. 426 
scholars. Pop. 2,118. 

Brass Bell, p-o., Pendleton co., Ky. 

Brattleborough, p-t., Windham co., Vt., 
121 s. Montpelier, 76 E.Albany 95 w. N.W.Boston, 
422 W. Situated on the w. bank of the Con- 
necticut r. Settled in 1724, and called Fort 
Dummer : the earliest settlement in the state. It 
has an e. and w. village. The e. village is a 
beautiful and flourishing place, and for busuiess 
and wealth is surpassed by few villages in the 
state. The Whetstone branch here furnishes 
extensive water power, just before its entrance 
into the Connecticut r. Among its manufactures, 
"The Brattleboro' Typographic Co.," established 
in 1836, with a capital of $150,000, deserves to be 
mentioned. They have a paper mill and an ex- 
tensive publishing establishment, and have is- 
sued many large and valuable works, which have 
been widely difl'used. It has 20 stores, capital 
.$99,500 ; 3 tanneries, 1 furnace, 1 paper fac, 3 
grist m., 7 saw m., 3 printing offices, 2 weekly 
newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $237,600. 2 acad. 
245 students, 16 sch. 838 scholars. Pop. 2,624. 

Bratton's, p-o.. Smith co., Tenn., 54 n e. 
Nashville, 663 W. 

Brattonsville, p-o., York dist, S. C, 96 
Columbia, 440 W. 

Bra.xton, county, Va., lies N. w. of the Alle- 
ghany mountains, in the n. w. part of the state. 
Watered by Elk and Little Kanawha rivers. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 2,890, sheep 
3,097, swine 5,614; wheat 8,960 bush, produced, 
Ind. corn 68,627, oats 20,929, potatoes 5,844, to- 
bacco 4,155 pounds, sugar 19,420, domestic salt 
4,(X)0 bushels ; 2 stores, cap. $10,500 ; 2 tanneries, 
5 distilleries, 20 grist m., 20 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $21,007. Pop. 1840, wliites 2,509, slaves, 
64, free col'd 2 ; total, 2,575. 

Braxton, C. H., p-v., capital of Braxton co., 
Va., 321 w. n. w. Richmond, 289 W. Situated 
on N. side of Elk r. It contains a court house 
and a few dwellings. 

Breckenridge, county, Ky., on the Ohior., in 
the N. part of the state, contains 700 square ma. 



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Bounded by Green r., s., by branches of which 
it is watered. Capital, Hardensburg. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 8,557, sheep 13,840, 
swine 23,951 ; wheat75,430 bush, prod., rye 3,028, 
Ind. corn 356,352, oats 119,932, potatoes 20,527, 
tobacco 1,807,104 pounds, sugar 4,115, 29 stores, 
cap. §196,000; 8 tanneries, 1 distillery, 2 flouring 
m., 15 grist m., 12 sawm., 1 oil m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $40,525. 1 acad. 52 students. Pop. 1830, 
7,345 ; 1840, whites 7,239, slaves 1,691, free col'd 
14 ; total, 8,944. 

Breakneck, p-c, Butler co., Pa., 219 w. by 
N. Harrisburg, 257 W. 

Bke.\thitt, county, Ky., in the E. part of the 
state. Contain.s 700 sq. miles. Drained by the 
N. fork of Kentucky r. and branches. Surface 
hilly and mountainous, soil on the margins of the 
streams, moderately fertile. Capital, Breathitt. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 3,517, sheep 2,294, 
swine 9,674; wheat 1,628 bushels produced; Ind. 
com 91.185, oat.s 7,749, potatoes 2,994, tobacco 
2,648 pounds, cotton 4,270, sugar 12,377 ; 21,017 
bushels bituminous coal produced ; 9 distilleries, 
9 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $900. 
Pop. whites 2,076, slaves 119 ; total, 2,195. 

Breathitt, C. H., p-o., capital of Breathitt 
CO., Ky., 121 K. s. E. Frankfort, 530 W. Situated 
on the N. E. side of Kentucky r. 

Bre.\n's Bridge, p-o., St. Martin's par., La., 
188 w. New Orleans, 1,271 W. 

Brecknock, t., Lancaster co., Pa. Drained 
by the branches of Marshy or., which afford mill 
seats. Surface hilly ; soil, red shale. It has 2 
stores, cap. )J5,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 
1 tannery, 2 flouring m., 4 grist m., 6 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac, $3,700, 5 sch. 145 scholars. 
Pop. 732. 

Brecknock, t., Berks co., Pa. The surface is 
hilly; soil, gravel. Drained by Big and Little 
Muddy creeks. It has 1 store, 1 tannery, 3 grist 
m., 3 saw m., 1 oil ra. Cap. in manufac. $1,350. 
Pop. 935. 

Breedings, p-o., Adair co., Ky., 132 s. by w. 
Frankfort, 626 W. 

Breesville, p-o., Jackson co.. 111., 177 s. by e. 
Springfield, 853 W. 

Breeningsville, p-o., Leliigh co., Pa., 77 e. 
N. E. Harrisburg, 170 W. 

Bremen, p-t., Lincoln co.. Me., 40 s. e. Au- 
gusta, 15 E. s. E. Wiscasset, recently taken from 
the E. part of Bristol t. It is extensively bordered 
by navigable waters. It has 4 stores, capital 
$7,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $4,350. 7 sch. 250 scholars. Pop. 837. 

Bremen, p-v., Rush creek t., Fairfield co., O., 
39 s. E. Columbus, 364 W. 

Bre.men, p-o., Muhlenburg co., Ky., 182 w. s. 
w. Frankfort, 724 W. 

Bremo, p-o., Callaway county, Ky., 263 s. w. 
Frankfort, 790 W. 

Brent's, p-o., Henry co., Ky., 36 n. w. Frank- 
fort, 578 W. 

Brextsville, C. H., p-o., capital of Prince 
William co., Va., 101 n. Ilichmond, 45 W. 

Brentwood, p-t, Rockingham co., N. H., 35 
s. E. Concord, 485 W. The soil is adapted chieliy 
to grazing. Exeter r. passes through it, and fur- 
nishes by its falls valuable mill seats. Incorporat- 
ed in 1742. Iron ore and vitriol combined with sul- 
phur have been found here. It has 2 stores, cap. 
$2,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 cotton fac. 500 sp., 1 tan- 
nery, 4 grist m., 4 saw m., 4 schools, 25 scholars. 
Pop. 898. 

Brest, p-v., Frenchtown t., Monroe county, 
Michigan, 33 s. by w. Detroit, 6 Monroe, 491 W. 
Situated at the mouth of Stony creek. It has 1 
saw m., 1 store, and a number of dwellings. 



Brewer, p-t., Penobscot county. Me., 70 E. 
N. E. Augusta, 665 W. It lies on the e. side of 
Penobscot r. I~^eparated from Orrington in 1812. 
Watered by a small stream which affords valu- 
able water power, on which are mills. It is ac- 
cessible for vessels by the Penobscot r. It has 4 
stores, cap. $4,500 ; 3 tanneries, 1 rope fac, 1 
grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $16,500. 
13 schools, 741 scholars. Pop. 1,736. 

Brewer, t.. Pike county. Ark. Pop. 284. 

Brewerton, p-v., Cicero t., Onondaga co., 
N. Y., 144 w. N. w. Alb.iny, 362 W. It has 1 
store, 40 dwellings, and 300 inhabitants. There 
is here a toll bridge over Oneida r. 

Brewerton, p-o., Laurens dist., S. C, 95 
N. w. Columbia, 523 W. 

Brewer Village, p-o.. Brewer t., Penobscot 
CO., Me., 72 E. N. E. Augusta, 667 W. 

Brewington, p-o., Sumter dist., S. C, 81 e. 
by s. Columbia, 517 W. 

Brewster, p-t., Barnstable co., Ms., 90 s. E. 
Boston, 16 E. by n. Barnstable, 499 W It lies 
on Cape Cod Bay, and was separated from the 
N. part of Harwich in 1830. A stream issuing 
from a large pond affords mill seats. It has con- 
siderable manufactures ; but the inhabitants are 
chiefly employed in the fisheries. It has 4 
churches — 1 Congregational, 1 Baptist, 1 Metho- 
dist, and 1 Unitarian; 7 stores, cap. $15,000; 3 
tanneries, 2 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $12,888. 
6 sch. 578 scholars. Pop. 1,522. 

Brewster's Ferry, p-o., Stephenson co., 
m., 216 n. Springfield, 818 W. 

Brickersville, p-o., Lancaster co., Pa., 30 
K. s. E. Harrisburg, 124 W. 

Brickland, p-o., Lunenburg co., Va., 95 s. s. 
w. Richmond, 211 \V. 

Brick Meeting House, p-o., Cecil co., Md., 
78 N. E. Annapolis, 88 W. 

Bricksville, p-t., Cuyahoga co., O., 140 n. e. 
Columbus, 353 W. The Cuyahoga r. and the 
Ohio canal pass through the n. e. corner of the 
t. The soil is fertile. It has 1 store, cap. $8,000; 
2 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 
5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,100. 7 sch. 405 
scholars. Pop. 1,124. 

Brickville, p-o., Lawrence co., Ala., 141 E. 
by N. Tuscaloosa, 781 W. 

Bridesburg, p-v., Philadelphia co.. Pa., 153 
E. by s. Harrisburg, 333 W. 

Bridge Creek, p-o., Geauga co., O., 256 N. 
E. Columbus, 336 W. 

Bridgehampton, p-v., Southampton t., Suf- 
folk CO., N. Y., 54 s, s. k. Albany, 283 W. It is 
an agricultural settlement in the eastern part of 
Long Island, and contains 1 church, 1 store, 2 
wind mills, and 15 or 2D dwellings. 

Bridgeport, city and p-t., Fairfield co., Ct., 
75 s. s. w. Hartford, 17 w. s. w. New Haven, 
62 N. E. N. York, 270 W. The t., which contains 
10 square miles, was separated from Stratford in 
1821. The city was incorporated in 1836. It 
stands on the w.side of an arm of Long Island 
sound, into the head of which Pequanock river, 
a considerable mill stream, enters. The harbor 
is 80 rods wide at high water, but not more than 
12 of it has water at low tide. The bar, at its 
mouth, has 13 feet at high tide. There is a light- 
house on Fairweather Island. A mile and a 
half above its entrance, the harbor is crossed by 
a toll bridge, 1,237 feet long. The ground on 
which the city is built is elevated about 12 feet 
above high water. N. w. of the city another 
more elevated plain commences, vvliich gradu- 
ally rises to the height of 50 feet above the lower 
town, which affords a fine prospect of the sound 
and surrounding country. The city is neatly 



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79 



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built, and contains 6 churches, — 2 Congregation- 
aUsts, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist, and 

1 Roman Catholic. It has 2 banks, and 20 ves- 
sels engaged in the coasting trade, and 5 in the 
fisheries. Its manufactures, particularly of car- 
riages and saddles, are extensive. The Hous- 
atonic railroad connects this place with West 
Stockbridge, where it meets the railroad from 
Boston to Albany. Daily steambpats connect it 
with New York. It contains 73 stores, capital 
$323,500; 6 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 cotton 
fac. 3,500 sp., 2 tanneries, 1 pottery, 1 ropewalk, 

2 grist m., 3 printing offices, 2 weekly papers. 
Cap. in manufactures $436,300. 8 acad. 263 
students, 13 sch. 564 scholars. Pop. 4,570. 

Bridgeport, p-o., Frederick co., Md. 

Bridgeport, p-v., Pease t., Belmont co. O., 
126 E. Columbus, 267 W. It is situated on the 
Ohio r. opposite to Wheeling, Va., and on the 
National road, along which it extends about half 
a mile. It has 1 wholesale, and 7 or 8 retail 
stores, and four warehouses, in which a great 
amount of flour and tobacco is stored. Its trade 
is considerable. 

Bridgeport, b., Fayette co.. Pa., situated on 
the E. bank of the Monongahela r., at the mouth 
of Dunlap's cr., over which is a bridge connect- 
ing it with Brownsville. It is on elevated bot- 
tom land, and has 6 stores, cap. $15,700 ; 1 pot- 
tery, 1 flouring m., 2 saw m., 1 paper fac. Cap. 
in manufac. $22,820. 1 sch. 80 scholars. Pop. 
788. 

Bridgeport, p-o., Saginaw co., Mich., 85 n. 
w. Detroit, 609 W. 

Bridgeport, p-o., Franklin co., Ky., 5 Frank- 
fort, 547 W. 

Bridgeport, p-v., Harrison co., Va., 257 n. 
w. Richmond, 215 W Situated on Simpson's 
creek, a branch of w. fork of Monongahela river. 
It has a church, free to all denominations, 1 grist 
m., 1 saw m., various mechanics, and 20 dwellings. 

Bridgeport, p-v., Marion co., la., 9 Indian- 
apolis, 580 W. 

Bridgeport, p-o., Warren co., Mo., 49 n. n. 
E. Jefferson city, 897 W. 

Bridgeport, p-v., Brown co., Wis., 143 N. E. 
Madison, 953 W. 

Bridgeport, p-v., Seneca Falls t., Seneca co., 
N. Y., 132 w. by n. Albany, 363 W. Situated 
on Cayuga lake, at the w. end of Cayuga bridge. 
It contains 1 store, and 20 or 30 dwellings. 

Bridgeport Mills, p-o., Franklin co., Pa., 
58 s. w. Harrisburg, 89 W. 

Bridgeton, p-t., Cumberland co., Me., 63 s. 
vv. Augusta, 577 W. Situated on Long Pond, 
from which there is a boatable communication 
to Portland, through the Oxford and Cumber- 
land canal. The soil is fertile, and the place is 
well situated for trade with the interior. It has 9 
stores, cap., $11,800; 3 fulling m., 4 tanneries, 
1 pottery, 5 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$16,350. 1 acad. 80 students, 18 schools, 769 
scholars. Pop. 1,987. 

Bridge's '1 .\n Yard, p-o., Jackson co., Ala., 
183 N. N. E., Tuscaloosa, 694 W. 

Bridgtown, p-v., port of entry, and capital of 
Cumberland co., N. J., fiS s. by w. Trenton, 
179 W. It is situated on both sides of Cohansey 
or., 20 miles from its entrance into the Delaware 
Bay, over which is a drawbridge, from whicli 
it derives its name. It has a court house of brick, 
in the middle of a stieet, on the w. side of the 
creek, a stone jail, and pubhc offices. On the 
E. side of the creek are a Presbyterian, a Bap- 
tist, and a Methodist church ; a bank, with a 
capital of $200,000, an academy, a public library, 
and various manufactories. Thirty sloops of from 



50 to 80 tons sail from the place. On the w. side 
of the cr. are very extensive iron works, which 
employ about 125 persons, whose wages is about 
$30,000 annually. Tonnage of the port in 1840, 
14,171 tons. 

Bridgetown, p-o., Caroline co., Md. 

Bridgetown, p-o., Northampton co., Va , 163 
E. by s. Richmond, 227 W. 

Bridgeville, p-v., Tliompson t., Sullivan co, 
N. v., 106 s. s. w. Albany, 2S9 W. It is situated 
on Neversink river, and contains 1 store, 1 exten- 
sive tannery, 20 dwellings, and 125 inhabitants. 

Bridgeville, p-v., Oxford t., Warren co., N. 
J., 60 N. by w. Trenton, 215 W. 

Bridgeville, p-v., Sussex co., Del., 38 w. by 
s. Dover, 115 W. Situated on the s. side of 
Nanticoke r. 

Bridgeville, p-v.. Perry t., Musldngum co., 
O., 62 e. Columbus, 331 W. It contains 2 grist 
m., 1 saw m., &c. 

Bridgeville, p-o.. Dale county, Ala., 216 s. 
e. Tuscaloosa, 896 W. 

Bridgewater, p-t., Grafton co., N. H., 37 n. 
N. w. Concord, 516 W. Pemigewasset r. runs 
on its E. border, and Newfound pond, a large body 
of water, lies on its v/. border. It is a good graz- 
ing t. First settled in 1766. It has 1 fulling m., 1 
tannery, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$2,.550. 7 sch. 260 scholars. Pop. 747. 

Bridgewater, p-t., Plymouth co., Ms., 25 s. 
by E. Boston, 18 n. w. Plymouth, 433 W. Wa- 
tered by branches of Taunton river. Tlie soil is 
moderatelygood, and it has considerable manu- 
factures. The V. contains 3 churches— 2 Con- 
gregational, 1 New Jeru.salem— an academy, and 
about 50 dwellings. There are in the t. 3 stores, 
cap. $11,000; 3 furnaces, 1 paper fac, 2 saw m. 
Cap. in manufoc. $139,000. 1 acad. 45 students, 
13 sch. 577 scholars. Pop. 2,131. 

Bridgewater, p-t., Windsor co., Vt., 78 s. 
Montpelier, 458 W. Watered by Queechy river 
and its branches, which aCTord (Considerable water 
power. The surface of the town is uneven, but 
it has considerable good land. An inexhaustible 
quarry of steatite or soapstone is found here, 
which has been extensively wrought. Iron ore 
is also foand. First settled, 1780. Organized in 
1785. The Congregationalists, Baptists, Metho- 
dists, and Universalists, have each a church. 
It has 3 stores, cap. $8,000 ; 3 fulling m., 3 wool- 
len fac, 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $29,870. 15 sch. 435 scholars. Pop. 
1,363. 

Bridgewater, p-o., Litchfield co., Ct., 56 w. 
Hartford, 315 W. 

Bridgewater, t., Williams county, O. Has 
1 store, cap. $250. Pop. 110. 

Bridgewater, p-t., Oneida co., N. Y., 81 w. 
by N. Albany, 15 s. Utica, 370 W. The surface 
is uneven, and the soil good for grazing. Drained 
by Uiiadilla river, which rises here. The vil- 
lage contains 50 dwellings and 350 inhabitants. 
There are in the t. 3 stores, cap. $11,000 ; 1 tan- 
nery, 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufactures 
$6,a50. 10 sch. 437 scholars. Pop. 1,418. 

Bridgewater, t., Somerset co., N.J. The sur- 
face is mountainous on the i\. e. ; elsewhere, level 
or undulating. It has 16 stores, cap. $41,000; 3 
fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 5 tanneries, 1 distillery, 
5 grist m., 2 saw m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly 
newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $69,050. Pop, 
3,983. 

Bridgewater, p-v., Bucks county, Pa., 113 
e. bjf N. Harrisburg, 153 W. 

Bridgewater, b., Beaver co., Pa. Situated 
on the w. side of Beaver river. It has 2 sck 120 
scholars. Pop. 634. 



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80 



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Bridgewater, t., Washtenaw county, Mich. 
Drained by the n. branch of Raisin river. It has 1 
flouring m., 2 saw m. 

Bridgewater, p-v., Rockingham county, Va., 
139 N. w. Richmond, 139 W. Pop. 256. 

Bridges, t., Taney county, Mo. 

Bridport, p-t., Addison county. Vt., 79 s. 
w. Montpelier, 12 w. by s. Middlebury, 475 W. 
It lies on Lake Champlain, opposite Crown Point. 
The surface is level, and the soil a fertile clay 
loam. It has a landing place on the lake. The 
water of the town is impregnated with Epsom 
salts, of which a pailful! of water has, in some 
instances, yielded a pound. First settled perma- 
nently, 1768. It has 6 stores, cap. $25,000 ; 1 
fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $5,000. 1 1 sch. 300 scholars. Pop. 
1,480. 

Brier Creek, p-t., Columbia county, Pa., 94 
N. Harrisburg, 205 W. Pop. 1,905. 

Brier Creek, p-o., Wilkes co., N. C, 17 w. 
N. w. Raleigh, 376 W. 

Brier, creek, Ga., a tributary of the Savan- 
nah, 100 miles long. 

Brighton, p-t., Somerset county. Me., 57 n. 
Augusta, 652 W. Organized in 1816. It lies on 
the road from Hallowell to Quebec. It has 1 
store, 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $2,125. 7sch. 380 scholars. Pop. 803. 

Brighton, p-t., Middlesex co., Ms., 5 w. Bos- 
ton, 433 W. The soil is good, but made much 
better by high cultivation. Watered by Charles 
river on its n. boundary. It contains many 
beautiful country seats, a bank, 1 Congregational 
and 1 Unitarian church. It is distinguished as 
the most extensive cattle market in the country. 
Neat cattle, sheep, and swine, have been sold 
here to the amount of $2,449,231 in a year. It 
has 12 stores, cap. $30,000 ; 1 acad. 48 students, 
4 sch. 200 scholars. Pop. 1,425. 

Brighton, t., Essex co., Vt. It has 2 saw m., 
3 sch. 45 scholars. Pop. 157. 

Brighton, p-t., Monroe co., N. Y., 217 w. by 
N. Albany, 3 e. Rochester, 366 W. Surface 
undulating ; soil sandy, gravelly, or clay loam. 
Watered by Genesee r., and small streams which 
enter Irondequot bay. The v. is on the Erie 
canal. It has 1 Presbyterian church, 1 store, 30 
dwellings, and 200 inhabitants. There are in 
the t., 2 powder m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$17,230. 15 sch. 618 scholars. Pop. 2,336. 

Brighton, p-v., Beaver co.. Pa., 231 w. by n. 
Harrisburg, 257 W. It is situated on the w. side 
of Big Beaver r., 4 miles from the Ohio, and is a 
beautiful and flourishing place. A bridge, 500 
feet long, connects it on the e. wth New Brigh- 
ton. The water power here is very great, and 
it has 1 large flouring m., a cotton fac. 1,200 sp., 
a paper fac, 1 tannery, and a commodious church ; 
2 stores, cap. $5,900 ; 1 sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 
321. There are in the t., 2 stores, cap. $1,300; 1 
pottery, 3 saw m., 7 sch. 220 scholars. Pop. 902. 

Brighton, p-t., Lorain co., O., 105 n. by E. 
Columbus, 374 W. It has 3 sch. 52 scholars. 
Pop. 299. 

Brighton, p-t., Livingston co., Mich., 42 n. 
w. Detroit, 551 W. Drained by branclies of 
Huron r. It has 4 stores, cap. $16,000; 1 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $1,000. 5 sch. 157 schol- 
ars. Pop. 786. 

Brighton, p-o., Lagrange co., la., 181 n. by 
E. Indianapolis, 571 W. 

Brighton, p-v., Macoupin co., HI., 12 n. Al- 
ton, 71 s. by w. Springfield, 814 W. It lias 2 
stores, a castor oil fac, and 12 or 15 families. 

Brighton, p-v., Wasliington co., Iowa, about 
37 s. s. w. Iowa city. 



Brighton Centre, p-v., Clark co., O., 33 
Columbus, 426 W. Situated on the National 
road. 

Brightsville, p-v., Marlborough dist., S. C, 
117 N. E. Columbia, 419 W. 

Brimfield, p-t., Hampden co., Mass., 68 w. 
by s. Boston, 19 e. by. n. Springfield, 378 W. 
Watered by Chicopee and Quinebaug rivers. 
Incorporated, 1731. It is a good fanning t. It 
has 3 stores, cap. $6,700 ; 1 cotton fac. 1,322 sp., 
1 tannery. Cap. in manufac. $43,800. 11 sch. 
300 scholars. Pop. 1,419. 

Brimfield, p-t.. Portage co., O., 150 n. e. 
Columbus, 10 s. w. Ravenna. It is a fertile and 
prosperous farming town. It has 8 sch. 212 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,153. 

Brimmersville, p-o., Steuben cc, N. Y., 
235 w. s. w. Albany, 290 W. 

Brindleton, p-o., Burke co., N. C, 211 w. 
Raleigh, 441 W. 

Brinton, p-o.. Champaign co., O. 

Bringiers, p-o. & C. H., St. James par., La., 
58 w. by N. New Orleans, 1,230 W. Situated 
on s. side of the Mississippi r. Contains the 
court house, and a few dwellings along the r. 

Brixkleyville, p-v., Halifax co., N. C, 90 
N. e. Raleigh, 236 W. 

Brinsonville, p-o., Burke co., Ga.., 78 E. by 
s. MiUedgeville, 627 W. 

Bristersburg, p-o., Fauquier co., Va. 

Bristol, p-t., Lincoln co.. Me., 39 s. s. e. Au- 
gusta, 607 W. It lies e. of the Damariscotta r., 
and s. on the Atlantic. Watered by Pemaquid 
r., which aflfbrds water power. It has good har- 
bors, and considerable shipping, engaged chiefly 
in the coasting trade and the fisheries. The 
first settlement in Maine was commenced here 
in 1625. Incorporated in 1765. It has 7 stores, 
cap. $1,900 ; 1 fulling m., 4 tanneries, 2 grist m., 

5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $17,300. 19 sch. 
1,014 scholars. Pop. 2,945. 

Bristol, p-t., Grafton co., N. H., 30 n. Con- 
cord, 511 W. It has part of Newfound lake or 
pond, 6 miles long, ana 2 or 3 broad, in its n. w. 
part. The outlet of this lake passes through the 
t., and enters Pemigewasset r., and afl!brds good 
water power. The surface of the t. is uneven, 
but the soil is good. First settled in 1770. In- 
corporated in 1819. It has 6 stores, cap. $12,800 ; 

6 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 4 grist m., 7 saw ra. 
Cap. in manufac. $47,400. 1 acad. 25 students, 
9 sch. 345 scholars. Pop. 1,153. 

Bristol, p-t., Addison co., Vt., 50 s. w. 
Montpelier, 490 W. The e. part of the t. lies on 
the Green Mountains, and is rough, but w. of 
this, the surface is level, and the soil is very 
productive. Watered by New Haven r. and 
its tributaries, Baldwin and Lewis creeks, which 
afford water power. It has 4 stores, cap. 
$2,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 4 saw 
m. Cap. in maimfac. $3,700. 8 sch. 400 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,233. 

Bristol, county, Mass., lies in the s. part of 
the state. It has the Atlantic ocean and Buz- 
zard's bay on the s. Watered by Taunton r., 
which affords good water power. It has an 
area of 600 sq. ms. The soil is but moderately 
good, but its extensive .sea coast affords great 
advantages for navigation. New Bedford, its 
largest town, in its tonnage, is the second in the 
state. It is as much distinguished for its manu- 
factures, as for its navigation. Capitals, New 
Bedford and Taunton. There were in 1840 
neat cattle 15,441, sheep 15,060, swine 13,052; 
wheat 3,705 bush, produced, rye 24,400, Ind. 
com 152,558, barley 17,601, oats 63,526, potatoes 
345,519 ; 2 for. commercial houses, cap. $.30,517 ; 



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430 ret. stores, cap. $923,993 ; cap. in lumber 
trade, $103,300 ; cap. in fisheries, $5,980,800 ; 
salt produced 35,200 bushels ; 1 1 fulling m., 7 
woollen fac, 55 cotton fac. 101,283 sp., 10 furna- 
ces, 19 tanneries, 6 potteries, 61 grist m., 73 saw 
m., 1 oil m., 8 printing offices, 2 daily, 6 weekly 
newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $4,162,154. 10 
acad. 612 students, 331 sch. 11,192 scholars. 
Pop. 1830, 49,474 ; 1840, 60,164. 

Bristol, coun'y, R. I., in the n. e. part of the 
state, between fliount Hope bay, on the E., and 
Narragansett bay, on Iho s. and w. It enjoys 
great facilities for navigation ; and the soil is fer- 
tile, being a deep and rich gravelly loam. The 
surface is diversified. Capital, Bristol. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 1,462, sheep 3,511, 
swine 1,691 ; wheat 127 bush, produced, rye 
1,819, Ind. corn 19,160, oats 11,429, potatoes 
27,991 ; 16 for. commercial stores, cap. $314,200 ; 
64 ret. stores, cap. $131,075 ; 1 cotton fac. 6,000 
sp., 3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 2 ropewalks, 6 
grist m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly papers. 
Cap. in manufac. $219,731. Cap. in fisheries, 
$637,500 ; 4 acad. 270 students, 19 sch. 742 
scholars. Pop. 1830, 5,466 ; 1840, 6,476. 

Bristol, pt., port of entry and capital of 
Bristol CO., R. I., 18 s. by e. Providence, 418 
W. It is on the e. side of Narragansett bay, and 
has a good harbor. It is extensively engaged 
both in the coasting trade and the fisheries. 
The V. contains a court house, 5 chmxhes, 1 
Baptist, 1 Christian, 1 Congregational, 1 Episco- 
pal, 1 Methodist, and 2 banks. 

The tonnage of this district in 1840 was, 15,890. 
In this t. lies Momit Hope, about 2 ms. n. e. of 
the court house, which is a fine elevation, about 
300 feet above tide water. Here the celebrated 
King Philip, chief of the Pequods, and the terror 
of the early colonists, held his com't. The view 
from the summit of Mount Hope is in a high de- 
gree beautiful. It has 9 for. commission houses, 
cap. $130,200; 41 ret. stores, cap. $70,075; cap. 
in fisheries, $220,000 ; 1 cotton fac. 6,000 sp., 
3 grist m., 1 ropewalk, 1 printing office, 1 weekly 
newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $155,706. 9 sch. 
427 scholars. Pop. 3,490. 

Bristol, p-t., Hartford co., Ct., 17 s. w. Hart- 
ford, 338 W. It is watered by branches of Far- 
mington r. Organized in 1785. The surface is 
hilly, but the soil is tolerably fertile. But it is 
more distinguished as a manufacturing, than as 
an agricultural town. Clocks and buttons are 
extensively manufactured here. It has 5 
stores, cap. $20,500 ; 4 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 
2 tanneries, 1 di-stillery, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. 
Cap. in mamifac. $160,000. 1 acad. 25 students, 
12 sch. 483 scholars. Pop. 2,109. 

Bristol, t., Pliiladelphta co.. Pa. Watered by 
Tacony cr., which affords water power. It has 6 
stores, cap. $6,050 ; 2 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 
1 cotton fac. 1,400 sp., 1 dyeing and printing 
estjib., I grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$155,250. 5 sch. 276 scholars. Pop. 1,734. 

Bristol, p-t. Ontario co., N. Y., 212 w. Al- 
bany, 9 s. w. Canandaigua, 349 W. The sur- 
face is moderately uneven, and tlie soil, in some 
parts, very fertile. Watered by Mud cr. There 
is a village at the centre, where is an inflamma- 
ble spring. There are in the t., 3 stores, cap. 
$14,000 ; 1 fulling ra., 2 distilleries, 2 grist m., 3 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $16,030. 13 sch. 627 
scholars. Pop. 1,953. 

Bristol, t., Morgan co., O. Drained by 3Ieigs 
creek. It has 2 grist ra., 5 saw m., 11 sch. 409 
scholars. Pop. 1,645. 

Bristol, p o., Anne Arundel co., Md., 31 .\. 
N. w. Annapolis, 51 W. 

11 



Bristol, p-b., Bucks co , Pa., 115 e. by s. 
Harrisburg, 155 W. Situated on the w. bank of 
the Delaware r.. 20 ms. above Philadelphia. It is 
a beautiful village, and has a bank, several 
churches, and 250 dwellings. The houses are 
many of them built with neatness and taste. 
The Delaware branch of the Pennsylvania ca- 
nal terminates here, in a spacious basin, which 
communicates with Delaware r. A great amount 
of coal, from the coal region of Pa., passes 
through it. There were in 1840, 10 stores, cap. 
$65,000; 1 flouring m., 1 grist in., 1 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $7,500. 2 sch. 45 scholars. Pop. 1,43S. 

Bristol, t., Bucks co.. Pa., in which the 
above borough is situated. It has 3 stores, cap. 
$8,000 ; 4 grist m., 1 college, 30 students, 2 sch. 
391 scholars. Pop. 1,450. 

Bristol, p t., Lapeer co., Mich., 43 n. Detroit, 
56S W. Drained by Bell and Clinton rivers. 
It has 2 stores, cap. $2,000 ; 2 tanneries, 2 grist 
m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $11,000. 6 sch. 
170 scholars. Pop. 884. 

Bristol, p-v., Elkhart co., la., 162 n. Indian- 
apolis, 601 W. 

Bristol, p o., Kendall co.. 111. 

Bristol, p., Racine co.. Wis. ter., 99 s. E. 
Madison city, 780 W. 

Bristol Ce.\tre, p-o., Bristol t., Onondaga 
CO., N. Y., 203 w. Albany, 3tl W. 

Bristol Mills, p-o., Lincoln co., Me., 42 s. 
s. w. Augusta, 610 W. 

Bristolville, p-o., Bristol t., Trumbull co., 
O., 173 N. e. Columbus, 314 W. It is a fine 
township of land, has 7 sch. 280 scholars. Pop. 806. 

Britto.\'s Store, p-o., Bertie co., N. C., 141 
E. V. e. Raleigh, 234 W. 

Bro.\dalbin, p-t., Fulton co., N. Y., 42 n. w. 
Albany, 423 W. It is a good grazing t. Several 
creeks furnish mill seats. It has 9 stores, cap. 
$19,350 ; 3 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 furnace, 
6 tanneries, 4 paper fac, 3 grist m., 28 saw m., 
1 oil m., 1 printing office. Cap. in manufac. 
$81,611. 13 sch. 635 scholars. Pop. 2,738. 

Broad Brook, p-o., Hartford co., Ct., 15 Hart- 
ford, 351 W. 

Broad Creek, hund., Sussex co., Del. It 
has 10 stores, cap. $7,630 ; 1 furnace, 10 grist m., 
14 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,355. 2 sch. 
Ill scholars. Pop. 2,640. 

Broad Creek, p-o.. Queen Anne co., Md., 13 
E. Annapolis, 52 W. 

Broadford, p-o., Smyth co., Va., 231 w. s. w. 
Richmond, 349 W. 

Broad, river, Ga., one of the western branches 
of Savannah r., which it enters at Petersburg. 

Broad, river, S. C, an arm of the sea, between 
Port Royal Island and the main land. Beaufort 
is situated on this r. 

Broad, river, S. C, rises in N. Carolina, re- 
ceives Pacolet and Tiger rivers, from the w., and 
unites with the Saluda, above Columbus, to 
form the Congaree. 

Broad Kill, hund., Sussex co., Del., has 23 
stores, cap. $128,950; 3 tanneries, 5 grist m., 6 
saw m., 2 printing offices, 1 weekly newspaper. 
Cap. in manufac. $35,200. 3 acad. 102 students, 
4 com. sch. 116 scholars. Pop. 3,741. 

Broad Top, p-o., Huntingdon co , Pa., 92 w. 
Harrisburg, 118 W. 

Broad Top, t., Bedford co., Pa. It has 1 store, 
cap. $4,0tX) ; 1 tannery, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $3,900. 1 sch. 22 scholars. 
Pop. 987. 

Brockets' Bridge, p-o., Oppenheim t., Ful- 
ton CO., N. Y., 63 N. w. Albany, 398 W. 

Brockett's, p-o., Effingham co., 111., 97 s. e. 
Springfield, 726 W. ^ 



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Brockport, p-v., Sweden t., Monroe co., N. 
Y,, 235 w. N. w. Albany, 3S4 W. Situated on 
the Erie canal. Incorporated, 1829. It contains 

I Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Methodist 
church, an academy ; 1 1 stores, cap. $53,000 ; 1 
furnace, 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 2 grist m., 6 saw 
m., 1 carding machine, and I carriage fac. Cap. in 
manufac. $30,895. 6 sch. 485 scholars. Pop. 1,249, 

Brock's G.\p, p-o., Rockingham co., Va., 149 
N. w. Richmond, 123 W. 

Brockville, p-v., Steuben co., la., 188 n. n. 
E. Indianapolis, 547 W. 

Brockwaysville, p-o., Jefferson co., Va. 

Broken Arrow, p-o., St. Clair co., Ala., 109 
N. E. Tuscaloosa, 732 VV. 

Broken Straw, t., Warren co.. Pa. It has 
3 stores, cap. $12,000 ; 2 furnaces, 1 tannery, 5 
grist m., 17 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $33,700. 
10 sch. 220 scholars. Pop. 1,149. 

Broken Sword, p-o., Crawford co., O., 70 n. 
Columbus, 414 W. Situated on Broken Sword 
or., which runs s. w. into Sandusky r. 

Bronson, p-t., Huron co., O., 2 s. Norw-alk, 
102 N. by e. Columbus, 395 W. Watered by 
branches of Huron r. It is a good township of 
land, under a fine state of cultivation. It has 

II sch. 37S scholars. Pop. 1,291. 
Bronson's Prairie, p-o., Bronson t.. Branch 

CO., Mich., 121 w. s. w. Detroit, 570 W. In the t. 
are 3 stores, cap. $6,000 ; 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. 11,200. 5 sch. 90 scholars. Pop. 622. 

Bron.x, p-o., Westchester co., N. V., 137 s. 
Albany, 246 W. Situated near Bronx r., which 
rises in Westchester co., and after a course of 25 
ms. enters East r. opposite to Flushing bay. 

Brook, p-o., Jasper co., la., 116 n. w. Indian- 
apolis, 675 W. 

Brooke, county, Va., in the extreme n. w. 
part of the state, contains 150 sq. ms. The sur- 
face is very uneven, and the soil fertile. Wa- 
tered by several small creeks, that enter the 
Ohio r., which bounds the co. on the w. Some 
iron ore and bituminous coal ore found here. 
Capital, Wellsburg. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 5,430, sheep 33,943, swine 11,322 ; wheat 
139,933 bush, produced, rye 4,629, Ind. com 
135,246, buckwheat 9,351, oats 143,567, potatoes 
63,140 ; bituminous coal 194,574, sugar 5,614 
pounds ; 15 stores, cap. $83,300 ; 2 fulling m., 2 
woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 1,300 sp., 4 tanneries, 1 
distillery, 1 glass fac. and glass cutting, 3 potteries, 
26 flouring m., 1 grist m., 29 saw m., 1 paper fac, 2 
printing offices, 1 weekly newspaper, 1 periodical. 
Cap. in manufac. $450,293. 4 acad. 140 students, 
22 sch. 600 scholars. Pop. 1830, 7,040; 1840 
whites 7,030, slaves 91,freecol'd77; total, 7,948. 

Brookfield, p-t., Carroll co., N. H., 46 n. e. 
Concord, 527 W. Incorporated ui 1794. Cook's 
pond, near the centre of the place, is the source 
of the w. brancli of Salmon Fall r. There is a 
still larger pond on its n. w. border, which enters 
Winnipiseogee lake. It has 2 stores, cap. $1,500 ; 
1 tannery, 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,550. 
4 sch. 172 scholars. Pop. 553. 

Brookfield, p-t., Worcester CO., Mass., 60 w. 
Boston, 338 W. Incorporated in 1673. Being 
oil its first settlement a frontier t., it suffered 
much from the attacks of the Indians. It is a 
flourishing agricultural town, well adapted to 
grazing. It has 7 stores, cap. $16,700 ; 1 fulling 
m., 1 tannery, 1 furnace, 3 grist m., 3 saw m., 1 
printing office. Cap. in manufac $24,150. 1 
acad. 35 students, 14 sch. 667 scholars. Pop. 2,472. 
Brookfield, p-t.. Orange co., Vt., 17 s. JVIont- 
pelier, 504 W. This is an elevated and fine 
township of land, well cultivated, and specially 
adapted to graziiig. Incorporatefi in 17B0. Wa- 



tered by several ponds, with their outlets, form- 
ing the branches of White r. It has fine springs. 
There is in the t. an inexhaustible bed of marl. 
It has Congregationalist, Baptist, Methodist, and 
Universalist churches; 2 stores, cap. 11,000; 1 
fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $7,300. 1 acad, 50 students, 18 sch. 
625 scholars. Pop. 1,789. 

Brookfield, t., Morgan co., O., in the n. part 
of the county. It has 2 stores, cap. $2,200 ; 1 
fulling m., 1 distillery, 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $4,625. 8 sch. 226 scholars. Pop. 1,426. 

Brookfield, v., Tuscarawas t.. Stark co., O,, 
10 w. Canton. It has 1 church, 1 store, 2 tan- 
neries, 1 large steam flouring m. It has 2 sch. 
58 scholars. Pop. 315. 

Brookfield, t., Milwaukee co., Mich. It has 

1 school, 16 scholars. Pop. 148. 
Brookfield, p-t., Fairfield co., Ct., 60 s. w. 

Hartford, 6 n. by E. Danbury, 299 W. The surface 
is uneven, and the soil well adapted tograin. Wa- 
tered by the Housatonic on its n. e. border. Still 
r., a branch of the Housatonic, passes through the 
town, from s. to n. It has a Congregational and 
an Episcopal church. The Housatonic railroad 
passes through the place. It has 4 stores, cap. 
.$13,200 ; 1 grist m., 2 saw- m. Cap. in manufac. 
$5,700. 8 schools, 317 scholars. Pop. 1,488. 

Brookfield, p-t., Madison co., N. Y., 88 w. 
by N. Albany, 363 W. The surface is imeven, and 
the soil a calcareous loam. Watered by the Una- 
dilla river and its tributaries. It has 7 stores, cap. 
$14,150 ; 2 fulling m., 4 tanneries, 6 grist m., 19 
saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $40,825. 29 
sch. 1,519 scholars. Pop. 3,695. 

Brookfield, p-t., Tioga co.. Pa., 174 n. by w. 
Harrisburg, 288 W. It has 1 saw ra., 3 sch. 107 
scholars. Pop. 431. 

Brookfield, p-t., Trumbull co., O., 183 n. e. 
Columbus, 295 W. It lies on the Pennsylvania 
line. It has a flourishing village 2h m. from the 
line, where are 2 churches, and about 20 or 30 
dwellings. Pop. of t. 1,302. 

Brookiiaven, t., Suffolk co., N. Y., crosses 
Long Island, and contains 215 sq. ms. It has 
several good harbors on Long Island Sound, and 
a light-house on Old Field Point. Drained by 
Connecticut brook and other small streams, which 
furnish mill seats. The interior is covered with 
pine plains and shrub oaks, still inhabited by 
some deer. South Bay, nearly 100 miles long, 
and from 2 to 5 wide, on the s. side of the island, 
which borders this town on the s., furnishes fish, 
clams, and oysters, and admits small vessels. 
The soil on Long Island Sound is a sandy loam, 
and inclines to a light sand toward the s. Ron- 
concoma pond, 2 miles in circumference, on its 
w. border, is about the middle of the island. 
There are 12 villages and post-offices in the town. 
It has 33 stores, cap. $101,600 ; 1 fulling m., 2 
woollen fac, 2 cotton fac. 1,032 sp., 6 tanneries. 

2 paper fac, 11 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $112,485. 2 acad. 85 students, 36 schools, 
1,930 scholars. Pop. 7,050. 

Brookhaven, p-v., Lawrence co., Miss. 

Brookline, p-t., Windham county, Vt., 110 s. 
Montpelier, 439 W. Taken from Athens and 
Pultney, and uicorporated in 1794. A deep val- 
ley runs through the town from n. to s., tlirough 
which Grassy Brook, a branch of West river, 
flows. On the e. line of the town, the land is 
elevated. Ithas 1 grist mill, 1 sawmill, 4 sch. 
114 scholars. Pop. 328. 

Brookline, p-t., Hillsboro' co., N. H., 50s. by 
w. Concord, 445 W. It lies on the s. line of the 
state. Nissitisset, a branch of Nashua river, pass- 
es through the town, and also through Potanipo 



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Pond. Incorporated in 1769. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $3,000 ; 1 tannery. Cap. in manufac. $700 
5 sch. 145 scholars. Pop. 652, 

Brookline, p-t., Norfolk co., Ms., 4 w. by s. 
Boston, 440 W. It has a diversified surface, fur- 
nishing many elegant coimtry seats for citizens 
of BoNton. Like all the towns in the vicinity, it 
is in a high state of cultivation. It has 1 Congre 
gatoinal,"l Baptest church. 14 com. houses, cap. 
!ji70,000; 19 retail stores, cap. $50,000; 2 tanne- 
ries, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufactures, 
$20,000. 5 academies, 62 students, 5 schools, 171 
scholars. Pop. 1,365. 

Brookline, p-v., Madison co., Ga., 85 n. Mil- 
ledgeville, 608 W. 

Brooklyn, p-t., capital of Windham co., Ct., 
44 E. by N. Hartford, 371 W. Finely watered 
by Quinebaug r. and BlackwelFs stream. The 
surface is uneven and stony, but the soil is strong, 
particularly adapteil to grazing, and well culti- 
vated. The v., at the centre, contains 3 churches 
— 1 Congregational, 1 Baptist, and 1 Unitarian — 
a court house, jail, a bank, and a printing 
otlite, and 50 dwellings. The county seat was 
removed from Windham to this place in 1820. 
It has 7 stores, cap. $29,300 ; 1 cotton fac. 1,500 
sp., 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Capital in 
manufac. $37,900. 1 acad. 25 students, 10 sch. 
356 scholars. Pop. 1,488. 

Brooklyn, city, p-t, and capital of Kings co., 
N. Y., 146 s. Albany, 226 W. Situated on the 
w. end of Long Island, opposite the lower part 
of the city of New York. Population, 1810, 4,402 ; 
1820,7,175; 1830, 15,396; 1840, 36,233. Em- 
ployed in commerce, 1,673 ; in manufactures and 
trades 4,666 ; navigating the ocean, 978 ; do. 
canals and rivers, 302 ; learned professions and 
engineers, 307. It is the second place in popu- 
lation in the state, and the seventh in the LInited 
States. It is separated from New York by an 
arm of the ocean, three foiu'ths of a mile wide, 
generally denominated the East River, wliich 
connects the Bay of New York with Long Island 
Sound. The ground on which the city is built 
was originally quite uneven, and though much 
has been done by grading, to destroy its uneven- 
ness of surface, yet, happily, nature has present- 
ed too great obstacles to be overcome, and many 
of the natural beauties of its situation remain, to 
a considerable extent, unimpaired. The vicinity 
of the city of New York presents no finer situa- 
tions than are to be found on the high grounds of 
Brooklyn. The city is regularly laid out. The 
streets, with the exception of Fulton-street, are 
generally straight, 60 feet wide, and cro!>s each 
other at right angles. Some of the streets have 
a greater width. Fulton-st., the principal thorough- 
fare, though crooked, has been widened to an am- 
ple width ; the old houses with which it was for- 
merly lined near the ferry, have been replaced 
by rows of lofty brick buildings, and present an 
entrance to the city quite as imposing as any 
single entrance to the city of New York. Brook- 
lyn is one of the finest built cities, of its extent, 
in the United States. Its beautiful situation, good 
air, and excellent water, have made it a favorite 
place of residence to many persons who do bu- 
siness in New York, as it is nearer to the centre 
of business in that city, than residences in the 
upper parts of the city of New York ; and have 
given it a most rapid growth. The increase of 
population from 1830 to 1840 was 20,917. Brook- 
lyn is connected with New York by 4 steam fer- 
ries, on each of which several commodious boats 
continually run. The ferry from Fulton-street 
in Brooklyn, to Fulton-street ui New York, is 731 
yards wide ; that from Main-street, Brooklyn, to 



Catharine-street, New York, is 736 yards; the 
Jackson-street, or Navy Yard ferry, is 707 yards ; 
the South ferry, from Atlantic-street, Brooklyn, 
to Whitehall, New York, is about 1,300 yards 
wide. The time of crossing is generally from 4 
to 5 minutes. The city limits have the same ex- 
tent as the former town of Brooklyn, having an 
irregular shape, 6 miles long, and 4 broad, at its 
greatest breadth. This large territory has been 
laid out into blocks and streets, and the corner 
posts fixed by commissioners, appointed by the 
Legislature ; but the thickly settled parts are con- 
fined to a small part of this territory. Brooklyn 
was chartered as a city in 1834. It is divided 
into 9 wards, and is governed by a Mayor and 
Common Council. A new city hall, projected a 
number of years since, on a magnificent plan, to 
be built of white marble, but batlly located, has 
never progressed beyond the basement story, and 
is altogether beyond the present wants of the 
city. The Conuuon Council and city offices are 
at present well accommodated at the City Build- 
ings, (formerly Apprentices' Library,) purchased 
for the purpose, in the centre of business. The 
jail is a handsome building of freestone, and the 
county clerk's office is a fire-proof brick edifice. 
There are in the city 30 churches — 7 Presbyte- 
rian, 7 Episcopal, 3 Dutch Reformed, 2 Baptist, 7 
Methodist, 2 Roman Catholic, 1 Unitarian, and 1 
Friends'. There are 3 banks in Brooklyn, with 
an aggregate capital of $1,000,000, besides a Sav- 
ings bank. There are 3 insurance companies, 
w ith a total capital of $452,000. The Lyceum 
in Washington-street, is a fine granite building, 
with a spacious lecture room. The city library 
of 3,000 volumes, has a fine reading room, and is 
open daily. The Hamilton Literary Association, 
composed of young men, is a flourishing institu- 
tion, and supports, annually, an able course of 
lectures, which are numerously attended. 

There were in 1840, 5 for. commercial houses, 
cap. $109,500 ; 154 retail stores, cap. $353,000 ; 
several lumber yards, cap. $40,000 ; products of 
the dairy $197,000, machuiery $182,(W0, hats and 
caps $102,000, 1 tannery, manufacture of leather 
$162,600, 5 distilleries, 1 brewery, cap. $357,000 ; 
paints, drugs, &,c., cap. $322,000 ; 1 glass house, 
employing 100 persons, capital $15,000; 4 rope 
walks, cap. $65,000 ; 3 printing offices, 1 daily, 2 
weekly, 1 semi-weekly newspapers. Capital in 
manuiac. $1,386,500. 19 acad. 1,121 students, 
38 schools, 4,683 scholars. 

The United States' Navy Yard, situated on 
Wallabout Bay, covers 40 acres of ground, en- 
closed by a bnck wall on the land side, and con- 
tains 2 large ship houses, 7 extensive timber sheds 
built of brick, and several workshops, offices for 
the officers, and extensive storehouses. A dry 
dock will soon be constructed at this idace. Con- 
nected with the Navy Yard, is the United States 
Naval Lycemn, a flourishuig institution, which 
has a valuable library and museum. The Naval 
Hospital occupies a commanding eminence, half 
a mile e. of the Navy Yaril, and has a large build- 
ing surrounded by 33 acres of cultivated ground, 
enclosed by a brick wall. The (ireenwood Cem- 
etery is in the s. part of Brooklyn, has 200 acres 
of land, of a variety of surface, and in its higher 
parts, commands an extensive and beautiful view 
of the harbor and city of New York, of the sur- 
roimding country, and of the Atlantic ocean. It 
is designed to embellish the grounds, and to make 
it an ornament to the city. The " Atlantic Dock 
Company" are constructing a large basin, within 
Red Hook Point, which will contain 42i acres, 
and the outside pier of which will extend 3,000 
feet, fronting on Buttermilk chaimel, and the 



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depth of which will accommodate the largest 
ships ; the whole estimated to cost $624,527. This 
additional wharf-room is rendered necessary, by 
the crowded state of the docks at New York. 
At the foot of Brooklyn Heights, the finest water 
is obtained from wells and reservoirs for the sup- 
ply of the sliipping of New York harbor. 

In August, 1776, this part of Long Island be- 
came the seat of the Revolutionary war, and the 
remains of the fortifications then thrown up, are 
still to be seen in Brooklyn ; though many of 
them have been obliterated in the regulation of 
streets. At the close of the Revolutionary war, 
there were but 56 houses in the place. Near the 
Navy Yard at the Wallabout, are interred the 
remains of 11,000 Americans, who perished in 
the British prison ships, moored Lir the bay, dur- 
ing the Revolutionary war. 

Brooklyn, p-t., Susquehanna co.. Pa., 171 n. 
N. E. Harrisburg, 278 W. Martins creek forms 
its E. boundary. It has 2 stores, cap. $3,300 ; 1 
woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 5 saw m., 1 
paper fac. Cap. in manufac. $12,285. 1 acad. 
19 students, 10 schools, 280 scholars. Pop. 1,474. 

Brooklyn, p-t., Cuyahoga co., O., 145 n. n. e. 
Columbus, 360 W. Ohio city, opposite to Cleve- 
land, has been taken from this town, and was 
formerly a part of it. It has 1 grist m., 8 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. iJ2,000. 1 acad. 40 students, 11 
schools, 562 scholars. Pop. 1,401*. 

Brooklyn, p-o., Halifax co., Va., 145 s. w. 
Richmond, 232 W. It contains 2 stores, 1 tanne- 
ry, several meclianics, 12 dwellings, and 60 in- 
habitants. 

Brooklyn, p-o., Schuyler co., 111., 77 w. n. w. 
Springfield, 857 W. 

Bkooklvn, p-o., Conecuh co., Ala., 180 s. by 
E. Tuscaloosa, 'J32 W. 

Brooklyn, p-o., Jackson co., Ala., 71 n. n. e. 
Tuscaloosa, 531 W. 

Brooklyn, p-o., Noxubee co., Miss., 126 n. e. 
Jackson, 891 W. 

Brookneal, p-v., Campbell co., Va., 122 w. s. 
w. Richmond, 209 W. IJeautifully situated on 
the N. bank of Staunton r. It has 1 Baptist church, 
2 stores, 1 tannery, and several mechanics, and 
contains 15 dwellings. Pop. 61 whites, 48 blacks ; 
total, 109. 

Brooks, p-t., Waldo co.. Me., 45 n. e. Augusta. 
Incorporated in 1816. It has 4 stores, cap. $4,000 ; 
1 tannery, 2 irrist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$8,077. 5 sell. 373 scholars. Pop. 910. 

Brook's Grovk, p-o.. Mount Morris t., Liv- 
ingston CO., N. Y., 249 w. Albany, 360 W. 

Brookville, p t., Hancock county. Me., 79 e. 
Augusta, 675 W. It lies on the e. side of Penob- 
scot bay, and is conveniently situated for naviga- 
tion, having navigable water on 3 sides. It has 
1 fulling m., 3 grist m., 2 saw m., 11 schools, 582 
scholars. Pop. 1,246. 

Brookville, p-o., Alexander t., Genesee co., 
N. Y., 255 w. Albany, 385 W. 

Brookville, p-o., Montgomery co., Md., 64 n. 
N. w. Annapolis, 24 W. 

Brookville, p-b., Jefferson co., Pa., 167 n. w. 
Harrisburg, 256 W. It contains a brick court 
house and offices, 4 stores, and 40 or 50 dwellings. 
The first building was erected in 1830. It has 8 
stores, cap. $22,080 ; 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 1 grist 
m., 1 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly news- 
paper. Capital in manufac. $11,040. 1 acad. 25 
students, 1 sch. 60 scholars. Pop. 276. 

Brookville, p-v., capital, Franklin co., la., 69 
s. E. Indianapolis, 519 W. Situated a little above 
the junction of e. and w. forks of Whitewater r. 

Brookville, p-v., Bracken co., Ky., 65 n. e. 
Frankfort, 495 W. 



Brookville, p-v., Marion co., Mo., 119 n. n. 
E. Jefferson city, 933 W. 

Brooksville, p-o., Albemarle co., Va., 98 n 
w. Richmond, 140 W. 

Brooksville, p-o., Randolph co., Ga., 151 s 
w. Milledgeville, 807 W. 

Brooksville, p-o., Blount co., Ala., 114 n. n. 
E. Tuscaloosa, 724 W. 

Broo.vie, county, N. Y., situated in the s. part 
of the state, contains 627 sq. ms. The soil is 
adapted to grazing, and is fertile. It contains 
several svilphur and 1 or 2 salt springs. Water- 
ed by Susquehanna, Chenango, and Toughnioga 
rivers, and Nanticoke creek. A large amount of 
lumber is floated dovm the Susquehanna river to 
Chesapeake bay. The Chenango canal connects 
Binghamton with the Erie canal at Utica. CJapi- 
tal, Binghamton. There were in 1840, neat cat- 
tle 23,546, sheep 50,669, swine 12,880; wheat 
66,369 bushels produced, rye 26,443, Indian com 
84,033, buckwheat 31,259, potatoes 303,812, sugar 
62,05 1 pounds ; 49 stores, cap. $180,300 ; 9 fulling 
m., 14 tanneries, 1 distillery, 23 grist m., 144 saw 
m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. 
in manufac. $44,595. 3 acad. 165 students, 167 
schools, 6,627 scholars. Pop. 1830, 17,582 ; 1840, 
22,338. 

Broome, t., Schoharie co., N. Y., 33 w. Alba- 
ny. The surface is hilly and mountainous ; soil, 
light sandy loam. Drained by Schoharie creek 
and its tributaries, and by Catskill cr. It has 8 
stores, cap. $10,300 ; 2 tanneries, 2 grist mills, 11 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $18,950. 17 sch. 759 
scholars. Pop. 2,404. 

Brothers Valley, t., Somerset county. Pa. 
Drained by Castlemans r. It has 2 stores, cap. 
$8,000 ; 3 fulling m., 4 distilleries, 1 flouring m., 
6 grist m., 10 saw m., 1 oil ra. Cap. in manufac. 
$8,150. 5 schools, 125 scholars. Pop. 1,548. 

13ROTIIERT0N, p-o., Anne Arundel co., Md., 
10 N. by w. Amiapolis, 50 W. 

Brotzmansville, p-o., Warren co., N. J., 78 
N. N. w. Trenton, 226 W. 

Browers, p-o., Berks co.. Pa., 66 n. e. Harris- 
burg, 159 W. 

Brower's Mills, p-o., Randolph co., N. C, 
73 w. by s. Raleigh, 347 W. 

Brown, county, O., in the s. w. part of the 
state, contains about 470 sq. ms. It lies on the 
Ohio r. Watered by Eagle, Red-oak, Straight, 
and White-oak creeks. 'I'he surface on the Ohio 
is somewhat broken, but at the distance of 5 ms. 
becomes level. The sod is generally good, and 
in some parts excellent. Organized in 1818. 
Capital, Georgetown. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 16,316, sheep 25,775, swine 39,784 ; wheat 
321,019 bushels produced, rye 2,348, Indian corn 
757,284, barley 1,919, oats 212,448, potatoes 62,964, 
tobacco 63,260 pounds ; 2 com. houses in foreign 
trade, cap. 11,000 ; 63 stores, capital $210,950 ; 1 
fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 15 tanneries, 2 distille- 
ries, 1 brewery, 42 flouring m., 2:H grist m., 38 saw 
m., 4 oil m., 2 printing offices, 3 weekly newspa- 
pers. Cap. in manulac. $206,678. 1 college, 22 
students, 1 acad. 45 students, 33 sch. 1,352 scho- 
lars. Pop. 1830, 17,869 ; 1840, 22,715. 

Brown, county. 111. Situated in the w. part 
of the state, contains 300 sq. ms. The surface is 
adulating, and the soil fertile. Illinois r. runs 
on its E. border, and Crooked creek on the n. e. 
McKee's cr. passes through the southern part of 
the CO. Capital, Mount Sterling. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 4,875, sheep 3,733, swine 
10,278 ; wheat 15,791 bush, produced, Ind. corn 
128,105, buckwheat 1,216, oats 17,417, potatoes 
10,735, tobacco 3,030 pounds, sugar 14,993 ; 13 
stores, cap. $18,800 ; 4 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 2 



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85 



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potteries, 6 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manu- > 
lac. 836,935. 11 sch. 314 scholars. Pop. 4,183. I 

Brown, county, la., central in the .s. part of tlie 
state, contains 310 sq. ms. Drained by Salt cr. 
and its tributaries. Surface undulating and hilly, 
and the soil fertile. Capital, Nashville. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 2,261, sheep 2,635, swine 
6,927 ; wheat 3,328 bush, produced, I. corn 66,578, 
oafs 9,375, potatoes 3,539, tobacco 3,562 pounds, 
sugar 23,215 ; value of skins and furs produced, 
$47,611 ; 1 tannery, 6 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $5,300. 1 school, 24 scholars. Pop. 
2,364. 

Brown, county. Wis,, lies on both sides of 
Green Bay, and vv. of Lake Michigan. It con- 
tains 1,150 sq. ms. in the part surveyed. The 
surface is various, and the soil good, but some- 
what wet and cold. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 1,053, sheep 85, swine 1,380; wheat 7,614 
bush, produced, Ind. com 3,696, oats 13,674, po- 
tatoes 27,508, sugar 3 ),460 pounds ; 3 commercial 
houses in for. trade, cap. $33,000 ; 42 stores, cap. 
$142,700 ; 8 lumber yards, cap. $8,200; 1 tannery, 
3 grist ra., 25 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly 
newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $126,388. 3 sell. 
46 scholars. Pop. 2.107. 

Brow.v, t., Lycoming co.. Pa. Surface moun- 
tainous ; soil, various. Drained by Pine cr. and 
its tributaries. It has 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $1,500. 3 sch. 60 scholars. Pop. 
263. 

Brown, t., Mifflin county. Pa. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $15,000; 3 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $29,310. 4 sch. 115 scholars. Pop. 903. 

Brown, t., Hancock co., la. It has 1 grist m., 
1 saw m. Pop. 749. 

Brown, t., Washington co., la. It has 1 store, 
cap. $1,500; 3 tanneries, 1 floin-ing m., 5 grist in., 
6 saw m., 2 sch. 60 scholars. Pop. 1,451. 

Brown, t., Athens co., O., in the s. w. part of 
the CO. Situated on the waters of Racoon cr. 
It has 2 stores, cap. 2,000 ; 2 grist m., 4 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $4,500. 2 schools, 30 scholars. 
Pop. 257. 

Brown, t., Carroll co., O. Sandy cr. and the 
Sandy and Beaver canal pass through it. It has 
6 sch. 185 scholars. Pop. 2,165. 

Brown, t., Dark co., O. Watered by a head 
branch of Stillwater cr. Pop. 294. 

Brown, t., Delaware co., O., 4 e. of Delaware. 
The soil is generally good. Watered by Alum 
cr. It has 7 sch. 130 scholars. Pop. 908. 

Brown, t., Franklin co., O. Established in 
1830. Situated on the w. border of the co. It 
has 1 sch. 20 scholars. Pop. 425. 

Brown, t., Knox co., O., in the n. part of the 
CO. Situated on Yellow cr. It has 5 sch. 200 
scholars. Pop. 1,210. 

Brown, t., Miami co., O. Drained by branch- 
es of Miami r. It has 1 saw m., 4 sch. 194 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,233. 

Brown, t., Paulding co., O. Pop. 180. 

Brownill's Mills, p-o., Lenawee co., Mich., 
83 s. w. Detroit, 523 W. 

Brownfield, p-t., Oxford co., Me., 78 s. w. 
Augusta, 563 W. Incorporated in 1802. It has 
the Saco r. on the e., ana contains 2 stores, 1 tan- 
nery, 3 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$4,000. 2 acad. 94 students, 13 sch. 480 scholars. 
Pop. 1,360. 

Browniielm, p-t., Loraine co., O., 124 n. e. 
Columbus, 348 VV. Watered by Vermillion r. 
It has 2 stores, cap. $5,000 ; 1 lumber yard, cap. 
$10,000; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 3 saw iii. Cap. 
in manufac. $9,200. 4 sch. 134 scholars. Pop. 
934. 

Brownington, p-l., Orleans cc, Vt., 49 n. n. 



E. Montpelier, 535 W. Watered by Willoughby 
r., a branch of Barton r., wliich furnishes water 
power. Chartered in 1790. It has 2 stores, cap. 
$2,50l) ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in 
inannfac. $2,200. 1 acad. 46 students, 3 sch. 65 
scholars. Pop. 486. 

Brownington, p-v., Butler co.. Pa., 215 w. 
N. w. Harrisburg, 257 \V. 

Brown's, p o., Fairfield dist., S. C, 24 n. Co- 
lumbia, 504 W. 

Brownsborougii, p-v., Oldham co., Ky., 42 
N. w. Frankfort, 534 W. 

BrO'WNsciirg, p-o., jMakefield t., Bucks co., 
Pa., 114 E. Harrisburg, 170 W. Situated on 
Delaware r., and contains 1 store and 5 or 6 
dwellings. 

Brownsborg, p-v., Rockbridge co., Va., 139 
w. by N. Richmond, 180 W. Situated on Maf- 
fet's cr. It has 1 large church, 3 stores, 1 tan- 
nery, 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., various mechanics, 
20 dwellings, and 120 inhabitants. It is surround- 
ed by a flourishing country. 

Brownsburg, p-o., Hendricks co., la., 14 w. 
Indianapolis, 585 W. 

Brown's Corner, p o., Kennebec co., Me., 6 
Augusta, 601 W. 

Brown's Cove, p-o., Albemarle co., Va., 112 
i\. w. Richmond, 136 W. 

Brown's Mills, p-o., Brown t., Mifflin co., 
Pa., 62 N. w. Harrisburg, 154 W. Pop. of the t. 
903. 

Brown's Mills, p-o., Roxbury t., Washington 
CO., O., 87 s. E. Columbus, 317 W. 

Brown's Port, p-v.. Perry co., Tenn., 101 s. 
w. Nashville, 785 W. 

Brown's Store, p-o., Warren co., O. 

Brown's Store, p-o., Caswell co., N. C, 96 
N. w. Raleigh, 272 W. 

Brownstown, p-t., Wayne co., Mich , 25 s. s. 
w. Detroit, 5i)4 W. It is situattid at the mouth 
of Huron r., on Lake Erie. It has 4 stores, cap. 
S4,7(»0, 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $3,000. 4 ,sch. 62 scholars. Pop. 
793. 

Brownstown, p-v., capital of Jackson co., la. 
71 s. Indianapolis, 597 W. Situated on the E. 
side of a branch of East Fork of White v. 

Brownsville, p-t., Piscatiquis co.. Me., 102 
N. E. Augusta, 699 W. Incorporated in 1821. 
Pleasant r., a branch of the Piscatiquis r., passes 
through the t. Otter pond, which is 4 or 5 ms. 
long, and 3 or 4 broad, lies on its e. border. It 
has 1 store, cap. 10,000 ; 1 taiuicry, 1 flouring m., 
1 grist m., I saw m., 6 sch. 254 scholars. Pop. 
568. 

Brownsville, p-o., Windsor co., Vt., 63 s. 
Montpelier, 474 W. 

Brownsville, p-v., Brownville t., JeflTerson 
CO., N. Y., 163 N. w. Albany, 5 w. VV'atertown, 
420 W. The surface is lev(!l, and the soil, a fer- 
tile marly loam. Watered by Black and Perch 
rivers. The v. is 4 ms. below Watertown, on 
the .N. bank of Black r., at the hjwer rapids, 
where there are mills, and below which the r. is 
navigable. Incorporated in 1829, and has 1 Pres- 
byterian, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Methodist church, 
8 stores, 1 cotton fac, 2 satinet fac, 2 grist m., 1 
saw m., 2 iron foundries, 2 machine shops, 1 
whitelead fac, 1 oil m., 1 tannery, and 1 distil- 
lery, 125 dwellings, and 1,000 inhabitants. There 
are in the 1. 10 stores, cap. $35,000 ; 5 fulling m., 
1 woollen fac, 2 furnaces, 1 distillery, 1 flouring 
m., 2 grist m., 7 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $112,200. 20 sch. 1,387 scholars. Pop. 
3,963. 

Brownsville, p-v., Fayette co., Pa., 191 e. 
by s. Harrisburg, 207 W. It is situated on the 



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86 



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K. bank of the IVlonongaliela r., at tlie mouth of 
Redstone cr. It contains about '23'J dwellings. 
The country around is rich and fertile. The 
national road passes through the place, and con- 
stitutes its principal street, and passes over the 
JMonongahela by a fine bridge. It has 17 stores, 
cap. $94,100; 1 forge, 1 tannery, 1 brewery, 1 
glass fac, 1 grist m., 1 suw m., 1 printing office, 
1 weekly paper. Cap. in manufac. $15,095. 3 
sell. 113 scholars. Pop. 1,362. 

Brownsville, p-v., Washington co., Md., 95 
N. w. Annapolis, 63 W. 

Brownsville, p-v., Liclung t., Licking co., 
O., 40 K. Columbus, 353 W. It is on the nation- 
al road, and contains 5 stores, 2 churches, 2 tan- 
neries, 17 mechanic shops, and 80 dwellings. It 
has an extensive trade in wheat and tobacco. 

Brownsville, p-v., capital Edmonson co., 
Ky., 132 s. w. Frankfort, 663 W. Situated on 
the s, side of Green r., contains a court house, 
jail, several stores and dwellings, and 112 inhabi- 
tants. 

Brownsville, p-v., Granville co., N. C, 64 
N. Raleigh, 267 W. 

Brownsville, p-o., Marborough dist, S, C, 
131 N. E., Columbia, 423 W. 

Brownsville, p-v., Talladega co., Ala., 141 
E. by N. Tuscaloosa, 790 W. 

Brownsville, p-v., Union co., la., 68 e. by s. 
Indianapolis, 511 W. 

Brownsville, p-v., capital of Jackson co., 
111., 17T s, Springfield, 842 W. Situated on the 
N. side of Big Muddy r. It is 12 ms. by land, 
and 25 by water from the Mississippi, and is sur- 
rounded by hills. It contains 25 or 30 families. 

Brownsville, p-o., Haywood co., Temi., 164 
w. s. w. Nashville, 847 W. 

Brownsville, p-o., Sahne co., Mo., 100 n. w. 
Jefferson city, 1,016 W. 

Brownsville, v., Monroe co., Ga. Situated 
li ms., w. of the Ocmulg<:e r. It contains 1 
Methodist church, and a few dwellings. 

Brownsville, p-v.. Hinds co., Miss., 20 w. 
Jackson, 1,030 W. 

Browntown, p-v., Bradford co., Pa., 153 n. 
Harrisburg, 263 W. 

Bruce, p-t., Macomb co., Mich., 58 n. Detroit, 
563 W. It has a productive soil, 2 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $2,000. 1 acad. 15 students, 4 sch. 
150 scholars. Pop. 1,128. 

Bruce, po., Hamilton co., Tenn., 147 s. E. 
Nashville, 603 W. 

Bruce's Valley, p-o., Susquehanna co.. Pa., 
164 N. by E. Ilarrisbui^, 274 W. 

Brucetown, p-o., Frederick co., Va., 154 N. N. 
w. Richmond, 78 W. 

Bruceville, p-v., Carroll co., Md., 79 n. w. 
Annajjolis, 62 W. 

Bruceville, p-o., Knox co., la., 119 s. w. 
Indianapolis, 686 W. 

Bruington, p-v., King and Queen co., Va., 
42 N. E. Richmond, 127 VV. 

Bruins Cross Roads, Park co., la., 58 w. In- 
dianapolis, 629 W. 

Bruly Landing, p-o., West Baton Rouge par., 
La. 

Brumfieldville, p-v., Berks co.. Pa., 62 e. 
N. E. Harrisburg, 155 W. 

Brummels, p-o., Davidson co., N. C, 103 w. 
Raleigh, 324 W. 

Brunersburg, po., Williams co., O., 156 n. 
w. Columbus, 508 W. 

Brunerstown, p-o., Putnam co., la., .55 In- 
dianapolis, 620 W. 

Brunnett's Creek, p-o., Wliite co., la., 83 n. 
by w. Indianapoli.s, 622 W. 

Brunswick, county, Va. Situated in the s. 



part of the state, contains 676 sq. ms. Drained 
by Roanoke r. and its branches. Capital, Law- 
renceville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
10,801, sheep 6,279, swine 18,950; wheat 26,963 
bush, produced, Ind. corn 328,801, oats 115,842, 
potatoes 15,711, tobacco 2,140,813 pounds, cotton 
12,699 ; 19 stores, cap. $56,000 ; 5 tanneries, 1 
furnace, 4 flouring m., 19 grist m., 2 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $24,700. 7 acad. 156 students, 
7 sch. 126 scholars. Pop. 1830, 15,770 ; 1840, 
whites 4,978, slaves 8,805, free col'd 563 ; total, 
14,346. 

Brunswick, county, N. C, in s. part of the 
state, lying on Cape Fear r. and on the Atlantic 
ocean. It contains 1,344 sq. ins. The surface 
is flat and marshy, and the soil poor. Capital, 
Smithville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
7,237, sheep 1,889, swine 9,512 ; Ind. corn 36,357 
bush, produced, potatoes 47,426, rice 949,755 
pounds, cotton 7,868, pitch, &c. 4.867; bbls. 4 
stores, cap. $9,800; 17 grist m., 4 saw m., 7 sch. 
106 scholars. Pop. 1830, 6.523 ; 1840, whites 
2,772, slaves 2,119, free col'd 374; total, 5,265. 

Brunswick, p-t., Cumberland co.. Me., 30 s. 
by w, Augusta, 7 w. Bath, 26 n. e. Portland, 141 
N. N. e. Boston, 570 W. 43° 53' n. lat., 69° 55' 
w. Ion. It is situated on the s. side of the An- 
droscoggin r., at the lower falls, where there is 
extensive water power. The river below is 
navigable for gondolas to Bath. A great amount 
of lumber comes down the Androscoggin. There 
are 13 saw m., and a cotton fac. at this place. A 
bridge connects it with Topsham. 

Bowdoin college, a well endowed and flour- 
ishing institution, is located here. It was found- 
ed in 1794, lias a president and 10 professors or 
other instructors, 649 alumni, 165 students, and 
20,000 volumes in its libraries. A prosperous 
medical school is attached to the institution, 
which has 4 professors and 70 students. Its phi- 
losophical apparatus, and its cabinets of miner- 
alogy and natural liistory, are very complete. 
The commencement is on the first Wednesday 
in September. The t. has 30 stores, cap. ,$34,150 ; 
1 fulling ni., 1 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 4,000 
sp., 2 tanneries, 1 pottery, 1 flouring m., 5 grist 
m., 13 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 periodical. Cap. 
in manufac. $220,825. 2 acad. 66 students, 32 
sch. 1,065 scholai-s. Pop. 4,259. 

Brunswick, p-t., Essex co., Vt., 86 n. e. Mont- 
pelier, 583 W. It lies on Connecticut r. Nulhe- 
gan r. and Paul's stream pass through the t. and 
furnish good water power. It has two consider- 
able ponds, which discharge their waters into 
Connecticut r. It has cap. in manufac. $100. 3 
sch. 47 scholars. Pop. 130. 

Brunswick, t., Rensselaer co., N. Y., 4 e. 
Troy, 10 n. e. Albany. The surface is hilly. 
Drained by Poestenkill r. and its tributaries. It 
has 4 stores, cap. $2,700 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen 
fac, 2 tanneries, 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 6 saw 
m. Cap. m manufac. $8,400. 15 sch. 599 schol- 
ars. Pop. 3,051. 

Brunswick, p-v., port of entry and capital of 
Glymi CO., Ga., 233 s. e. Milledge\1lle, 742 W. 
Situated on Turtle r. It has a spacious and safe 
harbor, having 13 feet water on the bar, at the 
lowest tides. It is 13f ms. above the bar, and 8 
ms. above the light-house, on St. Simon's Island. 
It has a court house, jail, and about 30 houses 
and stores. Tonnage 1840, 1,494. 

Brunswick, p-t., Medina co., O.. 25 s. w. 
Cleveland, 120 n. e. Columbus, 355 W. It has 
4 stores, cap. $4,600 ; 1 tannery, 4 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. .$4,650. 8 sch. 29'? scholars. Pop. 
1,110. 

Brunswick, p-v., Chariton co., Mo., 102 n. w. 



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87 



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Jefferson city, 996 W. Situated on the N. banli 
of Missouri r., 1 mile below the mouth of Grand 
river. 

Brush Creek, p-o., Green co., Ky. 

Brush Creek, t.. Highland co., O. Drained 
by Brush cr. It has 8 sch. 400 scholars. Pop. 
1,502. 

Brush Creek, t, Jefferson co., O. Pop. 757. 

Brush Creek, t., Muskingum co., O. It has 
1 church, 4 flouring m., 4 saw m., several salt 
fac, and is a very flourishing t. Pop. 1,606. 

Brush Creek, t., Sciota co., O. Pop. 401. 

Brush Creek, t., Washington co., Ark. Has 
1 sch. 9 scholars. Pop. 298. 

Brush HiLL,p-v., Dupage co.. 111., 183 Spring- 
field, 735 W. 

Brushy Creek, p-o., Cleveland co., N. C, 
200 w. by s. Raleigh, 437 W. 

Brushv Creek, p-o., Anderson dist., S. C, 
216 w. s. w. Cokimbia, 519 VV. 

Brushy Fork, p-o., Breckenridge co., Ky., 
106 w. s. w. Frankfort, 646 W. 

Bruynswick, p-o., Ulster co., N. Y., 85s. s. w. 
Albany, 300 W. 

Brutus, t., Ingham co., Mich. Pop. 97. 

Brutus, t., Cayuga co., N. Y., 7 n. Auburn, 
153 w. by N. Albany. The surface is hilly ; the 
soil, a well cultivated clay and sandy loam. 
Gypsum and limestone are found here. Drained 
by Branch creek and Cold Spring, streams which 
flow N. into Seneca r. The Erie canal passes 
through the place, on which, in the t., the village 
of Weedsport it situated. There are in the t., 13 
stores, cap. .$27,400 ; 2 fulling m., 2 grist m., 9 saw 
m. Cap. m manufac. $36,150. 15 sch. 751 schol- 
ars. Pop. 2,044. 

Bryan, county, Ga., in the s. e. part of the 
state, on the Atlantic. The Ogeechee r. bounds 
it on the n. e. It contains 480 sq. ms. The 
Cannouchee r. passes through it. Such is the 
marshy nature of the soil, that the roads are made 
with great expense. It has 4 acad. 65 students. 
Pop. 3,182. 

Bryan, p-v., Pulaski t, capital of Williams co., 
O., situated near the centre of the co. 

Bryansburg, p-v., Jefferson co., la., 83 s. e. 
Indianapolis, 563 W. 

Bryantown, p-v., Charles co., Md., 69 s. w. 
AnnapoHs, 10 n. e. Port Tobacco, 44 W. 

Brydee's Store, p-o., Lunenbm-g co., Va., 88 
s. w. Richmond, 202 W. 

Buchanan, county, Mo., in the n. w. part of 
the state, contains 800 sq. ms. It has the Missou- 
ri river on the western boundary, and the Little 
Platte river passes south through the centre oi' the 
county. Capital, Sparta. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 8,476, sheep 6,071, swine 25,778; 
wheat 1,884 bush, produced, Ind. corn 194,961, 
oats 405, potatoes 12,069, tobacco 3,300 pounds, 
sugar 209 ; 14 stores, cap. .$34,210 ; 3 grist in., 2 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. §9,050. 17 sch. 427 
scholars. Pop. whites 6,004, slaves 227, free 
col'd 6 ; total, 6,237. 

Buchanan, p-o., Birmingham bor., Alleghany 
CO., Pa., 201 w. Harrisburg, 227 W. (See Pitts- 
burg.) 

Buchanan, v., Botetourt co., Va., on James r., 
opposite to Pattonsburg, with which it is connect- 
ed by a fine bridge. 

Buchanan, t., Berrien co., Mich., lying on the 
St. Joseph's r. It has 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $3,000. 3 sch. 57 scholars. Pop. 
264. 

Buchanan's Ferry, p-o., Calcasieu par., La., 
307 w. N. Orleans, l,33Z W. 

Buchanan's Station, p-o., Ripley co., la. 80 
s. K. Indianapolis, 556 W 



Buchanansville, p-v., Rutherford co., Tenn., 
12 s. E. Nashville, 678 W. 

Buck, p-o., Lancaster co.. Pa., 50 s. E. Harris- 
burg, 99 W. 

Buck, t., Luzerne co.. Pa. It has 8 saw ra. 
Cap. in manufac. $12,800. 1 sch. 45 scholars. 
Pop. 307. 

Buck Bridge, Potsdam t., St. Lawrence co., 
N. Y., 231 n. w. Albany, 503 W. 

Buck Creek, p-o., Spartansburg dist., S. C, 
114 N. w. Columbia, 475 W. 

Buck Creek, t., Hancock co., la. 1 grist m. 
Pop. 224. 

Buck Creek, p-o., Tuscaloosa co., 20 Tusca- 
loosa, 838 W. 

Buck Eye, p-o., Putnam co., O., 119 n. w. Co- 
lumbus, 484 W. 

Buck Eye, p-o., Laurens co., Ga., 50 n. by w. 
Milledgeville, 678 W. 

Buckeyestown, p-v., Frederick co., Md., 81 
N. w. Annapolis, 49 W. 

Buckfield, p-t., Oxford co., Me., 32 w. by s. 
Augusta, 50 N. by w. Portland, 591 W. Watered 
by a branch of Androscoggin r. The soil is fer- 
tile. It has 8 stores, cap. $10,250; 1 fulling m., 
46 tanneries, 4 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $15,011. 1 acad. 25 students, 13 sch. 656 
scholars. Pop. 1,629. 

Buckhannon, p-o., Lewis co.. Mo. 

Buckhead, p-o., Fairfield dist., S. C, 44 N. by 
w. Columbia, 484 W. 

Buckhead, p-o., Morgan co., Ga., 48 n. n. w. 
Melledgeville, 618 W. 

Buckhead Causeway, p-o., Colleton dist., S. 
C, 113 s. by E. Columbia, 619 W. 

Buckuorn, p-o., Cumberland co.. Pa. 

Buckingham, p-o., Baltimore co., Md. 

Buckingham, t., Wayne co.. Pa., on the wesS 
bank of the Delaware r. It has 3 sch. 50 schol- 
ars. Pop. 233. 

Buckingham, p-t., Bucks co.. Pa. 104 e. by 
N. Harrisburg, 166 W. Soil, loam, clay, and 
gravel. It is inhabited chiefly by Friends. It has 
a well endowed academy. It contains 7 stores, 
cap. $16,500 ; 1 tannery, 6 grist m., 6 saw m., 2 
oil m. Cap. in manufac. $57,050. 7 sch. 281 
scholars. Pop. 2,482. 

Buckingham, county, Va., in the lower cen- 
tral part of the state, lies on James r., and con- 
tains 816 sq. ms. The Appamattox r. runs on its 
southern border. Capital, Maysville. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 11,881, sheep 14,566, 
swine 22,315; wheat 168,771 bush, produced, 
rye 1,311, Ind. corn 438,913, oats 227,080 pota- 
toes 20,539, tobacco 2,452,520 pounds, cotton 
10,941; 37 stores, cap. $190,825; 1 furnace, 1 
woollen fac, 1 cotton fac, 76 tanneries, 9 distil- 
leries, 22 flouring m., 52 grist m., 44 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $225,556. 1 college, 97 students, 16 
acad. 300 students, 20 sch. 356 scholars. Pop. 
1830, 18,351 ; 1840, whites 7,323, slaves 10,014, 
free col'd 449; total, 18,786. 

Buckingham, C. H., p-o., Maysville v., Buck- 
ingham CO., Va., 79 w. Richmond, 158 W. 

BucKLAND, p-t., Frankhn co., Ms., 104 w. by 
N. Boston, 412 W. It lies on the s. side of Deer- 
field r. Incorporated in 1779. It is a good graz- 
ing t. It has 1 store, cap. $3,000 ; 1 fulling m., 2 
tanneries, 1 grist m., 5 saw in. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $1,300. 8 sch. 279 scholars. Pop. 1,084. 

BucKLAND, p-v., Prince William co., Va., Ill 
N. Richmond, 42 W. It has an elevated and ro- 
mantic situation, on Broad Run, on which are 2 
flouring m. It contains 1 church, free to all de- 
nominations, 2 stores, 1 tannery, 1 distillery, and 
various mechanics. It has a population of about 
200. 



BUF 



88 



BUF 



BucKLAND Corners, p-o., Hartford co., Ct., 6 
Hartford, 342 W. 

Buckram, p-v.. Queens co., N. Y., 179 s. Al- 
bany, 259 W. Situated on Beaver-dam cr. It 
has I store, 2 grist m., and 10 or 15 dwellings. 

Buck Prairie, p-o., Barry co.. Mo. 

Buck Run, p-o., Union co., O., 46 n. by w. 
Columbus, 436 W. 

Bucks, county, Pa., in the s. E. part of the 
state, is sitviated on the Delaware r., contains 5 16 
sq. ms. Drained by the Neshaminy and Tohic- 
kon creeks, and the sources of the Perkiomen cr. 
The surface is agreeably diversified, and the soil 
various, but highly cultivated. Plumbago or 
black lead is found in Southampton t. Capital, 
Doylestown. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
32,805, sheep 27,244, swine 3-i,516; wheat 236,915 
bush, produced, rye 255,666, Ind. corn 680,123, 
buckwheat 107,864, oats 884,870, potatoes 237,979, 
silk cocoons 1,280 pounds; 133 stores, cap. 
$455,000 ; 10 lumber yards, cap. $67,500 ; 2 full- 
ing ms., 2 woollen fac, 2 cotton fac. 7,000 sp., 24 
tanneries, 2 distilleries, 1 brewery, 22 potteries, 
11 flouring m., 94 grist m., 80 saw m., 15 oil m., 4 
printing offices, 4 weekly newspapers. Cap. in 
manufac. $336,051. 1 college, 30 students, 8 
acad. 233 students, 91 sch. 5,696 scholars. Pop. 
1830,45,740; 1840,48,107. 

Bucks, t., Tuscarawas co., O. It has 1 store, 
cap. ,$1,500 ; 1 distillery, 1 grist m., 4 saw m., 6 
sen. 570 scholars. Pop. 1,547. 

Bucks, p-o., Columbiana co., O., 153 n. e. Co- 
lumbus, 285 W. 

Bucks, t., St. Joseph co., Mich. Watered by 
St. Joseph r. It has 2 fulling m., 1 flouring m., 2 
saw m., 5 sch. 149 scholars. Pop. 787. 

Buck's Shoals, p-o., Rutherford co., N. C, 
216 w. by s. Raleigh, 453 W. 

BucKsroRT, p-t., Hancock co.. Me., 58 n. e. by 
E. Augusta, 654 W. It lies on the e. side of Pe- 
nobscot r., 15 s. Bangor. It is a flourishing town, 
with a fine harbor, and considerable shipping. 
The ground on which the village stands ascends 
gradually from the river, and the houses are built 
with neatness and taste. The harbor has suffi- 
cient depth of water for vessels of the largest 
class, and is not much obstructed by ice. The 
lumber trade lias been long and successfully car- 
ried on here. The lower ferry across the Pe- 
nobscot crosses at tliis place. It has 5 for. com. 
houses, cap. $35,000 ; 18 ret. stores, cap. $50,000; 
1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 8 oil m. Cap. 
in manufac. $15,700. 2 acad. 65 students, 15 
sch. 1,371 scholars. Pop. 3,015. 

Bucksvii.le, p-o., Horry dist., S. C, 187 e. 
Columbia, 477 W. 

Buck Tooth, p-o.. Little Valley t, Cattarau- 
gus comity, N. Y. 

BucYRUs, p-t., capital of Cmwford county, O., 
62 N. Columbus, 406 W. Situated on the s. bank 
of the Sandusky river, and on the Columbus and 
Sanduky turnpike. The town is large, populous, 
and well cultivated, containing considerable rich 
prairie land. The village has a brick court 
house and a U. S. land office, and is flourishing, 
containing over 800 inhabitants. There are m 
the town 9 sch. 592 scholars. Pop. 1,634. 

BuELL, p-o., Montgomery county, N. Y., 62 n. 
w. by vv. Albany, 387 W. 

BuELLS Lowell, t., Washington county, O. 
Pop. 71. ^ 

Buffalo, cily and p-t., port of entry, and capi- 
tal of Erie county, N. Y., lies on the outlet of Lake 
Erie, at the head of Niagara river, and on Buffalo 
creek, which constitutes its harbor, 288 vv. Al- 
bany, 363 by the Erie canal ; 73 w. Rochester, 
22 s. s. E. Niagara Falls, 103 e. Cierveland, O., 



381 W. Pop. 1810, 1,508; 1820, 2,095; 1830, 
8,653 ; 1840, 18,213. Employed in commerce, 
771 ; in manufactures and trades, 1,851 ; in navi- 
gating the ocean, 71 ; canals, lakes, and rivers, 
347; learned professions and engineers, 211 ; 1 
academy with 64 students; 28 common and 
primary schools, with 2,676 scholars. The land 
rises, by a very gentle ascent, 2 miles from the 
water to an extended plain, and from the eleva- 
ted parts of the city are fine views of the lake, of 
Niagara river, of the Erie canal, and the Canada 
shore. The city has broad and regular streets. 
Main-street is 2 miles long, and 120 feet wide, 
and is splendidly built with large stores, dwell- 
ings, and hotels, and presents a very imposing 
appearance ; and other parts of the city are built 
with neatness and taste. There are 3 public 
squares, which add much to the salubrity and 
beauty of the city. 

The public buildings of the city are a court 
house, jail, and county clerk's oflice, 2 markets, 
in the second story of one of which are the city 
offices; 17 churches, of which the Presbyterians 
have 3, the Episcopalians 2, the Baptists 1, the 
German Protestants 3, the Methodists 1, the Ro- 
man Catholics 2, the Unitarians 1, the Universal- 
ists 1 ; there are also 1 Bethel and 2 African 
churches. There are an orphan asylum, 2 bank- 
ing houses, an insurance company, a theatre, and 
several hotels, of which the American is one of 
the finest in the country. Among the useful in- 
stitutions of the city, the Young Mens' Associa- 
tion, who have a choice library of 3,500 volumes, 
and the public schools, under the control of the 
common council, for the education of the whole 
population, without charge for tuition, dosei-ve to 
be mentioned. Buffalo stands as a great gate 
between the East and the West, through which 
much of their commerce must pass ; and it is a 
great depot for the western country. 

The harbor of Buffalo is spacious and safe, 
having 12 or 14 feet of water a mile from its en- 
trance into the lake ; but it originally had a bar 
across its mouth. To obviate this, and the better 
to protect the harbor, a pier has been constructed 
of wood and stone, by the United States, extend- 
ing 1,500 feet from the s. side of the month of the 
creek, xipon the end of which a light-house is 
erected, 20 feet in diameter at its base, and 40 
feet high. This pier operates as a breakwater, 
and, by confining tlie creek, has served to clear 
its channel, so that vessels drawing 8 feet of wa- 
ter pass freely. But the greatest difficulty of the 
harbor of Buffalo arises from the accumulation of 
ice, on the brealung up of the lake, driven into it 
by the strong westerly winds, so that it often 
remains obstructed after the lake is clear. 

There are 50 or 60 steamboats, and 300 
schooners and other craft which navigate Lake 
Erie and the connected lakes, engaged in the 
commerce between Buffalo and the west. The 
tonnage in 1840, was 4,916. The arrivals of 
steamboats and other vessels in 1840, were, 4,061 ; 
clearances, 4,851. The amount of property sent 
e. on the Erie canal from BufTalo, at the same 
date, was 177,607 tons. The amount of goods, 
including domestic manufactures, salt, &c., re- 
ceived by the canal, and shipped to the west, 
was 93,733 tons. Tolls received amounted to 
$376,417. Buffalo is connected with Black 
Rock, and with Niagara Falls, by railroads. 
There were in 1840, 23 for. commission houses, 
cap. $94,000; 231 ret. stores, cap. $736,335; 1 
woollen fac, 3 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 1 pottery, 
4 flouring m., 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 2 oil m., 10 
printing offices, 5 daily, 4 weekly, 1 semi-week- 
ly newspapers, and 6 periodicals. Cap. in man- 



BUL 



89 



BUR 



iifac. $630,300. It was originally laid out by 
the Holland Land Company, in 1801. It was 
entirely burned by the British in 1814, except- 
ing 2 buildings. It then contained 200 dwellings. 
The inhabitants, however, received $80,000 from 
Congress as a compensation for their losses. The 
commencement of the rapid growth and great 
importance of this place may be dated from the 
opening of the Erie canal, though as the eastern 
limit of lake navigation it was gradually rising 
before that event. 

Buffalo, t., Armstrong county, Pa. It has 3 
stores, cap. $1,900; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 
distillery, 8 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$20,000. 1 sch. 22 scholars. Pop. 1,820. 

Buffalo, p-t., Wasliington county, Pa., 217 
w. Harrisburg, 243 W. It has 2 stores, cap. 
$3,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 3 tanneries, 
4 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,800. 
8 sch. 220 scholars. Pop. 1,116. 

Buffalo, p-t., Guernsey co., O., 87 e. Colum- 
bus, 319 W. Pop. 1,627. 

Buffalo, p-o., Mason co., Va., 347 n. n. w. 
Richmond, 384 W. Situated on the E. bank of 
Great Kanawha r. 

Buffalo, p-v., Cleveland co., N. C, 190 Ra- 
leigh, 427 W. 

Buffalo, p-o., Perry county, Tenn., 92 s. w. 
Nashville, 769 W. 

Buffalo, p-o., Polk county. Mo. 

Buffalo, t., l^e county, Mo. Pop. 2,174. 

Buffalo, t., Morgan co.. Mo. Pop. 188. 

Buffalo, t., Marion county, Ark. It has 1 grist 
m., 1 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $1,000. Pop. 91. 

Buffalo, v., capital of Niangua co.. Mo., on 
the Buffalo Heart Prairie, 3 miles w. of the 
Niangua r. 

Buffalo, t., Butler county, Pa. Drained by 
Thorn, Great and Little Buffalo creeks. It has 6 
stores, cap. $5,610 ; 1 tannery, 4 grist m., 4 saw 
ra. Cap. in manufac. $1,675. 9 sch. 495 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,820. 

Buffalo, t.. Perry county. Pa. The surface 
is hilly and the soil slate. Situated on the w. 
bank of the Susquehanna river, across which is 
a ferry. It has 5 stores, cap. $17,000; 1 rope 
iac, 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $14,745. 7 sch. 247 scholars. Pop. 
948. 

Buffalo, b.. Perry coimty. Pa. Situated on 
Susquehanna river, 5 miles above the entrance 
of Juniata river. Here is a ferry. It contains 1 
Presbyterian church, 2 stores, and 25 dwellings, 
1 sch. 35 scholars. Pop. 147. 

Buffalo Cross Road.s, p-o., Union co., Pa., 
75 N. by w. Harrisburg, 185 W. 

Buffalo Ford, p-o.. Wythe county, Va., 266 
w. s. w. Richmond, 333 W. 

Buffalo Forge, p-o., Rockbridsie county, 
Va., 152 w. by x. Richmond, 196 W.^ 

Buffalo Grove, p-o., Ogle county, 111., 173 
N. Springfield, 836 W. 

Buffalo Hide, p-o., Grainger county, Tenn., 
21 1 E. Nashville, 471 W. 

Buffalo Hill, p-o.. Orange county, N. C, 
43 N. w. Raleigh, 269 W. 

Buffalo Ru.n, p-o., Centre county. Pa., 91 n. 
w. Harrisburg, 183 W. 

Buford, p-o., Highland county, Ohio, 90 s. s. 
w. Columbus, 457 W. 

Buford's, p-o., Bedford county, Va., 156 w. 
by s. Richmond, 230 W. 

Buford"s Bridge, p-o., Barnwell district, S. 
C, 88 s. s. w. Columbia, 594 W. 

Bulger, p-o., Washington county. Pa., 223 w. 
Harrisburg, 247 W. 
Bull Creek, p-o., Wood county, Va., 321 n. 



w. Richmond, 292 W. It contains 1 Baptist 
church and several mills. 

BuLLBONus GnovE, p-o., Will county, 111., 168 
N. N. E. Springfield, 710 W. 

BuLLiT, county, Ky., situated in the N. part 
of the state, on Salt river. It contains 250 square 
miles. Watered by a branch of Salt r. The 
surface in the n. e. part is uneven, and the soil 
fertile. Salt is made in the county. Capital, 
Shepherdsville. There were in 181(3, neat cattle 
6,379, sheep 8,821, swine 20,988; wheat 39,681 
bushels produced, rye 3,561, Ind. corn 246,655, 
oats 77,105, potatoes 6,452, tobacco 2,540 pounds, 
sugar 12,171, 6 stores, cap. $24,6(Xt; 5 tanneries, 
4 distilleries, 1 brewery, vflouringm., 18 grist m., 
9 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $34,500. 
Pop. whites 4,996, slaves 1,320, free colored 18 ; 
total, 6,334. 

Bullock, county, Ga., in the s. e. part of the 
state, on the Ogeechee r. It contains 800 square 
miles. It has the Cannouchee r. on the s. vv., 
a branch of which runs through the county. 
Capital, Statesboro'. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 9,013, sheep 1,621, swine 6,145; wheat 
2,974 bushels produced, Ind. com 39,509, oats 
1,877, potatoes 12,416 ; 1 store, cap. $600 ; 12 grist 
m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,070. 1 sch. 
27 scholars. Pop. 1830, 2,587; 1840, whites 
2,147, slaves 955; total, 3,102. 

Bullocks, p-o., Granville county, N. C, 56 
N. Raleigh, 272 W. 

BuLLOcKTOw.v, p-v., Quceu Anne co., Md., 
64 e. Annapolis, 104 W. 

Bull Pasturf., p-o., Bath co., Va., 161 w. n. 
w. Richmond, 188 W. 

Bull Run, p-o., Grainger co., Tenn., 213 e. 
Nashville, 492 W. 

Bull Skin, p-o., Gallia co., O., Ill s. s. e. 
Columbus, 369 W. 

BuLLTowN, p-o., Braxton co., Va., 306 w. n. w. 
Richmond, 274 W. 

BuLLviLLE, p-o., Crawford t., Orange co., N. 
Y., 103 s. by w. Albany, 288 W. 

Buncombe, county, N. C, in the vv. part of the 
state, contains 2,000 sq. ms. It occupies a broad 
valley, between 2 ridges of the Alleghany 
mountaing. Drained by French Broad r. and its 
tributaries, and by Nolachucky r. The country 
is elevated, the surface very much broken, and 
the soil is chiefly adapted to grazing. It is a 
verj' healthy region. Capital, Ashville. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 10,596, sheep 9,803, 
swine 20,552; wheat 22,903 bushels produced, 
rye 9,251, Ind. corn 304,271, oals 68.544, pota- 
toes 21,308, tobacco 8,619 pounds, 9 stores, cap. 
.$41,450 ; 5 tanneries, 62 distilleries, 36 grist m., 
25 saw m., 1 oil m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly 
newspaper. Cap. ui manufac. $38,533. 1 acadi. 
15 students, 1 sch. 10 scholars. Pop. 1830, 16,259 ; 
1840, whites 8,798, slaves 1,199, free col'd 87; 
total, 10,084. 

Bundysburg, p-v., Parkman t., Geauga co., O., 
166 N. E. Columbus, 325 W. 

Bunker Hill, p-o., Bucks co.. Pa., 102 e. 
by N. Harrisburg, 171 W. 

Bunker Hill, p-o., Bedford co., Va., 148 w. 
by s. Richmond, 223 W. 

Bunker Hill, p-o., Jefferson county, Flor. 

Bunker Hill, t., Ingham co., Mich. Pop. 93. 

BuRBANK, p-o., Wayne county, Ohio, 109 n. 
e. Columbus, 360 W. 

BuRBOiSE, t.. Gasconade co., 3Io. Pop. 316. 

Burdett, p-v.. Hector t., Tompkins co., N. Y., 
184 w. by s. Albany, 307 W. It contains 2 
churches, 3 stores, and 400 inhabitants. 

Burdsfield, p-o., Bedlbrd county. Pa., 117 
w. s. w. Harrisburg, 144 W. 



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90 



BUR 



Bureau, county, 111., toward the n. part of the 
state, contains 648 square miles. The surface is 
undulating, but in some parts level, and in some 
parts it is swampy. It has some prairie land, 
and some groves of timber. Watered by Bu- 
reau creek. Capital, Princeton. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 4,001, .sheep 2,067, swine 12,056 ; 
wheat .55,724 bushels produced, Indian corn 
120,389, oats 51,860, potatoes 35,112; 6 grist m., 
10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 29,776. 1 acad. 
45 students, 13 sch. 321 scholars. Pop. 3,067. 

Burgess's Store, p-o., Nothumberland co., 
Va., 107 N. N. E. Richmond, 166 W. 

BuRGETTSTOWN, po., Washington co.. Pa., 227 
W. Harrisburg, 250 W. 

Burke, p-t., Caledonia county, Vt., 51 n. e. 
Montpelier, 561 W. Watered by branches of 
Pasumpsic river, which afford good water power. 
Burke mountain, in the s. e. part of the town, is 
3,500 feet high. It was chartered in 1782 — first 
settled in 1790. The surface i.s imeven, and the 
soil is generally good. Oil stones of a superior 
quality, from an island in Lake Memphremagog, 
are manufactured here. It has 4 stores, cap. 
$6,500 ; 2 fulling m., 1 tannery, 4 grist m., 7 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $11,630. 10 schools, 332 
scholars. Pop. 997. 

Burke, county, N. C, in the w. part of the 
state. Watered by Catavvba r. and its branches. 
It contains 1,625 sq. miles. The surface is ele- 
vated, though a mountain valley, and the soil is 
generally fertde. Capital, Morgantown. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 16,529, sheep 12,653, 
swine 39,556 ; wheat 45,976 bushels produced, 
rye 14,753, Ind. corn 620,996, oats 77,691, pota- 
toes 37,809, tobacco 17,718 lbs., cotton 43,644; 20 
stores, capital $57,400; gold, value produced, 
$38,122; 11 tanneries, 183 distilleries, 8 flouring 
m., 66 grist m., 32 saw m., 3 oil m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $50,530. 1 acad. 25 students, 8 schools, 204 
scholars. Pop. 1830, 17,727 ; 1840, whites 12,319, 
slaves 3,216, free col'd 264 ; total, 15,799. 

Burke, county, Ga., in the e. part of the state, 
on Savannah r. It has an area of 1,200 square 
miles. The Ogeechee river bounds it on the s. 
Watered also by Brier cr., a branch of the Savan- 
nah r. Capital, Waynesboro. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 14,956, sheep 4,756, swine 
26,728 ; wheat 7,698 buish. prod., rye 800, Ind. 
corn 508,503, oats 10,877, potatoes 35,465, rice 
6G5 pounds, cotton 6,359,303 ; 15 stores, capital 
$71,741 ; 36 grist m., 22 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $25,400. 1 acad. 25 students, 5 schools, 103 
scholars. Pop. 1830, 11,833; 1840, whites 4,609, 
slaves 8,403; free col'd 159; total, 13,176. 

Burke Garden, p-o., Tazewell co., Va., 274 
w. by .s. Richmond, 310 W. 

Burksville, p-v.. Prince Edward co., Va., 81 
s. w. by w. Richmond, 176 W. 

Burksville, p-v., capital of Cumberland co., 
Ky., 124 w. by s. Frankfort, 637 W. Situated on 
the w. bank of Cumberland river. 

BuRKETSviLLE, p-v., Frederick co., Md., 92 
N. w. Annapolis, 60 W. 

BuRLiNGUAM, p-v., Mamakatiug t., Sullivan 
CO., N. Y. It contains 2 stores, 1 Methodist 
church, 1 tannery, 30 dwellings, and 175 inhabi- 
tants. 

BuRLiNGHAM, p-v., Bedford t., Meigs co., O., 
86 s. E. Columbus, 341 W. 

Burlington, county, N. J., lies chiefly on 
the Delaware r., but extends across the state, to 
the Atlantic ocean. The soil is chiefly alluvial, 
consisting of sand, gravel, loam and clay, vari- 
ously mixed. It furnishes valuable pine timber, 
and bog iron ore. Marl abounds, particularly in 
the w parts. Watered by Assunpiiik, Cross- 



wick's, Black's, Craft's, Assiscunk, Rancocus, 
and Pensauken creeks, which flow into the Del- 
aware. In Springfield t. is a well, which con- 
verts wood into stone. Blacks of hickory, cut 
in the form of hones, have been converted into 
stone in 5 years. There were in 1840, neat cat- 
tle 16,863, sheep 15,102, swine 20,396; wheat 
90,836 bush, produced, rye 253,346, Ind. corn 
577,520, buckwheat 39,542, oats 197,180, potatoes 
193,126; 129 stores, cap. $364,450 ; 4 fulling m., 
1 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 2,500 sp. ; 1 dyeing and 
printing est., 3 furnaces, 7 tanneries, 19 distille- 
ries, 3 potteries, 3 paper fac, 34 grist m., 46 saw 
m., 1 printing office, 3 weekly newspapers. 
Cap. in manufac. $807,670. 6 acad. 135 students, 
101 sch. 7,125 scholars. Pop. 1830, 31,066 ; 1840, 
32,831. 

Burlington, p-t., Penobscot co.. Me., 120 n. 
E. Augusta, 713 W. It has a fertile soil, produ- 
cing good crops of wheat, and contains 3 sch. 
105 scholars. Pop. 350. 

BuRLiNCiTON, p-t., port of entry, and capital 
of Chittenden co., Vt., 40 w. N. w. MontpeUer, 
80 s. s. E. Montreal, L. C, 22 s. e. Plattsburg, 
75 N. Whitehall, 513 W. Situated in 44° 27' n. 
lat. and 73° 10' w. Ion. Pop. 1830, 3,525 ; 1840, 
4,271. This beautiful village is situated on a 
bay which, in the form of a regular curve, sets 
up a little on the e. side of Lake Champlain. 
Toward the s. part of the village, the shore is 
low, but toward the n. it rises to a high bluff, 
on the level top of which, the barracks for the 
U. S. soldiers were situated during the last war, 
and on the brow of which, was a powerful bat- 
tery. From the s. part of the village, the ground 
rises, by a gradual slope, for the distance of a 
mile, to its eastern boundary, which is 250 feet 
above the level of the lake. The streets ex- 
tend from E. to w. to the lake shore, and are 
crossed by others at right angles, dividing the 
whole into regular squares. Near the centre of 
the village is a handsome public square, on 
which the court house is situated. The village 
contains many elegant houses, generally sur- 
rounded by shrubbery, with fine gardens in the 
rear ; and many large and commodiou.^ stores 
and warehouses. It lias a rich and extensive back 
country, and is the largest and most commercial 
place in the state. A steamboat from While- 
hall to St. Johns, stops daily at this place. 
There are 3 substantial wharves, and on Juni- 
per Island, which contains about 11 acres of 
ground, and 4 miles from the shore, is a light- 
house. The U. S. have also erected a break- 
water here, as a protection against westerly 
winds. The lake is here 10 miles across, with 
several islands in view ; and a more beautiful 
sheet of water cannot well be conceived. The 
view from the cupola of the college, as respects 
natural scenery, is second to none in the United 
Stales. In addition to the beautiful village, the 
meanderings of Onion river, the broad water view 
of the lake with its islands, its vessels, and it.s 
steamboats ; it has in front, on the opposite shore 
of the lake, in the state of New York, the grand 
Adirondack mountains, nearly or quite as high 
as the White mountains ; and on the e., in full 
view, the Green mountains, with their two 
highest peaks, Camels Rump, and Mansfield 
mountain. This mountain scenery elevates the 
beautiful into the sublime, and contributes to 
form an assemblage of objects which never be- 
comes tame by familiarity. 

The buildings of the University of Vermont, 
4 in number, are on high ground at the e. side 
of the village. This institution was founded in 
1791, and received as an endowment from iho 



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state about 30,000 acres of land, located in the 
various towns granted by the state of Vermont. 
It has a President and 5 professors, or other in- 
structors, 241 alumni, 110 students, and 9,200 
volumes in its libraries. The commencement 
is on the first Wednesday in August. It has a 
medical department attached to it, and is flour- 
ishing. 

Here is a court house, a jail, 2 banking houses, 
6 churches, for Congregationalists, Episcopalians, 
Unitarians, Methodists, and Roman Catholics, 
some of which are elegant buildings, an acade 
my and a female seminary, which are fine edi- 
fices. 

About a mile and a half N. E. of the court 
house, is a fine manufacturing village, on the 
falls of Onion r., denominated Winooski city. 
Beside rapids, the river here has a perpendicu- 
lar fall of about 20 feet, and aflTords a great 
water power. Tliis village is situated partly in 
Burlington, and partly in Colchester, and the 
parts are connected by a fine covered bridge 
across Onion r. The mills and manufactories 
of this place are already considerable. 

The t. contains some good land, and some 
less fertile. The first had a natural growth of 
hard wood, and the latter of pine. The first 
permanent settlement was made in 1783. It 
has 49 stores, cap. $332,830 ; 1 tannery, 1 rope 
fac, 1 brewery, 1 glass fac, 1 pottery, 1 grist 
m., 3 saw m., 3 printing offices, 2 weekly news- 
papers. Cap. in manufac. $84,403. 1 acad. 
104 students, 17 sell. 835 scholars. 

Burlington, p-t., Middlesex co., Mas., 13 n. 
w. by N. Boston, 453 W. Watered by a branch 
of Shawsheen r. It has a light soil. It contains 
2 stores, cap. $7,000 ; 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $6,100. 4 sch. 180 scholars. Pop. 
510. 

Burlington, p-t, Hartford co., Ct., 19 w. 
Hartford, 339 W. Watered by Farmington r. 
and its branches. The surface is diversified, 
and the soil a gravelly loam. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $400 ; 2 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 1 tan- 
nery, 3 distilleries, 4 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $21,500. 9 sch. 335 scholars. Pop. 
1,201. 

Burlington, p-t., Otsego co., N. Y., 79 w. 
Albany, 356 W. The suriace is rolling, and the 
soil a fertile gravelly loam. At the v., are a church, 
2 stores, and 15 or 20 dwellings. There are in the 
t., 7 stores, cap. $25,500 ; 4 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 
2 distilleries, 4 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $42,405. 13 sch. 558 scholars. Pop. 2,154. 

Burlington, city, p-t., and port of entry, 
Burlington co., N. J., 12 s. Trenton, 17 n. e. 
Philadelpliia, 15G W. 40° 5' 10" n. lat. and 72° 
52' 37" w. Ion. Pop. 1830, 2,670 ; 1810, 3,434. 
It is pleasantly located on the e. bank of the 
Delaware. Encircled on the s. and e. by a 
small stream, so as to form an island, H mile 
long and i m. wide, connected with the main 
land by 4 bridges and causeways. It has 6 
churches, 1 Episcopal, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Friends, 
2 Methodist and 1 Baptist, a city hall, a lyceum, 
a bank, a library, three extensive boarding 
schools, and a free school, established in 1682. 
It is regularly laid out, with streets intersecting 
each other at right angles. The bank of the 
river is a beautiful grassy plain, bordered by 
elegant dwellings, chiefly country seats of gen- 
tlemen of Philadelphia. The residence of the 
Bishop of New Jersey is a handsome Gothic 
structure. Burlington was founded in 1678, and 
incorporated as a city in 1784. Tonnage, 1840, 
3,851. It has 15 stores, cap. $57,500; 1 tannery, 
1 pottery, 4 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 printing office, 



1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $89,650. 

1 acad. 40 students, 9 sch. 480 scholars. 
Burlington, p-t., Bradford co., Pa., 144 n. 

Harrisburg, 254 W. The surface is hilly, and 

soil gravelly loam. Drained by Sugar cr. and 
j its branches. It has 2 stores, cap. $8,000 ; 1 

grist m., 11 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $13,445. 
I 7 sch. 245 scholars. Pop. 1,118. 

1 Burlington, p-v., Fayette t., capital of Law- 
rence CO., O. Situated on the n. bank of Ohio r., 
at the extreme s. point of the state. It contains 
a court hou.se, a jail, 2 churches, 1 Presbyterian 
and 1 Methodist, a steam saw mill, 2 carding 
machines, and various manufactories. 

Burlington, p-t., Calhoun co., Mich., Ill w. 
Detroit, 572 W. It has 1 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $2,050. 4 sch. 84 scholars. Pop. 411. 

Burlington, p-v., Hampshire co., Va., 198 
N. w. Richmond, 126 W. It has a church, free 
to all denomuiations, 1 store, and several me- 
chanic shops. 

Burlington, p-v., capital of Boone co., Ky., 
82 N. by E. Frankfort, 508 W. 

Burlington, p-v., Carroll co., la., 53 n. n. 
w. Indianapolis, 611 W. 

Burlington, p-o., Racine co., Wis., 82 s. e. 
Madison, 791 W. 

Burlington, p-v., capital of Des Moines co., 
Iowa, 871 W. It is handsomely situated on the 
w. bank of the Mississippi, 1,429 ms. above New 
Orleans, and 248 above St. Louis. It is sur- 
rounded by hills, to which the ground rises by a 
gentle acclivity, aflitrding many commanding 
situations on the high grounds. It is regularly 
laid out, and has a court house, and jail, and 
several commodious brick churches, and many 
neat privote residences. It has 2 steam ferry 
boats. The commerce of the place is consider- 
able. It contains a U. S. land office, between 
20 and 30 stores, and a variety of mechanical and 
manufacturing establishments. It has 2 printing 
offices, each of which issues a weekly news- 
paper. 

Burlington, t., Licking co., O. It has 5 
sch. 284 scholars. Pop. 1,222. 

Burlington, t., Calhoun co., Mich. 

Burlington Flats, p-o., Burlington t., Otsego 
CO., N. Y., 83 w. Albany, 360 W. 

Burnington, t., Sluawassee co., Mich. Pop. 
403. 

Burnersville, p-o., Lewis co., Va., 231 n. w. 
Richmond, 213 W. 

Burns, t., Allegany co., N. Y., 237 w. by s. 
Albany. The surface is broken ; soil, a fertile 
clay loam. Drained by Canaseraga cr. It con- 
tains 3 stores, cap. $12,000; 1 tannery, 2 grist 
m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,800. 7 sch. 
299 scholars. Pop. 867. 

Burns, t., Shiawassee co., Mich. It has 1 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,000. 1 sch. 25 
scholars. Pop. 257. 

BuRNETTSTON, t., Franklin co., Mass. It has 

2 stores, cap. $4,000 ; 1 fulling m., 2 grist m., 5 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,650. 6 sch. 252 
scholars. Pop. 992. 

BuRNH.vM, p-t., Waldo CO., Me., (post office 
called Burnham village,) 34 e. Augusta, 630 W. 
It has 1 store, cap. $3,0iJ0 ; 1 tannery, 2 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $15,800. 7 sch. 266 scholars. 
Pop. 602. 

BuRNSiDE, p-t., Clearfield co., Pa., 156 n. w. 
Harrisburg, 234 W. Pop. 556. 

BuRNSviLLE, p-o., Yanccy co., N. C, 245 
Raleigh, 475 W. 

BuRNSviLLE, p-o., Dallas ro., Ala. 

Burnt C.\bins, p-o., Bedford co., Pa., 67 w. 
s. w. Harrisburg, 111 W. 



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92 



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Burnt Corn, p-o., Monroe co., Ala., 142 s. 
Tuscaloosa, 934 W. 

Burnt Hills, p-o., Ballston t., Saratoga co., 
N. Y., 25 N. Albany, 393 W. 

Burnt Ordinary, p-o., James City co., Va., 
46 E. by. s. Richmond, 163 W. 

Burnt Prairie, p-v., Wliite co., 111., 155 s. s. 
E. Springfield, 761 W. 

Burnt Tavern, p-o., Monmouth co., N. J., 
27 E. by s. Trenton, 193 W. 

Burnt Tavern, p-o., Garrard co., Ky., 49 s. 
by e. Frankfort, 547 W. 

Burrilville, p-t.. Providence co., R. I., 19 
N. w. Providence, 398 W. Watered by Branch 
r., a tributary of Blackstone r., which affords 
good water power. The soil is rough, but adapt- 
ed to grazing. It has 4 stores, cap. $13,869; 2 
woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 1,056 sp., 5 grist m., 
15 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $39,860. 10 sch. 
448 scholars. Pop. 1,982. 

Burr Oak Grove, p-o., Stephenson co., 111., 
215 N. Springfield, 847 W. 

Burr Oak, p-t., St. Joseph co., Mich., 128 s. 
w. Detroit, 576 W. It has 5 sch. 80 scholars. 
Pop. 286. 

Burr's Mills, p-o., Jefferson co., N. Y., 166 
N. w. Albany, 411 W. 

BuRRsviLLE, p-v., Caroline co., Md., 71 e. 
AnnapoUs, 111 W. 

BuRSHLEY Creek, p-o., Cattahoola par., La., 
251 N. vv. N. Orleans, 1,165 W. 

Burnt Quarters, p-o., Dinwiddie co., Va., 
44 s. by w. Richmond, 163 W. 

Bursonville, p-o., Bucks co.. Pa., 119 e. 
Harrisburg, 184 W. 

Burton, p-t., Cattaraugus co., N. Y., 297 w. 
by s. Albany, 312 W. Watered by Alleghany 
r. and its tributaries. The line of the New 
York and Erie railroad passes through the t. 
Pop. 530. 

Burton, p-t., Geauga co., O., 165 n. e. Colum- 
bus, 330 W. Watered by the head branches of 
Cuyahoga r. It has 6 stores, cap. §6,800 ; 3 grist 
m., 7 saw m., 5 sch. 357 scholars. Pop. 1,022. 

Burton, t., Luzerne co., Pa. It has 1 store, 
cap. $2,000 ; 2 flouring m., 1 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $10,000. Pop. 733. 

Burton, p-o., Parke co., la , 78 w. Indianapo- 
lis, 649 W. 

Burton, p-o., Adams co.. 111. 

Burtons, p-o., Tishamingo co.. Miss. 

Burtonsville, p-o., Charleston t., Montgo- 
mery CO., N. Y. 

Burtonsville, p-o., Greene co., Va., 89 
Richmond, 109 W. 

BuRTONTON, p-o., Copiah co., Miss., 59 s. by 
w. Jackson, 1,076 W. 

BuRWELL Bay, p-o.. Isle of Wliite co., Va., 
69 s. E. Richmond, 192 W. 

BusBAYviLLE, p-o., Houston CO., Ga., 47 s. s. 
w. MiUedgeviUe, 703 W. 

Busbee's Store, p-o.. Wake co., N. C, 9 Ra- 
leigh, 397 W. 

Bush Creek, p-o., Bureau co.. 111., 131 Spring- 
field, 802 W. 

Bush Creek, t., Wasliington co.. Ark. Pop. 298. 

Bush Creek, t., Sciota co., O. It has 2 sch. 
45 scholars. Pop. 401. 

BusHKiLL, p-o.. Pike co., Pa., 142 n. e. Harris- 
burg, 236 W. 

BusiiKiLL,t., Northampton co., Pa. Watered 
by Bushkill cr. The surface is hilly ; the soil, 
white gravel, red shale and slate, and moderately 
fertile. It has 1 store, cap. $3,000 ; 1 forge, 1 
tannery, 4 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. m manufac. 
$3S,506. 3 sch. 160 scholars. Pop. 1,716. 
Bushnell's Basin, p-v., Perrinton t., Monroe 



CO., N. Y., 217 w. by n. Albany, 366 W. Situa- 
ted on the Erie canal, and has 1 Presbyterian 
church, 2 stores, and 12 or 15 dwellings. 

Bush's Mills, p-o., Lewas co., Va., 291 n. w. 
Richmond, 259 W. 

Bush's Store, p-o., Laurel co., Ky., 107 s. s. 
E. Frankfort, 552 W. 

BusHwicK, t.. Kings co., N. Y., 3 e. Brooklyn, 
148 s. Albany. The surface is somewhat bro- 
ken, and the soil moderately good, and well cul- 
tivated. Drained by Newtown cr. It has 10 
stores, cap. $33,000 ; 4 ropewalks. Products 
of the dairy, $13,200. Cap. in manufac. $55,000. 
6 sch. 155 scholars. Pop. 1,295. 

Buskirk's Bridge, p-v., Cambridge t., Wash- 
ington CO., N. Y., 29 N. by e. Albany, 399 W. 
Situated on Hoosick r., and has 2 stores, 1 Dutch 
Reformed church, and about 200 inhabitants. 
Here is a bridge across Hoosick r. 

BiisKviLLE, p-o., Franklin co., Ga., 109 N. by 
E. MiUedgeviUe, 618 W.' 

BusROEN Mills, p-o., Sullivan co., la., 89 s. 
w. Indianapolis, 659 W. 

BusTi, p-t., Chatauque co., N. Y., 323 w. by 
s. Albany, 336 W. The surface is hilly and 
broken, and the soil good. 16 sch. Pop. 1,894. 

BusTLETON, p-v., Philadelphia co., Pa., 110 e. 
by s. Harrisburg, 11 n. e. Philadelphia, 150 W. 

Butler, county, Pa., in the w. part of the 
state, contains 800 sq. ma. Alleghany r. touches 
the CO. in the n. e. and s. e. angle. Drained by 
Shppery Rock and Connequenessing creeks and 
their branches, which flow w. into Beaver river. 
The surface is uneven, but the soil is iertile, and 
adapted both to grain and to grazing. Capital, 
Butler. There were in 1840, neat cattle 26,051, 
sheep 51,191, swine 40,144 ; wheat 254,914 bush, 
produced, rye 107,703, Ind. corn 125,097, buck- 
wheat 91,261, oats 629,179, potatoes 286,158; 59 
stores, cap. $172,850 ; 3 furnaces, 3 fulling m., 4 
woollen fac, 22 tanneries, 13 distilleries, 2 pow- 
der m., 5 potteries, 54 grist m., 64 saw m., 4 oil 
m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. 
in manufac. $249,662. 2acad. 119 students, 131 sch. 
5,252 scholars. Pop. 1830, 14,6S3; 1840, 22,378. 

Butler, county, Ala., in the s. part of the 
state, contains 1,000 sq. ms. Drained by branch- 
es of Conecuh r. The surface is undulating, and 
the soil moderately productive. Capital, Green- 
ville. There were in 1810, neat cattle 5,550, 
sheep 1,112, swine 10,757; wheat 3,198 bushels 
produced, Ind. corn 116,766, oats 4,293, potatoes 
8,392, rice 500 pounds, cotton 696,302 ; 14 stores, 
cap. $55,500 ; 1 cotton fac. 934 sp., 4 tanneries, 
23 grist m., 16 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $41,850. 
6 auad. 236 students, 9 sch. 233 scholars. Pop. 
1830, 5,650 ; 1810, whites 6,192, slaves 2,470, free 
col'd 23 ; total, 8,685. 

Butler, county, Ky., central in the w. part 
of the state. Watered by Green r., which is nav- 
igable through this county. It contains 570 sq. 
ms. Capital, Morgantown. There were in 1840, 
neatcattle5,784, sheep 4,978, swine 2 1,564 ; wheat 
15,313 bush, produced, Ind. corn 183,088, oats 
35,424, potatoes 4,103, tobacco 170,776 pounds, 
cotton 16,109, sugar 10,254, 6 stores, cap. $15,300 ; 
1 tannery, 3 distilleries, 2 flouring m., 7 grist m., 
1 acad. 51 students, 3 sch. 98 scholars. Pop. 1830, 
3,058; 1840, whites 3,379, slaves 515, free col'd 
4 ; total, 3,893. 

Butler, county, O., in the s. w. part of the 
state, contains 480 sq. ms. The Miami r. and 
Miami canal cross it, and it is a populous and 
wealthy CO. Capital, Hamilton. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 21,00-!, slieep 29,172, swine 
68,828 ; wheat 318,720 bush, produced, rye 29,291, 
Indian com 2,243,561, buckwheat 1,760, barley 



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93 



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12,656, oats 550,990, potatoes 46,035, sugar 3S,H6'J 
pounds ; 121 stores, cap. $208,420 ; 2 lumberyards, 
cap. $6,200 ; 1 fulling m., 6 woollen fac, 10 tan- 
neries, 49 distilleries, 2 breweries, 3 potteries, 17 
flouring m., 21 grist m., 33 saw ni., 4 oil m., 2 pa- 
per fac, 3 printing offices, 1 daily, 2 weekly news- 
papers. Cap. in inanufac. $196,775. 2 colleges, 
254 students, 1 acad. 62 students, 79 sch. 3,237 
scholars. Pop. 1830, 27,044 ; 1840, 28,173. 

Butler, p-t., Wayne co., N. Y., 178 w. n. w. 
Albany, 358 W. The surface is rolling, and the 
soil a gravelly loam. It has 1 store, cap. $1,500 ; 
1 tannery, 1 distillery, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. 
in nianufac. $1,500. 11 sch. 735 scholars. Pop. 
2,271. 

BuTLKii, p-b., capital of Butler co., Pa., 203 n. 
N. w. Ilarrisbiirg, 245 W. Situated on Conneque- 
nessing cr. It has a handsome court house, situ- 
ated on a public square, the county offices, a well 
endowed academy, 5 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 
1 Episcopal, 1 Unionist, 1 Methodist, and 1 Ro- 
man Catholic — and about 100 dwellings, 13 stores, 
cap. $61,850 ; 3 tanneries, 1 pottery, 2 printing 
offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. inmanufac. 
$30,100. 2 acad. 119 students, 2 sch. 125 schol- 
ars. Pop. 861. 

Butler, t., Butler co., Pa. It has 1 tannery, 

I brewery, 2 powder m., 4 grist m., 7 saw m., 1 
oil m. Cap. in manufac. $41,702. 14 sch. 359 
scholars. Pop. 1,384. 

Butler, t., Luzerne co.. Pa. It has 1 store, 
cap. $3,000; 1 flouring m., 9 saw m. Capital in 
manufac. 7,100. 2 sch. 80 scholars. Pop. 514. 

Butler, p-o., De Kalb co., la., 145 n. n. e. In- 
dianapolis, 553 W. 

Butler, t.. Branch co., Mich. Watered by 
Hog r. It has 3 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 234. 

Butler, t., Columbiana co., O. It has 7 sch. 
39 scholars. Pop. 1,711. 

Butler, t., Dark co., O. Pop. 1,116. 

Butler, t., Mercer co., O. Pop. 178. 

Butler, t., Montgomery co., O. It contains 5 
grist m., 4 saw m., 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 5 dis- 
tilleries, and 1 woollen fac. Pop. 1,896. 

Butler's Landixg, p-v., Jacfcon co., Tenn., 
85 N. E. Nashville, 636 W., on Cumberland r. 15 
ms. from Gainesboro. 

Butler's Mills, p-o., Montgomery co., N. C, 
106 s. w. Raleigh, 380 W. 

Butlersville, p-o., Wan-en co., O., 94 n. e. 
Columbus, 466 W. 

Butterfly, p-o., New Haven t, Oswego co., 
N. Y., 161 N. w. Albany, 386 W. 

Butter Hill, a high and steep eminence on 
the w. of Hudson r. at the n. entrance of the 
" Highlands." 

Buttermilk Channel, the passage between 
Governors Island and Long Island, in the harbor 
of New York. 

Buttermilk Falls, N. Y., a picturesque and 
beautiful cascade on the w. bank of the Hudson 
r., 2 ms. below West Point. 

Butternuts, p-t., Otsego co., N. Y., 94 w.by 
S. Albany, 341 W. The surface is hilly, and the 
soil red shale, on slate and sandstone. Drained 
by Butternut cr. and Unadilla r. It has 8 stores, 
cap. $39,200 ; 4 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 3 grist m., 

II saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $98,120. 
18 sch. 796 scholars. Pop. 4,057. 

Butts, county, Ga., in the central part of the 
state, contains 420 sq. ms. The Ockinulgce river 
runs on its e. border. Capital, Jackson. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 4,666, sheep 2,522, swine 
15,046: wheat 34,637 bush, produced, rye 562, 
Indian corn 224,395, oats 28,313, potatoes 5,385, 
cotton 926,659 pounds ; 24 stores, cap. $63,429 ; 



11 grist m., 6 saw m.. 1 acad. 64 students, 4 sch. 
120 scholars. Pop. 1830, 4,944: 1840, wliites 
3,285, slaves 2,022, free col'd 1 ; total, 5,308. 

BuTZTOWN, p-o., Northampton co., Pa., 97 N. 
e. Harrisburg, 190 W. 

Buxton, p-t., York co.. Me., 65 s. w. Augusta, 
532 W. Incorporated in 1772. Saco r. runs on 
its s. w. border, and has here a fall of about 80 
feet, which furnishes a very extensive water 
power. It has 12 stores, cap. $6,650 ; 2 fulling m., 
6 tanneries, 1 pottery, 2 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $24,133. 15 sch. 1,271 scholars. Pop. 
2,688. 

Buxton Centre, p-o., Buxton t., York co,, 
Me., 66 s. w. Augusta, 535 W. 

Buzzard's Bay, lies on the s. coast of Ms., 30 
ms. lung, and 7 broad, at an average width. From 
the head of this bay, a canal has been proposed 
across Cape Cod, a distance of only 5 ms. This 
would often save a tedious navigation round the 
cape ; and it is a wonder that, a work so easily 
accomplished, has not been effected. 

Buzzard's Roost, p-o., Franklin co., Ala., 147 
N. by w. Tuscaloosa, 800 W. 

Byberry, p-t., Philadelphia co.. Pa., 113 e. by 
s. Harrisburg, 155 W. Watered by Poqnessing 
cr. Soil, sandy loam. First settled in 1682. It 
has 5 stores, cap. $8,850 ; 2 flouring m., 3 saw m. 
Cap. in inanufac. $11,500. 1 acad. 26 students, 
5 sch. 183 scholars. Pop. 1,055 

Byersville, p-o., Sparta t., Livingston co., N. 
Y., 249 w. Albany, 339 W. 

Bye.sville, p-o., Guernsey co., O., 82 e. Co- 
lumbus, 322 W. 

Byfield, p-v., Essex co., Ms., 35 n. by E.Bos- 
ton, 468 W. It is a parish partly in Newbury t., 
and partly in Rowley town. It has a fertile soil, 
which is under good cultivation. Parker r. has 
falls, whicli afford good water power. Dummer 
academy, located here, was founded in 1756, by 
a handsome donation, and named after its founder, 
the Lt. Governor of the province. 

Byram, r., in the s. w. part of Ct., separates 
this state from the state of N. Y. It enters Long 
Island Sound. 

Byram, t., Sussex co., N. J., 8 s. e. Newton. It 
lies on South Mountain, and the surface is very 
uneven. Drained by the Musconetcong r., which 
runs on its s. border. It has 4 stores, cap. $43,000 ; 
4 forges, 1 distillery, 2 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $34,360. 8 sch. 224 scholars. Pop. 
1,153. 

Byrd, t., Cape Girardeau co.. Miss. It has 5 
sch. 123 scholars. Pop. 2,.575. 

Byrnville, p-v., Fulton t., Schoharie co., N. 
Y., 46 w. by s. Albany, 384 W. It contahis 1 
store, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., and 12 or 15 dwellings. 

Byron, p-o., Oxford co., Me., 56s. w. Augusta, 
633 W. It has 4 ach. 90 scholars. Pop. 219. 

Byron, p-t., Genesee co., N. Y., 10 n. e. Bata- 
via, 243 w. by n. Albany, 384 W. The surface 
is level, and the soil generally fertile, and well 
cultivated. Drained by Black cr., which furnish- 
es water power. It has several sulphur springs. 
The V. has 3 stores, 2 churches, 1 flouring m., 1 
saw m., 30 dwellmgs, and 200 inhabitants. In the 
t., are 4 stores, cap. $20,(R)0 ; 2 fulling m., 1 flour- 
ing m., 3 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
.$4,300. 9 sch. 400 scholars. Pop. 1,907. 

Byron, p-v., Sluawassee co., Mich., 72 n. w. 
Detroit, 589 W. 

BvRON, p-o., Laporte co., la. 

Byron, p-v., Ogle co., 111., 187 n. Springfield, 
820 W. 

Byron Forge, p-o., Stewart co., Tenn., 65 n. 
w. Nashville, 749 W. 



CAD 



94 



CAH 



Cabahatchee, p-o., Macon co., Ala., 133 s. 
E. Tuscaloosa, 818 W. 

Cabarrus, county, N. C. Situated in the s. 
part of the state, containing 300 sq. ms. The 
surface is broken, and some of it mountainous, 
and the soil fertile. Drained by the upper 
sources of Rocky r., which falls into the Yad- 
kin r. Capital, Concord. There were in 1810, 
neat cattle 10,816, sheep 9,142, swine 21,600; 
wheat 86,300 bu.sh. produced, rye 2,031, Ind. 
corn 418,180, barley 366, oats 51,993, potatoes 
17,276, silk cocoons 174 pounds, cotton 4,568,726 ; 
15 stores, cap. $78,475 ; value of gold produced, 
$3,761 ; 1 smelting house, 7 tanneries, 2 distil- 
leries, 18 flouring m., 20 grist m., 12 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. .91,800. 4 acad. 107 students, 
22 sch. 513 scholars. Pop. 1830, 8,796; 1840, 
whites 6,971, slaves 2,179, free col'd 109; total, 
9,259. 

Cabell, county, Va., in the w. part of the 
state, on the Ohio r. It contains about 1,000 sq. 
ras. Drained by Guyandott r., which runs 
through it, and Big Sandy r., on its w. border. 
The .surface is broken, and in some parts moun- 
tainous, and much of the soil is indiflferent. 
Capital, Barboursville. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 9,261, sheep 9,631, swine 19,606; 
wheat 39.327 bush, produced, rye 500, Ind. com 
379,121, oats 96,285, potatoes 17,138, .silk co- 
coons 35 pounds, tobacco 6,375 ; 22 stores, cap. 
67,600; 4 tanneries, 2 flouring m., 13 grist m., 8 
sawm. Cap. in manufac. $32,3;)0. I acad. 15 
.students, 12 sch. 324 scholars. Pop. 183'J, 5,884 ; 
1840, whites 7,574, slaves 567, free col'd 22 ; 
total, 8,163. 

Cabeen'.s, p-o.. Union co.. Ark., 108 s. Little 
Rock, 1,173 W. 

Cabin Creek, p-o., Lewis co., Ky., 92 n. e. 
Frankfort, 471 W. 

Cabin Hill, p-o., Andes t., Delaware co., N. 
Y., 85 s. w. Albany, 345 W. 

Cabi.'v Point, p-v., Surry co., Va., 43 ,s. E. 
Richmond, 166 W. Situated near Chipoak cr., 
and contains a store, and 18 or 20 dwellings. 

Cabot, p-t., Caledonia, co., Vt., 20 n. e. Mont- 
pelier, 535 W. Drained by the head waters of 
Onion r. Some of its waters flow E. into Con- 
necticut r. The surface is rough, and the soil is 
chiefly adapted to grazing. Chartered in 1781, 
and first settled in 1785. It contains a Congre- 
gational and a Methodist church. It has 4 stores, 
cap. $10,000; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tan- 
neries, 1 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$13,750. 15 sch. 450 scholars. Pop. 1,440. 

Cabotville, p-v., Springlield t., Hampden co., 
Mass., 95 w. by s. Boston, 367 w. Situated on 
tlie E. side of Connecticut r., at tlve entrance of 
Chickapee r. It contains 3 churches, 1 Congre- 
gational 1 Unitari., and IBap. 3 cotton fac, 2 fac. of 
machinery, and several stores and dwellings. 

Cache, t., Greene co.. Ark. It has 1 sch. 25 
scholars. Pop. 804. 

Cache, t., Monroe co.. Ark. It has 1 sch. 17 
scholars. Pop. 372. 

Cade's Cove, p-o., Blovmt co., Tenn., 199 e. 
by S.Nashville, 527 W. 

Caddo, parish. La. Situated in the n. w. 
corner of the state, between Red r. on the e. 
and the Sabine r. on the s. w. The surface 
is level or slightly uneven, and the soil mo- 
derately good. It has Caddo lake, a consider- 
able body of water, in its n. part, and Red r. 
on its eastern boundary. Capital, Shreveport. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,310, sheep 144, 



c. 

I swine 14,927 ; Ind. com 177,515 bush, produced, 
potatoes 45,230, cotton 2,891,300 pounds; 16 
stores, cap. $134,300 ; 1 tannery, 3 saw m., 1 
printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 2 acad. 45 
students, 3 sch. 42 scholars. Pop. whites 2,416, 
slaves 2,837, free col'd 29 ; total, 5,282. 
Caddo, t., Clark co.. Ark. Pop. 661. 
Caddo Cove, t.. Hot Spring co., Ark. It has 
1 sch. 27 scholars. Pop. 207. 

Cadiz, p-t., capital of Harrison co., O., 114 E. 
N. e. Columbus, 284 W. It is a flourishing agri- 
cultural t., with a handsome village, where is a 
large brick court house, 2 large brick Presbyte- 
rian churches, and a Methodist church. There 
are in the v., 1 acad. 20 students, 3 sch. 253 
scholars. Pop. 1,028. In the t., 1 acad. 25 stu- 
dents, 5 sch. 327 scholars. Pop. 1,366. 

Cadiz, p-v., Trigg co., Ky. Situated on the 
bank of Little r., 9 ms. from Cumberland r. It has 
a court house, church, and a male and female 
seminary. It stands on a beautiful eminence, 
has some trade, particularly in tobacco, and con- 
tains about 450 inhabitants. 

Cadiz, p-v., Henry co., la., 45 e. n. k. Indian- 
apolis, 455 W. 
Cadron, t., Conway co.. Ark. Pop. 312. 
Cadvvallader, p-o.. Perry t., iTuscarawas 
CO., O., 95 E. by N. Columbus, 38 W. 

Cadvville, p-v., Plattsburg t, Clinton co., N. 
Y., 173 N. Albany, 548 W. Situated on the 
Saranac r., and contains 2 stores, 1 grist m., 2 
saw m., and about 25 dwellings. 

Caesar's Creek, t.. Green co., O. Watered 
by Caesar's Creek, a branch of the Little Miami 
r. It is a flourishing agricultural t. It has 2 
distilleries. Pop. 1,736. 

Caernarvon, t., Berks co.. Pa. It has2 stores, 
cap. $10,000 ; 1 flouring m., 3 grist m., 3 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $3,150. Pop. 830. 

Caeknarvon, t., Lancaster co.. Pa. It has 7 
stores, cap. $21,400; 2 forges, 1 fulling m., 1 
woollen factory, 3 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 4 
floui-ing m., 6 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $9,190. 7 sch. 210 scholars. Pop. 1,590. 

Cahaba, river, Ala., 120 ms. long. It rises in 
St. Clair co., and flows s. into the Alabama r., at 
Cahaba v., in Dallas co., 195 above its junction 
with the Tombigbee r. 

Cahaba, p-v., capital of Dallas co., Ala., 92 s. 
s. E. Tuscaloosa, 853 W. Situated on the w. 
bank of the Alabama r., just below the junction 
of the Cahaba r. It contains a court house, jail, 
a U. S. land office, and several stores and 
dwellings. 

Cahokia, p-v., St. Clair co.. 111., 98 s. by w. 
Springfield, 811 W. Situated on the e. bank of 
the Mississippi r., 5 s. e. St. Louis. It is an old 
French settlement, and was one of the earliest 
in Illinois, having been established about 1683. 
At the commencement of the revolutionary war, it 
contained 50 families, and was early the seat of 
a considerable fur trade. 

Cahokia, creek. 111., rises in Macoupin co., 
and empties into the Mississippi r. 2 ms. below 
the ferry at St. Louis. Through the American 
bottoms near its mouth, its course is sluggish, and 
a mill dam backs the water for 15 miles. It 
formerly passed the village of Cahokia, but a 
mischievous Frenchman, from some pique against 
the village, cut a channel from the creek to the 
Mississippi, which has since become its outlet. 
Along its borders are GO or 70 mounds, of various 
shapes and sizes. 
Cahoes, or Cahoos Falls, on the Mohawk 



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95 



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r., N. y., 3 ms. above the mouth of the r. The 
falls are 70 feet perpendicular, and when the 
river is full, present a f^rand speclacle. The 
banks below are formed by perpendicular rocks, 
about 100 feet high. The Erie canal passes 
along the s. bank of the r., has a number of 
locks, and crosses the r. a littlf above the falls, 
in an aqueduct. About a mile below, the r. is 
crossed by a bridge, and the Charaplain canal 
crosses it by means of a dam. 

Cain, t., "Fountain co., la. It has 602 scholars 
in schools. Pop. 1,567. 

Cain's, p-o., Lancaster co.. Pa., 56 s. by e. 
Harrisburg, 131 W. 

Cain's, p-o., Gwinnett co., Ga., 100 n. n w. 
Milledgeville, 63^ W. 

Cainsville, p-o., Wilson co., Tenn., 31 e. oy 
N. Nashville, 650 W. 

Ca Ira, p-v., Cumberland co., Va., 57 w. by 
s. Richmond, 147 W. Situated on Willis's river, 
which is navigable to Curdsville 12 ms. above 
this place, 60 ms. from its mouth. It contains a 
church, free to all denominations, 3 stores, 1 
flouring m., 1 tobacco warehouse, and various 
mechanic shops, 40 dwellings, and about 240 in- 
habitants. 

Caiiio, p-t., Green co., N. Y., 10 w. Catskill, 
44 s. s. w. Albany, 346 W. The surface of the 
t. is hilly and mountainous, but the soil in the 
valleys is fertile. Watered by Catsldll cr. and 
its tributaries. The v. has 1 Presbyterian, 1 
Episcopal, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist churcli, 6 
stores, 1 woollen fac, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 tan- 
nery, and 1 hat fac, 60 dwelUugs, and 400 in- 
habitants. It contains the county poor-house, with 
a farm of 100 acres attached. There are in the 
1. 10 stores, cap. $24,8O0 ; 2 woollen fac, 1 tan- 
nery, 4 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manulac. 
$4S,000. 8 sch. 252 scholars. Pop. 2,862. 

Cairo, p-o., Edgefield dist., S. C, 115 e. s. e. 
Columbia, 563 W. 

Cairo, pv., Henderson co., Ky., 209 w. by s. 
Frankfort, 736 W. 

Cairo, p-o., Decatur co., Ga., 209 s. s. w. Mil- 
ledgeville, 866 W. Situated on Little r. 

Cairo, p-v., Sumner co., Tenn., 31 n. n. e. 
Nashville, 662 W. Situated on N. side of Cum- 
berland r. 

Cairo, p-v., Alexandria co., 111., 233 s. by e. 
Springfield, 867 W. It is situated on tlie point 
of land formed by the junction of the Oliio with 
the Mississippi r., extending from river to river. 
The situation is important ; but the ground is low, 
and liable to be overflowed, wluch Ibmis a great 
check to its growth and prosperity. Here is in- 
tended to commence the Great Central rail-road, 
extending northwardly tlirough the state, with 
lateral branches. 

Calabee, p-o., Macon co., Ala. 

Calais, p-t., Washington co.. Me., 200 e. n. e. 
Augusta, 786 W. It is situated at the head of na- 
vigation on the St. Croix or Scho(xUc r., nearly 
opposite to St. Andrews, N. Brunswick. It has 
an upper and a lower village, wliich arc about 2 
miles apart, and connected by a railroad. The 
falls in the r. liere alford a very extensive water 
power. Below the lower I'alls is a bridge, which 
crosses to the British side. The tide here rises 
2J feet, and vessels of the largest class ascend to 
the lower village. It has 3 for. commercial 
houses, cap. $370,000 ; 30 stores, cap. $81,005 ; 6 
lumber yards, cap. $71,000 ; 1 grist m., 20 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $130,820. 10 sch. 1,217 schol- 
ars. Pop. 2,934. 

Calais, p-t., Washington co., Vt., 10 n. e. 
Montpelier, 526 W. Watered by branches ot 
Onion r. It is a good grazing t., and several! 



ponds afford fine trout in great abundance. It 
has 1 store, cap. $4,000 ; 1 tannery, 2 saw ra., 4 
oil m. Cap. in manufac. $6,700. 17 sch. 487 
scholars. Pop. 1,709. 

Calais, p-o., Monroe co., O. 

Calcasieu, river of La., rises in the parish of 
Natchitoches, s. w. of Red r. ; towards its mouth 
it expands into a lake, 30 miles long, and from 1 
to 10 wide, but contracts again to a river, before 
its enlrance into the Gulf of Mexit'o. The tide 
Hows above the head of the lake ; but both the r. 
and lake are so shallow, as to be of little service 
ibr navigation. 

Calcasieu, parish, La. Situated in the vv. 
part of the state between the Mermentou and Sa- 
bine rivers. It contams about 5,000 sq. ms. 
Drained centrally by the Calcasieu rivers. 
Capital, Lisbon. There were in 1840, neat cat- 
tle 13,557, sheep 552, swine 4,564; Ind. corn 
16,670 bush, produced, potatoes 6,3S7, cotton 
45,600, sugar 6,000 ; 4 stores, cap. $28,500 ; 1 tan- 
nery. Cap. in manufac. .$1,575. 2 sch. 28 
scholars. Pop. whites 1,319, slaves 482, free 
col'd 226 ; total, 2,057. 

Calcutta, p-v., St. Clair t., Columbiana co., 
O., 163 N. E. Columbus, 270 W. It has 1 sch. 
35 scholars. Pop. 135. 

Caldwell, county, N. C, in the n. w. part 
of the stale. Drained liy Yadkin r. The sur- 
face is broken, excepting the bottoms on the r., 
which are broad and very fertile, producing 
large crops of gi-ain of all kinds. The Blue 
Ridge lies on its n. border. Capital, Lenoir. 
(Organized since the census of 1810.) 

Caldwell, parish. La., lies on the Ouachitta 
or Washita r. It contains about 560 sq. ms. 
On the E. side of the r. the soil is alluvial ; on the 
w. side, fine hills extend to Red r. Capital, 
Columbia. Pop. 2,017. 

Caldwell, county, Ky. Situated in the w. 
part of the state, and contains 600 sq. ms. Sur- 
face generally level ; soil fertile. It has the 
Tennessee r. on its s. w. boundary, and Cumber- 
land r. pa.^ses centrally through tiie comity. Cap- 
ital, Princeton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
11,191, sheep 10,045, swine 35,189 ; wheat 53,109 
bush, produced, rye 2,113, Ind. corn 601,265, 
oats 101,367, potatoes 15,995, tobacco 2,567,625 
pounds, cotton 17,154, sugar 8,205; 29 stores, 
cap. $130,100; 1 furnace, 1 forge, 6 tanneries, 
13 distilleries, 2 potteries, 4 flouring m., 38 grist 
m., 9 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly news- 
paper. Cap. in manufac: $71,192. 1 college, 76 
students, 3 acad. 69 students, 16 sch. 377 schol- 
ars. Pop. whites 8,091, slaves 2,171, free col'd 
103 ; total, 10,365. 

Caldwell, county. Mo. Situated in the n. 
w. part of the state, contains 432 sq. ms. The 
surface is level, and the soil fertile. Drained by 
Shoal cr., and has good water power. Capital, 
Far West. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
1,495, sheep 693, swine 5,056 ; wheat 4,079 bush, 
produced, Ind. corn 62,282, oats 15,190, potatoes 
3,510, tobacco 2,950 pounds ; 6 stores, cap. 
$12,400. Pop. whites 1,397, slaves 61 ; total, 1,458. 

Caldwell, p-t., Warren co., N. Y., 63 n. Al- 
bany, 436 W. The t. is hilly and mountainous, 
The V. is delightfully situated on the s. w.end 
of Lake George, and contains a court house, jail, 
county clerk's office, 1 church, 2 stores, 1 grist 
m., 1 saw m., 1 plaster m., situated on Mill brook. 
It has 35 dwellings, and 200 hdiabitants. The 
ruins of Fort William Henry and Fort George, 
fiimous in the history of the French war, are 
near this place. Lake George, on which a steam- 
boat runs regularly, between Caldwell and the 
outlet near Ticonderoga, a distance of 36 miles. 



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presents most romantic scenery, and is greatly 
resorted to in the summer season, by visiters to 
Saratoga, and others. Pop. of the t. 693. There 
are in £he t., 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $9,500. 6 sch. 239 scholars. Pop. 693. 

Caldwell, p-t., Essex co., N. J., 60 n. n. e. 
Trenton, 230 W. Drained by Deep and Green 
brooks, tributaries of the Passaic. It has a num- 
ber of mills, and considerable manufactures. 
Tlie surface, excepting along the streams, is roll- 
ing or mountainous. It has 4 stores, cap. $6,500 ; 
1 fiUling ra., 1 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 166 sp., 
1 tannery, 1 bindery, 3 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $36,715. 1 acad. 22 stiadents, 7 sen. 
310 scholars. Pop. 2,184. 

Caldwell, p-o., Greenville dist., S. C, 124 n. 
w. Columbia, 486 W. 

Caldwell, p-v., Caldwell par., Louisiana, 
283 N. w. JNew Orleans, 1,197 W. Situated 
on the E. side of Washita r., on the border of 
Prairie du Lait. 

Caldwell, p-o., Pulaski co., Ark., 24 Little 
Rock, 1,089 W. 

Caledo.ma, county, Vt. Situated toward 
the N. e. part of the state, and contains 700 sq. 
ms. Connecticut r. runs on its s. e. border. 
The E. range of the Green mountains extend.s 
through its w. part. The surface is high, and the 
soil is good, and along the streams, is particularly 
fertile. Pasumpsic r. runs through it, and enters 
the Connecticut r. The head branches of 
Onion and Lamoile rivers rise in its w. part. It 
contains granite, limestone, and a number of 
sulphur springs. Capital, Danville. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 32,668, sheep 100,886, 
swine 18,991; wheat 52,109 bush, produced, 
Jnd. corn 52,350, barley 12,291, oats 342,433, rye 
1,799, potatoes 1,066,848, hops 2,011 pounds, sugar 
665,397 ; 53 stores, cap. ,$212,200 ; 1 furnace, 18 
fulling ra., 9 woollen fac, 27 tanneries, 3 potte- 
ries, 30 grist m., 107 saw m., 3 oil m., 2 printing 
offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. 
$354,790. 4 acad. 322 students, 205 sch. 7,3J8 
scholars. Pop. 1840, 21,891. 

Caledonia, p-t., Livingston co., N. Y., 229 
w. Albany, 363 W. The surface is undulating, 
and the soil, a fertile calcareous loam. Watered 
by the Genesee r., on the e. On the w. a sjwing 
sends forth an efficient mill-stream. The v. con- 
tains 2 chmches, 4 stores, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m., 
1 brewery, 70 dwellings, and about 450 inhabi- 
tants. There are in the t., 1 furnace, 5 stores, 
cap. $19,080 ; 1 tannery, 1 brewery, 1 grist m., 2 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $12,800, 12 sch. 521 
scholars. Pop. 1,987. 

Caledonia, p-o., Clearfield co., Pa., 138 n. 
w. Harrisburg, 230 W. 

Caledonia, p-v., Moore co., N. C, 85 s. w. 
Raleigh, 359 W. 

Caledonia, p-v., Claridon t., Marion co., O., 
■ 52 N. Columbus, 408 W. It is situated on the 
w. branch of Olentangy or Whetstone r., and 
contains a church, 2 stores, and 18 or 20 dwell- 
ings. There are some mills in the vicinity. 

Caledonia, p-v., Lowndes co., Miss., 157 n. 
E. Jackson, 888 W. 

Caledonia, p-v., Henry co., Tenn., 124 w. by 
N. Nashville, 814 W. 

Caledonia; p-v., Alexander co., 111., 229 s. 
Springfield, 846 W. Situated on the Ohio, 13 
ms. above its junction with the Mississippi. 

Caledonia, p-v., Washington co.. Mo., 117 s. 
E. Jefllsrson city, 891 W. Situated on the s. side 
of Big r., in the midst of a rich mineral region. 

Caledonia, t., Shiawassee co., Mich. It has 
1 store, cap. $1,000 ; 1 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $5,000. Pop. 114. 



Calhoun, county, Florida, situated in the s. 
w. part of the ter., and contains 1,100 sq. m. It 
lies on the Apalachicola r., and has the Gulf of 
Mexico on the s. A narrow strip of elevated 
pine land borders the shore. The soil is sandy. 
Capital, St. Joseph. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 1,484, sheep 29, swine 966; Indian corn 
4,550 bushels produced, potatoes 4,495, rice 5,000 
pounds; 7 com. houses, cap. $51,500; 10 stores, 
cap. $63,100; 9 lumber yards, cap. $8,550; 2 
grist m., 2 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly 
newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $22,300. 3 acad. 
52 students, 5 sch. 103 scholars. Population, 
1,142. 

Calhoun, county, Mich., is central in tlie s. 
part of the state, and contains 720 sq. ms. Wa- 
tered by the head branches of the Kalamazoo r., 
and by St. Joseph's r. Organized in 1833. The 
surface is undulating, and the soil a rich sandy 
loam. It has valuable quarries of sandstone on 
Kalamazoo r., used as a building material. It 
has extensive water power. Capital, Marshall. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 9,557, sheep 
3,057, swine 18,308 ; wheat 176,630 bushels pro- 
duced, Ind. corn 140,971, buckwheat 3,388, bar- 
ley 20,553, oats 179,177, potatoes 132,319, sugar 
19,755 pounds ; 33 stores, cap. $212,200 ; 4 distil- 
leries, 10 (louring m., 5 grist m., 29 saw m., 2 
printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in 
manufac. $238,260. 2 acad. 88 students, 96 sch. 
2,157 scholars. Pop. 10,599. 

Calhoun, county. 111., situated in the w. part 
of the state, between the Illinois and Mississippi 
rivers. It contains about 240 sq. ms., and con- 
sists of table land and strips of alluvion, on the 
Mississippi and Illinois rivers. Capital, Gilead. 
There were in 1S40, neat cattle 2,705, sheep 860, 
swine 6,097 ; wheat 2,791 bushels produced, Ind. 
corn 72,030, buckwheat 205, oats 3,810, potatoes 
5,673, sugar 1,460 pounds, tobacco .530; 8 stores, 
cap. 16,800 ; 1 lumber yard, cap. $4,000 ; 2 grist 
m. Cap. in manufac. $32,425. 5 schools, 119 
scholars. Pop. 1,741. 

Calhoun, p-v., Anderson dist., S. C, 115 w. 
N. w. Columbia, 525 W. 

Calhoun, p-v., Lumpkin co., Ga., ISO n. n. w. 
MiUedgeville, 639 W. 

Calhoun, p-v., McMinn co., Tenn., 168 s. w. 
Knoxville, 569 W. Situated on the n. side of 
Hiawassec river. 

Calhoun, p-v., Henry co.. Mo., 117 w. by S. 
JefTerson city, 1,053 W. 

Calhoun's Mills, p-o., Abbeville dist., S. 
C, 94 w.by N. Columbia, 511 W. 

Caliboge Sound, S. C, sets up from the 
Atlantic, 7 n. e. of the entrance of Savannah 
river. 

California, p-o., Cole co.. Mo., 25 s. w. Jef- 
ferson city, 961 W. 

Callaghan's, p-o., Alleghany co., Va., 191 
w. by N. Richmond, 228 W. Situated at the 
junction of the roads leading to the Warm, Sweet, 
and White Sulphur Springs. 

Calland's, p-o., Pittsylvania co., Va., 174 vv. 
s. w. Richmond, 257 W. 

Callaway, county, Ky. Situated in the w. 
part of the state, and contains 600 square miles. 
It lies on the Tennessee r., which bounds it on the 
E. Drained by Clark's r., which passes through 
the middle of it. Capital, Wadesboro. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 9,227, sheep 7,758, swine 
39,520; wheat 54,911 bushels produced, Indian 
corn 157,818, oats 65,903, potatoes 11,428, tobac- 
co 143,192 pomids, cotton 93,471, sugar 2,421 ; 
16 stores, cap. $42,800; 7 tanneries, 26 distil- 
leries, 3 (louring m., 10 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $4,010. 18 sch. 206 scholars. Pop. 



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97 



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1840, whites, 8,870, slaves 911, free colored 13; 
totnl, 9,791. 

Callaway, county, Mo., situated in the cen- 
tral part of the state, and lies on the Missouri r., 
which bounds it on the s. It contains 760 square 
miles. The surface is undulating, and the soil 
excellent. Drained by Big and Little Au Vase 
creeks. Capital, Fulton. There were hi 1840, 
neat cattle 11,693, sheep 13,666, swine 29,493; 
wheat 33,909 bushels produced, rye 1,915, Ind. 
corn, 331,559, oats 127,057, potatoes 2,6S6, tobac- 
co 391,312 pounds, sugar 12,353; 24 stores, cap. 
$116,400; 6 woollen foe, 9 tanneries, 9 distille- 
ries, 1 rope fac, 5 flouring ra., 34 grist m., 7 saw 
m., 2 oil m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly news- 
paper. Cap. in inanufac. $33,510. 2 acad. 61 
students, 40 sch. 964 scholars. Pop. 1830, 6,159 ; 
1840, whites 8,601, slaves 3,142, free col'd 22; 
total, 11,765. 

Callaway's Mills, p-o., Franklin co., Va., 
182 w. s. w. Richmond, 257 W. 

Callensburg, p-v., Toby t.. Clarion co., Pa., 
190 w. N. w. Harrisburg, 276 W. 

Calumet, county. Wis., situated in the n. e. 
part of the ter. Winnebago lake lies on its w. 
border. It contains 300 square ms. Drained by 
the head branches of Manitowoc r. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 255, swine 438; wheat 1,192 
bushels produced, Ind. corn 3,619, potatoes 3,803. 
Cap. in manufac. $1,000. Poj). 275. 

Calumet Village, p-v., Calumet co.. Wis., 
110 N. E. Madison, 957 W. Situated on the E. 
shore of Lake Winnebago. 

Calumet, t.. Pike co., Jilo. It has 5 sch. 142 
scholars. Pop. 2,743. 

Calvary, t., Franklin co.. Mo. It has 1 sch. 
16 scholars. Pop. 779. 

Calvary, p-o., Athens co., O., 82 s. e. Colum- 
bus, 348 W. 

Calvert, county, Md., situated in the s. part 
of the state, on Chesapeake Bay, which forms 
its e. boundary. It contains 264 square miles. 
The siu-face is undulating. Capital, Piince 
Frederick Town. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 6,487, sheep 6,601, swine 12,617; wheat 
36,932 bushels produced, Ind. corn 166,592, oats 
55,775, potatoes 6,056, tobacco 3,689 695 pounds ; 
26 stores, cap. $45,520; 25 grist m., 1 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $13,515. 5 acad. 58 students, 
8 schools, 175 scholars. Pop. 1830, 8,899 ; 1840, 
wliites 3,585, slaves 4,270, free col'd 1,474; 
total, 9,229. 

Calvin, t., Cass co., Mich. It has 1 grist m., 
1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,100. 1 sch. 44 
scholars. Pop. 209. 

Camak, p-o., Warren co., Ga., 48 n. e. Milledge- 
ville, 622 W. It is a depot on the Georgia rail- 
road. 

C AMANCHE, p-v., and capital of Clinton county, 
Iowa, 60 E. Iowa city, 912 W. Situated on the 
w. side of the Mississippi r. 

Cambria, p-o.,' Luzerne co., Pa., 104 n. n. e. 
Harrisburg, 215 W. 

Cambria, county. Pa., central in the w. part 
of the state, and contains 720 square miles. It 
occupies a valley between the main branch of 
the Alleghany mountains and Laurel ridge. 
The railroad from Hollidaysburg passes over the 
mountain, on its eastern border, and terminates at 
Johnstown, in the s. part of this county, connect- 
ing the parts of the Pennsylvania canal. The 
surface is rough, and in some parts mountainous, 
and the soil moderately good. Drained by the 
head waters of the Kiskiminitas or Connemaugh 
r., and also of the w. branch of the Susquehanna 
river. There were in 1840, neat cattle 8,518, 
sheep 11,461, swine 10,769; wheat 31,421 bush. 
13 



prod., rye 22,704, Indian com 31,943, buckwheat 
15,827,barley 1.473, oats 114,470, potatoes 87,856, 
hops 503 pounds, sugar 27,53 J ; 10 com. houses 
in for. trade, cap. $5,900; 32 stores, cap. $88,800 ; 
2 lumberyards, cap. $1,(X)0; 6 tanneries, 1 brew- 
ery, 1 pottery, 1 rope fac, 20 grist m., 60 saw m., 
1 printing office, 1 vi'eekly newspaper. Cap. in 
manufac. $32,852. 71 sch. 269 scholars. Pop. 
1830, 7,076; 1840, 11,256. 

Cambria, p-t., Niagara co., N. Y., 283 w. by 
N. Albany, 406 W. The surface is generally 
level, and the soil sandy and calcareous loam. 
It has 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $6,050. 17 sch. 759 scholars. Pop. 2,090. 

Cambria, t., Cambria co.. Pa. The surface 
is hilly ; soil, clay and sand. Drained by Black 
Lick cr. and the n. branch of Little Connemaugh 
r. Ebensburg b., in this t., is the capital of the 
CO. It has a commanding situation on the Alle- 
ghany mountains, and contains 3 churches — 1 
Baptist, 1 Congregationalist, and 1 Roman Catho- 
lic — and about 40 dwellings. The t. has 7 si ores, 
cap. $23,800 ; 1 tannery, 1 printing office, 1 week- 
ly paper, 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$4,830. 8 sch. 320 scholars. Pop. 1,156. 

Cambria, p-o., Hillsdale co., Mich. 

Cambridge, p-t., Somerset co., Me., 63 n. Au- 
gusta, 658 W. It has 1 store, cap. $500 ; 2 grist 
7n., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,000. 5 sch. 
198 scholars. Pop. 461. 

Cambridge, p-t., Lamoille co., Vt, 48 n. w. 
Montpelier. The Lamoille r. runs through this t., 
and, with its branches, furnishes some mill seats. 
'The interval land on the r. is fertile ; the surface, 
generally, is rough, but suited to grazing. First 
settled in 1783. It has 8 stores, cap. $15,500 ; 2 
fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $3,150. 17 sch. 530 scholars. Pop. 
1,790. 

Cambridge, p-t., semi-capital of Middlesex co., 
Ms., 3 N. w. Boston, 437 W. In 42° 22' n. lat., 
and 71° 7' 38" w. Ion. This is one of the early 
towns in New England, having been first settled 
m 1631, under the name of Newtown. It is 
the seat of Harvard University, formerly called 
Harvard College, the oldest college in the United 
States, having been founded in 1638, which was 
less than 20 years after the first landing of the 
Pilgrims at Plymouth. Cambridge contains a 
court house and jail, state arsenal, and 5 churches 
— 2 Unitarian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, and 1 Uni- 
versalist. The courts are alternately held here 
and at Concord. The court house and jail are at 
E. Cambridge, at Lechmere's Point, a village at 
the s. E. extremity of the town, which is con- 
nected with Boston and Charlestown by bridges. 
Here is a large glass manufactory. 

Harvard University has a president and 27 pro- 
fessors, or other instructors ; has had 5,546 alum- 
ni, of whom 1,406 have been ministers of the gos- 
pel ; has 246 classical students, and 53,000 .vol- 
umes in its libraries. The commencement is on 
the 4th Wednesday in August. The philosophi- 
cal and chemical apparatus are very complete, 
as well as its cabinet of minerals. It has an ex- 
cellent anatomical museum and a botanical gar- 
den, of eight acres, richly stored with an pxtensive 
collection of trees, shrubs, and phuits, both native 
and foreign. The Cniversiiy Ituildings are ex- 
tensive and commodious, situated on a beautiful 
plain, where is a neat village. The irregularity 
in the position of the edifices, renders them less 
imposing in their appearance than they otherwise 
would be, but not less adapted to their purposes. 
They are University Hall, an elegant granite 
building, 140 by 50 feet, and 42 feet high, con- 
taining the chapel, dining halls, and lecture 



CAM 



98 



CAM 



rooms ; Harvard Hall, containiv.,^ the library, 
philosophical apparatus, museum, &c .; 4 spacious 
brick edifices, containing rooms for students, and 
several other buildings for the accommodation of 
the president, professors, and students ; Divinity- 
Hall, for the accommodation of the theological 
students ; and the Medical College, in Boston, 
a Law School, a Theological Seminary, and a 
Medical School, are attaclted to the institution, 
the last of which is located in Boston. The Law 
School has 115, the Theological 26, and the 
Medical 86 students. The whole number of stu- 
dents attached to the institution, including resi- 
dent graduates, is 478. Tliis institution is more 
richly endowed than any other similar institution 
in the United States. There are in the town 1 
commercial and 1 commission house, cap. $40,000; 
27 stores, cap. $93,959; 8 lumber yards, capital 
$85,000; 3 rope fac, 2 printing offices, 1 bindery, 
5 periodicals, 1 university, 341 students, 2 acad. 
45 students, 16 sch. 2,455 scholars. Pop. 8,409. 

Cambridge, p-t., Washington co., N. \ ., 34 n. 
by E. Albany, 404 W. The surface is mostly 
level, and the soil gravelly loam. Watered by 
Hoosic river and its tributaries. The village 
contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Associate Relbrm- 
ed church, 100 dwellings, and about 700 inhabi- 
tants. It has 4 stores, and several mills and man- 
ufactories. The t. has 2 stores, cap. $5,000 ; 2 
tanneries, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$900. 13 sch. 297 scholars. Pop. 2,005. 

Cambridge, t., Coos co., N. II. Situated on 
the Androscoggin r. The surface is uneven and 
rough. Chartered in 1773. It has only 5 in- 
habitants. 

Cambridge, p-v., capital of Dorchester county, 
Md., 61 s. E. Annapolis, 101 W. Situated on tlie 
s. side of Choptank r., which is here 2 miles 
wide, 12 miles from the Chesapeake bay. It 
contains a court house and jail, an academy, and 
2 churches — 1 Methodist and i Episcopal. 

Cambridge, p-t., Lenawee co., Mich., 66 s. w. 
Detroit, 526 W. It has 2 com. houses, cap. 
$6,000; 1 sawm. Cap. in manufac. $1,500. 4 
sell. 114 scholars. Pop. 644. 

Cambridge, p-t., capital of Guernsey ro., O., 
77 E. Columbus, 316 W. The village is plea- 
santly situated on the e. side of Wills cr., on the 
national road, and contains a court house and 
other public buildings, 130 dwellings, and about 
700 inhabitants. It has 1 acad. 25 students, 9 
schools, 329 scholars. Pop. 1,845. 

Cambridge, p-v., Abbeville dist., S. C, 79 w. 
by N. Columbia, 525 W. 

Cambridge, p-v., Wayne co., la., 53 e. Indian- 
apolis, 519 W. Situated on the w. side of the 
West branch of Whitewater r., and on the na- 
tional road. 

Cambridge, p-v., Dallas co., Ala., 84 s. by e. 
Tuscaloosa, 867 W. 

Cambridgeport, p-o., Windham county, Vt., 
101 s. Montpelier, 448 W. 

Cambridgeport, p-v., Cambridge t., Middle- 
sex county, Ms., 2 w. Boston, 43S W. Here is 
a neat and pleasant village, containing a Unita- 
rian and a Baptist church, and considerable com- 
merce and manufactures. 

Camden, county, N. C. Situated in the N. e. 
part of the state, and contains 228 sq. ms. The 
surface is low and marshy. It has Pasquotank 
r. on its s. w. border. Capital, Camden C. H. 
or Jonesburg. There were in 1810, neat cattle 
4,149, sheep 2,672, swine 12,562; wheat 2,739 
bush, produced, Ind. corn 285,574, oats 9,480, po- 
tatoes 15,455, cotton 6,792 pounds ; 21 stores, cap. 
$48,200 ; 5 distilleries, 18 grist m., 5 saw m., 1 
acad. 70 students, 6 sch, 169 scholars. Pop. 1830, 



6,721 ; 1840, whites 3,844, slaves 1,661, free col'd 
158; total, 5,663. 

Camden, county, Ga. Situated in the .s. e. 
part of the state, with the Atlantic on the e., from 
which it is separated by Cumberland island, 
which stretches along almost its entire border. 
It contains about 700 sq. ms. St. Mary's river 
curves along its s. border, and has a depth of 
water sufficient for the largest vessels. Tlie 
Santilla r. passes through the co. Capital, Jeffer- 
sonton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 17,093, 
sheep 1,453, swine 7,207 ; Ind. com 68,565 bush, 
produced, potatoes 53,575, rice 1,006,440 pounds, 
silk cocoons 120, cotton 2,032,740, sugar 20,450; 
15 stores, cap. $112,500 ; 5 tanneries, 4 grist m., 

4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $101,290. 1 acad. 
90 students, 11 sch. 138 scholars. Pop. 1830, 
4,578; 1840, whites 2,004, slaves 4,049, free 
col'd 22 ; total, 6,075. 

Camden, p-t., Waldo co., Me., 42 e. s. e. Au- 
gusta, 10 N. 'Fliomaston, 632 W. It is pleasantly 
situated on the w. side of Penobscot Bay, and 
has a good harbor. It has considerable naviga- 
tion employed in the coasting trade and the fish- 
eries. Ship building is carried on, and the man- 
ufacture of lime, which is extensively expwrted. 
It has41 stores, cap. $100,000 ; 2 tanneries, 1 print- 
ing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 5 grist m., 4 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10.5,600. 1 acad. 
100 .students, 17sch. l,169scholars. Pop. 3,005. 

Camden, p-t., Oneida co., N. Y., 128 n. w. Al- 
bany, 397 W. The surface is uneven, and the 
soil a fertile sandy loam. Drained by Fish cr. 
and its tributaries. The v. is on the w. brancii 
of Fish cr. Incorporated in 1834. It has a town 
house, 3 churches, 100 dvvell.ngs, and about 700 
inhabitants. There are in the t., 5 stores, cap. 
$46,500 ; 1 furnace, 1 fulling rn., 1 woollen fac, 

5 tanneries, 6 grist m., 13 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. 
in manufac. $33,750. 1 acad. 60 students, 14 sch. 
720 scholars. Pop. 2,331. 

Camden, city, p-b., and port of en try, Glouces- 
ter CO., N. J., 29 s. s. w. Trenton, 139 W. It is 
situated on the e. side of Delaware river, opposite 
to PMladelphia. The city consists of three parts, 
a central or principal part, and a northern and 
southern village or suburb, from each of which 
is a ferry to Philadelphia. The ship channel is 
on the Philadelphia side, but ships of the largest 
class come up to the lower village, and vessels 
of 150 tons to the central parts of Camden, at high 
tide. Camden has 6 churches — 1 Baptist, 1 Epis- 
copal, 2 Methodist, and 2 Friends — an academy, 
a bank, 400 dwellings, and 70 or 80 buildings oc- 
cupied in manufactures, and considerable com- 
merce. It has several public gardens. The 
Camden and Amboy railroad, leading from New 
York city, terminates here. A railroad also pro- 
ceeds s. to Woodbury. There were in 1840, 13 
stores, cap. $23,400; 2 lumberyards, cap. $18,000 ; 
1 turpentine factory, 1 grist m., 5 saw m., 3 print- 
ing offices, 3 weekly newspapers, 1 periodical. 
Cap. in manufac. .$224,050. 3 acad. 240 students, 
3 schools, 15 scholars. Pop. 3,371. 

Camden, p-v., Kent co., Del., 3 s. Dover, 121 
W. It is situated on the s. branch of Jones' cr., 
and contains 20 or 30 dwellings. 

Camden, p-v., Somers t., Preble co., O., 103 
w. s. w. Columbus, 495 W. Situated on the w. 
bank of Seven Mile cr., near the mouth of Paint 
cr. It contains 2 churches, 9 or 10 stores, and 
about 60 dwellings. 

Camden, p-t., Hillsdale, co., Mich., 120 s. e. 
Detroit, 537 W. Pop. 174. 

Camden, p-v., Shelby co., Ky., 31 vv. Frank- 
fort, 573 W. 

Camde.v, p-v., capital of Benton co., Tenn., 



CAM 99 

79 w. Nashville, 763 W., 9 w. Tennessee r., 
contains a court house and a few dwellings. 

Camden, p-v., Carroll co., la., 74 N. Indianapo- 
lis, 632 W. Situated on the n. side of Passian- 



Camden, p-v., Madison co., Miss., 39 n. by e. 
Jackson, 1,007 W. Situated on a small creek 
flowing into Big Black r. 

Camden, p-v., capital of Kershaw dist., S. C, 
33 N. E. Columbia, 473 W. It is situated on the 
E. bank of Wateree river, which is crossed U 
miles s. w. of the village by a bridge, which 
cost $20,000. Flat-boats of 70 tons come to the 
place. Camden contains a court house, jail, an 
academy, a masonic hall, a brick market-house, 
a library, an arsenal, 4 churches, some of which 
are elegant — 1 Episcopal, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Bap- 
tist, anci 1 Methodist. It has a bank, about 40 
stores, 200 dwellings, and 1,000 inhabitants. 
One mile e. by s. of the place, are the i)e Kalb 
mills, and a cotton lac. with 1,200 sp., 24 looms, 
and which employs 60 hands. The soil around 
Camden is fertile, yielding good crops of cotton 
and com, but liable to be overflowed. In a good 
season, peaches and apples are sold at from 12^ 
to 25 cents a bushel, and fine melons equally 
cheap. Two celebrated battles were fought 
here during the revolution, one August 16th, 1780, 
between Gen. Gates and Lord Comwallis, and 
another, April 23d, 1781, between Gen. Greene 
and Lx)rd Rawdon. At the end of De Kalb-street, 
opposite the Presbyterian church, is a fine, white 
marble monument, erected to the memory of 
Baron De Kalb, of revolutionary celebrity, the 
corner-stone of which was laid by the venerable 
Lafayette, in 1825. Two miles w. of Camden is a 
large Indian mound, supposed to mark the site 
of an ancient town of the Catawbas. 

Camden, p-o., Camden co., Ga. 

Camden, p-v., Schuyler co.. 111., 72 w. n. w. 
Springfield, 850 W. 

Camde.n, p-v., Ray co., Mo., 149 w. n. w. Jef- 
ferson city, 1,052 W. Situated on the n. side of 
the Missouri r., 340 from St. Louis, by the course 
of the r. 

Ca.mden, C. H., p-v., capital of Camden co., 
N. C, 219 e. n. e. Raleigh, 2S7 W. Situated on 
the E. side of Pasquotank r. It contains a court 
house, and several stores and dwellings. 

Camden, t., Lorain co., O. It has 4 sch. 115 
scholars. Pop. 504. 

Camden Point, p-o., Platte co., Mo. 

Camel's Ro.mp, one of the highest peaks of the 
Green 3Iountains, Vt., situated on the e. border 
of Huntington t., 4,188 feet above tide water, 17 
w. iMontpelier, 20 s. e. Burlington. The view 
from the top of it is extensive, beautiful, romantic, 
and grand. 

Cameron, p-t., Steuben co., N. Y., 7 s. Bath, 
225 w. s. w. Albany, 304 W. The surface is 
hilly, and the soil, a fertile calcareous loam and 
clay. Watered by Canisteo r. It has 2 stores, 
cap. §7,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 7 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,195. 12 sch. 542 
scholars. Pop. 1,359. 

Camerons Mills, po.. Orange co., N. C, 45 
N. w., Raleigh, 262 W. 

Camillus, p-t., Onondaga co., N. Y., 7 w. 
Syracuse, 139 w. n. w. Albany, 347 W. The 
surface is rolling ; soil, calcareous loam. Drain- 
ed by Nine Mile cr. The Erie canal passes 
through the t. It contains a Presbyterian and a 
Methodist church. Gypsum is found here. It 
has 12 stores, cap. $65,900 ; 2 tanneries, 2 flour- 
ing m., 1 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$69,427 ; 15 sch. 924 scholars. Pop. 3,957. 

Camfbell, coimty, Va., in the s. part of the 



CAM 



state, lies between James r. on the n., and Staun- 
ton r. on the s., and contains 576 sq. ms. The 
surface is rough and the soil productive, adapted 
both to grain and to grazing, and producing also 
tobacco and fruits. The rivers by which it is 
bordered are both navigable for boats, giving it a 
ready access to Chesapeake bay and Albemarle 
sound. Capital, Lynchburg. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 10,810, sheep 13,858, swine 
20,991 ; wheat 177,949 bush, produced, Ind. com 
481,960, oats 227,539, potatoes 22,622, hemp and 
(lax 163 tons, tobacco 3,257,193 pounds, cotton 
4,234 ; 3 commission houses in lor. trade, cap. 
$102,000; 94 stores, cap. $1,587,636 ; 1 furnace, 

I cotton fac. 1,500 sp., 9 tanneries, 15 distilleries, 

II flouring m., 34 grist m., 38 saw m., 2 printing 
offices, 2 vveeldy newspapers. Cap. in manufac. 
$393,091. 5 acad. 195 students, 20 sch. 389 
scholars. Pop. 1830, 20,330 ; 1840, whites 10,213, 
slaves 10,045, free col'd 772 ; total, 21,030. 

Campbell, county, Ga., in the n. w. part of 
the state, lies on both sides of Chattahoochee r., 
and contains 3)0 sq. miles. Surface undulating, 
soil, fertile. Capital, Campbellton. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 6,164, sheep 3,103, swine 
15,779 ; wheat 37,201 bush, produced, Ind. com 
231,475, oats 18,194, potatoes 3,864, tobacco 
7,436 pounds, cotton 895,737 ; 12 stores, cap. 
$14,200; 3 tanneries, 14 distilleries, 13 grist m., 
8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,787. 19 sch. 462 
scholars. Pop. 1830, 3,323 ; 1840, whites 4,526, 
slaves 842, free col'd 2 ; total, 5,370. 

Campbell, C. H., p-v., Campbell co., Va., 125 
w. s. w. Richmond, 203 W. 

Campbell, county, Tenn. Situated in the n. 
E. part of the state ; has the Tennessee r. passing 
through its s. e. part. It contains 672 sq. ms. 
The Cumberland mountains pass through it; 
and on its n. w. side, the streams are discharged 
into Cumberland r. Capital, Jacksborough. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 6,863, sheep 4,951, swine 
22,803 ; wheat 14,240 bush, produced, rye 1,951, 
I. corn 199,758, oats 43,270, potatoes 6,154, cotton 
1,784 pounds, sugar 5,715 ; 10 stores, cap. $33,500 ; 
5 forges, 5 tanneries, 19 distilleries, 1 powder m., 
37 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $21,681. 
2 sch. 56 scholars. Pop. 1830, 5,1 10 ; 1810, whites 
5,831, slaves 261, free col'd 54; total 6,149. 

Campbell, county, Ky. Situated in the n. 
part of the state, on the Ohio r. Licking r. pass- 
es w. of it, and enters the Ohio nearly opposite 
to Cincinnati. The surface is uneven, and the 
soil fertile. Capital, Newport. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 2,446, sheep 4,071, swine 5,589; 
wheat 27,702 bush, produced, rye 1,110, Ind. corn 
112,147, oats 19,167, potatoes 15,371, tobacco 
28,010 pounds ; 3 stores, cap. $6,100. Cap. in 
manufac. $7,065. 8 sch. 186 scholars. Pop. 1840, 
whites 4,921, slaves 289, free col'd 4 ; total, 5,214. 

Campbell, t., Warv\ick co., la. It has 4 sch. 
125 scholars. Pop. 959. 

Cajipbell, p-o., Lawrence co., O. 

Campbell Cheek, p-o., Bath t., Steuben co., 
N. Y., 224 w. by s. Albany, 304 W. 

Campbell, t., Steuben Co., N. Y., 10 s. e. Bath, 
209 w. s. w. Albany. The surface is hilly, and 
the soil clay and marly loam. Vv'atered by Con- 
hocton r. It has 1 store, cap. $3,000; 2 fullmg 
m., 1 woollen fac, 2 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $8,775. 4 sch. 237 scholars. Pop. 852. 

Campbell's Bridge, p-o., Marion dist., S. C, 
139 E. by N. Columbia, 441 W. 

Campbellsuurg, p-v., Henry co., Ky., 31 N. 
w. Frankfort, 573 W. 

Campbell's Port, p-o., Portage co., O. 

Campbell's Station, p o., Knox co., Tenn., 
168 E. NashvUle, 513 W. 



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100 



CAN 



Campbell's Store, p-o., Pendleton co., Va. 
Campbellsville, p-v., Giles co., Tenn., 67 s. 
by w. jVashville, 731 W. 

Campbellsville, p-v., Greene co., Ky., 77 s. 
s. w. Frankfort, 599 W. 

Campbellton, p-v., capital of Campbell co., 
Ga., 102 N. w. MUledgeville, 699 W. It lies on 
both sides of tlie Chattahoochee river, and con- 
tains 25 houses. 

Campbelltown, p-o., Jackson co., Flor. 

Campbelltown, p-o., Campbell t., Steuben 
CO., N. Y., 223 w. by s. Albany. 288 W. 

Campbelltown, p-v., Lebanon co.. Pa., 15 e. 
Harrisburg, 125 W. 

Camp Branch, t., Warren co., Mo. Pop. 527. 

Camp Call, p-o., Cleveland co., N. C. 

Camp Creek, p-o., Green co., Tenn., 264 e. 
Nashville, 440 VV. 

Camp Creek, p-o., Li\ingston co., Ky., 240 w. 
s. w. Frankfort, 767 W. 

Camp Creek, t.. Pike co., O. It has 1 saw m. 
Cap. in manuf. S30. 6 sch. 181 scholars. Pop. 298 

Camp Creek, p-o., Hancock co.. 111., 113 n. 
w. Springfield, ^74 W. 

Camp Ground, p-o., Appling co., Ga., 163 s. 
s. E. Milledgeville, 774 W. 

Camp Ridge, p-o.. Williamsburg dist., S. C, 
114 s. E. Columbia, 492 W. 

Camp Spring, p-o., Lawrence co., Ala., 93 n. 
by E. Tuscaloosa, 778 W. 

Campton, p-t., Grafton co., N. H., 47 n. by w. 
Concord, 528 W. Tlie surface is uneven, -with 
some mountains, and rocky ledges. Watered by 
Pemigewasset r. and its branches. The soil in 
the valleys is good. The natural growth is white 
oak and pitch pme, in the s. part. Chartered in 
1767. It has 3 stores, cap. §10,500 ; 2 fulling m., 
2 tanneries, 2 grist ra., 7 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac^ $19,405. 14 sch. 486 scholars. Pop. 1.513. 

Camptown, p-v., Oranare t.. Essex co., N. J., 
3i s. w. Newark, 52 n. e. Trenton, 218 W. It 
has 1 church, free to all denominations, built of 
stone, 3 stories high, the lower story occupied as 
an academy, the second as a church, and the 
third as a masonic liall, 1 Presbyterian church, 3 
stores, and 75 dwellings, somewhat scattered. 
Elizabeth r. affords water pov\-er, on which is 1 
saw m. and 1 grist m. Tlie American anny 
camped here in the revolutionary war, whence it 
derives its name. 

Camptown, p-o., Bradford co., Pa. 

Campville, p-o.. OwTgo t., Tioga co., N. Y., 
154 s. w. Albany, 232 W. 

Campville, p-o.. Coles co., 111., 103 e. s. e. 
Springfield, 695 W. 

Cax.aan, p-t., Somerset co.. Me., 13 e. Nor- 
ridgewock, 36 n. by e. Augusta, 631 W. It lies 
on the e. side of Kennebec r.. and is a good farm- 
ing tovvTi. Incorporated in 178S. It has 5 stores, 
cap. $7,500 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 1 
sch. 555 scholars. Pop. 1,379. 

Canaan, p-t., Grafton co., N. H., 41 n. w. 
Concord, 496 W. Drained by Mascomy r. and 
its tributaries. Tlie soil is tolerably fertile. 
Chartered in 1761. First settled in 1766. It has 
several ponds, one of wliich. on high ground, is 
curiously surrounded by a momid of earth, appa- 
rently thrown up by the motion of the ice. on its 
breaking up in tlie spring. It has 3 stores, cap. 
§14.500; 2 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 
6 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $43,800 
1 acad. 144 students, 16 sch. 377 scholars. Pop 
1,576. 

Canaan, p-t., Essex co., Vt., 31 n. Guildhall, 
106 N. E. Montpelier, 603 W. Situated in the 
extreme n. e. part of the state, on Connecticut r. 
Chartered in 1782, settled in 1785. The surface 



is rough, and the soil cold. It has 2 stores, cap. 
$3,500 ; 1 tannery. Cap. m manufac, $330. 5 
sch. 108 scholars. Pop. 378. 

Canaan, p-t., Litchfield co.. Ct., 42 n. w. Hart^ 
ford, 18 N. N. w. Litchfield, 343 W. It lies on 
the E. side of Housatonic r., which has between 
this place and Salisbury a perpendicular fall of 
60 feet, Ibrming, when the r. is full, a grand spec- 
tacle, and affording extensive water power. 
Limestone is exten.sive, and the lime is superior, 
and IS extensively exported. The s. e. part of 
the t. is mountainous, while other parts are level. 
The soil along the streams is fertile. Watered 
by Blackberry r. and Hollenbeck r., both of 
wliich supply mill seats. Iron has been ex'en- 
sively manufactured and wrought here ; but the 
ore is brought from the w. part of Salisbury, on 
the border of the state of New York. It has 8 
furnaces ; 10 stores, cap. $21,400 : 3 fulling ni., 
2 woollen fac, 3 tanneries, 3 grist m.. 10 saw ni. 
Cap. in manufac. $61,925. 1 acad. 20 students, 
14 sch. 584 scholars. Pop. 2,166. 

Canaan, p-t., Cohmibia co., N. Y., 20 n. e. 
Hudson, 24 s. e. Albany, 362 W. It has con- 
siderable hills, with fertile intervening valleys. 
Bog iron ore and limestone are found. Watered 
by tributaries to Kinderliook cr. The railroads 
from W. Stockbridge to Hudson, and from W. 
Stockbridge to Albany, pass through the t. It 
has 4 stores, cap. $10,000; 2 fulling in.. 3 wix>l- 
len fac, 2 cotton fac. 268 sp., 1 tannery, 4 grist 
m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $31,800. 1 acad. 
23 students, 8 sch. 685 scholars. Pop. 1,957. 

Canaan, p-t., Wayne co.. Pa., 159 n. e. Har- 
risburg. 253 W. Drained by branches of Lacka- 
waxen cr. Carbondale and Honesdale railroad 
passes tlurough it. The sui'face is partly moim- 
tainous and partly level : the soQ, gravel and 
loam. It has 1 store, cap. $11,000; 11 sch. 548 
scholars. Pop. 1,462. 

Can.aan. p-t., Wayne co., O., 107 n. e. Colum- 
bus, 350 W. 

Canaan, p-v., Jefferson co., la., 84 s. s. e. In- 
dianapolis, 560 W. 

Canaan Centre, p-v., Canaan t., Columbia 
CO., N. Y., 26 s. E. Albany. 364 W. It has a 
church, a store, and a flourishing academy, 

Canaan Fodr Corners, p-v., Canaan t., Co- 
lumbia CO., N, Y., 25 s. w. Albany, 363 W. It 
is an agricultural settlement, with a church, store, 
and 12 or 15 dweliinss. 

Canaan, t., Hillsdale Co., Mich, Pop. 164. 

Canaan, t., Wayne co., O. Pop. 1,827. 

Canaan, t., 3Iadison co., O. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $1,350; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 3 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,175. 8 sch. 315 
scholars. Pop. 607. 

Canaan, t., Marion co., O, It has 1 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac, $45. 5 sch, 200 scholai-s. Pop. 
1,027. 

Canaan, t., Athens co,, O. It is situated on 
the Hockhocldng r., and contains salt-works, and 
various mills. It has 4 stores, cap. $2,000; 1 
grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,250, 4 
sch. 76 scholars. Pop. 800. 

Canaanville. p-o., Athens co., O., 80 s. e, 
Columbus, 341 W. 

Canada Creek, the w. and largest branch of 
3Iohawk r., 60 miles long. It has several rapids 
and cascades which afford interesting views. 

Canadaig.a, p-o., Otsego co., N. Y., 68 w, Al- 
bany, 372 W. 

Can.adice, p-t., Ontario co., N, Y,, 18 s, w. 
Canandaigua, 218 w. Albany, 334 W. The sur- 
face is hilly ; soil, clay loam and sand, some of 
which is fertile. It has several ponds or lakes, 
one of which is 3 miles long, and half a mile 



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101 



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wide. It has 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,300. 
11 sch. 611 scholars. Pop. 1,341. 

Canajoharie, p-t., Montgomery co., N. Y., 59 
w. N. w. Albany, 395 W. The surface is hilly 
and the soil fertile. Drained by Bowman's and 
Olsquake creeks, which flow into the Mohawk. 
The V. is situated on the s. side of Mohawk r. 
Incorporated in 1829. It has 4 churches — 1 Pres- 
byterian, 1 Dutch Reformed, 1 Lutheran, and 1 
Methodist — an academy, 10 stores, 2 grist m., 2 
distilleries, 1 brewery, 1 furnace, 2 saw m. It 
furnishes fine stone for building and for the con- 
struction of locks in the Erie canal. The Erie 
canal passes through the centre of the v. The 
Catskill and Canajoharie railroad will terminate 
here. There are in the t., 11 stores, cap. $41,000 ; 
2 furnaces, 2 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 
4 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $59,239. 2 
acad. 265 stud., 28 sch. 1,655 schol. Pop. 5,146. 

Canal, p-o.. Van Bm-en t., Onondaga co., N. 
Y., 147 w. N. w. Albany, 354 W. 

Canal, p-t., Venango co., Pa., 218 n. w. Har- 
rishurg, 292 W. It has 1 fulling m., 1 woollen 
fac, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$10,050. 3 sch. 65 scholars. Pop. 867. 

Canal Dover, p-o, Dover t., Tuscarawas co., 
O., 116 N. E. Columbus, 316 W. 

Canal Port, p-o., Allen co., la. 

Canal Fulton, p-v., Lawrence t., Tuscarawas 
CO., O., 125 N. E. Columbus, 330 W. Siuiated on 
the E. side of Tuscarawas r. and on the Ohio ca- 
nal. It contains 6 warehouses, 6 stores, 1 steam 
saw m., 1 tannery, 1 brewery, 70 dwellings and 
about 400 inhabitants. 

Canal Winchester, p-o., Fairfield co., O. 

Canandaigua, p-t., caphal of Ontario co., N. 
Y., 195 w. by n. Albany, 341 W. The surface 
consists of gentle hills and beautiful plains, and 
the soil is fertile. The v. is delightfully situated 
at the N. end of CaUvandaigua lake. It contains a 
court house, jail, and otlier county buildings, a 
town hall, 4 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episco- 
pal, 1 Baptist, 1 ftlethodist, and 1 African — 2 bank- 
ing houses, and a bank for savings, an academy, 
and a female seminary, whicli are flourishing, 25 
stores, 2 printing offices, 1 steam flouring m., and 

1 saw m. ; 350 dwellings and about 2,790 inhab- 
itants. The village is built with neatness and 
taste, and presents many desirable situations. It 
is surrounded by a rich agricultural country, 
was incorporated in 1815, and is one of the most 
pleasant places in western New York. The t. has 
26 stores, cap. $112,300 ; 2 fulling m., 1 tannery, 

2 printing offices, 1 bindery, 2 weekly papers, 2 
grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $59,2i00. 2 
acad. 500 students, 20 sch. 1,318 scholars. Pop. 
5,6,)2. 

Canandaigua Lake, is 14 miles long, and from 
1 to li miles wide, and with its highly cuUivated 
shores, presents many fine views. The water is 
remarkably clear, and abounds with excellent 
fish. Its outlet flows into Flint creek, then into 
Clyde r., and thence into Seneca r., the common 
outlet of a cluster of lakes. 

CanandaigI'A, v., Lenawee co., Mich., 17 w. 
Adrian, 82 s. w. Detroit. Situated on the E. side 
of Bean cr. It has 1 store, and a flourmg mill. 

Canasauga, p-v., Bradley co., Tenn., 174 s. e. 
by E. Nashville, 586 W. It is situated near Hi- 
wassee r. 

Caxastota, p-v., Lenox t., Madison co., N. Y., 
119 w. N. w. Albany, 364 W. Situated on the 
Erie canal, and near the Syracuse and Utica rail- 
road. It contains 1 Dutch Reformed and 1 Meth- 
odist church, 8 stores and forwarding houses, 120 
dwellings, and about 800 inhabitants. Incorpo- 
rated, 183d. 



Candia, p-t., Rockingham co., N. H., 18 s. K. 
Concord, 470 W. Incorporated in 1763. The 
surface is elevated, constituting, in its w. part, 
the height of land between the ocean and Merri- 
mac r. It commands an extensive view of the 
surrounding country, reaching to the Wliite Hills 
in the n. and to the ocean. The soil is hard, but 
fertile and well cultivated. It has 5 stores, cap. 
$6,300 ; 1 fulling m., 13 sch. 498 scholars. Pop. 
1,430. 

Candor, p-t., Tioga co., N. Y., 8 n. Owego, 
171 s. w. Albany, 285 W. The surface is hilly, 
and the soil generally a fertile loam. Drained 
by Cottotong, and West Owego creeks. The v. 
contains 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 
and 1 Methodist — 3 stores, 2 grist m., 3 saw m., 

1 clothier's works, 45 dwellings, and about 300 
inhabitants. There are in the town, 4 stores, cap. 
$24,000 ; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 

2 grist m., 54 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $51,273. 
1,141 scholars in schools. Pop. 3,370. 

Candor, p-v., Washington county, Pa., 227 w. 
Harrisburg, 254 W. It has 2 sch. 100 scholars. 
Pop. 223. 

Caneadea, p-t., Alleghany co., N. Y., 10 n. 
Angelica, 271 w. by s. Albany, 347 W. The 
Genesee r. flows nearly through its centre, re- 
ceiving several small mill streams. Soil, clay 
and sandy loam. The village is on the e. side of 
Genesee r. and has 1 store, Isawm., 1 fulling m., 
and 12 or 15 dwellings. There are in the t., 6 
stores, cap. $11,200 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 10 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $16,150. 7 sch. 279 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,633. 

Cane Creek, p-o., Chatham co., N. C, 50 w. 
Raleigh, 324 W. 

Cane Creek, p-o., Lincoln co., Tenn., 75 s. 
Nashville, 720 W. 

Cane Creek, p-o., White co.. 111., 196 s. e. 
Springfield, 766 W. 

Cane Creek, p-o., Benton co., Ala., 162 n. e. 
by E. Tuscaloosa, 740 W. 

Cane Creek, p-o., Wayne co., Mo., 216 s. e. 
Jefferson city, 940 W. 

Cane Hill, p-t., Washington co.. Ark., 192 n. 
w. Little Rock, 1,201 W. 

Cane Spring, p-o., BuUit co., Ky., 62w.by s. 
Frankfort, 606 W. Pop. 923. 

Cany Spring, p-o., Marshall co., Tenn., 42 s. 
Nashville, 705 W. 

Canyville, p-v., Gravson co., Ky., 173 s. w. 
Frankfort, 661 W. 

Canfiei.d, p-t., Trumbull co., O., 164 n. e. by 
E. Columbus, 14 s. by e. Warren, 293 V>^. The 
soil is productive. It has 10 sch. 460 scholars. 
Pop. 1,279. 

Canfield's Corners, p-o., Nichols t., Tioga 
CO., N. Y., 166 s. w. by w. Albany, 272 W. 

Camsteo, p-t., Steuben co., N. Y., 243 w. s. 
w. Albany, 14 s. w. Bath, 711 W. The surface 
is broken ; soil, clay and calcareous loam, and 
adapted to grazing and to grain. The hills are 
covered with a heavy growth of pine. Watered 
by Canisteo r. and its tributaries. On the streams 
are rich alluvial flats. It has 2 stores, cap. $2,000; 
1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 9 saw m. (.^ap. 
in manufac. $13,010. 8 sch. 316 scholars. Pop. 941. 

Canisteo r., N. Y., rises in Alleghany co., and 
enters Tioga r. in Steuben co., after a course of 
50 ms., 40 of which are boatable. 

Ca.nnonsburg, p-o., Hancock co., O. 

Cannon's Ferry, p-o., Sussex co., Del., 51 s. 
Dover, 115 W. 

Cannonsville, p-o., Tompkins t., Delaware 
co.,_N. Y., Ill w. by s. Albany, 307 W. _ 
j Canoga, p-v., Fayette t., Seneca co., N. Y., 173 
I w. Albany, 339 W. It is situated about a mile w. 



CAN 



102 



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of Cayuga lake. Near it is a spring, which dis- 
charges water sufficient to turn a mill. It has 2 
churches, 3 stores, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m., 1 clo- 
thier's works, 80 dwellings, and about 500 inhab- 
itants. 

Cannon, county, Tenn., sitiiated in the central 
part of the state, and contains about 100 sq. ms. 
Drained by small branches of Cumberland river. 
Surface, hilly ; soil, fertile. Capital, Woodbury. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 7, 188, sheep 9,746, 
swine 28,989 ; wheat 38,665 bush, produced, rye 
1,249, Ind. corn 419,828, oats 56,800, potatoes 9,1 15, 
tobacco 32,235 pounds, cotton 29,201, sugar 8,545 ; 
4 stores, cap. $15,050; 7 tanneries, 18 distilleries, 
1 flouring m., 19 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in man- 
iifac. $20,145. 1 acad. 25 students, 19 sch. 495 
scholars. Pop. wliites 6,558, slaves 618, free col'd 
17; total, 7,193. 

Cannonsburg, p-b., Washington cc. Pa., 216 
w. Harrisburg, 18 s. w. Pittsburg, 243 W. Situ- 
ated on Chartier's cr., and contains about 700 in- 
habitants. The place is supported chiefly by 
Jefferson College, located here. This institution 
was founded in 1802. It has a president, and 6 
professors or other instructors, 224 alumni, 120 
students, and 3,300 volumes in its libraries. The 
commencement is on the fourth Wednesday in 
September. Its course is completed in 3 years. 
A medical department is attached to it, located 
in Philadelphia. There is a theological school 
connected with the institution, imder the care of 
the vice-president; and it has supplied many 
clergymen to the western country. It has 17 
stores, cap. $17,500; 1 tannery. Cap. in manu- 
lac. $2,250. Pop. 687. 

Cannon'.s Store, p-o., Spartanburg dist., S. 
C, 121 N. N. w. Columbia, 479 W. 

Can.vouchee, r., Ga., the w. and largest con- 
fluent of Ogeechee r., 140 ms. long, navigable 50 
ms. to Cedar cr. 

Canonicut, island, in Narragan.'set bay, R. I., 
is 7 miles long and 1 broad, 3 w. Rhode Island. 

Cantatoe, p-o., Bedford t., Westchester co., 
N. Y., 125 s. Albany, 273 W. 

Canterbury, p-t., Merrimac co., N. H., 8 n. 
Concord, 1 16 W. The surface is uneven, and the 
soil good. It has several ponds, the outlets of 
which fm-nish mill seats. The Merrimac r. forms 
its w. boundary, over which are 2 bridges. First 
.settled in 1727. There is a Shakers' v. in the s. 
E. part. It has 3 stores, cap. $4,000 ; 1 fulling 
m., 1 woollen factory, 3 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 1 
grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,473. 12 
sch. 575 scholars. Pop. 1,643. 

Canterbury, p-t., Windham co., Ct., 12 n. 
Norwich, 41 e. Hartford, 368 W. The surface is 
uneven, and the soil a fertile gravelly loam. First 
settled in 1690. In the central parish is a pleas- 
ant village, in the middle of which is a public 
square, on one side of which stands a neat Con- 
gregational church. Quinebaug river forms its e. 
boundary, and furnishes a good shad fishery, in 
the spring. A bridge connects it with Plainlield. 
It has 1 lulling mill, 2 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 
1,000 sp., 2 tanneries, 6 grist m., 10 saw m., 16 oil 
m. Cap. in manufac. $44,500. 12 sch. 538 scho- 
lars. Pop. 1,791. 

Canterbury, p-v., Cornwall t.. Orange co., N. 
Y., 89 s. Albany, 289 W. It is situated 1 m. vv. 
of Cornwall Landing, on the Hudson r. It con- 
tains 3 stores, 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 4 church- 
es — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Methodist, 1 Orthodox 
Friends, and 1 Hicksite Friends — 80 dwellings, 
and about 5'JO inhabitants. 

Canterbury, p-v., Kent co., Del., 8 s. by w. 
Dover, ll6 W. Situated at the head of Mother 
Kill creek. 



Canton, p-t., Oxford co.. Me., 30 w. n. w. Au- 
gusta, 602 W. The Androscoggin river passes 
through it. Incorporated in 1821 . The soil is good. 
It has 3 stores, cap. $7,500 ; 8 sch. 370 scholars. 
Pop. 919. 

Canton, p-t., Norfolk co., Ms., 16 s. by w. Bos- 
ton, 426 W. 2 ponds give rise to 2 branches of 
Neponset river, \\ hich affords water power. In- 
corporated in 1797. The soil is indifferent, but 
the t. has considerable manufactures. The Boston 
and Providence railroad passes through the tovMi, 
and has an expensive granite bridge, or viaduct, 
over one of its streams, 600 feet long, and 63 feet 
above its foundation, supported on arches. It has 
9 stores, cap. $16,000 ; 3 furnaces, 5 forges, 2 wool- 
len fac, 4 cotton fac. 1,868 sp., 2 grist m., 1 saw 
m., 1 acad. 16 students, 7 sch. 506 scholars. Pop. 
1,995. 

Canton, p-t., Hartford co., Ct., 13 n. w. by w. 
Hartford, 339 W. First settled in 1740, incorpo- 
rated 1806. The surface is uneven, and the soil 
coarse and stony. Fannington r. passes through 
its s. w. part. It has some manufactures, partic- 
ularly of axes. It has 3 stores, cap. $12,500; 1 
fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 powder m., 3 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $323,900. 8 sch. 310 scholars. Pop. 
1,736. 

Canton, p-t., capital of St. Lawrence co., N. 
Y., 223 N. N. w. Albany, 495 W. The surface is 
gently midulating, and the soil a fertile clay loam. 
Watered by Grass r. and its branches. I'he Os- 
vvegatchie enters its n. w. corner. Marble is 
found here, and sulphate of iron, from which cop- 
peras and alum are extensively manufactured. 
The V. is on Grass r., and contains a courthouse, 
jail, and clerk's office, 3 churches — 1 Presbyte- 
rian, 1 Methodist, and 1 Union — 1 acad., 6 stores, 
1 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 oil m., 1 clothier's works, 
1 furnace, 1 tannery, and a marble fac, 125 dwel- 
lings, and about 8(30 inhabitants. Here is a fine 
bridge across Grass r. Tliere are in the t., 1 fur- 
nace, 8 stores, cap. $24,500 ; 3 fulling m., 3 tan- 
neries, 4 grist m., 3 saw m. Capital in manufac. 
$24,5 1 5. 1 acad. 223 students, 22 sch. 854 schol- 
ars. Pop. 3,465. 

Canton, p-v., Salem co., N. J.,69s. s. w. Tren- 
ton, 184 W. Situated on the w. branch of Stow 
creek. 

Canton, p-t., Bradford co., Pa., 136 n. Harris- 
burg, 246 W. Surface hilly ; soil, gravelly loam. 
Watered by Towanda cr. and its tributaries. It 
has 2 stores, cap. 3,500 ; 2 fulling m., 1 tannery, 
3 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $11,275. 
8 sch. 407 scholars. Pop. 1,254. 

Canton, t., Washington co.. Pa. The surface 
is slightly undulating ; soil, loam. Coal is abun- 
dant. Drained by Chartiers cr. and its tributa- 
ries. Washington b. lies partly in this t. It has 
1 store, cap. $500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 
tannery, 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 5 sch. 
230 scholars. Pop. 1,132. 

Canton, p-t., capital. Stark co., O., 124 n. e. Co- 
lumbus, 313 W. The v. is pleasantly situated in 
the forks of Nimishillen cr., which unite Ism. be- 
low the v., and it is surrounded by a fertile coun- 
try. First settled in 1806. It has a court house, 
jail, 3 brick offices, 4 churches, mostly of brick — 
1 Presbyterian, 1 Methodist, 1 German Lutheran, 
and 1 Roman Catholic — 18 or 20 stores, 1 acade- 
my, a market house, a bank, a library company, 
a mechanics' society, 2 printing offices, and near- 
ly 300 dwellmgs. It has 1,284 scholars in sch. 
Pop. 3,299. 

Canton, p-v., Washington co., la., 97 s. Indian- 
apolis, 600 W. 

Canton, p-v., Fulton co., 111., 69 n. n. w. Spring- 
field, 819 W. It is pleasantly situated on the 



CAP 



103 



CAR 



border of a large prairie. It has 1 acad. 27 stu- 
dents, 3 sch. 78 scholars. Pop. 762. 

Canton, pv., capital of Cherokee co, Ga. Sit- 
uated on the N. side of Etowah r. It contains a 
court house, several .stores and dwellings. 

C.iNTON, p-v., Wilcox county, Ala., 91 s. by E. 
Tuscaloosa, 883 W. 

Canton, p-v., Trigg co., Ky., 9 s. w. Cadiz, 235 
s. w. by w. Frankfort, 762 W. Situated on Cum- 
berland r., 40 ms. from its mouth. It is the cen- 
tre of trade for the surrounding country, and be- 
ing on navigable waters, it does their sliipping 
business. Pop. about 200. 

Canton, p-v., capital of 3Iadison co.. Miss., 23 
N. by E. Jackson, 998 W. It contains a court 
house and several dwellings. 

Canton, p-v., Lawrence co., Ark., 164 n. n. e. 
Little Rock, 1,021 W. 

Canto.n, t., Wayne co., Mich. Watered by 
the head branches of the south branch of Rouge 
r. It has 1 saw m. Cap. in manufactures, .§300. 
There are in sch. 343 scholars. Pop. 1,031. 

Canton Centre, p-v., Canton t., Hartford co., 
Ct. 

Cantonment Gibson, p-v., and military sta- 
tion, in the Indian Ter., 221 w. n. w. Little Rock, 
Ark., 1,286 W. Situated on the E. side of the 
Neosho r., 5 ms. above its entrance into Red r. 
Here are situated strong military works for the 
protection of the western frontier. 

Cantwell's Bridge, p-v.. New Ca.stle co., 
Del., 24 N. by w. Dover. 133 W. It is situated 
on the N. side of Appoquinimink cr. It contains 
several stores and dwellings. 

Cape Bridge, p-o., Hampshire co., Va. 

Cape Island, p-v.. Cape May co., N. J., 108 s. 
Trenton, 218 W. It is situated in the extreme s. 
point of the state, on the shore of the Atlantic, 
and is much frequented as a watering place from 
July to September. Here are 6 boarding hou.'^es, 
some of them large, and several splendid hotels. 
The place affords great facilities for sea bathing, 
and for fishing. 

Cape May, N. J., situated on the n. side of the 
entrance into Delaware bay. On it is a light-house. 
It is 18 N. Cape Henlopen, 38° 57' n. lat., 74° 
52' \v. Ion. 

Cape iMav, county, N. J. Situated in the s. 
part of the state. The soil is wholly alluvial, 
and the surface is level. Along its e. coast is a 
sandbeach, which, from half a mile to 2 miles in 
width, is covered with grass, which affords pasture 
for neat cattle and sheep. It is broken by several 
inlets by which the sea penetrates tlie marshes 
and forms lagunes or salt-water lakes. Tucka- 
hoe r. runs on its .n. border, and receives some 
streams from the co. Capital, Cape May C. H. 
There were in 1840, neat cat;Ie 4,875, sheep 5,778, 
swine 2,268 ; wheat 8,692 bush, prod., rye 7,573, 
Indian com 69,975, buckwheat 882, oats 24,404 
potatoes 14,3W ; 29 stores, cap. $47,400 ; 8 grist 
m., 12sawm. Cap. inmanufac. f 1,70'). 20 sch. 
992 ssholars. Pop. H30, 4,936 : 1840, 5,324. 

Cape May, C. H., p-v., Middle f.. Cape May 
CO., N. J., 93 s. Trenton, 203 W. It has a coiu-t 
house, a stone jail, brick fire-proof offices, a Bap- 
tist church of brick, and 10 or 12 dwellings. 

Cape Cod, Ms., in 42° 5' n. lat., 70° 14' w. 
Ion., projects from the shore of 3Iassachusetts, 
and is curved inward, something in the shape of 
the arm of a man, bent inward at the elbow and 
the wrist. It is 65 miles long, and from 1 to 20 
broad, and contains the county of Barnstable. 

Cape Elizabeth, t., Me., consists chielly of 
a peninsula, 6 s. Portland. Cape Elizabeth, in 
43° 33' n. lat., 79° 11' w. long., is the s. e. point 
of the town. Another cape in the e. part of the 



t., at the entrance of Portland harbor, contains a 
light-house. It has 9 sch. 670 scholars. Pop. 1,666. 

Cape Fear, N. C, is on the .s. point of Smith's 
Island, in 33° 48' n. lat. and 78° 9' w. Ion., near 
the mouth of Cape Fear river. 

Cape Fear, river, N. C. Its n. w. branch is 
formed by the union of Deep and Haw rivers ; 
thence flowing 103 miles, it receives the n. e. 
branch of Clarendon r., above Wilmington; and 
34 miles below, it enters the Atlantic by 2 chan- 
nels, one on each side of Smith's Island. It af- 
fords the best navigation of any river in the state. 
By means of embankments the channel has been 
deepened, and steamboats now proceed 90 miles 
to Fayetteville at the lowest water. 

Cape Girardeau, county. Mo., situated in 
the s. e. part of the state, lies on the Mississippi 
river. It contains about 864 sq. ms. Drained 
chiefly by the sources of White Water r. Iron 
ore and other minerals are found in the county. 
Capital, Jackson. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 12,857, sheep 10,300, swine 33,528 ; wheat 
41,235 bushels produced, Ind. corn 461,635, oats 
11 1,383, potatoes 24,577, tobacco 229,191 pounds, 
cotton 9,934, sugar 37,318 ; 26 stores, cap. $79,800 ; 
12 tanneries, 35 distilleries, 7 flouring m., 16 grist 
m., 16 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly news- 
paper. Cap. in manufac. $82,787. 7 sch. 175 
scholars. Pop. 1830, 7,445 ; 1840, whites 8,020, 
slaves 1,325, free col'd 14; total, 9,359. 
Cape Girardeau, p-v., Cape Girardeau co.. Mo., 
207 .s. E. JefTerson city, 850 W., is on the w. bank 
of the Mississippi r., 10 ms. from Jackson, the co 
seat. It has 10 or 12 stores, and about 500 inhabi- 
tants. It was agitated by earthquakes in 1810 
and 12, and some chimneys were thrown down. 
It has a steam saw m. The town has 2 acad. 
40 students, 1 sch. 30 scholars. Pop. 1,728. 

Cape Neddock, York co.. Me., a barren head- 
land, projecting into the Atlantic ocean, inhab- 
ited by a few fishermen. 

Capf.ville, p-v., Northampton co., Va., 170 e. 
by s. Richmond, 246 W. It is on the e. shore of 
Chesapeake bay, near Cape Charles. It contains 
2 stores, several mechanic shops, and 12 or 14 
dwellings. 

Cape Vi.ncent, p-v., Lyme t., Jefferson co., 
N. Y., 190 N. w. Albany, 442 W. Situated on 
the s. side of St. Lawrence r. It has 2 churches 
— 1 Presbyterian and 1 Episcopal — 5 stores, 2 
warehouses, 1 steam flouring m., 1 saw m., 1 fur- 
nace and axe factory, 1 tannery, and a ship yard. 
It is a port of entry, and has a convenient steam- 
boat landing. It has a regular communication 
with Kingston, Canada. 

Captina, p-o., York t., Belmont co., O., 134 E. 
Columbus, 295 W. 

Capon Springs, p-o., Hampshire co., Va. 

Cardondale, p-v., Luzerne co.. Pa., 35 n. e. 
Wilkesbarre, 160 n. n. e. Harrisburg, 264 W. 
The village is situated on Lackawana cr. It has 
15 stores, 6 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episco- 
pal, 1 Baptist, 2 Methodist, and 1 Roman Catho- 
lic — and 500 dwellings. This flourishing village 
owes its existence to the Lackawana coal mine. 
The mine is situated in the front of a hill. It is 
quarried in a continuous line for 60 rods, and pre- 
sents a front of good coal, 20 feet in thicluiess, 
with several feet of imperfect coal above it. 
Several stationary steam engines draw up the 
coal in wagons, on a railway, by several inclined 
planes, from the mine Ui the summit level, 850 feet 
above the mine, whence it descends by another 
railway, 16 miles long, by several inclined planes, 
912 feet, to the canal at Honesdale, and thence to 
the Delaware r., where it meets the Delaware 
and Hudson canal tlirough wliich it is conveyed 



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to the Hudson r. There were 119,407 tons of coal 
raised in 1840, employing a capital of $100,000, 
and 275 persons. The Delaware and Hudson 
Canal Company mine and send to market from 
180 to 200,000 tons of coal annually. One mile 
w. of the village, Fall Brook, a considerable 
stream, has a beautiful cascade, 80 feet high. 
Tliere are in the town 14 stores, cap. $54,500 ; 1 
furnace, 2 tanneries, 1 brewery. 3 saw m. Cap. 
in manuf. $327,000. 4 sch. I'JO scholars. Pop. 2,3:)8. 

Cardiff, p-v., Lafayette t., Onondaga co., N. 
Y., 132 w. N. w. Albany, 335 W. It contains 2 
stores, 1 flouring m., 1 tamiery, 1 distillery, 25 
dwellings, and 150 inhabitants. 

Cardington, p-v., Morven t., Marion co., O., 
36 N. Columbus, 405 W. It has a store, a woollen 
fac, and several mills in the neighborhood. 

Carlinville, p-o., capital of Macoupin co., 
ni., 39 s. s. w. Springfield, 811 W. Situated on 
the N. side of Lake Fork of Macoupin r. in a 
beautiful prairie. It has several stores, 1 sch. 61 
scholars. Pop. 327. A theological seminary, 
under the patronage of the Presbyterian Synod 
of Illinois, was established at this place in 1838. 
It has 700 volumes in its library. 

Carlisle, p-t., Middlesex co., Ms., 19 n. w. 
Boston, 456 W. Concord river runs on its s. e. 
border. Its soil is of a secondary quality. In- 
corporated in 1805. It has I store, cap. $5,000; 
1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $21,200. 

5 sch. 204 scholars. Pop. 556. 

Carlisle, p-t., Schoharie co., N. Y., 36 w. by 
N. Albany, 8 n. w. Schoharie. The surface is 
uneven, and the soil a sandy loam, underlaid with 
limestone. In the vicinity are numerous caverns. 
The V. is on the Cherry valley turnpike, and 
contains 1 Presbyterian church, 2 stores, and 20 
dwellings. It has 2 stores, cap. $4,000 ; 1 fullmg 
m., 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $2,900. 11 sch. 527 scholars. Pop. 1,850. 

Carlisle, p-v., capital of Cumberland county. 
Pa., 15 w. by s. Harrisburg, 103 W. In 40° 
12' N. latitude, 77° 10' w. longitude. The place, 
founded in 1751, is regularly laid out, with streets 
crossing each other at right angles, and is neatly 
built, chiefly with brick or stone houses. Dick- 
inson college is located here, and in the w. part 
of the v. has an elegant building of Hmestone, 4 
stories high, 150 feet in length, and occupying a 
commanding situation. It was founded in 1783, 
under the direction of the Presbyterians ; but 
has some time since gone into the liands of the 
Methodists, and is flourishing. It lias a president 
and 7 professors, or other instructors, 561 alumni. 
140 of whom have been ministers of the gospel, 
109 students, and 10,600 volumes in its libraries. 
The commencement is on the last Thursday in 
September. The other public buildings are, 9 
cliurches — 2 Presbyterian, I Episcopal, 1 Ger- 
man Reformed, 1 Lutheran, 1 Methodist, 1 Asso- 
ciate Presbyterian, 1 Roman Catholic, and 1 
African — a court house, county oflices, market 
house, banldng house, young ladies' seminary, 
&c. There are 6 or 700 houses. Pop. 4,351. 
The Cumberland Valley railroad, extencfing from 
Harrisburg to Chambersburg, passes through the 
place. The United States barracks, half a mile 
from the v., were built in 1777, chiefly by the 
labor of the Hessians captured at Trenton. They 
are sufficient for a garrison of 2,000 men, and the 
general government have recently established a 
cavalry school here. There are in the town 42 
stores, cap. $90,446; 2 lumber yards, cap. $2,000 ; 

6 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 2 breweries, 3 printing 
officeSjl bindery, 3 weekly papers. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $68,750. 1 acad. 90 students, 16 sch. 855 
scholars. 



Carlisle, p-v., Troup co., Ga., 133 w. Mil- 
ledgeville, 751 W. Situated s. side of Flat 
Shoal cr. 

Carlisle, p-v., capital of Nicholas co., Ky., 
53 E. N. E. Frankfort, 496 W. Situated on a small 
branch of Licking r. It contains a court house, 
several stores, 2 sch. 50 scholars. Pop. 256. 

Carlisle, t., Lorain co., O., 3k s. Elyria. Ic 
has a fine soil, well watered by the w. branches 
of Black r., which afford good null seats. There 
is a considerable village on the e. branch of 
Black r., wliicli also runs through the town. The 
village has 1 store, 1 grist ni., 1 saw m. and about 
30 dwellings. The t. has 2 gi-ist m., 5 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $1,300. 6 sch. 273 scholars. 
Pop. 1,094. 

Carlisle, p-v., Sullivan co., la., 100 s. w. 
Indianapolis, 671 W. Situated 2 ms. e. of Bus- 
seron creek. 

Carllsle Mills, p-o.. Perry co.. Miss., 173 s. 
e. Jackson, 1,051 W. 

Carlisle Springs, p-o., Cumberland co., Pa., 
19 w. by s. Harrisburg, 107 W. Here are sul- 
phur springs, 4 n. Carlisle v. 

Carlow, p-o., Hopkins co., Ky., 216 w. s. w. 
Frankfort, 749. 

Carlto.>i, p-t., Orleans co., N. Y., 253 w. by 
N. Albany, 401 W. It Hes on Lake Ontario. 
The surface is level, and the soil sandy and 
gravelly loam. Drained by Oak Orchard creek, 
which enters Lake Ontario. It has 1 store, cap. 
$2,000 ; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 
1 flouring m., 2 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $35,100. 15 sch. 793 scholars. Pop. 2,275. 

Carlton's Store, p~o.. King and Queen co., 
Va., 58 N. E. by e. Richmond, 146 W. 

Carlyle, p-v., capital of Clinton co., 111., 96 
s. by e. Springfield, 771 W. It is situated on the 
w. sideofKaskaskiar., 215 miles above its mouth, 
by the course of the r. Founded in 1818, on the 
border of a prairie. It has a court house, 5 stores, 
1 grist m., 1 saw m., and about 40 dwellings. 

Carmel, p-t., Penobscot co.. Me., 65 n. e. Au- 
gusta, 660 W. Watered by Sowadabscook r. and 
its branches, W'hich afford good water power. It 
has 5 stores, cap. $3,8,'5 ; 1 tannery. 2 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $4,275. 195 scholars in sch. 
Pop. 520. 

Carmel, p-t., capital of Putmanco., N. Y., 100 
s. Albany, 287 W. The surface is hilly, and the 
soil clay and sandy loam, and very fertile. In 
this t. and the vicinity are several small lakes, 
from which some of the head waters of Croton r. 
proceed. The v. is pleasantly situated on the E. 
side of a small lake, and contains a court house, 
a jail, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist church, an acad- 
emy, 3 stores, 40 dwellings, and 250 inhabitants 
There are in the t., 7 stores, cap. $13,600; 3 
fulling m., 1 tannery, 4 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $17,300. 11 sch. 520 scholars. Pop. 
2,263. 

Carmel, p-v., St. Joseph's co., la., 129 n. In- 
dianapolis, 648 W. 

Carmel, p-t., Eaton co., Mich. Pop. 868. 

Carmel Hill, p-o., Chester dist., S. C, 71 n. 
Columbia, 460 W. 

Carmi, p-v., capital of White co., EL, 181 s. E. 
Springfielci, 751 W. Situated on the w. bank of 
Little Wabash r., and contains a court house and 
several dwellings. Pop. 350. 

Car-michaels, p-o., Greene co.. Pa., 190 w. 
by s. Harrisburg, 214 W. 

Carnesville, p-v., capital of Franklin co., Ga., 
Ill N. Milledgeville, 585 W. Situated on Ste- 
phen's creek, and contains a court house, wliich 
cost $4,600, a jail, an academy, and 5 or 6 stores. 
Founded hi 1798. 



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Caroline, county, Md., in the e. part of the 

state, contains 2-10 sq. miles. It has the state of 
Delaware on the e., and the w. branch of Chop- 
tank river on the w. The E. branch of the Chop- 
tiink river passes through the co. Capital, Den- 
ton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,678, 
sheep 5,112, swine 9,379 ; wheat 24,844 bushels 
produced, rye 19,271, Indian com 269,375, oats 
53,725, potatoes, 13,897; 50 stores, cap. $128,550; 
1 tannery, 10 grist m., 13 sawm., 1 printing office, 
1 weekly newspapc-r. Cap. in manufac. $7,050. 
23 sch. 444 scholars. Pop. 1830, 9,070 ; 1840, 
whites 5,334, slaves 752, free col'd 2,551; total, 
7,806. 

Caroline, county, Va., in the e. part of the 
state, bounded n. by Rappahaimock r. It con- 
tains 600 square miles. The surface is hilly and 
broken, and the soil various. Drained by Rap- 
pahannock and Pamunky rivers on its borders, 
and Mattapony r., through its centre. Produce, 
grain and tobacco. Capital, Bowling Green. 
There were in 1810, neat cattle 10,359, sheep 
9,349, swine 19,372 ; wheat 80,938 bushels pro- 
duced, rye 13,117, Ind. corn 575,685, oats 119,936, 
potatoes 18,766, tobacco 773,745 pounds, cotton 
20,005; 18 stores, cap. $132,100; 4 tanneries, 24 
grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,750. 
17 acad. 370 students, 13 sch. 219 scholars. 
Pop. 1830, 17,774; 1840, whites 6,725, slaves 
9,314, free col'd 774; total, 17,813. 

Caroline, p-o., Haywood co., Tenn., 174 w. 
s. w. Nashville, 857 W. 

Caroline, p-t., Tompkins co., N. Y., 12 s. e. 
Ithaca, 150 w. by s. Albany, 331 W. Tlie sur- 
face is hilly ; soil, gravelly and calcareous loam. 
Drained by W. Oswego and Six Mile creeks ; the 
former emptying into the Susquehanna r., and the 
latter into the Cayuga lake. It has 12 stores, 
cap. $41,500 ; 2 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 4 grist m., 
37 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $52,450. 
13 sch. 861 scholars. Pop. 2,457. 

Caroline Centre, p-o., Caroline t., Tomp- 
kins county, N. Y., 173 w. by s. Albany, 330 W. 

Caroline Furnace, p-o., Perry co., Pa., 23 
w. Harrisburg, 133 W. 

Carondelet, p-v., St. Louis co.. Mo., 134 e. 
Jefferson city, 814 W. It is situated on the w. 
bank of Mississippi r., 5 miles below St. Louis. 
There are in the t., 2 acad. 24 students, 1 sch. 20 
scholars. Pop 2,093. 

Carpenter's Landing, p-v., Greenwich t., 
Gloucester co., N. J., 40 s. w. Trenton, 151 W. 
Situated at the head of sloop navigation, on Man- 
tua cr., 7 miles above its entrance into the Dela- 
ware r. It contains a Methodist church, 2 stores, 
and over 30 dwellings. It has considerable trade 
in lumber and wood. Pop. about 250. 

Carpenter's Mills, p-o., Allen co., Ky., 155 
s. w. Frankfort, 678 W. 

Carrick, p-o., Franklin co., Pa., 63 w. s. w. 
Harrisburg, 111 W. 

Carritunk,p-v., Somerset CO., Md., 75 s. s e. 
Annapolis, 70 W. 

Carroll, county, N. H., situated in the e. part 
of the state. It has Wiiinipiseogee lake on its 
s. w. border. Ossipee lake, and a part of Squam 
lake, and several large ponds are within it. It 
has also Ossipee mountain, and other elevated 
summits. Capital, Ossipee. This county formed 
a part of Strafford co., at the time when the cen- 
sus was taken. For statistics, see the towns of 
which it was composed. 

Carroll, county, Md., situated in the n. part 
of the state, and contains 500 sq. miles. Drained 
by Patapsco and 3Ionococy rs. It is a fertile and 
wealthy CO. Capital, Westminster. Tliere were 
in 1840, neat cattle 11,012, sheep 12,565, swine 
14 



23,311; wheat 180,848 bushels produced, rye 
72,091, Ind. corn 25t,3S4, buckwheat 6,060, oats 
209,230, potatoes 112,171, tobacco 238,560 pounds ; 
54 stores, cap. $95,825 ; 7 fulling m., 2 woollen 
fac, 2 cotton fac. 2,032 sp., 1 rope fac, 26 tan- 
neries, 28 distilleries, 1 brewery, 6 potteries, 31 
flouring m., 37 grist m., 61 saw m., 3 oil m., 4 
paper fac, 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspa- 
pers. Cap. in manufac. $207,472. 2 acad. 39 
students, 14 schools, 334 scholars. Pop. whites 
15,221, slaves 1,122, free col'd 898; total, 17,241. 

Carroll, county, Ga., toward the n. w. partof 
the state, having Chattahoochee river on the s. e. 
It contains 800 square miles. The surface is ele- 
vated and broken. Drained by the branches of 
the Tallapoosa r. This county was ceded to 
the United States, by the Cherokees, in 1825, 
at the Treaty of the Indian Springs. Capital, 
Carrollton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 9,572, 
sheep 2,345, swine 15,172 ; wheat 24,552 bushels 
produced, Ind. com 366,840, oats 14,439, potatoes 
6,950, tobacco 14,456 poimds, cotton 354,089; 14 
stores, cap. $40,165; value of gold produced 
$17,370 ; 13 smelting houses, 4 furnaces, 4 cotton 
fac. 54 sp., 4 tanneries, 13 distilleries, 1 flouring 
m., 16 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$32,430. 2 acad. 36 students, 20 sch. 441 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1830, 3,419 ; 1840, wliites 4,725, slaves 
522, free col'd 5 ; total, 5,252. 

Carroll, county. Miss., situated a little n. w. 
of the centre of the state, bounded by Yazoo r. 
on the w., and Big Black r. on the s. e., and 
drained by their branches. It contains 950 sq. 
ms. Capital, Carrollton. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 16,651, sheep 4,137, swine 21,937; 
wheat 6,028 bushels produced, rye 80, Ind. com 
455,205, oats 10,340, potatoes 35,743, cotton 
3,542,051 pounds; 17 stores, cap. $127,500; 17 
tanneries, 2 flouring m., 22 grist m., 8 saw m., 
1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in 
manufac. 113,800. 1 college, 60 students, 3 acad. 
165 students, 1 1 sch. 267 scholars. Pop. whites 
5,136, slaves 5,344, free col'd 1; total, 10,481. 

Carroll, parish. La., situated in the n. e. part 
of the state. Drained by Bayou Bartholomew, 
Bayou Beouff, Bayou Macon, and Tensas r. It 
has the Mississippi river on the e. Capital, Pro- 
vidence. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,670, 
sheep 180, swine 10,414; Ind. corn 168,890 bush, 
prod., potatoes 12,971, cotton 8,476,800 pounds, 
1 saw m., 1 sch. 18 scholars. Pop. wliites 1,146, 
slaves 3,082, free col'd 9 ; total, 4,237. 

Carroll, coimty, Tenn., situated in the w. 
part of the state. It contains 960 sq. ms. It 
forms the height of land between the Tennessee 
and Mississippi rivers, toward both of wliich its 
streams flow. Capital, Huntingdon. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 47,163, sheep 30,635, 
swine 65,349 ; wheat 684,691 bushels produced, 
Ind. com 692,340, oats 74,079, potatoes 34,320, 
tobacco 868,664 poimds, cotton 215,388 ; 13 stores, 
cap. 43,800 ; 9 tanneries, 8 distilleries, 3 flouring 
m., 17 grist m., 12 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 
weekly newspaper. Ciip. in manufac. $40,027. 
35 sch. 923 scholars. Pop. 1830, 9,397 ; 1840, 
whites 10,114, slaves 2,218, free col'd 30; total, 
12,362. 

Carroll, county Ky., situated, centrally, in 
the N. part of the state, on Ohio r., and contains 
140 sq. ms. Drained by Kentucky r. Surface, 
level ; soil, very fertile. Capital, Carrollton. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,392, sheep 
5,944, swine 11,125; wheat 31,888 bushels pro- 
duced, rye 1,895, Ind. com 196,229, oats 18,030, 
potatoes 5,636, tobacco 255,080 pounds ; 1 1 s'ores, 
cap. $42,300 ; 3 tanneries, 3 grist m., 5 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $17,600. 6 sch. 314 scholars. 



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Pop. whites 3,212, slaves 731, free colored 23 ; 
total, 3,966. 

Carroll, county, O., situated in the E. part 
of the state. Established in 1833. It contains 
400 sq. ms. Drained by Sandy, Conoten, and the 
N. fork of Yellow creek. Soil, very fertile. Capi- 
tal, Carrollton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
12,841, sheep 23,382, swine 16,519; wheat 252,428 
bushels produced, rye 22,568, Irid. corn 137,939, 
buckwheat 13,593, oats 218,278, potatoes 38,161; 
16 stores, cap. $39,500; 4 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 
5 flouring m., 11 grist m., 14 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 
printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in 
manufac. $30,250. 1 acad. 32 students, 23 sch. 
681 scholars. Pop. 18,108. 

Carroll, county, la., situated toward the n. 
w. part of the state. It contains 380 sq.ms. The 
Wabash r. passes through it. It has also Deer, 
Rock, and Wildcat creeks. Organized in 1828. 
The surface is generally level, and has both tim- 
ber and prairie land. The Wabash and Erie 
canal passes through it. Capital, Delphi. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 7,903, sheep 5,928, 
swine 17,443; wheat 69,172 bushels produced, 
rye 2,214, Ind. corn 298,331, buckwheat 835, oats 
76,636, potatoes 26,736, sugar 77,650 pounds, 
tobacco 3,773 ; 20 stores, cap. $59,264 ; 7 tan- 
neries, 5 distilleries, 1 pottery, 3 flouring in., 10 
grist m., 30 saw m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly 
newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $89,065 ; 1 acad. 
60 students, 11 sch. 283 scholars. Pop. 1830, 
1,611; 1840,7,819. 

Carroll, county. El., situated in the n. part 
of the state, and contains 445 sq. ms. The sur- 
face is undulating and the soil fertile. The Mis- 
sissippi r. forms its w. boundary. Drained by 
Plum and Rush creeks. Capital, Savanna. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 952, sheep 237, 
swine 2,385 ; wheat 7,226 bushels produced, Ind. 
corn 26,530, oats 10,150, potatoes 7,805 ; 7 stores, 
cap. $12,000 ; 4 sch. 100 scholars. Pop. 1,023. 

Carroll, coimty. Mo., situated toward the n. 
w. part of the state, and has the Missouri r. on 
its s. border, and Grand r. on the n. e. It con- 
tains 700 sq. ms. Drained by Waconda r. and 
branches of Grand r. Capital, Carrollton. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 3,652, sheep 2,113, swine 
16,885; wheat 1,100 bushels produced, Ind. corn 
141,735, oats 10,545, potatoes 6,401, tobacco 7,320 
pounds ; 8 stores, cap. $9,200 ; 1 tannery, 1 dis- 
tillery, 5 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$11,600. 1 sch. 26 scholars. Pop. whites 2,155, 
slaves 268 ; total, 2,423. 

Carroll, county. Ark., situated in the n. w. 
part of the state. Drained by branches of White 
r. and Little Red r. Capital, Carrollton. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 4,300, sheep 2,038, swine 
10,429 ; wheat 4,462 bushels produced, Ind. corn 
119,539, oats 1,252, potatoes 4,82S, tobacco 6,995 
pounds, cotton 6,754; 9 stores, cap. $16,4-48; 3 
distilleries, 12 grist m., 1 saw m., 8 schools, 185 
scholars. Pop. whites 2,707, slaves 137; total, 
2,844 

Carroll, p-t., Coos co., N. H. It lies at the 
base of the White Mountains, on the n. w. Char- 
tered in 1772. The surface is uneven, and its as- 
pect uninviting. It has 1 saw m., 2 sch. 75 schol- 
ars. Pop. 218. 

Carroll, p-t., Chautauque co,, N. Y., 336 w. 
by s. Albany, 313 W. The surface is hilly, and 
the soil sandy loam. Drained by Connewango 
and Stillwater crs. It has 3 stores, cap. $14,000 ; 
2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 22 saw m. Cap. iji manu- 
fac. $5,105. 

Carroll, t., York co.. Pa. It has 3 stores, 
cap. $16,000 ; 2 tanneries, 6 distilleries, 3 grist 
in., 3 saw m. Cap. in manuf. $28,800. Pop. 571. 



Carroll, t., Washington co., Pa. It has 14 
stores, cap. $25,000 ; 3 tanneries. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $2,800. 2 sch. 70 scholars. Pop. 1,235. 

Carroll, t., Ottawa co., O. It has 1 sch. 24 
scholars. Pop. 232. 

Carroll, p-c, Calhoun co., Mich., 121 w. by 
s. Detroit, 586 W. 

Carroll, p-v., Carroll co., la., 59 n. Indian- 
apolis, 616 W. Situated on the n. side of Wa- 
bash r. 

Carroll, t., Cambria county Pa. It has 1 
tannery, 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $300. 5 
sch. 150 scholars. Pop. 696. 

Carroll, t.. Perry co., Pa. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $2,700 ; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 dis- 
tillery, 1 flouring m., 2 grist m., 11 saw m. Cap. 
in manuf. $8,838. 7 sch. 315 scholars. Pop. 1,100. 

Carrollsville, p-v., Tishamingo co., Miss., 
208 N. E. by N. Jackson, 855 W. 

Carrollton, p-v.. Centre t., capital of Carroll 
CO., O., 125 N. E. Columbus, 296 W. It has a 
court house, several stores, and a printing office, 
at which a weekly newspaper is issued. 

Carrollton, p-v., capital of Carroll co., Ky., 
46 N. N. w Frankfort, 588 W. Situated on the 
s. bank of Ohio r., at the junction of Kentucky r. 
It has a court house, jail, 3 churches — 1 Presby- 
terian, 1 Methodist, and I African — 7 stores, 1 
steam saw m., and about 850 inhabitants. 

Carrollton, p-v., capital of Carroll co., Ga., 
131 w. N. w. Milledgeville, 719 W. Situated on 
the s. fork of Tallapoosa r., near the centre of 
the county. It contains a court house, jail, 2 or 
3 stores, and 10 or 12 houses. 

Carrollton, p-v., capital of Pickens co., Ala., 
42 w. Tuscaloosa, 860 W. Situated on the w. 
side of Lubbub cr., and contains a court house 
and several dweUings. 

Carrollton, p-v., capital of Carroll co.. Miss., 
92 N. by E. Jackson, 979 W. Situated on the s. 
side of Big Sandy cr., and contains a court house 
and a few dwellings. 

Carrollton, p-v., capital of Carroll county. 
Ark., 212 n. n. w. Little Rock, 1,146 W. Situ- 
ated on the s. side of Crooked cr. Contains a 
court house and several dwellings. 

Carrollton, p-v., capital of Greene co.. Ill,, 
69 s. w. Springfield, 834 W. It is a pleasant 
village, on the borders of Spring prairie. It has 
a handsome brick court house, 23 stores, 2 steam 
flouring m., 2 steam saw m., and 1 tannery. It 
contains 4 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, 
1 Methodist, and a Reformers' Society. The 
houses of the village are neatly built, many 
of them of brick. The country around is beau- 
tiful and well cultivated. It lias 3 schools, 120 
scholars. Pop. 667. 

Carrollton, p-v., Carroll co.. Mo., 124 n. w. 
JeflTerson city, 1,018 W. It is situated on Wa- 
conda cr., 6 miles n. of Missouri r. It has a neat 
brick court house, and about 300 inhabitants. 

Carrollton, in Centre t., Carroll co., O. It 
has 3 sch. 145 scholars. Pop. 698. 

Carrollville, p-v., Wayne co., Tenn., 113 
s. W.Nashville, 790 W. 

Carrsville, p-0.. Isle of Wight co., Va. 

Carryall, t., Paulding co., Ohio. Pop. 345. 

Carsonville, p-v., Talbot co., Ga., 75 w. s. 
w. Milledgeville, 731 W. 

Carteret, county, N. C. Situated in the s. 
E. part of the state, and contains 600 sq. ms. It 
lies along the Atlantic coast. The surface is 
level ; soil, sandy and marshy, with sandy isles 
and reefs in front, on one of which is Cape Look- 
out. Capital, Beaufort. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 4,721, sheep 2,003, swine 7,034; 
wheat 2,133 bush, produced, Ind. corn 32,674, 



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potatoes 41,120, cotton 4,283 pounds; 15,347 bar- 
rels of tar, pilch, &c., produced, 893 bush, salt ; 
17 stores, cap. $31,300; 7 grist m., 2 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $52,800. 3 sch. 47 scholars. 
Pop. 1830, 6,607; 1840, whites 5,087, slaves 
1,360, free col'd 144 ; total, 6,591. 

Carter's Bridge, p-o., Albemarle co., Va., 
83 w. N. w. Riciimond, 140 W. 

Carter's Crkkk, p-o., Williamson co., Tenn., 
30 s. Nashville, 707 W. 

Carter, county, Tenn. Situated in the n. e. 
corner of the state, and contains 540 sq. ms. 
Drained by Watauga r., a branch of Holston r. 
The surface is elevated, rocky and mountainous, 
on its K. and s. border. Capital, Elizabethtown. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 3,932, sheep 
3,470, swine 11,252: wheat 22,603 bush, produ- 
ced, rye 999, Ind. com 150,041, buckwheat 1,732, 
oats 54,530, potatoes 14,339, silk cocoons 71 lbs., 
tobacco 3,711, sugar 7,092; 4 stores, cap. 
$21,000 ; 3 furnaces, 8 forges, 4 tanneries, 8 
distilleries, 1 powder m., 1 flouring m., 23 grist 
m., 18 saw m., 1 printing office. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $26,495. 2 acad. 48 students, 3 sch. 60 
scholars. Pop. 1830, 6,414 ; 1840, whites 4,998, 
slaves 352, free col'd 22 ; total, 5,372. 

Carter, coiuity, Ky. Situated in the n. e. 
part of the state. Drained by Little Sandy r. 
and Tygarts creek. Surface hilly. Capital, 
Grayson. There were in 1840, neat cattle 3,041, 
sheep 2,968, swine 6,760; wheat 2,155 bush, 
produced, rye 1,532, Ind. corn 99,080, oats 25,550, 
potatoes 4,526, tobacco 3,216 pounds, sugar 7,413, 
salt 8,000 bush. ; 2 tanneries, 5 grist m., 2 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $4,000. 2 sch. 50 scholars. 
Pop. whites 2,711; slaves 186, free col'd 8 ; 
total, 2,905. 

Carter's Hill, p-o., Montgomery co., Ala., 
130 s. E. Tuscaloosa, 841 W. 

Carter's Station, p-o., Greene co., Tenn., 
255 E. Nashville, 441 W. 

Carter's Store, p-o., Nicholas co., Ky., 62 
E. by N. Frankfort, 506 W. 

Cartersville, p-v., Cumberland co., Va., 46 
w. by N. Riclmiond, 124 W. Situated on the 
s. side of James r. 

Cartersville, p-o., Tishamingo co., Miss., 
248 N. N. E. Jackson, 815 W. 

Carthage, p-t., Franklin co.. Me., 41 n. w. 
Augusta, 619 W. Watered by Webb's r., a 
branch of the Androscoggin. It contains several 
ponds, the outlets of which enter Webb's r. In- 
corporated in 1826. It has 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 
8 sch. 248 scholars. Pop. 522. 

Carthage, p-v., Wilna t., Jefferson co., N. Y., 
152 N. w. Albany, 431 W. Situated on the n. 
E. side of Black r., where are 2 bridges. Incor- 
porated in 1841. It has 1 Methodist and 1 Ro- 
man Catholic church, an academy, 10 stores, 1 
furnace, 2 forges, 1 rolling m., 1 nail fac, 1 axe 
fac, 1 flouring m., 2 saw m., 100 dwellings, and 
about 600 inhabitants. The Long Falls, com- 
mencing at this place, furnish extensive water 
power. The r. below, is not navigable ; but 
above, it is boatable 40 miles, to the High Falls, 
where the Black River canal commences. 

Carthage, p-v.. Mill Creek t., Hamilton co., 
O., 8 N. Cincinnati, 116 s. w. Columbus, 502 W. 
It is a pleasant village in the centre of the co., 
which causes it to be the place of large public 
meetings. The annual lair of the Hamilton co. 
Agricultural Society is held here. 

Carthage, p-o., Campbell co., Ky. 

Carthage, p-v., capital of Moore co., N. C, 
79 s. w. Raleigh, 367 W. Situated 3 ms. e. of 
McIjCnnon's cr. It contains a court house and 
several dwellings. 



Carthage, p-v., Tuscaloosa co., Ala., 17 s. 
Tuscaloosa, 835 W. 

Carthage, p-v., capital of Leake co.. Miss., 
57 N. E. Jackson, 961 W. It contains a court 
house and several dwellings. 

Carthage, p-v., capital of Smith co., Tenn., 
52 E. Nashville, 632 W. Situated on the n. side 
of Cumberland r., opposite the entrance of Cany 
Fork cr. It contains 1 church, an academy, 6 
stores, 1 large tobacco stemmery, and about 600 
inhabitants. 

Carthage, t., Athens co., O. Situated in the s. 
E. part of the coimty. The suri'ace is broken 
and hilly, and the soil but moderately good. It 
has 1 store, cap. $2,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 

1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,800. 4 sch. 87 
scholars. Pop. 737. 

Carthage, p-v.. Rush co., la., 32 e. s. e. In- 
dianapolis, 547 W. 
Carthage, v., Brighton t., Monroe co., N. Y., 

2 N. Rochester, at the lower falls of Genesee r. 
Below this, the r. is navigable for steamboats, 5 
ms. to Lake Ontario. It contains 60 dwellings, 
and has an inclined plane with machinery, by 
which articles are drawn up from the landing 
place, 160 feet above, and a flight of 237 steps. 
From the summit, a railroad proceeds to Roches- 
ter. A bridge of a single arch, of 352 feet chord, 
and 196 feet above the water, was built here in 
1819, at a cost of $27,000 ; but fell in 1820, with 
a tremendous crash, and is not likely to be rebuilt. 

Carthage, p-v., capital of Hancock co.. 111., 
106 w. N. w. Springfield, 880 W. Situated 9 ms. 
from the Mississippi r., between Bear and Long 
creeks. Laid out in 1833. It contains 4 stores, 
and various mechanic shops. In the vicinity is 
excellent timber, and abundance of coal. It is a 
growing place. 

Caruthus Cross Roads, p-o., McMlnn co., 
Tenn., 164 Nashville, 553 W. 

Carver, p-t., Plymouth co., Mass., 47 s. E. 
Boston, 447 W. There are several ponds in the 
t., the soil is indifferent, but it has some manu- 
factures. Iron ore is found. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $1,800 ; 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$15,600. 7 sch. 250 scholars. Pop. 995. 

Carversville, p-o., Bucks co.. Pa., 108 e. 
Harrisburg, 170 W. 

Carysville, p-o.. Champaign co., O., 60 w. 
N. w. Columbus, 454 W. 

Cascade, p-o., Pittsylvania co., Va., 192 w. s. 
w. Richmond, 275 W. 

Cascadk, p-o., Dubuque co., Iowa. 

Casco Bav, Cumberland co.. Me. It sets up 
from the Atlantic, between Cape Elizabeth and 
Cape Small Point, 20 miles apart, and afiords 
fine anchorage. It contains 300 islands, mostly 
small, but generally very productive. 

Caseville, p-v., Olive t., Ulster co., N. Y., 
76 s. s. w. Albany, 330 W. It has a church, 1 
grist m., 1 tannery, and a lew scattered dwellings. 

Casev, county, Ky., central in the s. part of 
the state. Drained by the head waters of 
Green r. Salt r. also has its rise here. It con- 
tains 443 sq. ms. Capital, Liberty. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 5,400, sheep 8,361, swine 
25,070; wheat 14,636 bu.sli. ])r<)(lucoJ, rye 10,200, 
Ind. corn 287,025, oats 59,94s, pntatocs 13,263, 
tobacco 51,800 pounds, sugar 22,642; 3 stores, 
cap. .$11,000; 5 tanneries, 9 distilleries, 2 flour- 
ing m., 15 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$14,450. 1 acad., 5 sch. 143 scholars. Pop. 
whites 4,371, slaves 531, free col'd 37 ; total, 
4,939. 

Casev, p-o., Clark co., 111., 121 e. s. e. Spring- 
field, 679 W. 

Caseyville, p-o.. Union co., Ky. 



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Casker's Valley, p-o., Macon co., N. C, 
337 w. by s. Raleigh, 567 W. 

Cashtown, p-v.. Adams co.. Pa., 43 s. w. 
Harrisburg, 83 W. Situated on the turnpike 
road from Gettysburg to Chambersburg. 

Cashville, p-v., Spartanburg dist., S. C, 
102 N. w. Columbia, 48S W. 

Cass, county, Ga., in the n. w. part of the 
state. Drained by Etowah r., and Sulacoe cr. 
Surface liilly ; soil, on the margins of the streams 
very fertile. Capital, Cassville. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 9,141, sheep 3,744, swine 32,691 ; 
wheat 51,613 bush, produced, rye 1,089, Ind. corn 
469,361, oats 49,274, potatoes 10,697, tobacco 6,430 
pounds, cotton 326,403 ; 53 stores, cap. $67,578 ; 2 
lurnaces, 6 tanneries, 15 distilleries, 2 flouring m., 
16 grist m., 14 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly 
newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $19,680. 16 sch. 
468 scholars. Pop. whites 7,331, slaves 1,995, 
free col'd 14 ; total, 9,390. 

Cass, county, Mich. Situated in the s. w. 
part of the state, having the state of Indiana s., 
and contains 528 sq. ms. Drained by St. Jo- 
seph's, Christiana, and Dowagiake rivers. The 
sui-face is gently undulating, and the soil is of a 
superior quality. It is diversified with lakes, 
prairies and oak openings. Capital, Cassopolis. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 7,179, sheep 
5,524, swine 11,411 ; wheat 95,101 bush, produ- 
ced, Ind. com 177,925, buckwheat 1,064, barley 
1,886, oats 98,833, potatoes 132,319, sugar 83,369 
pounds ; 10 stores, cap. $49,700 ; 4 tanneries, 1 
distillery, 2 flouring m., 4 grist m., 22 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $68,817. 25 sch. 827 scholars. 
Pop. 1830, 919 ; 1840, 5,710. 

Cass, county, la. Situated centrally in the 
N. part of the state, and contains 415 sq. ms. 
Watered by Wabash r., and Eel r. Organized 
in 1829. The general face of the country is 
level, and abounds with springs of excellent 
water, and the streams aflTord good mill seats. 
The Wabash and Erie canal passes tiirough the 
CO. Capital, Logansport. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 4,598, sheep 2,015, swine 9,266; 
wheat 23,990 bush, produced, Ind. corn 118,755, 
buckwheat 720, oats 37,304, potatoes 30,496, 
sugar 20,400 pounds ; 27 stores, cap. $7,200 ; 3 
tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 pottery, 3 flouring m., 
2 grist m., 14 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly 
newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $67,300. 13 sch. 
276 scholars. Pop. 5,480. 

Cass, comity. 111. Situated centrally in the 
w. part of the state, and contains 256 sq. ms. 
Drained by branches of Sangamon r., on the n. 
and head branches of Indian and other creeks, 
which fall into the Illinois r., on tlie w. and s. 
The surface is undulating, consisting of timber 
and prairie ; soil, very fertile. (Capital, Vir- 
ginia. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,318, 
sheep 3,098, swine 12,260 ; wheat 25,812 bush, 
produced, Ind. corn 192,83^, oats 21,162, pota- 
toes 12,694, tobacco 350 pounds ; 2 commission 
houses, cap. $10,000 ; 8 stores, cap. $40,476 ; 1 
woollen fac, 1 brewery, 5 grist m., 4 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $5,575. 7 sch. 279 scholars 
Pop. 2,981. 

Cass, p-t., Hancock co., O., 100 n. w. Colum- 
bus, 446 VV. It has 1 store, cap. $500 ; 1 grist m. 
Cap. in manufac. $900. 6 sch. 225 scholars 
Pop. 617. 

Cass, river, Mich., a considerable branch of 
Saginaw r., which it enters 20 miles from its 
mouth. It is a fine mill stream ; and in high 
water, is beatable 15 or 20 miles from its mouth. 

Cass, p-t., Ionia co., Mich., 133 w. n. w. De- 
troit, 620 W. It has 1 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $1,600. Pop. 202. 



Cassadaga Lake, a small body of water in 
Chautauque co., N. Y., wliich gives rise to Cas- 
sadaga cr., a fine mill stream, wliich enters into 
Connewango cr. 

Cassadaga, p-o., Pomfret t., Chautauque co., 
N. Y., 331 w. by s. Albany, 337 W. 

Cassopolis, p-v., capital of Cass co., Mich., 
167 s. w. Detroit, 615 W. It is situated on the 
N. w. border of Stone lake, and has a handsome 
court house, a jail, 5 stores, 100 dwellings, and 
about 400 inhabitants. 

Cassville, p-v., Paris t., Oneida co., N. Y., 
86 N. N. w. Albany, 375 W. Situated on Sau- 
quoit cr. It has 2 churches, 2 stores, 2 grist ra., 
2 saw m., 2 fulling m., 1 distillery, 40 dwellings, 
and about 250 inhabitants. 

Cassville, p-o., Monmouth co., N. J., 25 e. 
Trenton, 188 W. 

Cassville, p-v., capital of Cass co., Ga., 144 
N. w. Milledgeville, 645 W. It contains a court 
house, an academy, 3 churches, 1 Presbyterian, 
1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist, and 4 dwellings. 

Cassville, p-v.. Grant co.. Wis., 126 w. s. w. 
Madison, 928 W. Situated on the e. bank of 
the Mississippi r. It is a place of considerable 
trade, and contains several stores and dwellings. 

Castalian Springs, p-o., Sumner co., Tenn., 
34 N. E. Nashville, 675 W. 

Castile, p-t., Wyoming co., N. Y., 249 w. 
Albany, 358 W. The surface is rolling, soil 
gravelly loam, and well adapted either to grass 
or to grain. The Genesee r. flows on its eastern 
border. Silver lake lies in the n. part of the t. 
The V. has 3 stores, 1 grist m., several saw m., 
and 25 dwellings. There are in the t., 4 stores, 
cap. $2,750 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 
12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $24,800. 17 sch. 
604 scholars. Pop. 2,833. 

Castine, p-t., and seaport, Hancock co.. Me., 
34 s. Bangor, 122 e. n. e. Portland, 75 e. Augus- 
ta, 671 W. The v. is on a peninsula, on the 
E. side of Penobscot bay, opposite to Belfast. 
Settled by the French in 1667, by the English 
in 1760. It has a spacious and excellent harbor, 
accessible at all seasons of the year, and capa- 
ble of receiving ships of the largest class. It is 
a neat and pleasant village. It might easily be 
fortified, so as to make it a place of immense 
strength ; but the British had possession of it in 
the revolutionary, and late war. Its back 
country is not extensive ; but it has considerable 
trade in lumber, and employs considerable ship- 
ping in the coasting trade and the fisheries. 
Tliere are in the t., 27 stores, cap. $97,400, 
$10,200 invested in the fisheries ; 2 tanneries, 1 
grist m. Cap. hi manufac. $14,050. 7 sch. 406 
scholars. Pop. 1,188. 

Castle Ckaig, p-o., Campbell co., Va., 136 w. 
by s. Richmond, 214 W. 

Castle Fin, p-o., York co.. Pa., 55 s. Harris- 
burg, 85 VV. 

Castleman's, r.. Pa., the e. branch of Youghi- 
ogeny r. It is a rapid stream, with many falls. 
Tlic Baltimore and Ohio railroad will pass along 
its banks. 

Castleton, p-t., Rutland co., Vt., 10 w. 
Rutland, 14 e. Whitehall, 74 s. s. w. Montpelier, 
450 W. The surface consists of hills and val- 
leys; soil generally good, and particularly on 
the streams. Watered by Castleton r. In the 
w. part is Lake Bombazuie, mostly in this t., 8 
ms. long, and 2j broad, at the greatest breadth, 
containing a beautiful island of 10 acres. The 
outlet furnishes good mill seats. The v. is 
pleasantly situated on Castleton r. Its public 
buildings are 2 churches, 1 Congregational, and 
1 Methodist, the Rutland co. grammar school, 



CAT 



109 



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and 2 buildings of the Vermont academy of me- 
dicine. The latter was founded in 1818, and in 
1819 was connected with Middlebury college, 
through which its degrees are conferred, either 
at Middlebury or at C'astleton. It has 5 profes- 
sors, 57 students, and 514 graduates. The lec- 
tures commence on the 2d Thursday in March. 
The I. has 1 furnace. 6 stores, 1 grist m., 7 saw 
m., 1 oil m., 1 acad. 190 students, 10 sch. 596 
scholars. Pop. 1,769. 

C.tSTLETON, p-v., Schodack t., Rensselaer 
CO., N. Y., 8 s. by e. Albany, 362 W. Situated 
on the E. bank of Hudson r. Incorporated in 
1827. It has a Methodist church, 5 stores, 3 
store houses, 6 brickyards, 50 dwellings, and about 
350 inhabitants. It has 5 sloops employed on 
ther. 

Castleton, t., Richmond co., N. Y., 155 s. 
Albany. It is situated on the n. end of Staten 
Island. It contains the villages of Tompkinsville 
and New Brighton. The surface of the t. is hilly 
and broken, but the soil is generally fertile, anil 
well cultivated. It has 25 stores, cap. $30,800 ; 
1 lumber yard, cap. $10,000 ; 1 tannery, 5 flouring 
m., 2 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $238,405. 11 
sch. 520 scholars. Pop. 2,263. 

Castor, t., Madison co.. Mo. It has 2 sch. 45 
scholars. Pop. 624. 

Caswell, county, N. C. Situated in the n. 
part of the state, and contains 400 sq. ras. Drain- 
ed by Dan r. and its branches. The soil is pro- 
ductive, and the climate healthy. Capital, Yan- 
ceyville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 9,836, 
sheep 10,075, swine 26,787 ; wheat 78,682 bush, 
produced, rye 2,890, Ind. corn 509,480, oats 
121,885, potatoes 15,528, tobacco 3,665,842 pounds, 
cotton 82,649 ; 22 stores, cap. $206,500 ; 1 cotton 
fac. 1,008 sp., 6 tanneries, 14 distilleries, 6 flour- 
ing m., 21 grist m., 16 saw m., 4 oil m., 1 print 
ing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $134,630. 4 acad. 109 students, 16 sch. 307 
scholars. Pop. 1830, 15.188 ; 1840, whites 7,343, 
slaves 7,024, free col'd 326 ; total, 14,693. 

Catawba, p-o., Chester dist., S. C, 62 n. Co- 
lumbia, 456 W . 

Catahoola, parish. La. Situated toward the 
N. E. part of the state, and contains 2,100 sq. 
ms. It has Tensas r. on its e. border, and Wa- 
chita r., and Macon and Boeuff Bayous, pass 
through it. The e. part is liable to be overflow- 
ed ; but in the w. part, it rises into moderate 
hills. In this part, the water is good, but the 
land is sterile, covered mostly with pine timber. 
On the streams, where it is not overflowed, the 
soil is fertile. Capital, Harrisonburg. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 13,138, sheep 861, swine 
19,931 ; Ind. com 120,986 bush, produced, pota- 
toes 13,057, cotton 2,499,400 pounds ; 5 stores, 
cap. $31,600 ; 51 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. hi 
manufac. $28,250. 1 acad. 50 students, 5 sch. 
103 scholars. Pop. 1830, 2,581 ; 1840, whites 2,935, 
slaves 1,998, free col'd 22 ; total, 4,955. 

Catahoola, river. La., rises in Claiborne par., 
and enters a lake on the s. part of Catahoola 
parish ; and after passing through it, emerges a 
river, which enters Wachita r. This lake, which 
is of considerable dimensions, is filled at high 
water, and drained nearly or quite dry, when the 
r. is low. 

Catawba, r. (See Santee r.) 

Catawba, p-o., Clark co., O., 34 w. Columbus, 
427 W. 

Catawba Creek, p-o., Lincoln co., N. C, 188 
w. by s. Raleigh, 427 W. 

Catawba Springs, p-v., Lincoln co., N. C, 
153 w. by s. Raleigh, 395 W. 

Catawba View, p-o., Caldwell co., N. C, 173| 



w. by s. Raleigh, 410 W. Situated on the s. 
side of Catawba r. 

Catawissa, p-t., Columbia co.. Pa., 81 n. n. e. 
liarrisburg, 191 W. The v. is situated on the 
Susquehanna r., at the mouth of the Catawissa 
cr. The Little Schuylkill and Catawissa rail- 
road passes through it. It h;is 2 furnaces and 2 
forges, 3 stores, cap. $25,000 ; 2 tanneries, 1 pa- 
per fac, 2 flouring m., 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $24,425. 1 acad. 50 students, 7 sch. 
228 scholars. Pop. 2,064. 

Catawissa Forge, p-v., Catawissa t., Colum- 
bia CO., Pa., 87 N. N. E. Harrisburg, 197 W. 

Catawissa Valley, p-o., Schuylkill co.. Pa., 
87 Harrisburg, 197 W. 

Catfish, p-o., Marion dist., S. C, 138 e. Co- 
lumbia, 431 W. 

Catharines, p-t., Chemung co., N. Y., 16 n. 
Elmira, 182 w. by s. Albany, 295 W. The sur- 
face is hilly ; soil, clay, loam, and gravelly. 
Drained by Catharines cr., which flows into 
Seneca lake. Cayuta cr., in the n. part of the 
t., flows into the Susquehanna r. In the v. there 
are 2 churches — 1 Episcopal and 1 Methodist— 2 
stores, 1 taimery, and about 20 dwellings. Pop. 
of the t. 2,424. It has 1 furnace ; 20 stores, cap. 
$62,550 ; 1 tannery, 1 printing office, 1 weekly 
newspaper, 1 flouring m., 2 grist m., 5 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $65,770. 12 sch. 680 scholars. 

Cathey's Creek, p-o.. Buncombe co., N. C, 
294 w. Raleigh, 524 W. 

Catlettsburg, p-v., Greenup co., Ky., 150 e. 
N. e. Frankfort, 410 W. It is on the Ohio r., be- 
low the mouth of Big Sandy r., in the extreme n. 
e. part of the state. It contains only 2 or 3 houses. 

Catlin, t., Chemung co., N. Y., 10 n. Elmira, 
190 w. s. w. Albany. The surface is hilly ; soil, 
gravelly loam. Drained by Catharine's cr. on 
the N., and by tributaries of Chemung r. s. It 
has 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,750. 3 sch. 
92 scholars. Pop. 1,119. 

Cato, p-t., Cayuga co., N. Y., 13 n. Auburn, 
163 w. by N. Albany, 349 W. The surface is 
undulating, and the soil, a fertile sandy loam. It 
has several swamps and small lakes. Seneca r., 
which flows through its s. part, enters and passes 
through Cross lake in its s. E. part. The v. has 
1 church, 2 stores, and about 25 dwellings. Pop. 
of the t. 2,380. It has 1 furnace, 3 stores, cap. 
$15,700 ; 1 tannery, 4 sawm. Cap. in manufac. 
$4,180. 1 acad. 17 students, 13 sch. 872 scholars. 

Cato, p-o.. Clay co.. 111., 126 Springfield. 752 W. 

Cato Four Corners, p-o., Cato t.. Cayuga 
CO., N. Y., 165 w. by n. Albany, 351 W. 

Catonsville, p-v., Baltimore co., Md., 36 
N. Annapolis, 46 W. 

Caton, t., Steuben co., N. Y., 25 s. E. Bath, 
216 w. s. w. Albany. The siu-face is hilly; soil, 
gravelly loam. Watered by tributaries of Che- 
mung r., which afl!brd water power. It has 2 
stores, cap. $8,000; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 
grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $13,440. 5 
sch. 237 scholars. Pop. 797. 

Catron, p-o., Lawrence co., Tenn., 73 s. s. w. 
Nashville, 750 W. 

Catskill, p-t., capital of Greene co., N. Y.,34 
s. Albany, 336 W. The surface is hilly and 
moimtainous on the w., but level toward the 
Hudson r., which washes its E. border. The soil 
is clay, sand, and loam, underlaid with slate, 
limestone, and graywacke. Drained by Cats- 
kill cr. and its tributaries. The v. is pleasantly 
situated on both sides of Catskill cr., near its 
junction with the Hudson river. Incorporated in 
1806. It has a court house, a jail, 5 churches — 1 
Presbyterian, 1 Dutch Reformed, 1 Episcopal, 1 
Baptist, 1 Methodist — 2 banking houses, 20 stores. 



CAU 



110 



CAY 



20 groceries, 2 bookstores, various mechanic 
establishments, 2 furnaces, 1 brewery, 400 dwel- 
lings, and -2,300 inhabitants. Pop. of the t. 5,339. 
There are owiied here 1 steamboat, 4 barges, and 
several sloops, employed between this place and 
New York city. A ferry here crosses the Hud- 
son. The Catskill and Canajoharie railroad com- 
mences here, and is finished and in operation 26 
miles of the distance. The t. has 34 stores, cap. 
S130,200 ; 1 lumber yard, cap. $10,000 ; 2 com. 
houses, cap. ,$73,780 ;" 3 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 
2 furnaces, 2 tanneries, 1 powder m., 2 printing 
offices, 1 bindery, 2 weekly newspapers, 1 flour- 
ing ra., 4 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. m manufac. 
$162,700. 19 sch. 541 scholars. 

Pine Orchard, a fa^'orite summer resort, is 
situated on the brow of the Catskill mountains, 
in the s. e. part of the town, v.here is a large and 
commodious hotel, called the " Mountain House," 
elevated 2,212 feet above the Hudson r., and 
commanding a very extensive and beautiful view 
of die Hudson r., and the country to the E., ex- 
tending to the Green mountain range, in Massa- 
chusetts and Vermont. Nowhere can more wild 
and romantic scenery be found than at this spot. 
A Mttle to the w. of the hotel are 2 ponds, the 
outlets of which imite, and proceed by falls and 
rapids, in a deep ravine, to the plain below. The 
first fall is 180 feet perpendicular, and within a 
short distance is a second fall of about 80 feet. 
By a circuitous path the traveller can pass down 
and go under the rock, and beliind the water of 
the first fall, which presents a singular and in- 
teresting view. Tlie spectator in this mountain 
eyrie often sees thunder storms discharging them- 
selves on the valley beneath him, while he en- 
joys a clear sky. A road is constructed from the 
steamboat landing on the Hudson, on which 
stages constantly run for the transportation of 
travellers, to and from the Mountain House, 
which is 12 ras. distant from Catskill village. 

Catskill Moc.\t.\l\s, N. Y., rise in Ulster 
CO., and extending through Green and Schoharie 
counties, bend, in crescent form, toward the Mo- 
hawk r. Round Top, the highest peak, measur- 
ed by the barometer, is 3,804 teet above tide 
water, and a second peak is 3,718 lieet. On the 
E. front the mountain is precipitous ; but on the 
w. side, the descent is comparatively gentle. In 
these mountains the bear, the wolf, the wildcat, 
and the deer, are still to be found. 

C.\TT.\R.\UGus, county, iV. Y., situated in the 
Vf. part of the state, contains 1,232 sq. ms. The 
surlace is elevated. Cattaraugus cr. and its tribu- 
taries flow .\. into Lake Erie, while the Allegha- 
ny r. with its tributaries, in the s. part, flows to- 
ward the Gulf of Mexico. The soil is fertile, and 
adapted to grazing. Cattle and lumber are ex- 
tensively exported. Peat, marl, bog iron ore, 
manganese and sulphur, and saline springs are 
found. The Genesee Valley canal extends from 
Rochester to Olean, in tWs county, and the New 
I ork and Erie railroad is designed to pass through 
tt. Capital, Ellicottville. There were in 1840, 




o^.^.'"^mJ_^?''^^3/^*P- S-14,900; 6 fulling m.. 



t pounds, sugar 
„ ,, • . „ 1 — r- -»■ — 1 — ; 6 fulling m. 

2 woollen fac, 24 tanneries, 1 pottery, 1 distil- 
lery 26 gnst m.,135 saw m., 2 printing offices, 2 
weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $495,425 

3 acad. 140 students, 189 sch. 7,722 scholars 
Pop. 1830, 16.726 ; 1840, 28,872. «ciiolars. 

Caughn.vwag.v v., Mohawk t., Montgomery 
CO., N. \. bituated on the n. side of Mohawk 
r., connected with Fulton v., opposite, by a toll- 



bridge. It contains 1 Dutch Reformed church, 
erected in 1766, 2 stores, 30 dwellings, and about 
200 inhabitants. 

Cauleysville, p-v., Covington co., Ala., 199 
s, s, E. Tuscaloosa, 895 W. 

Cavehill, p-o., Greene co., Tenn., 271 e. 
Nashville, 450 W. 

Cavendish, p-t., Windsor co., Vt., 74 s. Mont- 
pelier, 466 W. Watered by Black r. and Tw'en- 
ty Mile stream. At the falls on Black r. the 
channel of the r, has been worn down 100 feet 
deep, and rocks of very large dimensions have 
been tmdermined and thrown down one upon 
another. First settled in 1769. It has 5 stores, 
cap. $25,000 ; 13 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 4 tan- 
neries, 2 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$94,250. 17 sch. 426 scholars. Pop. 1,427. 

Cave Spring, p-o., Floyd co., Ga., 178 n. w. 
Milledgeville, 689 W. 

C.4VE Spring, p-o., Maury co., Term., 54 s. s. 
w. Nashville, 730 W. 

Cave Spring, p-o., Pulaski co.. Mo., 115 s 
Jeflferson city, 1,030 W. 

Cavetown, p-v., Washington co., Md., 107 n. 
w. Annapolis, 77 W. 

Cayuga, county, N. Y. Situated centrally in 
the N. part of the state, and contains 648 sq. ms. 
It extends n. to Lake Ontario. It has a produc- 
tive soU, and is well watered. It has salt springs, 
which were formerly worked, and are second in 
the state only to those of Onondaga. Gypsum is 
also found, and several sulphur springs. Owasco 
lake lies in the centre of the co., and Cayuga 
lake on its w. border, and Skeneateles lake on 
its E. border. Seneca r. flows through it. The 
Erie canal and the Western railroad pass through 
it. Capital, Auburn. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 45,516, sheep 188,152, swine 63,153; wheat 
57,'^,436 bush, produced, rve 3,321, Ind. com. 
568,011, buckwheat 40,669," barley 81,440, oats 
527,038, potatoes 687,305, hops 2,615pounds, sugar 
206,545 ; 3,250 bush, salt produced ; 3 commis- 
sion houses in for. trade., cap. $7,000 ; 165 stores, 
cap. $784,547; 7 lumber yards, cap. $16,800; 7 
furnaces, 22 fulling m., 8 woollen fac, 2 cotton 
fac. 6,184 sp,, 1 dyeing and print establishment, 29 
tanneries, 4 distilleries, 1 brewery, 1 rope fac, 
9 flourhig m., 42 grist m., 112 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 
paper fac, 4 printing offices, 1 bindery, 1 daily, 
3 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufactures 
$1,304,375. 1 college, 48 students, 8 acad. 601 
students, 311 sch. 16,243 scholars. Pop. 1830, 
47,948 ; 1840, 50,338. 

Cayuga Lake, N. Y., lies between Seneca 
and Tompkins counties, is 40 ms. long, and from 
1 to 3i broad. It is very deep, and has fine fish. 
A steamboat passes through it from Cayuga 
bridge to Ithaca, calling at the intermediate places. 
Its shores are highly cultivated. Its outlet flows 
into Seneca r. 

Cayuga, p-v., Aurelius t., Cayuga co., N. Y., 
162 w. by N. Albany, 339 W. It is situated on 
the n. e. part of Cayuga lake, and contains 3 
stores, 1 church, 50 dwellings, and about 300 in- 
habitants. Here is a bridge across Cayuga lake 
over a mile in length, and a railroad bridge, still 
longer. A steamboat runs from this place to 
Ithaca, at the head of the lake, 40 miles. 

Cayuga, p-o., Jackson co., Mich., 100 w. De- 
troit, 570 W 

Cayuga, p-o., Hinds co., Mss., 37 s. w. Jack- 
son, 1,047 W. 

Cayuta, p-t., Chemung co., N. Y., 12 n. e. 
Elmira, 188 w. s. w. Albany, 289 W. The sur- 
face is hilly and broken, and the natural growth 
hemlock and pine. Drained by Cayuta cr. and 
its tributaries. It has 2 stores, cap. $6,000 ; 1 



CED 



111 



CEN 



tannery, 3 grist m., 7 saw. Capital in man- 
ufactures, §11,580. 6 sch. 225 scholars. Pop. 
835. 

Cazenovia, p-t., Madison CO., N. Y., 113 w. by 
N. Albany, 348 W. The surface is elevated and 
undulating; and the soil, a fertile gravelly loam. 
Watered by Cazeno\ia lake and Chittenango cr., 
vvliich flows N. into Oneida lake. It has 16 stores, 
cap. 862,370; 5 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 6 tan- 
neries, 2 distilleries, 1 paper fac, 4 printing offi- 
ces, 1 bindery, 1 weekly newspaper, 2 periodicals, 
6 grist m., 16 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. 
8236,905. 1 acad. 399 students, 32 sch. 1,117 
scholars. Pop. 4,153. 

Cazenovia, p-o.. Cook co.. 111., 215 n. e. by n. 
Springfield, 728 W. 

Cearcv, t., PhUlips CO., Ark. Pop. 359. 

Cecil, county, Md., situated in the n. e. part 
of the state, and contains 264 sq, ms. The sur- 
face is undulating, and the soil moderately good. 
It is favorably situated for commerce, being ac- 
cessible by the Chesapeake bay, which bounds E. Tuscaloosa, 749' W 



Cedar Creek, p-o., Dooly co^ Ga., 103 s. s. 
w. Milledgeville, 760 W. 

Ced.\r Creek, p-o., Owen co., Ky., 17 x. 
Frankfort, 559 W. 

Cedar Creek, t., Allen co., la. It has 1 sch., 
35 scholars. Pop. 189. 

Cedar Creek, p-o^ Greene co., Tenn., 253 
E. Nashville, 451 W. 

Cedar Creek, p-o., Warren co.. 111., 127 n. 
w. Springfield, 857 W. 

Cedar Creek, p-o., Lowndes co., Miss,, 143 
N. E. Jackson, 897 W. 

Cedar Creek Mills, p-o., Stephenson co- 
Ill., 206 X. Springfield, 838 W. 

Cedar Grove, p-o.. Orange co., N. C, 48 n. 
w. Raleigh, 284 W. 

Cedar Grove, p-o.. Union dist., S. C, 76 n. w. 
Columbia, 470 W. 

Cedar Grove, p-o., Wilson co., Tenn^ 25 e. 
Nashville, 659 W. 

Cedar Grove, p-o., Jefferson co., Ala., 95 n. 



it on the w. The Su.squehanna r. runs on its 
w. border, and Elk r. penetrates its central part. 
The Chesapeake and Delaware canal {passes 
through it. Capital, Elkton. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 9,779, sheep 8,936, swine 13,854; 
wheat 107,233 bush, produced, rye 1,802, Ind. 
corn 276,621, buckwheat 6,480, oats 254,891, po- 
tatoes 40,734, hops 583 pounds ; 71 stores, cap. 
.?il41,675 ; 5 lumber yards, cap. .$17,000 ; 5 forges, 
3 fulling ra., 3 woollen fac, 2 cotton fac. 124 sp., 
n tanneries, 1 pottery, 1 flouring m., 27 grist m., 
35 saw m., 5 paper fac, 2 printing offices, 2 
weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. 8109,838. 
3 acad. 107 students, 29 sch. 1,050 scholars. Pop. 
1830, 15,432 ; 1840, whites 13,329, slaves 1,352, 
free col'd 2,551 ; total, 17,232. 

Ceciltow.v, p-v., Cecil co., Md., 78 n. e. An- 
napolis, 1 12 W. 

Cecil, t., Washington co., Pa., 10 n. e. Wash- 
ington, Pa. The surface is various ; soU, loam. 
Coal is abundant. 3Iiller's branch of Chartiers 
cr. passes through it. It contains a Presbyterian 
church. It has 3 stores, cap. $6,000 ; 3 flouring 
m., 3 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufactures, 
88,000 ; 3 sch. 105 scholars. Pop. 1,027. 

Cecil's Tavern, p-o., Anne Arundel co., Md., 
30 N. w. Annapolis, 33 W. 

Cedar, county, Iowa, situated in the central 
part of the Ter. Watered by Cedar cr. and its 
branches. Rock run. Rock cr., and Sugar cr. 
Wabesipinica r. passes through its n. e. comer. 
Capital, Tipton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
1,274, sheep 328, swine 345 ; wheat 14,464 bush, 
produced, Ind. corn 49.317, oats 12,120, potatoes 
8,731, sugar 13,529 pounds ; 3 stores, cap. $1,500 ; 
2 flouring m., 5 grist m., 4 saw m. Pop. 1,253. 

Cedar, t., Boone co.. Mo. Pop. 3,313. 

Cedar, t., Callaway co., 3Io. It has 2 sch. 
50 scholars. Pop. 1,896. 

Cedar, p-o., Lj\-ingston co., Mich., 59 w. by n. 
Detroit, 562 W. 

Cedar Bluff, p-v., capital of Cherokee co., 
Ala., 152 N. e. Tuscaloosa, 677 W. 

Cedar Branch, p-o., Campbell co., Ga. 

Cedar Creek, t.. Cooper co.. Mo. It has 2 
sch. 42 scholars. Pop. 664. 

Cedar Creek, p-o., Monmouth co., N. J., 46 
s. E. Trenton, 207 W. 

Cedar Creek, pnv. and hundred, Sussex co., 
Del. It has 5 stores, cap. $6,500; 10 grist m., 6 
saw m., 2 sch. 27 scholars. Pop. 2,420. 

Cedar Creek, p-o., Frederick co., Va., 158 n. 
N. w. Richmond, 86 W. 

Cedar Creek, p-o., Richland dist., S. C, 14 
e. C olurabia, 514 W. 



Cedar Grove, p-o., Franklin co., la., 76 e. s. 
e. Indianapolis, 521 W. 

Cedar Grove Mills, p-o., Rockbridge co., 
Va., 153 w. Richmond, 195 W. It contains 2 
stores, and 1 flouring m. 

Cedar Hill, p-o., Bethlehem t^ Albany co., 
N. Y., 8 s. by w\ Albany, 363 W. 

Cedar Hill, p-o., Anson co., N. C, 155 s. w. 
Raleigh, 400 W. 

Cedar Lake, p-o., Calhoun co., Mich., 110 w. 
Detroit, 575 W. 

Cedar Lake, p-o.. Lake co., la. 

Cedar Lawn, p-o., Lunenburg co., Va^ 104 s. 
w. Richmond, 220 W. 

Cedar Plains, p-o., Morgan co., Ala., 124 n. 
N. E. Tuscaloosa, 747 W. 

Cedar River, p-o.. Cedar co., Iowa. 

Cedar Shoals, p-o., Chester dist., S. C, 57 N. 
Columbia, 450 W. 

Cedar Spring, p-o., Cumberland co.. Pa. 

Cedar Spri.vgs, p-o^ Spartanburg dist., S. C, 
96 N. w. Columbia, 477 W. 

Cedar Swamp, p-v., Oyster Bay t., Queens 
CO., N. Y., 173 s. by e. Albany, 253 W. 

Cedartow.v, p-v., capital of Paulding co., Ga., 
151 N. w. Milledge\-ille, 691 W. Situated on the 
.N. side of Tallapoosa r. It contains the usual 
coimty buildings. 

Ced.\r Vallev, p-o^ Wayne co„ O. 

Cedarville, p-v., Litchfield t., Herkimer co., 
N. Y., 79 w. by n. Albany, 333 W. It has 2 
churches, 2 stores, 1 tannery, and a number of 
dwellings. 

Cedarville, p-v., Fairfield t., Cumberland 
CO., N. J., 75 s. by w. Trenton, 186 W. It is 
pleasantly situated on Cedar cr., 4 ms. from its 
mouth. It has 1 store, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., an 
extensive button fac, and 60 dwellings. It has 
some trade in wood and lumber. 

Cedarville, p-o., Washington co., Va., 297 
w. by s. Richmond, 365 W. 

Celina. p-v., capital of Mercer co., O., 127 w. 
N. w. Columbus, 507 W. Situated on the n. of 
the Grand Reservoir of the Miami canal, which 
will be 10 ms. long and 5 broad, when completed. 
It has a court house, 1 Presbyterian church, 3 
stores, 75 dwellings, and about 500 inhabitants. 

Celina, p-o., Jackson co., Tenn^ 91 e. Nash- 
ville, 630 W. 

Ce.\tenx.ary College, p-o., Rankin county. 
Miss. 

Central, t., St. Louis co.. Mo. It has 5 sch. 
135 scholars. Pop. 1,924. 

Central, p-o., Columbia co., Pa., 118 n. by e 
Harrisburg, 228 W. 



CEN 



112 



CEN 



Central Bridge, p-o., Schoharie t., Schoharie 
CO., N. Y., 32 w. Albany, 3S8 W. 

Central Sciuare, p-o., HastinKS t., Oswego 
CO., N. Y., 144 w. N. w. Albany, 365 W. 

Central Plains, p-o., Fluvanna co., Va. 

Central Point, p-o., Caroline co., Va. 

Central Village, p-v., Wmdham co., Ct., 
43 E. Hartford, 374 W^. Situated on the Norwich 
and Worcester railroad. 

Centre, p-t.. Perry co., Pa., 36 n. w. Harrisburg, 
124 W. It has 5 stores, cap. $20,300 ; 2 furnaces, 
3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 2 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. 
in nianufac. $22,725. 2 sch. 80 scholars. Pop. 982. 

Centre, county, Pa., situated in the central 
part of the state, and contains 1,560 sq. ms. It 
has a branch of the Susquehanna river on the w. 
and is drained by Bald Eagle and Penn's creeks. 
The sui-face is rocky and mountainous, and the 
soil is indifferent, exceptmg on the streams, where 
it is good. It produces grain, cattle, lumber, and 
iron. Capital, Bellefonte. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 15,494, sheep 17,485, swine 29,961 ; 
wheat 313,511 bush, produced, rye 141,045, Ind. 
com 204,122, buckwheat 8,946, barley 10,189, oats 
228,601, potatoes 107,547 ; 87,000 bush, bitumin- 
ous coal produced ; 48 stores, cap. $158,950 ; 7 
furnaces, 9 forges, 3 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 20 
tanneries, 2 distilleries, 1 brewery, 2 potteries, 35 
grist m., 61 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 printing offices, 2 
weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $173,000. 

2 acad. 53 students, 79 sch. 2,770 scholars. Pop. 
1830, 18,879 ; 1840, 20,492. 

Centre, t.. Green co.. Pa. The surface is 
hilly ; soil, loam. Drained by Ten Mile cr. and 
its branches. It contains the v. of Clinton. It 
has 2 stores, cap. $5,000 ; 1 fulling m., 4 distille- 
ries, 3 grist m., 6 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in man- 
ufee. $11,815. 9 sch. 197 scholars. Pop. 1,503. 

Centre t., Indiana co., Pa. The surface is 
hilly ; soil, loam and clay. Drained by Yellow 
and Twolick creeks, which flow into Blacklick r. 
It has 2 stores, cap. $900 ; 1 woollen fac, 2 tan- 
neries, 4 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8, 150. 
1 acad. 33 students, 4 sch. 148 scholars. Pop. 1,615. 

Centre, t.. Union co.. Pa. The surface is di- 
versified ; soil, partly calcareous loam. Drained 
by Penn's, and Little Mahonialy, or Middle crs. 
It contains the villages of Middleburg and Cen- 
treville. It has 5 stores, cap. 20,000 ; 3 tanneries, 

3 distilleries, 1 pottery, 3 grist m., 6 saw m., 1 oil 
m. Cap. in manufac. $3,600. Pop. 1,891. 

Centre, p-o.. Barren co., Ky., 106 s. w. Frank- 
fort, 629 W. 

Centre, p-o., Guilford co., N. C, 88 w. n. w. 
Raleigh, 313 W. 

Centre, p-o., Talbot co., Ga., 87 w. s. w. Mil- 
ledgoville, 731 W. 

Centre, p-o., Delaware co., O., 32 n. Colum- 
bus, 402 W. 

Centre, t.,VV^oodco.,0. It has 2 sch. 49 scho- 
lars. Pop. 98. 

Centre, t., Morgan co., O. It has 3 grist m., 
1 saw m. C:ap. in manufac. $4,625. 7 sch. 209 
scholars. Pop. 1,171. 

Centre, t., Williams co., O. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $1,300 ; 1 sch. 24 scholars. Pop. 339. 

Centre, p-t.. Grant co., la., 67. n. n. e. Indian- 
apolis, 568 W. 

Centre t, Monroe co., O. It has 3 sch. 71 
scholars. Pop. 1,740. 

Centre, t., Mercer co., O. Pop. 159. 

*^rf7'^*J^' h t^uernsey co., O., situated a little 
E. ot Cambridge, on the national road It has 4 
sch. 104 scholars. Pop. 1,159. 

Centre, t., Carroll co., O. It contains Carroll- 
ton v., the capital of the co. It has 3 sch. 66 scho- 
lars. Pop. 441. 



Centre, t., Crawford co., O. It has 1 ech. 13 
scholars. Pop. 132. 

Centre, t., Columbiana co., O. It contains 
the V. of New Lisbon, the capital of the co. nie 
Little Beaver r. runs through the t., and also the 
Sandy and Beaver canal. Pop. 3,197. 

Centre, t., Hancock co., la. It has 8 stores, 
cap. $41,725; 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 2 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $13,900. 2 sch. 60 scholars. Pop. 722. 

Centre, t., Wayne co., la. It has 1 acad. 75 
students, 10 sch. 318 scholars. Pop. 3,058. 

Centre, t., Marion co., la. (See Indianapolis.) 

Centre Almond, p-o.. Almond t., Alleghany 
CO., N. Y., 250 w. by s. Albany, 325 W. 

Centre Barnstead, p-o., Barnstead t., Bel- 
knap CO., N. H., 21 N. E. Concord, 502 W. 

Centre Belphri, p-o., Washington co., O., 
110 E. s. E. Columbus, 311 W. 

Centre Berlin, p-o., Berlin t., Rensselaer co., 
N. Y., 28 e. Albany, 385 W. 

Centreburg, p-v., Liberty t., Knox co., O., 36 
N. E. Columbus, 391 W. Situated on the s. side 
of the N. Fork of Licking r. It contains 1 store 
and 12 dwellings. 

Centre Cambridge, p-o., Cambridge t., Wash- 
ington CO., N. Y., 39 N. N. e. Albany, 409 W. 

Centre Conway, p-o., Conway t., Carroll co., 
N. 11., 72 N. n. w. Concord, 556 W 

Centre Farming ton, p-o., Farmington town, 
Trumbull co., O., 169 n. e. Columbus, 317 W. 

Centrefield, p-v., Canandaigua t., Ontario 
CO., N. Y., 199 w. by n. Albany, 345 W. It con- 
tains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Episcopal church, 1 
store, and 20 dwellings. 

Centre Gorham, p-o., Gorham t., Ontario co., 
N. Y., 201 w. by n. Albany, 335 W. 

Centre Groton, Groton t.. New London co., 
Ct., 48 s. e. Hartford, 353 W. 

Centre Grove, p-o., Leake co.. Miss., 58 n. 
e. Jackson, 973 W. 

Centre Harbor, p-t., Belknap co., N. H., 41 
N. Concord, 522 W. It has Winnipiseogee lake 
on the s. e. border, and Squam lake on the n. w. 
Tlie surface is varied, and the soU generally a 
fertile loam. First settled in 1765. It has 1 store, 
cap. $1,500 ; 2sawm. Cap. in manufec. $142,575. 
6 sell. 211 scholars. Pop. 579. 

Centre Hill, p-v., Bucks county, Pa., Ill e. 
Harrisburg, 173 W. 

Centre Independence, p-o.. Independence t., 
Alleghany co., N. Y ., 270 w. by s. Albany, 306 W. 

Centre Lebanon, p-o., Lebanon t., York co., 
Me., 91 s. w. Augusta. 513 W. 

Centre Lincolnville, p-o., Lincolnville t., 
Waldo CO., Me., 44 E. s. e. Augusta, 633 W. 

Centre Line, p-o.. Centre co.. Pa., 105 n. w. 
Harrisburg, 174 W. 

Centre Minot, p-o., Minot t., Cumberland co.. 
Me., 41 s. w. Augusta, 582 W. 

Centre Montville, p-o., Montville t., Wal- 
do CO., Me., 32 E. by n. Augusta, 628 W. 

Centre Moreland, p-v., Luzerne co.. Pa., 
136 n. n. e. Harrisburg, 245 W. 

Centre Ossipee, p-o., Ossipee t., Carroll co., 
N. H., 57 N. by e. Concord, 53S W. 

Centre Point, p-o., Monroe co., Ky., 143 s. 
s. w. Frankfort, 656 W. 

Centre Port, p-v., Huntington t., Suffolk co., 
N. Y., 192 s. s. E. Albany, 272 W. Situated on 
Great Cow Harbor, and contains 1 church, 2 
stores, 1 mill, and 15 or 20 dwellmgs. 

Centrefort, p-o., Wayne co., Mich., 16 s. w. 
DeUoit, 540 W. 

Centre Sandwich, p-o.. Sandwich t., Carroll 
CO., N. II., 51 N. Concord, 532 W. 

Centre Sherman, p-o., Sherman t., Chan- 
tauque CO., N. Y., 358 w. by s. Albany, 342 W. 



CEN 



113 



CHA 



Centre Sidney, p-o., Sidney t., Kennebec co., 
Me., 12 N. Augusta, 607 W. 

Centre Strafford, p-o., Strafford t., and co., 
N. H., 29 N. E. Concord, 510 W. 

Ce.vtretown, p-o., Mercer co., Pa., 225 w. n. 
w. Harrisburg, 272 W. 

Centre Vill.\ge, p-v., Camden co., Ga. 

Centreville, p-v., Barnstable t., Barnstable 
CO., Ms., 78 s. E. Boston, 476 W. It contains a 
Congregational church and several dwellings. 

Centreville, p-v., Warwick t., Kent co., R. 
I., 11 s. s. w. Providence, 397 W. Situated on 
the E. side of Pavvtuxet r. It contains a Method- 
ist church, 2 cotton fac, several stores and dwel- 
lings. 

Centreville, p-t., Alleghany co., N. Y., 265 
w. by s. Albany, 342 W. The surface is undu- 
lating ; soil, argillaceous mould, adapted equally 
to grass and to grain. At the post-office is a small 
V. There are in the t., 1 store, cap. $2,500 ; 2 
tanneries, 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$6,250. 7 sch. 236 scholars. Pop. 1,513. 

Centreville, p-o., Hunterdon co., N. J., 32 
N. Trenton, 192 W. 

Centreville, v., Slippery Rock t., Butler co., 
Pa., contains 5 stores, and 50 or 60 buildings, 
chiefly of brick. 

Centreville, p-v., Crawford co., Pa., 237 n. 
w. Harrisburg, 318 W. 

Centreville, p-v., Washington t., Montgom- 
ery CO., O., 9 s. by e. Dayton, 75 w. s. w. Colum- 
bus, 468 W. It contains 3 churches, 3 stores, 
about 60 dwellings, and about 450 inhabitants. 
It is beautifully situated on elevated ground, siu"- 
rounded by a well cultivated country. The build- 
ings are chiefly constructed of stone, quarried on 
the spot. 

Centreville, p-v., capital of St. Joseph co., 
Mich., 139 w. s. w. Detroit, 587 W. It is pleas- 
antly situated on Prairie r. It has a court house, 
jail, 3 stores, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m., and a prmt- 
ing office. It is tlie seat of one of the branches 
of the University of Michigan. 

Centreville, p-v.. New Castle co., Del., 54 
N. Dover, 127 W. 

Centreville, v., Mt. Pleasant t., Wayne co.. 
Pa. 

Centreville, p-v., capital of Queen Anne 
CO., Md., 39 E. by n. Annapolis, 79 W. It con- 
tains a court house, a jail, a Methodist church, an 
academy, and about 60 buildings. 

Centreville, p-v., Fairfax co., Va., 114 n. 
Richmond, 28 W. It occupies an elevated and 
healthy position, with fine views of the smTound- 
ing country, and contains a Methodist church, 3 
stores, 2 tarmeries, several mechanics, 40 dwel- 
lings, and 240 inhabitants. 

Centreville, p-v., Laurens dist., S. C, 91 n. 
W. Columbia, 499 W. 

Centreville, p-v., Wilkes co., Ga., 77 n. n. 
E. Milledge\-ille, 532 W. 

Centreville, p-v., capital of Bibb co., Ala., 
38 s. E. Tuscaloosa, 806 W. Situated on the E. 
side of Cahawba r., at the lowei- falls. It con- 
tains a court house, and several stores and dwel- 
lings. 

Centreville, p-v., Amitie co.. Miss., 117 s. s. 
w. Jackson, 1,117 W. SiUiated at the head of 
Dawsons cr., a branch of Amitie r. 

Centreville, p-v., St. Mary's par.. La., 139 
w. by s. New Orleans, 1,111 W. Situated on the 
s. side of Bayou Teche. 

Centreville, p-v., Bourbon co., Ky., 28 e. 
Frankfort, 515 W. 

Centreville, p-v., capital of Hickman co., 
Tenn., 54 s. w. Nashville, 378 W. Situated on 
the s. side of Duck cr., a branch of Tennessee r. 
15 



It contains a court house, a jail, a church, and sev- 
eral dwelljjigs. 

Centreville, p-v., capital of Wayne co., la., 
62 E. Indianapolis, 509 W. Situated on the e. 
side of White- water r. It contains a court house 
and several stores and dwellings. 

Centreville, p-o., Wabash co.. 111., 159 s. e. 
Springfield, 721 W. 

Centre White Creek, p-v.. White Creek 
t., Washington co., N. Y., 39 n. e. Albany, 409 
W. It contains 1 Baptist church, 1 store, and 25 
or 30 dwellings, not very compact. 

Ceres, t., McKean co.. Pa., 16 n. w.. Smith- 
port. The surface is rolling ; soil, gravel and 
loam. Drained by Tunangwant, Willow, Su- 
gar, and Kenjua crs. It has 2 stores, cap. .$9,000 ; 
1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $18,650. 
4 sch. 1 12 scholars. Pop. 625. 

Cerestown, p-v., Keating t., McKean co., Pa., 
193 N. w. Harrisburg, 303 W. Situated on a 
branch of the Alleghany r. It contams a mill, 
and 6 or 8 dwellings. 

Cerulean Springs, p-v., Trigg co., Ky., 223 
s. w. by w. Frankfort, 11 n. Cadiz, the capital of 
the CO., 747 W. Situated on the Muddy Fork of 
Little r. About 100 persons resort here every 
season, for health or pleasure. 

Cessna, t., Hardin co., O., pop. 258. 

Chagrin Falls,p-v., Orange t., Cuyahoga co., 
O., 153 N. E. Columbus, 311 "W. It contains 2 
churches, 1 paper m., and 2 woollen fac. Pop. 200. 

Chalk Level, p-o., Pittsylvania co., Va., 150 
s. w. Richmond, 233 W. 

Chalk Level, p-o., Cumberland co., N. C, 44 
s. Raleigh, 332 W. 

Chalk Level, p-v., Humplircys co., Term., 
70 w. Nashville. 

Chalmers, p-o., Niagara t., Niagara co., N. Y., 
291 w. by N. Albany, 410 W. 

Chamberland, p-v., McNairy co., Tenn., 146 
s. w. by w. Nashville, 823 W. 

Chambers, county, Ala., situated in the e. part 
of the state, and contains 700 sq. ms. The Chat- 
tahoochee r. washes its e. border. Surface, un- 
dulating; soil, fertile. Capital, La Fayette. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 16,931, sheep 5,588, swine 
32,262; wheat 42,651 bush, produced, Ind. com 
419,135, oats 14,124, potatoes 17,192, rice 3,600 
pounds, tobacco 3,100, cotton 513,037, silk cocoons 
200 ; 28 stores, cap. $13S,100 ; 10 grist m., 14 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $50,700. 8 acad. 427 stu- 
dents, 21 sch. 680 scholars. Pop. whites 10,183, 
slaves 7,141, free col'd 4 ; total, 17,333. 

Cn.^MBERsr.URG, p-b.. Capital of Franklin co.. 
Pa., 45 s. w. Harrisburg, 90 W. It is finely sit- 
uated in the valley of Conecocheague creek, a 
branch of the Potomac r. Founded in 1764. It 
has a court house of brick, which cost $50,000 ; 
the county offices, a fine banking house, 8 church- 
es — 1 Presbyterian, 2 German Reformed, 1 Lu- 
theran, 1 Methodist, 1 United Brethren, 1 Roman 
Catholic, and 1 African 3Iethodist. It has 38 
stores, cap. $135,400; 1 tannery, 1 pottery, 1 pa- 
per fac, 1 cotton fac, 1 woollen fac, 1 oil m., 1 
edge tool fac, 2 flouring m., in one of which straw 
paper is also manufactured, 4 printing offices, one 
of which belongs to the German Reformed church 
of the state, 4 weekly and 1 semi-weekly news- 
papers, an insurance company, a saving lund so- 
ciety, and numerous mechanic and manufactur- 
ing establishments. Cap. in manufac. $131,450. 
4 acad. 120 students, 6 sch. 205 scholars. Pop. 
in 1840, 3,239 ; 1842, 4,030. The Conecocheague 
and Falling Spring crs. imite in the borough, and 
afford good water power. 

Chambersburg, p-v., Butler t., Montgomery 
CO., O., 75 s. w. Columbus, 463 W. 



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Chambersburg, p-v., Pike co., 111., 63 vv.by s. 
Springfield, 843 W. 

Chambers, C;. H., or La Fayette, p-v., capital 
of Chambers co., Ala., 164 e. by s. Tuscaloosa, 
769 W. It contains the court house, and a few 
dwellings. 

Chambers Mill.?, p-o., Buckingham co., Va., 
81 w. Richmond, 155 W. 

Chambersburg, v., West t., Columbia co., O. 
Pop. 82. 

Chamblissburg, p-v., Bradford co., Va., 156 
w. by s. Richmond, 231 W. 

Cha.meleon Springs, p-o., Edmonson co., Ky., 
135 s. w. Franlifort, 658 W. 

Champaign, county, O. Situated toward the 
w. part of the state, and contains 464 sq. ms. 
The surface is generally level, in some parts roll- 
ing, and in some, low and wet. The soil is very 
productive. Watered by Mad r., and Buck, Net- 
tle, Chapman's, King's, and Stony creeks. The 
Mad River and Erie railroad is designed to run 
through the county. Capital, Urbanna. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 15,356, sheep 36,450, 
swine 13,669 ; wheat 160,624 bush, produced, 
rye 8,089, Ind. com 292,502, buckwheat 786, 
barley 2,776, oats 206,536, potatoes 32,795, silk 
cocoons 50 pounds, sugar 132,2'J2, hops 1,369 ; 
23 stores, cap. $15,950 ; 1 fulling m., ) woollen 
fac, 11 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 5 flouring m., 6 
grist m., 29 saw m., 1 oil m., 1 printing office. 
Cap. in raanufac. $4,000. 50 sch. 1,211 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1830, 12,130; 1840,16,721. 

Champaign, county. 111. Situated in the e. 
part of the state, and contains 792 sq. ms. The 
surface is undulating, with large prairies, the soil 
is fertile. Drained by Embarrass, Kaskaskia, 
Sangamon, Illinois, and Verradlion rivers. Capi- 
tal, Urbanna. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
1,754, sheep 1,864, swine 5,554 ; wheat 5,975 
bush, produced, Ind. corn 96,205, oats 16,895, po- 
tatoes 3,153, tobacco 1,427 poimds ; 3 stores, cap. 
$10,750 ; 1 woollen fac, 5 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. 
m manufac. $1,200. 2 sch. 53 scholars. Pop. 
1830, 12,131; 1840, 1,475. 

Champion, p-t., Jefferson co., N. Y., 12 e. Wa- 
tertown, 152 n. w. Albany, 428 W. The surface 
is liilly, and the soil fertile. Watered by Black 
r. and its tributaries. The village contains 1 
Presbyterian church, 3 stores, 30 dwellings, and 
about 200 inliabitants. Pop. of the t., 2,206 
There are in the t., 3 stores, cap. $10,000 ; 1 fuU- 
uig m., 3 tanneries, 1 grist m. Cap. in manufiic. 
$13,jOO. 1 acad. 30 students, 17 sch. 593 schol- 
ars. Pop. 2,206. 

Champion South Road, p-o.. Champion t., 
Jefferson co., N. Y., 152 n. w. Albany 420 W 

Champion, t., Trumbell co., O., about 5 miles 
N.ol Warren. It has 6 sch. 160 scholars. Pop. 541. 
Champlain, p-t., and port of entry, Clmtonco., 
w \'}^^ ^-j^y K- Albany, 15 n. Platusburg, 560 
W .It has Lake Champlain on its e. border The 
surface is level on the e., and hilly on the w. 
1 he soil IS generally a fertile clay loam. It is 
(Iramcd by Chazy r., in which fijie salmon are 
taken, and which affords water power The v 
IS situated on Chazy r., 5 ms. from its mouth, and 
has 1 iresbytcnan and 1 Methodist church 7 
stores, 1 grist n.., 6 saw m., 1 cloth dres.sina and 
(■arding machine, 1 tannery, 60 dwelling!; and 
about 400 mhal.iuints. During high Nvate.-, the r 
IS navigable to the village for sloops, and for the 
remainder of the year, to within 1 mile. There 
arc m the t., 16 stores, cap. $113,100 ; 2 furnaces 
4 tanneries, 4 grist m., 23 saw m. Cap in man' 
ufac. $80,1 10. 10 sch. 286 scholars, l^op 3 6?^ 
Champlain Lake, lies between the states of 
JNew \ork and Vermont. It extends Irom Wliite- 



hall, N. Y., to the 45° n. lat. 116 miles, and ex- 
tends about 4 miles further into Canada, making 
its whole length 120 miles. It is navigated to St. 
John's, Canada, 20 miles from the line. Its 
breadth is from half a mile to 10 miles ; but in- 
cluding the expanse which contains its large 
islands, it is 15 ms. wide. Its broadest part, un- 
obstructed by islands, is opposite to Burlington, 
Vt. Its cliief islands are North Hero, South 
Hero, and La Motte, which, with some smaller 
islands, and the peninsula of Albury, constitute 
Grand Isle county, Vermont. Tliis lake was dis- 
covered by Samuel Champlain, a French noble- 
man, in 1609. It was the theatre of many im- 
portant military operations, ui the French, Revo- 
lutionary, and late war. The scenery along its 
shores is highly picturesque, and rendered grand 
by the lofty mountauis, at a little distance from 
it, on both sides. It forms an important medium 
of commerce, and is navigated by steamboats, 
and by many sloops, generally from 80 to 100 
tons burden. It receives a number of consider- 
able rivers, the largest of which are from Ver- 
mont. Its outlet is Sorelle or Richelieu r., by 
which it discharges its waters into the St. Law- 
rence. The Champlain canal, 64 miles long, con- 
nects it with Hudson r. on the s., and cost 
$1,079,872. It abounds with fish, among which 
are salmon, lake shad, pike, and other fish. It is 
generally frozen entirely over, and is passed on 
the ice, m winter. The broad lake closes about 
the first of February, and opens early in March. 
The narrow parts continue frozen considerably 
longer. 

Chanceford, p-t., York co., Pa., 47 s. s. e. 
Harrisburg, 97 W. It has 5 stores, cap. $7,500 ; 1 
furnace, 1 tannery, 2 distilleries, 2 grist m., 1 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $7,115. 7 sch. 140 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,439. 

Chancellorsville, p-o., Spottsylvania co., 
Va., 72 n. Richmond, 66 W. 

Chandlerville, t., Somerset co.. Me., drain- 
ed by Sebasticook r. It has 1 store, cap. $7,110; 
1 saw m., 7 sch. 145 scholars. Pop. 372. 

Chaneyville, p-o., Morgan co., O., 75 e. by 
s. Columbus, 334 W. 

Channing, t., Lenawee co., 3Iich. Pop. 40. 

Channohan, p-o., Will CO., III., 156 n. e. 
Springfield, 751 W. 

Chantilly, p-o., Fairfax co., Va., 127 N.Rich- 
mond, 27 W. 

Chantilly, p-o., Lincoln co., Mo., 88 s. e. Jef- 
ferson city, 869 W. 

Chapel Hill, p-v.. Orange co., N. C, 28 n. 
w. Raleigh, 286 W. Situated on New Hope r., 
a branch of Cape Fear r. The situation is eleva- 
ted and healthy. The country around is hilly, 
with fine water, and a very fertile soil. The v. 
contains from 30 to 40 houses, and derives its 
chief importance from the University of North 
Carolina, of wliich it is the seat. This respecta- 
ble institution was founded in 1789, and is hand- 
somely endowed. It has a president and 8 pro- 
fessors or other instructors, has had 674 alumni, 
70 of whom have been ministers of the gospel, has 
171 students, and 9,000 vols, in its libraries. The 
commencement is on the first Thursday in June. 

Chapel Hill, p-v., Marshall co., Tenn., 38 s. 
Nashville, 701 W. 

CiiAPELsauRG, p-o., Humplirey t., Cattaraugus 
CO., N. v., 305 w. by s. Albany, 320 W. 

Chapinville, p-o., Litchfield co., Ct., 56 w. 
Hartford, 318 W. 

Chapinville, p-o., Hopewell t., Ontario co., 
N. Y., 198 w. Albany, 344 W. 

Chaplain, p-o.. Nelson co., Ky., 37 s. w. 
Frankfurt, 579 W. 



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Chaplin, p-t., Windham co., Ct., 37 e. by n. 
Hartford, 366 W. It was formed in 1832 from 
Mansfield, Hampton, and Windham. Watered 
by Natcliaug r., a branch of Shetucket r. It 
has a good soil, particularly adapted to grazing. 
It has 3 stores, cap. $7,500 ; 1 tannery, 1 paper 
fac, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufactures, 
$45,300. 5 sch. 186 scholars. Pop. 794. 

Ch.^pman, p-t.. Union co., Pa., 42 n. by w. 
Harrisburg, 152 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, 
gravel and alluvion. Watered by Mahantango cr., 
affording water power. It has 2 stores, cap. 
$4,000; 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Pop. 1,297. 

Chapmax, t., Clinton co.. Pa. It has 1 grist m., 
3 saw m. Cap. inmanufac. $1,000. Pop. 622. 

Chapmanville, p-o., Logan co., Va., 361 w. 
Richmond, 398 W. 

Chapola, river, Flor. and Ala., a branch of the 
Apalachicola r., 45 ms. long. 

Chappel's Cross Roads, p-o., Surry co., N. 
Carolina. 

Chappel's Ferry, p-o., Newberry dist., S. C, 
63 w. N. w. Columbia, 528 W. 

Chaptico, p-v., St. Mary's co., Md., 75 s. An- 
napolis, 52 W. 

CiLVRDON, p-t, capital of Geauga co., O., 170 
N. E. ColumlDus, 338 W. It has a good soil, and 
is well cultivated. The v. is situated on the 
height of land between Grand, Cuyahoga, and 
Chagrin rivers, GOO feet above Lake Erie, 14 ms. 
s. of Fairport, on the lake. I has a court house, 
a jail, and a church. Pop. 446. There are in 
the t., 9 stores, cap. $3,275 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tanne- 
ry, 1 printing office. Cap. in manufac. $20,604. 
14 sch. 518 scholars. Pop. 1,064. 

Charette, t., Warren co.. Mo. It has 3 sch. 
72 scholars. Pop. 1,332. 

Chariton, county. Mo. Situated centrally in 
the N. part of the state, and has Grand r., on the 
w. and the Missouri on the s. It contains 832 
sq. ms. Chariton r. passes through it. Capital, 
Keytesville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
6,659, sheep 4,088, swine 15,571 ; wheat 8,162 
bush, produced, Ind. corn 180,600, oats 25,304, po- 
tatoes 11,125, tobacco 946,090 pounds ; 15 stores, 
cap. ,$95,3;)0 ; 8 grist m., 8 saw. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $38,975. 2 acad. 130 students, 6 sch. 123 
scholars. Pop. in 1830, 1,788; 1840, whites 
3,709, slaves 1,017, free col'd 20 ; total, 4,746. 

Chariton, river, Mo., rises in Iowa ter., and 
after a course s. of 130 ms., it falls into the Mis- 
souri r. at the extreme s. point of Chariton co. It 
is boatable for 50 miles. 

Chariton, p-o., St. Mary's par., La., 153 w. 
by s. New Orleans, 1,306 W. 

Chariton, t., Howard co., 3Io. It has 4 sch. 
133 scholars. Pop. 3,113. 

CiLVRiTON, p-v., Chariton co., Mo., 75 n. w. 
Jefferson city, 9iO W. It is on the n. bank of 
Missouri r., at the mouth of Chariton r. 

Chariton, t., Macon co., Mo. It has 1 sch. 
25 scholars. Pop. 806. 

Charlemont, p-t., Franklin co., Ms., 109 w. 
by N. Boston, 415 W. Incorporated in 1765. 
Watered by Deerfield r., which affords good 
water power. The surface is mountainous ; but 
the soil is good, particularly for grazing. It has 
some manufactures. It has 1 furnace ; 1 store, 
cap. $3,000 ; 1 grist m., 5 saw m., 2 tanneries, 7 
sch. 305 scholars. Pop. 1,127. 

Charles, county, Md. Situated in the s. w. 
part of the state, on the Potomac r. It contains 
450 sq. ms. The surface is broken, and the soil 
moderately good. Capital, Port Tobacco. There 
were in J 840, neat cattle 9,270, sheep 10,147, 
swine 14,757; wheat 91,231 bush, produced, rye 
4,533, Ind. corn 297,137, oats 40,992, potatoes 



6,366, tobacco 3,265,371 pounds ; 29 stores, cap 
$44,200 ; 3 lumber yards, cap. $4,000 ; 1 tannery, 
17 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $6,000. 25 sch. 
647 scholars. Pop. 1830, 17,666; 1840, whites 
6,022, slaves 9,182, free col'd 819; total, 16,023. 

Charles City, county, Va. Situated cen- 
trally in the s. e. part of tlie state, and has Chick- 
aiiominy r. on the n., and James r. on the s. It 
contains 208 sq. ms. The surface is rolling. 
Grain, flour, and tobacco are its principal pro- 
ductions. Capital, Charles City C. H. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 2,496, sheep 2,270, 
swine 6,029 ; wheat 36,020 bush, produced, Ind. 
corn 117,816, oats 45,275, potatoes 3,520, cotton 
2,010 pounds ; 15 stores, cap. $15,900 ; 1 tannery, 
6 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $11,300. 3 acad. 53 
students, 4 sch. 87 scholars. Pop. 1830, 5,500 ; 
1840, whites 1,171, slaves 2,433, free col'd 670 ; 
total, 4,774. 

Charles City, C. H., p-v., capital of Charles 
City CO., Va., 45 s. e. by e. Richmond, 162 W. 
Situated near the centre of the co., n. of James r. 
It contains a court house, clerk's office, tavern, 
and a single private dwelling. 

Charles, r., Ms., rises near the state of R. I., 
and after a circuitous course, enters Boston har- 
bor. It is navigable to Watertown, 7 w. Boston. 
Charleston, dist., S. C. Situated in the s. 
E. part of the state, and contains 2,244 sq. ms. 
The surface is low, and liable to be overflowed. 
It has the Santee r. on its n. e. boundary. 
Drained by A.shly and Cooper rivers. A canal, 
uniting the Cooper and Santee rivers, passes 
through it, as does the s. e. part of the South 
Carohna railroad. Capital, Charleston. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 30,060, sheep 11,296, 
swine 17,438 ; Ind. corn 397,151 bush, produced, 
oats 120,252, potatoes 619,507, rice 11,938,7.50 
pounds, silk cocoons 250, cotton 2,130,224, sugar 
30,000 ; 400 bush, salt ; 61 commercial and com. 
houses in for. trade, cap. $3,563,750 ; 582 retail 
stores, cap. $3,575,100 ; 10 lumber yards, capital, 
$75,000 ; 2 tanneries, 3 flouring m., 19 grist m., 
21 saw m., 8 printing offices, 5 binderies, 4 peri- 
odicals, 3 daily, 3 weekly, 2 semi-weekly news- 
papers. Cap. in manufac. $1,078,630. 19 acad. 
1,008 students, 28 sch. 1,558 scholars. Pop. 1830, 
86,333 ; 1840, whites 20,921, slaves 53,539, free 
col'd 3,201 ; total, 82,661. 

Charleston, p-t., Penobscot co.. Me., 98 n. 
E. Augusta, 689 W. It has a fertile soil, adapted 
to grain. It has 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $2,400. Pop. 1,269. 

Charleston, city and sea])ort of S. Carolina, 
and capital of a district of the same name, is the 
largest city in the Atlantic states s. of the Poto- 
mac, and the 9th in population in the United 
States, and is situated on a tongue of land formed 
by the junction of Ashley and Cooper rivers. It 
is in 32° 47' n. lat. and 79° 64' w. Ion. from 
Greenwich ; and 3° w. Ion. from W. It is 124 
s. s. E. from Cokunbia ; 1 18 n. e. from Savannah ; 
590 s. s. w. from Baltimore ; 780 s. s. w. from 
New York ; 540 s. s. w. from W. The popula- 
tion in 1790 was 16,359; in 1800, 18,711; in 
1810, 24,711; in 1820, 24,780; in 1S3;), 30,289 ; 
in 1840, 29,261 ; of which 14,673 were slaves. 
Employed in commerce 676, in manufactures 
and trades 1,025, in navigating the ocean 292, 
learned professions 226. Academies and gram, 
mar schools 14, with 861 students; 13 common 
and primary schools, with 574 scholars, of which 
568 were at the public charge. 5 wliite persons 
over 20 could neither read nor write. 

The bay formed at the junction of Asldey and 
Cooper rivers is 2 miles wide, and extends s. of 
£. 7 miles to its entrance intathe Atlantic, below 



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116 



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Sullivan's Island. Ashley is 2,100 yards wide 
opposite the town, and Cooper is 1,100 ; and 
both are deep, and navigable for large vessels. 
A sand bar extends across the mouth of the har- 
bor, but has four entrances, the deepest of which, 
passing very near Sullivan's Island, has 17 ieet 
of water at high tide. It is defended by fort 
Moultrie, which, though then comparatively a 
weak fortress, repulsed a powerful attack of the 
British fleet, June 28fh, 1776, under Sir Peter 
Parker. It is further defended by Fort Pinkney, 
on an island 2 miles below the city, and by Fort 
Johnson 4 miles below. The harbor is open to 
easterly winds, and storms from that quarter are 
often troublesome to the shipping at the wharves. 
The ground on which Charleston is built is raised 
but about 7 feet above high tide, so that parts of 
the city have been overllowed, when the wind 
and tide have combined to raise the waters, 
though it has not often occurred. The streets, 
which are from 35 to 70 feet in width, extend 
from E. to w. from the Cooper to the Ashley r., 
and are intersected by others at nearly right 
angles, running from n. to s. Many of the houses 
are of brick, while others are of wood, many of 
them painted white, which, with the profusion of 
foliage by which they are commonly surrounded, 
gives them a beautiful appearance. The iiouses 
are generally elegant, and they are often fur- 
nished with piazzas which extend to the roof, 
and are ornamented with vines. The gardens 
are adorned with orange, peach, and other trees, 
and a variety of shrubbery ; while the streets are 
often lined with the Pride of India, and other beau- 
tiful trees. Refinement and hospitality charac- 
terize the Society of Charleston ; tiie city is con- 
sidered more healthy during the summer montns 
than the surrounding country. It contains 24 
churches, 5 Episcopal, 4 Presbyterian, 4 Metho- 
dist, 3 Roman Catholic, 2 Baptist, 2 German Lu- 
theran, 1 French Protestant, 1 Jews' Synagogue, 
and 1 Bethel. 

Among the public buildings are the city hall, 
the exchange, a court house, jail, 2 arsenals, a 
theatre, 2 college halls, an almshouse, and an or- 
phan asylum. The orphan asylum accommo- 
dates 150 destitute children. The literary and 
philosophical society has a fine collection of ob- 
jects in natural history, and the academy of fine 
arts possesses some valuable paintings. The 
city library contains about fifteen thousand vol- 
umes. 

St. Philips parish or the neck, virtually a part 
of the city, contains a population of 11,000; it is 
adorned with plantations in a high state of culti- 
vation. Moultrieville, on Sullivan's Island, at 
the mouth of the harbor, is a small but pleasant 
town, and tlie refreshing breezes from the 
ocean cause it to be much resorted to from 
the city during the summer and autumnal 
months. 

The commerce of Charleston is extensive com- 
prismg that of nearly the whole of the state Its 
tonnage in 1840, was 29,250. 

There were in 1840, 27 lor. commercial and 34 
commission houses, with a cap. of $3 563 750 • 
428 retail stores, cap. §3,317,450 ; 7 lumber v'ards' 
cap. *00,000 ; 3 grist m., 4 saw m., w«h I toS 
cap <,f 9334000 ; 8 printing oflices,'5 binderiS 
daily, 3 weekly and 2 semi-weekly newspapers 
and 4 periodicals, with a cap. of )'!120 000- 84 
brick and stone houses, and 26 wooden' built at 
the cost of $'J27,700. Total capital in nianufic 
$770,500. "'anuiac. 

There are three lines of packets which plvbe 
tween tlus city and New York. One line Im 6 
f liips, one of which sails from each place, every 



5 days. Another consists of 8 brigs, one of which 
sails every 4tli day. 'ITiere is another line con- 
sisting of 6 brigs. A canal of 22 ms. in length, 
connects the harbor with the Santee r. A rail- 
road extends 136 miles to Hamburg, on the Sa- 
vannah. 

The college of Charleston has in its scientific 
department, 60 students and a library of 3,000 
volumes. There are in the city 20 churches, of 
which the Episcopalians have 4, the Presbyteri- 
ans 3, the Methodists 3, the Congregationalists 2, 
the Roman < 'atholics 2, and various others. There 
are 6 newspapers published here, 3 of which are 
issued daily, 1 semi-weekly, and 2 weekly. The 
city is divided into 4 wards. 

Charleston was first settled in 1680. In 1690 
a colony of French refugees, exiled in conse- 
quence of the revocation of the edict of Nantz, 
settled in Carolina, and some of them in Charles- 
ton, from whom some of its present respectable 
inhabitants are descended. At the close of 1779, 
the city was captured by the British, who had 
possession of it until the middle of the following 
May. In 1778, a fire consumed 252 hou.ses, and 
another in 1796, destroyed about one third of the 
city, at a loss of $2,500,000. P'rom 1830 to 1840, 
the population diminished 1,028. 

CiiARLE.sTON, p-t., Montgomery co., N. Y., 40 w. 
N. w. Albany, 3J9 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, 
clay, sand, and gravelly loam. It has Schoharie 
r. on the e., which affords mill seats. Drained by 
small branches of Mohawk r. It has 6 stores, 
cap. $26,600 ; 1 fulling ra., 3 tanneries, 1 grist 
m., 5 saw m. ('ap. in manufac. $17,070. 14 sch. 
841 scholars. Pop. 2,103. 

Charleston, p-t., Tioga co.. Pa., 146 n. Har- 
risburg, 256 W. It has 2 stores, cap. $2,100 ; 6 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,650. 2 sch. 45 scho- 
lars. Pop. 1,010. 

Charleston, p-t., Kalamazoo co., Mich., 127 
w. Detroit, 592 W. It has 4 sch. 234 scholars. 
Pop. 605. 

Charleston, p-v., capital of Clarke co., la., 
101 s. s. E. Indianapolis, 589 W. 

Charleston, p-v., Peoria co., EL, 91 n. Spring- 
field, 805 W. 

Charleston, p-v., Bradley co., Tenn., 167 s. 
e. Nashville, 570 W. 

Charleston, t., Orleans co., Vt., 55 n. n. e. 
Montpelier. Watered by several ponds with their 
outlets, which discharge their waters into Clyde 
r., which enters Lake Memphremagog. It has 2 
stores, cap. $4,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 

1 tannery, 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$8,375. 5 sch. 134 scholars. Pop. 731. 

Charleston, p-o., Jackson co., Iowa, 918 VV. 

Charlesto.v, p-v., Tallahatchee co., Miss., 136 
N. Jackson, 967 W. 

Charleston Four Corners, p-o., Charleston 
t., Montgomery co., N. Y., 33 w. n. w. Albany, 
397 W. 

Charlestown, p-t., Sullivan co., N. H., 54 w. 
Concord, 453 W. It lies on the e. side of Con- 
necticut r. Drained by Little Sugar r. The soil 
is generally good, particularly its fine interval 
land, but some of it is broken and poor. Incor- 
porated in 1753. It has 2 villages, the s. one par- 
ticularly pleasant. A bridge connects this town 
with Springfield, Vt. It has 7 stores, cap. $22,500 ; 

2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 1 grist 
m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,214. 1 acad. 
47 students, 5S2 scholars in sch. Pop. 1,722. 

Charlestown, p-t., and, with Boston, a port 
of entry, Middlesex co., Mass., 1 N. Boston, 441 
W. Situated on a peninsula lying between 
Charles and Mystic rivers, and connected with 
Boston by Charles and Warren bridges. There 



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are two other bridges across Mystic river, one of 
which connects it with Chelsea, and the other 
with Maiden. There is another wliich connects 
it with Craigie's bridge, leading to Cambridge. 
The streets, though not laid out with great regu- 
larity, are wide, and ornamented wath trees. The 
public buildings are a state prison, on the most 
improved model, the Massachusetts insane hos- 
pital, called, from a distinguished benefactor, 
McLean Asylum, an almshouse, town house, and 
9 churches— 3 Congregationalists, 2 Bap. 1 Meth. 

2 Univer. and I R. Catholic-a United States Navy 
Yard, in the s. e. part of the place, with a dry 
dock built of hewn granite. The Navy Yard 
covers 60 acres of land, on which are erected a 
marine hospital, a spacious warehouse, an arse- 
nal, powder magazine, and a house for the super- 
intendent, all of brick ; and 2 immense wooden 
edifices, under which the largest vessels of war 
are built. Breed's Hill, commonly called Bun- 
ker Hill, is immediately in the rear of the place, 
where a bloody battle was fought at the com- 
mencement of the revolution, June 17, 1775, in 
which the Americans lost, in killed and wounded, 
449, and the British, 1,053. To commemorate this 
important event, a granite obelisk has been erect- 
ed on the spot, which is 30 feet square at the 
base, '220 feet high, and 15 feet square at the top, 
ascended within by a winding stair-case, estima- 
ted to cost about $100,000. The t. ha.s 3 commer- 
cial and 8 commission houses, cap. $125,000; 7rt 
stores, capital $346,000 ; 6 lumber yards, capital 
$82,000 ; 5 printing offices, 1 bindery, 1 weekly 
newspaper, 4 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 1 brewery, 

3 potteries, 3 rope walks, 5 grist m., 4 saw m., 1 
oil m., 24 sch. 2,202 scholars. Pop. 11,484. 

Charlestown, p-t., Washington co., II. I., 45 
8. s. w. Providence, 385 W. Watered by Charles 
r., a branch of Pawcatuck r., wliich affords water 
power. Pawcatuck r. runs on its n. w. border. 
It has 2 large fresh water, and 2 salt water ponds. 
Near the sea the land is level and rich, but to 
the N. it is rough, and not well adapted to culti- 
vation. The remains of the Narraganset Indians, 
once a powerful tribe, long continued in this 
place, and had a missionary among them, support- 
ed by a society for propagating the gospel, and 
a considerable reservation of land ; but they are 
now nearly or quite extinct. It has 3 stores, 
cap. $5,500 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist ra., 1 saw m., 8 
sch. 233 scholars. Pop. 923. 

Charlestown, p-v., Cecil co., Md., 70 n. e. 
Annapolis, 80 W. 

Charlestown, p-v., capital of JefTerson co., 
Va., 168 N. Richmond, 63 W. 

Charlestown, p-t.. Portage co., O., 145 n. e. 
Columbus, 321 W. It is a fertile t., well water- 
ed and well cultivated. Watered by branches 
of Mahoning r. It has 1 acad. 23 students, 5 sch. 
199 scholars. Pop. 851. 

Charlestown, t., Chester co.. Pa., 82 e. Har- 
risburg, on the Susquehanna r. The v. contains 
1 store, 1 hemp and flax fac, and 10 or 12 dwel- 
lings. Pop. 1,039. 

Charloe, p-v., capital of Paulding co., O., 137 
N. w. Columbus, 506 W. 

Charlotte, county, Va. Situated in the s. 
part of the state, and contains 600 square miles. 
Drained by Little Roanoke r. The soil is fertile, 
producing grain, tobacco, and fruits. Capital, 
Charlotte C. H. There were in 1840, neat cat- 
tle 9,662, sheep 14,593, swine 21,597 ; wheat 
64,914 bush, produced, Ind. corn 509,260, oats 
246,974, potatoes 14,776, tobacco 4,180,745 lbs., 
cotton 19,010 ; 20 stores, cap. $133,640 ; 5 tanne- 
ries, 11 flouring m., 28 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $43,600. 1 acad. 6 students, 30 sch. 



555 scholars. Pop. 1830, 15,252; 1840, whites 
5,130, slaves 9,260, free col'd 307; total, 14,595. 

Charlotte, p-t., Washington co.. Me., 186 e. 
N. E. Augusta, 772 W. Incorporated in 1825. 
Watered by a pond which has an outlet, which 
passes through Pembroke into Cobscook bay. It 
has 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $680. 6 sch. 
298 scholars. Pop. 666. 

Charlotte, p-t., Chittenden co., Vt., 54 w. 
Montpelier, 449 W. It lies on Lake Champlain, 
across which is a ferry at this place. Watered 
by Platte river, which affords water power, and 
Lewis cr. Chartered in 1762. The land on the 
lake shore is level, and very fertile. In the w. 
part of the t. it is uneven. It is well culti- 
vated, and is one of the best farming towns in 
the state. An elevated ridge of land along the 
stage road to Burlington, presents a fine view of 
the lake, and the country w. There is a Con- 
gregationalist, a Baptist, and a Methodist church. 
It has 2 stores, cap. $11,0W); 1 tannery, 1 grist 
m., 3sawm. Cap. in manufac. $3,625. 11 sch. 
226 scholars. Pop. 1,620. 

Charlotte, p-v., Greece t., Monroe co.,N. Y., 
224 w. N. w. Albany, 375 W. It is situated at 
the mouth of Genesee r., 7 ms. below Rochester. 
Sometimes called Port Genesee. There is a 
steamboat landing, 1 store, 1 forwarding house, 
and 20 or 30 dwellings. The steamboat line from 
Lewiston to Oswego, stops at tliis place, and a 
small steamboat runs from this to Carthage. A 
stage also runs to Rochester. 

Charlotte, p-t., Eaton co., Mich., 116 w. by 
s. Detroit, 586 W. 

Charlotte, p-v., capital of Mecklenburg co., 
N. C, 158 s. w. Raleigh, 397 W. Situated on 
the E. side of Sugar cr., a branch of Catawba r. 
It contains the county buildings, 4 churches — 1 
Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, and 1 Ro- 
man Catholic — 10 stores, 160 dwellings, and about 
1,000 inhabitants. Here is a branch of the Uni- 
ted States Mint. East of Charlotte are a number 
of very rich and productive gold mines. 

Charlotte, p v., capital of Dickson co., Tenn., 
38 w. by N. Nashville, 722 W. 

Charlotte Centre, p-o., Charlotte t., Chau- 
tauque co., N. Y., 333 w. by s. Albany, 333 W. 

Charlotte, t., Chautauque co., N. Y., 330 w. 
by s. Albany. The surface is undulating, and 
the soil moist clay loam, well adapted to grass. 
Drained by Cassadaga cr. It has 4 stores, cap. 
$30,000 ; 2 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 5 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $37,620. 2 acad. 55 stu- 
dents, 9 sch. 377 scholars. Pop. 1,428. 

CiLVRLOTTE, C. IL, p-v., Capital of Charlotte 
CO., Va., 98 w. s. w. Richmond, 185 W. Situated 
3 ms. from Little Roanoke r., and H from Ward's 
Fork. Formerly called Marysville. It contains 
a court house of brick, jail of stone, and a jailer's 
dwelling of brick, a Baptist and a Presbyterian 
church, an academy, 5 stores, a tannery, a num- 
ber of mechanic shops, and 475 inhabitants. 

Charlotte Harbor, Flor. (See Gasparilla 
Sound.) 

Charlotte Hall, p-v., St. Mary's co., Md., 
66 s. Annapolis, 60 W. It derives its name from 
an academy which has 3 brick buildings, and is 
well endowed by the state. The situation is ele- 
vated, pleasant and healthy. 

Charlotteville, p-o., Summit t., Schoharie 
CO., N. Y., 57 w. Albany, 373 W. 

Charlottesville, p-v., capital of Albemarle 
CO., Va., 85 N. w. Richmond, 121 W. Situated 
on Moore's cr., 2 ms. from its entrance into Ri- 
vanna r. The plan is irregular, but it is well 
built, chiefly with brick. It contains about 230 
builduigs of every kind, and about 1,000 inhabit- 



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ants. It has a court house and other county 
buildinjrs, 4 churches— 1 Episcopal, 1 Presbyte- 
rian 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist — and an acade- 
my.' It has '22 stores, 2 bookstores, a female 
academy, a circulating library, and a printing 
office, from which a weekly newspaper is issued. 
There are .several flouring mills in tlie vicinity. 
It derives its chief importance from the Universi- 
ty of Virginia, of which it is the seat. This in- 
stitution was planned by Mr. Jefferson. It was 
designed to be more on the plan of European 
universities than most American colleges. The 
university buildings are various in their architec- 
ture, and arranged on three .sides of a grassy par- 
allelogram, at the upper end of which stands a 
large rotunda, containing lecture rooms and the 
library. The philosophical and chemical appa- 
ratus, and the mineralogical cabinet, and anatom- 
ical and general museum, are extensive. It has 
a fine astronomical observatory on the apex of a 
hill in the vicinity. It was founded in 1819, has 
a president and 8 professors or other instructors, 
has had 200 alumni, has 290 students, and 16,000 
volumes in its libraries. The commencement is 
on the 4th of July. It is munificently endowed 
by the state. 

Charlottesville, p-v., Hancock co., la., 28 e. 
Indianapolis, 543 VV. Situated on tlie E. side of a 
small branch of Blue r., and on the national road. 
Ch.\rlton, p-t., Worcester co., Mass., 53s. w. 
by w. Boston, 3S7 W. Chartered in 17.54. The 
surface is rough, but the soil good. It has some 
manufactures. It has 8 stores, cap. .$12,500 ; 1 
fullhig m., 1 cotton fac. 716 sp., 1 tannery, 7 grist 
m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $32,000. 13 
sch. 581 scholars. Pop. 2,117. 

Charlton, p-t., Saratoga co., N. Y., 25 n. n. 
w. Albany, 393 W. The surface is imdulating ; 
soil, clay, sand, and sandy loam, and fertile. 
Drained by a branch of the Mohawk r. The v. 
contains 3 stores, 4 churches — 1 Pre.sbyterian, 1 
Episcopal, 1 Methodist, and 1 Universalist — 2 
grist in., 2 saw m., 2 taruieries, 50 dwelUngs, and 
about 300 inhabitants. Pop. of the town, 1,933. 
There are in the t. 5 stores, cap. $12,100 ; 1 fulling 
m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 8 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $10,400. 10 sch. 333 scholars. 
Charlton Depot, p-o., Charlton t., Worce.s- 
ter CO., Mass., 56 w. s. \v. Boston, 386 W. 

CiiARTiERs, creek, a small river of Pa., rises 
in Washington co., and after a course of 30 ms., 
falls into the Ohio, 4 ms. below Pittsburg. It 
drains a fertile country, abounding with bitumin- 
ous coal. 

Chartiers, t., Washington county, Pa., 6 n. 
Washington. The surface is liilly ; soil, loam, 
with abimdance of coal. Chartiers cr. flows on 
its s. border. Cannonsburg lies on this cr. It 
has 7 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufactures, 
$3,075. Pop. 1,616. 

Chateaugav, p-t., Franklin co., N. Y., 202 n. 
by w. Albany, 511 W. Drained bv Chateaugay 
r. and its branches, which flows N.'into Canada, 
entering the St. Lawrence a little w. of Montre- 
al. The surfaire is uneven, and the soil clay and 
sandy loam. It has 4 stores, cap. $42,000 ; 1 ful- 
Img m., 4 tanneries, 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac 
$14,400. 21 sch. 779 scholars. Pop. 2,824 

Chatfiei.d, p-t., Crawford co., O., 73 n Co- 
lumbus, 412 W. Organized in 1H30. Watered 
by Sycamore cr., wliich affords some water power 
Chatham, county, N. C. Situated in the cen- 
tral part of the sUUe, and contains 8,58 sq. miles 
Watered by Haw and Deep r.s., which unite in 
Its s. part to lorm Cape Fear r. The soil is clay- 
ey and fertile, producing corn, wheat, oats, cotton 
and Uibacco. The surface is rolling. Capital' 



Pittboro'. There were in 1840, neat cattle 13,800, 
sheep 14,759, svvine 37,356 ; wheat 94,342 bush, 
produced, rye 1,308, Ind. corn 446,708, oats 93,368, 
potatoes 38,014, silk cocoons 149 pounds, tobacco 
536,886, cotton 399,728 ; 19 stores, cap. $53,000 ; 
1 furnace, 1 cotton fac. 1,050 sp., 9 tanneries, 70 
distilleries, 2 potteries, 12 floimng m., 67 grist m., 
40 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $115,632. 6 acad. 
128 students, 11 sch. 237 scholars. Pop. 1830, 
15,499 ; 1840, whites 10,609, slaves 5,316, free 
col'd 317 ; total, 16,242. 

Chatham, county, Ga, Situated in the s. e. 
part of the state, on Savannah r. It contains 405 
sq. ms. The surface is level, and but little ele- 
vated above tide water. Its chief productions are 
rice, cotton and sugar. Capital, Savannah. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 6,810, sheep 2,563, 
swine 6,279; Ind. corn 58,118 bush, produced, 
oats 3,815, potatoes 39,325, rice 6,158,516 pounds, 
silk cocoons 614, cotton 1,157,106 ; 52 commission 
houses in for. trade, cap. $943,500 ; 193 stores, 
cap. $856,990 ; 1 grist m., 4 saw m., 4 printing of- 
fices, 2 binderies, 3 daily, 3 weekly, 3 semi-week- 
ly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $309,580. 3 
acad. 385 students, 10 sch. 352 scholars. Pop. 
1830, 14,127; 1840, whites 6,801, slaves 11,331, 
free col'd 669 ; total, 18,801. 

Chatham, p-t., Barnstable co., Mass., 96 s. e. 
Boston, 497 W. Situated on the s. E. point of 
Cape Cod, and has a good harbor on a bay, in- 
side of Chatham beach. Incorporated in 1712. 
The inhabitants are chiefly employed in the fish- 
eries and the coasting trade, both of which em- 
ploy a considerable number of vessels. There 
were 32,000 bush, salt produced m 1840, and a 
cap. of $33,750 invested in the fisheries. It has 
13 stores, cap. $20,400 ; 1 lumber yard, capital 
$5,000 : 7 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $5,550. 1 
acad. 30 students, 12 sch. 1,001 scholars. Pop. 
2,334. 

Chatham, t., Middlesex co., Ct., opposite Mid- 
dletown, 16 .s. Hartford. The surface is uneven, 
exceptmg near Connecticut r., where is a level 
and very fertile alluvial tract, of nearly a mile 
in width. It has a fme landing at Middle Had- 
dam, 6 miles below Middletown, where is a vil- 
lage. It is watered by Salmon river and Pine 
brook. A little n. e. of Middletown, on the bank 
of the r., is a very valuable quarry of freestone, 
wliich has been extensively wrought and export- 
ed. It has 9 stores, cap. $32,000 ; 1 fulling m., 2 
tanneries, 4 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$96,60;). 1 acad. 35 students, 17 sch. 779 schol- 
ars. Pop. 3,413. 

Chatham, p-t., Columbia co., N. Y., 18 s. by 
E. Albany, 16 n. e. Hudson, 362 W. The soil is 
various, but well cultivated. Watered by Kinder- 
hook cr. The v. has 1 church, 3 stores, 1 grist 
in., 1 saw m., 1 iron foundry, 50 dwellings, and 
about 3^J0 inhabitants There are in the t., 17 
stores, cap. $30,000 ; 3 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 
1 tannery, 3 paper fac, 8 grist m., 7saw m. Cap. 
in manu'lac. $65,600. 17 sch. 1,205 scholars. 
Pop. 762. 

Chatham, t., Medina co., O. It has 1 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $200. 4 sch. 153 scholars. 
Pop 555. 

Chatham, p-t., Morris county, N. J., 56 n. n. 
E. Trenton, 221 W. Watered by Passaic r. The 
surface is undulating, with Long Hill in its s. 
part. The v. contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Me- 
thodist church, an academy, 3 stores, 1 grist m., 
1 saw m., and 50 dwellings. The buildings are 
neat, and the surrounding country is pleasant. 
Passaic r. passes through the v. There are in 
the t., 10 stores, cap. $J82,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 
tannery, 4 distilleries, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. 



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119 



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in manufac. $36,800. 4 acad. 215 students, 5 
sch. 185 scholars. Pop. 2,138. 

Chatham, t., Carroll co., N. H., situated on 
the E. side of the White Mountains. The sur- 
face is rough and mountainous. Chartered in 
1767. From a pond flows a head branch of 
Saco river. It has 1 store, 1 fuUing m., 1 grist 
m., 2 saw m., 6 sch. 213 scholars. Pop. 523. 

Chatham, t., Tioga co., Pa. The surface is 
rolhng; soil, loam, adapted to grazing. Timber- 
ed with oak, beech, maple, and pine. It has 1 
store, cap. $2,500 ; 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$9,200. 2 sch. 50 scholars. Pop. 689. 

Chatha.m, p-v., Chester co.. Pa., 68 E. s. e. 
Harrisburg, 102 W. 

Chatham, p-o., Sangamon co., 111., 10 n. n. 
w. Springfield, 790 W. 
Chatham, p-v., Newton t., Licking co., O. 
Chatham Centre, p-o., Chatham t., Colum- 
bia county, N. Y., 19 s. by E. Albany, 359 W. 
It has a small agricultural settlement of 10 or 12 
dwellings. 

Chatham Four Corners, p-v., Chatham t., 
Columbia county, N. Y., 23 s. by e. Albany, 355 
W. Here are 3 stores, and about 25 dwellings. 
The Hudson and Berkshire, and the Albany and 
West Stockbridge railroads here form a junction. 
Chatham Hill, p-o.. Smith co., Va., 273 w. 
by N. Richmond, 341 W. 

Chattahoochee, r., Ga., Ala., rises in the Ap- 
palachian inoimtains and forms for a consider- 
able distance the boundary between these states, 
and constitutes the largest constituent of Appala- 
chicola r. It is navigable for steamboats to Co- 
lumbus, Ga. 

Chattahoochee, p-v., Gadsden co., Florida, 
45 w. Tallahassee, 8S6 W. Situated on the e. 
side of the Appalachicola river. It contains a 
United States arsenal. This place was formerly 
called Mount Vernon. 

Chattanooga, p-o., Hamilton co., Tenn., 141 
s. e. Nashville, 610 W. 

Chattooga, county, Ga., situated in the n. w. 
part of the state, and contains 300 sq. ms. Sur- 
face, mountainous ; soil, fertile on the river bot- 
toms. Capital, Summerville. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 4,129, sheep 2,037, swine 12,338 ; 
wheat 18,789 bushels produced, rye 119, Indian 
corn 201,568, barley 400, oats 12,503, potatoes 
7,076, tobacco 8,206 pounds, cotton 112,941 ; 3 
stores, cap. $5,500 ; 3 tanneries, 7 flouring m., 4 
grist rn., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,800. 1 
acad. 35 students, 4 sch. 61 scholars. Pop. whites 
2,624, slaves 814 ; total, 3,138. 

Chattoogaville, p-v., Chattooga co., Ga., 
185 N. w. Milledgeville, 662 W. 

Chaumont, p-v., Lyme t., Jefferson co., N. 
Y., 178 n. w. Albany, 430 W. It is situated at 
the head of the Chaumont bay, at the e. end 
of Lake Ontario. It contains 1 church, 2 stores, 
1 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 tannery, 35 dwellings, and 
about 250 inhabitants. It has an excellent har- 
bor, easy of access, and Chaumont river affords 
good water power. A fine blue limestone is 
found here, and is much used for building, and 
in public works. 

Chauncey, p-o., Athens co., O., 67 s. e. Co- 
lumbus, 345 W. 

Chautauque, coimty, N. Y., the western- 
most county of the state, lies on Lake Erie. Or- 
ganized in 1808, and contains 1,017 sq. ms. It 
has a lake coast of 30 miles, in which are several 
good harbors for steamboats and lake vessels. A 
dividing ridge, from 1,000 to 1,400 feet above tide 
water, not more than from 5 to 8 miles from the 
lake, divides the waters which flow into Lake Erie 
from those which go to the Gulf of Mexico. The 



surface is hilly, but not mountainous ; and the 
soil is fertile, particularly on the streams and the 
lake shore. It has several springs, which emit a 
pure carburetted hydrogen gas, used in some 
places for lights. It has also springs charged 
with sulphuretted hydrogen gas. It has bog iron 
ore and shell marble in abundance. 'Iliere were 
in 1840, neat cattle 63,515, sheep 136,315, swine 
42,224; wheat 214,897 bushels produced, rye 
1,671, Ind. corn 235,788, buckwheat 9,157, barley 
24,789, oats 353,311, potatoes 778,219, liops 7,177 
pounds, sugar 839,222 ; 7 com. houses in foreign 
trade, cap. $22,200; 132 stores, cap. $505,165; 5 
lumber yards, cap. $10,300 ; 3 furnaces, 26 full- 
ing m., 2 woollen fac, 1 rope fac., 53 tanneries, 7 
distilleries, 1 pottery, 3 flouring m., 46 grist m., 
229 saw m., 2 oil m., 1 paper fac, 4 printing 
offices, 1 bindery, 1 periodical, 4 weekly news- 
papers. Cap. in manufac. $768,792. 11 acad. 
808 students, 302 sch. 14,487 scholars. Pop. 1830, 
34,057 ; 1840, 47,975. 

CHAUTAuauE, t., capital of Chautauque co., 
N. Y. The county buildings are in the village 
of 3Iayville, 336 w. by s. Albany. The surface 
is elevated and rolling ; soil, argillaceous loam. 
Drained by Chautauque cr. The town has 3 
stores, cap. $34,400 ; 2 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 2 
grist m., 14 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $36,930 ; 1 
acad. 100 students, 22 sch. 820 scholars. Pop. 2,980. 

Chautauque, lake, is a beautiful sheet of 
water, lying in the central part of Chautauque 
CO., N. Y. It is 18 miles long, and trom 1 to 3 
broad, excepting near the middle, where it is con- 
nected by a strait, a few rods wide. It is ele- 
vated 726 feet above Lake Erie, and 1,291 above 
the level of the ocean. It is navigable for steam- 
boats from May ville, at the n. part, to the foot of 
the lake, and thence, by its outlet, it is boatable 
to Connevvango cr., a tributary of Alleghany r. ; 
and rafts proceed from the lake to the Gulf of 
Mexico. It is said to be the highest body of water 
in the United States on which a steamboat floats. 

Chazv, p-t., CUnton co., N. Y., 178 n. Albany, 
15 n. Plattsburg, 553 W. It lies on Lake Cham- 
plain. Watered by Little Chazy r. Chartered 
in 1804. It has a landing place on Lake Cham- 
plain, and a village 3 ms. from the lake. It has 
10 stores, cap. $32,150; 3 fulling m., 2 woollen 
fac, 4 tanneries, 3 grist m., 2S saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $53,045. 19 sch. 533 scholars. Pop. 
3,5S4. 

Chazy, river, Clinton co., N. Y., after a course 
of 50 ms., falls into Lake Champlain, in the n. 
E. part of the county. 

Cheat, river, Va., a branch of the Mononga- 
helar., navigable for boats except in dry seasons. 
Tlie Portage of the Potomac is 37 miles. 

Cheuoygan, county, Mich. Situated on the 
N. point of the southern peninsula, and contains 
300 sq. ms. Principal stream, Clieboygan r. 
Unorganized. 

Cheek's Cross Roads, p-o., Hawluns' co., 
Tenn., 231 e. by n. Nashville, 452 W. 

Cheek's Store, p-o., Grainger co., Tenn., 209 
E. Nashville, 148 W. 

Cheeksville, p-o., Marion co., Tenn., 122 s. 
E. Nashville, 4S7 W. 

Chelmsford, p-t., Middlesex co., Mass., 27 n. 
.\. w. Boston, 442 W. It hes on the s. side of 
Blcrrimac r., and is connected with Dracut by a 
bridge. Incorporated in 1755. It abounds with 
limestone and granite, the latter of which is ex- 
ported through the Middlesex canal, which passes 
through the t. It has some manufactures, among 
which are those of glass and iron. The present 
important town of Lowell belonged to this town, 
mitil 1824. It has 8 stores, cap $20,300 ; 3 grisi 



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m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1 1,400- 10 
sch. 472 scholars. Pop. 1,697. 

Chelsea, p-t., capital of Orange cc, Vt., 24 s. 
E. Montpelier, 503 W. Watered by a branch of 
White r., which affords water power. Chartered 
in 1781, by the name of Turnersburg. Altered 
to Chelsea in 1788. The surface is uneven; 
soil, warm and productive. It has a pleasant 
village, wliere is a court house, jail, an elegant 
Congregational church, and about 70 or 80 dwell- 
ings. It has 6 stores, cap. $21,000 ; 2 fulling m., 
1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 1 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $31,070. 18 sch. 659 scholars. 
Pop. 1,959. 

Chelsea, p-t., Suffolk co., Mass., 4 n. e. Bos- 
ton, 444 W. formerly a ward of Boston. In- 
corporated in 1738. It has considerable manu- 
factures. It is connected with Charlestown by 
a bridge. It has 1 com. house, cap. $20,000 ; 11 
stores, cap. $29,000 ; 3 lumber yards, capital 
$13,000; 2 tanneries, 1 pottery, 1 grist m., 1 
printing office. Cap. in manufac. 55,350. 1 
acad. 20 students, 9 sch. 574 scholars. Pop. 
2,290. 

Cheltenham, t., Montgomery co. Pa. It has 
4 stores, cap. 6,000 ; 1 forge, 1 flouring m., 5 grist 
m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $11,250. 1 sch. 
45 scholars. Pop. 1,053. 

Chemung, r., N. Y., is formed by the junction 
of the Conhocton with Tioga r., in Steuben co., 
and flows in a s. E. course, and enters the Sus- 
quehanna r. at Athens, Pa. It furnishes good 
mill seats, and, at liigh water, floats lumber and 
produce to market. It is used as the main feeder 
of the Chemung canal. 

Chemung, co., N. Y., situated in the s. part of 
the state, and was taken from Tioga co. in 1836. 
It contains 530 sq. ms. The surface is broken 
and hilly, but contains much good land, particu- 
larly along the streams. Watered by Chemung 
r., Cayuta cr., Newtown cr., and a creek which 
flows N. into Seneca lake. The Chemung canal, 
which connects Seneca lake with the Cliemung 
r., at Elraira, passes through the co., as does tlie 
line of the New York and Erie railroad. Capi- 
tal, Elmira. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
21,406, sheep 37,975, swine 18,110; wheat 
192,831 bushels produced, rye 18,513, Ind. corn 
120,732, buckwheat 62,590, barley 26,358, oats 
203,174, potatoes 269,233, hops 1,044 pounds, 
sugar 74,926 ; 83 stores, cap. $234,235; 8 lumber 
yards, cap. .$38,000; 3 furnaces, 5 fulling m., 1 
woollen fac, 12 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 1 brew- 
ery, 3 flouring m., 25 grist m., 85 saw m., 1 oil m., 
4 prinluig offices, 2 binderies, 4 weekly news- 
papers. Cap. in manufac. $313,075. 1 acad. 
130^ students, 99 schools, 4,837 scholars. Pop. 

Chemung, t., Chemung cc, N. Y., 10 s. e. El- 
mira, 198 w. s. w. Albany. The surface is hilly 
and broken, with fine alluvial flats on Chemung 
r., which flows tluough its s. part. The soil is a 
gravelly loam. In the s. e. part of the town, on 
"Spamsh Hill," elevated 110 feet above the 
plain, near the bank of the r., are remains of 
lorlifications, with regular intrenchments, wliich 
would command the bend of the r. The line of 
the New York and Erie railroad passes throueh 



li%nnP''i'l °' ^^^ ^r^"-- ^' ^""^ 2 stores, cap 
$4,500; 1 tannery, 5 grist m., 15 saw m. Can 
D "™*'- ^■'^^.660. 15 schools, 486 scholari 



Pop. 2,377. 

Chenango, r., N. Y., rises in Madison and 
Oneida counties, and after a course of 75 miles 
enters the Susquehanna, at Binglmmton. 

Che.nango, county, N. Y., situated a little s 
E. of the centre of the suite, and was formed froni 



Herkimer and Tioga, in 1798. It contains 800 
square ms. The surface is broken and hilly : its 
valleys are exceedingly fertile. Watered by 
Chenango r. flowing through its centre, by Una- 
dilla r. in the e., and several creeks, which 
flow into the Chenango r. The Chenango canal 
passes along the valley of Chenango r., and con- 
nects Bingham ton on the Susquehanna with the 
Erie canal at Utica. Capital, Norwich. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 64,322, sheep 197,746, 
swine 27,311 ; wheat 99,701 bush, produced, rye 
26,992, Ind. corn 159,203, buckwheat 25,603, bar- 
ley 10,451, oats 406,032, potatoes 772,671, hops 
6,774 pounds, sugar 344,018; 116 stores, cap. 
$433,490; 1 lumber yard, cap. $13,000; 32 full- 
ing m., 5 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 4,400 sp., 2 
rope fac, 30 tanneries, 1 brewery, 45 grist m., 
165 saw m., 2 oil m., 2 paper fac, 4 printing of- 
fices, 2 binderies, 4 periodicals, 5 weekly news- 
papers. Cap. in manufac. $460,381. 8 acad. 
733 students, 343 sch. 12,816 scholars. Pop. 
1830, 37,238 ; 1840, 40,785. 

Chenango, t., Broome co., N. Y., 145 s. w 
Albany. The surface is hilly ; soil, fertile, par- 
ticularly on the rivers. Watered by Chenango 
and Susquehanna rivers, which form a junction 
at Binghamton. It has 23 stores, cap. $88,330 ; 
1 tannery, 2 printing offices, 1 bindery, 2 weekly 
newspapers, 5 grist m., 26 saw ra. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $19,950. 2 acad. 100 scholars, 30 schools, 
1,404 scholars. Pop. 5,465. 

Chenango Forks, p-v., Chenango t., Broome 
CO., N. Y., 127 w. s. w. Albany, 307 W. Situ- 
ated at the junction of Tioughnioga r. with Che- 
nango r., on the Chenango canal. It contains a 
church, 4 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 clothier's 
works, 1 tannery, and a canal boat yard, 80 
dwellings, and about 500 inhabitants. 

Chenango, p-t., Beaver co.. Pa., 233 w. by n. 
Harrisburg, 269 W. It has 2 stores, cap. $1,500 ; 
1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 1 flouring 
m., 5 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufactures 
$32,900. 4 sch. 160 scholars. Pop. 1,435. 

Chenevville, p-v., Rapides par., La., 265 n. 
w. New Orleans, 1,236 W. 

Chenango, p-o., Courtland co., N. Y., 135 w. 
by s. Albany, 332 W. 

Cheonoquet, county, Mich., situated in the n. 
part of the southern peninsula, and contains 512 
square ms. Drained by Cheboygan and Thun- 
der bay rivers. Unorganized. 

Chenuba, p-o., Lee co., Ga., 150 s. w. Mil- 
ledgeville, 795 W. 

Chepacket, p-v., Gloucester t.. Providence co., 
R. I., 16 w. by n. Providence, 395 W. Situated 
on a river of the same name. It has 1 free church, 
and several manufactories. 

Cheraw, p-v., Chesterfield dist., S. C, 93 n. 
E. Columbia, 423 W. Situated on the w. bank 
of Great Pedee r., 110 ms. above Georgetown. 
It contains 5 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Bap- 
tist, 1 Episcopal, 1 Methodist, and 1 Roman ( ath- 
olic — 1 male and 1 female academy, 1 bank, 1 
town hall, 41 stores, 200 dwellings, and 1,050 
inhabitants. A bridge here crosses the Pedee r., 
which is navigable to this place for steamboats. 
It has considerable trade, particularly in cotton. 

Cherokee, county, N. C., in the n. w. corner 
of the state. It contains 1,000 square ms. The 
land on the streams is of an excellent quality, 
producing Indian com, wheat, rye, oats, common 
and sweet potatoes, abundantly. Back from the 
streams, the laud is mountainous, producing grass 
from 2 to 6 feet high. White, blue, and flesh 
colored marble is found ; also iron ore of an excel- 
lent quality. It has some valuable gold mines, 
and load and silver in small quantities. There 



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were in ]840, neat cattle 5,827 sheep 2,163, 
swine 12,235; wheat 2,760 bushels produced, rye 
1,203, Ind.com 167,167, oats 12,787; 16 stores, 
cap. §39,750; value of gold produced $1,075; 1 
tannery, 9 distilleries, 16 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. 
hi manufac. $5,120. 2 sch. 30 scholars. Pop. 
1810, whites 3,205, slaves 199, free col'd 23; 
total, 3,427. 

Cherokee, county, Ga., situated in the n. part 
of the state, and contains 620 sq. ms. The sur- 
face is broken and hilly ; soil, very fertile on the 
margins of streams. Drained by the Etowah r. 
and branches. Capital, Canton. There were in 
IS 10, neat cattle 7,235, sheep 3,365, swine 19,220 ; 
wheat 2S,192 bushels produced, Ind. corn 247,936, 
oats 13,105, potatoes 5,416, tobacco 5,209 pounds, 
cotton 84,542 ; 18 stores, cap. $33,300 ; value of 
gold produced $620; 6 smelting houses, 3 tan- 
neries, 26 distilleries, 2 potteries, 5 Houring m., 
23 grist m., 11 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $34,142. 
2 acad. 60 students, 10 sch. 254 scholars. Pop. 
whites 5,401, slaves 491, free col'd 3; total, 
5,895. 

Cherokee, county, Ala., situated in the n. 
E. part of the state, and contains about 600 sq. 
ms. Surface hilly, and in some parts rough ; 
soil, fertile, bordering the streams. Capital, Jef- 
ferson. There were in 1840, neat cattle 8.159, 
sheep 783, swine 83,083; wheat 22,004 bushels 
produced, Ind. corn 318,365, oats 30,449, potatoes 
11,328, tobacco 53,307 pounds, cotton 1,383,633; 
17 stores, cap. $71,700 ; 8 tanneries, 8 distilleries, 
15 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $11,800. 
2 sch. 52 scholars. Pop. whites 7,652, slaves 
1,112, free col'd 9; total, 8,773. 

CiiEROKEE, p-v., McArthur t, Logan co., O., 
75 .\-. vv. Columbus, 460 W. Founded in 1832. 
It has 1 church, 3 or 4 stores, and from 30 to 40 
dwellings. 

Cherokee, p-o., Cass co., Ga., 135 n. w. Mil- 
ledgeville, 654 W. 

Cherokee Corner, p-v., Oglethorpe co., Ga., 
77 N. Milledgeville, 602 W. 

Cherokee Heights, p-o., Abbeville dist., S. 
C, 118 w. Columbia, 555 W. 

Cherokee Iron Works, p-v., York dist., S. 
C, 104 N. Columbia, 455 W. 

Cherry, p-o., Lycoming co., Pa., 130 n. Harris- 
burg, 241 W. 

Cherry Corner, p-o., Henry co., Tenn., 108 
w. Nashville, 794 W. 

Cherry, t., Butler co.. Pa. It has 1 store, cap. 
,$1,000 ; I fulling m., 1 grist m., 1 oil m. Cap. 
in manufac. $5,050. 4 sch. 109 scholars. Pop. 
625. 

Cherry Creek, p-t., Chautauqua co., N. Y., 
20 e. Mayville, 324 w. by s. Albany, 340 W. 
The surface is rolling ; soil, clay and sandy loam. 
Drained by Connewango cr., and some tributaries. 
The V. has 1 church, 2 stores, 2 saw m., 30 dwel- 
lings, and 200 inhabitants. There are in the t., 1 
tannery, 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,105. 9 
sch. 355 scholars. Pop. 1,144. 

Cherryfield, t., Washington co.. Me., 30 w. 
Machias, 116 e. by n. Augusta. It is situated at 
the head of tide water on both sides of Narra- 
gaugus r., with a pleasant village, and considera- 
ble trade. It has 18 stores, cap. $25,365 ; 4 lum- 
ber yards, cap. $21,000 ; 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 
22 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $145,295. 7 sch. 
266 scholars. Pop. 1,003. 

Cherry Fork, p-o., Wayne t., Adams co., O., 
104 B. by w. Columbus, 450 W. 

Cherry Grove, p-o., Lauderdale co., Ala. 

Cherry Grove, p-o., Jo Daviess co.. 111., 190 
N. by w. Springfield, 853 W. 

Cherry Grove, v., St. Clair co., 111., 8 n. e. 
16 



Belleville, the capital. It has a considerable pop- 
ulation, composed chiefly of Germans. 

Cherry Grove, p-o.," Scott co.. Ark, 98 w. by 
.\. Little Rock, 1,163 W. 

Cherry L.\ke, p-o., Madison co., Flor. 

Cherry Ridge, p-v., Dvberry t., Wayne co., 
Pa., 167 N. E. Harrisburg, 261 W. 

Cherry Tree, p-t., Venango co.. Pa., 230 n. 
w. by w. Harrisburg, 304 W. The surface is 
rolling, and the soil loam. It has 1 store, cap. 
,$2,000 ; 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $15,000. 1 sch. 15 scholars. Pop. 598. 

Cherry V.\lley, p-t., Otsego co., N. Y.,55 w 
Albany, 11 n. e. Cooperstown, 380 W. The 
surface is hilly ; soil, calcareous mould. Drained 
by Cherry Valley cr. and its branches, which 
How s., and the head branches of Canajoharie 
cr., which flows n. into the Mohawk. It has ex- 
tensive water power. The v. is situated on the 
Great Western Turnpike, 52 w. Albany, was 
incorporated in 1812, and contains 1 Presbyteri- 
an, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Methodist church, a fjank- 
ing house, 15 stores, 1 grist m., a cloth dressing 
establishment, a flourishing academy, 180 dwell- 
ings, and about 1,100 inhabitants. Pop. of the t., 
3,923. It has 10 stores, cap. 29,900 ; 1 furnace, 
1 fulling m., 5 tanneries, 1 printing office, 1 
weekly newspaper, 5 grist m., 24 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. 49,000. 1 acad. 30 students, 18 sch. 
752 scholars. 

Cherry Valley, p-t., Ashtabula co., O., 202 
n. e. Columbus, 325 W. Organized in 182S. 
About half the t. is rolling, and the rest level, 
and excellent for grazing. The principal exports 
are neat cattle, beef, pork, butter and cheese. 
It has an industrious and enterprising popula- 
tion. It has 7 sch. 255 scholars. Pop. 690. 

Cherryville, p-v., Northampton co.. Pa., 107 
E. N. E. Harrisburg, 200 W. It contains 1 store, 
and a few dwellings. 

Cherryville, p-o., Haywood co., Tenn., 154 
w. s. w. Nashville, 837 VV. 

Ches.\peake Bay, Md., is about 200 miles 
long, and from 7 to 20 broad, and generally 9 
fathoms deep, being the largest bay in the Uni- 
ted States. Its enti-ance is wholly in the state 
of Virginia, between Cape Charles on the n., and 
Cape Henry on the s., which are about 12 or 15 
miles apart. But the bay lies mostly in Mary- 
land, dividing the state into 2 parts, called the 
Eastern and the Western shore. This great bay 
furnishes many fine harbors, and a safe and con- 
venient navigation. The Susquehanna r. at its 
northern termination, the Potomac r. on the w., 
and James r. near its mouth, are the largest rivers 
which flow into it. Besides these arc the Rap- 
pahannock, the Patuxent, the Patapsco, Ches- 
ter r.. Elk r., Choptank, Nanticoke, and many 
others. The entire surface drained by the rivers 
which flow into the Chesapeake, has been es- 
timated at 70,000 sq. ms. 

Chesapeake City, p-v., Cecil co., Md., 84 \. 
E. Annapolis, 96 W. Situated immediately be- 
low the mouth of Elk r. 

Cheshire, county, N. H., in the s. w. part of 
the state, contains 442 sq. ms. Watered by 
Ashuelot r. and its branches, and some smaller 
streams. Connecticut r. on its w. border, is 
wholly within the co., its western bank being 
the line between N. H. and Vt. Grand Monad- 
nock moimtain, over 3,000 feet above the level of 
the sea, lies in its s. e. part, between the towns 
of Dublin and Jaffrey. Organized in 1771. 
Bellows falls, in the t. of Walpole, a celebrated 
cataract, are within the co. Capital, Keene.. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 29,755, sheep 
74,525, swine 10,020 ; wheat 28,641 bush, produ- 



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ced rve 41808, Ind. corn 118,268, buckwheat 
4,930, barley 21.498, oats 156,216, potatoes 689,730. 
Busjar 189,287 pounds ; 81 stores, cap. ,$288,000; 3 
furnaces, 1 forge, 18 fulling m., 18 woollen fac, 6 
cotton fac. 4,494 sp., 26 tanneries, 2 glass fac, 50 
grist m., 128 saw m., 2 oil m., 1 paper fac, 2 
printing offices, 2 binderies, 3 periodicals, 2 
weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $758,052. 1 
II acad. 610 students, 22S sch. 5,796 scholars. 
Pop. 1830, 27,016 ; 1840, 26,429. 

Cheshire, p-t., Berkshire co., Mass., 130 w. 
by N. Boston, 387 W. Watered by Hoosack r. 
Incorporated in 1793. Tlie surface is mountain- 
ous, and the soil productive, being particularly 
adapted to grazing. It is little less celebrated 
for its cheese, than the county of the same mime 
in England. In 1801, its inliabitants presented 
to President Jefferson, a cheese weighing 1,2(X) 
pounds. Its manufactures consist chiefly of' 
leather, shoes, and window glass. It has 3 
stores, cap. $5,000 ; 1 grist m., 4 saw m., 8 sch. 
160 scholars. Pop. 985. 

Cheshire, p-t.. New Haven co., Ct., 25 s. s. 
w. Hartford, 314 W. Formed in 1780, from 
Wallingford t. Watered by Quinnipiac r. The 
surface is uneven, the soil gravelly loam, and 
fertile. The v. contains 3 clmrches, 1 Congre- 
gational and 1 Episcopal, and an Episcopal acad- 
emy, which has a principal, and a professor of 
languages, a convenient brick edifice, and a fund 
of $25,000, and is one of the best endowed in- 
stitutions of the kind in the state. There are in 
the t., 6 stores, cap. $10,800 ; 1 fulling m., 3 tan- 
neries, 2 distilleries, 3 powder m., 2 grist m., 5 
saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $260,200. 1 acad. 40 
students, 12 sch. 363 scholars. Pop. 1,529. 

Cheshire, p-v., Canandaigua t., Ontario co., 
N. Y., 203 w. by n. Albany, 346 W. It has 2 
stores, 1 grist m., 2 sawm., and 12 or 15 dwellings. 

Cheshire, p-t., Gallia co., O., 102 s. s. e. 
Columbus, 349 W. It is situated on the Ohio r., 
and has 2 stores, cap. $7,500. Cap. in manufac. 
$500. Pop. 791. 

Chester Bluff, p-o.. Dyer co., Tenn., 157 
w. Nashville, 840 W. 

Chesnut Creek, p-o., Autauga co., Ala., 80 s. 
E. Tuscaloosa, 813 W. 

Ches.nut Flat, p-o.. Walker co., Ga. 

Chesnut Grove, p-o., Lycoming co.. Pa. 

Chesnut Grove, p-o., Pittsylvania co., Va., 
175 w. s. w. Richmond, 258 W. 

Chesnut Grove, p-o., Chester dist., S. C, 64 
N. E. Columbia, 445 W. 

Chesnut Grove, p-o., Shelby co., Kv., 23 w. 
Frankfort, 565 W. 

Chesnut Grove, p-o., Da\1dson co., Tenn., 
20 Nashville, 704 W. 

Chesnut Hill, p-o., Strafford co., N. H., 49 
E. Concord, 513 W. 

Chesnut Hill, p-v., Germantown t., Phila- 
delphia CO., Pa., 9 w. Philadelphia. It has 2 
stores, 80 or 90 dwellings, and 5 or 600 inhabi- 
tants. It is a healthy place of summer resort 
from Philadelplda. 

Chesnut Hill, p-o., Northumberland co., Va 
95 E. by N. Richmond, 156 W. 

Chesnut Hill, p-v., Hall co., Ga., 107 n n 
w. MillcdgeviUe, 632 W. 

Chesnut Hill, p-o., Wasliington co., la., 10' 
s. Indianapolis, 618 W. 

( 'iiesnut Hill, t., Monroe co.. Pa. The sur 
face IS partly hilly, partly level. Watered' bv 
Heads cr. It has a Lutheran church and "l 
store, cap. $1,!300 ; 5 grist m., 19 saw m. Can in 
manufac $1,100. 10 sch. 374 scholars. Pop.l,3'l8 

(iiE.SNUT Level, p-o., Lancaster co.. Pa. 53 
6. E. Harrisburg, 95 W ' " 



Chesnut Ridge, a branch of the Alleghany 
mountains, extending from Md., n. e. through 
Fayette and Westmoreland counties. Pa. 

Chesnut Ridge, p-o., Dover t., Dutchess co., 
N. Y., 78 s. by e. Albany, 315 W. 

Chest, p-t., Clearfield co.. Pa., 150 n. w. Har- 
risburg, 240 W. The surface is hilly and bro- 
ken, the soil loam. Watered by w. branch of 
Susquehanna r. 

Chester, r., rises in Kent co., Del., and flows 
through Md., into a large estuary of Chesapeake 
bay. It is navigable 30 ms. to Chestertovra. 

Chester, county. Pa. Situated in the s. e. 
part of the state, and contains 792 sq. ms. The 
surface in the e. is level or rolling, and in the 
w. hilly or mountainous. The soil is various, 
but highly cultivated. Drained by Brandywine 
cr., and French cr., a branch of the Schuj^lkill 
r., and the head waters of Elk r. The Colum- 
bia and Philadelphia railroad passes through it. 
Capital, Westchester. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 61,398, sheep 56,672, swine 64,543; 
wheat 438,132 bush, produced, rye 86.147, Ind. 
corn 826,413, buckwheat 24,565, barley 45,255, 
oats 1,079,745, potatoes 316,791, hops 941 pounds, 
silk cocoons 905; 219 stores, cap. $692,100; 14 
lumber yards, cap. $26,050 ; 3 furnaces, 10 forges, 
11 fulling m., 19 woollen fac, 18 cotton fac. 
16,268 sp., 3 dyeing and print, estab., 37 tanne- 
ries, 2 distilleries, 2 breweries, 6 potteries, 27 
flouring m., 115 grist m., 150 saw m., 20 oil m., 
26 paper fac, 4 printing offices, 4 weekly news- 
papers. Cap. in manufac. $686,365. 13 acad. 
85vl students, 219 sch. 7,717 scholars. Pop. 1830, 
50,910; 1840, 57,515. 

Chester, district, S. C. Situated in the n. 
part of the state, and contains 600 sq. ms. Ca- 
tawba r. bounds it on the e., and Broad r. on the 
w. The surface is agreeably diversified. Cajv 
ital, Chesterville. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 18,5-24,_ .sheep 9,831, swine 31,103; wiieat 
46,307 bush, produced, rye 2,385, Ind. corn 
714,581, oats 44.561, potatoes 16,252, cotton 
1,844,102 pounds'; 22 stores, cap. $154,300; 6 
tanneries, 5 flouring m., 24 grist m., 14 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $42,720. 2 acad. 70 students, 21 
sch. 527 scholars. Pop. 1830, 17,182 ; 1840, whiles 
9,889, slaves 7,722, free col'd 136 ; total, 17,747. 

Chester, p-t., Roclungham co., N. H., 22 s. 
s. E. Concord, 463 W. Watered :by a branch of 
Exeter r. Massabesick pond in the n. w. part 
of the t., contains 1,500 acres. The surface is 
elevated and rolling, with some extensive mea- 
dows, and the soil is fertile. The v. which is a 
place of considerable business, occupies an ele- 
vated position, commanding an extensive prospect. 
It has 7 stores, cap. $12,000 ; 2 tanneries, 5 grist 
m., 14 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $21,825. 1 acad. 
30 students, 19 sch. 746 scholars. Pop. 2,173. 

Chester, t., Penobscot co., Me. It has 5 
sch. 124 scholars. Pop. 277. 

Chester, p-t., Windsor co., Vt., 83 s. 3Ionl> 
pelier, 457 W. Chartered by N. H., in 1754, 
first settled in 1764. The surface is uneven, 
and the soil fertile. It has 2 pleasant villages. 
The religious denominations are Congregation- 
alists. Baptists, Methodists, and Universalists. 
The Baptist church was long under the care of 
Elder Aaron Leland, who was lieutenant gov- 
ernor of the state. The s. village has a Baptist 
chur(^!), and a flourishing academy, with a 3 
story brick edifice, and various manufacturing 
esial)lishments. It has 6 stores, cap. $20,000; 1 
fulling m., 1 tannery, 4 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. 
in mauulac. $20,427. 1 acad. 267 students, 20 
sch. 752 scholars. Pop. 2,305. 

Chester, p-t., Eaton co. Mich. Pop. 195. 



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Chester, p-t., Hampden co., Mass., 116vv. by 
s. Boston, 380 W. Incorporated in 1765. The 
surl'ace is mountainous, and the soil good for 
grazing. Watered by branches of Westfield r., 
which afford water power. It has 4 stores, cap. 
$6,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 cotton fac. 
12,092 sp., 3 tanneries, 2 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $32,000. 7 sch. 205 scholars. Pop. 1,632. 

Chester, p-t., Middlesex co., Ct., 31 s. by E. 
Hartford, 340 W. It lias Haddam on the n., and 
Saybrook on the s. It has great water power, 
and some manufactories. It has 3 stores, cap. 
$15,000; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 2 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $30,300. 6 sch. 226 schol- 
ars. Pop. 974. 

Chester, p-v., Goshen t., Orange co., N. Y., 
102 s. by w. Albany, 277 W. It has 1 church, 
5 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., and 30 dwellings. 
It is on the line of the New York and Erie rail- 
road, and is a great market for cattle. 

Chester, t., Warren co., N. Y., 18 n. w. 
Caldwell, 80 n. Albany. The surface is hilly 
and mountainous ; soil, sandy loam, productive in 
the valleys. Watered by Hudson r. and its tri- 
butaries. Schroon lake lies on its n. e. border. 
It has 7 stores, cap. $13,000; 2 fulling m., 2 tan- 
neries, 2 grist m., 9 saw m., 15 sch. 525 scholars. 
Pop. 1,633. 

Chester, p-t, Morris co., N. J., 50 n. by e. 
Trenton, 224 W. The surface is rolling, and the 
soil a loam, under good cultivation. Drained by 
Black r., and tributaries of the w. branch of Ra- 
ritan r. The v. extends for more than a mile 
along the foot of an isolated mountain, and con- 
tains 2 chiuxhcs, 1 Presbyterian and 1 Congre- 
gational, 3 stores, and over 30 dwellings. There 
are in the t., 4 stores, cap. $8,000 ; 2 fulling m., 1 
tannery, 10 distilleries, 3 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $23,250. 7 sch. 382 scholars. Pop. 1,321. 

Chester, p-v., capital of Delaware co.. Pa., 
94 e. s. e. Harrisburg, 14 s. w. Pliiladelphia, 124 
W. Situated on the w. bank of Delaware r., 
and is the oldest town in Pa., settled long before 
the grant of Wm. Penn, in 1681. Originally 
called Upland, and received its present name in 
1701. It contains a court hou.se, jail, and other 
county buildings, 1 Friends church, 4 stores, an 
athensenm, a bank, and 140 dwellings, mostly 
ot' stone or brick. Some of the original houses 
are yet standing. It has 2 stores, cap. $4,300 ; 1 
lulling m., 1 cotton fac, 3 potteries, 1 printing 
office, 1 weekly paper. Cap. in manufac. 
$25,650. 4 sch. 244 scholars. Pop. 1,790. 

Chester, t., Wayne co., Pa., on the w. bank 
of the Delaware r. Pop. 1,993. 

Chester, p-v., Randolph co.. 111., 149 s. E. 
Springfield, 841 W. Situated on the e. bank of 
Mississippi r., 2 ms. below the mouth of the Kas- 
kaskia r. It is on an elevated strip of bottom 
land, at the foot of the bluffs, and is a commer- 
cial depot for the country back. Pop. between 
3 and 400. 

Chester, t., Wabash co., la. It has 1 sch. 
20 scholars. Pop. 536. 

Chester, C. H., p-v., capital of Chester dist., 
S. C, 57 N. by w. Columbia, 452 W. Situated 
on the dividing ridge, between the waters of 
Broad and Wateree rs. It contains a court house, 
jail, and several stores and dwellings. 

Chester, p-v., Gwinnett co., Ga., 82 n. w. 
Milledgeville, 656 W. 

Chester, p-t., Meigs co., O., 95 s. s. e. Co- 
lumbus, 334 W. Tlie v. is situated on the n. 
side of Shade r., which flows into the Ohio r. 
There are in the t., 8 stores, cap. $14,800; 4 
tanneries, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $1,600. 8 sch. 332 scholars. Pop. 1.479. 



Chester, t., Burlington co., N. J., 9 s. w. 
Mount Holly. The surface is level ; soil, sand or 
sandy loam, of good quality, and well cultivated. 
Drained by Rancocus and Pensauken creeks ; 
and by Pompeston cr., and Swedes branch, 
both of which empty immediately into the Dela- 
ware. It produces grass, grain, vegetables and 
fruits. It has 10 stores, cap. .$25,200 ; 2 distille- 
ries, 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$37,100. 9 sch. 467 scholars. Pop. 2,603. 

Chester, t, Knox co., O., 50 n. n. e. Colum- 
bus. Watered by a branch of Vernon r., which 
affords mill seats. Chesterville p-v. is in this town, 
which see. It has 8 sch. 240 scholars. Pop. 1,295. 

Chester, t., Butler co., O. Pop. 190. 

Chester, t., Clinton co. O. Watered by trib- 
utaries of Little Miami r. It has a fine soil, well 
improved. It has 4 stores, cap. $6,800 ; 1 fulling 
m., 1 woollen lac, 1 tannery, 1 flouring m., 1 
girst m., 3 saw ra., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. 
$8,575. 10 sch. 675 scholars. Pop. 1,784. 

Chester, t., Geauga co., O., 160 n. e. Colum- 
bus, 19 E. Cleveland. The surface is elevated, 
and the soil is well adapted to grazing. It has 1 
store, cap. $1,000; 1 tannery, 2 saw m., 7 sch. 
296 scholars. Pop. 962. 

Chester Cross Ro,\ds, p-v., Chester t., Ge- 
auga CO., O., 159 N. E. Columbus, 345 W. 

Chester Factory, p-v., Chester t., Hampden 
CO., Mass., 113 w. by s. Boston, 380 W. 

Chesterfield, comity, Va., has James r. on 
the N. and n. e., and Appomattox r. on the s.and 
s. w. It contains 456 square ms. The surface 
is somewhat broken. Capital, Chesterfield C.H. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 6,697, .sheep 7,225, 
swine 16,595 ; wheat 34,414 bushels produced, 
Indian corn 284,870, oats 156,033, potatoes 9,743, 
silk cocoons 100 pounds, tobacco 6!t0,005 pounds, 
cotton 5,718 ; 26 stores, cap. $20,475 ; 8 cotton 
fac. 20,110 sp., 3 flouring m., 19 grist m., 12 saw 
m. Cap. manufac. $935,100. 22 sch. 420 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1830, 1 1,GS9 ; 18 10, whites 7,859, slaves 
8,702 free col'd 587 ; total, 17,143. 

Chesterfield, district, S. C, situated in the 
N. E. part of the state, and contains 750 sq. ms. 
It has Great Pedee r. on its n. e. border, and 
Lynch's cr. on its s. w. border ; Black cr. flows 
through its centre. The soil on the streams is 
fertile ; back of them, it is sandy and poor. It 
abounds witli fine springs of pure water. Cap- 
ital, Chesterfield C. II. There were in 1810, neat 
cattle 9,824, sheep 3,423, swine 18,834 ; wheat 
5,859 bush, produced, rye 853, Ind. corn 198,100, 
oatsl6,038,potatoes21,G20, cotton 268,122 pounds, 
silk cocoons 250 ; 28 stores, cap. $202,100 ; 3 tan- 
neries, 1 flouring m., 45 grist m., 16 saw m., 1 print- 
ing office, 1 bindery, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. 
in manufac. $40,910. Pop. 1H30, 8,472; 1840, whites 
5,537, slaves 2,871, free col'd 166; total, 8,574. 

Chesterfield, p-t., Cheshire co., N. H., 59 
s. w. Concord, 430 W. It lies on Connecticut r., 
opposite to Brattleboro', Vt. The land on the 
shore of Connecticut r. is elevated. The surface 
is varied, and the soil well adapted to grazing, 
and to Indian corn, (^at's Bane brook furnishes 
mill seats, as does also Partridge's brook. Spaf- 
ford's lake is a beautiful sheet of very pure wa- 
ter, and covers 526 acres. The prmcipal v. has 
a church, and a flourishing academy, founded ui 
1794. There are in the t. 4 stores, caj). $9,500 ; 
1 cotton fac. 500 sp., 3 tanneries, 3 grist m.,8 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $27,352. 1 acad. 71 stu- 
dents, 14 sch. 575 scholars. Pop. 1,765. 

Chesterfield, p-t., Hampshire co., Mass., 106 
w. Boston, 11 w. N. w. Northampton, 393 W. 
The surface is elevated and rough, and the soil 
productive in grass and Lidian corn. Drained by 



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124 



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a branch of Westfield r., which affords good wa- 
ter power. JVlauy sheep are kept in the t. It 
has 4 stores, cap. $14,500 ; 3 grist, m., 7 saw m., 
1 acad., 10 sch. 411 scholars. Pop. 1,132. 

Chesterfield, p-v., Montville t., New Lon- 
don CO., Ct., 36 s. E. Hartford, 360 W. It has a 
Congregational and a Baptist cliiirch. 

Chesteufield, p-t., Lucas co., O., 170 n. n. w. 
Columbus, 501 W. Watered by Bean cr., a branch 
oflVIaumeer. It has 2 sch. 86 scholars. Pop. 301. 

Chesterfield, t., Burlington co., N. J., 12 n. 
E. Mount Holly. The surface is level: soil 
sandy, mixed with clay and loam. Drained by 
Crosswick's and Black creeks, tributaries of Del- 
aware r., whicli bounds it on the w. It contains 
the V. of Bordentowii. It has 22 stores, cap. 
$38,000 ; 2 distilleries, 3 grist m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $55,900. 11 sch. 557 scholars. Pop. 3,433. 

Chesterfield, p-o., Macoupin co., III., 49 s. 
s. w. Springfield, 821 W. 

Chesterfield, t., Essex co., N. Y., 150 n. 
Albany. It has Lake Champlain on its e. bor- 
der. Surface hilly and mountainous ; soil, sandy 
loam and clay. Drained by Ausable r. It has 
a landing place at Port Douglass, and the villages 
of Port Kent and Keeseville. It has 4 forges, 14 
stores, cap. $42,200 ; 3 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 
2 printuig offices, 2 weekly papers, 3 grist m., 19 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $127,780. 8 sch. 447 
scholars. Pop. 2,716. 

Chesterfield, p-o., capital of Chesterfield 
CO., Va., 16 s. by w. Richmond, 133 W. It con- 
tains a court house and a few dwellings. 

Chesterfield, p-v., capital of Cliesterfield 
district, S. C, 105 n. n. e. Columbia, 435 W. 
Situated on the s. w. side of Thompson's cr., a 
branch of Great Pedee r. It contains a court house 
and several stores and dwellings. 

Chesterfield Factory, Chesterfield town, 
Cheshire co., N. H., 56 s. w. Concord, 433 W. 

Chester Hill, p.o., Athens co., O., 83 s. e. 
Columbus, 326 W. 

Chester Springs, p-o., Pikeland t., Chester 
CO., Pa., 72 s. E. Harnsburg, 150 W. This is a 
pleasant watering place. 

Chesteutown, p-v., Chester t., Warren co., 
N. Y., 81 N. Albany, 456 W. It contains 3 
churches— 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, and 1 Meth- 
odist— 6 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 tannery 1 
clothier's works, 50 dweUings, and about 350 
inhabitants. 

Chester-town, p-v., seaport, and capital of 
Kent CO., Md., 54 n. e. Annapolis, 94 W Situ- 
ated on the w. side of Chester r., 30 miles above 
Its entrance into Chesapeake bay. It contains a 
court house, jail, 2 churches, a branch of the Uni- 
versity of Maryland, called Washington college 
with a spacious edifice. A bridge here crosses 
Chester r. Pop. nearly 1,000. 

Chesterville, p-t., Franklin co.. Me 26 n 
w. Augusta, 611 W. Watered by Wilson's 

fJn?'"^?. ^'■'"^'* °*' ^'^'^^y •■• Incorporated in 
18U2. 1 he sou IS excellent, adapted to wheat It 
has 2 stores, cap. $2,000 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanner- 

«2 5m^"d "l-'^of^")- ^"■^^''^ '" manufac. 
$4,500. 4 sch. 296 scholars. Pop. 1,098. 

(-'IIESTERVILLE, p-0., PottCr CO., Pa., 180 N N 

w. llarn-sburg, 290 W. 

Chesterville, p-v., Chester t., Knox co O 
53 N. N e. Columbus, 3S9 W. It contains 1 
church, 5 stores, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m 1 tan 
nery 50 dwellings, 2 sch. 230 scholars, and 283 
intiabitants. 

Chesterville, p-v., Gibson co., Tenn 148 
w. Nashville, 830 A<^. ' "'' ^^^ 

Chess Springs, p-o., Cambria co.. Pa., 140 w 
by N. Harnsburg, 194 W. 



1 Cheti.maciies, lake. La., between Atcliafa- 
laya and Teche rivers. It receives its waters 
from the former, in lime of high water, and dis- 
charges them at all seasons into it again, 15 miles 
above its entrance into the sea. It is 40 miles 
long, and from 1 to 6 broad, .shallow, and sur- 
rounded by a low and marshy country, which 
is annually overllowed. 

CiiEsuNCooK, lake. Me., 10 n. e. Moosehead 
lake. The Penobscot r. passes through it. 

Cheviot, p-v., Green t., Hamilton co., O., 7 
N. w. Cincinnati, 122 s. w. Columbus, 496 W. 

Chew's Landing, p-v., Gloucester t., Glouces- 
ter CO., N. J., 38 s. s. e. Trenton, 148 W. Situ- 
ated on the N. branch of Big Timber cr. It has 

2 churches — 1 Episcopal and 1 Methodist — 3 
stores, 2 grist m., and about 50 dwellings. It ex- 
ports considerable lumber and wood, and has 
considerable business. 

CiiEWSviLLE, p-v., Washington co., Md., 105 
N. w. Annapolis, 73 W. 

Chicago, r.. 111., which forms the harbor of 
Chicago, near tho .s. end of Lake Michigan, is 
composed of two branches ; the n., which is 
about 40 miles long, rises near the N. boundary 
of Illinois, and unites with the s. branch i of 
a mile from its entrance into the lake. The s. 
branch is only about 6 miles long, but is suffi- 
ciently deep to afford a secure harbor for vessels 
of any burden, which navigate the lake. The 
natural portage from the C'hiciig<j r. to the Des 
Plaines r., a head branch of Illinois r., is only 6 
ms., and is so low that, at high water, it is often 
overflowed, so that boats can pass from river to 
river. 

Chicago, city, p-v., and capital of Cook co., 
111., 204 N. N. E. Springfield, 717 W. It is beau- 
tifully situated on level ground, sufficiently ele- 
vated to secure it from ordinary floods, on both 
sides of a r. of the same name, between the junc- 
tion of its N. and s. branches and its entrance into 
Lake Michigan, a distance of i of a mile. It ex- 
tends along the lake shore for a mile. The r. is 
here from 50 to 75 yards wide, and from 15 to 25 
feet deep. The bar at the mouth has only about 

3 feet of water. An artificial harbor has been 
made by the construction of piers, which extend 
on each side of the entrance of the river for some- 
distance into the lake, to prevent the accumula- 
tion of sand upon the bar. It contains the county 
buildings, a U. S. land office, 8 churches — 2 
Presbyterian, 1 Methodist, 1 Baptist, 1 Episcopal, 
1 Universalist, 1 Unitarian, and 1 Koman Cath 
olic — an academy, a fire insurance company, 
and water works. Numerous steamboats and 
vessels ply between this place and BuflTalo, and 
the various intermediate places on the upper 
lakes. Back of the city, toward the Des Plaines 
r., is a fertile prairie, which for the first 3 or 4 
miles is elevated and dry. Along the n. branch 
of the Chicago and the lake shore are extensive 
bodies of fine timber. White pine lumber is ob- 
tained from the regions about Green bay and 
Grand r., in Michigan, and across the lake from 
St. Joseph's r. The canal now in progress from 
this place to the Illinois r. will add to its impor- 
tance and business. It is 60 feet wide at top, and 
6 feet deep, 105 ms. hi length, including a feeder 
of 4 ms., and 5 ms. of river navigation, and is es- 
timated to cost $8,654,337. The imports of the 
place amount to over $3,500,000. It had in 1840, 

4 foreign commission houses, with a capital of 
$35,300; 97 retail stores, cap. $400,300 ; 11 lum- 
ber yards, cap. $38,900 ; 1 furnace, cap. $20,000 ; 
1 distillery, 2 flouring m., 3 printing offices, 1 
bindery, 2 daily and 2 weekly newspapers, and 
1 periodical, 14 brick and stone houses, and 41 



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125 



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wooden houses, built during the year, and cost 
$57,500. Cap. in manufac. $61,950. 11 sch. 
397 scholars. Pop. 4,470. 

Chichester, p-t., Merrimac co., N. H., 8 e. 
Concord, 489 W. The surface is generally level ; 
soil, good, with little waste land. Fir.'^t settled in 
1753. Watered by Suncook r., which affords 
water power. A Congregational church was or- 
ganized in 1791. It has 4 stores, cap. $2,500; 2 
tanneries, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $1,755. 8 sch. 390 scholars. Pop. 1,03S. 

ChickahomIxVY, r., Va., rises about 25 ms. n. 
w. Richmond, and forms the boundary between 
several counties, and after a course of 60 ms. it 
enters James r. 37 ras. above Point C^omfort. 

Chick.\ho.miny, p-o., Hanover co., Va., 13 n. 
Richmond, 122 W. 

CnicK.\LACK. p-o.. Pope co., Ark., 80 n. w. 
Little Rock, 1,145 W. 

Chick.\matjg.\, r., in the n. w. part of Ga., en- 
ters Tennessee r. in the state of Tennessee, a 
few miles above Lookout mountain. 

Chickapee, r., Ms., rises in Worcester co., 
and runs s. w. into Connecticut r., in the n. part 
of Springfield. 

Chickapee Falls, p-v., Springfield t., Hamp- 
den CO., Ms., 87 w. s. w. Boston, 368 W. Situa- 
ted on the e. side of Chickapee r., 2 ms. from its 
entrance into the Connecticut, and is a flourish- 
ing manufacturing village. It has 3 churches — 
1 Baptist, 1 Congregational, 1 Methodist — 4 cot- 
ton fac, and 1 paper fac. 

Chickasaw, county. Miss. Situated toward 
the i\. part of the state, and contains 970 sq. ms. 
Watered by Yallo Busha r. and Oktibbeha cr. 
Capital, Houston. There were in 1840, neat cat- 
tle 6,371, sheep 704, swine 8,286; wheat 3,801 
bush, produced, Ind. corn 129,280, oats 5,151, 
potatoes 6,034, rice 3,775 pounds, tobacco 12,286, 
cotton 338,548 ; 2 stores, cap. $8,500 ; 4 sch. 93 
scholars. Pop. whites 2,148, slaves 806, free 
cord 1 ; total, 2,955. 

Chickasaw, p-o., Mercer co., O., 102 w. n. w. 
Columbus, 496 W. 

Chickasawha, p-o., Clarke co. Miss., 154 e. by 
s. Jackson, 965 W. 

Chickasawha, r., Miss. (See Pascagoula.) 

Chicot, county. Ark. Situated in the s. E. 
part of the state, and contains 1,800 sq. ms. 
brained by Bartholomew, Boeuff, and Macon 
rivers. The surface is level, and some of it lia- 
ble to submersion ; the soil is variou.^, some of it 
vei-y fertile, and .some barren. Capital, Colum- 
bia. There were in 1840, neat cattle 6,491, 
sheep 564, swine 9,848; Ind. corn 179,580 bush, 
produced, oats 1,170, potatoes 15,040, cotton 
1,114,622 pounds; 53 grist m., 1 sch. 13 scholars. 
Pop. 1H30, 1,165 ; 1840, wliites 1,105, slaves 2,698, 
free col'd 3 ; total, 3,806. 

Chicktawaga, t., Erie co., N. Y., 6 e. Buffalo, 
278 w. Albany. The surface is undulating, soil 
productive. Watered by Cayuga and Cazenove 
creeks, head branches of Buffalo cr. It contauis 
an Indian reservation, belonging to the Seneca 
tribe, in the s. part. It has 1 distillery, 2 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $6,800. 3 sch. 78 scholars. 
Pop. 1,137. 

Childsburg, p-v., Fayette co., Ky., 32 e. 
Frankfort, 530 W. 

Chilesburg, p-o., Caroline co., Va., 85 n. 
Richmond. 79 W. 

Chilhowee, p-o., Blount CO., Tenn., 197 e. by 
s. Nashville, 540 W. 

Chili, p-t., Monroe co., N. Y., 10 s. w. Ro- 
chester, 224 w. by n. Albany, 379 W. The sur- 
face is undulating ; soil, a fertile clay loam. 
Drained by Black cr., a branch of Genesee r., 



which runs on its e. border. It has 4 stores, cap. 
$18,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 flouring 
m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $30,350. 15 sch. 
765 scholars. Pop. 2,174. 

Chili, p o., Coshocton co., O., 92 n. e. Colum- 
bus, 340 W. 

Chili, p-v., Hancock co., 111., 109 w. n. w. 
Springfield, 832 W. 

Chilicothe, p-v., city, capital of Ross co., O., 
45 s. Columbus, 400 W. It is handsomely situ- 
ated on the w. bank of Scioto r., in Scioto t. Its 
plan has been thought to resemble that of Phila- 
delphia. The Scioto washes its northern limit, 
and Paint cr. its southern, here i of a mile a part. 
The principal streets follow the course of the r., 
and these are crossed by others at right angles, 
extenduig from the r. to the cr. The two main 
streets, which cross each other at riglit angles at 
the centre of the t., are 99 feet wide. Water 
street, which fronts the r., is 82i feet wide ; the 
other streets are 66 wide. Founded in 1796. It 
has a court house and jail, 2 market houses, a 
U. S. Land ofllce, 23 stores, an elegant banldng 
house, 4 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Associate 
Reformed, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Methodist — 2 acad. 
85 students. Pop. 3,977. In the midst of the v. 
was an ancient mound, now removed to give 
place for buildings. The Ohio canal passes 
through it. On the w. side of the v. is a hill 
rising abruptly to the height of 3U0 feet, from 
which there is a beautiful and extensive view of 
the place, and the surrounding country. 

Chilicothe, p-v., capital of Livingston co., 
Mo., 150 N. w. Jefferson city, 1,053 W. Situated 
3i ms. from the junction of the E. and W. Forks 
of Grand r., on a prairie. It contains a court 
house and jail. It has 2 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 
614. ^ 

Chilicothe, p-v., Peoria co.. 111., 88 n. Spring- 
field, 802 W. It is situated at the upper end of 
Peoria Lake. 

CiiiLLisauAQUE, p-t., Northumberland co.. 
Pa., 65 N. Harrisburg, 482 W. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $3,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 1 grist m. 
Cap. in manufac. $7,750. 4 sch. 193 scholars. 
Pop. 1,399. 

Chil.mark, p-t., Dukes co., Ms., 100 s. s. e. 
Boston, 482 W. It is situated in the s. w. part 
of the island of Martha's Vineyard. At the w. 
end of the t. is a peninsula, owned in part by the 
native Indian.*, on the n. vv. point of which is the 
promontory called Gay Head, which projects into 
the sea, 150 feet above its level, on the summit 
of which is a light-house. In the s. w. part of 
the t. is a projecting point denominated Squib- 
nocket. There are 3 churches — 2 Congrega- 
tional and 1 Methodist. It has 2 stores, cap. 
$1,100; 1 woollen fac., 2 grist m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $1,375. 4 sch. 135 scholars. Population, 
702. 

Child, p-v., Franklin t., Clermont co., O., 
123 s. w. Columbus, 483 W. Situated on the n. 
bank of the Ohio r. It was called 3Iechanicsburg 
until 1820. 

Chimney Point, p-o., Addison t., Addison co., 
Vt., 86 s. w. Montpelier, 482 W. It hes on Lake 
Champlain, nearly opposite to Ticonderoga, N. 
York. 

China, p-t., Keiuiebec co.. Me., 21 e. by n. 
Augusta, 616 W. Watered by a fine small lake, 
called Twelve Mile Pond, the outlet of which 
flows into a branch of the Kennebec, and affords 
good mill seats. The v. is pleasantly situated on 
the margin of this lake, and has a steam saw m., 
and an academy. The t. produces good wheat. 
It has 9 stores, cap. $22,100 ; 1 fulling m., 3 tan- 
neries, 4 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 



CHI 



126 



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$23,785. 1 acad. 155 students, 23 sch. 1,230 
scholars. Pop. 2,675. 

Chi.v.*, p-t., Wyoming co., N. 1 ., 273 w. Alba- 
ny, 3-1^ W. The surface is undulating, and the 
soil, clay loam, well adapted to grass. Drained 
by Clear cr., a branch of Cattaraugus cr. It has 
4 stores, cap. $10,500; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 
I tannery, 2 grist m., 7 saw ra. Cap in manu- 
fac. .$15,300. 15 sch. 568 scholars. Population, 
1,437. 

Chwa, p-t., St. Clair cc, Mich., 51 n. n. e. 
Detroit, 575 W. Belle r. passes through its n. e. 
corner ; drained on the s. by Swan cr. It has 2 
.stores, cap. $4,000 ; 1 lumber yard, cap. $3,000 ; 
1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,400. 
Pop. 610. 

China Grove, p-o.. Rowan co., N. C, 123 w. 
by s. Raleigh, 365 W. 

China Grove, p-o., Williamsburg dist., S. C, 
131 K. s. E. Columbia, 476 W. 

China Grove, p-o., Pike co., Ala., 149 s. E. 
Tuscaloosa, 860 W. 

China Grove, p-o., Pike co., Miss., 101 s. 
Jackson, 1.081 W. 

China Grove, p-o., Gibson co., Tenn., 140 
w. Nashville, 824 W. 

China Hill, p-o., Gadsden co., Flor. 

Chinnebee, p-o., Taladega co., Ala. 

Chippewa, county, Mich. Situated in the n. 
part of the state, in the n. peninsula, and con- 
tains 2,000 sq. ms. Bounded n. by Lake .Supe- 
rior, E. by Saint Mary's river, and s. by Macki- 
naw county. It contained in 1840, 83 neat 
cattle, 14 sheep, 48 swine ; and produced 322 
bushels of oats, 3,065 o^ potatoes, 9,870 pounds 
of sugar, 2,535 barrels of pickled fish, capital 
$11,550, furs $3,300. It had 7 stores, capital 
$34,300, I saw mill, 2 schools, 81 scholars. Pop. 
534. 

Chippewa, nver. Wis. It rises on the boun- 
dary line between Michigan and Wisconsin ; in- 
terlocking sources with Montreal r., of Lake Su- 
perior, and pursuing a southern course, it receives 
several streams, outlets of lakes, and Red Cedar 
r., when, after a course of 150 ms., it enters the 
Mississippi immediately below Lake Pepin. 

Chippeway, t., Beaver co., Pa., 7 n. w. Beaver. 
The surface is hilly ; soil, loam. It has 1 grist 
ra., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,000. 4 sch. 
125 scholars. Pop. 610. 

Chippewa, p-t., Wayne co., O., 113 n. e. Co- 
lumbus, 18 N. E. Woosier, 336 W. The soil is 
fertile and well cultivated. The v. is known on 
the records by the name of Doylestown, but the 
p-o. by that of Chippewa. It has 3 stores, cap. 
$5,500 ; 1 tannery, 3 flouring m., 6 saw m. Cap 
in manufac. $19,595. 2 sch. 64 scholars. Pop 
1,787. ^ 

Chippewayan Mountains, is a name often 
given to the great spine of North America, ex- 
tending from the isthmus of Darien to the Arctic 
ocean. That portion of it which lies within the 
Uiuted Slates, is generallv called the Rocky 
Mountams. From these mountauis flow the 
great western tributaries of the Mississippi. 

Cuisholm's Store, p-o., Montgomery co N 
C, 131 w. s. w. Raleigh, 398 W. ■> » • 

Chittknango, p-o., Sullivan t., Madison co , 
N. Y., 120 w. N. w. Albany, 352 W. Situated 1 
m. s. of the Lrie canal, with which it is connected 
by a side-cut. It contains 10 stores, 3 churches— 
1 Reformed Dutch, 1 Presbyterian, and 1 Metho- 

i- "iL"^'?""?," ^'"'•' ^ i^"""'"? "•■' 2 water lime 
foe., 180 dwellings, and about 1,000 inhabitants. 
1 he Syracuse and Utica railroad passes near the 
v., where is a depot. There is a mineral sprint 
I m. s. ol the v., the chief ingredients of which 



are sulphate of lime and magnesia, and sulphu- 
retted hydrogen gas, which is useful in several 
complaints. 

Chittenango, cr., rises in Nelson t., Madi.son 
CO., and flows N. into Oneida lake, furnishing 
water power. 

Chittenden, county, Vt. Situated toward 
the n. w. part of Vt., and contains 500 sq. miles. 
Onion r. passes through its centre ; and between 
Burlington and Colchester, at Winooski city, is a 
fall of about 20 feet, affording extensive water 
power. The Lamoille r. passes through its n. w. 
corner, and Laplot'e, a small r., passes through its 
s. part. Lake Champlain bounds it on the w. 
The soil varies from a light sand to a strong clay 
loam, and a rich alluvion. A part of it was origi- 
nally covered with a heavy growth of white pine, 
but the greater part with maple, beech, and other 
hard woods. The surface near the lake shore is 
level, but becomes uneven and mountainous to- 
ward the E. Capital, Burlington. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 24,142, sheep 110,774, swine 
25,310 ; wheat 29,502 bush, produced, rye 31,570, 
Ind. corn 119,087, buckwheat 11,575, barley 
1,305, oats 131,799, potatoes 522,792, silk cocoons 
157 pounds, sugar 177,343; 87 stores, capital 
$490,830 ; 3 lumber yards, cap. $26,000 ; 1 rope 
fac, 1 1 fulling m., 10 woollen fac, 17 tanneries, 
1 distillery, 1 brewery, 1 glass fac, 1 pottery, 10 
grist m., 58 saw m., 2 paper fac, 3 printing offices, 
1 bindery, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $362,983. 1 college, 101 students, 3 acad. 
256 students, 144 sch. 5,170 scholars. Pop. 1830, 
21,765; 1840,22,977. 

Chittenden, p-t., Rutland co., Vt., 12 n. by 
E. Rutland, 40 s. by w. Montpelier. It lies on 
the Green Mountains. Chartered in 1780. Wa- 
tered by Philadelphia r., a branch of Otter 
Creek, on the w., and by Tweed r., which 
flows into White r. E. ; and it therefore occupies 
the height of land between Connecticut r. and 
Lake Champlain. It has I furnace, 5 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $2,300 ; 7 sch. 163 scholars. 
Pop. 644. 

Chocchuma, p-v., Tallahatchee co.. Miss., 113 
N. Jackson, 994 W. Situated on the E. side of 
Yallo Busha r. 

Choconut, p-t., Susquehanna co.. Pa., 189 n. 
N. E. Harrisburg, 299 W. It has 4 stores, capital 
$13,300. 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 6 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,700. 1 acad. 100 
students, 7 sch. 175 scholars. Pop. 962. 

Choctaw, county, Miss., situated a little N. of 
the centre of the state, and contains 920 sq. ms. 
Drained by the head branches of Big Black r. 
Capital, Greensboro. There were in 1840, neat cat- 
tle 10,424, sheep 2,008, swine 36,173 ; wheat 4,006 
bush, produced, Ind. corn 276,202, oats 2,820, po- 
tatoes 16,475, cotton 775,685 pounds ; 4 stores, 
cap. $20,000 ; 15 grist m., 1 1 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $38,400. 15 sch. 303 scholars. Pop. 
whites 4,443, slaves 1,564, free col'd 3; total, 
6,010. 

Choctaw Agency, p-o., Oktibbeha co.. Miss., 
117 N. E. Jackson, 909 W. 

Choctaw Agency, p-o., Choctaw Nation, Ark., 
166 w. by N. Little Rock, 1,231 W. 

Choctawhatchee, r., rises in Alabama, and 
after a course of 130 ms. flows into a bay of the 
same nanje in Florida. 

Choice's Store, p-o., Gwinnett co., Ga., 96 
N. w. Milledgeville, 667 W. 

Choptank, r., Md., on the E. shore, is formed 
by 2 main branches, one of which rises in Del. 
It empties into a large estuary in Chesapeake 
bay, and is navigable for sloops" 40 miles from ita 
mouth, 



CHR 



127 



CIN 



Chota, p-o., Monroe co., Tenn., 188 E. s. E. 
Nashville, 544 W. 

Chowan, r., N. C, is formed by the union of 
Nottaway, Meherrin, and Blackwater rs., which 
rise and run chielly in Virginia. It flows into 
Albemarle Sound, a little n. of the mouth of the 
Roanoke. It is navigable, on the Meherrin 
branch, for large vessels to Murfreesboro, in the 
N. part of the county of Hertford, near the line of 
Virginia. 

Chowan, county, N. C. Situated in tlie n. e. 
part of the state, having Chowan r. on the w., and 
Albemarle sound on the s., and contains 200 sq. 
ms. The surface is level, and the soil produc- 
tive. Capital, Edenton. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 4,13'.l, sheep 1,387, swine 15,541; 
wheat 15,349 bush, produced, rye 743, Ind. corn 
282,209, oats 13,962, potatoes 30,337, cotton 
1,267,297 pounds, 3 com. houses in for. trade, cap. 
$6,000; 21 stores, cap. $115,400; cap. invested 
in fisheries, $69,697 ; 2 tanneries, 44 distilleries, 
I flouring m., 14 grist m., 9 saw m., 2 printing of- 
fices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. 
$70,020. 2 acad. 143 students, 12 sch. 214 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1830, 6,683 ; 1340, whites 2,865, slaves 
3,665, free col'd 160 ; total, 6,693. 

Christian, county, Ky. Situated in the s. 
part of the state, and contains 612 sq. ms. The 
land in the n. part is poor, but covered with tim- 
ber; in the s. w. are fertile barrens, as they are 
called. The soil is a fertile clay, and produces 
tobncco, corn, wheat, &c. It is the 3d county in 
wealth in the state. Watered by Little r. and its 
branches, and Pond and Tradewater rs. Capital, 
Hopkinsville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
15,053, sheep 18,196, swine 52,656 ; wheat 103,833 
bush, produced, rye 13,284, Ind. corn 1,022,850, 
oats 290,585, potatoes 22,846, hemp and flax 177 
tons, tobacco 3,409,502 poimds, cotton 43,040, 
sugar 19,190, bituminous coal 11,475 bushels ; 
31 stores, cap. $136,875; 8 tanneries, 19 distille- 
ries, 3 potteries, 13 flouring m., 23 grist m., 13 saw 
m., 1 oil m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspa- 
per. Cap. in manulac. $31,640. 4 acad. 234 
students, 19 schools, 517 scholars. Population, 
whites 9,491, slaves 5,997, free col'd 99; total, 
15,537. 

Christian, county, 111. Situated in the cen- 
tral part of the state, contains 350 sq. ms. Sur- 
face level, soil rich. Drained by South Fork of 
Sangamon and branches. Capital, Edinburg. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 3,069, sheep 
2,571, swine 10,773; wheat 8,821 bush, produced, 
Ind. corn 159,112, oats 23,203, potatoes 5,377, to- 
bacco 4,910 pounds ; 2 stores, cap. $3,000 ; 1 tan- 
nery, 3 distilleries, 8 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $11,280. 6 sch. 155 scholars. Popula- 
tion 1,878. 

Christian, t., Independence co., Ark. Pop. 
425. 

Christiana, r. or or., has its head branches in 
Pa. and Md., and flows into the Brandywine at 
Wilmington. It is navigable for vessels drawing 
9 feet water to Newport, and those requiring 6 
feet to Christiana-bridge, 9 miles above Wilming- 
ton. 

Christiana, p-h.. New Castle co., Del., 85 n. 
by w. Dover, 102 W. The v. is generally called 
Christiana Bridge, situated on Christiana cr., 9 
s. w. Wilmington. It has an active trade with 
Philadelphia in flour. It has 3 cotton fac. 8,560 
sp., 26 powder m., 2 flouring m., 5 grist m., 7 saw 
m. Capital in manufactures, $344,250. 1 acad- 
emy, 9 students, 9 schools, 702 scholars. Popu- 
lation, 3,725. 

Christians, p-c, Edgefield dist., S. C, 5(5 w. 
Columbia, 534 W. 



CiniisTiANSBUUG, p-v., Capital of Montgomery 
CO., Va., 203 w. s. w. Richmond, 271 W. It con- 
tains a court house, jail, and other cotmty build- 
ings, 2 churches — 1 Presbyterian and 1 Metho- 
dist — 5 stores, 2 tanneries, and various mechanic 
shops. Pop. 335, of whom 230 arc white and 105 
colored. 

Christiansburg, p-v., Shelby co., Ky., 13 w. 
by N. Frankfort, 555 W. 

Christiansburg, p-v., .Tackson t.. Champaign 
CO., O., 60 w. by n. Columbus, 454 W. 

Christiansville, p-v., Mecklenburg co., Va., 
97 s. w. Richmond, 210 W. 

Christiansville, p-v., Carroll co., Tenn., 113 
w. Nashville, 798 W. 

Christy's Prairie, p-o., Clay co., la., 70 w. 
s. w. Indianapolis, 641 W. 

Chrystal Lake, p-o., Henry co., 111., 216 a. 
by w. Springfield, 768 W. 

Chuckatuck, p-v., Nansemond co., Va., 75 s. 
E. Richmond, 208 W. Situated on Chuckatuck 
cr., 8 miles from its entrance into James r. It 
contains a Methodist church, 3 stores, 1 cotton 
fac, 30 dwellings, atid about 150 inhabitants. The 
r. is navigable to this place. 

CiiucKY Bend, p-o., Jefferson co., Tenn., 234 
E. Nashville, 462 W. 

Chulaho.ma, p-o., Marshall co., Miss., 184 n. 
by E. Jackson, 9()7 W. 

Church Creek, p-o., Dorchester co., Md., 69 
s. E. Annapolis, 109 W. 

Church Grove, p-o., Knoxco., Tenn., 195 e. 
Nashville, 496 W. 

Church Hill, p-v.. Queen Anne co., Md., 4S 
E. Annapolis, 83 W. Situated on the s. E. branch 
of Chester r. 

Churchill, p-o., Trumbull co., O., 182 n. e. 
Columbus, 296 W. 

Church Hill, po., Halifax co., Va., 141 s. w 
Richmond, 228 W. 

Church Hill, p-v., Abbeville dist., S.C., 109 
w. Columbia, 546 W. 

Church Hill, p-o., Lowndes co., Ala., 102 s. 
s. E. Tuscaloosa, 863 W. 

Church Hill, p-o., Jefferson co., Miss., lO^i 
s. w. Jackson, 1,114 W. 

Churchillsville, j>-v.. Dearborn co., la., 77 
s. E. Indianapolis, 527 W. 

Churchtown, p-v., Lancaster co.. Pa., 52 e. 
by s. Harrisburg, 130 W. 

Churchville, p-v., Riga t., Monroe co., N. 
Y., 234 w. N. w. Albany, 381 W. Situated on 
the line of the Tonawanda railroad, and contains 

3 stores, 2 churches, a steam woollen fac, 45 
dwellings, and about 300 inhabitants. 

Churchville, p-v., Harford co., Md., 61 n. 
Annapolis, 71 W. 

Churchville, v., Clark Co., Mo. Situated 
on the w. bank of Mississippi r., at the entrance 
of the Des Moines r. 

Cicero, p-t., Onondaga co., N. Y. 140 w. n. 
w. Albany, 358 W. Oneida lake forms its n. e. 
boundary. Drained by the C'hittenango cr. The 
surface is level, and the soil good. The v. con- 
tains 2 churches — 1 Presbyterian and 1 Baptist — 

4 stores, 40 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. 
Pop. of the t. 2,464. 

Cicero, p-t., Hamilton co., la., 32 n. Indian- 
apohs, 570W. Pop. 389. 

Cincinnati, a city, port of entry, and capi- 
tal of Hamilton co., O., 116 s. w. Columbus, 492 
W. Cincinnati, the most populous city w. of the 
Alleghany mountains, and the sixth in the United 
States, is situated on the Ohio r., near the s. vv. 
corner of the state of Ohio, in Hamilton co., 504 
ms., by the course of the river, above its junction 
with the Mississippi. It is in 39° 6' 30" n. lat^ 



CIN 



128 



CIN 



and 84° 27' w. long, from Greenwich, and 7° 
24' 45" w. from W. It is 116 s. w. from Colum- 
bus ; 250 Cleveland; 120 Indianapolis ; 270 Nash- 
ville, Tenn. ; 8(50 New Orleans ; 350 St. Louis ; 
105 Louisville ; 518 Baltimore; 298 Pittsburgh; 
617 Philadelphia ; 492 Washington ; 900 from N. 
York, by Lake Erie, and 600 from Cliarleston, S. 
C. In 1795 it contained 500 inhabitants ; in 1800, 
753; in 1810, 2,510; in 1820, 9,642; in 1830, 
24,831; in 1840, 46,33S. Besides this, there is 
estimated to be a lloaling population of from 2,000 
to 3,000. Engaged in commerce, 2,226 ; in man- 
ufactures and trades, 10,866 ; learned professions, 
434. It is built on an elevated plain, on the N. 
bank of the Ohio, 540 feet above tide water at 
Albany, and 25 feet below the level of Lake 
Erie ; but low water mark is 432 above tide wa- 
ter, and 133 below the level of Lake Erie. The 
shore of the Ohio here forms a good landing for 
boats at all seasons of the year, the principal 
landing being paved to low water mark, in a 
substantia! manner, and supplied with floating 
wharves, rendered necessary by the great rise 
and fall of the river at different times. The de- 
scent from the upper part of Cincinnati to low 
water mark on the Ohio, is 108 feet. The city is 
near the eastern extremity of a pleasant valley, 
about 12 miles in circumference, skirted to the 
i\. by a circular ridge of hills, the summits of 
which are not more than 300 feet above the plain, 
but of picturesque appearance. The ground on 
which the city stands consists of two plains, the 
rear one elevated 50 or 60 feet above the front, 
though the ascent, by grading, has been exten- 
sively reduced to a gradual slope. The view of 
the city is beautiful from the hills in the rear ; 
but as approached by water, it is neither exten- 
sive nor commanding. 

Excepting on the margin of the river, it is reg- 
ularly laid out in streets and alleys, crossing each 
other at right angles. The streets mniiing e. and 
w. are denominated, proceeding from the river, 
P'irst, Second, &c., while those running n. and s. 
are named after the native trees, as Walnut, Syc- 
amore, &c. Main-street extends from the steam- 
boat landing on the river directly n. to the north- 
ern boundary of the city. 14 streets, 7 in each 
direction, are 65 feet wide, and 3J6 feet apart. 
The central portion of the city is compactly built, 
with handsome houses and stores ; but the ex- 
tensive plan, in its outer parts, is but partially 
built up, and the houses are irregularly scattered. 
Many of the streets are well paved, and exten- 
sively shaded by trees. The houses are gene- 
rally of stone or brick. The climate is changea- 
ble, and subject to considerable extremes of heat 
and cold, but is, on the whole, healthy. 

The court house, on Mam-street, is 56 by 60 
feet, and 120 feet high, to the top of the dome. 
'I'he edifice of the FrankUn and La Fayette banks 
oi Cincinnati has a splendid portico of 8 Doric 
columns, after the model of the Parthenon at 
Athens, but is in a confined situation. It is 79 
feet long, and 69 feet deep, exclusive of the por- 
tico. Several of the churches are fine sperimens 
of architecture, and a number of the hotels are 
spacious and elegant. There are 4 market houses 
a bazaar, a theatre, a college, an Athensum, a 
medical college, a me.;hanics' institute, 2 muse- 
ums, a lunatic assylum, a high school, and a 
number of large and commodious houses for pub- 
lic schools. Within the last year 800 buildino-s 
have been erected, among which are many large 
warehouses and stores, and several beautiful 
churches. 

Cincinnati College was founded in 1819 and 
had, in 1840. 8 instructors, and 84 students. It 



has academical, medical, and law departments. 
The Medical College of Ohio has trustees ap- 
pointed by the legislature every 3 years, and it 
has 8 professors, and 130 students. The College 
of Professional Teachers was formed in 1832, and 
has for its object the improvement of schools in 
the western country, and holds an annual meet- 
ing in October. The Mechanics' Institute is 
formed for the improvement of mechanics in sci- 
entific knowledge, by means of popular lectures 
and mutual instruction. It has a valuable philo- 
sophical apparatus, a respectable library, and a 
reading-room, much frequented by young men. 
The Cincinnati Lyceum furnishes an instructive 
and fashionable place of resort to the citizens, by 
its popular lectures and debates through the win- 
ter season. It has a good library and a reading- 
room. The Athenaeum is a respectable literary 
institution, under the direction of the Catholics, 
in which the mathematics, philosophy, and the 
classics, as well as the modern languages, are 
taught by competent professors. It has over 70 
students, and a large and splendid edifice. The 
Lane Seminary, at Walnut Hills, 2 miles from 
the city, has 3 professors, 61 students, and a li- 
brary of 10,300 volumes. It has a literary as 
well as theological department. Woodward 
High School, named after its founder, gives edu- 
cation, in part gratuitously, to a large number of 
students. It has 4 instructors, and a large and 
commodious building. There is a great number 
of respectable private schools, and 20 public 
schools for males and females, in which there 
are 2,000 pupils. There are 43 churches in Cin- 
cinnati, of which 3 are old school Presbyterian, 
4 new school Presbyterian, 2 Scots Presbyte- 
rian, 2 Episcopal, 3 Baptist, 7 Methodist, 2 Pro- 
testant Methodist, 2 Catholic, 2 Friends, and va- 
rious others. 

Cincinnati is an extensive manufacturing place. 
Its destitution of water power has been exten- 
sively compensated by the employment of steam 
mills. There were in 1840, 42 foreign commer- 
cial and 36 commission houses, with a capital of 
$5,200,000; 1,035 retail stores, with a capital of 
,$12,877,000; 19 lumber yards, capital $133,000; 
245 persons were engaged in internal transporta- 
tion, who, with 790 butchers, packers, &c., em- 
ployed a capital of $4,071,930 ; 14 furnaces, cap. 
$478,000 ; value of machinery manufactured, 
$545,000; hardware, cutlery, &c., $289,000 ; pre- 
cious metals, $48,000; various other metals, 
$713,000; 4 woollen fac, cap. $39,000; 1 cotton 
fac, cap. $6,000; tobacco manufactures, capital 
$61,000; 13 tanneries, cap. $156,000 ; manufac- 
tures of leather, as saddleries, &c., cap. $552,000 ; 
2 distilleries, and 6 breweries, with a capital of 
$152,000 ; paints, drugs, &c., cap. $26,000 ; 4 rope 
walks, cap. $34,000 ; carriages and wagons, cap. 
$6^,000; 10 flouring m., 8 saw m., 2 oil m., total 
cap. $367,000 ; vessels built, value, $403,000 ; fur- 
niture amounted to $459,000 ; 264 brick and stone, 
and 74 wooden houses built, cost $1,196,000 ; 32 
printing offices, 13 binderies, produced 3,800 daily 
newspapers, 33,100 weekly, 1,800 semi-weekly, 
and 17,200 periodicals, with a capital of $266,000. 
Total cap. in manufac. $7,469,912. 2 colleges, 
80 students, 2 acad. 120 students, 51 sch. 5,445 
scholars. There were 5 incorporated and 2 un- 
incorporated banks, with an aggregate capital of 
neariy $6,000,000. 

From many directions, good roads converge to 
this place, and bring the rich products of the sur- 
rounding country to this market. The Miami 
railroad extends from Cincinnati 851 miles to 
Springfield. The Miami canal extends from Cin- 
cinnati 178 miles to Defiance, where it joins the 



CLA 



129 



CLA 



Wabash and Erie canal. The internal trade of 
Cincinnati is thus very extensive. The tonnage 
of the port in 18-10, was l-2,05'2. There are 7 
daily papers, which are also issued weekly or 
tri-weekly ; 8 weekly papers, a large number of 
magazines, issued semi-monthly or monthly, and 
a number of religious magazines, published 
monthly. 

The municipal government of the city consists 
of a president, recorder, and 21 councillors — 3 for 
each of the 7 wards into which the city is divided. 

Cincinnati was founded in 1789, by emigrants 
from New England and New Jersey, on the site 
of Fort Washington. It has grown with great 
rapidity, and now ranks as the sixth place in 
population in the United States; and, it being 
the great emporium of the West, it must continue 
to increase with the growth of the rapidly rising 
country with which it is connected. 

CiNciNN.\Ti, v., Ralls CO., Mo., 101 n. n. e. 
Jefferson City, 933 W. Situated on the n. bank 
of Salt r. 

CiNCiNNATUS, p-t., Cortlandt co., N. Y., 128 
w. by .s. Albany, 327 W. The surface is hilly, 
and the soil productive. Watered by Ostelic cr. 
and its tributaries. The village is situated on 
the cr., and contains 2 churches — 1 Presbyterian 
and 1 Baptist — 6 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 
tannery, 60 dwellings, and about 400 inhabitants. 
Pop. of the t. 1,301. There are in the t. 5 stores, 
cap. $14,200; 1 furnace, 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 
2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $13,550. 8 sch. 545 
scholars. 

CiNN.\MiNsox, p-o., Burlington co., N. J. 

CiRCLEvii-LE, p-o., Loudon CO., Va., 145 n. 
Eichmond, 44 W. 

CiRCLEviLLE, p-t., Capital of Pickaway co., 
O., 26 s. Columbus, 396 W. The v. was laid out 
in 1810 oit the site of an ancient fortification. It 
lies on the E. bank of the Scioto r. The Ohio canal 
passes through the place, and here crosses the r. in 
a fine aqueduct. The streets are regular, and cross 
each other at right angles, and the v. is divided 
into 350 tovi-n lots, besides 5 circular and triangu- 
lar acres of groimd, appropriated to public uses. 
It has an elegant brick octagonal court house, a 
jail, a market house, 6 public offices in a brick 
row, 4 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 
Lutheran, and 1 Methodist; 13 stores, 5 canal 
warehouses, an academy, about 250 dwellings, 
and about 2,(X10 inhabitants. The country aroimd 
is very fertile, and a great water power is con- 
centrated at this place, by several creeks, and by 
the canal. There are in the town 15 stores, cap. 
$62,(X)0; 1 fulling m., 1 furnace, 3 tanneries, 1 
distillery, 1 brewerj^ 3 printing offices, 2 binde- 
ries, 2 weekly and 1 semi-weekly newspapers, 1 
flouring m., 5 .saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. 
$37,050. 1 acad. 15 students, 6 sch. 180 scholars. 
Pop. 2,972. 

CiRCLEviLLE, p-o., Tazewell co.. 111., 54 n. 
Sprhigfield, 787 W. 

City, p-o., Amenia t., Dutchess co., N. Y., 70 
s. by E. Albany, 323 W. 

City Point, p-v., and port of entry. Prince 
George co., Va., 33 s. e. Richmond, 162 W. Sit- 
uated on the s. side of James r., on a point formed 
by the junction of the Appomattox. James r. is 
navigable to this place for large ships, wliich come 
here to load. 

City West, p-v.. Porter co., la., 155 n. n. w. 
Indianapolis, 680 W. Situated on the shore of 
Lake iMichigan, and has a good harbor. 

Civil Order, p-o., Marshall co., Tenn., 35 s. 
Nashville, 698 W. 

Claiborne, county, Miss. Situated toward 
the s. w. part of the state, on the Mississippi r. 
17 



It contains 500 sq. ms. Big Black r. washes its 
N. w border. Drained by Bayou Pierre and its 
branches. The surface, back from tlie streams, 
is uneven, and the soil, except the alluvial on the 
margin of the streams, is light and sterile. A 
railroad leads from Port Gibson to Grand Gulf. 
Capital, Port Gibson. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 15,073, sheep 6,527, swme 22,475 ; rye 585 
bush, produced, Ind. com 353,875, oats 5, 125, po- 
tatoes 29,935, cotton 11,996,910 poimds ; 10 com- 
mission houses in foreign trade, cap. $6i,l(X) ; 43 
stores, cap. .$326,450 ; 1 tannery, 168 grist in., 10 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $92,600. 1 college, 
72 students, 3 acad. 71 students, 9 sch. 183 scho- 
lars. Pop. 1830, 9,787 ; 1840, whites 3,232, slaves 
9,753, free col'd 93 ; total, 13,078. 

Claiborne, parish. La., situated in the n. w. 
part of the state, and has Red r. on its w. border, 
and the state of Arkansas on the N. It has Lakes 
Bisteneau and Bodeau. Drained by branches of 
Red and Waehitta rs. Most of the parish con- 
sists of a light pine land, but the soil on the 
streams is better, and covered with hard wood. 
Capital, Overton. It has 4 acad. 112 students, 
11 schools, 217 scholars. Pop. whites 3,846, free 
col'd 44, slaves 2,295 ; total, 6,185. 

Claiborne, county, Tenn. Situated toward 
the N. E. part of the state, and contains 5S0 sq. 
ms. The surface is mountainous. Powell's r. 
runs through its centre, and Clinch river on its s. 
border, and Ixjth are head branches of Tennessee 
r. Capital, Tazewell. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 9,236, sheep 9,214, swine 30,909 ; wheat 
37,288 bushels produced, rye 2,232, Indian corn 
540,724, oats 126,248, potatoes 15,027, tobacco 
23,850 pounds, cotton 5,595, sugar 34,660 ; 8 stores, 
cap. $67,500; 2 furnaces, 7 forges, 8 tanneries, 
39 distilleries, 2 powder m., 10 flouring mills, 14 
grist m., 11 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. S;5,800. 12 
sch. 276 scholars. Pop. 1830, 8,470 ; 1840, whites 
8,765, slaves 624, free col'd 85 ; total, 9,474. 

Claiborne, p-v., Monroe co., Ala., 138 s. Tus- 
caloosa, 930 W. Situated on the e. side of Ala- 
bama r., at the head of schooner navigation. 

Claiborne, t.. Union county, O. It has 4 sch 
110 scholars. Pop. 497. 

Claiborneville, p-v., Yazoo co.. Miss., 57 n. 
Jackson, 1,046 W. 

Clapp's, p-o., Guilford co., N. C, 68 w. n. w. 
Raleigh, 311 W. 

Clappville, p-v., Leicester t., Worcester co., 
Mass., 50 w. by s. Boston, 390 W. Situated on 
the head waters of Quinebaug river. It has 2 
churches — 1 Episcopal and 1 Baptist — 3 woollen 
fac, 1 scythe fac, and several dwellings. 

Clara, t., Potter co., Pa. It has 1 saw mill. 
Cap. in manufac. $1,000. Pop. 61. 

C'laremont, p-t., Sullivan co., N. H., 49w. by 
N. Concord, 464 W. It lies on Connecticut river, 
which bounds it on the w. Watered by Sugar r. 
The surface is undulating; soil, fertile gravelly 
loam, with rich intervales on the rivers. Char- 
tered in 1764. Iron ore and limestone are found 
here. It is a prosperous agricultural town, with 
some manufactures. It has 4 churches — 1 Con- 
gregational, 1 Episcopal, i Baptist, and 1 Metho- 
dist. The principal v. is on Sugar r., 4 E. Con- 
necticut r., where are 2 of the churches, and sev- 
eral mills. ITiere are in the t. 8 stores, capital 
$82,000 ; 1 furnace, 4 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 
1 cotton fac. 350 sp., 2 tanneries, 2 paper fac, 2 
printing offices, 1 weekly newspaper, 4 grist m., 
8 saw m., 17 sch. 1,015 scholars. Pop. 3,217. 

Claremont, p-v., Pickens dist., S. C, 162 n. 
w. Columbia, 560 W. 

Clarence, p-t., Erie co., N. Y., 270 w. Alba- 
ny, 3'dO W. fhe surface is undulating; soil, 



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clay, sandy, and calcareous loam, well adapted 
to grain. Drained by Ransom's and Tonawanda 
creeks. Organized in 1808. At the v. is 1 Meth- 
odist church, and 40 dwellings. It has 7 stores, 
capital $22,800 ; 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 6 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $8,400. 1 acad. 30 students, 
13 sch. 698 scholars. Pop. 2,271. 
Clarence, p-o., Calhoun co., Mich. 
Clarendon, p-t., Rutland co., Vt., 70 s. 8. w. 
Montpelier, 449 W. Chartered in 1761. Water- 
ed by Otter cr. and its branches. The lands on 
the streams are very productive. There are 3 
churches — 1 Congregational and 2 Baptist. The 
streams afford water power. Marble is found 
here. It has 5 stores, cap. $16,200 ; 3 tanneries, 
3 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $12,170. 
13 sch. 517 scholars. Pop. 1,549. 

Clarendon, p-t., Orleans co., N. Y., 243 w. 
by n. Albany, 392 W. The surface is high, and 
somewhat broken ; soil, calcareous loam. Dram- 
ed by branches of Sandy and Oak Orchard crs. 
The V. contains 2 churches, 2 stores, 1 flouring m., 
40 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. There 
are in the t., 2 stores, cap. $9,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 
grist m., 2 saw m. Capital in manufac. $13,950. 
16 sch. 825 scholars. Fop. 2,251. 

Clarendon', p-t., Calhoun co., j>Iich., 101 w. 
Detroit, 562 W. It has 3 sch. 124 scholars. Pop. 
506. 

Clarendon, p-o., Monroe co., Ark., 60 e. Lit- 
tle Rock, 1,005 W. 

Clarendon Springs, p-o.. Clarendon t., Rut- 
land county, Vt., 70 s. s. w. Montpelier, 448 W. 
Here is a chalybeate spring, containing also car- 
bonate of lime, wliich is resorted to for its medi- 
cinal efficacy in several complaints. 

Claridon, t., Marion co., O. It has 4 stores, 
cap. $6,500 ; 6 sch. 240 scholars. Pop. 1,084. 

Claridon, p-t., Geauga co., O., 169 n. e. Co- 
lumbus, 30 E. Cleveland, 334 W. Watered by 
the head branches of Cuyahoga r. The surface 
is undulating, and the soil a loam, adapted both 
to grain and to grazing. Cattle, butter, and cheese 
are exported. It has 2 stores, cap. $3,500 ; 1 ful- 
ling m., 2 grist m., 3 saw m., 10 sch. 368 scholars. 
Pop. 897. 

ClariOxN, r., Pa., or Great Toby's cr., rises in 
McKean co., and after flowing 70"ms. s. w., falls 
into Alleghany r. It is navigable for boats 55 
ms., and for canoes about 10 ms. further. Vast 
quantities of lumber are sent dowTi this river to 
Pittsburg, and towns on the Ohio r. 

Clarion, county, Pa. Situated in tiie n. w. 
part of the state, and contains 530 sq. ms. It has 
the Alleghany r. on the s. vv.. Red Banker, on 
the s., and drained centrally by Clarion, or To- 
by's r. and branches. The southern portion is 
moderately undulating and fertile, the northern 
part, uneven and rough, abounding in iron ore 
and pine timber. There are 11 furnaces in the 
county. It w;is organized in 1839, from parts of 
Armstrong and Venango. Capital, Clarion. 

Clarion, p-t., and capital of Clarion co.. Pa., 
184 w. N. w. Harrisburg, 273 W. The surface 
is moderately hilly; soil, loam. Watered by 
Pmey, I,K-king, and Mill creeks, and Laurel run 
which flow into Clarion r. The v. is situated on 
tlie Susquehanna and Waterford turnpike, 1 m 
K. of the (lanon r. It was commenced in the 
pine woods, in 1840, and now has a court house 
jail, an academy, Srelisjious societies about erect- 
ing churches, viz : 1 Presbyterian, 1 Methodist, 
and I ( alholic: 5 stores, 110 dwellinas and 55() 

'it^' nn'r?"*',- rTr ^''^ ''"''' \" ^^^ ^^ ^ ^t^^^s, capital 
$^5,000 ; 1 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 3 grist m 5 
saw in. Cap. in manufac. $r3,0;!0. 14 «{h 4-20 
scholars. Pop. 2,239. "* ^ni. ixiu 



Clarke, county, Va. Situated in the n. e. 
part of the state, and contains 225 sq. ms. The 
Shenandoah r. passes centrally through it. Sur- 
face, diversified. It has the Blue Ridge on the e. 
Soil, first rate. Capital, Berry ville. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 5,651, sheep 7,616, swine 
14,915; wheat 253, 104 bush. produced, rye 17,096, 
Ind. com 266,904, buckwheat 909, oats 90,776, 
potatoes 19,680, hops 388 poimds ; 4 tanneries, 5 
distilleries, 5 flouring m., 11 grist ra., 5 sawmills. 
Cap. in manufac. $60,140. 8 acad. 167 students, 
5 sch. 114 scholars. Pop. whites 2,867, slaves 
3,325, free col'd 161 ; total, 6,353. 

Clarke, county, Ga. Situated centrally in 
the N. part of the state, and contains 414 sq. ms. 
Watered by branches of Oconee river. Capital, 
Watkinsville. There were in ] 840, neat cattle 
10,008, sheep 3,771, swine 21,754 ; wheat 41,631 
bush, produced, Indian corn 288,776, oats 58,915, 
potatoes 10,587, cotton 795,615 pounds ; 23 stores, 
cap. $81,780 ; 3 cotton fac. 5,630 sp., 2 dyeing 
and printing estab., 3 tanneries, 7 distilleries, 5 
flouring m., 13 grist m., 15 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $285,841. 1 college, 12 students, 7 acad. 
265 students, 5 schools, 170 scholars. Pop. 1830, 
10,176 ; 1810, whites 5,603, slaves 4,877, free col'd 
42 ; total, 10,522. 

Clarke, county, Ala. Situated between the 
Tombigbee and Alabama rivers, in the s. w.part 
of the state, and contains 1,200 sq. ms. The sur- 
iace is uneven, and the soil indifferent, except- 
ing on the streams, where it is liable to be over- 
flowed. Capital, Macon. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 18,035, sheep 2,624, swine 28,652 ; 
wheat 573 bush, produced, Ind. corn 272,405, oats 
13,903, potatoes 32,985, cotton 3,023,852 pounds, 
23 stores, cap. ,$47,500 ; 3 tanneries, 41 grist m., 
17 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,620. 5 acad. 
136 students, 12 sch. 216 scholars. Pop. 1830, 
7,595 ; 1840, whites 4,228, slaves 4,395, free col'd 
17 ; total, 8,640. 

Clarke, county, Miss. Situated toward the 
E. border of the state, and contains 650 sq. ms. 
Watered by Chickasawha r. and branches. Sur- 
face, generally level. Capital, Quitman. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 12,080, sheep 1,199, 
swine lO.ldO; wheat 1,008 bush, produced, Ind. 
corn 130,300, oats 668, potatoes 33,142, rice 7,510 
pounds, tobacco 1,420, cotton 1,296,200; 6 stores, 
cap. $9,250 ; 10 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $9,450. 6 sch. 107 scholars. Pop. wliites 
2,076, slaves 909, free col'd 1 ; total, 2,986. 

Clarke, county, Ky. Situated centrally in 
the E. part of tlie state, having Kentucky r. on its 
s. border. It contains about 300 sq.ms. Capital, 
Winchester. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
15,343, sheep 20,953, swine 35,713 ; wheat 76,751 
bush, produced, rye 145,511, Ind. corn 1,004,455, 
oats 94,770, potatoes 21,130, hemp and flax 322 
tons, tobacco 82,410 pounds, sugar 71,155 ; 23 
stores, cap. $134,800 ; 1 woollen fac, 5 tanneries, 
14 distilleries, 3 rope factories, 10 flouring m., 28 
grist m., 21 .saw m., 1 oil m., 1 printing office. 
Cap. in manufac. $97,395. 2 acad. 115 students, 
23 sch. 738 scholars. Pop. whites 6,755, slaves 
3,902, free col'd 145 ; total, 10,802. 

Clvrke, county, O. Situated toward the s. 
w. part of the stale, and contains 412 sq. ms. It 
has a very fertile soil, which is well watered by 
springs, and is well cultivated. Watered by 
Mad r., Beaver and Buck crs. The national road 
runs through the co., as will also the Mad r. and 
Lake Erie railroad. Capital, Springfield. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 18,788, sheep 37,821, 
swine 24,235 ; wheat 172,329 bush, produced, rye 
26,999, Ind. corn 592,997, buckwheat 2,055, bar- 
ley 1,631, oats 229,154, hops 1,148 poimds, sugar 



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22,037 ; 53 stores, cap. $106,'250 ; 7 fulling m., 6 
woollen fac, 10 tanneries, 27 distilleries, 1 brew- 
ery, 4 potteries, 23 flouring m., 18 grist m., 48 saw 
m., 9 oil ra., 1 paper factory, 1 printing office, 1 
weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $236,190. 
1 acad. 60 students, 94 sch. 3,369 scholars. Pop. 
1830, 13,074 ; 1840, 16,882. 

Clarke-, county, la. Situated in the s. e. part 
of the state, on the Ohio r., and contains 400 sq. 
ms. Organized in 1802. The surface is rolling. 
Watered by small tributaries of the Ohio. Cap- 
ital, Charleston. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
4,682, sheep 16,759, swine 26,619 ; wheat 100,105 
bush, produced, Ind. corn 336,570, barley 1,100, 
oats 153,586, potatoes 33,601, sugar 16,435 pounds ; 
50 stores, cap. $173,250. Cap. in manufactures, 
$148,818. 6 acad. 171 students, 53 sch. 1,406 scho- 
lars. Pop. 1830, 10,686 ; 1810, 14,595. 

Clarke, county. 111. Situated in the e: part 
of the state, and contains 1,080 sq. ms. Drained 
by Crane and Fox crs. and the n. Fork of Embar- 
rass r. Capital, Marshall. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 7,154, sheep 6,281, swine 16,194 ; 
wheat 23,913 bush produced, rye 1,313, Ind. corn 
349,878, buckwheat 1,108, oats 55,211, potatoes 
15,781, sugar 5,840; 12 stores, cap. $39,175; 4 
tanneries, 3 distilleries, 18 grist m., 20 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $7,268. 6 schools, 18 scholars. 
Pop. 7,453. 

('larke, county. Mo. Situated in the n. e. 
part of the state, and contains 560 sq. ms. It has 
the Mississippi r. on the e. and the Des Moines 
on the N. E. Drained by Fox and Wyaconda rs. 
Capital, Waterloo. There were in 1859, neat 
cattle 2,969, sheep 2,239, swine 14,266 ; wheat 
14,553 bush, produced, Indian corn 163,124, oats 
25,924, potatoes 12,580, tobacco 15,347 pounds ; 1 
commission house, cap. $2,000 ; 14 stores, cap. 
$16,320 ; 1 tannery, 1 flouring m., 6 grist m., 6 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. 34,401. 1 acad. 25 
students, 7 sch. 133 scholars. Pop. whites 2,423, 
slaves 420, free col'd 3 ; total, 2,846. 

Clarke, county. Ark. Situated toward thes. 
part of the state. Watered by Wachitta river, 
which passes through its centre, and Little Mis- 
souri r. on its s. border. The surface is hilly or 
mountainous. Excepting on the streams, the soil 
is sterile. Capital, Greenville. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 4,544, sheep 642, swine 11,444 ; 
wheat 1,050 bush, produced, Ind. corn 96,680, 
oats 2,558, potatoes 7,680, cotton 2'.)6,(K)9 pounds. 
Pop. 1830, 1,369; 1840, whites 1,622, slaves 687; 
total, 2,309. 

Clark, p-o., Mercer co., Pa., 245 w. n. w. 
Harrisburg, 288 W. 

Clark, t., Lincoln co.. Mo. Pop. 1,218. 

Clark, t.. Cole co., Mo. It has 4 sch. 85 scho- 
lars. Pop. 853. 

Clark, t., Gasconade co., Mo. Population, 
621. 

Clark, t., .Johnson co.. Ark. Pop. 401. 

Clark, t.. Pope co., Ark. It has 1 school, 27 
scholars. Pop. 296. 

Clark, t.. Brown co., O. It has 2 schools, 90 
scholars. Pop. 1,290. 

Clark, t., Clinton co., O. It has 4 stores, cap. 
$7,000 ; 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $2,525. 5 sch. 307 scholars. Pop. 
1,297. 

Clark, t., Coshocton co., O. Pop. 703. 

Clark, t., Montgomery co., la. It has 1 sch. 
24 scholars. Pop. 603. 

Clarks Fork, t.. Cooper co.. Mo. It has 3 
sch. 121 scholars. Pop. 1,147. 

Clarks, p-o., Hopkins co., Ky., 210 w. s. w. 
Frankfort, 746 W. 

Clarks, p-t, Co.shocton co., O., 85 n. E. Co- 



lumbus, 351 W. It has 1 grist m., 4 saw m., I 
sch. 28 scholars. Pop. 703. 

Clarksborough, p-v., Greenwich t., Glouces- 
ter CO., N. J., 41 s. w. Trenton, 152 W. It has a 
store, and about 30 dwellings, with a Friends' 
meeting house 2 ms. s. w. 

Clarksburg, p-v.. Upper Freehold t., Mon- 
mouth CO., N. J., 21 E. Trenton, 187 W. It is a 
small settlement of 6 or 8 houses. 

Clarksburg, p-v., Montgomery co., Md., 68 
w. N. w. Annapolis, 28 W. 

CLARivsnuRG, p-v., capital of Harrison co., Va., 
253 N. w. Richmond, 221 W. Situated on Mo- 
nongahela r. It has a court house, jail, a Metho- 
dist church, 120 dwellings, and about 800 in- 
habitants. It has a printing office, which issues 
a weekly newspaper. 

Clarksburg, p-v., capital of Lewis co., Ky., 
107 E. N. E. Frankfort, 469 W. Situated on Salt 
Lick cr., 4 ms. s. of the Ohio r. It contains a 
court house, and several dwellings. 

Clarksburg, p-v., Deerfield t., Ross co., O., 
41 s. Columbus, 411 W. 

Clarksburg, p-v., Decatur co., la., 55 s. e- 
Indianapolis, 539 W. 

Clarksburg, t., Berkshire co., Mass., 125 w. 
by N. Boston^ 27 n. by e. Lenox. Incorporated 
in 1798. Watered by a branch of Hoosic r., 
which affords water power. The surface is une- 
ven. It has 1 fulling m., 1 grist m., 5 saw m., 5 
sch. 85 scholars. Pop. 370. 

Clark's Ferry, p-o.. Perry co., Pa., 16 n. w. 
Harrisburg, 126 W. 

Clarksfield, p-t., Hurdn co., O., 102 n. by 
E. Columbus, 380 W. Situated on Vermillion r., 
16 above its mouth. It contains 2 churches, 1 
Presbyterian and 1 Methodist. First settled in 
1817. It has 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $10,200. 10 sch. 318 scholars. Pop. 1,473. 

Clark's Fork, p-o.. Cooper co.. Mo. 

Clark's Mills, p-o., Lawrence co., O., 119 s. 
by E. Columbus, 404 W. 

Clark's Mills, p-o., Moore co., N. C, 110 s. 
w. Raleigh, 394 W. 

Clark's Mills, p-o., Hempstead co.. Ark. 

Clarkson, p-t., Monroe co., N. Y., 236 w. by n 
Albany, 16 n. w. Rochester, 385 W. The sur- 
face is level, and the soil sandy and gravelly 
loam. Drained by Little Salmon and Sandy 
creeks, that flow into Lake Ontario, which 
bounds it on the n. The v. is on the Ridge- 
road, and contains 1 Presbyterian church, an 
academy, 3 stores, 1 flouring m., 2 saw m., 2 
carding and cloth dressing works, 1 carriage fac, 
100 dwellings, and about 700 inhabitants. Tliere 
are in the t., 2 stores, cap. $2,600 ; 3 fulling m., 1 
woollen fac, 3 tanneries, 3 grist m., 1 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac $3'J),100. 1 acad. 144 students, 
21 sch. 1,248 scholars. Pop. 3,486. 

Clarkson, p-v., Middleton t., Columbiana co., 
O., 159 N. E. Columbus, 271 W. It has 1 sch. 
28 scholars. Pop. 63. 

Clarkson, p-o., Oakland co., Mich., 35 n. w. 
Detroit, 559 W. 

Clark's River, a branch of the Columbia r., 
w. of the Rocky mountains. (See Oregon Ter.) 

Clark's Store, p-o., Martin co., N. C, 119 e. 
Raleigh, 243 W. 

Clark's Store, p-o., 'WTiitewater t., Hamil- 
ton CO., O., 122 s. w. Columbus, 506 W. 

Clarkstown, p-t., capital of Rockland co., N. 
Y., 122 s. Albany, 267 W. The surface is hilly, 
and the soil in the valleys productive. It is 
bounded e. by Hudson r. Rockland lake, in the 
N. part of the t., celebrated for furnishing ice for 
the New York market, has its outlet into Hack- 
ensack r. The county building, consisting of a 



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court house and jail, is in a v. called New City, 
whore is 1 store, 1 grist ni., 1 saw m., and 12 
dwellings. 'J'liere are in the t., 6 stores, cap. 
$20,00() ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fee, 1 tannery, 

5 grist ni., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufoc. $20,200. 

6 sch. 260 scholars. Pop. 2,533. 
Clarksvih.e, p-0., New Scotland t., Albany 

CO., N. Y., 14 s. w. Albany, 376 W. It has 1 
store, and about 15 dwellings. 

Cl.\rksville, t., Coos CO., N. H. It is situa- 
ted on the E. side of Connecticut r., near its 
source, and was granted to Dartmouth college 
in 1789. Incorporated in 1S32. It has 1 saw m., 
1 sch. 20 scholars. Pop. 88. 

Clarksville, p-v., Li'banon t., Hunterdon co., 
N. J., 45 N. by w. Trenton, 202 W. Situated on 
Spruce run, at the foot of Mnsconetcong mt. It 
has 1 store, 2 saw m., 2 grist m., and about 8 
dwellings. Iron and plumbago are found in the 
mt., near the v. 

Clarksville, t., Alleghany co., N. Y. It has 4 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,200. 3 sch. 93 
scholars. Pop. 326. 

Clarksville, p-o., Anne Arundel co., Md., 50 
w. by N. Annapolis, 35 W. 

Clarksville, p-v., Greene co.. Pa., 203 w. s. 

w. Harrisburg, 219 W. It is situated at the 

junction of the x. and s. Forks of Ten Mile creek. 

Clarksville, p-o.. Mecklenburg co., Va., 121 

s. w. Richmond, 226 W. 

Clarksville, pv., capital of Habersham co., 
Ga., 138 N. Milledgeville, 549 W. It contains a 
court house, jail, 2 churches, an academy, 50 
dwellings, and about 300 inhabitants. 

Clarksville, p-v., capital of Clarke co., Ala., 
134 s. Tuscaloosa, 935 W. It has a court house, 
and several dwellings. 

Clarksville, p-v., capital of Montgomery 
CO., Tenn., 45 n. w. Nashville, 730 W. Situated 
at the junction of Red r. with Cumberland r. 

Clarksville, p-v., Vernon t., CUinton co., O., 
82 s. w. Columbus, 455 W. It contains 2 
churches, and is a considerable village. 

Clarksville, p-v.. Pike co.. Mo., 99 n. e. 

Jefferson city, 871 W. Situated on w. side of 

Mississippi r. It has several stores and dwellings. 

Clarksville, p-v., Johnson co.. Ark. 

Claussville, p-v., Leliigh co., Pa., 83 e. n. e. 

Harrisburg, 175 W. 

Claverack, t., Columbia co., N. Y., 4 e. 
Hudson, 34 s. Albany. The surface is hilly; 
soil, gravelly loam and clay, and generally fer- 
tile. Watered by Claverack cr. The v. con- 
tains 1 church, 2 stores, an academy, 50 dwell- 
ings, and 301) inhabitants. There are in the t., 
4 stores, cap. $24,000 ; 1 woollen fac, 1 cotton 
fac, 2 flouring m., 4 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $33,7o0. 1 acad. 100 students, 12 sch. 
880 scholars. Pop. 3,056. 

Clay, county, Ky. Situated in the s. w. part 
of the state, and contains 880 sq. ms. Drained 
by the s. w. Fork of Kentucky r. The soil is 
generally light. Salt springs and mineral coal 
are found in the co. Capital, Manchester. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 6,321, sheep 3 411 
swine 13,043; wheat 2,476 bush, produced ' rve 
668 Ind corn 153,140, oats 25,797, potatoes 
0,ybl, tobacco 3,o43 pounds, sugar 13,231 salt 
106,000 bush., bituminous coal 88,950 ; ' 6 stores 
cap. $11,500 ; 4 tanneries, 7 distilleries, 29 grist ra ' 
6 saw m. (Jap. in manufac. $3,040. 2 sch 19 
scholars Pop. 1830,3,518; 1810, whites 3,954, 
slaves 503, free col'd 150 ; total, 4,607. 

Clay, county, la. Situated in the w. part of 
the sia'.e, contains 360 sq. ms. Organized in 
1825. It contains good land for cultivation and 
large portions covered with heavy timber' In 



the s. w. part are some beautiful prairies. Wa- 
tered by Eel r. and its branches. Capital, Bow- 
ling Green. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
5,472, sheep 3,558, swine 12,019 ; wheat 10,874 
bush, produced, Ind. corn 202,250, oats 25,597, 
potatoes 11,177, tobacco 8,100 pounds, sugar 
21,375 ; 14 stores, cap. $37,600 ; 4 tanneries, 3 
distilleries, 11 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac, $23,825. 1 acad. 45 students, 10 sch. 356 
scholars. Pop. 1830, 1,616; 1840, 5,567. 

Clay, county, Dl. Situated in the s. e. part 
of the state. It contains 475 sq. ms. Surface 
level, soil fertile. Drained by Little W^ibash r. 
Capital, Lewisville. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 9,033, sheep 2,483, swine 12,033 ; wheat 
4,050 bush, produced, rye 430, Ind. com 144,189, 
oats 18,850, potatoes 8,770, tobacco 2,430 pounds, 
cotton 1,396, sugar 2,772 ; 5 stores, cap. $2,750 ; 
2 tanneries, 6 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $12,830. 6 sch. 134 scholars. Pop. 3,228. 

Clay, county. Mo. Situated in the n. w. part 
of the state, on the n. side of the Missouri r. 
It contains 432 sq. ms. The surface is undula- 
ting, and the soil excellent. Drained by Fishing 
and a branch of Little Platte rivers. Capital, 
Liberty. There were in 1840, neat cattle 12,271, 
sheep 18,803, swine 38,632 ; wheat 8,889 bush, 
produced, rye 4,382, Ind. corn 570,970, oats 
96,333, potatoes 26,253, tobacco 32,593 pounds ; 
1 com. house, cap. $4,000; 24 stores, cap. 
$153,420 ; 4 tanneries, 21 distilleries, 41 grist ni., 
25 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly 
newspapers, 1 acad. 58 students, 11 sch. 333 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1830, 5,338 ; 1840, whites 6,373, slaves 
1,875, free col'd 34 ; total, 8,282. 

Clay, p-t., Onondaga co., N. Y., 142 w. n. w. 
Albany, 10 n. Syracuse, 359 W. The surface 
is undulating, and the soil productive, resting on 
saliferous sandstone. Oneida and Seneca rivers 
here unite to form Oswego r. It has 23 sch. 
1,146 scholars. Pop. 2,852. 

Clay, p-t., St. Clair co., Mich., 62 n. n. e. De- 
troit, 586 W. It has 3 stores, cap. $8,000 ; 1 lum- 
ber yard, cap. $5,000 ; 1 saw ra. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $10,500. Pop. 387. 

Clay, t., La'ayette co.. Mo. Pop. 1,305. 

Clay, t., Ralls co., Mo. It has 1 sch. 30 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,049. 

Clay, t., Tuscarawas co., O. It lies 10 or 15 
ms. below New Philadelphia, on both sides of 
the Ohio canal and Muskingum r. It has 4 
stores, cap. $1,050 ; 1 tannery, 2 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $300. 5 sch. 341 scholars. Pop. 
864. 

Clay, t., Scioto, co., O. The bottom land on 
the Scioto r., which washes its w. border, is ex- 
tensive, and very fertile. The upland is hilly, 
but well fitted for the production of grain. It 
has 3 sch. 96 scholars. Pop. 696. 

Clay, t., Ottawa co., O., 16 w. Lower San- 
dusky, on Portage r. Organized in 1832. Pop. 
176. 

Clay, t., 3Iontgomery co., O. It has 6 sch. 
173 scholars. Pop. 1,633. 

Clay, t.. Highland co., O. Pop. 783. 

Clay, t., Hamilton co., la. Pop. 730. 

Clay, t., Allen co., O. Pop. 435. 

Clay, t., Gallia co., O. It has 1 store, cap. 
$400 ; 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Pop. 745. 

Clay, t., Knox co., O. It has 1 acad. 32 stu- 
dents. Pop. 1,302. 

Clay, t.. La Grange co., la. It has 1 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $800. Pop. 99. 

Clay, t., Owen co., la. It has 2 sch. 40 schol- 
ars. Pop. 804. 

('lay, t., Wayne co., la. It has 5 sch. 132 
scholars. Pop. 923. 



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Claypool, p-0., Kosciusko co., la. 

Claysville, p-v., Washington co., Pa., 219 
w. Harrinburg, 2i6 W. It contains a Presbyte- 
rian church, and about 80 buildings. It has 5 
stores, cap. $12,300 ; 2 tanneries. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $5,5.50. Pop. 292. 

Claysville, p-v., Westland t., Guernsey co., 
O., 87 E. Columbus, 320 W. It lies 6 s. of the 
national road. It contains I church, 2 or 3 
stores, and 25 or 30 dwellings. 

Claysville, p-o., Hampshire co., Va., 209 n. 
w. Richmond, 137 W. 

Claysville, p-v., Marshall co., Ala., 133 n. 
E. Tuscaloosa, 700 W. Situated on the n. side 
of Tennessee r. 

Claysville, p-v., Harrison co., Ky., 49 e. n. 
E. Frankfort, 493 W. 

Claysville, p-v., Washington co., la., 96 s. 
Indianapolis, 615 W. 

Clayton, county, Iowa. Situated in the n. 
part of the Ter., and contains about 720 sq. ms. 
Drained by Turkey r. Navigable by steamboats 
to the junction of Volga r. These livers afford 
good water power. Buck cr., Inymagill or., 
Bloody run and Yellow r. flow into the Mississip- 
pi r., in its n. part. Some lead mines have been 
found. The land on Turkey r. is excellent. 
Capital, J^rairie la Porte. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 1,011, sheep 66, .swine 941 ; wheat 
1,5S6 bush, produced, Ind. corn 23,270, oats 2,960, 
potatoes 14,000, sugar 13,529 pounds ; 9 com. 
houses, cap. $78,300; 4 stores, cap. $1,500; 1 
grist m. C'ap. in manufac. $8,000. 2 sch. 25 
scholars. Pop. 1,101. 

Clayton, p-t., Jefferson co., N. Y., 12 n. by 
w. Watertown, 186 n. w. Albany, 431 W. The 
surface is undulating ; soil, fertile, sandy and 
clay loam. The St. LawTence r. bounds it on 
the N. w. Drained by Chaumont r. and French 
cr. It has 13 stores, cap. $49,400 ; 1 furnace, 2 
tanneries, 2 grist m., 11 saw m., 3 oil m. Cap. in 
manufac. $16,593 ; 7 sch. 214 scholars. Pop. 
2,990. 

Clayton, p-o., Montgomery co., O. 

Clayton, p-v., capital of Rabun co., Ga., 181 
N. Milledgeville, 585 W. Situated at the s. base 
of the Blue Ridge. It contains a court house, jail, 
an academy, 25 stores, and several dwellings. 

Clayton, p-v., capital of Barbour co., Ala., 
179 s. E. Tuscaloosa, 827 W. It contains a coiut 
house and a few dwellings. 

Clayton, p-v., Adams co., 111., 89 w. Spring- 
field, 866 W. 

Clayton, t.. Perry co., O. It has 5 stores, 
cap. $6,500 ; 1 tannery, 2 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $4,425. 7 sch. 23S scholars. Pop- 1,602. 

Claytonville, p-v., capital of Henderson co., 
N. C, 284 w. by s. Raleigh, 514 W. Situated 
on the N. side of French Broad r. It has a court 
house, jail, an academy, several stores and 
dwellings. 

Clay Village, p-v., Shelby co., Ky., 17 w. 
Frankfort, 559 W. 

Clear Branch, p-o., Washington co., Va., 314 
w. by s. Richmond, 382 W. 

Clear Creek, p-v., Ellington t., Chautauque 
CO., N. Y., 319 w. by s. Albany, 335 W. It con- 
tains 2 churches, 3 stores, 2 saw m., 40 dwell- 
ings, and about 250 inhabitants. 

Clear Creek, p-o., Mecklenburg co., N. C, 
160 w. s. w. Raleigh, 397 W. 

Clear Creek, p-o., Morgan co., Tenn. 

Clear Creek, p-o., Lafayette co.. Miss., 170 
N. N. e. Jackson, 921 W. 

Clear Creek Landing, p-v., Alexander co., 
111., 215 s. Springfield, 849 W. 

Clear Creek, t., Fairfield co., O. It has 1 



grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,300. 
Pop. 1,693. 

Clear Creek, t., Warren co., O., a rich ag- 
ricultural township. It has 6 sch. 218 scholars. 
Pop. 2,8S2. 

Clear Creek, t, Richland co., O It has 309 
scholars in schools. Pop. 1,653. 

Clearfield, county. Pa. Situated centrally 
toward the w.part of the state. It contains 1,425 
.sq. ms. Watered by the head branches of the 
w. fork of Susquehanna r. The siu-face is rough, 
and the soil sterile, with some exceptions. Capi- 
tal, Clearfield. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
5,624, sheep 6,499, swine 6,963; wheat 46,714 
bushels produced, rye 26,940, Ind. corn 27,7:^7, 
oats 81,037, potatoes 44,756, sugar 1,518 pounds; 
13 stores, cap. $39,000; 1 furnace, 2 fulling m., 
4 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 16 grist m., 49 saw^ m., 
1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in 
manufactures $6,000. Pop. 1830, 4,803; 1840, 
7,834. 

Clearfield, t., Butler co.. Pa. It has 2 dis- 
tilleries, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$3,725. 9 sch. 252 scholars. Pop. 1,113. 

Clearfield, p-v., capital of Clearfield co., Pa., 

126 N. w. Harrisburg, 218 W. It is situated on 
the s. bank of the w. branch of Susquehanna r., 
near the junction of Clearfield cr. It has a court 
house and several dwellings. 

Clearfield, t., Cambria co.. Pa. The surface 
is rolling ; soil, clay and gravel. It has 2 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $800. 3 sch. 90 scholars. 
Pop. 300. 

Clearfield Creek, p-o., Clearfield co.. Pa., 

127 N. w. Harrisburg, 217 W. 
Clearfield, cr.. Pa., a considerable branch of 

the w. fork of Susquehanna r. 

Clear Fork Mills, p-o., Johnson co.. Mo. 

Clear Fork, p-o., Whitley co., Ky., 137 s. s. 
e. Frankfort, 538 W. 

Clear Mont, p-o., Cannon co., Tenn. 

Clear Spring, p-v., Washington co., Md., 112 
N. w. Annapolis, 80 W. 

Clear Spring, t., Lagrange co., Ind. It has 
1 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $550. 3 sch. 56 
scholars. Pop. 226. 

Clear Spring, p-o., Kosciusko co., Ind. 

Clemmonsville, p-v., Davidson co., N. C, 
130 w. Raleigh, 331 W. 

Clendenin, p-o., Kanawha CO., Va., 333 w. by 
N. Richmond, 338 W. 

Clermont, p-t., Columbia co., N. Y., 13 s 
Hudson, 41 s. Albany, 329 W. It lies on the e. 
side of Hudson r. The surface is undulating, 
and the soil a fertile clay and a gravelly loam. 
Watered by Ancram or Roeliff Jansen's cr. The 
v., on the road between New York and Albany, 
contains 1 church. 1 store, an academy, 25 dwell- 
ings, and about 150 inhabitants. Pop. of the t. 
1,231. There are in the t., 1 store, cap. $6,000; 
1 flouring m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,500. 

1 acad. liJ students, 5 sch. 236 .<;cholars. 
Clermont, county, O. Situated in the s. w. 

part of the state, on the Ohio r., and contains 
about 450 sq. ms. A large part of the land is 
rich, but some is too wet for cultivation. On the 
r. it is hilly and broken. Watered by E. Fork, 
a branch of Little Miami r. Capital, Batavia. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 13,190, sheep 
27,127, swine 35,556 ; wheat 291,268 bushels pro- 
duced, rye 5,448, Ind. corn 670,075, buckwiieat 
975, barley 623, oats 224,880, potatoes 32,139, to- 
bacco 68,050 pounds, sugar 3,305 ; 63 stores, cap. 
$103,300; 3 lumber yai-ds, cap. $1,428 ; 1 wool- 
len fac, 12 tanneries, 5 distilleries, 7 flouring m., 
17 grist m.,29 saw m., 1 oil m.,2 printing offices, 

2 weekly newspapers. Capital in manufactures, 



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$166 215. 2 acad. 78 students, 66 sch. 3,289 
scholars. Pop. 1830, 20,466 ; 1840,23,106. 

Cleveland, p-v., Constantia t., Oswego co., 
N. Y. Situated on the n. side of Oneida lake. 
It contains 1 cliurch, 3 stores, 1 <rrist m., 2 savy 
tn., 1 tannery, 1 glass fac, 1 clothier's works, 45 
dwellings, and about 300 inhabitants. 

Cleveland, p-v., capital of Bradley co., Tenn., 
156 s. E. by E. Nashville, 581 W. It contains a 
courthouse and a few dwellings. 

Cleveland, city, port of entry, and the cap- 
ital of Cuyahoga co., O., 146 n. n. e. Columbus, 
359 W. Cleveland is the emporium of northern 
Ohio, and, next to Cincinnati, the most important 
town in the state, possesses a commanding situa- 
tion on Lake Erie, at the mouth of the Cuyahoga 
r., and the northern termination of the Ohio canal. 
by which it is connected with Oliio r. and is in 41° 
31' N. lat., and 81° 46' w. Ion. from Greenwich, or 
4° 44' vv. from W. It is 130 miles n. w. Pitts- 
burgh, 146 N. e. Columbus, 200 by water Buffalo, 
130 Detroit, 359 W. The population in 1799 con- 
sisted of one family; in 1825, about 500 inliabit- 
ants; in 1830, 1,000 ^ in 1834, 4,300; m 1840, 
6,071. 

Excepting a small portion of it immediately on 
the Cuyahoga r., the city is situated on a gravelly 
plain, elevated about 80 feet above the level of 
the lake, of which it has a very commanding 
prospect. The common streets have the extra- 
ordinary width of 80 feet ; and Main-street, which 
passes tlirough the middle of the place, is 120 
feet wide. The streets cross each other at right 
angles, and there are many expensive and taste- 
ful buildings. The location is dry and healthy, 
and the view of the meanderings of the Cuya- 
hoga r., and of the steamboats and shipping in the 
port, and leaving or entering it, and of the nu- 
merous vessels on the lake under sail, presents a 
prospect exceedingly interesting, from the high 
shore of the lake. 

Near the centre of the place is a public square 
of 10 acres, divided into four equal parts by inter- 
secting streets, neatly enclosed, and shaded with 
trees. The court house and the first Presbyte- 
rian church front on this square. 

The harbor of Cleveland is one of the best on 
Lake Erie. It is formed by tlie mouth of the 
Cuyahoga r., and improved by a pier on each 
side, extending 425 yards into the lake, 200 feet 
apart, and faced with substantial stone masonry. 
Cleveland is the great mart of the greatest arain- 
growing state in the Union, and it is the'Ohio 
and Erie canals that have made it such, though 
it exports much by the way of the Welland canal 
to Canada. It has a ready connection with Pitts- 
burgh, through the Pennsylvania and Ohio canal, 
which extends from the Ohio canal at Akron to 
Beaver cr., which enters the Ohio below Pitts- 
burgh. The natural advantages of this place are 
unsurpassed in the west, to which it has a large 
access by the lakes and the Ohio canal. But the 
Erie canal constitutes the principal source of its 
vast advantages ; without that great work, it 
would have remained in its fomier insignificaiice. 

Tlie total number of pounds on whicii toll 
is charged which arrived at Cleveland, in 1840, 
was 280,233,IS20, in which was included 2,151 450 
bushels of w heat, 504,900 barrels of flour 23000 
do. of pork, 782,033 pounds of butter, 513 452 of 
lard, 683,499 of bacon, 1,154,641 of pig iron 
2,252,491 of iron and nails, 643,954 pieces of 
staves and heading. 

The whole number of pounds weight of all 
property on which toll is paid by weight, which 
cleared from Clevchmd by way of the canal in 
1840 was, 9,563,396 pounds of merchandise 



1,163,167 of furniture, 1,770,016 of gypsum, 
1,265,656 feet of lumber, 76,729 barrels of salt, 
8,959 do. of lake fish, 2,560 M. shingles, 21 pairs 
of mill stones. 

The number of clearances of boats, was 4,137; 
but tliere were only 312 different boats. In the 
year 1840, 1,344 vessels, exclusive of steamboats, 
entered the port; and 1,344 vessels, and 1,020 
steamboats, cleared. There are owned at Cleve- 
land,67 schooners, 2 brigs, 3 sloops, 1 1 steamboats ; 
the total tonnage in 1840 was 9,514. There were 
in 1840, 21 foreign commission houses, with a 
cap. of $38,000; 66 retail stores, cap. $139,700 ; 

3 lumber y.ards, cap. $3,000 ; 1 furnace ; machi- 
nery produced, $3,000 ; 2 distilleries, and 1 brew- 
ery, cap. $32,000 ; 1 flouring m. manufactured to 
the amount of $125,000 ; 5 printing offices, 3 
binderies, 1 daily and 4 weekly newspapers, 
and 1 periodical, employed a cap. of $9,700. 
Total cap. in manufac. $128,632. 5 acad. 148 

tndents, 15 sch. 1,089 scholars. Besides numer- 
ous respectable private schools, there are from 
12 to 15 public schools, supported at an annual 
expense of $4,000. There are 4 large school 
edifices, which contain about 7,00 scholars. 

'I'he Cleveland Lyceum is a respectable liter- 
ary institution, which holds discussions and sus- 
tains lectures during the winter season. There 
is also a reading room well supplied with peri- 
odicals. 

There are 8 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Bap- 
tist, 1 Episcopal, 2 Methodist, 1 Congregational, 
and a chapel for boatmen and sailors. 

There are two banks, with an aggregate capi- 
tal of $800,000; and an insurance co., with a 
capital of $500,000. There is a light-house on 
the high bank of the lake, and another light at the 
entrance of the harbor. There are 2 daily papers 
and 5 weekly papers issued in this place. 

Ohio City, on the opposite side of the Cuyaho- 
ga r., constitutes, virtually, one place with Cleve- 
land. (See Ohio City.) It has, however, a sep- 
arate incorporation. 

The municipal authority of Cleveland consists 
of a mayor, 3 aldermen — 1 from each ward ; and 
9 councihaen — 3 from each ward. 

Cleveland derives its name from Gen. Moses 
Cleveland, an agent of the Connecticut Land co., 
who accompanied the first surveying party upon 
the Connecticut Western Reserve. The city plat 
was surveyed vmder his direction in 1796. The 
Indian title to the territory had been extinguished 
2 years before, but was not extinguished on the 
w. side of the r. until July 4th, 1805. Cleveland 
was incorporated as a village in 1814, and as a 
city in 1836. 

Cleveland, t., exclusive of the city, contains 

4 saw m., 7 sch. 399 scholars. Pop. 966. 
Cleveland, county, N. C. Situated in the s 

w. part of the state, and contains 550 sq. miles 
Drained by Broad r. and branches. Capital, 
Shelby. 

Cleveland, p-v., Merriwether co.,Ga., 107 w. 
Milledgeville, 726 W. 

Cleveland, p-o., Winnebago co.. 111., 211 n. 
by E. Springfield, 796 W. 

Cleves, p-v., Miami t., Hamilton co., O., 128 s. 
w. Columbus, 504 W. It contains 2 stores, about 
30 dwellings, and 150 inhabitants. Situated on 
the Big Miami r., half a mile from the Ohio r., at 
North Bend. 

(lift Mills, p-o., Fauquier co., Va. 

Clifton, p-o., Luzerne co.. Pa., 142 n. e. Har- 
risburg, 236 W. 

Clifton, Miami t.. Green co., O., 52 w. s. w. 
Columbus, 445 W. Situated at the falls of the 
Little Miami, neariy on the county line. It has 



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2 churches, 4 or 5 .stores, 2 saw m., 1 tlouring ra., 

1 cotton fac, about 70 dwellings, and 350 inhab- 
itants. The cotton fac. is built directly over the 
r. at the falls, where the r. enters a chasm in the 
rocks, from 30 to 70 feet deep, and from '20 to 50 
feet wide. The building is 72 feet long, 40 feet 
wide, and 3 stories high. The water power at 
this place is extensive. It is surrounded by a 
fertile country, and is a great thoroughfare. 

Clifton, p-v., Russell co., Va., 309 s. w. 
Kicbmond, 364 W. Situated on Maiden Spring 
Fork. 

Clifton F.'VCToaY, p-v., St. Mary's co., Md., 
99 s. Annapolis, 76 W. 

Clifton Fouge, p-o., Alleghany co., Va., 182 
w. by N. Richmond, 229 W. 

Clifton Park, p-t., Saratoga co., N. Y., 17 n. 
by w. Albany, 387 W. The surface is undula- 
ting, and the soil a fertile clay and sandy loam. 
Mohawk r. runs on its s. border. Some small 
creeks enter it from this towai. It has 8 stores, 
cap. $11,200; 2 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 1 grist 
m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. §300. 13 sch. 419 
scholars. Pop. 2,719. 

Clifty, p-o., Decatur co., la., 55 s. E. Indian- 
apolis, 558 W. 

Clif TY, t., Bartholomew co., la. It has 3 sch. 
129 scholars. Pop. 1,082. _ 

Climax Prairie, p-o., Kalamazoo co., Mich., 
131 w. Detroit, 5y3 W. Climax t., in w-liich it is 
situated, contains 1 store, cap. $4,000. 2 sch. Ill 
scholars. Pop. 301. 

Clinchdale, p-o., Hawldns co., Tenn., 250 e. 
by N. Nashville, 455 W. 

Clinch, r., of Va. and Tenn., rises in Va. and 
pas.ses into Tenn., and after a course of about 200 
miles imites with Holston r., at Kingston, thus 
foniung Tennessee r. It is navigable for boats 
through a large part of its course. 

Clinch, t.. Van Buren co., Mich. It has 1 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $3,000. 4 sch. 60 scholars. 
Pop. 250. 

Clinton, county, N. Y. Situated in the n. e. 
part of the state, and contains 932 sq. ras. It has 
Lower Canada on its n., and Lake Champlain 
on its E. border. The s. part is elevated and 
hilly ; the n. and e. parts are more level, and 
are well cultivated. Iron ore of a superior quali- 
ty is found in the s. w. part of the co. Watered 
by Sarariac, Chazy and Great and Little Au- 
sable rivers, which afford extensive water pow- 
er. Organized in 178S. Lake Champlain affords 
great facilities for trade. Capital, Platisburg. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 21,013, sheep 
55,555, swine 17,7'.;5 ; wheat 75,293 bush, produ- 
ced, rye 31,972, Ind. com 81,431, buckwheat 
39,429, barley 13,289, oats 145,226, potatoes 
481,325, hops 1,434 pounds, sugar 184,934; 117 
stores, cap. $466,610; 6 furnaces, 21 bloomeries, 
forges, &c., employing a cap. $231,150 ; 8 fulling 
m., 7 woollen lac, 2 cotton fac. 1,201) sp., 21 tan- 
neries, 1 brewery, 1 glass fac, 1 pottery, 1 flour- 
ing ra., 17 grist m., l66 saw m., '2 printing offices, 

2 weekly newspapers. Capital in manufac 
$66), 465. 3acad. 151 students, 103 sch. 2,957 
scholars. Pop. 2-t,157. 

Clinton, county, Pa. Situated in the n. part 
of the state, contains 840sq.ms. The w. branrli 
of the Susquelianna r. passes centrally through it. 
Surface mountainous, soil first rate on mal-ginsof 
streams. Capital, Lock Haven. There were in 
1810, neat cattle 5,867, sheep 6,806, swine 9,316 ; 
wheat 150,354 bush, produced, rye 44,975, Ind. 
corn 66,552, buckwheat 11,603, oats 76,468, po- 
tatoes 60,446 ; 400,000 bush, bituminous coal ; 21 
stores, cap. $91,600 ; 2 furnaces, 4 forges, 6 tan- 
neries, 1 distillery, 1 brewery, 6 flouring m., 5 



grist m., 28 saw m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly 
newspapers. Cup. in manufac. $17,435. 1 acad. 
25 students, 7 sch. 2S6 scholars. Pop. 8,3:i3. 

Clinton, county, Ky. Situated on the s. 
border of the state, and ccmtains 200 sq. ms. 
Drained by several small branches of Cumber- 
land r. Surface diversified, soil fertile. Capi- 
tal, Albany. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
3,902, sheep 4,938, swine 17,637; wheat U,93i 
bush, produced, rye 893, Ind. corn 158,177, oats 
41,082, potatoes 7,373, tobacco 84,932 pounds, 
cotton 7,228, sugar 4,009 ; 5 stores, cap. 9,500 ; 2 
tanneries, 24 distilleries, 11 grist m., 11 saw m., 
1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $17,330. 1 acad. 25 
students, 2 sch. 49 scholars. Pop. wliites 3,674, 
slaves 18S, free col'd 1 ; total, 3,863. 

Clinton, county, O. Situated in the s. w. 
part of the state, and contains 400 sq. ms. Tiie 
surface is level or slightly uneven, and the soil 
is fertile. It is particularly adapted to Indian 
corn and grass, yielding from 60 to 100 bushels 
of the former, and 3 tons of the latter to the acre. 
Salt is found in the s. w. part. Watered by 
branches of Little Miami r., which afford good 
water power. The religious denominations are 
the Friends, Methodists, Presbyterians and Bap- 
tists. Capital, Wilmington. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 17,734, sheep 33,096, swine 
43,906 ; wheat 213,796 bush, produced, rye 
2,966, Ind. corn 824,449, buckwheat 1,101, barley 
226, oats 193,349, potatoes 22,285, hops 327 
pounds, sugar 112,671; 46 stores, cap. 84,460; 
3 fulling m., 4 woollen fac, 13 tanneries 7 flour- 
ing m., 19 grist m., 25 saw m., 2 oil m., 2 printing 
offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $56,521. 92 sch. 6,188 scholars. Pop. 1830, 
11,292; 1840, 15,719. 

Clinton, county, Mich. Situated in the cen- 
tral part of the state, and contains 576 sq. ms. 
Drained n. by Maple r., and s. by Lookingglass 
r., and branches. It has a level surface, and a 
good soil. Capital, De Witt. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 1,621, sheep 294, swine 2,560 ; 
wheat 18,632 bush, produced, Ind. corn 15,296, 
oats 11,310, sugar 27,666 pounds. Pop. 1,614. 

Clinton, county, la. Situated a little n. w. 
of the centre of the state, and contains 432 sq. 
ms. Organized in 1830. Drained by branches 
of Wildcat and Sugar creeks. The soil is fertile 
and well timbered, except the "Twelve Mile 
Prairie." C'apital, Frankfort. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 6,943, sheep 5,960, swine 23,693 ; 
wheat 54,281 bush, produced, rye 1,751, Ind. 
corn 415,560, buckwheat 793, oats 83,905, pota- 
toes 17,220, sugar 110,290 pounds; 9 stores, cap. 
.$16,300 ; 1 woollen fac, 4 tanneries, 2 flourhig 
m., 1 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
.$7,350. 1 sch. 45 scholars. Pop. 1830, 1,423; 
1840, 7,503. 

Clinton, county. 111. Situated in tlie s. part 
of the state, and contains 480 sq. ms. Surface 
undulating, soil fertile. Kaskaskia river passes 
centrally tlirough it. Capital, Carlyle. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 6,140, sheep 3,t)74, 
swine 14,222 ; wheat 21,367 bush, proiiuced, Ind 
com 141,405, oats 36,107, potatoes 3,286 ; 7 stores, 
cap. $15,810 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 7 grist m., 
7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,800. 11 sch. 
215 scholars. Pop. 1830, 2,330 ; 1840, 3,718. 

Clinton, coimty. Mo. Situated in the n. w. 
part of tlie state, and contains 425 sq. ms. The 
surface is level, and two thirds of it prairie. 
Soil very fertile. Drained by branches of Little 
Platte r. Capital, Plattsburg. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 3,10^, sheep 3.227, swine 
10,392 ; wheat 2,469 bush, produced, Ind. corn 
136,642, oats 14,489, potatoes 7,309, tobacco 



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6,223 pounds ; 7 stores, cap. 27,700 ; 6 distilleries, 
7 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,570. 
5 sch. 128 scholars. Pop. whites 2,530, slaves 
191, free col'd 3 ; total, 2,724. 

Clinton, county, Iowa Ter. Situated in the 
E. part of the ter., having the Mississippi r. for 
its E. boundary. Drained by Wabesipmica r. 
and its branches, on the s., and on the n. by 
Prairie cr., Deep or. and other branches of Ma- 
coquetais r. Capital, Camanche. There were 
ill 1840, neat cattle 865, sheep 5S, swine 2,007 ; 
wheat 5,413 bush, produced. Lid. corn 18,515, 
oats 3,555, potatoes 17,574; 3 stores, cap. $11,350 ; 
2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 4,030. 1 
sell. 15 scholars. Pop. 821. 

Clinto.n, p-t., Kennebec co.. Me., 25 n. n. e. 
Augusta, 620 W. The Kennebec r. runs on its 
w. border, and Sebaslicook r. passes through it, 
and atTords extensive water power. Incorpora- 
ted 1795. The soil is fertile, and adapted to 
grain or grazing. The v. is situated on Sebasli- 
cook r., and has some mills and manufactures. 
There are in the t., 9 stores, cap. $9,400 ; 2 ful- 
ling m., 2 grist in., 13 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$13,725. 1,287 scholars in schools. Pop. 2,818. 

Clinton, p-t., Middlesex co., Ct., 51 s. by e. 
Hartford, 325 W. It has 7 stores, cap. $19,200 ; 
1 fulling m., 3 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $18,100. 6 sch. 337 scholars. Pop. 1,239. 

Clinton, t., Dutchess co., N. Y., 10 n. Pough- 
keepsie, 75 s. Albany. The surface is hilly and 
broken, and the soil a gravelly loam, and well cul- 
tivated. It has 4 stores, cap. $10,500 ; 2 fulling 
m., 1 flouring m., 4 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $25,310. 4 sch. 139 scholars. Pop. 
1,830. 

Clinton, p-v., Kirkland t., Oneida co., N. Y., 
99 w. N. w. Albany, 9 s. w. Utica, 380 W. It 
is pleasantly situated on both sides of Oriskany 
creek. It has 4 churches, 1 Presbyterian, 1 
Baptist, 1 Methodist, and 1 Universalist, 8 stores, 
several schools of a high order, 100 dwellings, 
and about 800 inhabitants. It has several import- 
ant manufacturing establishments. Hamilton 
College, a respectable institution, is located here. 
The buildings, 4 in number, constructed of stone, 
occupy a commanding eminence, 1 m. w. of the 
v., and are surrounded by grounds containing 41 
acres. This institution was founded in 1812, has 
a president and 6 professors, or other instructors. 
464 alumni, of whom 69 have been ministers of 
the gospel, 94 students, and 9,000 vols, in its li- 
braries. The commencement is on the 4th 
Wednesday in August. 

Clinton, p-v., Himterdon co., N. J., 37 n. by 
w. Trenton, 197 W. Situated on the s. branch 
of Raritan r., at the point of junction of Lebanon, 
Bethlehem, and Kingwood townships, lying part- 
ly in each. It has 1 Presbyterian church, 3 
stores, 2 grist m., 1 oil m., and 35 dwellings. The 
river affords a great water power, and the coim- 
try around is fertile. 

^^i-"^"^' *■' E^^®'' CO., N. J. It has 4 stores, 
cap. $7,300 ; 2 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $6,500. 
3 sch. 137 scholars. Pop. 1,976. 

Clinton, p-v., Alleghany co. Pa 226 W 
Harrisburg, 251 W. ' 

'^''i^Z^' k "^^^I^^ *=?■' P^- It has 2 stores, 
cap. $3,0(J0. 5 sch. 8a scholars. Pop 516 

Clinton, t.. Lycoming co., Pa., 6 s. e'. Williams- 
port It lies in a bend ol the w. branch of Sus- 
quehanna r., by which it is bounded on the n e 
and s E. It has 2 stores, cap. $i),500 ; 1 woollen 
fee, 2 distilleries, 3 grist m., 9 saw m., 1 oil m 

Po^' l"l9T"" ' ^^^^'^' "^ ^*'^- ^^" «<=hoIars: 
Clinto.n, p-t., Summit co., O., 118 n. w. Co- 



lumbus, 334 W. Watered by Indian cr., a branch 
of Tuscarawas r. The t. was formerly called 
Pike. 

Clinton, p-v., Tecumseh t., Lenawee co., 
Mich., 52 s. w. Detroit, 516 W. Situated on the 
E. bank of the n. branch of the river Raisin. It 
contains 1 Episcopal church, 8 stores, 1 flouring 
m., 1 saw m., 1 iron foundry, about 100 houses, 
and 600 inhabitants. The r. Raisin affords good 
water power, and the place has considerable 
business. 

Clinton, p-v., capital, Hickman co., Ky., 298 
w. s. w. Frankfort, 825 W. Situated on the n. 
side of Bayou Desha. It contains a court house 
and several dwellings. 

Clinton, p-v., capital of Sampson co., N. C, 
94 s. s. E. Raleigh, 324 W. It is situated on a 
branch of Black r. It contains a court house and 
a few dwellings. 

Clinton, p-v., capital of Jones co., Ga., 26 w. 
j'Milledgeville, 671 W. It contains a court house, 
jail, an academy and Methodist church. 

Clinton, p-v.. Green co., Ala., 41 s. Tusca- 
loosa, 859 W. 

Clinton, p-v., Hinds co.. Miss., 10 w. by n. 
Jackson, 1,020 W. It has 1 Alethodist and 1 
Presbyterian church, and a female seminary, and 
400 inhabitants. Mississippi college, Ibuiided in 
1830, is located here. 

Clinton, p-v., E. Feliciana par., La., 112 n. w. 
New Orieans, 1,130 W. 

Clinton, p-v., capital of Van Buren co.. Ark., 
90 N. Little Rock, 1,096 W. Situated on s. side 
of Little Red r. 

Clinton, p-v., capital of Anderson co., Tenn., 
175 E. Nashville, 514 W. Situated on the n. 
bank of Clinch r., one of the constituents of 
Tennessee r. It contains a court house and 
several dwelluigs. 

Clinton, p-t., Vermillion co., la., 82 w. Indi- 
anapolis, 659 W. The v. is situated on the w. 
bank of Wabash r. There are in the t., 6 stores, 
cap. $37,700; 1 com. house, 1 furnace, 1 distille- 
ry, 2 flouring m., 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $6,800. 1 sch. 30 scholars. Pop. 
1,296. 

Clinton, p-v., capital, Dewitt co., 111., 64 e. n. 
E. Springfield, 739 W. Situated on Salt cr., a 
branch of Sangamon r. 

Clinton, t., Macomb co., Mich., bordering on 
Lake St. Clair. Watered by Red r. The soil is 
fertile. It has 11 stores, cap. $31,000; 1 fulling 
m., 1 glass house, 2 printing offices, 2 weekly 
newspapers, 2 flouring m., 2 grist ni., 8 saw m., 
9 sch. 290 scholars. Pop. 1,115. 

Clinton, t., Franklin co., O. It has 2 sch. 50 
scholars. Pop. 966. 

Clinton, t., Putnam co., la. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $3,500 ; I tannery, 1 distillery, 2 grist m., 3 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $l,7t)0. 1 sch. 35 
scholars. Pop. 1,218. 

Clinton, t., Lucas co., O. It has 3 sch. 104 
scholars. Pop. 353. 

Clinton, v., capital of Rives co., Mo , situa- 
ted near the n. bank of Grand r. 

Clinton, t., Jackson co., O. It has 1 tannery. 
Cap. in manufac. $150. 1 sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 
824. 

Clinton, t., Seneca co., O. It has 12 stores, 
cap. $28,740 ; 2 printing offices, 2 weekly news- 
papers, 4 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$13,200. 8 sch. 235 scholars. Pop. 2,195. 

Clinton, t., Shelby co., O. It has 14 stores, 
cap. $14,300 ; 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 2 printing 
offices, 1 weekly newspaper, 3 flouring m., 2 grist 
m., 5 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $15,510. 
1 sch. 24 scholars. Pop. 783. 



CLY 



137 



COB 



Clinton, t., Franklin co., O. Pop. 966. 

Clinton, t., Wayne co., O. Pop. 873. 

Clinton, p-t., Knox co., O. It has 5 sch. 210 
scholars. Pop. 920. 

Clinton College, p-v., Smith co., Tenn., 53 
E. N. E. Nashville, 644 W. 

Clinton Furnace, p-o.. Clarion co.. Pa. 

Clinton Hollow, p-o., Clinton t., Dutchess 
CO., N. Y., 63 s. Albany, 316 W. 

Clintonvillr, p-v., Au Sable t., Clinton co., 
N. Y., 153 N. Albany, 528 W. Situated on the 
N. side of Au Sable r., 10 w. Port Kent, on Lake 
Champlain. It has 1 Presbyterian and 1 Metho- 
dist church, 8 stores, 1 ^ist m., 1 saw m., 100 
dwellings, and about 750 inhabitants. The Peru 
Iron Company, with a capital of $200,000, have 
extensive iron works at this place. The best of 
iron ore is obtained in this vicinity. 

Clintonville, p-v., Venango co., Pa., 214 w. 
N. w. Harrisburg, 269 W. 

Clintonville, p-v., Greenbrier co., Va., 224 
w. by N. Richmond, 261 W. It contains a Meth- 
odist church, 1 store, and several dwelUngs, and 
about 30 or 40 inhabitants. 

Clintonville, p-v., Bourbon co., Ky., 45 e. 
Frankfort, 516 W. 

Clio, p-v., Marlboro' dist., S. C, 117 n. e. Co- 
lumbia, 419 W. 

Clio, p-o., Wayne co., Ky., 94 s. Frankfort, 
600 W. 

Clockville, p-v., Lenox t., Madison co., N. 
Y., 120 w. by N. Albany, 360 W. It has two 
churches, 1 store, 2 grist m., 2 plaster m., 40 
dwellings, and about 250 inhabitants. 

Cloi'ton's Mills, p-o., Putnam co., Ga., 16 n. 
w. Milledgeville, 637 W. 

Cloutierville, p-v., Natchitoches par., La., 
337 N. w. by w. New Orleans, 1,256 W. 

Clove, p-o., Unionvale t., Dutchess co., N. Y., 
78 s. by E. Albany, 317 W. 

Clove, p-o.. Wantage t., Sussex co., N. J. 

Clover Bottom, p-o., Sullivan co., Tenn. 

Clover Dale, p-o., Botetourt co., Va., 184 w. 
Richmond, 234 W. 

Clover Dale, p-o., Putnam co., la., 49 w. In- 
dianapolis, 614 W. 

Clover Dale, p-o., Barren co., Ky., 112 s. w. 
Frankfort, 635 W. 

Cloverdale Hotel, p-o., Bath co., Va., 142 
w. N. w. Richmond, 180 W. 

Clover Garden, p-o., Orange co., N. C, 41 
N. w. Raleigh, 299 W. 

Clover Hill, p-o., Hunterdon co., N. J., 30 
N. Trenton, 190 W. 

Clover Hill, p-o.. Prince Edward co., Va., 
92 w. s. w. Richmond, 178 W. 

Clover Port, p-v., Breckenridge co., Ky., 
126 w. by s. Frankfort, 663 W. Situated on the 
s. bank of Ohio r., at the mouth of Clover cr. It 
has 1 Baptist and 1 Methodist church, and about 
300 inhabitants. 

Clove.sville, p-o., 3Iiddletown t, Delaware 
CO., N. Y., 70 s. w. Albany, 344 W. 

Cloyu's Creek, p-o., Blount co., Tenn., 182 
E. by s. Nashville, 527 W. 

Clyde, p-v., Galen t., Wayne co., N. Y., 174 
W. by N. Albany, 354 W. Situated on Clyde r., 
and on the Erie canal. Incorporated in 1835. It 
contains 4 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episco- 
pal, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist — an academy, 16 
stores, 4 flouring m., 1 saw m., 2 glass fac, 1 fur- 
nace, 1 tannery, and various mechanics, 130 
dwellings, and about 1,000 inhabitants. 

Clyde, r., in the county of Wayne, formed by 
the j miction of Flint and Mud creeks, flows e. 20 
ms., and falls into Seneca r. It is navigable for 
boats to Lyons. 

18 



Clyde Mills, p-o., Clyde t., St. Clair co., 
31ich., 67 N. E. Detroit, 590 "W. It is situated on 
Black r., 12 miles from its mouth, at the head of 
steamboat navigation. It has a store, 1 flouring 
m., and 2 saw m. There are in the t., 7 stores, 
cap. $8,300; 2 tanneries, 1 printing office, 1 
weekly newspaper, 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac- 
tures, $23,400. 2 schools, 40 scholars. Popula- 
tion, 413. 

Clymer, p-t., Chautauque co., N. Y., 355 w. 
by s. Albany, 334 W. The surface is rolling, 
and the soil, a fertile sandy loam. Drained by 
Broken Straw cr. The v. contains 2 stores, 1 
grist m., 2 saw m., and 12 or 15 dwellings. There 
are hi the t., 2 stores, cap. $2,500 ; 1 tannery, 1 
grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,100. 6 
sch. 256 scholars. Pop. 909. 

Clymer Centre, p-o., Clymer t., Chautauque 
co.,^ N. Y., 350 w. by s. Albany, 329 W. 

Coaho.ma, county. Miss., in the n. w. part of 
the state, contains 680 sq. ms. The suriace is 
level, and at certain seasons inundated. Chief 
article of production, cotton. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 3,430, sheep 222, swuie 3,923 ; Indian 
com 48,779 bush, produced, potatoes 7,239, cotton 
418,796 pounds ; 1 store, cap. $1,000. 3 sch. 69 
scholars. Pop. whites 766, slaves 524 ; total, 
1,290. 

Coal, t., Northumberland co.. Pa. It has 1 
store, cap. $4,000 ; 4 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in 
manufac. $8,480. 2 sch. 67 scholars. Pop. 914. 

Coal Brook, t., Clinton co.. Pa. It has 
2 stores, cap. $8,100 ; 1 furnace, 1 forge, 1 saw 
m. Pop. 516. 

Coal Hill, p-o., Goochland co., Va., 14 n. w. 
Richmond, 131 W. 

Coal Mines, p-o., Chesterfield co., Va., 15 s 
w. Richmond, 132. 

Coal Mountain, p-o., Forsyth co., Ga., 115 
N. w. Milledgeville, 638 W. 

Coal River Marshes, p-o., Fayette co., Va., 
300 w. Richmond, 337 W. 

Coal Run, p-o., Washuigton co., O., 92 s. e. 
Columbus, 316 W. 

CoALSMOuTH, p-o., Kanawha co., Va., 325 w. 
N. w. Richmond, 362 W. Situated on the s. side 
of Kanawha r., at the mouth of Coal r., which af- 
fords water power. It contains 1 store, 1 grist 
m., and 1 saw m. 

CoATSviLLE, p-v., Chester co.. Pa., 62 e. s. e. 
Harrisburg, 130 W. Situated on the w. branch 
of Brandy wine cr. It has 3 paper m., 2 cotton 
fac, a nail, and other factories. There is a cha- 
lybeate spring of some notoriety in the vicinity. 

CoATEs' Tavern, p-o., York dist, S. C, 76 n. 
Columbia, 452 W. 

Cobb, county, Ga. Situated toward the n. w. 
part of the state, and contains 430 sq. ms. The 
Chattahoochee r. runs on its s. e. border. Wa- 
tered by branches of that r. qn the s., and of 
Coosa on the n. Capital, 31arietta. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 9,629, sheep 3,524, swine 
20,177; wheat 27,264 bush, produced, Ind. com 
320,029, oats 10,606, potatoes 5,342, cotton 154,965 
pounds ; 24 stores, cap. $26,450 ; 1 cotton fac, 2 
tanneries, 8 distilleries, 2 flouring m., 22 grist m., 
19 saw m. Cap. in manuiac. .$98,355. 3 sch. 70 
scliolars. Pop. whites 6,630, slaves 904, free col'd 
5 ; total, 7,539. 

Cobb"s, p-o., McMinn co., Tenn., 182 e. s. e. 
Nashville, 574 W. 

Cobb's Corners, p-o., Mantua t., Portage co., 
O., 119 N. e. Columbus, 334 W. 

Cobb's Fork, p-o., Decatur co., la., 62 s. e. In- 
dianapohs, 556 W. 

Cobb's Store, p-o., Madison co., Ala., 156 n. 
N. E. Tuscaloosa, 720 W. 



COE 



138 



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Coderly's, p-0., Allen t., Union co., O., 51 n. 
w. <'olumbus, 441 W. 

CoBLESKiLL, p-t., Schoharic CO., N. Y., 42 w. 
Albany, 3S6 W. The surface is hilly, with fer- 
tile valleys. Drained by Cobleskill cr. Here is 
a mill stream issuing from a natural well, which 
has never been effectually sounded. This stream 
soon enters a subterranean passage, and reap- 
pears after a distance of 7 miles. The v. contains 
1 church, 3 stores, 1 saw m., and 20 dwellings. 
The t. has 13 stores, cap. $48,100 ; 3 fulling m., 
3 tanneries, 1 brevver>', 5 grist m., 21 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $6,400. 19 sch. 987 scholars. 
Pop. 3,583. 

Cobleskill Centre, p-o., Cobleskill t., Scho- 
harie CO., N. Y., 44 w. Albany, 384 W. 

Coburn's Store, p-o., Mecklenburg cc, N. 
C, 167 w. s. w. Raleigh, 404 W. 

CocALico, p-o., Lancaster co., Pa., 37 e. by s. 
Harrisburg, 135 W. 

CocHECTON, p-t., Sullivan co., N. Y., 131 s. w. 
Albany, 293 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, gra- 
velly loam. Delaware r. bounds it on the w. 
Drained by Collicoon and Ten Mile creeks, which 
flovi' into the Delaware. The v. is situated on the 
E. side of the Delaware, and contams 1 store, 20 
dwellings, and about 125 inhabitants. There are 
in the t., 2 stores, cap. $3,800 ; 1 tannery, 2 grist 
m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $18,500. 5 sch. 
167 scholars. Pop. 622. 

Cochran, t., Macon co., Mo. Pop. 196. 

Cochran's Grove, p-v., Shelby co., 111., 72 s. 
E. Springfield, 716 W. 

Cochran's Mills, p-o., Pickens co., Ala., 39 
w. Tuscaloosa, 857 W. 

Cochran's, p-o., Putnam co., O. 

CocHRANsviLLE, p-v., Chester co., Pa., 62 e. 
s. E. Harrisburg, 106 W. 

Cochran, t., Macon co., Mo. Pop. 196. 

CocHRANTON, p-0., Salt Rock t., Marion co., 
O., 10 w. Marion, 8 e. Burlington. 

CocKE, county, Tenn. Situated in the e. part 
of tlie state, bounded on the s. E. by the Smoky 
Mountains, a chain of the Alleghany from N. C. 
Drained by French Broad r. and Big Pigeon r. 
It contains 374 sq. ms. The surface is uneven 
and broken. Capital, Newport. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 4,435, sheep 2,880, swine 15,190 ; 
wheat 18,820 bush, produced, rye 2,145, Ind. corn 
265,680, oats 29,450, potatoes 5,455, hops 335 
pounds ; 6 stores, cap. $26,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 dis- 
tillery, 2 flouring m., 4 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $4,250. Pop. 1830, 6,017 ; 1840, whites 
6,199, slaves 634, free col'd 159 ; total, 6,992. 

CocHRANTOX, p-0., Harrison co., O. 

CoDORus, creek, rises in Frederick co., Md., 
and after a comparative course of 30 ms., enters 
the Susquehanna r. near New Holland v., in Pa. 

CoDORus, p-v.. Old Codorus t., York co.. Pa., 
37 s. Harrisburg, 83 W. Situated on Codorus 
creek. 

CoELEBS, p-o., Pittsylvania co., Va., 174 s. w. 
by w. Richmond, 261 W. 

CoEYMANs, p-t., Albany co., N. Y., 13 s. Alba- 
ny, 356 W. The surface is broken ; soil various. 
Drained by Coeyman's cr., and other small trib- 
utaries of Hudson r. The v. is situated on the 
w. side of the Hudson r., and contains 1 Dutch 
Reformed, and 1 Methodist church, 10 stores 
1 grist jn., 1 saw m., 1 axe fac, 1 cloth dressing 
and lulling m., and extensive brickyards. It con- 
tains 100 dweUmgs, and about 700 inhabitants. 
It has a steamboat landing, and several sloons 
navigating the r. There are in the t, 15 stores, can 
$23,.)00 ; 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 6 saw m Can 
m manufac. $31,050 ; 15 sch. 733 scholars Pop 



Coeyman's Hollow, p-o., Coeyman's t., Al- 
bany CO., N. Y., 19 s. Albany, 362 W. 

Coffee, county, Tenn. Situated in the cen- 
tral part of the state, and contains 170 sq. ms. 
The surface is undulating ; soil fertile. Drained 
by head branches of Duck r. Capital, Manches- 
ter. There were in 1840, neat cattle 9,243, sheep 
8,198, swine 31,119; wheat 47,799 bash, pro- 
duced, rye, 4,761, Ind. corn 1,565,873, oats 74,934, 
potatoes 12,105, tobacco 26,348 pounds, cotton 
69,(J60, sugar 700 ; 8 stores, cap. $25,540 ; 9 tan- 
neries, 26 distilleries, 1 rope fac, 10 grist m., 6 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,550. 8 sch. 342 
scholars. Pop. whites 7,057, slaves 1,105, free 
col'd 22 ; total, 8,184. 

Coffee Creek, p-o.. Porter co., la., 148 n. n. 
w. Indianapolis, 692 W. 

Coffee Run, p-o., Huntingdon co.. Pa., 103 
w. Harrisburg, 107 W. 

Coffeeton, p-o., Wabash co.. 111., 170 s. e. 
Springfield, 726 W. 

Coffeeville, p-v., Clark co., Ala., 132 w. by 
s. Tuscaloosa, 944 W. Situated on the e. bank 
of Tombigbee r. 

Coffeeville, p-v., capital of Yallabusha co., 
Miss., 130 N. by e. Jackson, 941 W. Situated on 
both sides of Turkey cr., a branch of Yazoo r. It 
contains a court house and several dwellings. 

Cohasset, p-t., Norfolk co., Ms., 20 s. e. Bos- 
ton, 460 W. Incorporated in 1770. It has a 
rocky and dangerous coast. It has considerable 
sliipping, mostly engaged in coasting and fishing. 
Its ocean breezes make it a pleasant summer re- 
sort. It has 9 stores, cap. $10,401); 1 flouring m., 

1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $15,500. 

2 acad. 45 students, 5 sch. 423 scholars. Pop. 1,471. 

CoHOCTON, p-o., Steuben co., N. Y., 230 w. by 
s. Albany, 315 W. 

Cohoe.s, p-v., Watervliet t., Albany co., N..Y., 
8 N. Albany, 378 W. Situated on the s. w. bank 
of the Mohawk r., a little below Colioes Falls, 
near the jimction of the Erie and Champlain ca- 
nals. Here is a cotton lac. with 7,000 sp. and 
220 looms, 1 flouring m., 3 saw m., 1 iron and 
brass foundry, and various other manufactories. 
The v. contains 6 churches— 1 Presbyterian, 1 
Episcopal, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, 1 Dutch Re- 
formed, and 1 Lniversalist — 12 stores, 200 dwel- 
lings, and about 2,000 inhabitants. The water 
power, which might be employed at this place, is 
very extensive. 

("ohoes Falls, on the Mohawk r., 2 miles 
from its mouth, near Cohoes v., N. Y., present a 
romantic, and when the river is full, a grand ap- 
pearance. Besides a rapid above and below, the 
river here, from 3 to 400 feet broad, has a per- 
pendicular fall of 70 feet. Half a mile below 
the falls is a bridge across the r., 800 feet long, 
presenting a beautiful view of the cataract, lliis 
fall is ahvays an object of curiosity and admira- 
tion to travellers. 

CoHUTTAH Spring, p-o., Murray co., Ga., 12 
N. Spring Place, 2i from the n. boundary of the 
state. Situated at the base of Cohuttah mt. 
The spring is on the s. side of a small and beautiful 
stream, issuing from the mountain, which joins 
the Conncsauga cr., 6 miles below. This is one 
of the most valuable mineral springs in this sec- 
tion of the country. 

Coitsville, p-t., Trumbull co., O., 182 n. e. 
Columbus, 17 s. e. Warren, 289 W. Beaver r. and 
the Beaver canal run through its s. w. comer. 
It has 8 sch. 365 scholars. Pop. 1,005. 

CoKEstiUR(;, p-v., Abbeville dist., S. C, 93 w. 
Columbia, 523 Vv". 

CoKER Creek, p o., Monroe co., Tenn. 

Colbert, p-v., Lowndes co., Miss., 155 s. E. 



COL 



139 



COL 



Jackson, 899 W. Situated on the w. side of the 
Tombigbee river. It contains several stores and 
dwellings. 

CoLBYViLLE, p-v., Clarke co., Ky., 39 e. s. e. 
Frankfort, 530 W. 

Colchester, p-t., Chittenden co., Vt., 46 w. s. 
w. Montpelier, 519 W. It has Lake Champlain 
on its w. border, from which Mallet's bay, a 
large body of water, sets up into the town. La- 
moille r. runs through its n. w. corner. First set- 
tled in 1774. The natural growth was partly 
white pine, with a light soil; and partly hard 
wood, with a fertile clay loam. On Onion river, 
partly in this own, and partly in Burlington, is 
Winooski city, a flourishing manufacturing vil- 
lage, with a covered bridge across the r., and 
where is an extensive water power. The t. has 
been extensively employed in the lumber trade. 
It has 3 stores," cap. $5,400; 1 woollen fac, 2 
sawm. Cap. in manufac. $157,800. 9 sch. 297 
scholars. Pop. 1,739. 

Colchester, p-t.. New London co., Ct., 24 s. 
s. E. Hartford, 20 n. n. w. New London, 334 W. 
The surface is uneven ; soil, fertile gravelly 
loam. Watered by Salmon r. The village is 
pleasantly situated, on elevated ground, chiefly 
on one street, and contains a Congregational 
and a Baptist church ; and Bacon Academy, 
founded in 1800, by the donation of $35,000, 
which has the name of its founder. It is a free 
school to all the inhabitants of the first ecclesias- 
tical society. The building is of brick, 3 stories 
high, 75 feet long, and 34 wide. It usually has 
from 90 to 100 scholars. The t. has 6 stores, cap. 
$28,909 ; 1 taimery, 3 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $1,800. 1 acad. 250 students, 14 sch. 
619 scholars. Pop. 2,101. 

Colchester, p-t., Delaware co., N. Y., 98 s. 
w. by w. Albany, 316 W. The surface is hilly 
and mountainous ; soil, adapted to grazing. 
Drained by Papacton branch of Delaware r. 
Lumber is rafted to Philadelphia. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $10,000; 2 fulling m., 1 tannery, 4 grist m., 
31 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $900. 16 sch. 403 
scholars. Pop. 1,567. 

Coldbrook, pv., Worcester co., Mass., 61 w. 
Boston, 413 W. Pleasantly situated on a brook 
of the same name, and has some manufactures. 

Coldbrook, p-v., Russia t., Herkimer co., N. 
Y., 86 N. w. Albany, 410 W. Situated on a 
stream of the same name, and contains 1 chiuch, 
2 stores, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 plaster m., 40 
dwellings, and about 300 inhabitants. 

CoLDBROoic, po., Warren co., 111., 115 n. w. 
Springfield, 844 W. 

CoLDEN, p-t., Erie co., N. Y., 296 w. Albany, 
365 W. The surface is hilly, and tiie soil clay, 
too wet and cold for grain, but it produces good 
grass. Drained by Cazenove cr. Organized in 
1827. At the v. are some mills, and a small set- 
tlement. It has 1 store, cap. $1,000 ; 1 tannery, 
1 pottery, 1 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$4,700. 11 sch. 449 scholars. Pop. 1,038. 

CoLDE\HAM, p-o., Newburg t.. Orange co., N. 
Y., 90 s. by w. Albany, 292 W. 

Cold Sprl\g, p-v., Phillipstown t., Putnam 
CO., N. Y., 100 s. Albany, 273 W. It has a ro- 
mantic situation, on the e. side of Hudson r., in 
the Highlands, 1 mile above West Point. It con- 
tains 5 churches — 1 Baptist, 1 Catholic, 1 Episco- 
pal, 1 iMethodist, 1 Presbyterian — 11 stores, and 
1,250 inhabitants. The West Point foundry is 
situated here. It employs 400 men, and has an 
iron foundry, a brass foundry, pattern, smith's, 
machine, and boiler shops. There are attached 
to the foundry 3 air furiaaces, 3 cupolas. In the 
smith's shop there is 1 trip-hammer of 7 ts. weight, 



and 2 tilt-hammers — one of a thousand and the 
other of 500 lbs. The machine shop contains 29 
turning lathes, and 3 planing machines for iron. 

Cold Spring, t., Cattaraugus co., N. Y., 308 
vv. Albany. The surface is hilly, with extensive 
valleys. Watered by Alleghany river and Cold 
Spring cr., its tributary. It contains an Indian 
village. Situated on the N. side of Alleghany 
r., on the line of the N. Y. and Erie railroad. It 
is the centre of a considerable lumber trade. 
Tliere are in the town 1 store, cap. $500 ; 1 grist 
m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $11,800. 1 sch. 
45 scholars. Pop. 673. 

Cold .Spring, p-v.. Lower t.. Cape May co., 
N. J., 105 s. Trenton, 215 W. It contains an 
Episcopal church, 2 stores, and 15 or 20 dwellings. 

Cold Spring, p-o., Edgefield dist., S. C. 

Cold Spring, p-o., Wilkinson co., Miss., 120 
s. w. Jackson, 1,130 W. 

Cold Spring, p-o., Campbell co., Ky., 91 n 
N. E. Frankfort, 501 W. 

Cold Spring, p-v., Shelby co.. 111., 72 s. e. 
Springfield, 736 W. 

Cold Spring Harbor, p-v.. Oyster Bay and 
Huntington ts.. Queens and SufFolk counties, N. 
Y., 186 s. by E. Albany, 266 W. Situated on 
both sides of the head of Cold Spring harbor. It 
has 1 Episcopal church, 3 stores, 2 woollen fac- 
tory, 1 grist m., 80 dwellings, and about 500 in- 
habitants. It has several ships employed in the 
whaling business, and several smaller vessels in 
the coasting trade. 

Cold Stream, p-v., Hampshire co., Va., 21 e. 
Romney, 167 n. n. w. Richmond, 595 W. Situ- 
ated on the w. bank of Great Cacapon r. It con- 
tains 1 church, 2 mills, 1 woollen fac, and other 
manufacturing establishments. 

Cold Water, p-o., Elbert co., Ga., 121 n. n. 
E. Raleigh, 575 W. 

Cold Water, p-t., capital of Branch co., Mich., 
110 \v. s. w. Detroit, 558 W. Watered by Cold- 
water river and its branches. It has 10 stores, 
1 furnace, 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 
1 flouring m., 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $40,400. 8 sch. 179 scholars. Pop. 1,123. 

Cole, county. Mo., situated in the centre of 
the state, and along the s. bank of Missouri r., and 
contains 650 sq. ms. Osage r. runs on its s. w. bor- 
der. Watered by Moreau cr., which flows into 
the Missouri r., a few miles above the entrance 
of the Osage r. Capital, JelTerson city. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 8,978, sheep 7,832, swine 
27,702 ; wheat 30,080 bushels produced, Indian 
corn 290,559, oats 49,173, potatoes 23,475, tobacco 
179,455 pounds, cotton 1,382, sugar 7,569; 36 
stores, cap. $91,928 ; 4 tanneries, 7 distilleries, 

1 pottery, 32 grist m., 3 saw m., 2 printing offices, 

2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manul'actures 
$35,197. 2 acad. 74 students, 14 sch. 314 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1830, 3,023 ; 1840, whites 8,073, slaves 
1,179, free col'd 3t ; total, 9,286. 

Cole, t., Benton co., Mo. Pop. 817. 

Colebath, t., Clarke co.. Ark., Pop. 169. 

CoLEBROOK, p-t., Coos CO., N. H., 135 N. Con- 
cord, 596 W. Connecticut river runs on its w. 
boundary. Watered by Mohawk r. and Beaver 
brook. On Connecticut river are fine intervale 
lands. Incorporated in 1790. It has an incor- 
porated academy ; 2 stores, cap. $8,000 ; 8 sch. 
192 scholars. Pop. 743. 

CoLEBRooK, t., Ashtabula county, O. Rock 
and Musketo creeks pass through it. It has 5 
sch. 205 scholars. Pop. 530. 

CoLEBROOK, p-t., Litchfield co., Ct., 32 n. vv. 
Hartford, 356 W. First settled in 1765. The 
surtace is uneven, and the soil hard and gravel- 
ly, well fitted for grazing. Drained by Colebrook 



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140 



COL 



r., a tributary of the w. branch of Farmington r., 
which affords mill seats. It contains 3 churches 

a Congregational, at the centre, a Baptist in the 

N. w., anil an Episcopal in the s. e. part. It has 
2 stores, cap. $6,500; 2 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 
paper manufac, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $45,300. 8 sch. 222 scholars. Pop. 
1,232. 

CoLEBRooKDALE, p-t., Berks CO., Pa., 73 e. 
Ilarrisburg, 166 W. It has 4 stores, cap. $13,700 ; 
2 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 4 giist m., 4 saw ni., 2 
oil m. Cap. in manufac. $11,250. Pop. 1,124. 

CoLEBRooK River, p-o., Colebrook t., Litch- 
field CO., Ct., 31 N. w. Hartford, 355 W. 

Cole Camp, p-o., Benton co., Mo., 65 s. w. 
Jeflferson city, 1,001 W. 

Cole Creek, p-o.. Fountain co., la., 66 w. s. 
w. Indianapolis, 637 W. 

Cole Creek, t., Montgomery co., la. It has 
2 sch. 43 scholars. Poo. 1,589. 

Coleman, p-o., Cabarras co., N. C. 

Coleman, p-c, Adair co., Ky., 116 s. by w. 
Frankfort, 630 W. 

Coleman Cross Roads, p-o., Edgefield dist., 
S. C, 51 w. Columbia, 537 W. 

CoLEMANSviLLE, p-v., HarrisoH CO., Ky., 53 
N. E. Frankfort, 521 W. 

CoLERALV, p-t., Franklin co., Mass., 101 w. by n. 
Boston, 411 W. Watered by a branch of Deer- 
field r., which affords water power. It is a fine 
grazing township, and has considerable manufac- 
tures. It contains 1 furnace ; 4 stores, cap. $8,000 ; 
1 fulling m., 3 cotton fac. 6,220 sp., 2 grist m., 4 
saw m., 17 sch. 769 scholars. Pop. 1,971. 

CoLERALX, t., Ross CO., O., in the n. e. corner 
of the county. Pop. 1,2S1. 

CoLERAiN, p-t., Lanca.ster co.. Pa., 69 s. e. 
Harrisburg, 104 W. It has 4 stores, cap. $8,200 ; 

1 furnace, 1 forge, 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 

2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 4 grist ra., 4 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $9,000. 7 sch. 240 scholars. Pop. 
1,453. 

CoLERAiN, t, Bedford co., Pa. It has 1 store, 
cap. $2,000; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 
1 pottery, 1 flowing m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $8,420. 1 sch. 30 scholars. Pop. 5,190. 

CoLERAiN, t, Hamilton co., O., 10 n. Cincin- 
nati. Tlie Great Miami river forms its western 
boundary. It has 3 sch. 19 scholars. Pop. 2,272. 
CoLERAiN, p-v., Bertie co., N. C, 176 e. by n. 
Raleigh, 248 W. Situated on the w. side of 
Chowan river. 

CoLERAiN, p-t., Belmont co., O., 126 e. Co- 
lumbus, 272 W. The surface is hilly, and the 
sod productive. I has 3 sch. 68 scholars. Pop. 
1,390. ^ 

CoLERAiN Forge, p-v., Huntingdon co., Pa., 
106 w. Harrisburg, 165 W. Situated on Spruce 
creek. 

Coles, county 111., situated in the e. part of 
the state, and contains 1,248 sq. ms. Organized 
in 1830. Drained by Kaskaskia and Embarrass 
rs., and by the heads of the Little Wabash river, 
which affords mill seats. It is moderately un- 
dulating, has extensive prairies, and much good 
land. Capital, Charleston. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 11,569, sheep 9,745, swine 
75,422; wheat 30,519 bush, prod., rye 1403 Ind 
corn 528,354, oats 61,722, hops 16,533 pounds 
sugar 10,858; 22 stores, cap. .$80,658; 3 tanne- 
ries, 4 distilleries, 1 flouring m., 11 grist m., 8 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $43,515. 19 gch. 545 
scholars. Pop. 9,616. 

Coles, C H., p-o., Charleston v., capital of 
Coles CO., 111., 96 e. s. e. Springfield, 688 W 
Situated 21; miles w. of Embarrass r. It has a 
court house, and several stores and dwellings 



Cole's Creek, p-o., Columbia co., Pa., 113 
N. N. E. Harrisburg, 224 W. 

Cole's Mill, p-o., Delaware co., O 

CoLESviLLE, p-t., Broome co., N. Y., 124 w. s. 
w. Albany, 306 W. The Susquehanna r. passes 
through it. The surface is generally hilly, ex- 
cepting fine alluvial flats along the river. The 
village has 1 Presbyterian church, 1 store, and 
about 15 dwellings. Pop. of the t. 2,528. It has 
2 stores, cap. $14,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 14 
saw m., 20 sch. 901 scholars. Pop. 2,528. 

College, t., Knox co., O. It has 3 sch. 125 
scholars. Pop. 232. 

College Corners, p-v., Butler co., O., 110 
Columbus, 507 W. It is in the n. w. comer of 
the countys on the margin of the state of la. It 
has 2 stores, and several mechanics, and a small 
village. 

College Hill, p-o., Lafayette co.. Miss., 166 
N. N. E. Jackson, 919 W. 

College Point, p-o., flushing t.. Queens 
CO., N. Y., 159 s. s. w. Albany, 239 W. It is the 
seat of St. Paul's College, an Episcopal institu- 
tion, pleasantly situated, commanding a fine view 
of Long Island sound. 

CoLLEGEviLLE, p-v.. Saline co.. Ark., 15 s. 
w. Little Rock, 1,080 W. 

Colleton, district, S. C, situated in the s. 
part of the state, and contains 2,100 sq. ms. The 
surface is entirely level, and the soil is produc- 
tive. The Combahee r. forms its s. w. boundary, 
and the Edisto passes through it. The Atlantic 
washes its s. e. border. Its principal productions 
are rice and cotton. Capital, Waterboro. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 3,595, sheep 8,975, swine 
35,443; wheat 3,763 bush, prod., Indian com 
325,825, oats 29,823, potatoes 178,990, rice 
5,483,533 pounds, cotton 420,910; 10 stores, cap. 
$9,700; 1 flouring m., 12 grist m., 13 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $30,800. 4 acad. 112 students, 
21 sch. 642 scholars. Pop. 1830, 27,256 ; 1840, 
whites 5,874, slaves 19,246, free col'd 428 ; total, 
25,478. 

Colleton, p-o., Fayette co., Tenn., 190 s. w. 
by w. Nashville, 875 W. 

Colletsville, p-v., Caldwell co., N. C, 213 
w. Raleigh, 419 W. 

Colliers, p-o., Edgefield dist., S. C, 91 w. 
Columbia, 569 W. 

Collierstown, p-o., Rockbridge co., Va., 155 
w. by N. Richmond, 195 W. Situated on Collier 
cr. m the w. part of the county, and has 8 or 10 
houses. 

CoLLiERSviLLE, po., Milford t., Otsego co., 
N. Y., 73 w. Albany, 355 W. 

CoLLiERsviLLE, p-0., Shelby co., Tenn. 

Colliery, p-o., Oglethorpe co., Ga., 77 n. 
Milledgeville, 601 W. 

Collie's Mill, p-o., Caldwell co., Ky., 247 
w. s. w. Frankfort, 779 W. 

Collins, p-t., Erie co., N. Y., 312 w. Albany, 
364 W. The surface is undulating or hilly, and 
the soil various. Drained by Cattaraugus cr., 
wliich runs on its s. border, and by branches of 
that creek. It has 1 furnace ; 9 stores, cap. 
$14,000 ; 1 fiilling m., 1 woollen factory, 2 tan- 
neries, 2 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$13,200; 21 sch. 898 scholars. Pop. 4,257. 

Collins Centre, p-o., Collins t., Erie co., 
N. Y. 

Collins Settlement, p-o., Lewis co., Va., 
296 w. N. w. Richmond, 264 W. 

Collins Cross Roads, p-o., Caroline co., Md., 
73e. AnnapoUs, 113 W. 

Collins Cross Roads, p-o., Colleton dist., S. 
C, 119 s. by E. Columbia, 608 W. 

CoLLiNsviLLE, p-v.. Canton t., Hartford co., 



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141 



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Ct., 15 w. by N. llartl'ord, 338 W. It is situated 
oa both sides of Farmington r., and is a flourish- 
ing munulactui-ing v., employed chiefly on edge 
tools, particularly axes, of which several hun- 
dred thousand are produced annually. CoUins's 
axes are extensively known. The village has 1 
church, a lyceum, and about 1,000 inhabitants. 

CoLLiNSViLLE, p-v.. West Turin t., Lewis co., 
N. Y., 123 N. w. Albany, 424 W. It contains 1 
church, an academy, 3 stores, 20 dwellings, and 
130 inhabitants. 

CoLLiNSViLLE, p-v., Huntingdon co.. Pa., 122 
w. by N. Harrisbui-g, 163 W. 

COLLINSVILLE, p-v., Milford t., Butler co., O., 
105 s. w. Columbus, 498 W. 



COLLINSVILLE, p-v., Madison co., 111., 86 s. by 
w. Springfield, 792 W. It has 1 Presbyterian 
church, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., and various mechan- 
ics. 

COLLINSVILLE, p-0., Lycoming co., Pa. 

Colon, p-t., St. Joseph co., Mich., 135 w. s. w. 
Detroit, 583 W. Pop. 420. 

CoLOssE, p-v., Mexico t., Oswego co., N. Y., 
149 w. N. w. Albany, 374 W. It contains 1 
church, 2 stores, and 25 dwellings. 

Colt's Neck, p-v., Shrewsbury t., Monmouth 
CO., N.J., 40 K. Trenton, 206 W. It contains 2 
stores, 3 grist m., 2 saw m., and about 20 dwell- 
ings, and is a place of considerable business. 

Columbia, r. (See Oregon Ter.) 



1820. 


1830. 


1840. 


13,247 


18,827 


23,364 


8,218 


8,263 


8,459 


7,360 


8,441 


7,312 



COLUMBIA, (DISTRICT OF) 

The District of Columbia is a tract of country 10 miles square, on both sides of the Potomac 
river, about 120 miles from its mouth, ceded to the United States by Virginia and Maryland, in 
1790, for the purpose of becoming the sea of government. It includes the cities of Washhigton, 
Alexandria, and Georgetown, and is under the immediate government of Congress. In 1800 the 
population was 14,093; in 1810,24,023; in 1820, 33,039; in 1830,39,858; in 1840, 43,712, of which 
30,657 were whites, 8,361 were free colored persons, and 4,694 were slaves. 

Employed in agricultm-e 384, in commerce 240, in manufactures and trades 2,278, navigating the 
ocean 126, do. canals and rivers 80, learned professions and engineers 203. 

Population of the Principal Towns. 

1800. 1810. 

Wasliington, . . . 3,210 8,208 

Alexandria, .... 4,196 7,227 

Georgetown, . . . 4,943 

The surface of the District is gently undulating, furnishing fine sites for its cities, and particularly 
Washington and its public buildings ; the soil is naturally sterile, but it possesses a fine, healthy 
climate. Agriculture is, of course, not an object of primarj^ attention, but the agricultural statistics 
in 1840, may be of some interest. There were 2,145 horses and mules, 3,274 neat cattle, 706 sheep, 
4,673 swine, poultry to the value of $3,092. There were produced 12,147 bushels of wheat, 294 
of barley, 15,751 of oats, 5,081 of rye, 272 of buckwheat, 39,485 of Indian com, 707 pounds of wool, 
12,035 bu.shels of potatoes, 1,331 tons of hay, 55,550 pounds of tobacco, 651 of silk cocoons. The 
products of the dairy were valued at $5,566, and of the orchard at $3,507. 

This district has become the centre of a considerable and active commerce, though it cannot at 
all compete with Baltimore, in its vicinity. Vessels of the largest class come up to Alexandria, 6 
miles below Washington, where the Potomac is a mile wide, and from 30 to 50 feet deep ; and 
vessels of a large size come up to the U. S. Navy Yard, at the junction of the East Branch with the 
Potomac, at Washington. A very considerable quantity of flour and other produce comes down the 
Potomac, and centres chiefly at Alexandria, and some at Georgetown. The chief business of 
W^ashinglon city has relation to the accommodation of the national legislature, and of the oflicers 
of the general government. 

The exports in 1840, were $753,923, and the imports were 119,852. There were 7 commercial 
and 2 commission houses in for trade, employing a capital of $310,000 ; 285 retail drygoods and 
other stores, cap. $2,701,890; 48 persons engaged in the lumber trade, with a capital of $140,000; 
527 persons were employed in the fisheries, with a capital of $61,500. There were produced home- 
made or family articles, to the amount of $1,500 ; 1 paper mill produced to the amount of $1,500 ; 
9 persons manufactured pottery to the amount of $6,200 ; hats and caps were manufactured to the 
amount of $47,200, employing 48 persons, and a capital of $22,100 ; 3 rope factories employed 31 
persons, and a capital of $24,925 ; 9 tanneries employing 72 persons, and a capital of $80,400 ; 7 
other manufactories of leather, as saddleries, &c., manufactured articles to the amount of $110,450, 
with a capital of $66,750; 11 persons manufactiu-ed confectionery to the amoimt of $7,500, with a 
capital of $2,800 ; 42 persons manufactured machinery to the amount of $60,300 ; 189 persons pro- 
duced bricks and lime to the amount of $151,500; 97 persons manufactured carriages and wagons 
to the amount of $59,535, with a capital of $38,550 ; 4 flouring mills manufactured 25,500 barrels 
of flour, and with other mills, employed 30 persons, and produced to the amount of $183,370, with 
a capital of $98,500 ; ships were built to the amount of $20,257 ; 190 persons manufactured furni- 
ture to the amount of $125,872, employing a capital of $85,000 ; 60 brick and 33 wooden houses 
built, employed 142 persons, and cost $168,910 ; 12 printing oflices, 10 binderies, 3 daily, 5 weeldy, 



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142 



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6 semi-weekly newspapers, and 3 periodicals, employed 276 persons, and a capital of $150,700. 
The whole amount of manufactures was $1,005,775. 

Georgetown College, a Catholic institution, was foimded in 1799. The Columbian College, under 
the direction of the Baptists, was founded in 1821. In these institutions there were in 1840, 224 
students ; there were in the district 26 academies and grammar schools, with 1,389 students, 29 
common and primary schools, with 851 scholars ; and 1,033 wliite persons, over 20 years of age, who 
could neither read or write. 

In 1836, the Presbyterians had 14 churches, 9 ministers, and 1,134 communicants ; the Episco- 
palians had 7 churches ; the Baptists had 5 churches, 4 ministers, and 533 communicants ; the 
Methodists had .several ministers ; the Roman Catholics 6 ministers ; the Friends 2 meetings ; and 
the Unitarians 1 minister. At the close of 1840, the debt of the district amounted to $1,500,000. 

A branch of the Chesapeake and Ohio canal terminates at Wasliington. The Alexandria canal 
is a continuation of the Chesapeake and Ohio canal, 7i ms. to Alexandria. 

The district is divided into two counties ; the county of Washington is on the n. side of the Po- 
tomac, and the county of Alexandria is on the s. side. In the former, the laws of Maryland are 
continued in force ; in the latter, those of Virginia. Tlie district has never been represented in 
the Congress of the United States. Congress, however, makes what laws it pleases for both ; it 
raeeUs annually at Washington, on the first Monday of December, unless otherwise provided by 
law. The President of the United States, and the other chief officers of the government, reside at 
Washington. The Supreme Court of the Uuited States sits here annually, on the second Monday 
in January. 

At the suggestion of Gen. Washington, this district was fixed on for the seat of government ; 
and in 1790 was ceded for that purpose to the United States, by Virginia and Maryland. The city 
of Washington was laid out on a broad scale in 1791, but its magnificent plan remains to a consid- 
erable extent in a state of nature, only a small portion of it having been built upon. In 1800, the 
seat of government was removed from Philadelpliia, and fixed permanently in this place. During 
the late war vdtli Great Britain, the capitol was partially, and most of the other public buildings 
entirely burned by the British ; but they have been rebuilt, with greater magnificence. 



Columbia, county, N. Y. Situated in the e. 
part of the state, bounded w. by Hudson r., and 
contains 624 sq. ms. Organized in 1786. The 
surface is uneven and hilly, in its e. part, but less 
so toward Hudson r. The soil is various, and 
some of it very rich, and highly cultivated. Iron 
ore is found, and a lead mine in the town of An- 
crara. Marble exists also, and oxide of manga- 
nese, peat, and marl. There are also many min- 
eral sprmgs. Those of New Lebanon are warm 
and much frequented. Watered by Kinderhook 
cr. in the n., Claverack and Copakc crs. in the 
centre, and Ancram or Roeliff Jansen's cr. on the 
s., which afford good water power. The Hudson 
and Berkshire railroad passes through the county. 
Capital, Hud.son. There were in 1840, neat cat- 
tle 32,699, sheep 123,063, swine 54,911; wheat 
28,249 bush, produced, rye 323,299, Indian corn 
412,0.32, barley 1,971, "oats 1,107,702, potatoes 
560,819 ; 1 commercial house in for. trade, cap. 
$14,000 ; 228 stores, cap. $679,200 ; 7 lumber yards, 
cap. $36,000 ; cap. invested in fisheries, $330,000 ; 
5 fumaces,2 forges, 28 fulhng m., 19 woollen fac, 
11 cotton fac. 18,256 sp., 10 tanneries, 2 distille- 
ries, 1 brewery, 12 flouring m., 39 grist m., 41 saw 
m., 4 paper fac, 4 printing offices, 1 bindery, 2 
periodicals, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in liian- 
ufac. $1,457,050. 11 acad. 909 students, 172 sch. 
10,074 scholars. Pop. 1830, 38,325 ; 1840, 43,252. 

Columbia, county, Pa. Situated centrally in 
the E. part of the state, and contains 700 sq. ms. 
Ihe E. branch of Susquehanna r. passes through 
It, and Fishing, Calawissa, Big Roaring and other 
creeks Ihe surface is broken and uneven, but 
the soil IS fertile. Capital, Danville. There were 
m 1840, neat cattle 13,525, sheep 22,181 swine 
19,474; wheat 214,426 bushels produced rve 
153,246, Ind. corn 205,400, buckwheat 50 584 
oats 223,373, potatoes 163,480, silk cocoons' 160 
pounds; 55 stores, cap. $335,100; 2 furnaces 7 
fulling m., 3 woollen lac, 23 tanneries, 12 distil- 
leries, 2 potteries 8 flouring m., 40 grist m. 74 



saw m., 1 oil m., 1 paper fac, 4 printing offices, 
3 weekly newspapers. Capital in manufactures, 
$266,487. 5 acad. 146 students, 87 sch. 2,902 
scholars. Pop. 1830, 20,049 ; 1840,24,267. 

Columbia, county, Ga. Situated in the e. part 
of the state, and contains 600 sq. ms. Savannah 
r. bovmds it on the n. e. The surface is undula- 
ting, and the soil is fertile. Capital, Applington. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 12,533, sheep 
6,343, swine 24,395 ; wheat 20,258 bush, produced, 
rye 874, Ind. com 403,796, oats 31,144, potatoes 
1(5,511, cotton 3,738,537 pounds ; value of gold pro- 
duced $4,000 ; 22 stores, cap. $59,900 ; 2 tanne- 
ries, 6 flouring m., 27 grist m., 13 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $65,0^90. 6 acad. 240 students, 7 sen. 
165 scholars. Pop. 1830, 12,606; 1840, whites 
3,920, slaves 7,313, free col'd 123; total, 11,356. 

Columbia, county, Hor. Situated in the n. part 
of the state, and is bounded w. by Suwanne r. 
and N. by the state of (Ta., and contains 4,320 sq. 
ms. The soil is generally barren, covered with 
pines. There is some good land in the n. e. part. 
St. Mary's river rises and flows in its n. e. part. 
Randolph lake, toward its n. part, is 7 ms. long 
and 5 wide, and discharges its waters into St. 
Mary's r. Gadsden's spring, on the bank of Lit- 
tle Suwanne r., is 60 feet across, and 35 or 40 
deep, and is celebrated for its medicinal proper- 
ties. Capital, Lancaster. There were m 1840, 
neat cattle 12,707, sheep 81, swine 7,199 ; Ind. corn 
35,975 bush, prod., potatoes 9,880, cotton 26,692 
pounds, sugar 2,000; 3 sch. 61 scholars. Pop 
wiiites 1,649, slaves 450, free col'd 3 ; total, 2,102. 

Columbia, p-t., Washington co.. Me., 15 w. 
Machias, 120 E. by n. Augusta. It has good mill 
seats, and considerable trade in lumber. It con- 
tains 5 stores, cap. $3,000 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanne- 
ries, 2 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,200. 
5 sch. 380 scholars. Pop. 843. 

CoLU-MBiA, p-t., Coos CO., N. H., 126 N. Concord, 
587 W. It has Coimecticut r. on its w. border, 
and several small mill streams which flow into it. 



COL 



143 



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The surface is uneven and mountainous. It has 
2 stores, cap. $1,800; 9 sch. 189 scholars. Pop. 
620. 

Columbia, p-t., Tolland co., Ct., 24 e. by s. 
Hartford, 355 W. The surface is uneven, and 
the soil gravelly, vscll adapted to grazing. Drain- 
ed by a branch of VVillimantic r., which afl'ords 
water power. Organized in 1800, previous to 
which, it belonged to Lebanon. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $4,220 ; 1 fulling m., 1 cotton fac. 288 sp., 2 
grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $13,300. 7 
sch. 283 sholars. Pop. 842. 

Columbia, p-t., Herkimer co., N. V., 75 w. by 
N. Albany, 379 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, 
calcareous and sandy loam. Drained by branch- 
es of Unadilla and Susquehanna rivers, and by 
other streams which flow n. into the Mohawk. 
It has 3 stores, cap. $4,650 ; 1 fulling m., 1 wool- 
len fac, 4 tanneries, 3 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $25,745. 13 sch. 420 scholars. Pop. 
2,129. 

Columbia, p-b., West Hempfield t., Lancaster 
CO., Pa., 30 s. E. Harrisburg, 102 W. Situated on 
the E. bank of tiie Susquehanna r., over which 
there is here a bridge 5,690 feet long, resting on 
stone piers. Incorporated in 1814. The Sus- 
quehanna canal connects it with Havre De Grace, 
at the mouth of the Susquehanna ; and the Co- 
lumbia and Philadelphia railroad passes tlirough 
the place. It has a town hall, a market-house, 8 
churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Luther- 
an, 1 Methodist, 1 Friends, 1 Roman Catholic, 
and 2 African — a bank, a Ubrary, an academy, 
and a weekly newspaper. The place is supplied 
with water in pipes, from some springs in the vi- 
cinity. Its trade with Philadelphia and Baltimore, 
in lumber, coal, iron, and produce, is considerable. 
Pop. 2,719. 

Columbia, p-v., Warren co., N. J., 71 n. by w. 
Trenton, 219 W. 

Columbia, t., Bradford co.. Pa. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $4.700 ; 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 1 grist m., 7 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,210. 13 sch. 325 
scholars. Pop. 1,421. 

Columbia, p-t., Jackson co., Mich., 74 w. De- 
troit, 534 W. It has 1 flouring m., 1 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $12,000. Pop. 952. 

Columbia, p-v., Fluvanna co., Va., 50 w. n. w. 
Richmond, 124 W. Situated on the n. bank of 
James r., at the mouth of the Rivanna r. It has 
1 church, several stores, various mechanics, and 
about 200 inhabitants, one half of whom are col'd 
persons. 

Columbia, p-v., capital of Tyrrell co., N. C, 
200 E. Raleigh, 324 W. It is situated on the e. 
side of Scoupernony cr., a little e. of its entrance 
into Albemarle sound. It contains a court house 
and several stores and dwellings. 

Columbia, p-v., capital of Richland dist., S. 
C, and of the state, is situated in 33° 57' n. lat., 
and 81° 7' w. Ion., and 4° w. Ion. from W., 35 s. 
w. Camden, 73 n. e. Augusta, 120 n. n. w. 
Charleston, 506 W. It is situated on the e. side 
of Congaree r., immediately below the junction of 
broad and Saluda rs. to form the Congaree. The 
land rises gradually from the r., where is a plain 
of 2 or 3 miles in extent, from which the ground 
slopes gradually on every side. On this plain 
the town is situated, and the situation is com- 
manding, having an extensive prospect. It was 
founded in 1787, and is regularly laid out, with 
streets crossing each other at right angles, and 
100 feet wide. It has a state house, 170 feet by 
60, 2 stories high, situated in the central part of 
the town, a court house, jail, market house, 2 
banks, 3 academies, 6 churches, 1 Baptist, 1 
Episcopal, 1 Methodist, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Ro- 



man Catbolic, 1 Unitarian. 'I'he village is sup- 
plied with pure water from springs, raised by 
steam power, and distributed in iron pipes. 
The houses, mostly of wood, but a considera- 
ble number of brick, are built witli elegance and 
taste. Large bo,its navigate the river at high 
floods. It is connected by a railroad with Charles- 
ton. Columbia is the seat of the South Caro 
Una College, a respectable institution, founded 
in 1804, which has a president and 8 profess- 
ors or other instructors, 168 students, and 13,000 
vols, in its libraries. The commencement is on the 
first Monday in December. The buildings of the 
institution are 7 in number, of brick, and regiilar- 
ly arranged, presenting an imposing aspect. Be- 
sides rooms for the students, and other college 
purposes, they include houses for the president 
and a number of professors. The buildings con- 
taining rooms for students are 2, each 210 feet 
long, 25 feet wide, and 3 stories high, standing 
opposite to each other, with the president's house 
at the head of the open space between them. 
Their narrowiiess allows of a very complete ven- 
tilation. On the top of another building, which 
contains the library and philosophical apparatus, 
is an observatory. This institution receives 
$15,000 annually from the state, besides $20(),(X)0 
which has been expended upon it. Pop. 3,500. 

Columbia, p-v., Henry co., Ala., 239 s. w. 
Tuscaloosa, 847 W. 

Columbia, p-v., capital of Marion co.. Miss., 
113 s. s. E. Jackson, 1,063 W. Situated on the e. 
bank of Pearl r. It contains a covirt house and 
a few dwellings. 

Columbia, p-v., capital of Chicot co.. Ark., 
142 s. E. Little Rock, 1,152 W. Situated on the 
w. side of the 3Iississippi r. It has a court house 
and a few dwellings. 

Columbia, p-v., capital of Maury co., Tenn., 
42 s. s. w. Nashville, 719 W. Situated on the 
s. bank of Duck river. It contains a court 
house, jail, 2 churches, several stores, and 1,200 
inhabitants. It is the seat of Jackson College, 
which was founded in 1830. It has at present 5 
professors, or other instructors, 100 students, and 
one thousand two hundred and fifty volumes in 
its libraries. 

Columbia, v., capital of Whitley co., la., situ- 
ated on the N. w. side of Blue r. 

Columbia, p-v., capital of Adair co., Ky., 98 
s. by w. Frankfort, 612 W. Situated on Russell's 
cr., a branch of Green r., and contains a court- 
house, jail. 2 churches, 1 college, 61 students, 1 
sch. 12 scholars. Pop. 486. 

Columbia, p-v., Fayette co., la., 55 e. Indian- 
apolis, 529 W. 

Columbia, p-v., Monroe co., 111., 107 w. by s. 
Springfield, 820 W. 

Columbia, p-t., capital of Boone co.. Mo., 36 
N. Jefferson city, 941 W. Situated on Roche 
Pierre r., a branch of the Mis.souri r. Pop. 3,365. 

Columbia, p-v., capital of Caldwell par.. La., 
273 N. w. New Orleans, 1,187 W. Situated on 
the w. side of Washita r. It has a court house, 
I or 2 stores, and a few dwellings. 

Columbia, t., Hamilton co., O., 6 e. Cincin- 
nati. It was the second place settled in Ohio. 
Founded in 1789. It has Little Miami r. on the 
s. e., and Ohio r. on the s. w. The soil is fertile. 
It has 7 sch. 256 scholars. Pop. 3,043. 

Columbia, t., Lorain co., O., situated in the 
extreme e. part of the co., lying on both sides of 
Rocky r., 12 s. e. Elyria, 20 s. w. Cleveland. It 
has 1 store, cap. $1,000; 1 grist ra., 6 saw m., 4 
sch. 114 scholars. Pop. 876. 

Columbia, t., Gibson co., O. It has 2 schools, 
40 scholars. Pop. 852. 



COL 



144 



COL 



Columbia, t., Meigs co., O., in the n. w. cor- 
ner of the county. Drained by the head waters 
of Leading creek, which flows into the Ohio. It 
has 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufactures 
$1,600; 7 sch. 161 scholars. Pop. 672. 

Columbia, t., Randolph co., Ark. It has 2 
schools, 40 scholars. Pop. 6S0. 

Columbia Furnace, p-v., Shenandoah co., 
Va., 157 N. w. Richmond, 111 W. 

Columbia Lake, p-o., Bridgewater t., Wash- 
tenaw county, Michigan, 50 w. by s. Detroit, 
526 W. 

Columbia Cross Roads, p-o., Bradford co.. 
Pa., 153 N. by e. Harrisburg, 260 W. 

Columbia, b., West Hempfield t., Lancaster 
CO., Pa. Pop. 2,716. 

Columbia, p-o., Columbiana co., O., 110 e. n. 
K. Columbus, 641 W. 

Columbia, river of the United States, flows 
into the Pacific ocean. (See Oregon Ter.) 

Columbiana, county, O., situated in the e. 
part of the state, bounded on the s. E. by the 
Ohio r., and contains 750 sq. ms. In the s. part 
it is broken and hilly, with a light soil. The 
northern and middle parts are more level, and 
are extremely productive. Common and water 
limestone are found in all parts; salt water is 
found in the s. part, and marl in the n., and iron 
ore in the middle. The climate is healthy, and 
the water pure. Watered by Little Beaver r. and 
its branches. The line of the Sandy and Beaver 
canal extends through the centre of the county. 
Capital, New Lisbon. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 24,810, sheep 88,747, swine 26,650 ; wheat 
445,8.S4 bushels produced, rye 30,737, Ind. corn 
336,857, buckwheat 32,058, barley 3,984, oats 
463,430, potatoes 132,611, sugar 25,211 pounds; 
bituminous coal 163,000 bushels, salt 5,400; 5 
commission houses in for. trade, cap. $.30,000; 
114 stores, cap. §406,150; 1 lumber yard, cap. 
$1,000 ; 3 furnaces, 10 fulling m., 8 woollen fac, 
29 tanneries, 8 distilleries, 2 breweries, 5 pot- 
teries, 45 flouring m., 28 grist m., 72 saw m., 2 oil 
m., 1 paper fac, 3 printing offices, 3 weekly 
newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $346,737. lacad. 
140 students, 114 sch. 2,421 scholars. Pop. 1830, 
35,508 ; 1840, 40,378. 

Columbiana, p-v., capital of Shelby county, 
Ala., 73 E. Tuscaloosa, 781 W. Situated 7 ms. 
w. of Coosa r. It has a court house and a few 
dwellings. 

Columbian Grove, p-o., Lunenburg co., Va., 
101 Richmond, 218 W. 

Columbian Inn, p-o., Stokes co., N. C, 117 
Raleigh, 328 W. 

Columbiana, in Fairfield t., Columbiana co., 
O. It has 1 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 273. 

Columbiaville, p-o., Martin co., la., 110 s s 
w. Indianapolis, 641 W. 

Columbiaville, v., Stockport t., Columbia 
CO., N. \ ., situated half a mile e. of Hudson r., at 
tne junction of Claverack and Kinderhook creeks. 
Incorporated in 1812. It contains 2 stores, 2 cot- 
i°" .^=\c-,with 500 sp., 60 dwellings, and about 
6(X) mhabitants. 

Columbus, co., N. C, situated in the s. part of 
the state, and contains 525 sq. ms. The surface is 
level, and some of it marshy. Capital, Whites- 

""t ^l}^'^ ^''^'^ >" l^^O' neat cattle 8,554, 
sheep 5,600 swine 17,406 ; wheat 1,366 bushels 
produced, Ind. com 79,155, potatoes 49,282, rice 
^,627 pounds, cotton 24,035; 5 stores can 
$10,000; 31 tanneries, 14 grist m., 3 saw m' 
Cap. in manufac. $12,496. 1 sch. 15 scholars' 
Pop 1830, 4,141; 1840, whites 2,799, skves 
1,086, free col'd 56; total, 3,941. 
Columbus, p-t., Chenango co., N. ¥. 98 w. 



Albany, 353 W. The surface is hilly and some 
broken, and the soil clay and sandy loam. Wa- 
tered by Unadilla r. and its tributaries. The v. 
has 1 church, 2 stores, 1 tannery, and 20 dwell- 
ings. There are in the t., 2 stores, cap. $24,500; 
7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,031. 15 sch. 497 
scholars. Pop. 1,561. 

Columbus, p-v., Mansfield t., Burlington co., 
N. J , 12 s. by e. Trenton, 163 W. It has 1 store 
and about 30 dwellings, surrounded by a fertile 
country. 

Columbus, .po., Warren co., Pa. 

Columbus, city, and capital of Franklin co., 
O., and of the state, 139 s. w. Cleveland, 110 n. e. 
Cincinnati, 175 s. Detroit, Mich., 184 s. w. Pitts- 
burg, Pa., 393 W. It is in 39° 47' n. lat., and 83° 3' 
w. Ion., and 6° w. Ion. from W. It is situated on the 
E. bank of Scioto r., immediately below the con- 
fluence of Wlietstone r. When this place was 
fixed on as the seat of the legislature, in 1812, it 
was an entire wilderness. The land rises gradu- 
ally from the river, and the streets cross each 
other at right angles. Broad-street extends from 
the bridge along the national road, a little s. of e. 
on the N. side of the public square of 10 acres, to 
the E. limit of the city, and is 120 feet wide. High- 
street, 100 feet wide, crosses Broad-street at the 
N. w. corner of the public square, at right angles, 
and passes through the city in that direction. 
This is the principal business street of the city, 
and is gravelled, and the side-walks are paved. 
All the other streets are 88 feet wide, and the al- 
leys 33 feet wide. A convenient wharf, 1,300 
feet long, has been erected along the margui of 
the r. The public buildings are, a state house on 
the s. w. corner of the public square, a brick edi- 
fice, 75 by 50 feet, of two lofty stories, with 
a steeple 106 feet high. From the balcony, a 
beautiful view of the city, and of the surround- 
ing country, is presented. Immediately n. of 
the state house is a building for the public of- 
ficers of the state, 150 by 25 feet. Still further 
N., in a line with the others, is the federal court 
house. There are 5 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 
1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Ger- 
man Lutheran. Several of these churches are 
elegant buildings. The state penitentiary is a 
spacious and elegant edifice, on the bank of the 
Scioto, half a mile n. of the centre of the city. 
The asylum for the deaf and dumb is a brick edi- 
fice, 50 by 80 feet, 3 stories high, half a mile e. 
of the state house, with handsome Doric porti- 
coes. There is a lunatic asylum, an institution 
for the blind, a Gennan Lutheran theological 
seminary, a fine banking house of stone, with a 
Doric portico of stone. The private houses are 
neat and substantial, and some of them elegant. 
The national road passes through the place, and 
a canal of 1 1 miles in length connects it with the 
Ohio canal. A bridge across the Scioto connects 
the place with Franklinton. There were in 1840, 
in Columbus, and Montgomery t., in which it is 
situated, 3 commission and 4 commercial houses 
in foreign trade, cap. $63,000 ; 58 retail stores, 
cap. $319,750 ; 3 lumber yards, cap. $12,000 ; 5 
tanneries, 2 distilleries, 3 breweries, 1 pottery, 
4 printing offices, 3 binderies, 1 daily, 3 weekly, 
1 semi-weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac 
$257,850. Pop. 6,048. 

Columbus, p-t., St. Clair co., Mich., 37 n. e. 
Detroit, 561 W. It has 2 stores, cap. $3,200 ; 1 
tannery, 1 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $2,800. 2 
sch. 43 scholars. Pop. 155. 

Columbus, city, p-v., capital of Muscogee co., 
Ga., 124 w. s. w. Milledgeville, 757 W. Situ- 
ated on the E. bank of Chattahoochee r., at the 
head of steamboat navigation, immediately below 



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145 



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the falls on the r., which descends 111 feet in the 
distance of 4 miles above. It is 300 miles above 
its junction with Flint r., and 430 above the Ap- 
palachicola bay. The river, just below the falls, 
is only 354 feet wide, but soon widens to 250 
yards. The town is elevated 60 feet above the 
ordinary height of the r., and covers 1,200 acres. 
Two streets running parallel with the r., exactly 
N. and s., are 165 feet wide ; six others are 132 ft. 
wide. These are intersected by 12 other streets, 
at right angles, which are 99 feet vdde. It con- 
tains a splendid court house, a jail, a market 
house, 5 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 
1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, and 1 Roman Catholic — 
100 stores, about 700 dwellings. ITiere is a flour- 
ing mill in the immediate vicinity, and various 
mills and manufactories on the r. above. From 
13 to 15 steamboats navigate the r., and steam- 
boats ply to New Orleans. A steamboat requir- 
ing 5 feet of water can come to the place at any 
season. A bridge here crosses the Chattahoochee 
r., which cost i5;30,000. It was laid out in 1828, 
and its growth has been rapid, and it is still in- 
creasing. Pop. 1842, about 4,000. There were 
in 1840, 6 for. commission houses, cap. $80,000 ; 
106 ret. stores, cap. $473,000 ; 3 printing offices, 
3 weekly newspapers, and 1 periodical. Cap. in 
manufac. $39,8(K). 1 acad. 20 students, 5 schools, 
124 scholars. Pop. 3,114. 

Columbus, city and capital of Lowndes co.. 
Miss., 141 N. E. Jackson, 885 W. SiUiated on 
the E. bank of the Tombigbee, 120 feet above 
the r., and at the head of steamboat navigation. 
It contains a courthouse, jail, 2 banks, an acade- 
my, a female seminary, a theatre, a U. S. land 
office, a market-house, 5 churches— 1 Presbyte- 
rian, 1 Cumberland do., 1 Baptist, 1 Episcopal, 
and 1 Methodist — 2 warehouses, 2 printing offi- 
ces, 2 weekly newspapers, and a bridge across 
the Tombigbee, which cost $50,000. Pop. 4,000. 

Columbus, p-V., Hempstead co., Ark., 119 s. 
w. Little Rock, 1,184 W. 

Columbus, p-v., Polk co., Tenn., 170 e s. e. 
Nashville, 570 W. Situated on n. side of Hia- 
wassee r. 

Columbus, p-v., capital of Ballard co., Ky., 110 
s. w. by w. Frankfort, 837 W. Situated on the 
E. bank of the Mississippi r., 25 miles below the 
mouth of the Ohio r. 

Columbus, p-v., Adams co., HI., 101 w. Spring- 
field, 878 W. 

Columbus, p-v., capital of Bartholomew co., 
la., 41 s. s. E. Indianapolis, 579 W. Situated on 
the E. side of the East Fork of White r. It con- 
tains a court house, 4 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 

1 Methodist, 1 Christian, and 1 Roman Catholic — 
an academy, 7 stores, and abo\it 600 inhabitants. 
There are in the t., 5 sch. 347 scholars. Pop. 2,438. 

Columbus, t., Warren co.. Pa. It has 4 stores, 
cap. $6,000 ; 1 furnace, 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 

2 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $33,127. 
9 sch. 261 scholars. Pop. 1,169. 

CoLvixs, p-o., Wachitta par., La., 358 n. n. w. 
New Orleans, 1,228 W. 

CoLviiv's Tavern, p-o., Culpepper co., Va., 
100 N. N. w. Richmond, 86 W. 

Co.m.\n's Well, p-o., Sussex co., Va., 48 s. s. 
E. Richmond, 167 W. It was some time since a 
watering place, but has gone to decay. It has a 
store and several dwellings. 

Comfort, p-o., Jones co., N. C, 119 s. e. Ra- 
leigh, 349 W. 

Com.\c, p-v., Smithto\vn t., Suffolk co., N. Y., 
187 s. by E. Albany, 267 W. It contains 2 church- 
es, a store, and about 20 dwellings. 

Commerce, p-t., Oakland co., Mich., 35 n. w. 
Detroit, 559 W. It has 2 stores, cap. $4,375 ; 1 
19 



flouring m., 1 grist m., 3 saw m., 6 sch. 158 scho- 
lars. Pop. 939. 

Co.MMERCE, p-v., Wilson CO., Tenn., 48 e. n. 
E. Nashville, 649 W. 

Commerce, p-v.. Tunica county. Miss., 211 n. 
Jackson, 950 W. Situated on the e. bank of the 
Mississippi r. Its progress has been very rapid. 
It has a number of stores and dwellings. A rail- 
road connects it with Hernando. 

Corimerce, p-v., Scott CO., Mo., 230 s. e. Jef- 
ferson city, 863 W. Situated on the w. bank of 
the Mississippi r. It has several stores and dwel- 
lings. 

Commettsburg, p-o., Washington co., Pa. 

Commons, p-o., Newport co., R. I., 34 s. Provi- 
dence, 430 W. 

CoMO, p-o., Whitesides co., 111., 180 n. Spring- 
field, 843 W. 

CoMSTocK, p-v., Kalamazoo co., Mich., 137 w. 
Detroit, 601 W. Situated on the n. bank of Kal- 
amazoo r. It has 1 flouring m., 2 saw m., 1 store. 
The t. has 1 grist m., 4 saw m., 7 sch. 216 schol- 
ars. Pop. 624. 

Comstock's Landing, p-o.. Fort Ann town, 
Washmgton co., N. Y., 66 n. Albany, 436 W. 

Co.NcoRn, p-t., Somerset co.. Me., 54 n. Au- 
gusta, 648 W. It lies on the w. side of Kenne- 
bec r. Incorporated in 1821. The soil is fertile. 
It has 2 saw m., 9 sch. 234 scholars. Pop. 577. 

Concord, p-t., capital of Merrimac co., and of 
the state of N. H., lies on both sides of the Mer- 
rimac r., in 43° 12' 29" n. lat., 71° 29' w. Ion., 65 
N. N. w. Boston, Mass., 146 s. av. Augusta, Me., 
97 s. K. Montpelier, Vt., 153 n. e. Albany, N. Y., 
481 W. There are here 2 bridges across the 
Merrimac. The v., containing 200 houses, is on 
the w. side of the river, and extends nearly 2 ms. 
between the bridges. There are also 2 other 
small villages in the town. Through Concord r., 
which is made navigable for boats, by dams, locks, 
and canals, and the Middlesex canal, and a rail- 
road recently finished, a communication is form- 
ed with Boston, where its extensive trade centres. 
There are 5 churches, and a court house, jail, &c. 
The state house is an elegant structure of hewn 
granite, 126 by 49 feet, with a projection in the 
centre of 4 feet on each front ; it cost §80,000. 
The state prison is a solid structure of granite, 
70 by 36 feet, surrounded by a high stone wall. 
The falls in the Merrimac, and the locks at this 
place, create a vast water power. There were 
in 1840, 36 stores, cap. $149,900 ; hardware and 
cutlery produced, $10,810; 1 fulling m., 1 wool- 
len fac, cap. $12,000 ; 3 tanneries, cap. $5,000 ; 
2 potteries, 4 grist m., 13 saw m., 1 paper fac; 10 
prmting oflSces, 5 binderies, 6 weekly newspapers, 
1 periodical, cap. $48,950. Capital in manufac. 
$197,000. 1 acad. 180 students, 28 sch. 1,180 
scholars. Pop. 4,897. 

Concord, p-t., Essex co., Vt., 47 N. e. Montpe- 
lier, 556 W. It lies on the w. bank of Connecti- 
cut r. A branch of Pasunisic r. waters it in the 
N. w., and 2 beautiful ponds discharge their wa- 
ters into Connecticut r. It is a good grazing t. 
It has 2 stores, cap. $2,500; 1 fulling nL, 8 saw 
m., 1 oil ra. Cap. in manufac. $900. Popula- 
tion 1,024. 

Concord, p-t., semi-capital of Middlesex co., 
Mass., 17 n. w. Boston, 445 W. Concord r. 
passes through it. The soil is various, but gene- 
rally fertile. The v. contains a courthouse, jail, 
a bank, 2 Congregational churches, and about 80 
dwellings. Here on the 19th of April, 1775, 
was made the first forcible resistance to British 
aggression. A handsome marble monument has 
lately been erected, to mark the spot where the 
first enemy fell in the war of the revolution. 



CON 



146 



CON 



It has 5 stores, cap. $19,000 ; 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 
2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. 
ill manufac. $1,550. 1 acad. 85 students, 10 sell. 
325 scholars. Pop. 1,784. 

Concord, t., Erie co., N. Y., 25 s. Buffalo, 282 
w. Albany. The surface is hilly ; soil, clay loam. 
Watered by Cattaraugus or. It has 10 stores, 
cap. $13,300 ; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 fur- 
nace, 2 tanneries, 2 grist m. 7 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $23,300. 21 sch. 1,104 scholars. Pop. 
3,021. 

Concord, p-v., Sussex co., Del., 46 s. Dover, 
123 W. Situated on the head of Broad cr., a 
branch of Nanticoke r. 

Concord, p-v., Franklin co.. Pa., 72 w. Har- 
risburg, 122 W. Situated at the head of Tusca- 
rora cr. 

Concord, t., Erie co.. Pa. The surface is hilly ; 
soil, gravelly loam, adapted to gi-azing. Drained 
by tributaries of P'rench and Broken Straw crs. 
It has 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 2 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,250. 6 sch. 225 
scholars. Pop. 652. 

Concord, t., Delaware co., Pa., 20 w. Phila- 
delphia. Watered by Pamter's cr., a branch of 
Chester cr., which affords water power. It con- 
tains 1 Episcopal and 1 Friends' church. It has 
1 store, cap. $800 ; 1 saw ra. Cap. in manulac. 
$23,500. 3 sch. 105 scholars. Pop. 1,057. 

Concord, p-t.. Lake co., O., 177 n. e. Colum- 
bus, 345 W. It has 3 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 2 
grist m., 7 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $800. 12 
sch. 500 scliolars. Pop. 1,136. 

Concord, p-v., Campbell co., Va., 102 w. by s. 
Richmond, 188 W. 

Concord, p-v., capital, Cabarrus co., N. C, 139 
w. s. w. Raleigh, 376 W. Situated on vv. side 
of Big Coldwater cr., a branch of Rocky r. It 
has 3 churches — 1 Lutheran, 1 Methodist, and 1 
Presbyterian — 1 academy, a court house, 5 stores, 
1 cotton fac, cap. $35,000 ; 50 dwellings, and 
about 350 inhabitants. 

Concord, p-v., Tippecanoe co,, la., 63 n. w. 
Indianapolis, 621 W. 

Concord, p-v.. Baker county, Ga., 154 a. s. w. 
Milledgeville, 811 W. 

Concord, p-v., Lewis co., Ky., 104 e. n. e. 
Frankfort, 483 W. Situated on s. bank of the 
Ohio r. 

Concord, p-t, Jackson co., Mich., 84 w. by s. 
Detroit, 556 W. The v. is situated on Kalama- 
zoo r., and has 2 stores and a large flouring mill. 
The situation is pleasant, the water power exten- 
sive, and the country around is fertile and llour- 
ishmg. It has 1 store, cap. $10,000; 1 flouring 
m., 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufactures, 
$23,250. 1 sch. 43 scholars. Pop. 814. 

Concord, p-v., White co., Ill, 191 s. e. Spring- 
field, 759 W. ^ ^ 
Concord, p-v., Lincoln co., Tenn., 78 s. Nash- 
ville, 713 W. 

Concord, p-v., Callaway co.. Mo., 35 n. e. 
Jefferson city, 920 W. 

Concord, t., Washington co., Mo. It has 1 
sch. 29 scholars. Pop. 597. 

Concord, t.. Green co.. Ark. Pop 256 
Concord, t. Ross co., O. Paint cr. crosses 
the middle of the t. Pop. 2,549 

Concord t.. Champaign co.,'o. It has 2 saw 
m., 3 sch. 65 scholars. Pop. 935. 

Concord, t., Delaware co., O. Pop 1 185 
Concord, t.. La Fayette co., O. It has2 stores 
cap. $2,2(X) ; 7 sch. 140 scholars. Pop 1 014 ' ' 
Concord, t Highland co., O. It haU sch. 
161 scholars. Pop. 1,014. 

Concord, t., Miami co., O. Tlie Miami canal 
passes through it from s. to n., and the Miami r. 



forms its E. boundary. It has 18 store.s, capital 
$107,000 ; 2 tanneries, 3 breweries, 3 pruithig of- 
fices, 1 bindery, 2 weekly newspapers, 1 periodi- 
cal, 3 flouring ra., 3 grist m., 3 saw ra. Cap. in 
manufac. $38,350. 6 sch. 367 scholars. Pop. 1,034. 
Concord Academy, p-o., Caroline co., Va^ 
56 N. Richmond, 75 W. 

Concord Centre, p-o., Concord t., Erie co^ 
N. Y., 393 w. Albany, 359 W. 

Concordia, lake. La. At seasons of liigh flood 
the water from the Mississippi flows into it, through 
a small bayou, and passes off into Bayou Tensas. 
It was evidently, in former tiraes, the bed of the 
Mississippi river. 

Concordia, p-v., Fayette co., Tenn., 199 s. w. 
by w. Nashville, 888 W. It contams about 75 
inhabitants. 

Concordia, p-o., Harrison t., Dark co., O., 105 
w. by N. Columbus, 501 W. 

Concordia, parish. La. Situated in the e. 
part of the state, and lies between the Mississippi 
r. E., Tensas r. w., and Red r. s. It is long and 
narrow, and contains 1,300 sq. ms. The surface 
is level, and much of it liable to submersion, except 
narrow strips which border the streams. The soil 
is exceedingly fertile, covered, in its natural state, 
with a heavy growth of timber. The chief arti- 
cle of production is cotton. Capital, Vidalia. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 10,683, sheep 
1,534, swine 11,613 ; Ind. corn 301,781 bush, prod., 
oats 4,032, potatoes 21,486, cotton 19,190,600 
pounds ; 1 store, cap. $1,500 ; 9 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $31,000. 3 sch. 49 scholars. Pop. 1830, 
4,662 ; 1840, whites 1,380, slaves 8,003, free col'd 
31 ; total, 9,414. 

Concordville, p-v., Delaware co., Pa., 83 e. 
s. E. Harrisburg, 117 W. 

CoNESciiEAGUE, cr., rises m Pennsylvania, by 
2 branches wliich unite 3 ms. n. of Maryland line, 
and it passes through Maryland, and falls into the 
Potomac at Williamsport. 

Conecuh, river, rises in Alabama, and runs 
through Florida, into Pensacola bay. Two ms. 
below the Florida line, it receives the Escambia, 
the name of which it afterward assumes, though 
of inferior size. It is navigable for upwards of 
KX) ms., but the country is poor. 

Conecuh, county, Ala. Situated in the s. part 
of the state, and contains 1,531 sq. ms. Watered 
by Conecuh river and its branches. The soil is 
moderately good, and the chief production, cotton. 
Capital, Sparta. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
22,269, sheep 2,737, swine 27,271 ; wheat 1,847 
bush, produced, Ind. com 237,025, oats 6,132, po- 
tatoes 30,050, rice 2,845 pounds, cotton 700,019; 
9 stores, cap. $23,000 ; 20 grist ra., 19 saw mills. 
Cap. in manufac. $35,550. 2 acad. 146 students, 
9 schools, 151 scholars. Pop. 1830, 7,444 ; 1840, 
whites 4,376, slaves 3,817, free col'd 4 ; total, 8,197. 
CoNEDOGWiNiT, crcek. Pa., after a course of 
80 ms., falls uito the Susquehanna, 2 ms. above 
Harrisburg. 

CoNEMAUGH, T., Pa., riscs in the Alleghany 
mts., and runs w. N. w. into the Alleghany r., 29 
N. N. E. Pittsburg. In the lower part of its course, 
it takes the name of Kiskeminetas. It has salt 
works on both its banks, 15 n. e. Greensburg. 
The Pennsylvania canal passes along its border, 
from Johnstown until it enters into the Alleghany. 
Its length is about 150 ms. 

CoNEMAUGH, t., Cambria co.. Pa., 15 s. w. Eb- 
ensburg. The surface is hilly ; soil, clay and 
calcareous loam. Little C'onemaugh r. and Stone 
cr. unite in the w. part of thet., at Johnstown, to 
form Conemaugh r. It has 2 lumber yards, cap. 
$1,000 ; 2 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$930. 9 sch 439 scholars. Pop. 1,288. 



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CoNEMAUGH, t., Indiana co., Pa. The surface 
is hilly ; soil, a fertile loam. Drained by Black- 
legs cr. Salt is found on the banks of the Cone- 
maugh r., which runs on its s. and s. w. border. 
It has 6 stores, cap. $4,250 ; 1 fulling m., 1 wool- 
len fac, 2 tanneries, 4 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $7,320. 5 sch. 337 scholars. Pop. 
1,441. 

CoNEWAGO, t., York co.. Pa. It has 4 stores, 
cap. $2,900 ; 1 tannery, 3 distilleries, 3 grist m., 3 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,100. Pop. 1,068. 

CoNEWAGO Creek, r., rises in Adams co.. Pa., 
and falls into the Susquehanna, opposite to Bain- 
bridge, after a course of 40 ms. 

CoNEvvAGO, t., Adams co.. Pa. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $2,700 ; 2 distilleries, 1 pottery, 4 Houring 
m., 5 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,150. 
1 sch. 30 scholars. Pop. 899. 

CoNEWAGO Creek, Pa., runs w. s. w., and af- 
ter a course of 15 ms., enters the Susquehanna r. 
5 ms. below Middletown. 

CoNEWANGO Creek, N. Y., rises in Chau- 
tauque and Cattaraugus counties, receives the 
outlet of Chautauque lake, and flows s. into the 
Alleghany r. It furnishes, in high water, a good 
descending navigation for boats and rafts. 

CoNEWANGO, p-t., Cattaraugus co., N. Y., 316 
w. by s. Albany, 338 W. The surface is eleva- 
ted and rolling ; soil, fertile. Drained by Cone- 
wango and Little Conewango creeks. It has 2 
stores, cap. $900 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. 
Cap in manufac. $2,800. 9 schools, 414 scholars. 
Pop. 1,317. 

Conewango, t., Warren co., Pa. Alleghany 
r. runs on its s. border. The surface is uneven ; 
soil, fertile, particularly on the r. Watered by 
Conewago cr., at the mouth of which, in this t., 
is Warren b., the capital of the co. It has 1 ful- 
ling m., 1 tannery, 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$1U,500. 9 sch. 311 scholars. Pop. 858. 

CoNEWiNGo, p-v., Cecil CO., Md., 73 N. E. An- 
napolis, 83 W. Situated on a creek of the same 
name, near its entrance into the Susquehanna. 

CoNEQUENESSiNG, t., Butler CO., Pa., 10 w. But- 
ler. The surface is rolling ; soil, loam, clay, and 
gravel. Watered by Conequenessing, Break Neck, 
and Yellow crs. It contains 7 churches. Set- 
tled chiefly by Germans and Irish, and their de- 
scendants. It has 10 stores, cap. $26,900 ; 2 ful- 
ling m., 5 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 1 pottery, 9 
grist m., 11 saw m., 2 oil m. Cap. in manufac. 
$67,145. 13 sch. 600 scholars. Pop. 2,698. 

CoNEauE.NEssiNG, cr.. Pa., enters the Mahon- 
ing r. 12 ms. from its mouth. 

CoNESTOGA r., Lancaster co.. Pa., runs s. w. 
into the Susquehanna, 10 ms. below Columbia. 

CoNESTOGA, t., Lancaster co.. Pa., 5 s. Lan- 
caster. It has 7 stores, cap. $21,700 ; 2 forges, 2 
tanneries, 1 distillery, 4 flouring m., 4 grist ra., 4 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,000. 8 sch. 280 
scholars. Pop. 2,886. 

CoNESus, t., Livingston county, N. Y., 10 s. e. 
Geneseo, 221 w. by s. Albany. The surface is 
hilly; soil, but moderately fertile. It lies be- 
tween Conesus and Hemlock lakes. It has 2 
stores, cap. $7,000 ; 1 fuUing m., 1 tannery, 1 grist 
m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,000. 10 sch. 
337 scholars. Pop. 1,654. 

CoNESviLLE, t., Schoharie co., N. Y., 20 s. 
Schoharie, 42 s. w. Albany. The surface is hilly ; 
soil, sandy loam. Watered by Manor Kill, a 
branch of Schoharie creek. It has 3 stores, cap. 
$3,000 ; 3 tanneries, 2 grist m., 1 1 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $25,500. 12 sch. 507 scholars. Pop. 
1,621. 

CoNGAREE, r., S. C, is formed by the union of 
Broad and Saluda rivers at Columbia, and after 



a course of 30 ms., unites with the Wateree, to 
form Santee r. 

CoNGRES.s, t., Richland co., O. Drained by 
the head streams of the e. branch of Whetstone 
r. Pop. 1,248. 

Congress, p-t., Wayne co., O., 105 n. e. Co- 
lumbus, 356 W. It lies on Killbuck cr. Pop. 
2,006. 

Conhocton, t., Steuben co., N. Y., 18 n. w. 
Bath, 225 w. by s. Albany. The surface is hilly ; 
tlie soil, a moist clay loam. Drained by Conhoc- 
ton cr. It has 4 stores, cap. $16,000 ; 1 fulling 
m., 2 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufactures, 
$8,775. Pop. 2,965. 

Conhocton, r., N. Y., rises in Steuben co., 
and unites with Tioga r., near Painted Post, to 
form Chemung r. It affords fine mill seats, and 
is navigable from Bath in high water, for rafts 
and arks. It is 55 ms. long. 

CoNKLiN, p-t, Broome co., N. Y., 5 s. e. Bing- 
hamton, 145 w. s. w. Albany, 304 W. The sur- 
face is uneven, with a deep valley, through which 
the Susquehanna r. flows. It has 1 store, capital 
$2,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $195. 13 schools, 124 scholars. Pop. 
1,475. 

CoNNEAUT, t., Crawford co., Pa., 12 w. Mead- 
vUle. The surface is rolling ; soil, gravelly. 
Conneaut lake lies near it. It has 3 stores, cap. 
$4,000; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 3 
grist m., 6 saw m. Capital in manufac. $15,900. 
Pop. 1,534. 

Conneaut, t., Erie co.. Pa., 15 s. Erie. The 
surface is hilly ; soil, gravel and loam. Con- 
neaut lake lies a little s. e. of the centre, through 
which Conneaut cr. flows. It has 1 store, cap. 
$2,000 ; 1 lulling m., 1 grist m., 3 saw m., 14 sch. 
524 scholars. Pop. 1,796. 

Conneaut, p-t., Ashtabula co., O., 220 n. e. 
Columbus, 341 W. It lies in the n. e. comer of 
the state. It has a forge, 6 flouring m., and 8 
saw m. The v. is situated at the entrance of 
Conneaut cr. into Lake Erie, on which it has a 
harbor. It has 3 churches, 24 stores, and exten- 
sive exports of lumber, grain, pork, beef, flour, 
butter, cheese, &c. Considerable shipping is 
ov\Tied at this place. It has 1 acad., 13 sch. 805 
scholars. Pop. 2,642. 

CoNNEAUTViLLE, p-v., Beavert., Crawford co.. 
Pa., 251 N. w. by vv. Ilanisburg, 324 W. It con- 
tains 1 store, a mill, and several dwellhigs. 

Connecticut, r., the largest in New England, 
has its source in the highlands on the n. border 
of New Hampshire, and its w. branch forms 
the boundary, by treaty, between the U. States 
and Canada, to the 43° of n. lat. Its general 
course is s. by w., and dividing New Hampshire 
and Vermont, it passes through the western part 
of Massachusetts, and the central part of Con- 
necticut; and below Middletown, proceeding in a 
s. s. E. direction, it enters Long Island Sound, be- 
tween Saybrook and Lyme. Its whole length 
is about 410 miles ; and it flows through a fine 
country, and passes many flourishing towns. On 
its borders in New Hampshire, are Haverhill, 
Hanover, Charlestown, and Walpole ; in Ver- 
mont, Newbury, Windsor, and Brattleboro' ; in 
Massachusetts, Greenfield, Hadley, Northamp- 
ton, and Springfield ; and in Connecticut, Hart- 
ford, Middletown, and Haddam. It is navigable 
for vessels drawing 10 feet of water to Middle- 
town, and for vessels drawing 8 feet of water to 
Hartford, the head of sloop navigation. Above 
this, it is navigable for boats carrying 10 or 12 
tons in descending, and two thirds as much in as- 
cending, passing a number of falls and rapids in 
canals around them, and towed by small steam 



CON 



148 



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towboats, to the mouth of Wells r. in Newbury, 
Vt., a distance of 250 ms. above Hartford. Im- 
mediately above this, are the Fifteen IMile Falls. 
The whole descent of the river between Han- 
over, N. H., and Enfield, Ct., is 371 feet, of which 
218 have been overcome Ijy locks ; at South 
Hadley 50 feet. Nutter's Falls 71, Bellows' Falls 
48i, Water Quechee 12i, and White r. 36 feet. 
At Enfield is also a fall of 5 or 6 feet, around 
which is a canal 5^ ms. in length. The principal 
tributaries of the Connecticut are, in New Hamp- 
shire, the Upper and Lower Ammonoosuc, Sugar, 
and Ashuelot rs. ; in Vermont, Pasumsic, Wells, 
White, Quechee, Black, Williams, and West rs. ; 
in Massachusetts, Miller's, Deerfield, Chickopee, 
and Westfield rs. ; and in Connecticut, Farming- 
ton r. There are numerous bridges over the | 



Comiecticut, the lowest of which is at Hartford, 
Ct. In some places the banks of tliis river are 
rough and precipitous ; but through a considera- 
ble part of its course, there are intervals on each 
side, from half a mile to 5 miles wide, but little 
raised above the surface of the river, portions of 
which are annually overflowed, and thus enrich- 
ed, and which have great fertility. Besides the 
steam towboats, there are steam passage boats, 
which ply between Hartford and Springfield, and 
several steamboats of a larger size, form a line 
from Hartford to the city of New York, stopping 
at the intermediate places on the r. This r. is 
distinguished for its shad fisheries, and the fish 
wliich are caught are considered of a superior 
quality. Some other fish are taken, but salmon, 
lorraerly common, no longer frequent the river. 



CONNECTICUT. 

Connecticut, the southernmost of the Eastern United States, is boimded n. by Massachusetts, 
E. by Rhode Island, s. by Long Island Sound, and w. by New York. It is between 41° and 42" 
2' N. lat., and 71° 20' and 73° 15' w. Ion., and between 3° 16' and 5° 11' e. Ion. from W. It contains 
4,674 sq. ms., or 2,991,360 acres. 

The population in 1790 was 237,946 ; in 1800, 251,002 ; in 1810, 261,942 ; in 1820, 275,248 ; in 1830, 
297,711 ; in 1840, 300,015. Of these 148,300 were white males, 153,556 do. females, 3,881 free col- 
ored males, 4,214 do. females. Employed in agriculture, 56,955 ; in commerce, 2,743 ; manufac- 
tures and trades, 27,932 ; navigating the ocean, 2,700 ; do. rivers, &c., 431 ; learned professions and 
engineers, 1,697. 

The capitals are Hartford, on the Connecticut r., at the head of sloop navigation, 50 miles from 
its mouth ; and New Haven, on a bay which sets up 4 miles from Long Island Sound. 

The state is divided into 8 counties, which, with their population in 1840, and their capitals, were 
as follows : Fairfield, 49,917, Fairfield and Danbury ; Hartford, 55,629, Hartford ; Litchfield, 
40,448, Litclifield ; BIiddlesex, 24,879, Middletown; New Haven, 48,582, New Haven; New 
London, 44,463, New London and Norwich ; Tolland, 17,980, Tolland ; Windham, 28,080, Brook- 
lyn. These counties are divided into 144 cities and townships. 

Connecticut is in general a liilly country, but the hills are not of great elevation. In passing 
over the state e. and w. they occur very frequently, but much less so n. and s. A range of hills 8 
or 10 ms. E. of Connecticut r., passes through a considerable portion of the state. Another and 
higher range commences at a high blufT called East Rock, a little n. e. of New Haven, and passes 
northwardly through the state into Massachusetts; a yet higher commences at West Rock, still 
more elevated than East Rock, a little to the n. w. of New Haven, and proceeds northwardly 
through the state, and constitutes the southern portion of the Green Mountain range. In the n. w. 
parts of this state, this range deserves and receives the name of mountains. The soil is generally 
good, but better adapted to grazing than to tillage. Tlie interval land on the Connecticut river is 
exceedingly fertile, and very easily tilled. The soil in general is well cultivated, and produces 
Indian corn, rye, in some parts wheat, oats, barley, buckwheat, flax abimdantly, some hemp, pota- 
toes, pumpkins, turnips, pease, beans, &c. Apples are abimdant, and some other fruits. Neat cat- 
tle, horses, sheep, butter, and cheese are produced extensively. In 1840 there were in the state, 
34,650 horses and mules, 238,650 neat cattle, 403,462 sheep, 131,961 swine ; poultry to the amount 
of $176,629. Tliere were produced 87,009 bushels of wheat, 33,759 of bariey, 1,453,262 of oats. 
737,424 of rye, 303,043 of buckwheat, l,.50O,441 of Indian corn, 889,870 pounds of wool, 3,414,238 
bushels of potatoes, 426,704 tons of hay, 83,764 pounds of hemp and flax, 471,657 of tobacco, 17,538 
of silk cocoons, 51,704 of sugar. The products of the dairy amounted to $1,376,534, and of the or- 
chard to $296,232 ; value of lumber, $147,841 ; and 2,666 gallons of wine were made. 

The shore of Connecticut is indented with numerous bays and creeks, which furnish many har- 
bors. The principal seaports are New London, which has one of the finest harbors in the comitry ; 
New Haven, wiiich has a safe harbor that in many parts is shallow, and is said to be gradually 
filling up ; and Bridgeport. Long Island Sound extends the whole length of the state, and 
greatly facilitates the coasting trade, by warding ofT the swell and dangers of the Atlantic. The 
prmcipal trade is with the West Indies. New London has engaged extensively in the whaling 
busmess. The exports of this state consist of beef, pork, horses, cattle, mules, butter, cheese, Ind. 
com, rye, flaxseed, fish, candles, and soap. 

Iron ore of a superior quality is found in Salisbury and Kent, and the former has long been, on 
account of its tenacity, manufactured into anchors. Fine marble is found in Milibrd and the vicin- 
ity, and an excellent freestone in ChaUiara and Haddam, easily wrought, and extensively used in 



CON 149 CON 

building in the neighboring cities, and New York, for basements, lintels, &c. There are mineral 
springs at Stafford and Suffield, the former of which is very celebrated, and much frequented. 

The climate of Connecticut is healthy, though subject to extremes of heat and cold ; the sea 
coast is particularly variable. The n. w. winds, in the whiter season, are cold and piercuig ; those 
wliich blow from the s. are more mild ; and a great change in the weather generally occurs with a 
change of the wind. 

Tlie 3 principal rivers are the Connecticut, navigable for vessels drawing 8 feet of water 50 ras. 
to Hartford, crossing the state nearly in the middle, and entering the sound between Saybrook and 
Lyme ; the Housatonic, navigable for small vessels 12 ms. to Derby, and entering the sound be- 
tween Milford and Stratford ; the Thames, navigable 11 ms. to Norwich, and entering the Atlan- 
tic at New London. Farmington and Naugatuck are considerable streams, furnishing extensive 
water power. 

There are 6 cities in Connecticut — Hartford, New London, New Haven, Middletown, Bridgeport, 
and Norwich. The other prmcipal places are Stonington, Danbury, New Milford, Norwalk, Meri- 
den, Wethersfield, East Windsor, Litchfield, and Waterbury. 

The exports of this state in 1840 amounted to $518,210, and the imports to $227,072. niere were 
10 commercial and 13 commission houses engaged in for. trade, with a capital of $505,000 ; 1,630 
retail drygoods and other stores, with a capital of $6,687,636 ; 582 persons in the lumber trade em- 
ployed a capital of $433,425 ; 293 persons engaged in transportation, with 76 other persons as 
butchers, packers, &c., employing a capital of $162,065 ; 2,215 persons were employed in the 
fisheries, with a capital of $1,301,640. 

The manufactures of Connecticut are not less extensive than its commerce. There were in 1840, 
home-made or family goods produced to the amount of $226,162 ; 119 woollen manufactories, em- 
ploying 2,356 persons, producing articles to the value of $2,494,313, and employing a capital of 
$1,931,335 ; 116 cotton factories, with 181,319 spindles, employing 5,153 persons, producing articles 
to the amount of $2,715,964, and employing a capital of $3,152,000 ; 28 furnaces, producing 96,405 
tons of cast iron, and 44 forges and rolling mills, producing 3,632 tons of bar iron, the whole em- 
ploying 895 persons, and a capital of $577,300 ; 36 paper manufactories, produced articles to the 
amount of $596,500, and other paper manufactures produced $64,000, the whole employing 454 
persons, with a capital of $653,800 ; hats and caps were manufactured to the amount of $649,-580, 
and straw bonnets to the amount of $236,730, the whole employing 1,814 persons, and employing a 
capital of $350,823 ; 197 tanneries employed 1,359 persons, with a capital of $494,477; 408 other 
leather manufactories, as saddleries, &c., produced articles to the amount of $2,017,931, and em- 
ployed a capital of $829,267 ; 2 glass houses with 64 persons, produced $32,000, with a capital of 
$32,000 ; 14 potteries, employing 44 persons, produced $40,850, with a capital of $31,880 ; 8 pow- 
der mills, employing 26 persons, produced 662,500 pounds of powder, with a capital of $77,000 ; 
335 persons produced machinery to the value of $319,680; 1,109 persons produced hardware and 
cutlery to the amount of $1,114,725 ; 55 persons manufactured granite, marble, &c. to the amount 
of $50,866 ; bricks and lime were produced to the amount of $151,446 ; soap and tallow and wax 
candles employed a capital of $46,000 ; 1,289 persons produced carriages and wagons to the amount 
of $929,301, with a capital of $513,411; 7 flouring mills produced 15,500 barrels of flour, and with 
grist mills, saw mills, and other mills, employed 895 persons, and manufactured articles to the 
value of $543,509, and employed a capital of $727,440 ; 70 distilleries employed 42 persons, pro- 
duced 215,892 gallons of spirits, with a capital of $50,380 ; ships were built to the amount of 
$428,900 ; 16 rope walks employed 107 persons, and produced articles to the amount of $150,775, 
with a capital of $85,700 ; 786 persons manufactured furniture to the amount of $253,675, with a 
capital of $342,770 ; 95 brick, and 517 wooden houses were erected by 1,599 men, to the value of 
$1,086,295 ; there were 36 printing offices, aud 17 binderies, 2 daily, 27 weekly, and 4 semi-weekly 
newspapers, and 11 periodicals, the whole employing 368 persons, and a capital of $217,075. The 
whole amount of capital employed in manufactures was $13,669,139. 

This state has 3 colleges. Yale College, at New Haven, is one of the oldest, and is the most 
flourisliing institution of the kind in the United States. It was founded in 1701, and removed from 
Saybrook to New Haven in 1717. Washington College, at Hartford, under the direction of the 
Episcopalians, was founded in 1826, and is flourishing. The Wesleyan University, at Middletovm, 
is under the direction of the Methodists, and is a growing institution. The Asylum for the Deaf 
and Dumb, at Hartford, is the oldest and most respectable institution of the kind in the United 
States, and has generally 130 students. In 1840 there were in the 3 colleges, 700 students; there 
were in the state 127 academies and grammar schools, with 4,865 students ; 1,619 common and pri- 
mary schools, with 65,739 scholars ; and 526 persons over 20 years of age who could neitlier read 
nor write, the least number of any state in the Union. Connecticut has a larger productive school 
fund, in proportion to its population, than any other state, amounting to about .$2,000,000. This 
originated chiefly from the sale of the Western Rescr\'e, constituting a large part of the northern 



CON 



150 



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portion of the state of Ohio, included in its original charter, and ceded to it by the United States, 
by way of compromise. 

The principal religious denominations are the Congregationalists, the Baptists, the Episcopalians, 
and the Methodists. In 1836 the Congregationalists had 232 churches, 271 ministers, and 29,579 
communicants ; the Baptists 92 churches, 90 ministers, and 10,039 communicants ; the Episcopa- 
lians 1 bi.shop and 63 ministers ; the Methodists 73 ministers. Besides these, there were a few 
Koman Catholics, Unitarians, and Universalists. 

At the commencement of 1840, there were 33 banks and branches, with a capital of $8,832,223. 
It had no state debt. 

There is a state prison at Wethersfield, erected in 1826. 

Tlie government of the state is vested in a governor, lieutenant-governor, who is president of the 
senate, and in a senate and house of representatives. The senate consists of not less than 18 nor 
of more than 24 members. Most of the towns choose 2 representatives ; some, of less population, 
but one. The sessions of the legislature are held annually, alternately at Hartford and at New 
Haven. The supreme court consists of 5 judges, appointed by the legislature, holding their offices 
during good behavior, or until they are 70 years of age. These judges hold separately a court 
twice a year, in each county ; and all the judges together hold one court annually in each county, 
as a court of errors. The county courts consist of 3 judges in each county, appointed annually by 
the legislature. There are justices of the peace in the several towns, who have cognizance of all 
cases where the demand does not exceed $35. The cities have city courts, consisting of the mayor 
and 2 senior aldermen, having cognizance of all civil actions, which do not respect the title of 
land. 

The principal internal improvements in Connecticut are the Farmington canal, extending fi-om 
New Haven, 56 ms., to the n. line of the state, whence it is continued to Northampton, Mass. ; at 
Enfield, a canal extends around the falls in Connecticut river of 5s ms., which, with other improve- 
ments above, is designed to make the river navigable for boats and steamboats to White river, in 
Vt. ; the Norwich and Worcester railroad, 58i miles, extends from Norwich n. through the state ; 
the New Haven and Hartford railroad, 36 miles, connects the two places, and is to be extended to 
meet the Western Massachusetts railroad at Springfield ; the Housatonic railroad commences at 
Bridgeport, and extends to North Canaan, at the n. line of the state, 73 miles, and is continued to 
meet the Western railroad of Massachusetts, at West Stockbridge. 

The state consisted, at its first settlement, of two colonies, denomii 'ted Connecticut, having the 
seat of government at Hartford ; and New Haven, at New Haven. The colony of Connecticut 
was settled in 1633, at Windsor, by emigrants from Massachusetts, who penetrated through the 
wilderness. Hartford was settled by the English in 1635, the Dutch having previously built a fort 
there, which they did not permanently hold. Wethersfield was settled in 1636. The colony at 
New Haven was settled by the English in 1633. By a charter granted by Charles II., in 1665, 
these colonies were united. During the tyranny of Andros, an attempt was made to procure a sur- 
render of the charter. The subject was publicly debated in the evening, at Hartford, when sud- 
denly the candles were extinguished, and the charter was hid in the hollow of an oak tree, which 
has become famous since as the Charter Oak. This charter continued to be the basis of the gov- 
ernment until the year 1818, when the present constitution was formed. 

In 1708, the celebrated Saybrook Platform, or constitution of the Congregational churches, 
was adopted. 

Connecticut took a very active part in the revolutionary war, and a ntimber of her tovras, par- 
ticularly Danbury and New Loudon, were burned by the enemy ; the latter under the command 
of the traitor Arnold. 

The constitution of the United States was adopted in a convention, January 9, 1788 ; yeas 128, 
nays 40 ; majority 88, 



CoNNELsviLLE, p-t., and b., Fayette co.. Pa., 
180 w. by s. Harrisburg, 206 W. The b. is situ- 
ated on the E. bank of the Youghiogany river. 
Chartered in 1806. It has 2 churches, 9 stores, 
^ pist m., 1 saw m., and about 120 dwellings 
Ihere are m the t., 7 stores, cap. $26,800 ; 3 fur- 
naces, 4 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 paper manufac, 
1 flounns m., 2 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap in man 
ufac. $l(r,160. 5 sch. 190 scholars. Pop^Se 

Conner's Mills, Cooper co.. Mo., 45 'n w 
Jefferson city, 960 W. 

CoNNERsviLLE p-v., Capital of Fayette co., 
la., 60 E. s E. Indianapohs, 519 W. Situated on 
the w. side of VVhitewaler r. It contains 3 
churches— 1 Presbyterian, 1 Methodist, and 1 



Christian— 8 stores, 3 academies, 1 seminary, 
and 596 inhabitants. Pop. of the t. 1,372. 

Conoten, p-v., North t., Harrison co., O., 118 
N. E. Columbus, 296 W. Situated on Conoten 
cr., a branch of Tuscarawas r. 

Conn's Creek, p-o., Shelby co., la., 34 s. E. 
Indianapolis, 563 W. 

CoNaUEST, p-t., Cayuga co., N. Y., 15 n. Au- 
burn, 164 w. by N. Albany, 347 W. The siu'face 
is rolling ; soil, clay and sandy loam. Bounded 
N. by Seneca r., which here divides so as to form 
Howland's island in the s. w. corner of the town. 
The V. contains 2 churches, 2 stores, 1 flouring 
m., 1 saw m., 20 dwellings, and about 130 inhab- 
itants. There are in the town 2 stores, capital 



CON 



151 



COO 



$7,000 ; 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $900. 16 
sch. 657 scholars. Pop. 1,911. 

CoiNciuEST, p-c, Miami co., O., 68 w. Colum- 
bus, 462 W. 

Conrad's Store, p-c, Rockingham co., Va., 
lOB N. w. Richmond, 124 W. 

CoN.STABLE, t., Franklin co., N. Y., 6 n. Ma- 
lone, 218 N. by w. Albany. The surface is level, 
and the soil sandy loam. Drained by Trout r., 
which flows into the Chateaugay r., a branch of 
the St. Lawrence. It has 2 stores, cap. $10,150 ; 
1 fulliiig m., 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $4,850. 7 sch. 379 scholars. Pop. 
1,122. 

CoNSTABLEViLLE, p-v.. West Turiu t., Lewis 
CO., N. Y., 138 N. w. Albany, 419 W. It con- 
tains 2 churches — 1 Episcopal and 1 Union — 2 
stores, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m., 20 dwellings, and 
about 130 inhabitants. 

CoNSTANTiA, p-t., Oswego CO., N. Y., 135 w. 
N. w. Albany, 30 e. Oswego, 373 W. The sur- 
face is level ; soil, sandy loam. Oneida lake 
bounds it on the s. Drained by Scriba cr. It 
has 8 stores, cap. $22,000 ; 2 furnaces, 1 fulling 
m., 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 19 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $57,830. 15 sch. 583 scholars. Pop. 
1,176. 

CoNSTANTiNE, p-v., St. Joseph CO., Mich., 149 
w. s. w. Detroit, 596 W. Situated on St. Joseph 
r., at the junction of Fall r. It has 1 Episcopal 
church, 7 stores, 1 flouring m., and 2 saw m. 
Steamboats and keel boats pass from this to the 
mouth of the St. Joseph. The rivers here afford 
excellent water power. It is a place of extensive 
business. Pop. 751. 
Constitution, p-o., Washin ^ton co., O. 
CoNTOOcooK, r., Hillsborough co., N. H. Its 
principal branch rises in Rindge t., Cheshire co., 
and pursues a n. and n. e. course until it enters 
Merrimac r., on the n. line of Concord t. It is a 
fine mill stream. 

CoNTOocooK Village, p-v., Hopkinton t., 
Merrimac co., N. H., 10 w. Concord, 478 W. Sit- 
uated on the Contoocook r. Here is extensive 
water power, and a number of mills. 

Convenience, p-o., Fayette co., O., 54 s. w. 
Columbus, 426 W. 

CoNvis, t., Calhoun co., Mich., 113 w. Detroit, 
578 W. It has 5 sch. 16 scholars. Pop. 292. 

Conway, county. Ark. Situated in the cen- 
tral part of the state, and contains 1,025 sq. miles. 
Arkansas r. runs on its s. w. border. Drained by 
Cadron and Point Remove crs. Surface uneven. 
Capital. Lewisburg. There ^ve^e in 1840, neat 
cattle 7,605, sheep 939, swine 14,644, wheat 1,709 
bush, produced, Ind. corn 135,365, oats 1,430, po- 
tatoes 10,570, cotton 2,702 pounds, 5 stores, cap. 
$14,600 ; 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in 
manufac. $1,500. 1 acad. 22 students. Pop. 
1830, 982; 1840, whites 2,695, slaves 192, free 
col'd 5 ; total, 2,892. 
Conway, p-o., Aroostook co.. Me. 
Conway, p-t., Carroll co., N. H., 68 n. n. e. 
Concord, 552 W. Watered by Swift r., and other 
branches of Saco r., wliich passes through it. The 
Saco is here 10 or 12 rods wide. There is a large 
pond on its s. border, wtiich has an outlet into 
Saco r. A sulphur spring here is some resorted 
to. Magnesia and fuller's earth are also found. 
It has 6 stores, cap. $11,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tan- 
nery, 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$7,755. 18 sch. 737 scholars. Pop. 1,801. 

Conway, p-t., Franklin co., Mass., 102 w. by 
N. Boston, 397 W. Deerfield r. washes its n. e. 
border, and a branch of this r. passes through it. 
Incorporated in 1767. It has a Congregational 
and a Baptist church, and considerable manufac- 



tures. It has 6 stores, cap. $10,300; 1 woollen 
fac, 3 cotton fac. 2,294 sp., 1 tannery, 2 distiller- 
ies, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. 17 sch. 431 scholars. 
Pop. 1,409. 

CoNWAYBOROUGH p-v., Capital of Horry dist., 
S. C, 196 E. by s. Columbia, 468 W. Situated 
on the w. bank of Waccamaw r., which is navi- 
gable to this place for steamboats. It contains a 
court house, and several stores and dwellings. 

CoNYNGHAM. p-v., Luzeme co.. Pa., 108 n. n. 
E. Harrisburg, 218 W. It occupies a romantic 
situation, surrounded by mountains. It is neatly 
built, chiefly on one street, and contains several 
stores, and over 50 dwellings. 

Cook, county. 111., in the n. e. part of the state, 
lies on Lake Michigan. It contains 864 sq. ms. 
The surface is undulating, consisting of prairie, 
groves of timber, and some swamp. Drained by 
Calumic, Chicago, and Des Plaines rivers. Cap- 
ital, Chicago. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
8,441, sheep 990, swine 10,812; wheat 24,977 
bush, produced, Ind. corn 49,231, buckwheat 
3,710, barley 3,494, oats 109,129, potatoes 122,176 ; 
4 commission houses, cap. $35,300 ; 102 stores, 
cap. $409,800; 11 lumber yards, cap. $38,900; 1 
furnace, 1 distillery, 1 brewery, 2 flouring m., 1 
saw m., 3 printing offices, 1 periodical, 2 daily, 
2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $62,150. 
16 sch. 493 scholars. Pop. 10,201. 

Cook's Bridge, p-o., Newcastle co., Del., 62 
w. by N. Dover, 96 W . 

CooKHAM, p-v., Fairfield dist., S. C, 20 n. Co- 
lumbia, 489 W. 

CooKSBURG, p-v., Rensselaerville t^ Albany 
CO., N. Y. 

Cook's Corners, p-o., Erie co., O., 103 n. e. 
Columbus, 412 W. 

Cook's Law Office, p-o., Elbert co., Ga., 110 
N. N. E. Milledgeville, 566 W. 

Cook's Run, p-o., Clinton co., Pa^ 147 n. n. 
w. Harrisburg, 239 W. 

CooKSTOWN, p-o., Washington t., Fayette co.. 
Pa., 197 w. by s. Harrisburg, 219 W. Situated 
on the E. bank of Monongahela river. It has 2 
churches, 5 stores, 1 15 dwellings, and about 600 
inhabitants. 

CooKsviLLE, p-v., Ann Arundel co., Md., 53 
N. w. Annapolis, 58 W. 

CooKsviLLE, p-v., Noxubee co., Miss., 132 n. 
E. by E. Jackson, 885 W. 

Coolbaugh's, p-t., Monroe co., Pa., 138 n. e. 
Harrisburg, 232 W. Pop. 159. 

Cool Spring, p-t., Mercer co.. Pa., 175 w. n. 
w. Harrisburg, 248 W. Drained by Cool Spring 
cr. and Otter cr., branches of Neshanock r. It 
has 3 stores, cap. $3,500; 2 distilleries, 3 grist m., 
7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $375. 12 sch. 420 
scholars. Pop. 1,934. 

E. Raleigh, 314 W. 

Cool Sprixg, p-o., Wilkinson co., Ga., 56 s. 
Milledgeville, 704 W. 

Cool Spring, p-o., Warren co., Ky., 142 s. w. 
Frankfort, 663 W. 

Cool Spring, p-o.. La Fayette co., Mo., 122 
w. N. w. Jefferson city, 1,048 W. 

Cooper, r., S. C, tmites with Ashley r. to 
form Charleston harbor, entering it on the E. side 
of the city. A canal 21 ms. long connects this r. 
with Santee r., which opens an extensive com- 
munication between Charleston and the interior. 

Cooper, county. Mo. Situated in the central 
part of the state, and has Missouri r. on its n. 
border. It contains 400 sq. ms. Drained by La 
Mine and Little Saline rivers, and Manitou cr. 
The surface is undulating, and the soil very fer- 
tile. Capital, Booneville. There were in 1840, 



coo 



152 



COP 



neat cattle 15,088, sheep 11,242, swine 40,298; 
wheat 43,371 bush, produced, rye 1,376, Indian 
corn 587,059, oats 163,773, potatoes 22,684, tobac- 
co 142,562 pounds, sugar 5,340 ; 31 stores, cap. 
$307,460; 5 tanneries, 8 distilleries, 4 flouring 
ni., 5 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly 
newspapers. Capital in manufac. $114,850. 3 
acad. 142 students, 21 sch. 811 scholars. Pop. 
1830, 6,904 ; 1840, whites 8,312, slaves 2,157, free 
col'd 15; total, 10,484. 

Cooper, p-t., Washington cc. Me., 196 e. n. 
E. Augusta, 782 W. It has a small lake on its n. 
E. part, the outlet of wliich runs on its e. border, 
and enters into Cobscook bay. It has 1 grist m., 
1 saw m., 7 sch. 277 scholars. Pop. 657. 

Cooper, p-t., Kalamazoo co., Mich., 131 w. 
Detroit, 596 W. It has 3 sch. 60 scholars. Pop. 
376. 

Cooper's, p-o., Franklin cc, Va., 169 w. s. w. 
Richmond, 244 W. 

Cooper's, p-o., Smith co., Tenn., 60 e. Nash- 
ville, 667 W. 

CooPERSBURG, p-o., Lehigh cc, Pa., 95 e. n. 
e. Harrisburg, 108 W. 

Cooper's Mills, p-o., Lincoln cc, Me., 13 s. 
Augusta, 605 W. 

CoopERSTOWN, p-v.,Otsego t., capital of Otsego 
CO., N.Y., 69 w. Albany, 366 W. It is dehghtfully 
situated on a plain, at the outlet of Otsego lake. 
Incorporated in 1812. It is neatly and tastefully 
built, and is surrounded by beautiful scenery. 
The lake is a fine sheet of water, and its outlet 
affords good water power, and forms the com- 
mencement of the Susquehanna r. The v. has 
a court house, jail, 5 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 
1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, and 1 Uni- 
versalist — 20 stores, besides 2 bookstores, 1 bank- 
ing-house, 1 academy, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m., 
200 dwellings, and about 1,400 inhabitants. 

CoopERSTOwN, p-v., Plumb t., Venango co.. 
Pa., 218 w. N. w. Harrisburg, 292 W. It has a 
store and 5 or 6 dwellings. 

CoopERsviLLE, p-o., Clinton co., N. Y. 

CoopERsviLLE, p-v., Lancaster co., Pa., 55 s. 
E. Harrisburg, 113 W. 

Coop Creek, p-o., Marion cc, Tenn., 107 s. 
E. Nashville, 608 W. 

Coos, county, N. H. Situated in the n. part 
of the state, and has Lower Canada on the n., 
the state of Maine on the e., and Connecticut r. 
w. It contains 1,600 sq. ms. A stream, which 
flows through Connecticut lake, forms one of the 
sources of Connecticut r. Hall's stream, another 
source, which lies w. of it, has been, by the re- 
cent treaty, fixed on as the n. w. source of Con- 
necticut r. described in the treaty of 1783. The 
majestic White mountains, and some others, oc- 
cupy the s. part of this co. Drained on the w. 
by iMohawk, Ammonoosuck, Israel's, and John's 
rivers, which flow w. into Connecticut r. On 
the E. flows the Androscoggin r., which enters 
the Atlantic through Kennebec r. Incorporated 
m 1803. Much of the land is rough, and not 
fitted for cultivation ; but on Connecticut r., and 
some other streams, it is good. Capital, Lancas- 
ter. There were in 1840, neat cattle 11,334 
sheep 21 092, swine 3,977 ; wheat 26,951 bus'hels 



5 fulling m., 5 tanneries, 23 grist m., 54 saw m. 
1 printing office, 1 weekly new.spaper. Can in 
manufac. $86 060. 1 acad. 128%Ptudent;!^i5 
f.Q;n '^ ■* scholars. Pop. 1830, 8,390; 1840, 

CoosA, r., Ala., rises in Ga., and runs through 
the N. w. part of that state into Alabama, antf 8 



miles below Wetumpka unites with the Talla- 
poosa r. to form Alabama r. The Coosa is nav- 
igable for steamboats 8 ms. above the junction to 
Wetumpka. Its whole course is about 240 ms. 

CoosA, county, Ala., a central eastern co., con- 
tains 870 sq. ms. Situated on the e. side of 
Coosa r., and is drained by Hatchet, Paint, and 
Wawakee creeks, falling into the Coosa r. Sur- 
face, hilly and diversified, with extensive pine 
forests. Soil, fertile. Capital, Rockford. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 14,173, sheep 1,435, 
swine 20,271 ; wheat 10,050 bush, produced, Ind. 
corn 211,641, oats 5,656, potatoes 15,298, rice 
10,780 pounds, tobacco 1,132, cotton 172,505; 28 
stores, cap. $148,250 ; 4 tanneries, 8 grist m., 6 
saw m., 1 printing office, 2 weekly newspapers. 
Cap. in manufac. $29,785. 2 acad. 60 students, 
5 sch. 110 scholars. Pop. whites 4,858, slaves 
2,125, free col'd 12 ; total, 6,995. 

CoosAWDA, p-v., Autauga cc, Ala., 106 s. E. 
Tuscaloosa, 832 W. Situated on the w. bank of 
Alabama r., 6 miles below the junction of Coosa 
and Tallapoosa rivers. 

CoosAWHATCHiE, T., S. C, fuus s. s. E., and 
falls into Broad r. An eastern outlet, called 
Whale Branch, and also Coosaw r., forms the 
island of Port Royal. 

CoosAWHATCHiE, p-v., Capital of Beaufort dist., 
S. C, 134 s. Columbia, 619 W. Situated on 
Coosawhatchie r., 75 s. w. by w. Charleston. It 
has a court house, jail, and a few dwellings. 

CoPAKE, p-t., Columbia cc, N. Y., 49 s. by e 
Albany, 342 W. The siuface on the e. is moun- 
tainous ; on the w. is a broad valley, through 
wliich flows Ancram cr., where the soil is good. 
It has 2 stores, cap. $l,8t)0 ; 2 fulling m., 1 wool- 
len fac, 1 tannery. Cap. in manufac. $15,000. 
8 sch. 397 scholars. Pop. 1,505. 

CopELAND, p-o., Telfair cc, Ga., 96 s. by E. 
Milledgeville, 743 W. 

CoPELY, p-t.. Summit co., O., 124 n. e. Colum- 
bus, 6 N. w. Akron, 337 W. The surface is gen- 
erally level, in some parts rolling, and the soil 
good, both for grain and grass. The t. contains 
5 saw m., 3 flouring m., 2 carding machines, and 
other mills and manufactories. It has 9 sch. 364 
scholars. Pop. 1,439. 

Copenhagen, p-v., Denmark t., Lewis co., N. 
Y., 149 N. w. Albany, 423 W. Situated on Deer 
r., which, half a mile below the place, has a fall 
of 175 feet, nearly perpendicular, with high pro- 
jecting banks below, overhanging the stream, 
the whole constituting a great curiosity. The v. 
has 1 church, 3 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 oil 
ra., 1 ropewalk, 40 dwellings, and about 250 in- 
habitants. 

Copexhagem, p-v., Caldwell co., N. C, 206 
w. Raleigh, 418 W. 

Copenhagen, p-v., Caldwell par.. La., 266 N. 
w. New Orleans, 1,180 W. 

Cope's Mills, p-o., Jefferson co., O., 146 E. 
by N. Columbus, 277 W. 

Copiah, county. Miss. Situated toward the s. 
w. part of the state, and contains 900 sq. miles. 
Pearl r. runs on its e. border. Drained by Bayou 
Pierre, and head branches of Homochitto river. 
Capital, Gallatin. There were in 1840, neat cat- 
tle 12,127, sheep 3,264, swine 29,755; Ind. corn 
331,650 bush, produced, oats 12,321, potatoes 
48,860, rice 58,885 pounds, cotton 3,335,520 ; 10 
stores, cap. $101,100; 13 grist m., 12 saw m., 1 
printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in 
manufac. $38,455. 12 sch. 251 scholars. Pop. 
1830, 7,001 ; 1840, whites 5,161, slaves 3,786, free 
col'd 7 ; total, 8,954. 

Copiah Creek, p-o., Copiah co., Miss., 45 s 
Jackson, 1,049 W. 



COR 



153 



COR 



CopoPA, p-0., Columbia t., Lorain cc, O., 20 
s. w. Cleveland, 135 n. n. e. Columbus, 365 
W. 

Copperas Creek, p-o., Fulton cc, 111., 77 n. 
w. Springfield, 827 W. 

Coral, p-o., McHenry co., 111., 221 n. n. e. 
Springfield, 773 W. 

Coram, p-v., Brookhaven t., Suffolk co., N. 
Y., 203 s s. E. Albany, 283 W. It contains 1 
church, 2 stores, and 12 or 15 dwellings. 

CoRBEAU, v., Champlain t., Clinton co., N. Y. It 
contains 1 church, 2 stores, and several dwellings. 

CoRBETTSviLLE, p-0., Conklin t., Broome co., 
N. Y. 

Cordova, p-o.. Rock Island cc, 111., 166 n. n. 
w. Springfield, 884 W. 

CoREA Fabre, p-v.. Union cc, Ark., 168 s. by 
w. Little Rock, 1,213 W. Situated on the w. 
bank of Wacliita r., at the head of steamboat 
navigation. 

Core Creek, p-o.. Craven co., N. C. 

Core's Mills, p-o., Tyler co., Va., 323 n. w. 
Richmond, 279 W. 

Core Sound, on the coast of N. C, 40 miles 
long, opens in the n. e. into Pamlico soiuid. The 
island which encloses it contains Cape Lookout 
on its s. point. 

Corfu, p-o., Pembroke t., Genesee co., N. Y., 
266 w. by n. Albany, 380 W. 

Corinna, p-t., Penobscot co.. Me., 64 n. n. vv. 
Augusta, 659 W. Incorporated in 1816. Wa- 
tered by a head branch of Sebasticook r. It is a 
fertile t., and has 2 tanneries, 14 sell. 409 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,704. 

CoRiNNA Centre, p-o., Corinna t., Penobscot 
CO., Me., 62 N. N. w. Augusta, 657 W. 

Corinth, p-t., Penobscot co.. Me., 85 n. n. e. 
Augusta, 6S0 W. Drained by Kenduskeag stream, 
which enters the Penobscot r. at Bangor. The 
soil is fertile. It has 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $8,000. 9 sch. 253 scholars. Pop. 
1,318. 

Corinth, p-t.. Orange co., Vt., 34 s. e. Mont- 
pelier, 513 W. Drained by branches of Wait's 
r., whicli afford water power. First settled in 
1777. The soil is a fertile loam. It has 6 .stores, 
cap. $27,500 ; 2 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 
4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $14,300 ; 21 sch. 708 
scholars. Pop. 1,970. 

Corinth, p-t., Saratoga co., N. Y., 52 n. by w. 
Albany, 421 W. Organized in 1828. The sur- 
face is rolling; the soil, sandy loam. It is bound- 
ed e. by Hudson r. The p-v., on the Hudson r., 
has been heretofore denominated Jesup's Land- 
ing, now Corinth. It has 1 Presbyterian church, 
1 store, and about 20 dwellings. Its business in 
considerable in the lumber trade. There are in 
the t. 4 stores, cap. .$7,000 ; 2 fulling m., 1 wool- 
len fac, 4 tanneries, 2 grist m., 13 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $16,400. 5 sch. 375 scholars. Pop. 
1,365. 

Corinth, p-v.. Heard co., Ga., 120 w. Mil- 
ledgeville, 724 W. It contains an academy, and 
20 or 30 dwellings. 

Cork, p-o., Ashtabula co., O., 191 n. e. Co- 
lumbus, 342 W. 

Corlaer's Hook, the s. e. point of the city 
of New York, at a sudden bend in the East r. 

Corn Creek, p-o., Trimble co., Ky., 47 n. w. 
Frankfort, 566 W. 

Corneliusville, p-v., Boone cc, Ky., 90 n. 
by E. Frankfort, 516 W. 

Corners, p-o., Windsor co., Vt., 70 s. Montpe- 
lier, 468 W. 

Cornersburg, p-v., Trumbull co., O. It has 
a church, one or two stores, and 20 or 30 dwell- 
ings. 

20 



Corner Stone, p-o., Tioga co.. Pa., 131 n. 
Harrisburg, 241 W. 

Cornersville, p-v., Giles co.. Term., 61 s. 
Nashville, 711 W'. Situated in the N. e. corner 
of the coiuity. It contains about 12 dwellings, 
and 60 inhabitants. 

Cornersville, p-v.. Graves co., Ky., 289 s. 
w. by w. Frankfort, 813 W. 

Cornersville, p-v.. La Fayette co.. Miss., 
184 N. n. w. Jackson, 887 W. 

Cornersville, po., York co., Me., 78 s. w. 
Augusta, 549 W. 

Corn Grove, p-o., Benton co., Ala., 158 e. n. 
E. Tuscaloosa, 736 W. 

Corning, p-v.. Painted Post t., Steuben co., 
N. Y., 213 w. s. w. Albany, 287 W. Situated 
on the s. side of Chemung r. It contains 3 church- 
es — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Metliod- 
ist — a banking house, 14 stores, 1 woollen fac, 
1 flouring m., 2 saw m., 1 iron foundry, 1 carriage 
fac, 1 axe fac, and various other mechanical 
establishments. The line of the New York and 
Erie railroad passes through the place. By 
means of a canal and Seneca lake it is connected 
with the Erie canal. A railroad to Blossburg, 
Pa., 40 ms. long, connects it with the bituminous 
coal region of Pa. These communications have 
already rendered its trade in lumber, coal, &c., 
extensive. 

Cornish, p-t., York co.. Me., 76 s. w. Augusta, 
547 W. Great Ossipee and Saco rivers bound it 
on the N. Incorporated in 1794. It has a fertile 
soil, and produces good wheat. It has 6 stores, 
cap. $1,700 ; 2 tanneries, 1 pottery, 1 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $17,930. 11 sch. 536 scholars. 
Pop. 1,263. 

Cornish, p-t., Sullivan co., N. H., 5S n. w. by 
w. Concord, 471 W. Connecticut r. runs on its 
w. border, over which is a bridge to Windsor, Vt. 
The surface is uneven, except on the r., and the 
soil is fertile. Chartered in 1763. Several small 
streams furnish mill seats. It has 2 stores, cap. 
$6,000 ; 3 tanneries, 3 grist m., 6 saw m. 12 sen. 
567 scholars. Pop. 1,726. 

Cornish Flat, p-o., Cornish t., Sullivan cc, 
N. H., 59 N. w. by w. Concord, 474 W. 

Cornishville, p-o., McIIenry co.. 111., 210 n. 
N. E. Springfield, 762 W. 

Corn Planter, p-t., Venango co.. Pa., 217 w. 
N. w. Harrisburg, 291 W. It has 2 stores, cap. 
$4,000. Cap. in manufac. $1,000. 1 sch. 25 
scholars. Pop. 427. 

CoRNviLLE, pt., Somerset co., Me., 42 n. by 
E. Augusta, 637 W. Watered by Wessaransett 
r., a tributary of Kennebec r. Incorporated in 
1798. It produces good wheat. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $2,500; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 15 sch. 459 
scholars. Pop. 1,140. 

Cornwall, p-t., Addison co., Vt., 63 s. w. 
Montpelier, 477 W. Otter creek runs on its 
E. boundary. Lemonfair, a branch of the same 
r.. crosses its n. w. corner. The surface is gen- 
erally level, and the soil a strong clay loam. In 
the s. w. part is a swamp, covering several thou- 
sand acres, but the place is healthy. There is a 
Congregational and a Baptist church. It has 3 
stores, cap. $12,000 ; 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 12 
saw m., 1 oilm. Cap. in manufac. $1,550. 7 sch. 
240 scholars. Pop. 1,164. 

Cornwall, p-t., Litchfield cc, Ct., 39 w. by 
N. Hartford, 330 W. The surface is uneven in 
the w. part, and the soil various. Ilousatonic r. 
runs on its w. border, and a small tributary pass- 
es through it. First settled in 1740. A foreign 
mission school was established here in 1718 ; and 
at it a number of distinguished heathen youth 
have been educated, v\ho have been useful 



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among tlie American Indians, and the Sandwich 
Islanclers. The Housatonic railroad passes 
through the t. There are 3 furnaces, 5 stores, 
cap. §16,000 ; 3 fulling m., 2 woollen fac., 2 tan- 
neries, 2 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$35,630. 14 sch. 447 scholars. Fop. 1,703. 

ConNWALL, t.. Orange co., N. Y., 6 s. New- 
burg, 100 s. Albany. The surface is hilly or 
mountainous. Butter Plill and Crow's Nest, the 
highest peaks of the " Highlands," are here, and 
the sites of old forts Putnam, Clinton, and Mont- 
gomery, of revolutionary memory. Here is also 
West Point, the seat of the Military Academy of 
the United States, for a particular description of 
which, see West Point. It has 11 sch. 596 schol- 
ars. Pop. 3,925. 

CoRNW.\LL, p-c, Lebanon co.. Pa., 42 e. Harris- 
burg, 326 W. 

Cornwall Bridge, p-o., Cornwall t., Litch- 
field CO., Ct., 42 w. by n. Hartford, 326 W. A 
bridge here crosses the Housatonic r. 

Cornwall Hollow, po., Cornwall t., Litch- 
field CO., Ct., 3S w. by n. Hartford, 337 W. 

Cornwall Landing, v., Cornwall t.. Orange 
CO., N. Y. Situated on the w. side of the Hud- 
son r., at the northern termination of the High- 
lands ; it contains 4 stores, 20 dwellings, and about 
125 inhabitants. 

CoRNWAi.LviLLE, p-v., Duiham t., Greene co., 
N. Y., 38 s. s. w. Albany, 361 W. It has 1 
church, 1 store, and 12 or 15 dwellings. 

CoRRiNGTON, p-0., Franklin co.. la., 81 e. s. e. 
Indianapolis, 507 W. 

CoRTLANDT, p-0., Kent CO., Mich., 186 w. n. 
w. Detroit, 667 W. 

Cortland, county, N. Y. Situated in the 
central part of the state, and contains 500 sq. ms. 
The surface ol this county is elevated, with gent- 
ly rising hills and broad valleys ; the soil is fer- 
tile, and alike adapted to grazing and to grain. 
Drained by Toughnioga and Ostelic rs., which 
afford extensive water power. Iron ore is found 
in small quantities ; there are some beds of marl, 
and one or two sulphur springs, and a salt spring. 
Capital, Cortland. There were in 1840, neat cat- 
tle 33,739, sheep 99,160, swine 19,043 ; wheat 
100,765 bush, produced, rye 2,730, Indian corn 
85,344, buckwheat 18,015, bariey 29,935, oats 
276,681, potatoes 575,506, sugar 429,690 pounds ; 
38 stores, cap. $350,400 ; 3 lumber yards, cap 
$2,200 ; 4 furnaces, 1 forge, 10 fulling m., 4 wool- 
len fac, 1 cotton fac. 1,916 sp., 17 tanneries, 1 
distillery, 1 brewery, 1 pottery, 23 grist m., 84 
saw m., 3 oil m., 1 paper fac, 2 priming offices, 
1 bmdery, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in man- 
ufac !j!369,955. 2 acad. 370 students, 179 sch 
7,930 scholars. Population, 1830, 23,755 : 1840 
24,607. . > , , io^w, 

Cortland, p-t., Westchester co., N. Y 113 s 
Albany, 262 W. The surface is hilly, and in the 
N.vv. mountainous, including a portion of the 
Highlands. The soil is sand and a gravelly loam 
Watered by Croton r., which is taken to the city 
of New York m a covered canal, to supply the 
city with wholesome water. The water is said to 
be very pure, being derived chiefly from fine 
spnngs The p-o. is dcnommated Cortlandtown 
situated m Croton village. Pop. 5 592 ' 

CoRTLANDviLLE, p-t capital of Cortland co., 
N. \ ., 143 w. by s. Albany, 314 W. The sur- 
face is undulating; soil, fertile argdlaceous mold 
Drained by loughmoga r. and its branches It 
has 9 stores, cap. §115,000 ; 1 furnace, 3 fuiling 
ra., 1 woollen lac, 1 tannery, 9 saw m Can i., 
manufac $20,850. 41 sch. 1,717 scholars Pop! 

Cortland Village, p-v., in Cortlandville t. 



is situated on the Toughnioga r., and contains a 
court house, jail, county clerk's ofHce, 4 church- 
es — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, and 

I Universalist — 12 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 
paper m., 2 tanneries, 200 dwellings, and about 
1,200 inhabitants. The situation is pleasant, the 
houses are generally neat, and some of them ele- 
gant. 

CoRTOiSE, t., Crawford co.. Mo. Pop. 703. 

Cortsville, p-o., Clark co., O., 54 w. Colum- 
bus, 449 W. 

CoRUNNA, p-v., capital of Shiawassee co., 
]>Iich., 79 N. w. Detroit, 582 W. Situated on 
Shiawassee r., which affords good water power. 
It has a court house, 1 store, 1 flouring m., and 1 
saw m. In the immediate vicinity are beds of 
stone coal, lime and sandstone ; the last suitable 
for the manufacture of glass. 

CoRYDON, p-t., McKean co.. Pa., 233 n. w. 
Harrisburg, 317 W. It has 1 store, cap. $700; 
10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $24,000. 1 sch. 60 
scholars. Pop. 246. 

CouYDON, p-v., capital of Harrison co., la., 126 
s. Indianapolis, 623 W. Situated on the e. bank 
of Indian cr., which flows into the Ohio. It con- 
tains a large stone court house, a jail, 2 churches 
— 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist — 7 stores, 100 
dwellings, and about 700 inhabitants. 

CosGROvE Hall, p-o.. Union co., Pa. 

Coshocton, county, O. Situated centrally m 
the E. part of the state, and contains 562 sq. ms. 
Watered by Killbuck cr., Whitewoman's cr., or 
Walhonding r., and Tuscarawas r. The two lat- 
ter unite at Coshocton v., to form the Muskingum 
r. First settled in 1807. Organized in 1811. The 
surface is uneven, but the lulls are arable, and 
the valleys on the rivers exceedingly fertile. 
There are salt wells, muieral coal, ami iron, and 
lead ore in the co. Capital, Coshocton. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 15,869, sheep 31,967, 
swine 27,905 ; wheat 319,755 bush, produced, 
rye 8,667, Ind. corn 468,898, buckwheat 12,988, 
oats 186,597, potatoes 57,656 ; 38 stores, cap. 
$54,890 ; 1 furnace, 11 tanneries, 4 distilleries, 4 
flouring m., 10 grist m., 26 saw m., 1 oil m., 1 
printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in 
manufac. $90,130. 14 sch. 484 scholars. Pop. 
1830, 11,162; 1840,21,590. 

Coshocton, p-v., capital of Coshocton co., O.. 
S3 E. N. E. Columbus, 337 W. Situated at the 
confluence of the Walhonding and Tuscarawas 
rivers, on the s. e. side, at the head of the Mus- 
kingum r. It is laid out on 4 terraces of land, 
each rising 9 feet above tlie other, the first three 
about 400 feet wide, and the last 1,000 feet. It 
is regularly laid oiU, with streets running at right 
angles with eacii otiier, and dividing the v. into 
.36 blocks of 400 feet square, each divided into 8 
lots. It contains a brick court house, a jail, and 
a large steam flouring and saw m. 'J'here are in 
the t. 6 stores, cap. $7,600 ; 1 tannery, 1 printing 
office, 1 weekly paper. Cap. in manufac. $2,930. 
Pop. 625. 

CossAWAGO, t., Crawford co., Pa. It has 1 
store, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$4,600. 7 sch. 300 scholars. Pop. 1,269._ 

CosMOPOLi, p-0., Pickaway co., O., 25 s. Co- 
lumbus, 396 W. 

Cote Sans Dessein, p-v., Callaway co.. Mo., 

II E. by n. Jefferson city, 935 W. Situated on 
the N. bank of Missouri r., a little below, and op- 
posite the entrance of Osage r. It is the site of 
an old French village, and derives its name from 
an isolated hill on the river bank. The t. has 3 
sch. 60 scholars. Pop. 609. 

Cotile, p-o., Rapides par., La., 319 N. W. by 
w. New Orleans, 1,238 W. 



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155 



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Cottage, p-o., Montgomery co., Md., 48 w. N. 
w. Annapolis, 8 W. 

Cottage Grove, p-o., Dane co., Wis., 21 Mad- 
ison, 849 W. 

Cottage Grove, p-o., Clark co., la. 

Cottage Home, p-o., Lincoln co., N. C. 

Cotton, t., Switzerland co., la. Pop. 1,450. 

Cotton Gin, p-o., Lauderdale co., Ala., 145 n. 
Tuscaloosa, 754 W. 

Cotton Gin Port, p-v., Monroe co., Miss., 
180 N. E. Jackson, 905 W. Situated on the E. 
side of the Tombigbee r., immediately below the 
junction of the E. and w. branches, at the head 
of navigation. 

Cotton Grove, p-o., Davidson co., N. C, 102 
W. Raleigh, 359 W. 

Cotton Grove, p-o., Madison co., Tenn., 137 
w. s. w. Nashville, 821 W. 

Cotton Hill, p-o., Randolph co., Ga. 

Cotton Plant, p-o., Tippah co.. Miss., 202 n. 
N. E. Jackson, 874 W. 

Cotton River, p-o., Henry co., Ga., 72 w. by 
N. flIilledgevOle, 676 W. 

Cottonville, p-v., Marshall co., Ala., 109 n. 
E. Tuscaloosa, 706 W. 

Cottrelville, t., St. Clair co., Mich. It has 
3 stores, cap. $3,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 flouring m., 1 
saw m. Cap. m manufac. $25,500. Population, 
602. 

CoTUiT Village, p-v., Barnstable co., Ms., 68 
s. s. E. Boston, 469 W. 

Coudersport, p-v., capital of Potter Co., Pa., 
170 N. N. w. Harrisburg, 280 W. Situated on the 
N. side of Alleghany r. It has 2 public squares, 
one on which stands the court house and other 
public buildings, and 1 for an academy ; 3 church- 
es — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Methodist — 4 
stores, 25 dwellings, and 140 inhabitants. 

Coultersville, p-o., Butler co.. Pa., 213 w. 
by N. Harrisburg, 255 W. 

Councill's Store, p-o., Ashe co., N. C, 224 
w. by N. Raleigh, 388 W. 

CouNTV Line, p-o., Niagara co., N. Y., 272 w. 
by N. Albany, 415 W. 

County Line, p-o., Davies co., N. C, 146 w. 
Raleigh, 364 W. 

County Line, p-o., Campbell co., Ga., 117 w. 
N. w. Milledgeville, 712 W. 

County Line, p-o., Chambers co., Ala., 151 e. 
by s. Tuscaloosa, 788 W. 

County Line, p-o., Scott co.. Miss., 60 e. 
Jackson, 957 W. 

Coursenville, p-v., Stillwater t., Sussex co., 
N. J., 83 N. Trenton, 252 W. It is situated 5 s. 
w. Newton, the capital of the co., and contains 1 
store and 6 or 8 dwellings. 

Courtableau, river. La., after a course of 35 
ms. flows into the Atchafalaya r. 

Courtesy, p-o., Floyd co., Ga., 154 s. w. by 
w. Milledgeville, 679 W. 

Courtland, p-v., Lawrence co., Ala., 119 w. 
Tuscaloosa, 759 W. 

Courtwrigiit, p-v.. Bloom t., Fairfield co., 
O., 20 s. E. Columbus, 3S5 W. 

Coushohocken, p-o., Montgomery co.. Pa. 

Cove Creek, p-o., Benton co., Ala., 131 e. s. 
E. Tuscaloosa, 724 W. 

Coventry, p-t., Orleans co., Vt., 54 n. by e. 
MontpeUer, 566 W. Watered by Barton and 
Black rivers, which enter into Lake Memphre- 
magog, and aflford good water power. The n. 
part of the t. lies on the lake. Chartered in 1785, 
but not settled until 1800. The soil is generally 
fertile, consisting of a deep rich loam. It has 2 
stores, cap. §16,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 
grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,500. 7 
sch. 300 scholars. Pop. 786. 



Coventry Gore, a small strip of unincorpo- 
rated land, Orleans co., Vt. Pop. 10. 

Coventry, t., Grafton co., N. H., 12 e. s. e. 
Haverhill, 70 n. n. w. Concord. Watered by 
branches of Wild Amonoosuck r. and Oliverian 
brook. The surface is rough and mountainous. 
Moosehillock mountain, 4,636 feet above tide wa- 
ter, is in the s. e. part of the t. Chartered in 
1764. It has 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $2,600. 6 sch. 175 scholars. Pop. 413. 

Coventry, p-t., Tolland co., Ct., 17 e. Hart- 
ford, 353 W. The surface is uneven, and the 
soil a gravelly loam. Willimantic r. runs on its 
E. border, and Hop r. on its s. border, furnishing 
good water power, which has been improved. 
Incorporated in 1711. It has4 stores, cap. !iii9,I00 ; 
3 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 2 cotton fac. 830 sp., 
2 tanneries, 1 paper fac, 3 grist m., 6 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $196,137. 11 sch. 577 scholars. 
Pop. 2,018. 

Coventry, t., Chester co., Pa. Situated on 
Tioga r. The surface is hilly ; soil, gravelly loam 
and clay. Exports lumber. Coal and iron ore 
abound. The village is on the e. bank of Tioga r. 
There are in the t. 15 stores, cap. $20,000 ; 1 
forge, 1 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 7 
grist m., 6 saw m., 1 oil m., 11 sch. 335 scholars. 
Pop. 2,620. 

Coventry, p-t., Kent co., R. I., 13 s. w. Provi- 
dence, 395 W. Watered by Flat r. and the s. 
branch of the Pawtuxet r., affording extensive 
water power, which has been improved m ex- 
tensive manufiicturing. The surface is rough, 
and the soil, sand or gravelly loam, adapted to 
grazing. Incorporated in 1742. It has 14 stores, 
cap. $14,300 ; 1 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 14 cot- 
ton fac. 24,612 sp., 9 grist m., 11 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac $393,800. 13 sch. 239 scholars. Pop. 
3,433. 

Coventry, p-t., Chenango co., N. Y., 114 w. 
s. w. Albany, 320 W. The surface is hilly and 
broken, and the soil sandy loam, adapted to 
grass. Watered by Harper's and Kelsey's 
creeks, branches of the Susquehanna r. The v. 
contains 2 churches, 2 stores, 40 dwellings, and 
about 200 inhabitants. There are in the town, 2 
stores, cap. $6,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 4 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. .$5,150. 15 sch. 699 
scholars. Pop. 1,681. 

Coventry', t.. Summit co., O. It has 5 sch. 
186 scholars. Pop. 1,308. 

Coventryville, p-v., Coventry t., Chenango 
CO., N. Y., 114 w. s. w. Albany, 320 W. It con- 
tains 1 church, 1 store, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., and 
15 or 20 dwellings. 

Covert, p-t., Seneca co., N. Y., 176 w. Alba- 
ny, 309 W. The surface is elevated and level, 
and the soil fertile. Drained by several small 
streams which flow into Cayuga lake. This lake 
lies on its e. boundary. Organized in 1817. The 
v. contains 1 store, and 6 or 8 dw ellings. There 
are in the t., 1 store, cap. $6,000 ; 1 tannery, 4 
saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $11,000. 12 
sch. 422 scholars. Pop. 1,563. 

Cove Spring, po., Ralls co.. Mo., 91 n. n. e. 
Jeflferson city, 915 W. 

Covesville, p-v., Albemarle co., Va., 92 n. w. 
by w. Richmond, 142 W. It contains 1 Presby- 
terian chm-ch, 1 store, 1 tannery, and about 30 
inhabitants. 

Coveville, p-o., Northumberland t., Saratoga 
CO., N. Y., 33 N. by e. Albany, 403 W. 

Covington, county, Ala. Situated in the s. 
part of the state, and contains 1,664 sq. ms. 
Drained by Conecuh r. and its branches, and 
Yellow Water and Pea rivers. The soil is of an 
inferior quality. Capital, Montezuma. Thexo 



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156 



COX 



were in 1840, neat cattle 17,532, sheep 695, swine 
8 573 • Inii. com 47,946 bush, produced, potatoes 
9531 rice 1,770 pounds, cotton 30,305 ; Z stores, 
cap. '$11,200; 10 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in 
manufec. $14,860. 4 sch. 59 scholars. Pop. 
1830, 1,522 ; 1840, whites 2,055, slaves 371, free 
col'd 9 ; total, 2,435. 

Covington, county. Miss. Situated in the 
s. part of the state, and contains 960 sq. ms. 
Drained by branches of Leaf r., a tributary of the 
Pascagoula r. The soil for the most part is rather 
sterile, and covered with light and open pine 
W'oods. There are some portions of good land. 
Capital, Williamsburg. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 10,102, sheep 1,385, swine 11,765; 
wheat 2,278 bush, produced. Lid. corn 94,977, 
oats 3,490, potatoes 20,638, rice 11,755 pounds, 
cotton 504,266 ; 7 stores, $22,200 ; 2 tanneries, 8 
grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $22,450. 1 
acad. 30 students, 3 sch. 76 scholars. Pop. 1830, 
2,551 ; 1840, whites 1,861, slaves 855, free col'd 
1 ; total, 2,717. 

Covington, p-t., Wyoming co., N. Y., 241 w. 
by N. Albany, 359 W. The t. was divided on 
the erection of Wyoming co., in 1841, and the N. 
half still belongs to Genesee co. by the name of 
Pavilion. The surface is uneven, and the soil a 
productive clay loam. The v. contains 1 church, 
I store, and 15 or 20 dwellings. There are in 
the t., 2 stores, cap. $8,000 ; 1 fuUing m., 2 tan- 
neries, 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$10,500. 17 sch. 604 scholars. Pop. 2,438. 

Covington, p-b., Covington t., Tioga co., Pa., 
133 n. Harrisburg, 248 W. Situated on a branch 
of Tioga cr. Incorporated in 1831. It has 30 or 
40 dwellings. It has 3 stores, cap. $16,500 ; 1 
tannery, 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$14,850. 1 sch. 45 scholars. Pop. 940. 

Covington, t., Luzerne co., Pa. Drained by 
the Lehigh r., which runs on its ,s. E. and s. 
boundary. It contains the v. of Stoddartsville at 
the great falls of tlie Lehigh. It has extensive 
water power, and contains 1 store, cap. $4,000 ; 
1 flouring m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,450. 
Pop. 596. 

Covington, p-v., capital of Alleghany co., Va., 
196 w. Richmond, 233 W. Situated on Jackson's 
r., near the junction of Potts cr., where the west- 
ern navigation of James r. and its branches ter- 
minates. It has a court house, jail, and other 
county buildings, 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 
Episcopal, and 1 Methodist — an academy, about 

60 dwellings, m.any of them of brick and hand- 
some, 3 stores, and a number of mechanic shops, 
and about 300 inhabitants. Its situation among 
the mountains is beautiful and romantic. 

Covington, p-v., Richmond co., N. C, 123 s 
W. Raleigh, 397 W. 
Covington, p-v., capital of Newton co., Ga., 

61 N. w. Milledgeville, 043 W. Situated 3h e. of 
Yellow r., a branch of the Ockmulgee r. It has 
a court house, jail, 3 churches, and an academy. 
Two ms. N. of this place is Emery College, under 
the dircclion of the .Methodists. It was founded 
in 1837, has a president and 4 professors, or other 
instructors, and 35 students. 

Covington, pv., capital of St. Tammany par., 
La., 45 N. New Orleans, 1,127 W. Situated on a 
small r. which flows into Lake Pontchartrain. It 
contauis a court house, and several dwellings. 

Covi.n'gton, p-v., Tipton co., Tenn., 185 w s 
w. Nashville, 868 W. Situated on a branch of 
Big Ilalchy r. 

Covington, city, p-v., Kenton co., Ky., 85 s. 
K. Frankfort, 493 \\\ Situated on the Ohio r., at 
the muuili of Licking cr., on its w. side, directly 
opposite to Cincinnati, of wliich, from the arrange- 



ment of the streets, it appears like a continuation. 
Newport lies on the opposite side of the Licldng. 
Covington contains 6 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 
1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, 1 Universalist, 1 Roman 
Catholic, and 1 Christian or Campbellite — 4 
academies or high-schools, 18 stores, and 800 
dwellings. It has a branch of the Northern Bank 
of Kentucky, 9 tobacco manufactories, the largest 
mill for rolling iron in the West, 1 cotton fac, 2 
fulling m., 1 bagging and rope fac, 2 slaughter- 
houses which pack 60,000 hogs annually. The 
Western Baptist Theological Institute is located 
here. Pop. 2,026. 

Covington, p-v., Newbury t., Miami co., O., 
77 w. Columbus, 469 W. It is situated on the e. 
bank of Stillwater r., opposite the entrance of 
Greenville cr. It is elevated 60 feet above the 
r., and contains 5 stores, various mechanic shops, 
and about 60 dwellings. Pop. 331. 

Covington, p-v., capital of Fountain co., la., 
74 w. n. w. Indianapolis, 645 W. Situated on 
the E. bank of Wabash r. It contains a court 
house and several stores and dwellings. 

CowANSviLLE, p-v., RowaD CO., N. C, 134 w. 
Raleigh, 371 W. 

Cowan, t., Wayne co., Mo. It has 1 sch. 17 
scholars. Pop. 432. 

Cow Creek, p-o.. Saline co., Mo., 72 n. w. 
Jefferson city, 997 W. 

Cowingsiiannock, p-o., Armstrong co.. Pa., 
187 w. N. w. Harrisburg, 235 W. 

CowLESviLLE, p-o., Bennington t., Wyoming 
CO., N. Y., 268 w. Albany, 374 W. 

Cowpasture, r., Va., a branch of James r. 
from the N. 

CowPER Hill, p-o., Robeson co., N. C, 113 
s. s. w. Raleigh, 405 W. 

CowpENS, p-o., Spartiinburg dist., S. C, 117 
N. w. Columbia, 458 W. Situated between Pa- 
colet and Broad rivers. In this vicinity the 
Americans, under Gen. Morgan, defeated the 
British, under Col. Tarleton, Jan. 11th, 1781, in 
which the American loss in killed, wounded, and 
prisoners, was 72, and the British, 800. 

Coweta, county, Ga. Situated in the w. part 
of the state, and contains 532 sq. ras. Chatta- 
hoochee r. runs on its n. w. boundary, and Fluit 
r. on its e. border. Drained by New r. and 
Wliite Oak and Cedar creeks. Capital, Nevvnan. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 11,150, sheep 
5,592, swine 2,396 ; wheat55,147 bush, produced, 
rye 630, Ind. corn 371,753, barley 106, oats 
24,735, potatoes 9,117, tobacco 5,275 pounds, 
cotton 4,556,905 ; 14 stores, cap. 72,000 ; 6 tanne- 
ries, 2 distilleries, 17 grist m., 8 saw m., 1 print- 
ing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. m manu- 
fac. $8,640. 6 aciid. 237 students, 8 sch. 204 
scholars. Pop. 1830, 5,003 ; 1840, whites 7,263, 
slaves 3,078, free col'd 23; total, 10,364. 

CoxsACKiE, p-t., Greene co., N. Y., 22 s. Al- 
bany, 12 N. Catskill, 347 W. The surface is 
level on the e., but hilly and broken on the w. ; 
soil, clay, and sandy loam. The Hudson rims 
on Its E. border. Drained by a few small streams, 
flowing into the Hudson. The v. is 1 m. w. of 
the landing on Hudson r., and contains 1 Dutch 
Reformed church, 15 stores, 1 tannery, 80 dwell- 
ings, and about 500 inhabitants. There are in 
the t., 3 com. houses, cap. $58,(X>0 ; 31 stores, 
cap. $97,600 ; 2 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 prmting 
office, 1 weekly pajier, 6 grist m., 6 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $78,260. 1 acad. 54 students, 
12 sch.^ 394 scholars. Pop. 3,539. 

Cox's Creek, p o., Knox co., Tenn., 175 e. 
Nashville, 520 W. 

Cox's Store, p-o., Sampson co., N. C, 114 3. 
,s. E. Raleigh, 344 W. 



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157 



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Chab Bottom, p-o., Pendleton co., Va., 173 
N. w. Richmond, 189 W. 

Crab Orchard, p-v., Lincoln co., Ky., 62 s 
s. E. Frankfort, 575 W. It contains 1 church, an 
academy, and about 300 inhabitants. 

Crab Run, p-o., Pendleton co., Va., 151 x. w 
Richmond, 178 W. It has 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 
and some mechanics. 
Cracker's Neck, p-o., Greene co., Ga. 

Crafton, p-v., Pittsylvania co., Va., 167 s. w 
by w. Richmond, 242 W. It contains 7 dwell- 
ings, and several mechanic shops. 

Craftsbury, p-t., Orleans co., Vt., 33 n. by 
E. Montpelier, 549 W. Watered by Black r., 
which flows N. into Lake Memphremagog, and by 
a branch of the Lamoille r., which flows into 
Lake Champlain. The v. is on elevated ground, 
commanding a fine prospect, lies round a public 
green 80 by 24 rods, and is a place of considera- 
ble business. It has 3 stores, cap. $12,000 , 1 
tannery, 1 gri.st m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
§2,150. 1 acad. 65 students, 10 sch. 356 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,151. 

Craig's Meadows, p-o., Monroe co.. Pa., 134 
N. E. by E. Ilarrisburg, 228 W. 

Craig, t., Switzerland co., la. It has 1 sch. 
35 scholars. Pop. 1,306. 

Craigsville, p-o., Blooming Grove t., Orange 
CO., N. Y., 99 w. by s. Albany, 280 W. It con- 
tains 1 store, 1 paper m., 1 grist m., 1 plaster m., 
1 saw m., and 12 or 15 dwellings. 

Crain's Corners, p-o., Warren t., Herkimer 
CO., N. Y., 69 w. N. w. Albany, 380 W. 

Crain's Creek, p-o., Moore co., N. C, 76 s. 
w. Raleigh, 364 W. 

Crainsville, p-o., Hardeman co., Tenn., 165 
e. w. by w. Nashville, 165 W. 

CRAxr.ERRY, p-v., Middlesex co., N. J., 22 n. 
E. Trenton, 183 W. It lies partly in South 
Brunswick t., and partly in South Amboy t. The 
surface is level, and the soil light and sandy. 
The village contains 2 churches, 2 academies, 2 
stores, a grist m., 2 tanneries, about 80 dwellings, 
and 500 inhabitants. Cranberry brook, a tributa- 
ry of Millstone r., flows through the place. 

Cranberry, t., Butler co., Pa., 11 s. w. But- 
ler. The surface is rolling ; soil, loam and clay. 
Watered by Glade run, and Breakneck and 
Brush creeks. It has 2 stores, cap. $2,000 ; 5 
grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $12,021. 
9 sch. 336 scholars. Pop. 1,822. 

Cranberry, t., Crawford co., O. It has 6 
sch. 285 scholars. Pop. 679. 

Cranberry, p-t., Venango co., Pa., 207 w. n. 
w. Harrisburg, 287 W. Alleghany r. runs on 
the n. and w. border. It has 1 store, cap. $5,000 ; 
4 fiirnaces, 4 gristm., 3 saw m., 4 sch. 105 schol- 
ars. Pop. 942. 

Cranberry Creek, p-o., Mayfield t., Fulton 
CO., N. Y. 

Crandell's Ferry, p-o., Whitesides co., 111., 
170 n. Springfield, 865 W. 

Crane Creek, p-o., Greene co.. Mo., 185 s. s. 
W. JefTerson city, 1,100 W. 

Cranesville, p-o., Amsterdam t., Montgome- 
ry CO., N. Y., 29 w. n. w. Albany, 397 W. 

Cranesville, p-o., Paulding co., O., 166 n. 
w. Columbus, 518 W. 

Cranesville, p-v., Daviess co.. Mo. It has 
in the t., 1 sch. 18 scholars. Pop. 1,269. 

Cranston, t.. Providence co., R. I., 5 s. w. 
Providence. The soil is productive in fruits and 
vegetables for the Providence market, but much 
of the surface is uneven and rough. Watered 
by Pawtuxet and Powchasset rivers, which afford 
water power. It has 11 stores, cap. $8,800; 1 
furnace, I fulling m., 4 cotton fac. 3,176 sp., 2 



dyeing and print, estab., 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 2 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $275,705. 10 acad. 
424 students, 3 sch. 51 scholars. Pop. 2,962. 

Craven, county, N. C. Situated in the s. E. 
part of the state, and contains 1,100 sq. ms. 
Neuse r. passes through the co., and enters into 
a wide bay, which connects with Pamlico sound. 
The surface is level, and often marshy, and the 
soil is generally fertile. Capital, New Berne. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 6,55S, sheep 
5,683, swine 19,222 ; wheat 3,639 bush, produced, 
rye 999, Ind. com 143,835, oats 3,85S, potatoes 
52,864, rice 18,493 pounds, cotton 66,833 ; 139,027 
barrels of tar, pitch and turpentine ; 60 stores, 
cap. $390,460 ; 2 tanneries, 2 flouring m., 20 grist 
m., 11 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly news- 
paper. Cap. in manufac. $166,960. 4 acad. 151 
students, 8 sch. 252 scholars. Pop. 1830. 14,325 ; 
1840, whites 6,624, slaves 5,702, free col'd 1,112; 
total, 13,433. 

Cravenville, p-o.. Craven co., N. C, 136 s. 
E. by E. Raleigh, 364 W. Situated a Uttle w. of 
the Neuse r. 

Crawford, county. Pa. Situated in the n. 
w. part of the state, and contains 1,016 sq. ms. 
Watered by French cr. and its branches, and by 
Shenango cr. Iron ore is found. Oil cr. affords 
bituminous oil. It exports cattle and horses. 
Capital, Meadville. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 30,052, sheep 43,392, swine 30,663 ; wheat 
125,592 bush, produced, rye 40,455, Ind. corn 
178,400, buckwheat 52,518, barley 825, oats 
224,897, potatoes 348,252, sugar 214,417 pounds ; 
62 stores, cap. $196,200; 2 furnaces, 11 fulling 
m., 14 tanneries, 14 distilleries, 1 brewery, 2 
potteries, 3 flouring m., 39 grist m., 129 saw m., 
2 oil m., 2 paper fac, 2 printing offices, 2 weekly 
newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $271,855. 1 col- 
lege, 143 students, 42 sch. 1,037 scholars Pop. 
1830, 16,067 ; 1840, 31,724. 

Crawford, county, Ga. Situated w. of the 
centre of the state, and contains 360 sq. ms. 
Flint r. runs on its s. w. border, and a branch of 
Ocknmlgee r. waters its n. e. part. The soil is 
sandy, and much of it poor. Capital, Knoxville. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 9,024, sheep 
3,200, swine 20,953 ; wheat 19,700 bush, produ- 
ced, rye 819, Ind. corn 1,494,460, oats 16,328, 
potatoes 2,665, cotton 4,050,531 pounds ; 12 stores, 
cap. $102,800; 11 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $18,700. 9 sch. 279 scholars. Pop. 
1830, 5,313 ; 1840, wliites 4,412, slaves 3,568, free 
col'd 1 ; total, 7,981. 

Crawford, county, O. Situated toward the 
N. part of the state, and contains 590 sq. ms. 
Drained by Sandusky r. and its tributaries. The 
surface is an elevated table land. Organized in 
1826, but constituted in 1820. Capital, Bucyrus. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 14,761, sheep 
14,331, swine 31,725 ; wheat 199,270 bush, pro- 
duced, rye 15,057, Ind. corn 227,240, buckwheat 
7,554, barley 1,541, oats 153,711, potatoes 59,290, 
sugar 46,917 pounds; 12 stores, cap. $14,270; 7 
tanneries, 2 distilleries, 1 brewery, 2 flouring m., 
15 grist m., 30 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 printing offices, 
2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $9,725. 
97 sch. 5,310 scholars. Pop. 1830, 4,778 ; 1840, 
13,1.52. 

Crawford, county, la. Situated in the s. 
part of the state, and has Ohio r. on its s. e. bor- 
der. It contains 432 sq. ms. The surface is 
hilly and broken. Blue r. runs on its e. border. 
Organized in 1818. Capital, Fredonia. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 3,679, sheep 4,588, 
swuie 8,022 ; wheat 22,201 bush, produced, Ind. 
corn 94,396, oats 41,362, potatoes 4,831, tobacco 
21,100 pomids ; 14 stores, cap. $77,200 ; 2 woollen 



CRA 



15S 



CRA 



far., 3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 flouring m., 8 gnst 
m., 7 saw m., 1 printing oflice, 1 weekly news- 
paper. Cap. in manufac. $7,000. 8 sell. 310 
scholars. Fop. 5,282. 

Cr.wvford, county, 111. Situated toward the 
s. E. part of the state, and contains 426 sq. ins. 
The Wabash r. runs on its e. border, and Em- 
barrass r. passes through its s. w. part. Drain- 
ed by tributaries of these rivers. It has some 
rich prairies. Capital, Palestine. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 5,757, sheep 3,837, swine 
13,924 ; wheat 15,932 bush, produced, Ind. corn 
301,582, oats 36,260, potatoes 5,5)4, tobacco 
4,315 pounds, sugar 5,797; 18 stores, cap. 
$55,650 ; 4 tanneries, 6 grist m., 3 saw m., 1 oil 
m. Cap. in manufac. $21,-180. 9 sch. 253 schol- 
ars. Pop. 4,422. 

Crawford, county. Wis. Situated in the n 
w. part of the territory. It ha? the Mississippi 
r. w., and the Wisconsin r. s. The surface is 
hilly and mountainous, with rich bottoms along 
the streams. It abounds with excellent pine 
timber, and has abundant water power for mills. 
Capital, Prairie du Chien. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 808, swine 66G ; wheat 2,092 bush, 
produced, Ind. corn 5,258, oats 9,299, potatoes 
7,522 ; value of skins and furs, $27,800 ; 5 stores, 
cap. $38,000 ; 1 grist ra., 5 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $55,000. 2 sch. 42 scholars. Pop. 1,502. 

Cr.vwford, county. Mo. Situated s. e. of the 
centre of the state. It contains 1,650 sq. ms. 
The surface and .soil are various. Drained by 
Maramec r. and its tributaries. Iron ore abounds 
and is wrought. The Maramec Iron Works are 
supplied with water by a large spring, which 
discharges 30,000 cubic feet of water per minute. 
Capital, Steelville. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 5,461, sheep 3,851, swine 12,471 ; wheat 
14,233 bush, produced, Ind. com 180,555, oats 
16,665, potatoes 5,134, tobacco 10,336 pounds, 
cotton 1,122, sugar 4,954; 11 stores, cap. $20,500 ; 
1 tannery, 2 distilleries, 7 grist m., 3 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $4,925. 7 sch. 116 scholars. 
Pop. 1830, 1,712; 1840, whites 3,377, slaves 184; 
total, 3,561. 

Cr.\wford, county, Ark. Situated m the n. 
w. part of the state. It contains 7,800 sq. ms. 
Watered by Arkansas r., which passes tlirough 
the middle of it from w. to e. The surface is 
various, consisting of mountains and prairies, 
and wood is found near the streams. Capital, 
Van Buren. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
5,860, sheep 1,783, swine 12,491 ; wheat 1.513 
bush, produced, Ind. corn 209,549, oats 6,366, 
potatoes 9,138, cotton 12,825 pound.s ; 5 commer- 
cial and 2 com. houses, cap. $76,000; 1 lumber- 
yard, cap. $600 ; 36 stores, cap. $289,200 ; 1 tan- 
nery. Cap. in manufac. $2,300. 3 sch. 61 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1830, 2,440; 1840, whites 3,614 slaves 
G18, free col'd 34 ; total, 4,266. 

Crawford, p-t.. Orange co., N. Y., 92 s. by 
W. Albany, 294 W. The .surface is hilly ; soil, 
clay and sandy loam. Shawangunk r. bounds 
n on the N. w. It has 7 .stores, cap. $11,300 ; 1 
fuUmg m., 2 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 5 grist m' 6 
sawm. Cap. in manufac. $24,010. 10 sch 546 
scholars. Pop. 2,075. 

Crawford, t., Washington co., Me. It has 3 
sch. 90 scholars. Pop. 500. 

Crawford, t, Coshocton co., O. It has 3 
stores, cap. $2,500 ; 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 oil m 
Caj). m manufac. $150. Pop. 1,134. 

Crawford, p-o., Crawford co., O 84 n Cn 
lumbus, 434 W. Pop. 812. 

Crawford, t., Buchanan co., Mo. It has 2 
sch. 53 scholars. Pop. 930. 

Crawford, p-v., Estill co., Ky., 98 s. e. 



Frankfort, 553 W. Situated on the n. bank of 
the N. Fork of Kentucky r., and contains 10 in- 
habitants. 

Crawford, p-o., Decatur co., Ga. 

Crawford's Mills, p-o., Westmoreland co., 
Pa., 193 w. Harrisburg, 219 W. 

Crawfordsville, p-v., capital of TalUafero 
CO., Ga., 62 N. by e. Milledgeville, 604 W. Sit- 
uated between Ogeechee and Little rivers. It 
contains a court house, jail, 2 churches, 1 Bap- 
tist and 1 Methodist, and an academy. 

Crawfordsville, p-v., capital of Montgomery 
CO., la., 45 N. w. by w. Indianapolis, 616 W. 
Situated on the s. side of Sugar cr. It contains 
a court house, a U. S. land office, several stores 
and dwellings. A macadamized road from In- 
dianapolis to Lafayette passes through this place, 
and another from New Albany on the Ohio, 
terminates here. It is the seat of Wabash col- 
lege, founded in 1833, which has a president and 

4 professors, or other instructors, 100 students, and 
2,000 vols, in its libraries. The commencement 
is on the 2d Wednesday in July. There are in 
the t., 2 acad. 243 students, 4 sch. 127 scholars. 
Pop. 1,327. 

Craytonville, p-v., Anderson dist., S. C, 
114 w. N. w. Columbia, 542 W. 

Creagerstown, p-v., Frederick co., Md., 88 n 
w. Annapolis, 56 W. 

Creed's Bridge, p-o.. Princess Anne co., Va., 
136 s. E. by E. Richmond, 261 W. 

Creek, t., Washington co.. Pa. It has 4 stores, 
cap. $8,000 ; 3 tanneries, 1 flouring m., 6 grist m., 

5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $25,050. 12 sch. 
566 scholars. Pop. 2,006. 

Creelsburg , p-v., Russell co., Ky., 109 s. 
Frankfort, 623 W. Situated on the n. side of 
Cumberland r. 

Crete, p-o.. Will co., El., 187 n. e. Spiing- 
field, 720 W. 

Crf.ighton's Store, p-o., Brunswick co., Va., 
91 w. by s. Richmond, 207 W. 

Criglersville, p-o., Madison co., Va., 106 n. 
w. Richmond, 101 W. 

Cripple Creek, p-o., Greenville dist., S. C, 
93 N. w. by w. Columbia, 579 W. 

Crittenden, county, Ky., taken from Livings- 
ton CO., in 1842. Situated in the w. part of the 
state, and contains 540 sq. ms. Drained by small 
branches of Ohio and Cumberland rivers. The 
surface is level ; soil, fertile. Capital, Salem. 

Crittenden, co.. Ark., situated toward the n 
E. part of the state, and contains 2,100 sq. miles. 
The Mississippi runs on its e. border. The sur- 
face is level, and liable, to a considerable extent, 
to be overflowed. The soil is highly productive, 
where it is sufficiently elevated for cultivation. 
Capital, Marion. There were in 1840, neat cat- 
tle 3,774, sheep 76, swine 4,529 ; Indian corn 
69,669 bushels produced, cotton 2,320 pounds ; 
mercantile cap. $17,294 ; 6 grist m. Pop. 1830. 
1,272 ; 1840, whites 196, slaves 454, free col'd 11 ; 
total, 1,561. 

Crittenden, p-v.. Grant co., Ky., 60 n. n. e. 
Frankfort, 518 W. 

Crittenden, v., Clarke co., Ark., 82 s. w. 
Little Rock. 

Crockett's, p-o., Davidson co., Tenn., 15 e, 
Nashville, 699 W. 

Crockettsville, p-v., capital of Russell co., 
Ala., 182 E. s. E. Tuscaloosa, 769 W. It has a 
court house and a few dwellings. 

Croghan, t., Lewis co., N. Y., 141 N. w. Al- 
bany. The surface is hilly and mountainous; 
soil, various, but fertile in the valleys. 

Croghax, p-o., Putnam co., O., 110 N. w. Co- 
lumbus, 475 W. 



CRO 



159 



CUB 



Crogansville, v., is a suburb of Pittsburg, Pa., 
without the city limits, on the road to Philadel- 
phia. 

Crooked Creek, p-o., Tioga co., Pa., 153 n. 
Harrisburg, 263 W. 

Crooked Creek, p-o., Stokes co., N. C, 129 
W. N. w. Raleigh, 309 W. 

Crooked Creek, p-o., Talladega co., Ala. 

Crooked Creek, p-t., Carroll co.. Ark., 205 
N. N. w. Little Rock, 1,131 W. It has 2 sch. 50 
scholars. Pop. 664. 

Crooked Creek, p-o., Steuben co., la., 182 
N. N. E. Indianapolis, 553 W. 

Crooked Creek, p-o., Clinton co.. El., 104 s. 
Springfield, 779 W. 

Crooked Hill, p-o., Montgomery co., Pa., 75 
E. Harrisburg, 168 W. 

Crooked Lake, in Steuben and Yates cos., N. 
Y., is 18 miles long, and irom 1 to li wide. The 
land rises from its shores to a considerable height, 
presenting beautiful and picturesque scenery. 
The N. part is divided into 2 branches, separated 
by Bluff Point, a promontory 800 feet high, 
which runs a considerable distance between the 
parts of the lake. The outlet has a fall of 270 
feet in 7 miles, and affords excellent water power. 
It flows into Seneca lake. A canal connects this 
with Seneca lake, and thence with the Erie canal. 

Crooked River, t., Ray co.. Mo. Pop. 631. 

Cromwell, t., Huntingdon co.. Pa. It has 1 
store, cap. ,$3,000 ; 3 furnaces, 1 forge, 2 grist ni., 
3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,755. 1 sch. 21 
scholars. Pop. 1,140. 

Cropwell, p-o., St. Clair co., Ala., 109 n. e. 
Tuscaloosa, 745 W. 

Crosby, t., Hamilton co., O. It has 3 sch. 89 
scholars. Pop. 1,876. 

Crosbyville, p-v., Chester dist., S. C, 72 n. 
Columbia, 476 W. 

Cross Anchor, p-o., Spartanburg dist., S. C, 
84 N. w. Columbia, 482 W. 

Crossanville, p-v., Jackson t., Perry county, 
Ohio. 

Cross Creek, t., Jefferson co., O., situated on 
the w. side of Great Miami r. It is well watered 
by small streams, and highly cultivated. It has 
1 store, cap. $800 ; 1 fulling m., 2 flouring m., 4 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,800. 6 sch. 320 
scholars. Pop. 1,707. 

Cross Creek Village, p-o., Wasliington co.. 
Pa., 229 w. Harrisburg, 256 W. 

Cross Cut, p-o., Beaver co.. Pa. 

Cross Hill, p-o., Laurens' dist., S. C, 69 w. 
N. w. Columbia, 517 W. 

Crossingville, p-v., Crawford co., Pa., 249 
N. w. by w. Harrisburg, 322 W. 

Cross Keys, p-v., Gloucester co., N. J., 46 s. 
by w. Trenton, 156 W. 

Cross Keys, p-o., Rockingham co., Va., 123 
N. w. Richmond, 138 W. 

Cross Keys, p-o., Union dist., S. C, 69 n. w. 
Columbia, 517 W. 

Cross Keys, p-o., De Kalb co., Ga., 100 n. w. 
Milledgevi!le,674W. 

Cross Keys, p-o., Livingston co., Ky. 

Cross Keys, p-o., Macon co., Ala., 142 s. e. 
Tuscaloosa, 809 W. 

Cross Keys, p-o., Roane co., Tenn., 147 e. s. 
E. Nashville, 558 W. 

Cross Plains, p-o., Robertson co., Tenn., 34 
N. w. Nashville, 696 W. 

Cross Plains, p-o., Ripley co., la., 78 s. e. 
Indianapolis, 553 W. 

Cross Plains, p-o., Callaway co., Mo., 38 n. 
E. Jefferson city, 917 W. 

Cross Plains, p-o., Murray co., Ga., 194 n. w. 
Milledgeville, 615 W. 



Cross River, p-o., Lewisborongh t., West- 
chester CO., N. Y., 172 s. Albany, 275 W. 

Cross Roads, p-o., York co., Pa., 37 s. Harris- 
burg, 103 W. 

Cross Roads, p-o., Madison co., O., 53 w. Co- 
lumbus, 434 W. 

Cross Roads, p-o., Bedford co., Va., 161 w. 
by s. Richmond, 236 W. 

Cross Roads, p-o., Cobb co., Ga., 106 n. w. 
Milledgeville, 684 W. 

Cross Roads, p-o., Gasconade co.. Mo., 16 s. e. 
Jefferson city, 952 W. 

Crossville, p-o., Forsyth co., Ga., 120 n. w. 
Milledgeville, 640 W. • 

Crossville, p-o., Bledsoe co., Tenn., Ill s. e. 
Nashville, 570 VV. 

Crosswicks, p-v., Chesterfield t., Burlington 
CO., N. J., 8 s. s. E. Trenton, 174 W. It is situ- 
ated on the high s. bank of Crosswick's cr. It has 
a large Friends church, 6 stores, 1 saw m., 1 grist 
m., 50 dwellings, and about 300 inhabitants. 

Crowder's Creek, p-o.. Lincoln co., N. C, 
196 w. by s. Raleigh, 433 W. 

Crowley's, p-o., Greene co.. Ark., 182 n. e. 
Little Rock, 1,027 V^. 

Crow Meadows, p-o., Marshall co., 111., 92 n. 
Springfield, 785 W. 

Crown Point, p-t., Essex co., N. Y., 106 n. 
by e. Albany, 478 W. It has Lake Champlain 
on its E. border, and near it the land is level ; but 
toward the w. it is mountainous. The soil is 
clay loam. Drained by Putnam's cr., and other 
small streams. Here are the ruins of an old fort, 
much celebrated by important events in the French 
and revolutionary wars. They are situated on a 
point of land, projecting into Lake Champlam, in 
the N. E. angle of the town ; and are an object of 
interest to tlie traveller, not only from their his- 
torical associations, but for the beautiful scenery 
by which they are surrounded. The v. contains 
1 church, 1 store, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 plaster 
m., and 12 or 15 dwellings. There are in the t. 
6 stores, cap. $19,000; 1 furnace, 2 forges, 2 full- 
ing m., 2 tanneries, 4 grist m., 16 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $31,190. 16 sch. 621 scholars. Pop. 
2,212. 

Crown Point, p-o., capital of Lake county, la., 
158 N. N. w. Indianapolis, 702 W. Situated in 
the centre of Robinson's Prairie, 15 miles s. of 
Lake Miclugan. It has a coiu-t house, and several 
dwellings in the vicinity. 

Crowsville, p-o., Spartanburg dist., S. C, 87 
N. w. Columbia, 500 W. 

Croxon, p-o.. Bush Creek t., Jefferson co., O. 
138 E. by N. Columbus, 285 W. 

Croydon, p-t., Sullivan co., N. H., 48 n. w. 
Concord, 482 W. The surface is somewhat 
rough, but the soil is fertile. Drained by Sugar 
r., which affords good water power. Chartered 
in 1763, and settled 3 years after. It has 3 stores, 
cap. $8,000; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen factory, 1 
tannery, 2 grist m., 2 saw m., 7 sch. 410 scholars. 
Pop. 956. 

Croydon Flatt, p-o., Sullivan t. and co., N. 
IL, 43 N. w. Concord, 477 W. 

Crucifer, p-o., Henderson co., Tenn., 126 w. 
s. w. Nashville, 810 W. 

Crum Elbow, p-o., Hyde Park t., Dutchess 
CO., N. Y., 69 s. Albany, 309 W. 

Cuba, p-t., Alleghany co., N. Y., 280 w. by s. 
Albany, 317 W. Situated on the line of the 
Genesee Valley canal, and of the New York 
and Erie railroad. The surface is elevated and 
undulating, and the soil productive. The village 
contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Baptist church, 10 
stores, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m., 1 clothier's works, 
1 tannery, 100 dweUings, and about 800 inhabit- 



CUM 



160 



CUM 



ants. There are in the t., 1 furnace, 10 stores, 
cap. $23,000 ; 1 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 1 printing 
office, 1 weekly newspaper, 2 grist m., 12 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. §27,950. 2 sch. 101 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,768. 

Cuba, p-v., Washington t., Clinton cc, O., 78 
s. w. Columbus, 431 W. 

CuB.\, p-o., Fulton CO., 111., 61 n. w. Spring- 
field, 827 W. 

Cub Creek, p-o., Charlotte co., Va., 110 s. w 
Richmond, 197 W. 

Cub Hill, p-o., Baltimore co., Md. 

CucKOoviLLE, p-v., Louisa co., Va., 47 n. w. 
Richmond, 98 W. It confains 1 Reformed Bap- 
tist or Campbellite church, 1 store, and several 
mechanic shops. 

CuDDEBACKViLLE, p-o., Dcerpark t., Orange 
CO., N. Y., 109 s. by w. Albany, 272 W. 

CuivRE, t.. Pike CO., Mo. It has 8 schools, 337 
scholars. Pop. 2,592. 

CuivRE, t., St. Charles co., Mo. It has 3 sch. 
85 scholars. Pop. 2,093. 

CuivRE, t. Audrain co.. Mo. Pop. 183. 

Culbertson's, p-o., Mercer co.. Pa., 234 w. 
N. w. Harrisburg, 292 W. 

Culbreath's, p-o., Columbia co., Ga., 116 n. 
E. by E. Milledgeville, 590 W. 

Culloden, p-v., Monroe co., Ga., 68 w. Mil- 
ledgeville, 723 W. 

Culloden, p-o., Bradley co., Tenn., 150 s. e. 
NashvUle, 587 W. 

Culpepper, county, Va., situated toward the 
N. E. part of the state, and contains 672 sq. ms. 
Rappahannock river runs on its n. e. boundary, 
and Rapid Ann on its s. border. Drained by 
Thornton r. and its branches, and by Mountain 
or., branches of the Rappahannock r. The sur- 
face is pleasantly diversified, and the soil fertile. 
Its chief productions are grain and tobacco. 
Capital, Fairfax or Culpepper C. H. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 10,588, sheep 15,234, swine 
19,980; wheat 122,376 bushels produced, rye 
13,739, Ind. com 389,880, buckwheat 1,709, oats 
128,136, potatoes 20,964, silk cocoons 199 pounds, 
tobacco 28,591, cotton 153 ; 23 stores, capital 
$125,700 ; 1 furnace, 2 tanneries, 15 distilleries, 
5 flouring m., 32 grist m., 29 saw m. f ;ap. in 
manufac. $73,390. 7 acad. 152 students, 25 sch. 
617 scholars. Pop. 1830, 24,026; 1840, whites 
4,933, slaves 6,069, free col'd 491 ; total, 11,393. 

Culpepper, C. H., p-v., Culpepper co., Va., 
98 N. N. w. Richmond, 82 W. It contains a court 
house, jail, and clerk's office, on the pubhc square, 
a Presbytenan, Episcopal, and Baptist church, a 
masonic hall, 9 stores, a market house, 2 tan- 
neries, and various machanics, 3 select schools, 1 
printing office, and 1 weekly newspaper. 

Culstia Creek, p-o., Cherokee co., Ala., 166 
N. E. Tuscaloosa, 664 W. 

Cumberland, river, a large river of Ky. and 
lenn^, vises m Cumberland mountains, near the 
boundary between Virginia and Kentucky, and 
pursuing a westerly and s. westerly course, en- 
ters the slate of Tennessee ; and after an ex- 
tensive sweep to the s. it turns north west- 
wardly and nortiierly, and enters and crosses 

Ih!" .^' "V"^ ''"n^'"' *'••' 0^° '•* miles above 
the mouth of the Teiuiessoe r., and 59 ms above 
the mouth of the Ohio. The entire length of the 

of 17,. ()0 square miles. It is navigable for large 
steamboats and vessels 203 ms., to Nashville 
and for boats of 15 tons 300 miles further At 
certain seasons of high water, vessels of 400 tons 
may descend the river, 400 miles, to the Ohio; 
and, for half its length, boals may navigate it at 
all seasons. 1 he elevation of the sources above 



the mouth of the river, probably, exceed 1,000 
feet. It is the .second river in size which enters 
the Ohio, being inferior only to the Tennessee. 
Nashville, an important town, is on the s. side, 
near the extreme part of its southern bend. Be- 
low Nashville the river is deep and narrow. 

Cu.mberlanDj county, Me., situated in the s. w. 
part of the state, and contains 990 sq. ms. The soil 
is fertile, and it is well cultivated. It has several 
large ponds, the chief of which is Sebago pond, 
from which a canal extends to Portland. This 
county has an important seacoast, and enjoys 
great facilities for commerce. Capital, Portland. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 37,586, sheep 
59,585, swine 12,033; wheat 38,921 bushels pro- 
duced, rye 23, 108, Indian corn 160,551, buckwheat; 
4,060, barley 59,558, oats 70,318, potatoes 
1,139,551, sugar 7,527 pounds; 43 commercial 
and conmiission houses in foreign trade, cap. 
$658,500; 429 stores, cap. $708,650; 10 lumber 
yards, cap. $39,100; 4 furnaces, 15 fulling m., 4 
woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 4,000 sp., 45 tanneries, 
2 distilleries, 1 powder m., 7 potteries, 1 flouring 
m., 60 gi-ist m., 94 saw m., 1 oil m., 10 printing of- 
fices, 6 binderies, 2 daily, 7 weekly, and 3 semi- 
weekly newspapers, 4 periodicals. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $822,166. 1 college, 150 students, 21 acad. 
2,415 students, 401 sch. 18,660 scholars. Pop. 
1830,60,113; 1840,68,658. 

Cumberland, coimty, N. J., situated in the s. 
w. part of the state, and contains 521 square ms. 
Organized in 1748. It has Delav^are bay on the 
s. s. w. Drained by Stow and Cohausey crs., and 
Maurice and Tuckahoe rivers. It contains iron 
ore and beds of marl. A salt marsh, from half a 
mile to two miles wide, extends along Delaware 
bay. Much of the soil is light, but some of it is 
fertile. Capital, Bridgetown. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 9,755, sheep 9,310, swine 8,430 ; 
wheat 42,326 bushels produced, rye 21,723, Ind. 
corn 200,003, buckwheat 26,349, oats 131,201, 
potatoes 31,851, hops 356 pounds, 6 commission 
houses in for. trade, cap. $84,000 ; 32 stores, cap. 
$131,600; 2 lumber yards, cap. $1,300 ; 1 forge, 
1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 4 tanneries, 6 distil- 
leries, 8 glass fac, 1 pottery, 2 flouring m., 28 grist 
m., 21 saw m., 2 paper fac, 1 printing office, 1 
bindery, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. 
$467,552. 3 acad. 396 students, 55 sch. 2,913 
scholars. Pop. 1830, 14,093 ; 1840, 14,374. 

Cumberland, county. Pa., situated s. e. of the 
centre of the state, and contains 544 square miles. 
Drained by Conedogwinet creek, and Vellow 
Breeches cr., both tributaries of the Susquehanna. 
The surface is moderately hilly, and the soil 
very fertile. It contains iron ore. Capital, Car- 
lisle. There were in 1840, neat cattle 24,201, 
sheep 23,930, swine 47,235 ; wheat 587,654 bush, 
produced, rye 247,239, Ind. corn 645,056, buck- 
wheat 13,772, barley 11,104, oats 631,477, pota- 
toes 121,641, hops 4,812 pounds; 11 commission 
houses in foreign trade, cap. $22,500; 112 stores, 
cap. $318,146; 13 lumber yards, cap. $42,350; 
6 furnaces, 5 forges, 12 fulling m., 9 woollen fac, 
1 cotton fac, 31 tanneries, 28 distilleries, 3 brew- 
eries, 1 pottery, 54 flouring m., 5 grist m., 63 saw 
m., 1 oil m., 1 paper fac, 5 printing offices, 2 
binderies, 6 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manu- 
fac $390,601. 3 acad. 115 students, 12 sch. 583 
scholars. Pop. 1830, 29,223 ; 1840, 30,953. 

Cumberland, county, Va., situated s. e. of 
the centre of the state, and contains 320 sq. ms. 
Organized in 1748. The Appomattox river runs 
on its s. E. border. Drained by Willis r. The 
surface is moderately hilly, and the soil is fertile. 
Capital, Cumberland C. H. Tliere were in 1840, 
neat cattle 5,855, sheep 9,597, swine 10,131 ; wheat 



CUM 



161 



CUM 



61,247 bushels produced, Ind. corn 247,203, oats 
121,507, hops 116 pounds, tobacco 2,895,930, tot- 
ton 23,143; 16 stores, cap. $163,300; 1 lumber 
yard, cap. $1,1)00; 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 12 
flouring m., 15 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fae. .fil07,475. 15 sch. 263 scholars. Pop. 1830, 
11,689; 1840, whites 3,263, slaves 6,781, free 
cord355; total, 10,399. 

CtTMBERLA.ND, county, N. C, situated in the s. 
part of the state, and contains 1,300 square miles. 
Drained by tape Fear river and branches. Sur- 
face, undulating ; soil, fertile. Capital, Fayette- 
ville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 14,178, 
sheep 15,164, swine 28,974; wheat 6,037 busliels 
prod., rye 3,019, Ind. corn 291,630, oats 16,577, po- 
tatoes 62,993, cotton 459,747 lbs; 51 stores, cap. 
372,400 ; 8 cotton fac. 14,234 sp., I flouring m., 90 
grist m., 61 saw m., 2 oil m., 2 printing offices, 2 
weekly newspapers. Capital in manufactures 
$384,000. 4 acad. 150 students, 4 sch. 95 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1830, 14,824; 1840, whites 9,030, 
slaves 5,392, free col'd 862 ; total, 15,284. 

Cumberland, county, Ky., situated on the s. 
border of the state, and contains 270 square m. 
Cumberland river flows centrally through it. 
Surface, uneven ; soil, fertile. Capital, Burkes- 
ville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 10,257, 
sheep 7,437, swine 37,970 ; wheat 32,937 bushels 
produced, rye 3,265, Indian corn 496,006, oats 
56,509, potatoes 18,990, tobacco 1,480,816 pounds, 
cotton 45,595, sugar 1,931 ; 6 commission houses 
in for. trade, cap. $23,000 ; 11 stores, cap. iS!37,075 ; 
7 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 4 grist m., 3 saw m. 
Cap. in manufao. §4,350. 8 sch. 193 scholars. 
Pop. whites 4,571, slaves 1,485, free colored 34 ; 
total, 6,090. 

Cumberland, p-t., Cumberland co., Me., 42 s. 
s. w. Augusta, 553 W. It is pleasantly situated 
on Casco bay, wliich affords it connnercial ad- 
vantages. Organized from North Yarmouth, in 
1821. It has 3 stores, cap. $8,000 ; 1 fulhng m., 

1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,350. 
15 sch. 652 scholars. Pop. 1,616. 

Cumberland, p-v., capital of Alleghany co., 
Md., 166 w. N. w. Annapolis, 134 W. Situated 
on the N. bank of Potomac r., at the mouth of 
Will's cr. It contains a court house, jail, a mar- 
ket house, a bank, 5 churches — 1 German Lu- 
theran, 1 Methodist, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 
and 1 Roman Catholic — 3 flouring m., and 2 
printing offices, issuhig weekly newspapers. 
Stone coal abounds in the vicinity, and is trans- 
ported down the Potomac. The Cumberland or 
national road, which proceeds w. to the Ohio, 
and through the Western States, commences 
here. Tiie Chesapeake and Ohio canal and the 
Baltimore and Ohio rail r. pass through this place. 

Cumberland, t., Adams co.. Pa. Rock creek 
bounds it on the e., and Marsh creek on the w., 
which unite a little below the town. The former 
receives Bear run, and the latter Willoughhy run, 
in the t. Gettysburg b. lies in the E. part of the 
town. The t. has 1 store, cap. §1,8(X) ; 1 tannery, 

2 distilleries, 3 flouring m., 4 grist m., 3 saw m., 
7 sch. 315 scholars. Pop. 1,217. 

Cumberland, p-v., Guernsey co., Ohio, 93 e. 
Columbus, 314 W. Situated on Buffalo Fork of 
Will's cr. It has 3 churches, 4 stores, and about 
30 dwelhngs, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., and 1 steam 
carding and fulling m. 

Cumberland, p-v., Marion co., la., 10 E. In- 
dianapolis, 561 W. Situated on the national 
road. 

Cumberland, p-o., Fayette co.. 111., 87 s. s. e. 
Springfield, 735 W. 

Cumberland, C. H., p-v., Cumberland co., 
Va., 52 w. by s. Richmond, 142 W. Situated on 
21 



a high and healthy ridge, between Willis r. and 
Appomattox r. It contains a court house and 
otner coimty buildings, 1 church, free to all deno- 
minations, 1 store, and several mechanics. Pop. 
30 whites, 60 col'd ; total, 90. 

Cumberland, t., Green co.. Pa., 11 E.Waynes- 
burg. The sm-face is level ; soil, loam. Drained 
by Muddy cr., a branch of Monongahela r. It con- 
tains the V. of Lisburn. It has 2 fulling m., 1 
woollen fac, 1 tannery, 3 distilleries, 8 grist m., 
10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $13,195. 1 acad. 
42 Students, 4 sch. 94 scholars. Pop. 1,958. 

Cumberland, t., Providence co., R. I., 8 n. 
Providence. Abbott's, Mill, and Peter's rivers 
afford good water power. Some part of the sur- 
face is hilly, and chiefly adapted to grazing ; but 
other parts are fertile, and well adapted to culti- 
vation. It supplies many articles for the Pro- 
vidence market, and has considerable manufac- 
tures of cotton and wool, and boats are exten- 
sively built. It has 29 stores, cap. $41,550; 2 
fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 22 cotton fac. 59,711 
sp., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 5 grist 
m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $996,419. 1 
acad. 30 students, 27 sch. 1,357 scholars. Pop. 
5,225. 

Cumberland Ford, p-o., Knox co., Ky., 135 
s. e. Frankfort, 503 W. Situated at the crossing 
of the Great Western road, over the Cumberland r. 

Cumberland Gap, p-o., Claiborne co., Tenn., 
17 s. Cumberland Ford, 233 e. by n. Nashville, 
486 W. Situated at the passage of the Cumber- 
land mountains. There are several extensive 
caves in the vicinity, extending into the states 
of Virginia and Kentucky. Tliere are a few 
dwellings in the neighborhood. It is a distribut- 
ing post-office. 

Cumberland Hill, p-v., Cumberland t.. Pro- 
vidence CO., R. I., 16 n. by w. Providence, 419 
W. Situated on the n. e. side of Blacksione r. 
It contains a Baptist church, a bank, and several 
neat dwellings. 

Cumberland Iron Works, p-o., Stewart co., 
Tenn., 69 n. w. Nashville, 754 W. Situated on 
the s. bank of Cumberland r., 6 e. Dover. 

Cumberland, island, Camden co., Ga., on the 
coast, 15 ms. long, and from 1 to 5 broad. 

CuMUERi^\ND Centre, p-o., Cumberland t. 
and CO., Me., 49 s. s. w, Augusta, 554 W. 

Cumberland Mountains, Tenn. The range 
commences in the s. w. part of Pa., and m Va. 
It takes the name of Laurel mt., passes through 
the s. E. part of Ky. and Tenn., and terminates 
in Northern Alabama. 

Cumberland Valley, t., Bedford co., Pa., 
situated between Evils mt. e. and Will's mt. w. 
Evits cr. runs through the t. It has 1 store, cap. 
$3,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 flouring m., 2 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $5,190. 2 sch. 46 scholars. Pop. 
904. 

CuMMiNG, p-v., capital of Forsyth co.,Ga., 109 
N. w. Milledgeville, 641 W. Situated 9 w. Chat- 
tahoochee r. It has a court house and several 
dwellings. 

CuMMiNGS,p-t., Lycoming CO., Pa., Ill N.Har- 
risburg, 221 W. It has 2 stores, cap. $5,000 ; 1 
furnace, 1 forge, 3 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $16,450. 3 sch. 120 scholars. Pop. 569. 

Cummingsville, p o., Hamilton co., O., 121 s. 
w. Columbus, 497 W. 

CuMMiNGTON, p-t., Hampshire co., Mass., Ill 
w. Boston, 399 W". The surface is uneven, but 
the soil is good for grazing. Watered by 'West- 
field river, which affords good water power. In- 
corporated in 1779. It has 5 stores, cap. $10,500 ; 
1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 cotton lac 650 sp 
1 furnace, 3 tanneries, 3 grist m-, 5 sawm. Cap 



CUR 



162 



CUY 



in manufac. $31,800. 16 sch. 464 scholars. Pop. 
1,237. 
CuMMiNGTON, p-0., Macoupin CO., 111. 
CuMiMiNGTON W. VILLAGE, p-v., Cummington 
t., Hampshire co., Mass., 116 \v. Boston, 404 W. 
Situated on the Westfield r. It has several man- 
ufactories and neat dwellings. 

CuMRU, t., Berks co., Pa. The surface is 
partly liilly, and partly level ; soil, a productive 
calcareous loam and gravel. Watered by 
Tulpehoeken and Schuylkill rivers, and their 
tributaries. It contains a church, common to 
Lutherans and Presbyterians, and the county 
poor house, to wliich a farm is attached. It 
has 1 store, cap. §'2,500; 1 furnace, 2 forges, 
1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 12 flourmg m., 5 grist m., 
5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $16,180. Pop. 
2,939. 

Cunningham's Store, p-c, Person co., N. C, 
84 N. N. w. Raleigh, 240 W. 

Cunningham, p-c, Putnam co., O., 107 n. w. 
Columbus, 478 W. 

Cu.nningham's Island, in the w. part of Lake 
Erie, a short distance north of the entrance into 
Sandusky bay. It is of considerable extent, fer- 
tile and populous, and is a part of the county of 
Ottawa. 

CuRDSviLLE, p-o., Buckingham co., Va., 68 w. 
Richmond, 158 W. 

Cureto.n's Store, p-o., Lancaster dist., S. C, 
82 N. N. E. Columbia, 424 W. 

CuRLSviLLE, p-o., Armstrong co.. Pa. 
Currahee Mountain, p-o., Habersham co., 
Ga., 126 N. Milledgeville, 600 W. Situated near 
the base of a mountain of the same name, the 
southern terminus of the Blue ridge. 

Curraway, p-o., Crawford co., la., 115 w. by 
s. Indianapolis, 646 W. 

Curran, p-o., Gallatin co., 111., 179 s. s. e. 
Springfield, 788 W. 

Current, river, Mo. and Ark., rises in the 
Ozark ridge, and after a southerly course of 
about 150 ms. enters Black r. 

Current River, t.. Pope co.. Ark. It has 1 
sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 358. 

Ccrrey's, p-c, Jefterson co., Ky., 72 w. 
Frankfort, 614 W. 

Currituck, Island, Sound and Inlet, Curri- 
tuck CO., N. C. The island is 30 ms. long, and 2 
broad, and encloses the sound, which is 50 ms. 
long, and from 1 to 10 broad, and has no great 
depth. The inlet is an entrance into this sound 
between 2 islands. 

Currituck, county, N. C. Situated in the n. 
E. part of the state, and contains 600 sq. ms. 
The surface is level, and some part of it is 
marshy. Currituck sound separates it into 2 
parts, and affords facilities for navigation. It 
comprehends the entire sea coast of North 
Carolina from the Virginia line, to a point 20 ms. 
s. w. of Cape Hatteras, mcluding Roanoke I. 
Capital, Currituck. There wore in 1840, neat 
cattle 5,919, sheep 4,590, swine 13,220; wheat 
7,685 bush, produced, Ind. corn 213,.595, oats 
7,084, potatoes 52,H60 ; 400 bush, salt produced. 
5 sch. 117 scholars. Pop. 1830, 7,654; 1840, 
whites 4,554, slaves 2,100, free col'd 149 ; total, 
6,703. 

Currituck, C. H., p-v., Currituck co., N. C, 
242 e n k Raleigh, 270 W. It stands on the 
w. side of Currituck sound, and contains a court 
house, and several dwellings. 

CuRREYSviLLE, p-o., Sullivan co., la 85 s 
w. by w. Indianapolis, 656 W. ' 

CuRTisviLLE. p-v., Si()ckbrid<;e t., Berkshire 
CO., 3Iass., 136 w. Boston, 366 W. It has 2 cot- 
ion fac, 1 chah- lac, and several dwelling,'?. 



CuRWi.xsviLLE, p-v., Clearfield cc, Pa., 132 
N. w. by w. Harrisburg, 224 W. Situated on 
the N. w. side of Anderson's cr., near its junc- 
tion with the w. branch of Susquehanna r, 

Cushing, p-t., Lincoln co., Me., 50 s. e. Au- 
gusta, 627 W. It is bounded by St. George r. e., 
and the Atlantic s. Incorporated in 1789. It 
was settled early by Irish emigrants. It has 1 
store, cap. $1,500 ; 1 tannery, 1 saw m., 6 sch. 
312 scholars. Pop. 790. 

Cussawago, p-t., Crawford co., Pa., 246 n. w. 
by w. Harrisburg, 319 W. It has 1 store, 1 grist 
in., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,600. 7 sch. 
300 scholars. Pop. 1,269. 

Cusseta, p-v.. Chambers cc, Ala., 172 e. s. e. 
Tuscaloosa, 767 W. 

Custards, p-v., Crawford cc. Pa., 240 n. w. 
by w. Harrisburg, 298 W. 

CuTCHOGUE. p-v., Southold t., Suffolk CO., INT. 
Y., 238.S. s. E. Albany, 218 W. It contains 2 
churches, and about 40 dwellings. 

CuTHBERT, p-v., Capital of Randolph co., Ga., 
158 s. \v. Milledgeville, 814 W. It contains a 
court house, and a few dwellings. 

Cutler, p-t., Washington co.. Me. It has the 
Atlantic ocean on the s. e., and Machias bay w., 
and has a good harbor. It has 4 stores, cap. 
$3,000 ; 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$10,000. 7 sch. 276 scholars. Pop. 657. 
Cut Off, po., Walton co., Ga. 
CuTTiNGSviLLE, D-v., Rutland co., Vt., 72 s. 
s, w. Montpelier, 46b W. 

Cuyahoga, river, O., rises in the central parts 
of Geauga co., and runs southwardly through 
Portage co., where it gradually turns and pro- 
ceeds through Sununil and Cuyahoga counties, 
in a direction n. n. w. to its entrance into Lake 
Erie, at Cleveland. Its whole length is over 60 
miles, and it is one of the most important rivers 
in northern Ohio. It has u number of falls, which 
afford excellent mill seats, and it is less affected 
by drought in t!ie summer, than most other 
streams. The Ohio canal runs along the valley 
of this r., about 25 miles to near Akron, and 
crosses it in an aqueduct at Boston, 23 s. of 
Cleveland. 

Cuyahoga, county, O., situated in the N. 
part of the state, is bounded n. by Lake Erie. 
It contains 475 sq. ms. Watered by Cuyahoga 
and Rocky rivers, which enter Lake Erie. The 
surface is level, inclining to the n. ; soil, fertile. 
Capital, Cleveland. There were in 1810, neat 
cattle 22,260, sheep 30,396, swine 17,669 ; wheat 
106,580 bush, produced, rye 2,104, Ind. corn 
180,781, buckwheat 5,949, barley 1,016, oats 
101,398, potatoes 149,891, tobacco 2,000 pounds ; 
2S commission houses in for. trade, cap. $60,000 ; 
93 stores, cap. $188,700 ; 3 lumber yard.s, cap. 
$3,000 ; 4 furnaces, 6 fulling m., 4 woollen fac, 
13 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 1 brewery, 6 floming 
m., 15 grist m., 70 saw m., 1 oil m., 5 printing 
offices, 1 periodical, 1 daily, 4 weekly nev^'spa- 
pers. Cap. in manufac. $153,982. 6 acad. 188 
students, 168 sch. 7,953 scholars. Pop. 1830, 
10,360 ; 1840, 26,506. 

Cuyahoga Falls, p-v.. Summit co., O., 128 
N. E. Columbus, 335 W. This romantic and 
pleasant village is situated on the Cuyahoga r., 
which here passes through a deep channel in the 
rocks, and by successive leaps, falls in a short 
distance 240 feet, creating a great water power, 
which has been considerably employed in mills 
and manufactories. The Pennsylvania and 
Ohio canal passes through the place, and unites 
with the Ohio canal a few miles w. at Akron. In 
the town of Tallmadge, in the immediate vicinity, 
is a bed of excellent bituminous coal, which is 



DAI 



163 



DAL 



extensively mined. There are in the v., 2 
churches, a lyceum, an academy, and a consi- 
derable number of stores and manufactories, 
among wliich those of paper are very exten- 
sive. 

CuvLER. p-o., Truxton t., Cortland co., N. Y., 
125 w. Albany, 337 W. 

CuYLERsviLLE, p-o., Livingston CO., N. Y. 

Cynthiana, p-v.. Perry t.. Pike co., O., 75 s. 
Columbus, 429 W. 

Cynthiana, t, Shelby co., O. It has 1 store, 
cap. $500 ; 1 tannery. Cap. ia manufac. $1,100. 
1 sell. 25 scholars. Pop. 1,022. 

Cynthiana, p-v., capital of Harrison co., Ky., 



37 N. E. Frankfort, 505 W. Situated on e. side 
of the south fork of Licking r. It has a court 
house, jail, several stores, 3 sch. 100 scholars. 
Pop. 79S. 

Cynthiana, p-v., Posey co., Ia., 158 s. w. In- 
dianapolis, 728' W. 

Cypress, p-o.. Union co., Ky., 233 w. s. w. 
Frankfort, 760 W. 

Cypress, p-o., Darlington dist., S. C, 92 e. n. 
E. Columbia, 490 W. 

Cypres.>3 Creek, p-o., Lafayette co.. Miss., 
172 N. N. E. Jackson, 899 W. 

Cyruston, p-v., Lincoln co., Tenn., 97 s. 
Nashville, 726 W. 



D. 



Dabney's Mills, p-o., Louisa cc, Va., 56 n. 
w. Richmond, 81 W. Situated on North Anna r. 
It has 1 saw m., 1 tannerjr, and several me- 
chanics. 

Dacheet, r., rises in Ark., and flowing into La., 
enters Lake Bistineau. 

Dacusville, p-v., Pickens dist., S. C, 129 w. 
n. w. Columbia, 524 W. 

Dade, county, Ga. Situated in the n. w. cor- 
ner of tlie state, and contains 225 sq. ms. Drain- 
ed by Lookout cr., a branch of Tennessee r. 
The surface is mountainous, with fertile valleys. 
Capital, Trenton. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 1,545, sheep 1,013, swine 5,373; wheat 
3,940 bush, produced, Ind. corn 77,810, oats 
7,547, potatoes 2,701, tobacco 1,331 pounds, cot- 
ton 32,904 ; 8 stores, cap. $9,550 ; 3 tanneries, 4 
distilleries, 4 grist m., 2 saw m. Pop. whites 
1,2S5, slaves 79 ; total, 1,364. 

Dade, county, Flor. Situated on the e. side 
of the Peninsula, on the Gulf of Florida. It 
contains about 500 sq. ms. It has several keys 
or islands on the coast. Along the sea coast, the 
land is capable of cultivation, and is fertile. In 
the N. part is the Everglades, a tract of grass 
meadow, covered from 1 to 6 feet deep with 
water, sprinkled all over with islets of rich land 
and cypress swamps. These islands were favorite 
places of resort for the Seminoles during the late 
war. One of them was found to contain 150 
cabins, cultivated fields, and 700 head of cattle. 
It has some tracts of fertile land. Capital, Key 
Biscaynne. There were in 1840, 2 stores, cap. 
$15,000. Cap. in manufac. $4,300. 1 sch. 28 
scholars. Pop. whites 412, slaves 30, free col'd 
4 ; total, 446 

Dade, county, Mo. Situated in the s. w. part 
of the state, and contains 960 sq. ms. Drained 
by Pouime de Terre r. and branches. Surface 
undulating, soil fertile. Capita], Greenfield. 

Dadeville, pv., capital of Tallapoosa co., 
Ala., 140 e. s. e. Tuscaloosa, 793 W. Situated 
on a small eminence, 6 e. Tallapoosa r., 3T n. e. 
Wetumpka. It contains a court house, and other 
county buildings. 

Daggett's Mills, p-o., Tioga co.. Pa., 157 n. 
Harrisburg, 267 W. 

Dagsborough, p-v., and hundred, Sussex co., 
Del., 5 1 s. s. E. Dover, 141 W. It is situated on 
Pepper cr., which flows into Rehobolh bay. 
There are in the hundred, 12 stores, cap. $18,410 ; 
3 grist m., 13 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,500. 
9 sch. 233 scholars. Pop. 2,324. 

Dahlo.xega, p-v, capital of Lumpkin co., Ga., 
140 N. N. w. Milledgevillc, 620 W. Situated be- 
tween Chestat.ee and Etowah rivers, and is the 
seat of a branch of the United States Mint. It has 
a court house, and several stores and dwellings. 

Dailey's Cross Roads, p-o., Lowndes co., 
Miss., 131 N. E. Jackson, 905 W. 



Dale, county, Ala. Situated in the s. e. part 
of the state, and contains 1,064 sq. ms. Drained 
by the branches of Choctawhatchee r. Tlie sur- 
face is generally level, with a barren soil cover- 
ed with pine, excepting the river swamp and 
hammocks, which are very productive. Capital, 
Dale\allc. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
15,484, sheep 656, swine 12,070; wheat 1,865, 
bush, produced, Ind. corn 96,224, potatoes 11,777, 
rice 3,015 pounds, cotton 231,929, sugar 2,813; 
6 stores, cap. $6,700 ; 18 grist m., 5 saw m.,5 sch. 
71 scholars. Pop. whites 6,809, slaves 580, free 
col'd 8 ; total, 7,397. 

Dale, p-o., Berks co.. Pa., 75 e. Harrisburg, 
168 W. 

Dale, C. H., called Daleville, p-v., capital of 
Dale CO., Ala., 222 s. e. Tuscaloosa, 871 W. 
Situated on the w. side of a branch of Choctaw- 
hatchee r. It contains a court house, and several 
dwellings. 

Daleville, p-o., Luzerne co.. Pa., 147 n. e. 
Harrisburg, 244 W. 

Daleville, p-v., Lauderdale co.. Miss., 104 
E. Jackson, 918 W. 

Dallas, county, Ala. Situated near the cen- 
tre of ihe state, and contains 925 sq. ms. The Ala- 
bama river passes through it, and receives the 
Cahaba r. from the n., at the centre of the county. 
Surface undulating, soil on the margins very 
fertile. Capital. Cahaba. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 10,379, sheep 4,431, swine 30,886; 
wheat ]2,3S8 bush, produced, rye 2,004, Ind. 
corn 4'!C,120, oats 34,494, potatoes 31,808, rice 
10,750 pounds, cotton 2,223,332; 6 stores, cap. 
.$350,000; 1 tannery, 18 grist m., 14 saw m., 2 
printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in 
manufac. $20,240. 7 acad. 189 students, 10 sch. 
195 scholars. Pop. 1830,14,017; 1840, whites 
7,922, .slaves 17,208, free col'd 69 ; total, 25,199. 
Dallas, p-t., Luzerne co., Pa., 133 n. e. Har- 
risburg, 242 W. The surfoce is uneven and 
mountainous ; soil, gravel, loam, and slate. Har- 
vey's lake, a beautiful .sheet of water, lies in tliis 
t., and its outlet and some other streams afford 
water power. It has 1 distillery, 3 sawm. Cap. 
in manufac. $1,700. 4 sch. 144 scholars. Pop. 
806. 

Dalmatia, p-v., Northumberland co., Pa., 40 
N. Harrisburg, 15!) W. 

Dalto.v, p-t., Coos CO., N. H., 96 n. by w. 
Concord, 557 W. Connecticut r. runs on its n. 
w. boundary, and the Fifteen Mile Falls com- 
mence in this town. Watered by St. Johns r. 
Incorporated in 1784. The surface is uneven, 
and the soil fertile, well adajited to grazing. It 
has 1 store, cap. $1,.500 ; 1 gri.st m., 2 saw m., 6 
sch. 190 scholars. Pop. 664. 

Dalton, p-t., Berkshire co., Mass., 125 w. 
Boston, 3S2 W. Watered by branches of Housa- 
tonic r., which afford water power. The surface 



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18 generally level, and the soil fertile. It has 4 
woollen fac, 1 tannery, 2 paper fac, 1 grist m., 
4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $193,700. 6 sch. 218 
scholars. Pop. 1,255. 

Dalton, p-o., Sugar Creek t., Wayne co., O., 
106 N. E. Columbus, 331 W. 

Dalton, p-v., Wayne co., la., 80 E. Indiana- 
polis, 527 W. 

Da.>iariscotta Mills, p-v., Lincoln co., Me., 
30 s. E. Augusta, 598 W. Situated at the outlet 
of Damariscotta pond, between New Castle and 
Nobleboro. Here are a number of mills, a village, 
and a small Roman Catholic church. 

Damariscotta, r.. Me., may be regarded as 
an arm of the sea. It receives the outlet of 
Damariscotta pond, and is navigable for large 
vessels, 16 miles to the bridge, between New 
Castle and Nobleboro. Many vessels are built 
on this river, and much lumber is exported from it. 
Damascoville, p-v., Columbiana county, O., 
174 N. E. by E. Columbus, 295 W. The village 
called Damascus is in Goshen and Butler ts. It 
has 3 or 4 stores, and from 25 to 30 dwellings. 
It is in the midst of a fertile country. 

Damascus, p-t,, Wayne co., Pa., 190 n. n. E. 
Harrisburg, 293 VV. Situated on the w. bank of 
Delaware r. The village has 1 Baptist church, 
1 store, and 12 or 15 dwellings. A bridge 550 
feet long here crosses the Delaware r. There 
are in the t., 2 stores, cap. ,$5,000 ; 9 sch. 229 
scholars. Pop. 957. 

Damascus, p-v., Montgomery county, Md., 70 
N. w. Annapolis, 40 W. 

Damascus, p-v., Henry co., O., 147 n. w. Co- 
lumbus, 478 W. The v. is situated on the n. side 
of Maumee r. It has 1 store, cap. $1,000; 3 
sch. 90 scholars. Pop. 495. 

Damascus, p-v., Spartanburg dist., S. C, 107 
N. w. Columbia, 568 W. 

Dan, r., N. C. and Va., runs mostly in the lat- 
ter, and uniting with Stanton r. forms the Roan- 
oke r. It has falls of 23 feet at Danville ; but, by 
a canal around them, is navigable 100 miles from 
its mouth. 

Dana, p-t., Worcester co., Mass., 69 w. Boston, 
397 W. Watered by a branch of Swift r. In- 
corporated in 1781. Palm leaf hats are here 
manufactured extensively. It has 2 stores; cap. 
$10,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap 
in manufac. $35,500. 7 sch. 200 scholars. Pod 
691. ^ 

DANnoRouGH, p-v., Plumstead t., Bucks cc, 
Pa., 103 E. Harrisburg, 165 W. It contains a 
store, and 12 or 15 dwellings. 

Danburg, pv., Wilkes co., Ga., 88 n. n. e 
Milledgeville, 560 W. 

Danbury, t., Ottawa co., O. It has 2 schools, 
65 scholars. Pop. 515. 

Danrury, p-t., Grafton co., N. H., 23 n. w. 
Concord, 503 VV Watered by Smith's r. The 
surface is uneven, but there are intervals on the 
streams. Incorporated in 1795, though settled 
over 20 years before. It has 1 store, cap. $2,500 
1 tannery, 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,800! 
10 schools, 233 scholars. Pop. 800. 

Danbury, p-t., semi-capitalof Fairfield, co Ct 
68 s. w. Hartford, 292 W. The surface is agree- 
ably diversifi(-(l, and the soil is fertile The 
borough IS a pleasant village, built chiefly on one 
street, more than a mile in length. It contains a 
court hou.-p. 6 churc^iies— 1 Baptist, 1 Conero- 
galional, 1 Episcopal, ) Methodist, 1 Universal- 
ist. 1 Sandemanian— and over 200 houses Still 
river, a branch of the Hou.satonic, passes through 
the town, and affords a good water power The 
town was incorporated in 1696. It was burned 
by the British during the Revolutionary war 



April 26th, 1777, with a large amount of military 
stores. In the battle which occurred, the Ameri- 
can General Wooster was killed. It has 13 
stores, cap. $34,400; 1 tannery, 5 grist m., 3 saw 
m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. 
in manufac. $192,200. 1 acad. 70 students, 20 
sch. 742 scholars. Pop. 4,504. 

Danby, p-t., Rutland county, Vt., 80 s. by w. 
Montpelier, 443 W. The surface is mountainous, 
but the soil is fertile, and particularly adapted to 
grazing ; and it has extensive dairies. First 
settled in 1768. Drained by the head waters of 
Otter creek. It has 4 stores, cap. $8,800 ; 2 tan- 
neries, 2 grist m., 6 saw m. C ap. in manufac. 
$12,810. 12 sch. 505 scholars. Pop. 1,379. 

Danby, p-t,, Tompkins co., N. Y., 168 w. s. 
w. Albany, 289 W. The surface is hilly, and 
the soil a gi-avelly loam. Drained by Cattotong cr. 
and its tributaries. The v. contains one Presby- 
terian and 1 Methodist church, 3 stores, 90 dwell- 
ings, and about 500 inhabitants. There are in 
the t., 3 stores, cap. $11,300 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist 
m., 27 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $21,430. 20 
sch. 856 scholars. Pop. 2,570. 

Danby Four Corners, p-o., Danby t., Rut- 
land CO., Vt., 82 s. by w. Montpelier, 437 W. 

Dancyville, p-o., Haywood co., Tenn., 183 
w. s. w. Nashville, 868 W. 

Dandridge, p-v., capital of Jefferson county, 
Tenn., 229 e. Nashville, 482 W. Situated on the 
Pf. bank of French Broad r. It contains a court 
house, jail, and several stores and dwellings. 

Dane, county, Wis. ter., central in the s. part 
of the ter., and contains 1,234 sq. ms. The sur- 
face is level, and the soil very fertile. The Four 
Lakes are beautiful sheets of water, near the cen- 
tre of the county, and aboimd with excellent 
fish. The river of the Four Lakes forms their 
outlet, and drains the county. Capital, Madison. 
There were in 1840, neat catlle 510, sheep 5, 
swine 628 ; wheat 290 bushels produced, Indian 
corn 3,080, oats 10,250, potatoes 8,450 ; 3 stores, 
cap. $9,000 ; 2 smelting tiouses, producing 200,000 
pounds of lead, and employing 6 persons and a 
capital of $2,000 ; 1 saw m., 2 printing offices, 2 
weekly newspapers. Cap. m manufac. $9,750. 
Pop. 314. 

Daniel's Prairie, p-o., Greene co., Ala., 43 
s. w. Tuscaloosa, 861 W. 

Danielsville, p-v., capital of Madison co., 
Ga., 91 N. Milledgeville, 599 W. It contains a 
court house, jail, an academy, and 15 houses and 
stores. 

Danielsville, p-v., Spottsylvania co., Va., 85 
N. w. Richmond, 84 W. Situated in the midst 
of the gold region. 

Dansville, t., Steuben co., N. Y., 230 w. by 
s. Albany. Surface, undulating; soil, gravelly 
loam and clay. Drained by tributaries of Canis- 
teo r. and Canaseraga cr. It has 3 stores, cap. 
$10,500; 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 10 saw m., 1 oil 
m. Cap. in manufac. $18,970. 24 sch. 85S schol- 
ars. Pop. 2,725. 

Dansville, p-v., Sparta t, Livingston co., N. 
Y., 238 w. Albany, 329 W. Situated on Cana- 
seraga cr., which has a succession of falls of about 
60 feet in one mile and a half It contains 4 
churches — 2 Presbyterian, 1 Methodist, and 1 Ger- 
man Lutheran — a bank, 25 stores, 4 paper m., 2 
flouring m., 2 furnaces, 1 tannery, 250 dwellings, 
and about 1,600 inhabitants. The Dans\-ille 
branch of the Genesee Valley canal extends 
from this place. 

Danube, p-t., Herkimer co., N. Y., 70 w. n. w. 
Albany, 393 W. The surface is undulating; 
; soil, a fertile, sandy, and calcareous loam. Drain 
I ed by Nowadaga cr., a branch of the Mohawk, 



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165 



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which last bounds the town on the n. It has 7 
stores, cap. $17,700 ; 1 lumber yard, cap. $10,000 ; 

1 fulling in., 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 2gri.st in., 
7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $18,910. 8 sch. 830 
scholars. Pop. 1,060. 

Danvers, p-t., Essex co., Mass., 16 n. Boston, 

2 N. w. Salem, 45(5 W. The soil is fertile, and 
well cultivated. The principal v. is a continua- 
tion of the streets of Salem, of which it is virtu- 
a!ly a suburb. It contains 3 churches — 1 Con- 
gregational, 1 Unitarian, and 1 Universalist, — and 
a little to the w. is anotlier Congregational church. 
There is another v. further n., on Beverly river, 
which contains a Congregational and a Baptist 
church. At this village, ship building is a con- 
siderable bu,siness. Both these villages can be 
approached by vessels, and have considerable 
manufactures, and some trade. It has 15 stores, 
cap. $57,600 ; 21 tanneries, 4 potteries, 1 grist m., 

1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $362,800, principally 
in leather. 13 sch. 1,257 scholars. Pop. 5,020. 

D.wviLLE, p-t., Cumberland co.. Me., 42 s. w. 
Augusta, 372 W. The Androscoggin r. nms on 
its N. E. border, and it is drained by one of its 
tributaries. It is a good farming t., and has 3 
stores, cap. $1,100 ; 1 woollen fac, 3 grist m., 5 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,350. 1 acad. 100 
students, 9 sch. 450 scholars. JPop. 1,294. 

Danville, p-t., Rockingham co., N. H., 30 s. 
K. Concord, 471 W. Incorporated in 1760. 
Achusnut r. passes through the .\. w. part of the 
t. The surface is uneven, and the soil in some 
parts good. It has 3 stores, cap. $1,200 ; 1 saw 
ra., 3 sch. 178 scholars. Pop. 5.38. 

Danville, p-t., capital of Caledonia co., Vt., 
30 N. E. Montpelier, 543 W. Watered by Mer- 
rill's r., and other branches of Pasumsic r., which 
afford good water power. C'harlered in 1786, 
and re-charlered in 1792. The E. pari is beauti- 
fully diversified and fertile ; the w. part is more 
broken, and less productive. The v. is pleasant- 
ly situated, near the centre of the t., on elevated 
land, in the midst of a beautiful farming country, 
it has a court house, jail, 1 Congregational and 1 
Baptist church, and a printing office, which issues 
a weekly newspaper. It is a nourishing v., with 
considerable trade. There are in the t. 6 stores, 
cap. $15,100 ; 4 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 3 tan- 
neries, 6 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$63,700. 20 sch. 920 scholars. Pop. 2,633. 

Danville, p-o., Warren co., N. J., 67 n. by w. 
Trenton, 225 W. 

Danville, p-v., capital of Columbia co.. Pa., 
71 N. by E. Harrisburg, 181 W. It is situated on 
the N. side of the n. branch of the Susquehanna 
r., at the entrance of Mahoning cr. It contains 

2 churches — 1 Presbyterian and 1 Episcopal — an 
academy, a considerable number of stores, and 
about 1,000 inhabitants. A bridge here crosses 
the Susquehanna river. 

Danville, pv., Pittsylvania co., Va., 164 s. 
w. by w. Richmond, 251 W. Situated on Dan 
r., one of the constituents of the Roanoke. The 
river liere has falls which afford good water 
power. The ground on which the village is 
built rises gradually irom the river until it attains 
to a commanding eminence, presenting a delight- 
ful view of the place and the surrounding coun- 
try. Tills place has a boatable communication 
as far as the falls of the Roanoke, and has be- 
come the centre of an. extensive trade. It con- 
tains 2 banking houses, a masonic hall, 2 t(jbacco 
warehouses, a considerable number of stores, 1 
iron foundry, a printing office, issuing a weekly 
newsjiaper, nearly 200 dwellings, and about 1,200 
inhabitants. Its manufacturing advantages are 
but partially developed. 



Danville, p-v.. Union t., Knox co., O., 65 n. 
E. Columbus, 366 W. It is surrounded by a fine 
agricultural country, and contains 1 Methodist 
church, 4 or 5 stores, and 3 or 400 inhabitants. 

Danville, p-v., cap. of Boyle co., Ky., 41 s 
by w. Frankfort, 555 W. Situated 3 miles s. w 
of Dick's r., on a small cr., wliich enters into it. 
It contains about 200 stores and dwellings, and 
the Kentucky Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb. 
It is the seat of Centre College. This college 
was founded in 1822; has a president and 7 pro- 
fessors, or other instructors, 66 students, and 2,000 
vols, in its libraries. The commencement is on 
the Thursday after the 3d Wednesday in Sep- 
tember. It has 4 churches — 1 Baptist, 1 Episco- 
pal, 1 Methodist, 1 Presbyterian — 2 acad. 100 
students, 1 sch. 34 scholars. Pop. 1,223. 

Da.nville, p-v., Sumter co., Ga., 100 s. w. 
Milledgeville, 757 W. Situated on the w. bank 
of Flint r. 

Danville, p-v., capital of Hendricks co., la., 
20 w. Indianapolis, 591 W. Situated on the w. 
side of White Lick creek. It contains a court 
house, jail, a church, 4 stores, and about 300 
inhabitants. 

Danville, p-v., capital of Vermillion co.. III., 
130 E. by N. Springfield, 657 W. Situated on the 
N. side of Vermillion r., near the entrance of the 
N. fork. It is on a dry, sandy, and elevated .sur- 
face, with an open prairie on the s. ; but on other 
sides surrounded by a heavy growth of timber. 
It has 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, and 
1 Methodist — a U. S. land office, 17 stores, a 
printing office issuing a weekly newspaper, 100 
dwellings, 3 schools, and 503 inhabitants. It is 
surrounded by a rich and populous country. 

Danville, p-v., capital of Montgomery co., 
Mo., 47 N. e. Jefferson city, 892 W. It contains 
a court house, and several stores and dwellings. 
There are in the t., 1 acad. 28 students, 1 sch. 
20 scholars. Pop. 1,299. 

Darbv, p-t., Delaware co.. Pa., 95 e. s. e. Har- 
risburg, 132 W. The t. is divided into Upper 
and Lower Darby. The v. is situated on Darby 
cr., and has 1 Friends church, 2 stores, 1 grist 
m., 1 fulling m., and 40 dwellings. There are in 
the t., 2 stores, cap. $8,500; 1 cotton fac. 216 sp., 

1 tannery, 1 printing office, 1 weekly nev^'spaper, 

2 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $15,950. 
2 sch. 120 scholars. Pop. 1,267. 

Darby, t., Pickaway co., Ohio. The soil is 
adapted to grazing. Drained by Darby cr., which 
affords water power. It has 1 tamiery, 2 grist 
m., 2 saw m. Pop. 1,050. 

i)ARBy, t., Madison co., O. It has 1 store, cap. 
$1,500 ; 1 tannery. Cap. in manufac. $800. 5 
sch. 110 scholars. Pop. 466. 

Darby Creek, a small r. of Ohio, rises in 
Union co., and, after a course of 60 miles, enters 
the Scioto r., nearly opposite Circleville. 

Darby Creek, p-o., Jerome t.. Union co., O., 
22 N. N. w. Columbus, 415 W. 

Darby Plains, p-o., Union co., O., 26 n. n. w. 
Columbus, 415 W. 

Darby's, p o., Columbia co, Ga., 109 e. n. e. 
Milledgeville, 588 W. 

Darbyville, p-v., Muhlenburg t., Pickaway 
CO., O., 3S s. Columbus, 408 W. Founded in 
1826. Situated on the w. bank of Darby cr. It 
has 3 stores, 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Bap- 
tist, and 1 3Iethodist — 2 tanneries, 40 dwelluigs, 
and about 250 inhabitants. 

Dardanelle, p-v.. Veil co.. Ark., 72 n. w. by 
w. Little Rock, 1,137 W. Situated on the s. w. 
side of Arkansas river. Near this are 2 rocky 
ridges, on both sides of the Arkansas r., called 
the Dardanelles. Pop. of the t. 227. 



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Dardenne, p-v., St. Charles co., Mo., lOt) e. 
by \. Jefferson city, 846 W. Situated on a r. of 
tlie same name, wliich enters tlie JMissouri r., 5 
miles s. s. w. of St. Charles. The t. has 1 .sch. 12 
scholars. Pop. 1,605. 

Darie.^j, p-t., Fairfield co., Ct., 7i s. w. Hart- 
ford, 266 W. Taken from Stamford in 1820. 
Bounded s. by Long Island sound. The .surface 
is undulating, and the soil excellent. Tlie vil- 
lage is on a small stream, which enters a narrow 
bay that sets up from the sound, and contains a 
Congregational church, and has some coasting 
trade to New York. Tiiere are in the t., 7 
stores, cap. $17,500 ; 2 lumber yards, cap. $8,500 ; 
2 tanneries. Cap. in manufac. $18,150. 3 sch. 
177 scliolars. Pop. 1,080. 

Darien, p-t., Genesee co., N. Y., 263 w. Al- 
bany, 377 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, clay 
and calcareous loam. Drained by Ellicott's cr. 
The V. contains 1 church, 3 stores, 25 dwellings, 
and about 175 inhabitants. Tliece are in the 
t., 5 stores, cap. $16,300 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tan- 
neries, 2 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$21,940. 21 sch. 622 scholars. Pop. 2,406. 

Darie.v, city, p-v., and capital of Mcintosh co., 
Ga., 215 s. E. Milledgeville, 724 W. Situated on 
the N. side of the Aitamaha r., 12 miles above the 
bar, at the entrance of St. Simon's sound. It con- 
tains a court house, a jail, an academy, a Pres- 
byterian church, a bank, and a printing office. 
It has an extensive trade in cotton. The bar has 
14 feet of water. The Oconee branch of the Ai- 
tamaha has a steamboat navigation to Milledge- 
ville ; and the Ocmulgee branch has a similar 
navigation to Macon ; so that Darien forms the 
natural centre of the trade of the central portions 
of the state, and it has had a corresponding rapid 
growth. 

Darien, p-t., Walworth co., Wis. ter., 5'J s. e. 
Madison, 788 W. Pop. 232. 

Darien Centre, p o., Darien t., Genesee co., 
N. Y., 265 w. by n. Albany, 375 W. 

Darke, county, O., situated in the w. part of 
the state, and contains 714 sq. ms. Drained by 
Stillwater and Greenville creeks. The surface 
is generally level ; soil, very fertile. General 
Wayne erected Fort Recovery in the n. e. cor- 
ner of this county, in 1795, on the spot where 
Gen. St. Clair sustained a memoraljle defeat by 
the Indians, three years before. Capital, Green- 
ville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 6,537, 
sheep 9,012, swine 17,02'J; wheat 31,675 bushels 
produced, rye 1,485, Ind. corn 57,797, buckwheat 
514, barley 1,829, oats 90,230, potatoes, 57,325. 12 
sch. 288 scholars. Pop. 1830,6,203; 1840, 13,282. 
Dark Corner, p-o., Campbell co.,Ga., 114 w. 
N. w. Milledgeville, 711 W. 

Darkesville, p-v., Berkley co., Va., 162 n. 
Richmond, 84 W. Situated on Sulphur Springs 
creek, a branch of Opequan creek, that enters 
into the Potomac. 

Darling's, p-o., Butler t., Knox co., O., 73 n. 
K. Columbus, 365 W. Situated on the s. bank of 
Vernon r. 

Darlingsville, p-o.. Pike co., Pa., 174 n e 
by E. Harrisburg, 268 W. 

Darlington, p-b.. Little Beaver t., Beaver 
CO., ra., 239 w. by n. Harrisburg, 205 W It 
contains 1 Presbyterian churcli, 4 stores, 'and 

?f,u.L "^^''^S'-, ^' ^^'^ '='*ll<^d Greensburs 
until 1830. It has 1 acad. 18 students, 1 sch. 30 
scholars. Pop. 220. 

Darlington, p-v., Harford co., Md 71 n bv 
E. Annapolis, 81 \V. Situated 2i ms w oVthe 
Susquehanna r. It contains 2 churches— 1 Me 
tliodist, and 1 Friends— an academy, 5 stores 
and a public library. '' 



Darlington, dist., S. C. Situated in the 
eastern part of the state, and contains 1,050 sq. 
ms. The surface is slightly undulating ; soil, on 
the margins of the streams, very fertile ; back from 
this, sandy and light. Great Pedee r. bounds it 
on the N. E., and Lyncb's cr. on the s. w. Capi- 
tal, Darlington. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
15,43S, sheep 6,082, swine 36,856; wheat 13,309 
bush, produced, Ind. corn 457,193, oats 52,477, po- 
tatoes 84,812, rice 8,000 pounds, cotton 1,231,985; 
26 stores, cap. $127,000; 1 cotton fac. 700 sp., 4 
tanneries, 47 grist m., 27 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$81,100. 7 acad. 149 students, 16 sch. 305 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1830, 13,728 ; 1840, whites 7,169, slaves 
7,560, free col'd 93 ; total, 14,822. 

Darlington, C. H., p-v., capital of Darlington 
dist., S. C, 129 E. s. E. Columbia, 453 W. Situ- 
ated a little w. of Black cr., a branch of Great Pe- 
dee r. It contains a court house, jail, 3 churches 
— 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, 1 Presbyterian — 2 acad., 
9 stores, and 500 inhabitants. 

Darlington, p-v., Montgomery co., la., 46 w. 
N. w. Indianapolis, 617 W. 

Darlington, p o.. Lake co., 111. 

Darlington, p-v., St. Helena par.. La., 120 
N. w. by N. New Orleans, 1,150 W. 

Darlington, p-o., Humphreys co., Tenn. 

Darn.stovvn, p-v., Montgomery co., Md., 65 
w. N. w. Annapolis, 25 W. 

Darrstown, p-v., Milford t., Butler co., O., 
109 s. w. by w. Columbus, 498 W. It contains 2 
churches, 3 stores, 35 dwellings, and about 250 
inhabitants. There is a chalybeate spring in the 
vicinity, which is of some note. 

Darrvill'.s, p-o., Dinwiddle co., Va., 56 s. 
Richmond, 175 W. 

Dartmouth, p-t., Bristol co., Ms.,65s. Bcston, 
7 s. w. New Bedford, 441 W. It has Buzzard's 
bay on the s. E., and is penetrated by several in- 
lets from it, one of which receives Aponiganset r., 
which is navigable nearly to the centre of the t. 
Incorporated in 1664. It has a number of vessels 
employed in the whale fishery, and in the coast- 
ing trade. Salt is manufactured, and vessels are 
built. It has 12 stores, cap. $33,500 ; 1 woollen 
fac, 3 tanneries, 5 grist m., 8 saw m., 1 oil m. 
Cap. in manufac. $27,950. 27 sch. 931 scholars. 
Pop. 4,135. 

Darwin, p-v., Clark co.. 111., 133 s. e. by e. 
Springfield, 667 W. It is situated on the Wa- 
bash r., adjoining Walnut prairie, and contains 20 
or 30 families. 

Daui'iiin, county. Pa. Situated toward the s 
E. part of the state, and is bounded by the Sus- 
quehanna r. on the w. and .s. w. It contains 608 
sq. ms. Drained by Swatara cr. in its s. part, 
and by Mahantango cr. on the n. Powell's cr. 
runs through its central part. The surface is hil- 
ly and mountainous, and the soil, fertile. The 
Pennsylvania canal and the Union canal pass 
through it. Capital, Harrisburg. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 17,429, sheep 15,714, swine 
27,317 ; wheat 277,248 bush, produced, rye 
202,771, Ind. corn 307,363, buckwheat 24.039, 
barley 1,980, oals 398,544, potatoes 125,051, silk 
cocoons 322 pounds, tobacco 46,730 ; 3 commis- 
sion bouses in for. trade, cap. $23,500 ; 133 stores, 
cap. $479,110 ; 10 lumber yards, cap. $59,500; 3 
furnaces, 3 forges, 9 fulling m., 6 woollen fac, 
20 tanneries, 2 rope fac, 17 distilleries, 4 brewe- 
ries, 4 potteries, 29 flouring m., 35 grist m., 76 saw 
m., 2 oil m., 12 printing offices, 6 binderies, 1 peri- 
odical, 11 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $357,315. 3 acad. 1 15 students, 76 sch. 3,656 
scholars. Pop. 1830, 25,303; 1840, 30,118. 

Dauphin, p-v., Middle Paxton t., Dauphin co., 
i Pa., 8 Harrisburg, 118 W. It is situated on the 



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167 



DAY 



Susquehanna r., and contains 2 stores, and 12 or 
15 dwellings. 

Davenport, p-t., Delaware co., N. Y., 69 s. 
w. Albany, 14 ^^ Dellii, 361 W. Tlie surface is 
hilly, and the soil an argillaceous loam. Drained 
by Charlotte r. and its tributaries. It has 4 
stores, cap. ,$13,600 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 3 
grist m,, 14 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $28,000. 
15 sch. 724 scholars. Pop. 3,052. 

Davenport, p-v., capital of Scott co., Iowa, 
350 above St. Louis, by w-ater, 80 above Bur- 
lington. This place is pleasantly situated on the 
N side of the Mississippi river. 

Davidson', county, N. C. Situated in the cen- 
tral part of the state, and contains 790 sq. ms. It 
has the Yadldn r. on the w. Drained by several 
small streams flowing into it. Surface undula- 
ting, soil fertile. Capital, Lexington. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 12,163, sheep 14,319, 
swine 34,083 ; wheat 1 14,359 bush, produced, 
rye 5,691, Ind. com 465,828, oats 102,703, pota- 
toes 15,059, tobacco 80,502 lbs., cotton 1,363,100; 
17 stores, cap. $54,000 ; 2 woollen fac, 1 cotton 
fac, 9 tanneries, 218 distilleries, 10 flouring m., 
51 grist m., 46 saw ni., 1 oil m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $145,458. 2 acad. 52 students, 36 sch. 1,100 
scholars. Pop. whites 11,937, slaves 2,538, free 
col'd 136 ; total, 14,606. 

Davenport Centre, p-o., Davenport t., Del- 
aware CO., N. Y., 74 s. w. Albany, 357 W. 

Davidson, county, Tenn. Situated centrally, 
a little north of the centre of the state, and con- 
tains 640 sq. ms. Cumberland r. passes tlirough 
it from K. to w., curbing to the s. Drained by 
Harpeth r.. Stone's r.. White's and Poplar creeks. 
Surface undulating ; soil, fertile. Capital, Na.sh- 
ville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 21,769, 
sheep 2,513, swine 90,336 ; wheat 104,486 bush, 
produced, rye 56,505, Ind. corn 1,456,800, oats 
228,924, potatoes 57,051, tobacco 334,394 pounds, 
cotton 194,665 ; 11 commer. and 8 com. houses, 
cap. $235,000 ; 83 stores, cap. $1,613,700; 4 lum- 
ber yards, cap. $3,800 ; 1 woollen fac, 1 cotton 
fac, 10 tanneries, 26 distilleries, 5 flouring m., 
75 grist m., 31 saw m., 1 paper fac, 4 printing of- 
fices, 2 binderies, 1 daily, 5 weekly, 3 semi-week- 
ly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. 341,230. 1 
college, 125 students, 39 acad. 1,353 students, 13 
sch. 367 scholars. Pop. 1830, 28,122; 1840, 
whites 17,457, slaves 12,318, free col'd 704; total, 
30,509. 

Davidson, p-t., Lycoming co.. Pa., 109 n. Har- 
risburg, 219 W. It has 3 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $1,000. 2 sch. 32 scholars. Pop. 370. 

Davidson, p-o , Harrison co., la., 115 s. In- 
dianapolis, 626 W. 

Davidson College, p-v., Mecklenburg co., 
N. C, 150 w. by s. Raleigh, 337 W. Davidson 
College, located here, was founded in 1833. It 
has a president, 2 professors, 23 alumni, 49 stu- 
dents, and 1,150 vols, in its libraries. The com- 
mencement is on the last Thursday in June. 

Davidson, t., Randolph co.. Ark. Population, 
355. 

Davidson, t., Lapeer co., Mich. Pop. 69. 

Davidson River, p-o., Henderson co., N. C, 
289 w. by s. Raleigh, 519 W. 

Davidsonville, p-v., Anne Arundel co., Md., 
10 Annapolis, 30 W. 

Davidsonville, p-v., Somerset co., Pa., 142 
w. Harrisburg, 168 W. 

Davie, county, N. C. Situated in the cen- 
tral part of the state, and contains 175 sq. ms. It 
has the Yadkin river on the E.,and is drained by 
Its branches. Surface undulating, soil very fer- 
tiles. Capital, Mocksville. Tiiere were in 1840, 
neat cattle 5,414, sheep 5,615, swine 18,783; 



wheat 44,481 bush, produced, rye 8,232. Ind. com 
313,533, oats 51,145, potatoes 4,256, tobacco 
66,771 pounds, cotton 307,040; 10 stores, cap 
$22,000 ; 1 cotton fac, 5 tanneries, 75 distilleries, 
3 flouring m., 23 grist m., 19 saw m., 1 oil m. 
Cap. in manufac. $94,000. 12 sch. 268 scholars. 
Pop. whites 5,594, slaves 1,883, free col'd 92 ; 
total, 7,574. 

Da vies, coimty, la. Situated in the s. w. part 
of the state, between the E. and w. forks of 
White r., which unite on its s. w. border. Wa- 
tered by the branches of White r. and small trib- 
utary creeks. The n. portion is level, the e. and 
s. undulating. Soil, generally fertile, with some 
fine prairies. Organized in 1816, and contains 420 
sq. ms. Capital, Washington. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 6,778, sheep 6,276, swine 14,713; 
wheat 35,286 bush, produced, ind. corn 202,423, 
oats 40,892, potatoes 12,787, tobacco 1,900 pounds ; 
21 stores, cap. $58,8.50; 2tanneries, 4 distilleries, 
7 grist m., 6 saw m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly 
newspapers. Cap. in manufac. .$34,720. 1 acad. 
43 students, 8 sch. 244 scholars. Pop. 6,720. 

Davies, county. Mo. Situated in the n. w. 
part of the state, and contains 576 sq. ms. The 
surface is undulating, and the soil fertile. Drained 
by the w. fork of Grand r., which passes cen- 
trally through it. Capital, Gallatin. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 2,451, sheep 2,267, swine 
8,879 ; wheat 2,644 bush, produced, Indian corn 
106,245, oats 8,720, potatoes 2,901, tobacco 28,603 
pounds ; 3 stores, cap. $7,852 ; 1 distillery, 1 grist 
m., 5 sch. 91 scholars. Pop. whites 2,600, slaves 
134, free col'd 2 ; total, 2,736. 

Davis, t., Lafayette co.. Mo. Pop. 673. 

Davis, t.. Saline co.. Ark. Pop. 312. 

Davis, t.. Fountain co., la. Pop. 714. 

Davisborougii, p-v., Washington co., Ga^ 41 
s. E. Milledgeville, 645 W. It contains an acad- 
emy and a few dwellings. It is situated on the 
central railroad, and is a depot. 

Davis Prairie, p-o., Lewis co., Mo., 136 n. by 
E. Jefferson city, 905 W. 

Davis's Ferry, p-o., Pickens dist., S. C, 172 
w. n. w. Columbia, 574 W. 

Davis's Mills, p-o., Bedford co., Va., 153 w 
Richmond, 223 W. 

Davls's Mills, Barnwell dist., S. C, 106 s. s. 
w. Columbia, 611 W. 

Davidson's, p-o., Warren co., N. J., 60 n. n. 
w. Trenton, 208 W. 

Davisonville, p-o., Lapeer co., Mich., 59 n 
by w. Detroit, 533 W. 

Davis's Springs, p-o., Robeson co., N. C, 73 
s. s. w. Ruleigh, 361 W. 

Davis's Store, p-o., Bedford co., Va., 141 w. 
by s. Richmond, 204 W. 

Daviston, p-v.. Clay co., la., 74 w. s. w. In- 
dianapolis, 645 W. 

Daviston, p-o., Talbot co., Ga. 

Davisville, p-v., Bucks co.. Pa., Ill e. Har- 
risburg, 153 W. 

Davisville, p-o.. Pike co., Ga. 

Dawkin's Mills, p-o., Jackson co., O., 75 s. 
8. E. Columbus, 368 W. 

Dawson, p-o., Habersham co., Ga., 138 n. Mil- 
ledgeville, 601 W. 

Dawson's, p-o., Alleghany co., Md., 183 w. n. 
w. Annapolis, 151 W. 

Dawson's Stand, p-o., Bledsoe co., Tenn., 117 
E. s. E. Nashville, 576 W. 

Dawsonville, p-o., Montgomery co., Md., 68 
N. N. w. Annapolis, 28 W. 

Day, p-t., Saratoga co., N. Y., 63 n. by w. Al- 
bany, 431 W. The surface is liilly and mountain- 
ous. The Kayaderosseras mt. extends across it. 
Drained by Sacaiidaga r., on which most of tlie 



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168 



DEC 



good land is situated. It has 2 stores, 1 fulling m., 
1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 pottery, 1 grist m., 3 
saw ni. Cap. in manufac. $8,700. 5 sch. 220 
scholars. Fop. 942. 
Daysville. p-o., Ogle co., HI. 
Dayanville, p-v., Watson t., Lewis co., N. Y., 
141 N. w. Albany, 440 W. Situated on Crystal 
or., and contains 2 stores, 3 saw m., 20 dwellings, 
and about 125 inhabitants. 

Day's Landing, p-o., York co., Pa., 33 s. s. E. 
Harrisburg, 99 W. 

Daysville, p-o., Bradley co., Tenn., 163 s. e. 
Nashville, 574 W. 

Dayton, p-t., Cattaraugus co., N. Y., 312 w. 
by s. Albany, 350 W. The surface is undula- 
ting ; soil, clay and gravelly loam. Drained by 
Connewango cr. and its tributaries. It has 1 
store, cap. $5,000 ; 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 2 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $2,500. 6 sch. 308 schol- 
ars. Pop. 946. 
Dayton, p-o., Rockingham co., Va. 
Dayton, p-t., capital of Montgomery co., O., 
68 w. by s. Columbus, 461 W. Pop. of the v., 
1810,383; 1820, 1,139 ; 1830, 2,954 ; 1840,6,067: 
the t. in addition, 4,263. Watered by Great 
Miami r. and its tributaries, s. w. branch of 
Mad r. and Wolf cr. Mad r. is here turned 
into a race, about a mile above its mouth, and 
after being employed in mills, is turned into the 
Miami, partly above and partly below the v., 
thus constituting the ground on which it stands, 
an island. In and iiear the v. are 4 cotton fac- 
tories with 5,000 spindles. There is a gun-bar- 
rel factory with a capital of fifteen thou.sand dol- 
lars, a large iron foundry, four machine shops, 
producing one hundred thousand dollars annu- 
ally, a clock factory producing 2,500 clocks 
yearly, an extensive paper factory, a carding and 
fulling mill, 7 flouring mills, 7 saw mili.s, 5 dis- 
tilleries, and various otiier mills and manufacto- 
ries. Capital in manufactures over §100,000. It 
contains a court house, and county offices of 
brick, and a jail and banking house of stone. It 
has 10 churches, 2 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 2 
Baptist, 2 Methodist, 1 Lutheran, 1 German Re- 
formed, 1 Roman Catholic, 2 academics, 82 stu- 
dents, 6 schools, 873 scholars, over 1,200 houses, 
50 stores, and 3 printing offices. The iMiami 
canal passes through the place and connects it 
with Cincinnati. 

Dayton, p-o., Lasalle co., 111., 137 n. n. e. 
Springfield, 777 W. 

Dayton, p-v., Tippecanoe co., la., 63 n. w. 
Indianapolis, 621 W. It contains about 50 in- 
habitants. 

Dayton, p-v., Marengo CO., Ala., 76 s. by w. 
Tuscaloosa, 887 W. 

Dead Fall, p-o., Abbeville dist., S. C, 89 w. 
Columbia, 519 W. 

Dead, river. Me., the w. branch of Kennebec 
r., rises near the boundary of Lower Canada, 
and after a course of 70 miles, falls into the Ken- 
nebec 20 m. below Moosehead lake. It passes 
tluough a fertile country. 

Dead, r., p-o, Somerset co., Me., 78 n. n. w 
Augusta, 672 W. «• n. w. 

Dead streani, a tributary of the Penobscot, 
enters it from the e. at Orouo. 
_ Dkal, v., Shrewsbury t., Monmouth CO. N J 
IS a small watering place, situated on Ponlar 
Swamp cr. Here are boarding houses, capable 
of accommodating from 50 to 100 persons. It is a 
fine place for the enjoyment of sea air and bath- 
ing The V. IS about a mile from the sea, and 3 
s. of Long Branch boarding houses. 
Deal's Mills, p-o., Caldwell co 
w. Raleigh, 418 W. 



N. C, 180 



Dean's CoRiNERs, p-o., Saratoga t, Saratoga 
CO., N. Y., 33 N. Albany, 406 W. 

Deansville, p-v., Marshall t., Oneida co., N. 
Y., 104 w. N. w. Albany, 375 W. Situated on 
the Chenango canal, and contains 1 church, 2 
stores, 2 warehouses, 30 dwelhngs, and about 
200 inhabitants. 

Dearborn, county, la. Situated in the s. E. 
part of the state, has the Ohio r. on its e. border, 
and contains 380 sq. ms. Organized in 1802. 
Drained by Great Miami and Whitewater rivers, 
and a number of small creeks. The surface is 
hilly and broken, with rich bottom lands on the 
rivers. Capital, Lawrenceville. There were in 
1810, neat cattle 10,455, sheep 16,451, swine 
21,349 ; wheat 131,318 bush, produced, rye 1,218, 
Ind. corn 610,299, buckwheat 1,125, barley 3,229, 
oats 152,802, potatoes 41,855, tobacco 2,850 
pounds, sugar 34,366 ; 76 stores, cap. $196,497; 1 
fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 600 sp., 6 
tanneries, 5 distilleries, 1 pottery, 21 grist m., 23 
saw m., 1 oil m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly news- 
paper. Cap. in manufac. $73,595. 4 acad. 30 
students, 56 sch. 1,110 scholars. Pop. 1830, 
13,974 ; 1840, 19,327. 

Dearborn, t., Kennebec co.. Me., 15 n. Au- 
gusta. A large pond, which contains a number 
of beautiful islands, covers a considerable por- 
tion of its surface. Incorporated in 1812. It has 
1 sch. 30 scholars. Pop. 163. 

Dearborn, t., Wayne co., Mich. The Rouge 
r. passes through it. It has 8 stores, cap. $4,240 ; 
1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 3 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. 
$11,050. It has 4 sch. 120 scholars. Pop. 1,248. 

Dearbornville, p-v.. Dearborn t., Wayne 
CO., Mich., 10 w. Detroit, 534 W. Situated on 
the .s. branch of Rouge r. It contains 1 Metho- 
dist church, 7 stores, 1 saw m., 1 flouring m., 1 
iron foundry, and about 60 dwellings. The U. 
States arsenal located here, consists of 11 brick 
buildings, the whole surrounded by a wall of 
heavy masonry 12 feet high. 

Deardoof's Mills, p-o., Wayne t., Tuscara- 
was CO., O., 112 E. N. E. Columbus, 324 W. 

Deatonville, p-o., Amelia co., Va. 

Deavertown, p-v., York t., Morgan co., O., 
71 E. by s. Columbus, 343 W. It has an eleva- 
ted and pleasant site, and contains 3 churches, 
35 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. 

De Bastrop, t., Cliicot co., Ark. Population, 
270. 

Decatur, county, Ga. Situated in the s. w. 
part of the state, and contains 1,675 sq. ms. 
Chattahoochee r. runs on its w. border. Drained 
by Flint and Spring rivers. Flint r. unites with 
the Chattahoochee on the s. border of the co. 
Organized in 1824. The surface is moderately 
uneven ; soil not A'ery fertile. Capiuil, Bain- 
bridge. There were in 1830, neat cattle 16,232, 
sheep 1,896, swine 16,517; Ind. corn 161,752 
bush, produced, oats 4,039, potatoes 41,137, tobac- 
co 12,170 pounds, cotton 1,794,928, sugar 33,755 ; 
18 stores, cap. $41,130 ; 23 tanneries, 1 distillery, 
16 grist m., 11 saw in. Cap. in manufac. $34,800. 
4 acad. 173 students, 4 sch. 66 scholars. Pop. 
1830, 3,854; 1810, whites 3,478, slaves 2,386, 
free col'd 8 ; total, 5,872. 

Decatur, county, la. Situated toward the s. 
E. part of the state, and contains 340 sq. ras. The 
surface is gently undulating ; soil fertile, and 
well adapted to grain. Drained by Flat Rock, 
Clifty, and Sand creeks, which afford water 
power. Organized in 1821. Capital, Greens- 
burgh. There were in 1840, neat cattle 11,862, 
sheep 14,793, swine 28,290; wheat 77,511 bush, 
produced, rye 3,198, Ind. corn 643,015, buck- 
wheat 317, oats 112,195, potatoes 12,445, sugar 



DED 



169 



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33,325 pounds ; 34 stores, cap. $90,350 ; 6 tanne- 
ries, 5 distilleries, 1 pottery, 21 gi-ist m., 22 saw 
m , 1 oil m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspa- 
per, 1 acad. 75 students, 56 sch. 2,986 scholars. 
Pop. 12,171. 

Uecatur, p-t, Otsego cc, N. Y., 61 w. by s. 
AUiany, 375 W. Tlie surface is elevated and 
hilly, and the soil sandy loam. Drained by Elk 
or. The v. has 1 Methodist church, 2 stores, 
and 20 dwellings. There are in the t., 2 stores, 
cap. $4,500 ; 1 fulling m., 2 grist m., 6 saw m. 
Cap. in manufiic. $6,320. 8 sch. 310 scholars. 
Pop. 1,071. 

Decatur, t., Mifflin cc, Pa., 14 n. e Lewis- 
town. The surface is moimtainous ; soil, slate 
and gravel. Watered by Jacks cr., a branch of 
the Juniata. It has 1 woollen fac, 1 1 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $2,945. 2 sch. 45 scholars. 
Pop. 767. 

Decatur, p-v., Byrd t.. Brown cc, O., 105 s. 
w. Columbus, 452 W. It contains a brick church, 
3 stores, 30 dwellings, and about 150 inhabitants. 

Decatur, p-t., Van Buren co., Mich., 153 w. 
Detroit, 615 W. Pop. 323. 

Decatur, p-v., capital of De Kalb co., Ga., 90 
N. w. Milledgeville, 676 W. It contains a court 
house, jail, an academy, 3 churches, and about 
50 dwellings. It has an elevated and healthy 
situation. The Georgia railroad from Augusta 
terminates near the v. 

Decatur, t., Marion co., la. It has 1 saw m., 
6 sch. 151 scholars. Pop. 916. 

Decatur, t., Washington co., O. It has 3 
sch. 143 scholars. Pop. 439. 

Decatur, p-v., Union dist., S. C, 77 n. w. 
Columbia, 457 W. 

Decatur, t., Lawrence co., O. It has 3 sch. 
98 scholars. Pop. 594. 

Decatur, p-v., Morgan co., Ala., 139 n. n. e. 
Tuscaloosa, 739 W. Situated on the s. side of 
Teni>essee r., at the e. termination of the Tus- 
cumbia and Decatur railroad. It contains several 
stores and dwellings. 

Decatur, p-v., capital of Adams co., la., 132 
N. E. Indianapolis, 522 W. Situated on the s. w. 
side of the Wabash r., and contains a court house 
and several dwellings. 

Decatur, p-v., capital of Newton co.. Miss., 
76 e. Jackson, 954 W. Situated on the head 
waters of Chickasawha r. It contains a court 
hou.se and several dwellings. 

Decatur, p-v., capital of Meigs co., Tenn., 
140 E. s. e. Nashville, 568 W. Situated 2i ms. 
E. of Tennessee r. It contains a court house, 
several stores and dwellings. 

Decatur, p-v., Howard co., Mo., 54 n. w. Jef- 
ferson city, 959 W. 

Decatur, p-v., capital of Macon co.. El., 40 e. 
Springfield, 749 W. Situated on the w. side of 
the N. fork of Sangamon r., on the borders of an 
extensive prairie. The country around is fer- 
tile and well settled. It has 3 stores, several 
mechanics, and about 35 dwellings. 

Deckertown, p-v.. Wantage t., Sussex co., 
N. J., 87 N. Trenton, 256 W. It contains 1 Pres- 
byterian church, 4 stores, 1 grist m. and 20 dwell- 
ings. It is situated in a ricli limestone country. 

Dedh AM, t., Hancock co., Mc. It has 1 store, cap. 
$1,000 ; 1 tamiery, 1 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. m 
manufac. $7,000. 5 sch. 197 scholars. Pop. 455. 

Dedha.m, p-t., capital of Norfolk co., Mass., 13 
s. s. w Boston, 431 W. Situated on Charles r., 
which affords good water power. Nepoiiset r. 
runs on its e. border, and a small stream runs 
from Charles r. into Neponset r. The t. is well 
cultivated, and contains 4 Congregational church- 
es, 1 Episcopal and 1 Baptist. The v. is pleasantly 



situated on Charles r., and contains 2 of the Con- 
gregational churches, and the Episcopal, a gran- 
ite court house, a jail, a bank, 2 printing offices, 
and more than 100 dwellings, many of them ele- 
gant. The Boston and Providence railroad 
passes through the t., and a railroad from the v., 
2 ms. long, connects with it. It has 12 stores, cap. 
$17,000 ; 3 woollen fac, 2 cotton fac. 4,200 sp., 2 
tanneries, 4 grist m., 4 saw m., 1 paper fac, 2 
printing offices, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in 
manufoc $249,700. 3 acad. 63 students, 11 sch. 
725 scholars. Pop. 3,290. 

Deep Creek, p-v., Norfolk co., Va., 114 s. e. 
Richmond, 244 W. Situated on both sides of 
Dismal Swamp canal, at its terminatior.. It con- 
tains 1 free church, 6 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw 
m., several mechanics, and 25 dwellings. Ex- 
ports, cedar shingles and other lumber from the 
Dismal Swamp. 

Deep Cut, p-o., Mercer co., O. 

Deep River, p-v., Saybrook t., Middlesex co., 
Ct., 33 s. by E. Hartford, 333 W. Situated on 
Connecticut r., at the entrance of Deep r., a 
small tributary. It has 1 Congregational and 1 
Baptist church, 1 comb fac, and several dwellings. 

Deep River, p-o., Guilford co., N. C, 99 w. 
N. w. Raleigh, 320 W. 

Deep, r., N. C, forms, with the Haw, the n. 
w. branch of Cape Fear r. 

Deep River, p-o.. Lake co., la., 148 n. n. e. 
Indianapolis, 692 W. 

Deep Spring, p-o., Hawkins co., Tenn., 255 
E. by N. Nashville, 441 W. 

Deep Water, p-o., Henry co.. Mo. 

Deep Water, t.. Van Buren co., Mo. Pop. 261. 

Deep Well, p-o., Iredell co., N. C, 137 w. 
Raleigh, 374 W. 

Deer Creek, p-o., Mercer co.. Pa., 236 w. n. 
w. Harrisburg, 291 W. 

Deer Creek, t., Madison co., O. It has 1 
saw m., 4 sch. 151 scholars. Pop. 545. 

Deer Creek, p-o., Livingston co., Mich., 61 
w. Detroit, 564 W. 

Deer Creek Work.s, p-o., Harford co., Md. 

Deer, cr., a small stream, Harford co., Md., 
enters the Susquehanna. 

Deer Creek, t., Pickaway co., O. It lies s. 
by w. Columbus, on both sides of a creek of the 
same name. It has 2 stores, cap. $1,500 ; 1 dis- 
tillery, 2 grist m., 2 saw m., 2 sch. 30 scholars. 
Pop. 1,374. 

Deerfield, p-t., Rockingham co., N. H., 19 s. 
E. Concord, 475 W. The surface is uneven, and 
the soil fertile, but not easily cultivated. Set- 
tled in 1756. Pleasant pond, a large body of 
water in the n. part, has its outlet into Suncook 
r. Lamprey r. passes through the t. It has 9 
stores, cap. $8,000 ; 4 tanneries, 3 grist m., 3 saw 
m., 1 oil m., 13 sch. 720 scholars. Population, 
1,950. 

Deerfield, p-t., Franklin co., Mass., 95 w. by 
N. Boston, 399 W. Connecticut r. runs on its e. 
border, and Deerfield r. runs through it, and here 
joins the Connecticut r. It is fertile, and, partic- 
ularly on the rivers, has some of the best meadows 
in the state. The v., which is separated from Con- 
necticut r. by a chain of high hills, is pleasantly 
situated on a plain, chiefly on one street, and 
contains a Congregational church, and an acade- 
my. There are in the t., 7 stores, cap. $25,300 ; 
1 tannery, 2 rope fac, 3 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $23,219. 1 acad. 123 students, 15 
sch. 303 scholars. Pop. 1,912. 

Deerfield, t., Oneida co., N. Y., 4 ms. n. 
Utica. Surface generally hilly ; soil, in some 
parts very fertile. Drained by tributaries of the 
Mohawk r. It has 4 stores, cap. $8,600 ; 1 gnst 



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m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $13,230. 11 
sci'j. 458 .•icholars. Fop. 3,120. 

Deerfield, t., Cumberland Co., N. J. The 
surface is level ; soil, clay, gravel and sand, made 
fertile by marl. Drained by Cohansey cr. and 
Muddy run, a branch of 3Iuurice r. It contains 

4 churches — 'Z Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, and 1 Me- 
thodist. It has 5 stores, cap. $46,000 ; 1 fulling 
m., 1 woollen fac, 4 distilleries, 1 glass house, 1 
pottery, 2 paper fac, 1 printing office, 1 bindery, 
1 weekly newspaper, 1 flouring m., 2 grist m., 2 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $97,975. 3 acad. 396 
students, 11 sch. 836 scholars. Pop. 2,621. 

Deerfield, t., Tioga CO., Pa., 1 3 n. w. Wellsbo- 
rough. The surface is hilly; soil, gravelly loam. 
Drained by Cowanesque cr., and Marsh cr. a 
tributary of Crooked cr. It has 3 stores, cap. 
$10,500 ; 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 3 
saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $10,450. 2 
sch. 140 scholars. Pop. 615. 

Deerfield, p-v., Warren co., Pa., 223 n. w. 
Harrisburg, 312 W. It has 1 store, cap. $1,000 ; 

5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,500. 4 sch. 80 
scholars. Pop. 450. 

Deerfield, p-t., Portage co., O., 149 n. e. 
Columbus, 310 W. Watered by Mahoning r. 
The Pennsylvania and Ohio canal passes through 
the t. It has 6 sch. 221 scholars. Pop. 1,184. 

Deerfield, t., Warren co., O. It has 6 sch. 
628 scholars. Pop. 1,871. 

Deerfield, p-v., Lenawee co., Mich., 65 s. w. 
Detroit, 495 W. 

Deerfield, t., Morgan co., O. It has 9 sch. 
307 scholars. Pop. 1,235. 

Deerfield, p-v., Augusta co., Va., 134 w. n. 
W. Richmond, 171 W. 

Deerfield, t., Ross co., O., 44 s. Columbus. 
Pop. 1,235. 

Deerfield, p-v., Randolph co.. la., 88 e. n. e. 
Indianapolis, 511 W. 

Deerfield, t.. Van Buren co.. Mo. Pop. 301. 

Deerfield, t., Livingston co., Mich. It has 
4 sch. 115 scholars. Pop. 440. 

Deerfield Street, p-v., Deerfield t., Cum- 
berland CO., N. J., 62 s. s. w. Trenton, 173 W. 
It contains a Presbyterian church, 1 store, and 
25 dvk'ellings. The t. is drained by Cohansey cr., 
and contains 4 churches, 2 Presbyterian, 1 Bap- 
tist, and 1 Methodist, and an academy, 11 stores, 
1 large flouring m., 2 saw m., and 1 woollen fac. 

Deerfield, r., Mass., rises in Vt., and after a 
course of 50 ms. enters the Connecticut in the n. 
part of Deerfield t. Its precipitous banks, in its 
passage through the mountains, are curious and 
romantic. 

Deerfieldville, p-v.. Union t., Warren co., 
O., 89 s. E. Columbus, 473 W. Founded in 1795, 
when it was a frontier town. Situated on the n. 
bank of Little Miami r. The river bottoms are 
here exceedingly rich, but being liable to be 
overflowed, this circumstance has retarded the 
growth of the place. It contains about 15 houses 
and 20 families. 

Dkering, p-t., Hillsboro' co., N. H., 25 s. w. 
Con(tord, 469 W. Watered by Contoocook r 
Incxjqwrated m 1774. The surface is diversified, 
and the soil moderately fertile. It has some 
manufactures, jiarticularly of brick. I has '' 
stores, cap. $4,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac. 
1 tannery, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac' 
$4,910. llsch. 377 scholars. Pop. 1,124 

Deer Isle, p-t., Hancock co.. Me., 93 e by ,s 
Augusta, 689 W. The t. consists of an island 
on the E. side of Penobscot bay. with 2 or 3 
small adjoining islands. Incorporated in 1789. 
These islands are fertile ; and having good har- 
bors, are well situated for engaging in the fishc- 



Iries. It has 15 stores, cap. $13,650; 1 fulling m.' 
2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 acad. 30 stu- 
dents, 2 sch. 1,170 scholars. Pop. 2,841. 

Deerpark, t., Orange co., N. Y., 38 w. New- 
burgh, 108 s. s. v*^. Albany. On the e. the sur- 
face is mountainous, but on the w., toward the 
Delaware, which washes its s. w. border, it is 
level. The soil is gravelly loam, and alluvial 
sand, and vegetable mold. Watered by Ncver- 
sink r., and Bush's kill, tributaries of the Dela- 
ware. The Delaware and Hudson canal, and 
the New York and Erie railroad pass thi-ough the 
t. It has 9 stores, cap. $35,400 ; 6 grist m., 9 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $39,400. 3 acad. 236 stu- 
dents, 3 sch. 114 scholars. Pop. 1,607. 

Deer River Fall,s, p-o., Duane t., Franklin 
CO., N. Y., 197 N. by w. Albany, 530 W. 

Deersville, p-v.. Stock t., Harrison co., O., 
109 E. by N. Columbus, 296 W. 

Defiance, p-v.. Defiance t., capital of Wil- 
liams CO., O., 152 N. w. Columbus, 504 W. Situ- 
ated at the junction of Maumee and Auglaize 
rivers. It is well located for commerce, being 
on the Wabash and Erie canal, and at the junc- 
tion of the Miami and Wabash canal, and at tho 
union of several navigable rivers. It has a court 
house, jail, and 944 inhabitants. It was an im- 
portant military post in the Indian wars. It has 
8 stores, cap. $31,300; 1 tannery, 1 printing of- 
fice, 1 weekly newspaper, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $10,550. 4 sch. 160 scholars. 

Defrietsville, p-v., Greenbush t., Rensse- 
laer CO., N. Y., 4 s. E. Albany, 347 W. It con- 
tains -1 Dutch Reformed church, 1 store, and 15 
dwellings. 

De Kale, county, Ga. Situated centrally 
toward the n. part of the state, and contains 360 
sq. ms. The surface is an elevated table land. 
The Chattahoochee r. runs on its n. w. border. 
Watered by branches of the Chattahoochee and 
of the Ocmulgee rivers. The Georgia railroad 
from Augusta, extends to the centre of this Co., 
and is to be continued to Tennessee r. Capital, 
Decatur. There were in 1840, neat cattle 7,209, 
sheep 4,396, swine 19,235 ; wheat 45,648 bush, 
produced, Ind. corn 293,054, oats 47,007, pota- 
toes 1,051, tobacco 270 pomids ; 20 stores, cap. 
$132,200 ; 3 tanneries, 4 distilleries, 17 grist m., 
14 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $17,500. 2 acad. 
77 students, 10 sch. 245 scholars. Pop. 1830, 
10.042; 1840, whites 8,456, slaves 2,004, free 
col'd 7 ; total, 10,467. 

De Kalb, county, Ala. Situated in the n. e. 
part of the state, and contahis 1,500 sq. ms. 
Tennessee r. forms its n. w. boundary. Drained 
by Will's cr., a branch of Coosa r. The surface 
is imeven, excepting along the valley of the creek. 
Capital, Lebanon. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 8,853, sheep 2,562, swine 98,779 ; wheat 
14,965 bush, produced, Ind. corn 313,591, oats 
12,520, potatoes 21,231, tobacco 17,563 pounds, 
cotton 94,723 ; 10 stores, cap. $12,500 ; 3 tanne- 
ries, 8 distilleries, 10 grist m., 5 saw m., 2 acad. 
147 students, 6 sch. 164 scholars. Pop. 5,929. 

De Kalb, county, Tenn. Situated in the cen- 
tral part of the state, and contains 275 sq. ms. 
The N. and w. parts are hilly and broken, being on 
the declivity of the Cumberland mountains. The 
s. part is level barrens, aflfording good pasturage 
for cattle. The soil is generally thin, but fertile, 
producing tobacco and grain. Capital, Sniith- 
ville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,921, 
sheep 5,832, swine 22,029 ; wheat 17,235 bush, 
produced, rye 3,210, Ind. corn 244,319, oats 
23,524, potatoes 71,000, tobacco 50,087 pounds, 
cotton 17,70(5 ; 6 stores, cap. $15,050 ; 10 tanne- 
ries, 26 distilleries, 5 flouring m., 75 grist m., 31 



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171 



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saw m., 1 paper fac, 4 printing offices, 2 binde- 
ries, 1 daily, 5 weekly, 3 semi-weekly newspa- 
pers. Cap. in manufac. $344,230. 10 sch. 122 
scholars. Pop. whites 5,398, slaves 459, free 
col'd 11; total, 5,868. 

De Kalb, county, la. Situated in the n. e. 
part of the state, and contains 365 sq. ms. Or- 
ganized in 1835. Watered by St. Joseph's 
branch of Maumee r. and several creeks. Cap- 
ital, Auburn. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
1,967, sheep 400, svvbie 3,033 ; wheat 9,058 bush, 
produced, Ind. corn 31,730, oats 6,958, potatoes 
18,679, tobacco 135 pounds, sugar 41,760 ; 4 stores, 
cap. $15,200; 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufoc. $6,300. 10 sch. 191 scholars. Pop. 1,968. 

De Kalb, p-t., St. Lawrence co., N. Y., 195 
N. N. w. Albany, 464 W. The surface is hilly, 
and the soil moderately fertile. Watered by 
Oswegatchie r. and its tributaries. Marble and 
iron ore are found here. The v. is situated on 
the E. side of Oswegatchie r., which has falls 
here, affording good water power. It contains 
1 store, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 30 dwellings, and 
about 150 inhabitants. The r. is navigable for 
boats to Ogdensburg. There are in the t., 1 
store, cap. $6,000 ; 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 4 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $9,415. 14 sch. 521 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,531. 

De Kalb, p-o., Richland co., O., 80 n. n. e. 
Columbus, 406 W. 

De Kalb, p-v., Hancock co.. III., 100 w. N. w. 
Springfield, 878 W. 

De Kalb, p-v., capital of Kemper co!, Miss., 
106 E. N. E. Jackson, 911 W. Situated 2 ms. s. 
Sacarnochee cr. It contains a court house, and 
a few dwellings. 

De Kalb, p-v., Lewis co., Va., 313 w. n. w. 
Richmond, 281 W. Situated on the n. bank of 
Little Kanawha r. 

De Kalb, p-c, Buchanan co.. Mo. 

Delavan, p-o., Yorkshire t., Cattaraugus co., 
N. Y., 282 w. by s. Albany, 337 W. 

Delavan, p-o., Walworth co., Wis., 64 s. e. 
Madison, 811 W. 

Delavan, p-o., Tazew'ell co.,Ill., 45 n. Spring- 
field, 783 W. 

Delaware, r., rises by 2 principal branches 
on the w. side of the (^atskill mountauis. The 
Mohawks, or western branch, proceeds from a 
small lake in a s. w. direction, and turning s. e., 
it reaches, the Pennsylvania line in lat. 42°, and 
proceeding 7 miles on the line between that state 
and N. York, it receives the Popacton branch, 
which also proceeds from the Catskill mountains, 
in a s. w. direction to its junction. After the 



union of these streams, the river pursues a wind- 
ing coiu-se to the s. e., forming the boundary be- 
tween N. York and Pennsylvania, in the whole, 
for 50 miles. It touches tlie n. w. corner of N. 
Jersey at Carpenter's point, in lat. 41° 24'. It 
then takes a s. w. direction, vmtil at its passage 
through the Kittatinny or Blue mountains, it 
turns to the s. e. This passage, called the Dela- 
ware Water Gap, is a great curiosity. The 
banks rise in a rugged and lofty v^all, 1,600 feet 
high, precipitously from the water's edge, unbro- 
ken. The distance through the mountains is 
about 2 miles, and in one place the river has 
worn out of the rock a basin from the hill of 
many acres in extent. In general, there is hard- 
ly room along the water's edge for a road, it 
being in many places overhung by immense 
rocks. Through this pass the river has a great 
depth. At Easton, it receives from the w. the 
Leliigh, one of its principal tributaries. A 
little below Easton, the river passes S. Moun- 
tain, and has a course s. w. 60 miles to Trenton, 
in which distance there are 25 rapids, with a 
total fall of 165 feet ; but they are navigable at 
high water. The river, below 'I'renton, turns to 
the s. w. until near the bay, which it enters in a 
s. E. direction. The river, from its source to the 
ocean, is about 309 miles long. It is navigable 
for vessels of the largest class, 40 ms. to Phila- 
delphia ; and for sloops, 35 ms. i'urtlier to Tren- 
ton. Above the falls at Trenton, it is navigable 
for boats of 8 or 9 tons, 100 miles. The Dela- 
ware is connected to the Hudson river by the 
Delaware and Hudson, and Ijy tlie i\Iorris canals. 
There is also a canal from the Delaware to the 
Chesapeake bay, 14 ms. long, 60 feet wide and 8 
feet deep, sufficient for the passage of small ves- 
sels. There are 5 bridges over the Delaware, 
the lowest of which is at Trenton. The largest 
cities and towns on the Delaware are Philadel- 
pliia, Burlington, Trenton, and Easton. 

Delaware Bay, at the mouth of Delaware r., 
is a large arm of the sea, 65 miles long, and 18 
miles across at its mouth, between Cape May on 
the N., and Cape Henlopen on the s. In the mid- 
dle, it is 30 miles across. For 70 miles from the 
sea, this bay has no safe natural harbor; and 
within Cape Henlopen, a magnificent work, 
called the Delaware Breakwater, has been erect- 
ed by the general government, consisting of a 
stone dyke or pier, 1,200 yards long, and another 
500 yards long, forming a safe artificial harbor. 
900,000 cubic yards of stone were consumed in 
these structures. The stones weigh from a 
quarter of a ton to 3 tons each. 



DELAWARE. 

Delaware, one of the middle United States, and, next to Rhode Island, the least in the Union, 
is bounded N. by Pennsylvania ; e. by Delaware river and bay ; s. and w. by Maryland. It is 
between 38° 29' and 39° 47' n. lat., and between 74° 56' and 75° 40' w. Ion., and between 1° 13 
and 1° 57' e. from W. It is 92 miles long, and 23 broad, and contains 2,120 sq. ms., or 1.356,800 
acres. The population in 1790, was 59,094; in 1800, 64,272 ; in 1810, 72,674 ; in 1820, 72,749; in 
1830, 76,739; in 1840, 78,085 : of which 2,605 were slaves ; 29,259 were white males, 29,302 do. 
females, 8,626 free colored males, 8,293 do. females. Employed in agriculture, 16,015 ; in com- 
merce, 467; in manufactures and trades, 4,060 ; navigating the ocean, 401; do. canals and rivers, 
235 ; learned professions and engineers, 199. 

This state is divided into three counties, which, with their population in 1840, and their capitals, 
are as follows; Kent, 19,872, Dover; New Castle, 33,120, Wilmington and New Castle ; Sus- 
sex, 25,093, Georgetown. Tliese counties are divided into 24 hundreds. 

Dover, situated on Jones's creek, 7 miles from its entrance into Delaware bay, is the seat of go- 
vernment. 

The lower part of tliis state is very level. The northern partis moderately hilly and rough, and 



DEL 172 DEL 



some of the heights are commanding. An elevated table land, toward its western border, passes 
through the state, dividing the waters which fall into the Chesapeake, from those which fall into 
Delaware bay ; it contains a chain of swamps, from which the principal streams take their rise ; 
some flowing w. to the Chesapeake, and others E. to the Delaware. The soil in the n. is a strong 
clay ; in the middle it is mixed with sand ; and in the s. part, the sand predominates. In the 
neii^hborhood of Delaware river, the soil is rich and productive, but becomes less so toward the 
swamps in the w. The principal productions are wheat, of a superior quality, Indian com, rye, 
barley, oats, flax, buckwheat, and potatoes. The southern part affords some fine grazing land ; 
and from a cypress swamp on Indian river, 12 miles long from n. to s., and 6 miles broad from e. to 
w., large quantities of timber are exported. Wheat is the principal article of export, and the 
Brandywine mills, in the neighborhood of Wilmington, are among the finest in the United States. 

In this state there were in 1840, 14,421 horses and mules, 53,833 neat cattle, 39,247 sheep, 74,228 
swine ; poultry valued at $47,265. There were produced 315,165 bush, of wheat, 5,260 of barley, 
927,405 of oats, 33,546 of rye, 11,299 of buckwheat, 2,099,359 of Indian corn, 64,404 pounds of wool, 
200,712 bush, of potatoes, 22,483 tons of hay, 1,458 pounds of silk cocoons. The products of the 
dairy amounted to $113,828, and of the orchard to $28,211. 

The exports in 1840, were $37,001, and the imports were $802. Tliere were 327 retail dry- 
goods and other stores, employing a capital of $907,750 ; 140 persons were engaged in the lumber 
trade, with a capital of $33,280 ; 165 persons were employed in the fisheries, with a capital of 
$170,000. The manufactures are more considerable than its commerce. There were home-made 
or family articles produced to the amount of $62,116 ; 2 woollen manufactories, employing 83 per- 
sons, producing articles to the amount of $104,700, and employing a capital of $107,000 ; 11 cotton 
manufactories, with 24,492 sp., employing 566 persons, producing articles to the amount of $332,272, 
and employing a capital of $330,500 ; 2 furnaces produced 17 tons of cast iron, and 5 forges produ- 
ced 449 tons of bar iron, with a capital of $36,200 ; 1 paper mill produced to the amount of $20,800, 
and other manufactures of paper to the amount of $1,500, the whole employing 15 persons, and a 
capital of $16,200 ; 9 persons manufactured pottery to the amount of $4,300, with a capital of 
$1,100 ; hats and caps were manufactured to the amountof $15,300, and straw bonnets to the amount 
of $450, employing 35 persons, and a capital of $9,075 ; 18 tanneries employed 66 persons, and a 
capital of $89,300 ; 75 other manufactories of leather, as saddleries, &c., manufactured articles to 
theamoimtof $166,037, employing a capital of $161,630; 9 persons manufactured confectionery 
to the amount of $6,500, with a capital of $2,500 ; 27 powder mills, employing 145 persons, manu- 
factured 2,100,000 pounds of gunpowder, with a capital of $220,000 ; 299 persons manufactured 
machinery to the amount of $314,500 ; 10 persons manufactured hardware and cutlery to the 
amount of $22,000 ; 10 persons manufactured granite and marble to the amount of $12,000 ; 1 16 per- 
sons produced brick and lime to the amountof $56,536 ; 143 persons manufactured carriages and wag- 
ons to the amount of $49,417, with a capital of $25,150; 21 flouring mills manufactured 76,194 
barrels of flour, and with other mills, employed 288 persons, and produced to the amoimt of 
$737,971, with a capital of $294,150 ; ships were built to the amount of $35,400 ; 130 persons manu- 
factured furniture to the amount of $16,300, employing a capital of $34,800 ; 47 brick houses, and 
104 wooden houses built, employed 299 persons, and cost $145,850 ; 6 printing oflices and 2 
binderies, 3 weekly and 3 semi-weekly newspapers, and 2 periodicals, employed 33 persons, and 
a capital of $11,450. The whole amount of capital in the state employed in manufactures was 
$1,589,215. 

The climate of this state is generally mild, though in the northern part the winter season is 
sometimes considerably severe. It is generally healthy. 

The rivers are small. Brandywdne creek rises in Pennsylvania, is 40 miles long, and uniting 
with Christiana creek, forms the harbor of Wilmington, 1 m. below the town, and 2 miles w. of 
Delaware river. Duck creek, Mispillion creek, and Indian river flow into the Delaware. 

Delaware bay washes the eastern part of the state. It has no good natural harbors in this part 
of it. To remedy this inconvenience, the government of the United States have undertaken the 
construction of the Delaware Breakwater, in front of Lewiston, near Cape Henlopen. It consists 
of 2 piers, an ice-breaker, 1,500 feet long, and a breakwater, 3,600 feet long, and when completed, 
is estimated to cost $2,216,950. 

Wilmmgtonis the largest and most commercial town in the state. Vessels drawing 14 feet of 
Waaler can come to its wharves ; it has considerable trade, and has several ships engaged in the 
whahng busmess. The other principal towns are Dover and New Castle. 

There is *'>'t one college m the state, Newark College, at Newark, which was founded in 1833, 
ana hao, in 1840, 23 students. Besides this there were in the state, 20 academics, with 761 stu- 
dents ; 1&.5 primary and common schools, with 6,924 scholars ; and 4,832 persons over 20 years of 
age who could neither read nor write. 

The principal religious denominations are the Presbyterians, who, in 1836, had 15 ministers , the 



DEL 



173 



DEL 



Methodists, 15 ministers ; the Episcopalians, 6 ministers ; the Baptists, 9 churches and 5 ministers ; 
and the Roman Cathohcs, 2 ministers ; besides some Friends. 

In Jan., 1840, the state had 4 banks, and 4 branches, with an aggregate capital of $1,071,318. 
The state had no state debt. 

The present constitution was adopted in 1831. The governor is chosen for 4 years, and to be 
ever after ineligible. The senate consists of 3 members from each county, chosen for 4 years. 
The representatives are 7 from each county, chosen once in two years. The legislature meets 
once in two years, on the first Tuesday of January. The elections are held on the second Tues- 
day of November. Every male citizen over 22 years of age, who has resided one year in the state, 
and the last month in the county in which he votes, and paid a tax, has the right of suffrage ; and 
if he be between 21 and 22 years, and otherwise qualified, he may vote witViout the payment of a 
tax. The state treasurer is chosen by the legislature biennially ; and in case of his death, resigna- 
tion, &c., the governor fills the office until the next session of the legislature. The judicial power 
of the state is exercised by four common law judges and a chancellor. Of the 4 law judges, one 
is chief-justice, and the others are associates. ITie chief-justice and chancellor may be appointed 
from any part of the state, but there must be one associate judge in each county. A court consists 
of the chief-justice and two associates. No associate judge is permitted to sit in his own county. 
The legislature have power to establish such inferior courts as may be necessary. The chancel- 
lor exercises the powers of a court of chancery, and with all the judges, a court of appeals. 

The constitution provides that no act of incorporation shall be passed without a vote of two 
thirds, unless it be the renewal of an existing incorporation ; and all acts are to contain a power of 
revocation by the legislature. No act hereafter passed shall be in force longer than 20 years, 
without a re-enactment by the legislature. No person belonging to the military, naval, or marine 
service of the United States, can gain such a residence as will entitle him to vote, by being sta- 
tioned at any military or naval post in the state. 

The Chesapeake and Delaware canal, is the most important work of internal improvement in this 
.slate. It crosses the northern part of the state, commencing at Delaware city, 46 miles below 
Philadelphia, and extends 13i miles to Back creek, a navigable branch of Elk River. Being 66 
feet w ide at the surface and 10 feet deep, it is navigable for sloops and steamboats. The Deep 
Cut in this canal is 4 miles in length, through a hill 90 feet high. This canal was commenced in 
1824, and completed in 1829, at a cost of $2,200,000. The New Castle and Frenchtown railroad 
also forms a connection between the Delaware and Chesapeake. It extends from New Castle on 
the Delaware river, to Frenchtown on Elk river, is 16i miles long, and was fmished in 1832, at an 
expense of $400,000. 

Delaware was first settled by the Swedes and Finns, under the patronage of Gustavus Adolphus, 
and received the name of New Sweden. In 1630, they built a fort at Lewiston, and in a year after, 
another near Wilmington. They were too weak, and too far removed from the protection of the 
mother country, to sustain themselves against the Dutch, who subdued them in 1655. In 1664, 
this territory was included in the comitry taken by the English from the Dutch, granted by 
Charles II. to the Duke of York, who, in 1682, conveyed it to William Penn. Delaware remained 
nominally united to Pennsylvania, and under its proprietary government, until 1775 ; thougli they 
had, in iact, a separate government before. They were denomuiated the Lower Countries of the 
Delaware, and as such, were represented in the first congress at New York, in 1765. This state 
suffered severely in the revolutionary war, in which its citizens bore an honorable part. In con- 
vention, they adopted the constitution of the United States, December 3d, 1787, by a unanimous 
vote. 



Delaware, county, N. Y. Situated toward 
the s. E. part of the state, and contains 460 square 
ms. The surface is rough and hilly, but the land 
in the valleys is of a superior quality, and the 
hills are well adapted to grazing. Watered by 
head branches ol Delaware and Susquehanna 
rivers, down which lumber is floated to a market. 
The chief articles of export are live stock and 
lumber. Capital, Delhi. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 56,982, sheep 135,843, swine 27,738 ; 
wheat 94,120 bush, produced, rye 128,053, Indian 
com 46,454, buckwheat 63,832, barley 1,158, oats 
464,715, potatoes 779,424, sugar 398,967 pounds ; 
82 stores, cap. $280,897 ; 24 fulling m., 5 wool- 
len fac, 23 tanneries, 52 grist m., 220 saw m., 2 
printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in 
manufac. $312,495. 2 acad. 433 students, 284 
sch. 10,651 scholars. Pop. 1830, 32,933; 1840, 
35,396. 

Delaware, county, Pa. Situated in the s. e. 



part of the state, and contains 220 square miles 
Drained by Darby, Ridley, and Chester creeks, 
which afford numerous mill seats. The surface 
is undulating, and the soil productive. A large 
amount of the vegetables in the Philadelphia 
market is supplied from this county, and the 
amount of its manufactures is great. Capital, 
t'hester. There were in 1840, neat cattle 14,786, 
sheep 7,121, swine 12,426; wheat 91,381 bushels 
produced, rye 3,359, Ind. corn 178,264, buckwheat 
1,846, barley 3,443, oats 219,047, potatoes 81,895, 
silk cocoons 210 pounds ; 43 stores, cap. $126,000 ; 
2 lumber yards, cap. $9,500 ; 5 fulhng m., 1 fur- 
nace, 9 woollen fac, 21 cotton fac. 36,202 sp., 3 
dyeing and print, estab., 12 tanneries, 4 potter- 
ies, 2 flouring m., 29 grist m., 39 saw m., 1 1 paper 
fac, 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. 
Cap. in manufac. $671,824. 2 colleges 118 stu- 
dents, 51 sch. 2,257 scholars. Pop. 1830, 17,361 ; 
1840, 19,791. 



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Dklaware, county, O. Situated in the cen- 
tral part of the state, and contains 610 sq. miles. 
The Scioto and Whetstone rivprs, and Alum 
and Big Walnut creeks, pass thnnigh the county 
from N. to s., and, with other streams, afford many 
mill seats. The soil is well adapted to farming. 
Capital, Delaware. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 19,732, sheep 26,810, swine 37,331 ; wheat 
139,531 bush, produced, rye 3,620, Indian corn 
410,618, buckwheat 14,237, barley 4,222, oats 
206,282, potatoes 68,037, tobacco 18,250 pounds, 
sugar 269,087 ; 38 stores, cap. «i79,755 ; 1 woollen 
fac, 19 tanneries, 6 distilleries, 37 grist m., 67 
saw m., 1 oil m., 1 paper fac, 1 printing office, 1 
weekly newspaper. Cap. in nianufac. $149,970. 
1 acad. 42 students, 42 sch. 3,365 scholars. Pop. 
1830, 11,523; 1840,22,060. 

Delaware, county, la. Situated in the e. 
part of the state, and contains 384 sq. ras. The 
j;urface is generally level, and the soil productive. 
Drained by the w. fork of White r., and Missis- 
sinevva r., besides Bell and Buck creeks. Capi- 
tal, Muncictown. There were in 1840, neat cat- 
tle 6,455, sheep 6,952, swine 1 1,465 ; wheat 58,902 
bush, produced, rye 3,633, Indian corn 345,888, 
buckwheat 1,583, oats 82,548, potatoes 20,780, 
isugar 99,778 pounds ; 16 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 
13 grist m., 14 saw ni. Cap. in manufac. $51,621. 
1,329 scholars in schools. Pop. 1830, 2,374 ; 1840, 
8,843. 

Delaware, county, Iowa. Situated in the n. 
part of the territory, and contains 576 sq. miles. 
Watered by Macoquetais r. and its tributaries. 
The surface is dry and rolling, and the soil is 
fertile. It abounds with excellent timber. Iron 
ore is found. It is attached to Dubuque co. for 
judicial purposes. Tliere were in 1840, neat cat- 
tle 228, sheep 25, swine 574 ; wheat 450 bushels 
produced, Ind. com 3,775, oats 690, potatoes 1,475. 
Pop. 168. 

Delaware, t., Hunterdon co., N. J. Situated 
on the e. side of the Delaware r., and drained by 
Wickhecheoke cr. It has 7 stores, cap. 12,000 ; 
3 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 6 grist m., 6 saw m., 1 
oil m. Cap. in manufac. $12,360, 8 sch. 227 
scholars. Pop. 2,305. 

Delaware, t., Mercer co.. Pa., 7 n. w. Mer- 
cer. The surface is uneven ; soil, clay and 
loam. Drained by Chenango and Lackawan- 
nock crs. It has 2 stores, cap. $4,500 ; 1 tannery, 
1 distillery. Cap. in manufac. $1,600. 12 sch. 
455 scholars. Pop. 2,024. 

Delaware, p-t.. Pike co.. Pa., 148 n. e. Har- 
risburg, 242 W. Watered by Dingman's cr. and 
Bushkill cr. Surface, uneven and broken ; soil, 
gravelly loam. The v. has an academy, to which 
the state gave $1,000. It has 5 sch. 128 scholars. 
Pop. 590. 

Delaware, t., Williams co., O., lying on Mau- 
mee r., w. of Defiance. It has 1 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $500. 2 sch. 41 scholars. Pop. 
201. 

Delaware, C. H., p-v., capital of Delaware 
CO., O., 21 N. Columbus, 408 W. It is pleasantly 
situated on the w. bank of the Oleatangy or 
Whetstone r., across which is a handsome bridge. 
It contains a handsome brick court house, 3 
churches— 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, and 1 
Methodist — 12 stores, 1 woollen fac, 1 printing 
office, 150 houses, and 898 inhabitants. There is 
a white sulphur spring in the s. e. border of the 
v., where a spacious mansion house is erected 
for visiters, and which is considerably frequented. 
There are also several chalybeate .springs in the 
immediate vicinity. Pop. of t. 1,091. 

Delaware, t., Hancock co., O. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $2,500 ; 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. 



in manufac. $3,015. 4 sch. 106 scholars. Pop. 
451. 

Delaware, p-v., Jersey co., 111., 59 s. w. 
Springfield, 826 W. 

Del.'Vware, t., Hamilton co., la. It has 2 sch. 

39 scholars. Pop. 753. 

Delaware, p-v., Ripley co., la., 65 s. E. In- 
dianapolis, 536 W. Pop. 1,258. 

Delaware, city and p-v., Newcastle co., 
Del., 35 N. Dover, 130 W. Situated on the w. 
bank of Delaware r., at the entrance of the Ches- 
apeake and Delaware canal. It contains 30 or 

40 large buildings. 

Delaware Grove, p-o., Mercer co., Pa., 240 
w. N. w. Harrisburg, 283 W. 

Delectable Hill, p-o.. Pike co., la., 139 s. 
w Lidianapolis, 670 W. 

Delhi, p-t., capital of Delaware co., N. Y., 77 
w. s. w. Albany, 327 W. The surface is broken, 
but the soil in the valleys is fertile. Drained by 
branches of Delaware r., wMch here unite to 
form the Mohawks or w. branch of the Delaware. 
The V. is pleasantly situated on a plain, on the 
w. side of the w. branch of Cooquago or Mo- 
hawks r. It has a fine court house, a jail, an 
academy, 3 churches, 10 stores, 1 woollen fac, 1 
grist m., 1 saw m., 2 printing offices, 125 dwell- 
ings, and about 800 inhabitants. Pop. of the t. 
2,554. The t. has 10 stores, cap. $45,000 ; 2 full- 
ing m., 1 woollen fac, 2 grist m., 11 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $35,700. 1 ac^. 183 students, 17 
sch. 642 scholars. 

Delhi, t., Hamilton co., O., between Cincin- 
nati and North Bend. It is a small townsliip of 
excellent land. It has 3 sch. 107 scholars. Pop. 
1,466. 

Delhi, p-v., Jersey co.. 111., 78 s. w. Spring- 
field, 820 W. 

Delphi, p-v., Pompey t., Onondaga co., N. Y., 
119 w. by N. Albany, 342 W. It contains 2 
churches, 3 stores 35 dwellings, and about 250 in- 
habitants. 

Delphi, p-v., Marion co., Tenn., 114 s. e. 
Nashville, 611 W. Situated on the w. side of 
Sequatchy r. 

Delphi, p-v., capital of Carroll co., la., 66 n. n. 
w. Indianapolis, 624 W. Situated on the E. side 
of Wabash r., at the entrance of Deer cr. Near 
this place is a remarkable spring of water, of a 
reddish color. It contains a court house, 2 
chiu-ches, several stores, 35 dwellings, and about 
200 inhabitants. 

Delphi, p-v.. Gasconade co., Mo., 53 s. e. Jef- 
ferson city, 917 W. Situated on the n. side of 
Bourbeuse cr. 

Delpiiton, p-v., Fayette co., Ky., 20 e. by s. 
Frankfort, 530 W. 

Delta, p-v., Lee t, Oneida co., N. Y., 112 w. 
N. w. Albany, 396 W. It contains 1 church, 3 
stores, 1 large flouring m., 1 fulUng m., 1 furnace, 
1 distillery, 50 dwellings, and about 350 inhabit- 
ants. 

Delta, p-o., Lucas co., O., 145 n. by w. Co- 
lumbus, 476 W. 

Delta, p-o., Parke co., la., 73 w. Indianapolis, 
644 W. 

Delta, p-o., Coahoma co.. Miss. 

Delmar, t., Tioga co.. Pa. It has 11 stores, 
cap. $18,400 ; 2 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 1 printing 
office, 1 weekly newspaper, 3 grist m., 13 saw iiu 
Cap. in manufac. $23,050. 5 sch. 125 scholars 
Pop. 946. 

Demand, t., Randolph co.. Ark. It has 1 sch 
20 scholars. Pop. 319. 

Democrat, p-o., Carroll co., la. 

Democracy, p-o., Pike t., Knox co., O., 59 a 
Columbus, 377 W. 



DEP 



175 



DER 



Demopolis, p-v., Marengo co., Ala., 64 s. s. w. 
Tuscaloosa, 876 W. Siluated on the e. bank of 
Tombigbee r., a little below the mouth of Black 
Warrior r. It contains a U. S. land, office, 30 
stores, and 150 dwellings. 

De.moss, p-o., Belmont co., O., 126 e. Colum- 
bus, 287 W. 

Dempseytown, p-o., Venango co.. Pa. 

De.'^mark, p-t., Oxford co., Me., 82 s. w. Au- 
gusta, 47 N. w. Portland, 569 W. Saco r. runs 
on its s. w. border. It has a good soil, producing 
excellent wheat. It has 2 stores, cap. $1,500; 1 
fulling m., 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 3 saw m., 15 sch. 
490 scholars. Pop. 1,143. 

Denmark, p-t., Lewis co., N. Y., 146 n. w. 
Albany, 435 W. Black r. runs on its n. e. bor- 
der. Watered also by Deer cr. The surface is 
hilly, and the soil a rich loam, underlaid with 
limestone. It has 4 stores, cap. $17,800; 1 fur- 
nace, 2 lulling m., 1 woollen fac, 3 tanneries, 2 
grist m., 5 saw ra., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. 
1 11, 200. 1 acad. 120 students, 18 sch. 773 schol- 
ars. Pop. 2,3S3. 

Denmark, p-t., Ashtabula co., O., 20S n. e. 
Columbus, 335 W. Organized in 1815. It has 1 
grist m., and 2 saw m. 3 sch. 64 scholars. Pop. 176. 

DENMARK, p-v., Madison co., Tenn., 146 s. w. 
by w. Nashville, 831 W. 

De.nnis, p-t., Barnstable co., Mass., 81 s. E. 
Boston, 482 W. It extends across Cape Cod. 
Salt has long been made here by the evaporation 
of sea water. There were m 1840, 37,315 bush, 
produced. Bass r., issuing from a small pond, 
affords some water power. Considerable ship- 
ping is owned at this place, engaged in the fish- 
cries and the coasting trade. It has 19 stores, 
cap. $22,325 ; 1 tannery, 5 grist m. Cap. in fish- 
eries $36,300 ; in manufac. $9,192. 14 sch. 899 
scholars. Pop. 2,912. 

Denni.s, p-t.. Cape May co., N. J., 85 s. Tren- 
ton, 195 W. Post-office called Dennis Creek. 
Dennis cr., which enters Delaware bay, runs on 
its s. w. border. The n. part consists of sandy 
plains. There are in the t. 2 churches ; 7 stores, 
cap. $13,800; 2 grist m., 6 saw m., 4 sch. 205 
scholars. Pop. 1,350. 

Dennison, t., Luzerne co.. Pa. It has 3 stores, 
cap. $13,000; 1 powder m., 10 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $42,500. 1 sch. 50 scholars. Pop. 976. 

Dennisville, p-o., Amelia co., Va., 53 s. w. 
Richmond, 170 W. 

Denna'sville, p-t., Washington co.. Me., 174 
E. N. e. Augusta, 760 W. Dennis r. runs on its 
s. w. border, and enters Cobscook bay, which lies 
s. of it. It has 2 stores, cap. $10,000 ; 1 tannery, 

1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,500. 

2 sch. 178 scholars. Pop. 378. 

Denton, p-o.. Pike co.. Pa., 133 n. e. Harris- 
burg, 232 W. 

De.nton, p-v., capital of Caroline co., Md., 65 
E. Annapolis, 105 W. Situated on the e. bank 
of Choptank r. It contains a court house and 
several dwellings. 

Dentonsvii^le, p-v., Hanover co., Va., 21 n. 
Richmond, 13SW. 

Dent's Mills, p-o., Monongalia co., Va., 292 
N. w. Richmond, 223 W. 

Depauville,p-v., Clayton t., Jefferson co., N. 
Y., 178 N. w. Albany, 423 W. It is situated on 
the E. side of Chaumont r.,and contains 1 church, 
2 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 30 dwellings, and 
about 200 inhabitants. 

Depere, p-v., capital of Brown co., Wiscon- 
sin, 153 n. e. Madison, 943 W. 

Depeyster, p-t., St. Lawrence co., N. Y., 198 
N. N. w. Albany, 467 W. The surface is undu- 
lating, and the soil fertile, and easily tilled. Black 



lake lies on its w. border, and Oswegatchie river 
passes through it. It has 1 saw m., 5 sch., 165 
scholars. Pop. 1,074. 

Deposit, p-v., Tompkins t., Delaware co., N. 
Y., 118 w. s. w. Albany, 300 W. Situated on 
the N. side of Delaware r., and contains 1 Presby- 
terian and 1 Baptist church, 5 stores, 1 grist m., 
2 saw m., 1(X) dwellings, and about 6'30 inhabit- 
ants. Much lumber is floated from this place, 
down the Delaware, to a market. 

Deptford, t., Gloucester co., N. J. It has a 
level surface, and a sandy soil. The s. part is 
chiefly a pine forest, furnishing timber and wood. 
Drained by Big Timber cr. and branches of Egg 
Harbor r. Woodbury v., the capital of the co., 
is in tliis t. There are in the t. 14 stores, cap. 
$28,000; 3 fulling m., 5 woollen fac, 1 cotton 
fac, 1 tannery, 1 printing office, 1 weekly news- 
paper, 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $32,900. 7 
sch. 662 scholars. Pop. 2,570. 

Derby, p-t., Orleans co., Vt., 58 n. n. e. Mont- 
pelier, 574 W. It is bounded w. by Lake Mem- 
phremagog, and n. by the Canada line. Watered 
by Clyile r., issuing from Salem pond, on wliicli 
are mill seats. Pine timber is found near the 
lake, where the soil is light; but furtlier back, 
the growth is hard wood, and the soil is ferlile. 
Organized in 17;»8. It has 7 stores, cap. $21,700 ; 

2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 distil- 
lery, 2 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$27,850. 12 sch. 658 scholars. Pop. 1,631. 

Derby, p-t.. New Haven co., Ct., 44 s. w. 
Hartford, 300 W. The surface is uneven ; the 
soil, particularly on the banks of the rivers, is fer- 
tile. Watered by Housatonic, which washes its 
s. w. border, and Naugatuck rivers. The prin- 
cipal V. is situated at the head of sloop naviga- 
tion, on the E. side of the Housatonic r., just be- 
low the junction of Naugatuck r., 12 miles from 
the sound. Naugatuck r. affords excellent water 
power. The harbor is good for vessels of 80 tons, 
audits navigation is confined chiefly to the coast- 
ing trade with New York. A few miles back 
from the Housatonic, on Naugatuck r., is the 
romantic village of Humphreysville, wliere i.s a 
large woollen factory, which was one of the fir.'-t 
established in the United States. There are in 
the t. 6 churches — 2 Congregational, 3 Episcopal, 
and 1 Methodist ; 13 store.s, cap. $32,800 ; 1 lum- 
ber yard, cap. $3,000; 6 fulling m., 2 woollen 
fac, 3 cotton fac. 2,378 sp., 3 tanneries, 4 distit- 
leries, 1 rope fac, 2 paper fac, 1 flouring m., 1 
grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $200,70!), 
principally in metals. 2 acad. 57 students, 11 
sch. 695 scholars. Pop. 2,851. 

Derby Line, p-o., Derby t., Orleans co., Vt., 
61 N. N. e. Montpelicr, 377 W. 

Derickson's Cross Roads, p-o., Worcester 
CO., Mass., 107 s. e. Annapolis, 147 W. 

Derry, p-t., Rockingham co., N. H., 28 s. i;. 
Concord, 457 W. Taken from the e. part ol' 
Londonderry in 1823. It has a fertile soil, well 
adapted to grazing. It has some manufactures. 
The V. is pleasantly situated, 'niere are in the 
t. 5 stores, cap. $19,500 ; 3 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 
5 gri.st m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $28,100] 

3 acad. 170 students, 11 sch. 521 scholars. Pop. 
2,034. 

Derry, t., Mifflin co.. Pa. Watered by Kish- 
coquilla cr. It contains Lewistown, the capital 
of the CO. It has 1 forge, 3 tanneries, 4 grist m., 

4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $30,160. 6 sch. 199 
scholars. Pop. 1,080. 

Derry, t., Dauphin co.. Pa., 12 s. e. Harris- 
bnrg. The surface is diversified ; soil, calcareous 
loam and slate. It has 7 stores, cap. .$23,500 ; 
1 lumber yard, cap. $3,500 ; 2 fulling m., 2 wool- 



DES 



176 



DET 



len fac, 2 tanneries, 5 distilleries, 5 flouring m., 

1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manui'ac. $7,754. 

2 sch. 120 scholars. Pop. 1,816. 

Derry, p-t., Columbia co., Pa., 84 n. by e. 
Harrisburg, 194 W. The surface is level ; soil, 
clay and calcareous loam. It has 5 stores, cap. 
$23,500 ; 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 1 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,975. 5 sch. 106 
scholars. Pop. 1,754. 

De Ruyter, p-t., 3Iadison co., N. Y., 122 w. 
by N. Albany, 340 W. The surface is elevated 
and hilly, and the soil clay and sandy loam. 
Drained by Toughnioga r. The v. was incorpo- 
rated in 1833, and contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 
Baptist church, an academy, 4 stores, 1 tannery, 
60 dwellings, and about 400 inhabitants. There 
are in the t. 8 stores, cap. $45,900 ; 2 fulling m., 

3 tanneries, 2 grist m., 10 saw m., 1 rope fac, 1 
printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in 
manufac. $46,100. 1 acad. 194 students, 14 sch. 
520 scholars. Pop. 1,799. 

Desha, county, Aik. Situated in the s. E. part 
of the state, and contains 800 sq. ms. The 
Mississippi passes along its eastern border, and 
the Arkansas and White rivers unite and pass 
through the county. The surface is level, liable 
to be submerged in some parts ; soil, fertile. 
Capital, Belleville. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 4,592, sheep 229, swine 4,885 ; Ind. corn 
65,455 bush, produced, potatoes 3,942, cotton 
75,430 pounds; 11 stores, cap. $13,534; 6 grist 
m., 3 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly news- 
paper. Cap. in manufac. $14,130. Pop. whites 
1,155, slaves 407, free col'd 36; total, 1,598. 

Des Moines, r., Iowa, rises in the Coteau des 
Prairies, and flows in a s. E. direction through 
the s. part of the ter., and enters the Mississippi 
at the foot of the Des Moines rapids, on the 
boundary between Iowa and Missouri. In high 
water it is navigable 100 miles for steamboats, 
and for keel boats in all seasons. 

Des Moines, county, Iowa. Situated in the s. 
E. part of the ter., and contains 410 sq. ms. Mis- 
sissippi r. flows on its e. border. Drained by 
Flint r. and its tributaries. Skunk r. forms its s. 
w. boundary. It consists of timber and prairie 
in due proportions, and has a fertile soil. Capi- 
tal, Bui-lington. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
4,488, sheep 3,424, swine 15,940; wheat 15,810 
bush, produced, Ind. corn 190,720, oats 50,933, 
potatoes 17,428 ; 22 stores, cap. 128,975 ; 3 com. 
houses, cap. $14,000 ; 1 lumber yard, cap. $1,000 ; 
2 tanneries, 1 pottery, 2 grist m., 7 saw m., 2 
printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in 
manufac. $46,650. 16 sch. 352 scholars. Pop. 
5,577. ^ 

Des Moines, p-v., Hancock co., 111., 124 w. n. 
w. Springfield, 899 W. 

Des Moines, t., Clark co., Mo. It has 1 sch. 
22 scholars. Pop. 435. 

De Soto, county. Miss. Situated in the n. part 
of the state, and contains 925 sq. ms. Drained 
by Cold Water r. and branches. The Missis- 
sippi r. passes along its n. w. corner. Capital, 
Hernando. Tliere were in 1840, neat cattle 8,86-i, 
sheep 2,016, swine 17,204; wheat 2,600 bushels 
produced, Ind. corn 159,145, oats 3,250, potatoes 
12,150, cotton 251,078 pounds; 4 stores, capital 
$3,300 ; 1 tannery, 4 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap in 
manufac $38,780. 13 sch. 322 scholars Pop 
whites 3,975, slaves 3,021, free col'd 6 ; total 
7,002. ' 

Des Pl.unes, p-o., Cook co., 111., 182 n e bv 
N. Springfield, 741 W. ' . <^. uy 

Des Plaines, r., one of the head branches of 
Ilknois r., rises in Wisconsin, a. few miles above 
the boundary of Illinois, and runs generally over 



a bed of limestone rock, through a fertile coun- 
try. 

Detroit, city, capital of Wayne co., Mich., 
and of the state, 302 w. Buffalo, 524 W. It has 
a pleasant and healthy situation, on a river or 
strait of the same name, 30 feet above its surface, 
with a fine view of the surrounding country. It 
is 7 miles below the outlet of Lake St. Clair, and 
18 above the w. end of Lake Erie, in 42° 19' 53" 
N. lat., and 82° 58' w. long., and 5° 56' 12" w. 
long, from W. Pop. 1810, 770 ; 1820, 1,422 ; 1830, 
2,222 ; 1840, 9,102. It extends for the distance 
of a mile upon the r., and three fourths of a mile 
back. For 1,200 feet back of the r. its plan is 
rectangular. From this point 8 avenues, 200 feet 
wide, radiate, dividing it into triangular portions, 
all terminating at a large open area, called the 
Grand Circus. The principal public and private 
offices, and drygoods stores, are located on Jef- 
ferson avenue, a fine street running parallel with 
the r. There are several public squares, the 
most noted of which is called the Campus Mar- 
tins. The city is drained by public sewers. 
The city is partially supplied with water from an 
elevated reservoir, filled with water raised by 
steam pwwer from the river. Detroit is among 
the earlier settlements of N. America, having 
been founded by the French from Canada in 
1683. Among the public buildings are the State 
House, of brick, of the Ionic order, 90 by 60 feet, 
with 6 columns in front, and pilasters on the 
sides. The dome presents an extensive and fine 
view of the surrounding country. The City 
Hall, of brick, is a neat edifice, 100 feet by 50. 
The lower story is a market, and the second 
contains a spacious hall, in which the courts are 
held. It contains 8 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 
Episcopal, 1 Methodist, 1 Baptist, 1 German Lu- 
theran, 2 for colored people, supplied by clergy- 
men of different denominations, and 2 Roman 
Catholic. Some of these churches are large and 
splendid buildings. Tlie Bank of Michigan is a 
fine stone edifice, of Grecian architecture, 56 by 
40 feet. There are 3 other banks, and the whole 
capital of the banks is $2,250,000. There are a 
U. S. land office, 3 markets, a theatre, a muse- 
um, a public garden, state penitentiary, govern- 
ment magazine, and mechanics' hall. There 
are various charitable and benevolent institu- 
tions. The Protestants and the Roman Catholics 
have each an orphan asylum. The ladies' free 
school society educate 200 indigent children. 
There are several literary and scientific societies. 
There are 3 female institutes of a high order, and 
several equally respectable schools for boys, 
besides 12 public schools, attended by about 500 
children. 

Detroit is admirably situated for trade, and is 
becoming a great commercial emporium. The 
navigation of the river and lake are open about 8 
months in the year. The arrivals of vessels and 
steamboats at this place are about 300 annually, 
and the clearances are as many. The tonnage 
of the port in 1810 was 11,432 tons. The first 
steamboat arrival at this place, was in August, 
1818. Now, several of the largest class arrive 
and depart daily. The central railroad, which 
is designed to extend across the peninsula, is fin- 
ished 44 ms. from Detroit to Ann Arbor. Detroit 
was incorporated as a city in 1815. It has seve- 
ral times suffered severely by fires. There were 
in 1840, 1 1 commission houses in for. trade, cap. 
$123,000 ; 1 13 retail stores, cap. $412,760 ; 4 lum- 
ber yards, cap. $31,500 ; 3 furnaces, 1 tannery, 2 
breweries,l pottery, 3 printing offices, 2 binderies,3 
daily and 4 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. 
$172,375. 



DEX 



177 



DTL 



Detroit, river, N. America, forms the bound- 
ary between Canada and the United States, and 
extends from Lake St. Clair, 28 ms., to Lake Erie. 
Opposite to Detroit, it is three fourths of a mile 
wide, and increases in width as it descends. It 
is navigable for vessels of any burden. Near its 
mouth are several islands, the largest of which 
are Grosse and Fighting islands. The principal 
channel is on the eastern side, between Boisblanc 
Island and the Canada shore ; the western chan- 
nel is wider, but iuU of small islands. Back from 
the r. the land descends into low grounds, and the 
settlements are only one farm deep on the banks 
of the r. The settlements appear like a contin- 
ued village on the British shore, and also on the 
American shore for many miles above and below 
Detroit, and the houses are surrounded with fruit 
trees, presenting a delightful spectacle in passing 
through the strait. 

1)etroit, p-o., Somerset co., Me. 

Devereaux, p-o., Herkimer co., N. Y. 

Devereaux's Store, p-o., Hancock co., Ga., 
15 N. E. Milledgeville, 563 W. 

De Witt, p-t., Onondaga co., N. Y., 126 w. by 
N. Albany, 351 W. The surface is moderately 
luieven, and the t. contains inexhaustible quanti- 
ties of water lime, which is extensively exported. 
It has 7 stores, cap. $18,450 ; 2 tanneries, 3 flour- 
ing m., 3 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$38,175. 1 acad. 32 students, 19 sch. 808 schol- 
ars. Pop. 2,802. 

De Witt, p-v., and capital of Clinton county, 
Mich., 96 N. w. by w. Detroit, 5'J9 W. 

De Witt, p-v., Carroll co., Mo. Situated on the 
N. side of Missouri r., 8 ms. above the mouth of 
Grand r., and contains 200 inhabitants. 

De Witt's Valley, p-v., Burns t., Alleghany 
CO., N. Y., 248 w. by s. Albany, 326 W. It con- 
tains 1 store, 1 tannery, 25 dwellings, and about 
150 inhabitants. 

De Wittsville, p-o., Chautauque t., Chau- 
tauque co., N. Y., 318 w. by s. Albany, 335 W. 

Dexter, p-t., Penobscot co.. Me., 71 N. n. e. 
Augusta, 666 W. The soil is fertile, and produ- 
ces good wheat. It occupies the height of land 
between Penobscot and Kennebec rivers, to both 
of wliich its waters flow. A large pond, cover- 
ing 500 acres, furnishes, by its outlet, good mill 
seats, where the v. is situated. It has 7 stores, 
cap. $13,700 ; 5 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 2 tan- 
neries, 3 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$49,506. 10 sch. 306 scholars. Pop. 1,464. 

Dexter, p-v., Brownville t., Jefferson co., N. 
Y. It is situated on the n. side of Black r., at its 
mouth, where is extensive water power, and an 
uninterrupted navigation to Lake Ontario. The 
United States are constructing piers for tlie im- 
provement of the harbor. It has several vessels 
which ply regularly between this place and Os- 
wego, and other places on the lake. It is of re- 
cent growth, and contains 1 Episcopal church, 3 
stores, and an extensive warehouse and wharf 
It has 1 large woollen fac, 1 clothier's works, 1 
flouring m., 4 double saw m., 1 planing machine, 
1 oil m., 1 plaster m., 1 iron foundry, 1 axe fac, 
and other mechanic establishments. 

Dexter, p-v., Scio t., Washtenaw co., Mich., 
52 w. Detroit, 533 W. It has an elevated and 
pleasant location on Mill cr., at its entrance into 
Huron r. It has 7 stores, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m., 
and 1 tannery. The water power here is very 
extensive. The railroad from Detroit to St. Jo- 
seph will pass through the place. 

Dexterville, v., Ellicott town, Chautauque 
county, N. y. Situated on the n. side of the 
outlet of Chautauque lake, possesses great wa- 
ter power, and furnishes 2,000,000 feet of pine 
23 



boards annually, besides lath and shingles, and 
has some other manufactures. It is of recent ori- 
gin, but promising. 

Diamond Grove, p-v., Brunswick co., Va., 80 
s. s. w. Richmond, 196 W. 

Diamond Grove, p-o., Iowa co.. Wis., 57 w. 
Madison, 889 W. 

Diamond Hill, p-o., Anson co., N. C, 154 s. 
w. Raleigh, 423 W. 

Diana, t.. Levels co., N. Y., 154 n. w. Albany. 
The surface is hilly, and the soil sandy and gra- 
velly loam, well adapted to grazing. Drained by 
Oswegatchie and Indian rivers. It has 1 store, 
cap. $2,000 ; 1 furnace, 4 saw m., 10 sch. 294 
scholars. Pop. 883. 

Diana IVIills, Buckingham co., Va., 75 w. 
Richmond, 149 W. It contains 2 stores, 2 mills, 
and a number of dwellings. 

Dickinson, p-t., Franklin co., N. Y., 222 n. n. 
w. Albany, 15 s. w. Malone, 523 W. It is a large 
town, 40 ms. long, settled to the n., but a wilder- 
ness toward the s., abounding with lakes, and has 
a heavy growth of timber. Drained by branches 
of Racket and St. Regis rivers. The soil is va- 
rious. There is a small v. at the post-oflice. It 
has 2 saw m., 7 sch. 342 scholars. Pop. 1,005. 

Dickinson, p-t., Cumberland co.. Pa., 24 s. w. 
Harrisburg, 111 W. Drained by Yellow Breech- 
es cr. The surface is hilly ; soil, calcareous loam. 
Iron ore abounds. It has 2 stores, cap. $4,300 ; 
2 furnaces, 2 forges, 1 fulling in., 1 woollen fac, 
1 tannery, 1 distillery, 5 flouring m., 2 grist m., 11 
saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $35,175. 10 sch. 350 
scholars. Pop. 2,701. 

Dickinson, p-v., Franklin co., Va., 170 w. s. 
w. Richmond, 245 W. 

Dickinson's Store, p-o., Bedford co., Va., 
149 w. by s. Richmond, 221 W. 

Dickinson VI LLE, p-v., Russell co., Va., 342 w. 
by s. Richmond, 401 W. 

Dickson, county, Tenn. Situated toward the 
N. w. part of the state, and contains 100 sq. ms. 
It has Cumberland r. on its n. e. border. It is on 
the height of land between Cumberland and Ten- 
nessee rivers, its waters flowing into both. The 
surface is an elevated table land, and the soil 
moderately good. Capital, Charlotte. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 7,445, sheep 6,370, swine 
26,570 ; wheat 26,560 bush, produced, rye 1,931, 
Ind. corn 336,161, oats 74,861, potatoes 6,373, to- 
bacco 43,540 pounds, cotton 13,036, sugar 4,961 ; 
10 stores, cap. $72,300 ; 5 tan., 3 dist., 12 grist m., 
4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $15,047. 13 sch. 
414 scholars. Pop. 1830, 7,265 ; 1840, whites 
5,370, slaves 1,687, free col'd 17 ; total, 7,074. 

Dickson's Mills, p-o., Parke co., la., 62 w. 
Indianapolis, 627 W. 

DicKSBURG, p-v., Knox CO., la., 130 s. w. In- 
dianapolis, 700 W. 

DiGHTON, p-t., and port of entry, Bristol co., 
Mass., 41 s. Boston, 421 W. Situated on the vv. 
side of Taunton r., which is navigable to this 
place for small vessels. It has some shipping, 
and considerable manufactures, and some vessels 
are built. On the opposite bank of the r. is the 
" Dighton Rock," celebrated for an ancient in- 
scription, which has never been satisfactorily ex- 
plained. It has 9 stores, cap. $5,250 ; 1 fulling 
m., 1 woollen fac, 2 cotton fac. 3,416 sp., 2 grist 
m., Isawm. Cap. in manufac $129,199. 7 sch. 
421 scholars. Pop. 1,378. 

Dill's Bottom, p-o., Mead t., Belmont co., 
O., 142 E. Columbus, 269 W. 

Dillon's, p-o., Tazewell co., HI., 53 N.Spring- 
field, 775 W. Here is a large settlement. 

Dillon's Run, p-o., Hampshire co., Va., 171 
N. N. w. Richmond, 99 W. 



DIX 



178 



DOE 



DiLLONSViLLE, p-v., Mecklenburg co., N. C, 
196 a. w. by w. Raleigli, 433 W. 

DiLLSBORo', p-v., Dearborn co., la., 85 s. e. 
Indianapolis, 533 W. 

DiLLSBURG, p-v., Carroll t., York co.. Pa., 13 
s. s. w. Harrisburg, 97 W. 

Dill's Ferry, p-o., Northampton co., Pa., 125 
E. N. E. Harrisburg, 218 W. The ferry crosses 
the Delaware in Upper Mount Bethel t., 18 ms. 
above Easton. 

DiLWORTHTOWN, p-v., Birmingham t., Chester 
CO., Pa., 78 E. s. E. Harrisburg, 116 W. It con- 
tains about 20 dwellings. 

Dimock's, p-t., Susquehanna co.. Pa., 177 n. 
N. E. Harrisburg, 278 W. It has 1 store, cap. 
$3,500 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $9,145. 8 sch. 240 scholars. Pop. 998. 

Dimocksville, p-v., Susquehaima co.. Pa., 176 
N. N. E. Harrisburg, 279 W. 

DiNGMAN, t., Pilie CO., Pa. Post-office called 
Dingman's FerrJ^ 154 n. e. by e. Harrisburg, 248 
W. It has an academy, endowed by the state 
with $1,000 ; 3 sch. 70 scliolars. Pop. 447. 

DiNSMORE, p-t., Shelby co., O., 103 w. n. w. 
Columbus, 494 W. It has 2 schools, 41 scholars. 
Pop. 500. 

District, t., Berks co.. Pa. The surface is 
hilly ; soil, gravelly and indifferent. Watered by 
Pme cr. It has 1 store, cap. $3,500; 1 forge, 3 
distilleries, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Pop. 583. 

DiNwiDDiE, county, Va. Situated toward the 
s. E. part of the state, and contains 616 sq. ms. 
Drained by Appomattox r., and branches of Not- 
taway r. The sui'face is gently rolling. Capital, 
Dinwiddle C. H. There were in 1840, neat cat- 
tle 9,730, sheep 7,611, swine 20,051 ; wheat 36,883 
bush, produced, Ind. com 284,461, oats 137,210, 
potatoes 17,711, tobacco 2,219,109 pounds, cotton 
72,610 ; 6 commercial and 8 commission houses, 
cap. $875,000; 128 stores, cap. $1,046,355; 2 
lumber yards, cap. $6,000 ; 1 furnace, 6 forges, 1 
woollen fac, 2 cotton fac. 7,520 sp., 1 tannery, 1 
pottery, 12 flouring m., 38 grist m., 8 saw m., 2 
prmtmg offices, 3 binderies, 1 semi-weekly news- 
paper. Cap. in manufac. $781,435. 18acad.615 
students, 14 sch. 279 scholars. Pop. 1830, 21,901 ; 
1840, whites 9,847, slaves 9,947, free col'd 2,764 ; 
total, 22,558. 

DiNwiDDiE, C. H., capital of Dinwiddle co., 
Va., 37 s. by w. Richmond, 156 W. Situated on 
Stony creek. 

Dismal Swamp, Va. and N. C, commences a 
little s. of Norfolk, Va., and extends into N. C. 
It is a marshy tract, covering 150,000 acres, and 
is 30 ms. long, from n. to s., and 10 wide. It is 
mostly covered with a heavy growth of trees, 
vvith underbrush so thick as to be almost imper- 
vious. In the midst of the swamp, toward its w. 
side, is Lake Druimuond, 15 mUes in circumfer- 
ence. Through tliis swamp passes the Dismal 
Swamp canal, which connects Deep Creek, a tri- 
butary of Chesapeake bay, to a branch of Pas- 
quotank r., which enters Albemarle sound. It is 
23 ms. long, 6i feet deep, 46 wide at top, and at 
intervals of a quarter of a mile, 60 feet, for turn- 
out stations. It is fed from Lake Drummond, by 
a navigable side-cut, 5 ms. in length. 

Dividing Creek, p-v., Downe t.,CumbeHand 
CO., N. J., 81 Trenton, 193 \V. Situated on a 
creek of the same name, which (lows into Mau- 
rice creek cove, in Delaware bay, and which is 
navigable to the v. It contains 1 store, a grist ra., 
and about 30 dwellings. 

Dix, p-o., Jefferson co., N. Y., 186 n. w Alba- 
ny, 438 W. 

Dix, t., Chemimg co., N. Y., 16 n. Elmira, 185 
w. s. w. Albany. The surface is hilly, and the 



soil gravelly loam. Drained by Catharine's cr. 
It has 4 stores, cap. $9,800 ; 1 lumber yard, cap. 
$3,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 
5 grist m., 12 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly 
newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $29,750. 12 sch. 
603 scholars. Pop. 1,990. 

DixBOROUGii, p-v., Superior t., Washtenaw co., 
Mich., 36 w. Detroit, 532 W. It contains 2 stores, 
1 saw m., and 1 flouring m., and is surrounded by 
a fertile country. 

DixFiELD, p-t., Oxford CO., Me., 37 n. n. w. 
Augusta, 609 W. Situated on the n. bank of 
Androscoggin r. Incorporated in 1803. It has a 
productive soil, adapted to the growth of wheat ; 
3 stores, cap. $2,500 ; 4 grist m. 5 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $4,950. 9 sch. 255 scholars. Pop. 
1,169. 

Dix Hills, p-o., Huntmgton t., Suffolk co., N. 
Y., 183 s. by e. Albany, 263 W. 

DixMONT, p-t., Penobsc-ot co.. Me., 43 n. e. 
Augusta, 638 W. Incorporated in 1807. It has 
an undulating surface, and a fertile soil, and oc- 
cupies the height of land between Penobscot and 
Kennebec rivers. Its streams afford some water 
povver. It has 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries. Cap. in 
manufac. $8,667. 12 schools, 626 scholars. Pop. 
1,498. 

Dixon, p-o.. Neshoba co., Miss., 73 e. n. e. 
Jackson, 943 W. 

Dixon, t., Preble co., O. Situated on the line 
of the state of Indiana. Organized in 1812. It 
has a good soil, and is well watered and cultiva- 
ted. It contains 2 stores, 3 flouring m., and 6 
saw m. Pop. 1,290. 

Dixon, p-v., capital of Ogle co., 111., 161 n. 
Springfield, 824 W. Situated on the s. E. side 
of Rock r. It contains a court house, a U. S. 
land-office, 1 store, and a few dwellings. 

Dixon's Springs, p-o.. Smith co., Tenn., 51 e. 
Nashville, 642 W. 

DixoNviLLE, p-v.. Cole CO., Mo., 8 Jefferson 
city, 944 W. 

Dix's, p-o.. Bracken co., Ky., 82 n. e. Frank- 
fort, 500 W. 

DixviLLE, t., Coos CO., N. H. Pop. 4. 

DixviLLE, p-v., Henry co., Va., 200 s. w. by 
w. Richmond, 277 W. 

Doake's Stand, p-o., Madison co., Miss., 36 
N. E. Jackson, 974 W. 

Doansborough, po., Southeast t., Putnam 
county, N. Y. 

Dobb's Ferry, p-v., Greenburg t., Westches- 
ter CO., N. Y., 126 s. Albany, 248 W. It has a 
steamboat landing, 2 churches, 1 store, and 30 
dwellings. 

Dockey's Store, p-o., Richmond co., N. C, 
129 s. w. Raleigh, 403 W. 

DocoN, t., Linn co.. Mo. Pop. 51. 

Dodge, county. Wis. ter., situated n. e. of the 
centre, and contains 756 sq. ms. It has some 
prairie, and considerable swampy land. Drained 
by Rock and Beaverdam rivers, and Rubicon cr. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 150, swine 105 ; 
Ind. corn 2,000 bushels produced, oats 2,100, po- 
tatoes 2,425. Pop. 67. 

DoDGEviLLE, p-v., lowa CO., Wis. ter., 44 w. 
Madison, 891 W. 

Dodgingtown, p-o., Fairfield co., Ct., 66 s. w. 
Hartford, 297 W. 

DoDSON, t., Highland co., O. It has 3 sch. 136 
scholars. Pop. 795. 

Dodsonville. p-v., Marsliall co., Ala., 145 n. 
E. Tuscaloosa, 68H W. 

Doe Hill, p-o., Pendleton co., Va., 160 n. w 
Richmond, 187 W. 

Doe River, p-o., Carter co., Tenn., 319 e. 
Nashville, 432 W. 



DOR 



179 



DOU 



Doe Run, p-o., Chester co., Pa., 70 e. s. e. 
Hamsburg, 114 W. 

Dogwood, p-o., Walker co., Ga., 203 N. w. 
Milledgeville, 613 W. 

Doi.ixGTON, p-v., Buck.s CO., Pa., 119 e. Har- 
risburg, 163 W. It has a church and 10 or 12 
dwellings. 

DoLSENTOWN, p-v., Minisink t., Orange co., N. 
Y., 100 s. by w. Albany, 273 W. It contains a 
church, 2 stores, 1 distillery, 20 dwellings, and 
about 100 inhabitants. 

DoN.vLDsoNviLLE, p-v., AscensioH par.. La., 
73 w. by N. New Orleans, 1,245 W. Situated on 
the s. side of Mississippi r., just below the outlet 
of La Fourche. It was formerly the capital of 
the state, and has a court house, jail, an arsenal, 
market house, a Roman Catholic church, a col- 
lege, 1 male and 2 female academies, a LI. S. 
surveyor-general"s oflice, and about 1,000 in- 
habitants. 

Donegal, t., Butler county. Pa., 9 n. e. Butler. 
The surface is rolling or hilly ; soil, clay, sand, 
and gravel. Drained by Bear cr., a branch of 
Buffalo cr., and tributaries of Conequenessing cr. 
Iron ore and stone coal are abundant. It has 2 
stores, cap. $4,390; 1 tannery, 2 distilleries, 5 
grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $12,510. 
9 seh. 400 scbolars. Pop. 1,615. 

Donegal, t., Washington co.. Pa., 9 n. e. But- 
ler. The surface is hilly ; soil, loam. Coal is 
abundant. Drained by the Dutch fork of Buffalo 
cr., Bush run, and Castleman's run. The nation- 
al road runs through it. It has 3 stores, cap. 
$70,000; 1 distillery. Cap. in manufac. $950. 1 
acad. 22 students, 11 sch. 330 scholars. Pop. 1,747. 

Donegal, p-o., Westmoreland co.. Pa., 160 w. 
Ilarrisburg, 186 W. The surface consists of hills 
and valleys ; soil, calcareous loam. Dramed 
by Four Mile and Two Mile run. Jacob's and 
Indian creeks afford water power. It has 2 tan- 
neries, 1 distillery, 2 flouring m., 2 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $8,300. 10 sch. 396 scholars. Pop. 
2,261. 

Donnell's, p-o., Allen co., O., 93 n. n. w. 
Columbus, 483 W. 

Donnellsville, p-o., Clarke co., O., 51 w. 
by s. Columbus, 444 W. 

Dooley, county, Ga., situated centrally toward 
tlie s. part of the state, and contains about 1,600 
sq. ms. It occupies the height of land between 
Ocmulgee and Flint rivers, and is drained by 
tributaries of both. Capital, Vienna. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 19,854, sheep 1,950, 
swine 10,209 ; wheat 7,064 bushels produced, 
Indian corn 106,472, potatoes 8,405, cotton 
2,576,795 pounds; 6 stores, cup. $465,000; 13 
grist m., 5 saw m., 1 acad. 45 students, 3 sch. 
45 scholars. Pop. 1830, 2,135; 1840, whites 
3,234, slaves 1,185, free col'dS ; total, 4,427. 

Door Village, p-o.. La Porte co., la., 149 n. 
by w. Indianapolis, 664 W. 

Dorchester, p-t., Norfolk co., 31ass., 4 s. Bos- 
ton, 43S W. It lies on Dorchester bay, in Bos- 
ton harbor. First settled in 1631). The surface 
is uneven and rough ; but the soil is fertile, and 
highly cultivated. Neponset river runs on its 
s. border, and furnishes water power, and i'acili- 
ties for navigation. The vessels owned here are 
employed chiefly in the whale and cod fi.sheries. 
It has also considerable manufactures. In a part 
■of this t., now belonging to Boston, are Dorches- 
ter Heights, on which Washington, in 3Iarch, 
1776, directed a fort to be erected, by which the 
British were driven from Boston harbor. The 
first settlers of the Connecticut colony, at Wind- 
sor and Hartford, 100 in number, came from Dor- 
chester, through the wilderness, in 1636. It has 



10 commercial and commission houses in foreign 
trade, cap. $326,000 ; 57 stores, cap, $609,200 ; 3 
lumber yards, cap. $17,000 ; 2 cotton fac. 4,000 sp., 
1 dyeing and print, estab., 7 tanneries, 1 pottery, 1 
rope fac, 2 grist m., 1 saw m., 4 paper fac, 2 print- 
ing offices, 1 weekly newspaper, 1 acad. 119 stu- 
dents, 22 sch. 1,247 scholars. Pop. 4,875. 

DoRCHE-STER, p-t., Grafton co., N. H., 48 n. w. 
Concord, 504 W. It occupies the height of land 
between Connecticut and Merrimac rivers, to 
both of wliich its streams flow. It is uneven and 
rocky, with fertile valleys. It has 1 store, cap. 
$8,000; 1 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$8,097. 9 sch. 217 scholars. Pop. 769. 

Dorchester, county, Md., situated toward the 
s. E. part of the state, and contains 640 sq. ms. 
Surface, level ; soil, fertile. It has Choptank r. 
on the n. and n. w., and Chesapeake bay and 
Nanticoke river on the s. and s. e. Drained by 
branches of these waters. Capital, Cambridge. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 14,855, sheep 
13,575, swine 24,776 ; wheat 87,378 bushels pro- 
duced, rye 6,761, Ind. corn 476,781, oats 61,812, 
potatoes 25,373, silk cocoons 544 pounds, tobacco 
1,700, cotton 720 ; 69 stores, cap. $79,695 ; 2 tan- 
neries, 29 grist m., 13 saw m., 2 printing oflSces, 

1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $85,129. 

2 acad. 106 students, 26 sch. 579 scholars. Pop. 
1830, 18,686 ; 1840, whites 10,629, slaves 4,227, 
free col'd 3,987 , total, 18,843. 

Dorset, p-t., Bennington co., Vt., 95 s. s. w. 
Montpelier, 435 W. Organized in 1769. Drained 
by Pawlet, Battenkill, and the head branches of 
Otter cr., which afford water power. The sur- 
face is uneven, and the soil fertile. There is a 
noted cave in the s. part of the town. It has 4 
stores, cap. $12,650 ; 2 furnaces, 1 tannery, 1 
grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $36,365. 
12 sch. 431 scholars. Pop. 1,426. 

Doty's Corners, p-o., Dansville t., Steuben 
CO., N. Y., 245 w. Albany, 326 W. 

Double Branches, p-o., Anderson dist., S. C, 
128 w. N. w. Columbia, 523 W. 

Double Branches, p-o., Lincoln co., Ga., 108 
N. e. Milledgeville, 576 W. 

Double Bridges, p-o., Lunenburg co., Va., 
85 s. w. Richmond, 193 W. 

Double Cabins, p-o., Henry co., Ga., 76 w. 
N. w. Milledgeville, 680 W. 

Double Pike Creek, p-o., Carroll co., Md., 
82 N. w. Annapolis, 65 W. 

Double Springs, p-o., Cherokee co., Ala., 
123 N. E. Tuscaloosa, 716 W. Situated on the w. 
bank of Coosa river. 

Double Springs, p-o., Oktibbeha co.. Miss., 
128 N. E. Jackson, 917 W. 

Double Walnut, po., Jackson co.. Term., 
75 E. Nashville, 619 W. 

Double Wells, po., Warren co., Ga., 58 e. 
N. E. Milledgeville, 632 W. 

Douglass, p-t., Worcester co., Mass., 43 s. w. 
Boston, 396 W. Incorporated in 1731. Drained 
by 3Iumford r., a branch of Blackstone r., which 
affords good water power. It has fertile mea- 
dows, and is well cultivated. Some iron ore is 
found, and there are considerable manufactures 
of cotton goods, boots, shoes, leather, axes, &c. 
It has 4 stores, cap. $7,500 ; 2 cotton fac 400 sp., 
1 tannery, 2 grist m., 7 saw m. (Jap. in manu- 
fac. $130,400. 1 acad. 35 students, 9 sch. 481 
scholars. Pop. 1,617. 

Douglass, t., Berks co.. Pa. The surface is 
undulating ; soil, gravel, and moderately fertile. 
Watered by Manatawny cr., vviiich affords water 
power. It has 2 stores, cap. $3,500 ; 1 furnace, 
1 forge, 1 fulling m., 4 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 oil m^ 
Cap. in manufac. $650. Pop. 1,133. 



DOV 



180 



DOV 



Douglass, t., Montgomery county, Pa. Sur- 
face, hilly ; soil, red stale. Watered by Perkio- 
men and Swamp crs., which afford water power 
It has 3 stores, cap. $14,500 ; 1 paper fac, 3 grist 
m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,150. I sch. 
40 scholars. Pop. 1,090. 

DouGLASsviLLE, p-v., Douglass t., Berks co., 
Pa., 64 E. Harrisburg, 157 W. 

DouTHET, p-o., Anderson dist., S. C, 126 w. 
N. w. Columbia, 522 W. 

Dover, p-t., capital of Piscatiquis co.. Me., 83 
N. N. E. Augusta, 680 W. Situated on the s. side 
of Piscatiquis r. Incorporated in 1822. The 
soil is fertile, producing good wheat. The v. is 
beautifully located. It has 2 printing offices, 2 
■weekly newspapers, 5 grist m., 8 saw m., 1 oil m. 
Cap. in manufac. $9,000. 12 sch. 733 scholars. 
Pop. 1,597. 

Dover, p-t., Strafford co., N. H., 39 e. Concord, 
495 W. 

Dover, p-t., and capital of Strafford co., N. H., 
is situated on the w. side of Piscataqua r., in 43° 
13' N. lat. 70° 54' w. Ion., 12 n. w. by n. Ports- 
mouth, 39 E. Concord, 50 s. w. Portland, 60 n. 
Boston, 495 W. Pop. 1820, 2,871 ; 1830, 5,449 ; 
1840, 6,458. It is watered by Cocheco and Black 
rivers, tributaries of the Piscataqua. It is the 
oldest town in the state, the first settlement hav- 
ing been made in 1623, on a beautiful peninsula, 
between Black and Piscataqua rivers, for the 
purposes of fishing. The beautiful village of 
Dover is built around the lower falls of Coche- 
co, where the water descends suddenly 32i feet, 
producing a water power unsurpassed in New 
England. The water is abundant, and the river 
never rises so as to endanger the buildings on it. 
These falls are at the head of tide water, 12 miles 
from the ocean, admitting gondolas quite to the 
mills, and sloops within a quarter of a mile. It 
has a court house, jail, a bank, several churches, 
and extensive manufactures. It is one of the 
most flourishing towns in the state, and consider- 
able shipping is owned here. There were in 
1840, 60 stores, cap. $248,581 ; 1 fulling m., 1 
woollen fac, cap. $20,000 ; 4 cotton fac. 28,666 
sp., 1 dyemg and printing establishment, with a 
cap. of $1,056,000 ; 3 furnaces, 2 tanneries, 1 dis- 
tillery, cap. $10,888 ; 4 grist m., 3 saw m., 3 print- 
ing offices, 3 weekly newspapers, and 1 periodi- 
cal. Total cap. in manufac. $1,166,644. 3 acad. 
93 students, 27 sch. 1,193 scholars. 

Dover, p-t., Windham co., Vt., 126 s. Mont- 
pelier, 437 W. Organized from Wardsborough 
in 18 10. Drained by branches of West and 
Deerfield rivers, which afford water power. The 
surface is uneven, and tlie soil adapted to graz- 
ing. It lies on the E. border of the Green moun- 
tain range. It has 2 stores, cap. $7,000 ; 2 grist 
m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,300. 9 sch. 
245 scholars. Pop. 729. 

Dover, p-t., Norfolk co., Mass., 15 s. s. w. 
Boston, 5 w. Dedham, 430 W. Organized from 
Dedham in 1784. The surface is uneven, and 
contams much woodland. Charles r. runs on 
Its N. border. It has 1 store, 1 saw m. Cap in 
manufac. $10,700. 3 sch. 117 scholars Pod 
520. ^' 

Dover, p-t Dutchess co., N. Y.,74 s. by e. Al- 
bany, 20 K. Poughkeepsie, 313 W. The surface 
is m part mountainous. A branch of Ten Mile 
CTCck, a tributary of the Housatonic river runs 
through Its centre, along which is a fine valley 
The soil IS a sandy and gravelly loam, which is 
fertile and well cultivated. Wliite and colored 
rnarble is extensively found, and some iron ore 
The village is on a beautiful plain, and contains 
1 Baptist and J free churcli, an academy 2 



stores, 1 grist m., 1 tannery, 30 dwellings, and 
about 175 inhabitants. There are in the t., 8 
stores, cap. $19,000; 1 furnace, 3 fulling m., 2 
tanneries, 2 flouring m., 4 grist m., 7 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $19,200. 4 sch. 136 scholars. 
Pop. 2,000. 

Dover, p-v., Randolph t., Morris co., N. J., 63 
N. Trenton, 234 W. Situated on both sides of 
Rockaway river, and connected by bridges. It 
contains 3 large rolling and slitting mills, an iron 
foundry, a furnace, a saw m., a machine fac, a 
bank, a church, and over 30 dwellings. The 
Morris canal descends into the valley on which 
it stands, by an inclined plane and 4 locks. Iron 
ore is found in the immediate vicinity. 

Dover, t., Monmouth co., N. J., 24 s. Freehold. 
The surface is generally level ; soil, sand or light 
gravel, covered with pine forest. Drained by 
Tom's r. and branches of Cedar cr. ; Forked r. 
and branches of Rancocus cr., which aflbrd wa- 
ter power. It has 20 stores, cap. $45,500 ; 2 fur- 
naces, 2 forges, 4 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $1,900. 10 sch. 824 scholars. Pop. 2,752. 

Dover, p-t., York co.. Pa., 30 s. Harrisburg, 
97 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, red shale. It 
has 3 stores, cap. $9,500; 1 tannery, 5 distilleries, 
5 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $18,200. 
4 sch. 146 scholars. Pop. 1,930. 

Dover, t., Athens co., O. It has 6 stores, cap. 
$13,500; and an incorporated library company. 
1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $900. 
4 sch. 179 scholars. Pop. 1,297. 

Dover, p-b., in Dover hundred. Capital of 
Kent CO., Del., and of the state, 50 s. Wilming- 
ton, 120 W. It is situated on high ground, be- 
tween the 2 principal branches of Jones's cr., 10 
miles from its entrance into Delaware bay. It is 
regularly laid out with wide streets, at right an- 
gles with each other ; and the houses, which are 
chiefly of brick, are generally neat and hand- 
some. The state house stands on the e. side of 
a large public square, and is an elegant build- 
ing ; and the other public buildings are built 
around the same square. It contains 3 churches 
— 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Methodist — 
a bank, an academy, 6 stores, 90 dwellings, and 
about 600 inhabitants. It has a splendid monu- 
ment, erected to the memory of Col. John Has- 
lett, who fell in the battle of Princeton. Its trade 
is chiefly in flour, with Philadelphia. There are 
in the h., 9 stores, cap. $25,100 ; 1 printing oflSce, 
1 periodical paper, 3 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in 
manufivc $16,200. 9 sch. 543 scholars. Pop. 3,790. 

Dover, p-t., Cuyahoga co., O., 127 n. e. Co- 
lumbus, 13 w. Cleveland, 372 W. Situated on 
the s. shore of Lake Erie. It has 3 tanneries. 
Cap. in manufac. $900. 8 sch. 314 scholars. 
Pop. 966. 

Dover, t.. Union co., O. It has 3 sch. 52 
scholars. Pop. 446. 

Dover, p-v., capital of Stewart co., Tenn., 75 
w. N. w. Nashville, 755 W. It is situated on the 
s. side of Cumberland r. It contains a court 
house, and other county buildmgs. 

Dover, t., Lafayette co., Mo. Pop. 1,217. 

Dover, p-v.. Mason county, Ky., 79 e. n. e. 
Frankfort, 471 W. 

Dover, t., Lenawee co., Mich. It has 2 saw 
m., 10 sch. 340 scholars. Pop. 841. 

Dover, p-v.. Bureau co., 111., 130 n. Spring- 
field, 813 W. 

Dover, p-v., Lafayette co.. Mo., 121 w. Jef- 
ferson city, 1,035 W. Situated on the s. side of 
Missouri r. Pop. 1,217. 

Dover, p-v., capital of Pope co., Ark., 87 n. w. 
Little Rock, 1,152 W. Situated on the e. side 
of lUmois or., a branch of Arkam^as r. 



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181 



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Dover, p-v., Russel co., Ala., 194 e. s. e. Tus- 
caloosa, 767 W. 

Dover, t., Tuscarawas co., Ohio. The village 
is situaled on the w. side of the Ohio canal, 93 s. 
Cleveland by the canal. It is regularly laid out, 
with streets crossing each other at right angles, 
on the margin of Tuscarawas r., across which and 
the canal is a bridge 346 feet long. It has 2 
churches, and about 100 dwellings. The t. has 10 
stores, cap. $32,300 ; 6 com. houses, cap. $20,500 ; 
2 tanneries, 1 diistillery, 1 brewery, 1 flouring m., 
5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,550 ; 10 sch. 897 
scholars. Pop. 2,247. 

Dover Mills, p-o., Goochland co., Va., 20 w. 
N. w. Richmond, 137 W. 

DowELLTOWN, p-v., Surry co., N. C, 151 w. 
N. w. Raleigh, 357 W. 

DowNE, t., Cumberland county, N. J., 14 s. E. 
Bridgeton. It has Maurice r. on its e. border, 
and Delaware bay on the s. The surface is level 
and marshy on the bay and 3Iaurice r. Water- 
ed by Dividing cr., and other small crs. It has 
several post-villages. It has 4 stores, cap. $9,000 ; 
7 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $20,850. 
7 sch. 250 scholars. Pop. 1,920. 

Downer's Grove, p-o., Dupage co., 111., 184 
N. Springfield, 73J W. 

DowNiNGSviLLE, p-o., Logan co., O. 

DowNiNGTOWN, p-v., Chester co.. Pa., 67 e. s. 
K. Harrisburg, 124 W. Situated on the vv. bank 
of the E. branch of Brandy wine cr. It contains 
about 50 dwellings, mostly of stone, several 
stores, and a number of mills and factories. 12 
ms. below this place, on the banks of this creek, 
the sanguinary battle of Brandywine was fought, 
on Sept. 11th, 1777. The country around this 
place is fertile and well cultivated. 

DowNiNGTON, p-o., Scipio t., Meigs co., Ohio, 
83 s. E. Columbus, 350 W. 

DoYLESTOWN, p-b.. Capital of Bucks co.. Pa., 
100 E. Harrisburg, 162 W. It has an elevated 
and commanding situation, and contains a court 
house, jail, and county offices, 3 churches — 1 
Presbyterian, 1 Methodist, and 1 Friends — an 
academy, a female seminary ; 6 stores, cap. 
$33,000. Three English and 1 German week- 
ly newspapers are issued here. The surface of 
the t. is roiling ; soil, gravelly loam. It has, in- 
cluding the borough, 9 stores, cap. $33,800 ; 2 
tanneries, 1 brewery, 4 printing offices, 4 weekly 
newspapers, 1 flouring m., 4 grist m., 4 saw m., 1 
oil m. Cap. in manufac. $40,790. 5 acad. 106 
students, 5 sch. 109 scholars. Pop. 2,127. 

Dracut, p-t., Middlesex co., Mass., 27 n. n. 
w. Boston, 446 W. Situated on the n. side of 
Merriraac r., opposite to Lowell, with which it is 
connected by a bridge. Watered by Beaver r., 
whicli affords water power. Incorporated in 
1701. It has 6 stores, cap. $9,800 ; 2 grist m., 2 
saw m. (Jap. in manufac. $2,500. 1 acad. 126 
students, 13 schools, 679 scholars. Pop. 2,188. 
Drakestown, p-v., Morris co., N. J., 59 n. Tren- 
ton, 2J4 W. Situated on Schooley's Mountain, 
and contains a store and 12 or 15 dwellings. 

Dranesville, p-v., Fairfax co., Va., 140 n. 
Richmond, 21 W. 

Draper's, p-o., Macon co.. 111., 53 e. Spring- 
field, 73a W. 

Draper's Valley, p-o., Wythe co., Va. 232 
w. by s. Richmond, 300 W. 

Drapersville, p-o., Mecldenburg co., Va., 
120 s. w. Richmond, 233 W. 

Drayton, p-v., Dooly county, Ga., 98 s. s. 
w. Milledgeville, 755 W. Situated on Penne- 
hatchie cr., U miles from its entrance into Flint 
' ver. It contains about 15 families. 

Draw Bridge, p-o., Sussex co., Del. 



Draytonsville, p-v.. Union dist., S. C, 97 n. 
w. Columbia, 451 W. 

Dresden, p-t., Lincoln co., Me., 15 s. Augusta, 
9 N. Wiscasset, 600 W. Situated on the E. bank 
of Kennebec r. Incorporated in 1794. It is an 
agricultural t., with some trade on the r. It has 
3 tanneries, 2 gnst m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $1,900. 643 scholars in sch. Population, 
1,647. 

Dresden, pv., Grundy co.. El., 153 n. n. e. 
Springfield, 753 W. Situateil at the junction of 
Kankakee and Des Plaines rivers, on the line of 
the canal. It has a store and a number of 
dwellings. 

Dresden, p-t., Washington co., N. Y., 80 n. 
by E. Albany, 23 n. Sandy Hill, 450 W. The 
surface is hilly and mountainous. It lies be- 
tween Lakes George and Champlain. It is most- 
ly covered with forests, unfit for cultivation, and 
abounds with bears, deer, wolves, and other 
wild game. Some of its mountains are 1,200 feet 
above Lake Champlain. It has 19 sawm., 9 sch. 
153 scholars. Pop. 679. 

Dresden, p-v., Jeffisrson t., Muskingum co., 
O., 69 E. Columbus, 344 W. Situated on Waka- 
tomaka cr., near its junction with the Muskingum 
r., on a side-cut from the Ohio canal. It has a 
church, several stores and warehouses, and is 
favorably situated for business. Near the v. is 1 
flouring m., and 1 saw m. It has 1 acad. 18 stu- 
dents, 1 sch. 43 scholars. Pop. 819. 

Dresden, p-v., capital of Weakly co., Tenn., 
122 w. by N. Nashville, 808 W. Situated on one 
of the head branches of Obion r. It contains a 
court house and several dwellings. 

Dresden Mills, p-o., Lincoln co.. Me., 17 s. 
Augusta, 598 W. 

Drevversburg, p-o., Franklin co., la., 85 e. s. 
E. Indianapolis, 509 W. 

Drewrysville, p-v., Southampton co., Va., 
73 s. s. E. Richmond, 197 W. 

Drewsville, p-v., Walpole t., Cheshire co., 
N. H., 62 w. Concord, 450 W. It is pleasantly 
situated on the e. side of Connecticut r., at Bel- 
lows falls. It has considerable manufactures, 
and some trade. 

Dripping Spring, p-o., Edmondson co., Ky., 
130 s. w. Frankfort, 654 W. The springs in the 
vicinity are regarded as a curiosity. 

Dromore, t., Lancaster co.. Pa., 15 s. e. Lan- 
caster. The surface is rolling ; soil, clay. Wa- 
tered by Conewingo cr., which affords water 
power. Susquehanna r. runs on its s. w. border. 
It has 18 stores, cap. $19,700; 1 tannery, 4 flour- 
ing m., 4 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac- 
$16,500. 8 sch. 270 scholars. Pop. 2,268. 

Drowning Creek, p-o., Burke co., N. C, 182 
w. Raleigh, 419 W. 

Drury's Landing, p-o.. Rock Island co.. 111., 
171 N. N. w. Springfield, 901 W. 

Dryburg, p-o., Halifax co., Va., 129 n. Rich- 
mond, 27 W. 

Dry Creek, p-o., Lancaster dist., S. C, 71 n. 
N. E. Columbia, 466 W. 

Dry Creek, p-o., Campbell co., Ky., 79 n. n. 
E. Frankfort, 499 W. 

Dry Creek, p-o., Covington co.. Miss. 

Dryden, p-t., Tompkins co., N. Y., 153 w. by 
s. Albany, 307 W. The surface is tmdulating, 
rising into hills to the s. ; soil, a fertile gravelly 
loam. Drained by Fall cr., with its branches, 
which flow into Cayuga lake. The v. is situated 
on Virgil cr., and contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 
Methodist church, a flourishing high-school, 3 
stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 2 tanneries, 1 cloth- 
ier's works, and about 500 inhabitants. Pop. ol 
the t. 5,446. It has 5 stores, cap. $29,000 ; 2 full- 



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ing m., 3 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 1 paper fac, 1 
rope fac, 9 grist m., 40 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $80,325. 35 sch. 1,809 scholars. 

Dryden, t., Lapeer co., Mich. It has 1 acad. 
20 students, '2 sch. 57 scholars. Pop. 805. 

Dry Fork, p-o., Carter co., Ky., 152 e. Frank- 
fort, 445 W. 

Dry Forks, p-o., Ralls co., Mo., 93 n. n. e. 
Jefferson city, 920 W. 

Dry Hill, p-o., Lauderdale co., Tenn. 

Dry Pond, p-o., Lincoln co., N. C, 159 w. by 
s. Raleigh, 396 W. 

Dry Ridge, p-o., Hamilton co., O., 126 s. w. 
Columbus, 500 W. 

Dry Ridge, p-v.. Grant co., Ky., 53 n, n. e. 
Frankfort, 525 W. 

Dry Run, p-o., Franklin co.. Pa., 67 w. s. w. 
Harrisburg, 1 15 W. 

Du.^NE, p-t., Franklin co., N. Y., 15 s. Malone, 
189 N. by w. Albany, 533 W. The s. part was 
erected into a t. in 1841, by the name of Harriets- 
burg. The settlements are cliiefly in the n. part. 
The surface is uneven, and the soil a fertile 
sandy loam. Iron ore of a superior quality is 
found here, capable of producing the finest steel 
for edge tools. Watered by branches of Salmon 
r. The v. contains 1 store, a blast furnace and 
forge, 1 scythe fac, 2 saw m., and about 25 
dwellings. Pop. of the t. 324. It has 2 furnaces, 
1 forge, 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$4,500. 3 sch. 69 scholars. 

DuANESBURG, p-t., Schencctady co., N. Y., 23 
w. by N. Albany, 12 s. w. Schenectady, 393 W. 
The surface is elevated and hilly ; and the soil 
clay loam. Drained by Schoharie cr., and some 
other small branches of the Mohawk r., which 
afford water power. It has 7 stores, cap. $23,000 ; 
6 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 3 grist in., 12 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $4,350. 23 sch. 641 scholars. 
Pop. 3,357. 

Dublin, p-t., Cheshire co., N. H., 47 s. w. 
Concord, 10 e. by s. Keene, 447 W. Situated on 
the height of land between Connecticut and Mer- 
rimac rivers. Some of its streams enter the Ash- 
Tielot, a tributary of the former, and some into the 
Contoofook, a tributary of the latter. A consid- 
erable portion of Grand Monadnock mountain 
lies m this t. The soil is well adapted to graz- 
ing. A fund of $3,000 was bequeathed to the 
public schools, and of $5,000 to the Congrega- 
tional church, for the support of its pastor, by a 
clergyman. It has 2 stores, cap. $2,300 ; 5 full- 
ing m., 2 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 9 
.saw m. Cap. in manufac. $80,400. 10 sch. 383 
scholars. Pop. 1,075. 

Dublin, p-v., Bucks co.. Pa., 106 e. Harris- 
burg, 168 W. 

Dublin, t., Bedford co.. Pa., 25 e. Bedford. 
The surface is level ; soil, calcareous loam. 
Drauied by the head waters of Licking cr., and 
by Wooden Bridge and Little Augwick creeks. 
It has 3 stores, cap. $S,800 ; 1 tannery. Cap. in 
manufac. $700. Pop. 902. 

Dublin, p-v., Hartford co., Md., 68 n. Anna- 
polis, 78 W. It contains a Methodist church, 
and about 15 dweUings. 

Dublin, t., Huntmgdon Co., Pa., 21 s. e. Hun- 
tingdon b. The surface is mountainous : soil 
Clay Drained by Shade and Little Augwick 
creeks. It has 1 store, cap. $6,000 ; 1 fulling m 
3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 grist m., 5 saw m Can 
m manufac. $8,840. Pop. 653. ^' 

Dublin, p-v., Washington t., Franklin co., O 
12 N n. w. Columbus, 405 W. Situated on elel 
vated ground on the w. bank of Scioto r Organ- 
ized in 1818 It contains a store, and a number 
of mills on the r. 



Dublin, t., Mercer CO., O. It contains the vil- 
' lages of Shanesville and Milan. 

Dublin, p-v., Graves co., Ky., 285 w s. w. 
Frankfort, 812 W. 

Dublin, p-v., capital of Laurens co., Ga., 79 s. 
s. E. Milledgeville, 690 W. Situated on w. side 
of the Oconee r. It contains a court house, jail, 
an academy, a Baptist church, and about 40 
dwellmgs. 

Dublin, p-v., Wayne co., la., 50 e. Indianapo- 
lis, 521 W. Situated 2 ms. w. of White Water 
r., on the national road. 

Dubois, county, la. Situated in the s. w.part 
of the state, and contains 432 sq. ms. Organized 
in 1817. Watered by the e. fork of White r., 
which forms its n. boundary, Patoka and Hunt- 
ley's creeks. Strait r., and some others. The sur- 
face is rolling, and, in some parts, hilly, and the 
soil is good. Capital, Jasper. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 3,578, sheep 3,794, swine 11,552 ; 
wheat 11,822 bush, produced, Ind. corn 122,173, 
oats 17,33J, potatoes 7,390, sugar 6,374 pounds ; 
14 stores, cap. $27,450 ; 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 4 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,000. 1 acad. 75 
students, 2 sch. 50 scholars. Pop. 1830, 1,778 ; 
1840, 3,632. 

Dubourg, p-o., St. James par.. La., 49 w. New 
Orleans. 

Dubuque, county, Iowa. Situated in the n. e. 
partof the ter. It has the Mississippi r. on its n. e. 
border. Watered on the n. by Turkey r., on the s. 
by branches of the n. fork of Macoquetais r., 
and in the central part by Little Macoquetais 
river, and several small creeks, which flow into 
the Mississippi. Capital, Dubuque. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 2,175, sheep 36, swine 4,808 ; 
wheat 10,799 bush, produced, rye 715, Ind. corn 
16,762, buckwheat 850, oats 17,951, potatoes 
49,195; 11 smelting houses produced 500,000 
pounds lead ; 39 stores, cap. $123,300 ; 1 distil- 
lery, 2 flouring m., 1 grist m., 3 saw m., 1 print- 
ing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $6,000. 2 sch. 60 scholars. Pop. 3,059. 

Dubuque, p-v., Dubuque co., Iowa. Situated 
on the w. bank of the Mississippi r., 1,605 above 
N. Orleans, 424 above St. Louis, 324 below the 
Falls of St. Anthony, 900 W. It is built on a 
table area or terrace, which extends along the r. 
for several miles. It is regularly laid out and 
handsomely built, and is the commercial centre 
of the mineral region. It contains the surveyor- 
general's office for Wisconsin and Iowa, the land 
office for the n. district of Iowa, 4 or 5 churches, 
one of them a large stone Roman Catholic ca- 
thedral, a bank, of brick, several spacious brick 
warehouses, an academy, a lyceum, a reading 
room, a printing office, which issues a weeldy 
newspaper, about 30 wholesale and retail stores, 

12 grocery stores, several hardware, crockery, 
glass, and tin stores, and numerous mechanic 
shops, and a population of about 1,300. Lead ore 
is found in abundance within the corporate limits 
of the city, and for miles around on every side. 

Duciianynet, t., Allen co., O. Pop. 709. 

Duck Branch, p-o., Barnwell dist., S. C, 105 
s. by w. Columbia, 611 W. 

Duck Creek, p-o.. Brown co.. Wis. ter., 167 
N. n. e. Madison, 947 W. 

Duck Creek, hundred, Kent co., Del. It has 

13 stores, cap. $70,000; 5 lumber yards, cap. 
$5,200 ; 1 fulling m., 1 W'Oollen fac, 1 tannery, 2 
grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $48,200. 8 
sch. 540 scholars. Pop. 3,839. 

Dudley, p-t., Worcester co., Ms., 58 s. w. Bos- 
ton, 391 W. Watered by Quinnebaug and 
French rivers, which afford good water power, 
Incorporated in 1731. It has a pond in its s. E. 



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183 



DUN 



corner, r.early five miles long. It has 4 stores, 
cap. $10,000 ; 5 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 2 grist 
m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $131,430. 1 
acad. 125 students, 8 sch. 443 scholars. Pop. 
1,332. 

Dudley, p-t., Hardin co., O., 66 n. n. w. Co- 
lumbus, 437 W. The soil is fertile, and particu- 
larly adapted to grazing. It has 1 store, cap. 
$2,500 ; 2 sch. 35 scholars. Pop. 349. 

Dudley, p-o., Wayne co., N. C, 59 s. E. Ra- 
leigh, 289 W. 

Dudley, t., Henry co., la. It has 6 sch. 126 
scholars. Pop. 1,650. 

Dodleyville, p-v., Tallapoosa co., Ala., 152 
E. s. E. Tuscaloosa, 781 W. Situated 5 ms. s. e. 
of Tallapoosa r. 

Due West Corner, p-o., Abbeville dist., S. 
Carolina. 

Duff's Forks, p-o., Madison t., Fayette co., 
O., 36 s. w. Columbus, 417 W. It contains a 
store and Methodist church, and a few dwelHngs. 

Dugger's Ferry, p-o., Carter co., Tenn., 314 
e. by N. Na.shville, 410 W. 

Dukedom, p-o., Weakley co., Tenn., 130 w. 
Nashville, 816 W. 

Dukes, county, Ms., consists of the i.slands of 
Martha's Vineyard, Chippiquiddic, Elizabeth 
Islands, and No iMan's land, lying s. e. of Buz- 
zards bay. Rlartha's Vuieyard, the largest i.sland, 
including Chippiquiddic, is divided into 3 town- 
ships. It was first settled in 1641. Capital, Ed- 
garton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 283, 
sheep 8,160, swine 867; wheat 692 bush, pro- 
duced, rye 965, Ind. corn 7,604, oats 1,746, pota- 
toes 10,041, salt 1,3S0 ; 29 stores, cap. $31,600 ; 1 
lumber yard, cap. $4,000 ; cap. invested in fishe- 
ries, $161,250 ; 1 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 1 
tannery, 7 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $57,620. 
2 acad. 70 students, 23 sch. 1,743 scholars. Pop. 
1830, 1,768; 1840,3,958. 

Dukes, p-o., Putnam co., O., 106 n. n. w. Co- 
lumbus, 471 W. 

Dumas' Store, p-o., Richmond co., N. C, 131 
S.W.Raleigh, 405 W. 

Dumfries, p-v.. Prince William co., Va., 86 n. 
by e. Richmond, 33 W. Situated on the N. side of 
Quantico cr., a branch of the Potomac. It con- 
tains 2 churches — 1 Baptist and 1 Methodist — 1 
flouring m., 1 woollen fac, and several mechan- 
ics. The mouth of the Quantico, 25 ms. below 
Dumfries, is the best winter harbor on the Poto- 
mac, seldom obstructed by ice. 

Dummer, t., Coos CO., N. H. Situated in the 
N. part of the state. Watered by Ammonoosuc r. 
which flows uito the Connecticut r., and the An- 
droscoggin r., which flows through Maine into 
the Atlantic. Chartered in 1773. It is a remote 
and unimportant town, and has 1 grist m., and 1 
saw m., 1 sch. 22 scholars. Pop. 57. 

Dum.merston, p-t., Windham co., Vt., 115 s. 
by E. Montpelier, 428 W. The surface is hilly 
and rough, but adapted to grazing. Watered by 
West r., and some smaller streams, which aflTord 
good mill seats. Connecticut r. boimds it on the 
E This t. was one of the earUest settled in the 
state. Fort Dummer, which was within the ad- 
joining t. of Brattleboro, was founded in 1625 ; 
and tliis place is noted in early Indian warfare. 
It has 2 stores, cap. ii'(12,000 ; 5 grist m., 5 saw m., 
12 sch. 451 scholars. Pop. 1,263. 

Dumontville, p-o., Fairfield co., O., 32 s. E. 
Columbus, 380 W. 

Dunb.\r, t., Fayette co.. Pa., 8 n. e. Union. 
The surface is rolling ; soil, calcareous loam. 
Youghiogheny r. runs on its e. border, and re- 
ceives IJunbar run, which affords water power. 
It has S stores, cap. $19,560 ; 2 fulling m., 3 wool- 



len fac, 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 2 flouring m., 6 
grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $90,208. 7 
sch. 434 scholars. Pop. 2,070. 

Dunb.\rton, p-t., Merrimac co., N. H., 10 s. by 
w. Concord, 474 W. The surface is elevated, 
but not hilly ; the soil is fertile, and the water 
good. It is a fine fanning town. Chartered in 
1751. It has 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $2,300. 9 sch. 249 scholars. Pop. 950. 

Dunbarton, p-o., Meigs t., Adams co., O., 96 
s. by w. Columbus, 433 W. 

DuiNCAN, p-o., Wood CO., Va., 331 vv. n. w. 
Richmond, 299 W. 

Duncan t., Linn co.. Mo. Pop. 198. 

Duncan's Creek, p-o., Cleveland co., N. C, 
204 w. by s. Raleigh, 441 W. 

Duncan's Falls, p-o., Mu-skingum co., O., 62 
E. Columbus, 347 W. A dam across the Musk- 
ingum here aflfords great water power. 

Duncansville, p-o., Huntingdon co., Pa., 120 
w. Harrisburg, 163 W. 

Duncansville, p-v., Barnwell dist., S. C, 80 
s. s. w. Columbia, 586 W. 

Du.ncansville, p-v., Thomas co., Ga., 227 s. 
s. w. Milledgeville, 884 W. Situated 2 ms. n. of 
the Florida line. 

Duncantown, p-o., Mantua v.. White co.. III., 
172 s. E. Springfield, 785 W. 

Duncard, t., Greene CO., Pa. It has 3 stores, 
cap. $6,600 ; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tan- 
nery, 5 distilleries, 5 grist m., 6 saw m., 2 oil m. 
Cap. in manufac. $10,895. 5 sch. 120 scholars. 
Pop. 1,292. 

DuNDAFF, p-b., Susquehanna co.. Pa., 166 n. n. 
E. Harrisburg, 270 W. It contains 1 Presbyte- 
rian church, 3 stores, an academy, a glass fac, 
and 40 dwellings. The t. has 5 stores, cap. 
$12,900 ; 1 fullmg m., 1 tannery, 1 grist m. Cap. 
in manufac. $15,200. 2 sch. 70 scholars. Pop. 304. 

Du.NDEE, p-o., Kane co.. El. 

Dundee, p-t., Monroe co., Mich., 54 s. w. De- 
troit, 503 W. The v. is situated on the Raisin r., 
18 from Lake Erie. It contains 3 churches — 1 
Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist — 4 stores, 
and several mechanic shops. There are in the 
t. 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,000. 
8 sch. 165 scholars. Pop. 773. 

DuNGANNON, p-v., Hauover t., Columbiana co., 
O., 142 N. E. Columbus, 287 W. Pop. 47. 

Dunkirk, p-v., Pomfret t., Chautauque co., N. 
Y., 326 w. Albany., 348 W. Situated on Lake 
Erie. Tlie harbor has been improved, and has a 
depth of 12 feet of water over the bar. It is 
much resorted to in bad weather. The v. was 
incorporated m 1837. It contains 2 churches — 1 
Presbyterian and 1 Methodist — an academy, 10 
stores, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m. At this place the 
New York and Erie railroad is designed to ter- 
minate. Distance to New York by the railroad 470. 

Dunkley's Grove, p-o., Dupage co., 111., 218 
N. N. E. Springfield, 733 W. 

DuNLAP, p-o., Hamilton co., O., Ill s. w. by 
w. Columbus, 499 W. 

Dunlap.sville, p-o., Laurens co., S. C. 

DuNLAPSviLLE, p-v., Union co., la., 69 e. In- 
dianapolis, 517 W. Situated on w. side of the 
E. branch of White Water r. 

DuNNSBURG, p-v., Clinton co.. Pa., 109 n. n. 
w. Harrisburg, 201 VV. Situated on the n. bank 
of the w. branch of Susquehanna r., opposite the 
mouth of Bald Eagle cr. 

Dunn's Corner, p-o., Kennebec co.. Me., 10 
Augusta, 605 W. 

Dunnsville, p-v., Essex co., Va., 56 n. e. 
Richmond, 118 W. 

DuNNiNGSviLLE, p-v., Washington co., Pa^ 
199 w. Harrisburg, 225 W. 



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184 



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Dunstable, p-t., Middlesex co., Mass., 31 n. 
w. Boston, 437 W. The surface is level ; soil, 
generally sandy. Watered by Nashua and Sal- 
mon rivers. Incorporated in 1683. It has 2 
stores, cap. $3,200 ; 2 grist m., 3 saw in. 5 sch. 
190 scholars. Pop. 603. 

Dunstable, t., Clinton co.. Pa., 30 w. Wil- 
liarasport. The surface is mountainous ; soil, 
calcareous loam and slate. The w. branch of 
Susquehanna r. runs on its s. E. and s. border. 
The t. is chiefly a desert, but contains coal. It 
has 3 stores, cap. $16,000; 1 brewery. Cap. in 
manufac. $100. Pop. 841. 

DuTONsviLLE, p-o., Edgefield dist., S. C, 65 
w. Columbia, 560 W. 

Duplin, county, N. C. Situated in the s. e. 
part of the state, and contains 600 sq. ras. Drained 
by N. E. Cape Fear r. and branches. Surface, 
level ; soil, fertile. Capital, Keenansville. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 9,816, sheep 6,670, swine 
31,061 ; wheat 2,683 bush, produced, rye, 1,091 
Ind. com 244,534, oats 3,525, potatoes 85,371, rice 
77,550 pounds, cotton 1,346,229; 9 stores, cap. 
$23,750 ; 55 grist m., 30 saw m., 2 acad. 63 stu- 
dents, 9 sch. 206 scholars. Pop. whites 6,244, 
slaves 4,677, free col'd 261 ; total, 11,182. 

Dupont, p-o., .lefTerson co., la., 74 s. s. e. In- 
dianapolis, 574 W. 

Dupree's Old Store, p-o., Charlotte co., Va., 
102 s. w. by w. Richmond, 200 W. 

Durant's Neck, p-o., Perquiman's co., N. C, 
215 E. by N. Raleigh, 305 W. 

Durham, p-t., Cumberland co.. Me., 39 s. w. 
Augusta, 566 W. Situated on the s. side of An- 
droscoggin r., which is crossed by a bridge at 
Lisbon. It is a good agricultural t. Incorporated 
in 1783. It has 5 stores, cap. $4,500 ; 1 tannery, 

2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $12,500. 
12 sch. 458 scholars. Pop. 1,836. 

Durham, p-t., Strafford co., N. H., 32 e. by s. 
Concord, 11 w. n. w. Portsmouth. Watered by 
Piscataqua r. and its branches, which afford wa- 
ter power. The v. is situated on Oyster r., a 
branch of the Piscataqua, which is navigable to 
tliis place. Granite is here found, and is export- 
ed. This place suffered much in early times 
from Indian hostilities. It has 4 stores, cap. $5,800 ; 

3 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,100. 
10 sch. 505 scholars. Pop. 1,498. 

Durham, p-t., Middlesex co., Ct., 21 s. Hart- 
ford, 319 W. The surface is uneven, but the soil 
is fertile. First settled in 1698. Watered by 
West r., a tributary of the Connecticut. It has *6 
stores, cap. $10,400; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 2 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $15,132. 5 sch. 205 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,095. 

Durham, p-t., Greene co., N. Y., 36 s. w. Al- 
bany, 359 W. The surface is hilly and broken ; 
soil, clay and gravelly loam. Watered by Cats- 
kill r. and its tributaries. The v. contains 1 
church, 1 store, 30 dwellings, and about 300 in- 
habitants. Pop. of the t. 2,813. The t. has 7 
stores, cap. $18,300 ; 1 furnace, 4 tanneries, 4 
grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $32,550. 
1 acad. 18 students, 11 sch. 276 scholars 

Durham, t., Bucks co.. Pa., 20 n. e. Doylcs- 
town Watered by Cook's or Durham cr.. Which 
affords vyater power. Delaware r. bounds it on 
tlie e. It contains a singular and extensive cave 
in limestone rock, called the Devil's Hole at the 
bottom of which is a basin of pure water 20 feet 
wide, which has an outlet under the earth It 
has 3 stores, cap. $12,000 ; 1 flouring m 2 '"-rist 
m., Isavvm. Cap. in manufac. $11,650.' 2 "sch 
28 scholars. Pop. 691. 

Durhamville, p-v., Verona t., Oneida co N 
\ ., 125 w. N. w. Albany, 363 W. Situated on 



both sides of Oneida cr. It contains 2 churches, 
4 stores, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 large tannery, 25 
dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. 

Durhamville, p-v., Lauderdale co., Tenn., 
181 w. by s. Nashville, 862 W. 

Durlack, p-o., Lancaster co., Pa., 3i e. s. e. 
Harrisburg, 128 W. 

Durretsville, p-o., Richmond co., Va., 65 e. 
N. E. Richmond, 124 W. 

Dutchman's Point, p-o., Cook co.. 111., 216 
N. E. by N. Springfield, 729 W. 

Dutch Settlement, p-v., St. Mary's par., 
La., 127 w. by s. New Orleans, 1,209 W. Sit- 
uated on Tec he r. 

Dutchess, county, N. Y. SiUiated in the s. E. 
part of the state, and contains 765 sq. ras. Hud- 
son r. washes its w. border. The surface is un- 
even, and in the e. part hilly, but the soil i.s 
generally good, and highly cultivated. The pro- 
ductions of grain and of cattle are extensive, and 
find an easy access to market ; and the county is 
extensively inhabited by wealthy farmers. Iron 
ore and marble are abundant, and lead ore and 
black lead are found. Fishkill and Wappinger's 
creeks, tributaries of the Hudson, afford exten- 
sive mill seats. Ten Mile cr., a tributary of the 
Housatonic, waters the E. part of the co. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 44,247, sheep 215,950, 
swine 65,777 ; wheat 171,617 bush, produced, rye 
175,550, Ind. corn 710,473, buckwheat 86,980, 
barley 2,540, oats 1,360,613, potatoes 594,136, 
wool 413,635 pounds; value of the products of 
the dairy $643,834; 183 stores, cap. .$572,450; 15 
lumber yards, cap. $181,000 ; 4 furnaces, 15 fall- 
ing m., 6 woollen fac, 11 cotton fac. 21,343 sp., 
1 dyeing and print, establishment, 18 tanneries, 
1 brewery, 2 potteries, 1 rope fac, 29 flouring m., 
61 grist m., 64 saw m., 3 paper fac, 3 printing 
offices, 1 bindery, 2 periodicaLs, 2 weekly news- 
papers. Cap. in manufac, $1,944,488. 7 acad. 
621 students, 107 sch. 4,498 scholars. Pop. 1830, 
50,926 ; 1840, 52,398. 

DuTCHviLLE, p-o., Granvillc co., N. C, 40 n. 
Raleigh, 274 W. 

DuTOTSBURG, p-v., MoHroc CO., Pa., 130 n. e. 
by E. Harrisburg, 25 n. Easton, 223 W. Situated 
on Delaware r., n. side of the Water Gap. It has 
10 dwellings. 

Duval, county, Flor. Situated in the n. e. 
part of the ter., and contains 720 sq. ms. Nassau 
r. separates it from Nassau co. on the it. Drained 
by St. John's r. and Black r. Capital, Jackson- 
ville. There were in 1840, noat cattle 5,901 
sheep 31, swine 2,001 ; Ind. corn 20,085 bush, 
produced, potatoes 17,691, rice 9,010 pounds, cot- 
ton 140,653, sugar 21,600 ; 12 stores, cap. $67,500 ; 
6sawm. Cap. in manufac. $117,000. 3 sch. 75 
scholars. Pop. whites 2,2.50, slaves 1,801, free 
col'd 105; total, 4,156. 

DuxBURV, p-t., Plymouth co., Mass., 36 s. s. E. 
Boston, 6 N. Plymouth, 448 W. Situated on 
Ma.ssachusetts bay. The soil is sandy, with 
some good land. It has 13 stores, cap. $37,750 ; 1 
woollen fac, 3 tanneries, 1 rope fac, 2 grist m., 6 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $95,800. 1 acad. 30 
students, 11 sch. 700 scholars. Pop. 2,798. 

Du.XBURY, t., Washington co., Vt., 13 w. Mont- 
peUer, 22 s. E. Burlington. Much of the town is 
mountainous, and incapable of cultivation. There 
is some good land on Onion r., which runs on its 
N. boundary. Watered liy Mad river and its 
branches. A natural bridge over Onion r. con- 
nects it with Waterbury. It has 7 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $4,405. 8 sch. 281 scholars. Pop. 
820. 

DwiGHT, p-o., Pope CO., Ark., 77 N. w. Little 
Rock, 1,142 W. 



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185 



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DwiGHT, v., Cherokee nation, a missionary 
station, establisiied in 1820, by the American 
Board of Foreign Missions. Situated on the w. 
bank of Illinois r. of Red r., 4 miles above its 
junction with Arkansas r. Keel boats navigate 
to this place. It has a flourishing school for the 
education of Indian youth. 

Dyberry, t., Wayne co., Pa. It has 3 stores, 
cap. $6,000; 2 tanneries, 68 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $141,150. 7 sch. 153 scholars. Pop. 
691. 

Dyer's River, p-o., Lincoln co., Me., 22 s. e. 
Augusta, 596 W. 

Dyer, county, Tenn. Situated in the w. part 
of the state, and contains 840 square miles. It is 
bounded w. by Mississippi r. Watered by Obion 



and Forked Deer rivers. The surface is rolling, 
excepting the flats along the Mississippi r. Cap- 
ital, Dyersburg. Tliere were in 1840, neat cat- 
tle 5,801, sheep 898, swine 2,193; wheat 12,526 
bush, produced, Ind. corn 224,505, oats 7,692, po- 
tatoes 12,492, tobacco 87,3S0 pounds, cotton 
68,651; 5 stores, cap. $13,955; 2 flouring m., 3 
grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,750. 6 
sch. 137 scholars. Pop. 1830, 1,904 ; 1840, whites 
3,427, slaves 1,042, free col'd 15; total, 4,484. 

Dyersburg, p-v., capital of Dyer co.. Term., 
161 vv. Nashville, 844 W. Situated on the n. 
branch of Forked Deer r., 30 ms. above its en- 
trance into Mississippi r. It contains a court 
house and several stores and dwellings. 

Dyre, t., Saline co., Ark. Pop. 209. 



E. 



Eagle, p-t., Alleghany co., N. Y., 264 w. by 
s. Albany, 355 W. The surface is undulating ; 
soil, argillaceous loarn, adapted to grass or to 
grain, and very heavily timbered. Drained by 
Caneadea and Wiskoy creeks. It has 1 store, 
cap. $1,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 grist m. 
Cap. in manufac. $7,275. 8 sch. 249 scholars. 
Pop. 1,187. 

Eagle, p-o., Warren co., Pa., 139 n. w. Har- 
risburg, 320 W. 

Eagle, p-o., CUnton co., Mich. 

Eagle, p-t., Hancock co., O., 83 n. w. Colum- 
bus, 454 W. It has 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $1,000. 4 sch. 191 scholars. Pop. 
524. 

Eagle, t.. Brown co., O. It contains the p-v., 
called Fincastle, 17 ras. from West Union. It 
has 4 sch. 134 scholars. Pop. 891. 

Eagle, t., Ross co., O. Pop. 411. 

Eagle Creek, p-o., Lake co., la., 150 n. w. 
Indianapolis, 694 W. 

Eagle Creek, p-o., Gallatin co.. El., 102 s. s. 
E. Springfield, 769 W. The cr. enters Saline cr. 
near its mouth. There is some good land and a 
large settlement on this stream. 

Eagle Factory, p-o., Susquehanna co., Pa., 
185 N. N. E. Harrisburg, 295 W. 

Eagle Falls, p-o., Rockingham co., N. C. 

Eagle Grove, p-o., Elbert co., Ga., 114 n. by 
E. Milledgeville, 5S8 W. 

Eagle Harbor, p-v., Gaines t., Orleans co., 
N. Y., 256 w. by n. Albany, 398 W. It contains 
1 Methodist church, 2 stores, 3 warehouses, 1 
flouring m., 1 saw m., 100 dwellings, and about 
600 inhabitants. 

Eagle Rock, p-v.. Wake co., N. C, 12 e. 
Raleigh, 286 W. 

Eagletown, p-v., Choctaw nation, Indian 
ter., 177 w. by s. of Little Rock, Ark., 1,242 W. 
Situated on the w. side of the Mountain Fork of 
Little r., a tributary of Red r. 

Eagle Village, p-v., Boone co., la., 15 n. w. 
Indianapolis, 586 W. 

Eagleville, p-v., Centre co.. Pa., 102 n. w. 
Harrisburg, 194 W. 

Eagleville, p-o., Ashtabula co., O., 200 n. 
E. Columbus, 340 W. 

Eagleville, p-v., Williamson co., Tenn., 27 
s. Nashville, 690 W. 

Earl, t., Lancaster co., Pa., 13 n. w. Lancas- 
ter. The surface is rolling; soil, red shale and 
gravel. Drained by Conestoga cr., and its branch. 
Muddy cr. It has several villages. There is a 
forge on Conestoga cr. It has 9 stores, cap. 
$54,400 ; 4 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 1 pottery, 8 
flouring m., 2 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufactures $21,250. 6 sch. 192 scholars. Pop. 
3,982. 

24 



Earl, t, Berks co., Pa. Tlie surface is hilly. 
South mountain passes through it. Drauied by 
Manatawny cr. It has 2 falling m., 1 forge, 2 
tanneries, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in 
manufac. $7,000. Pop. 1,158. 

Earlsville, p-v., Hamilton t., Madison co., 
N. Y., 98 w. by n. Albany, 352 W. Situated on 
Chenango r. It contains 2 churches, 7 stores, 3 
warehouses, 1 flouring m., and 15 or 20 dwellings. 
The Chenango canal passes through it. 

Earlvillr, p-o.. Earl t., Berks co.. Pa., 65 e. 
Harrisburg, 153 W. 

Earlville, p-o., Spartanburg dist., S. C, 173 
N. w. Columbia, 472 W. 

Early, county, Ga. Situated in the s. w. part 
of the state, and contains 1,280 sq. ms. The 
Chattahoochee r. runs on its w. border. Watered 
by Spring r. and its branches, a tributary of Flint 
r. Surface, level ; soil, fertile. Capital, Blakeley. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 16,786, sheep 
1,511, swine 12,381; wheat 2,327 bush, produced, 
Ind. corn 119,750, oats 2,461, potatoes l't,573, rice 
3,300 pounds, cotton 1,057,898, sugar 24,625 ; 16 
stores, cap. $71,600 ; 1 tannery, 13 grist m., 5 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $18,900. 2 colleges, 120 
.students, 2 acad. 47 students, 2 sch. 39 scholars. 
Pop. whites 3,120, slaves 2,317, free col'd 7; 
total, 5,444. 

Early Grove, p-o., Lincoln co., N. C, 180 w. 
by s. Raleigh, 417 W. 

East, t., Carroll co., O. Pop. 995. 

East Abi.xgto.n, p-v., Abington t., Plymouth 
CO., Mass., 18 s. s. E. Boston, 446 W. Situated 
on Pembroke cr., issuing from a considerable 
pond, a branch of North r. It contains a Congre- 
gational church. 

East Alton, p-v., Alton t., Belknap co., N 
H., 33 .\. E. Concord, 514 W. 

East Avon, p-v., Avon t., Livingston co., N. 
Y., 218 w. Albany, 399 W. Situated 2 miles E. 
of Avon Springs. It contains 1 Presbyterian and 
1 Baptist church, 2 stores, 35 dwellings, and 
about 250 inhabitants. It has a commanding 
view, and is surroimded by a highly cultivated 
country. 

East Baldwin, p-v., Baldwin t., Cumberland 
CO., Me., 70 s. w. Augusta, 546 W. 

East Barnard, p-v., Barnard t., Windsor co., 
Vt., 39 s. Montpelier, 491 W. 

East Bend, p-o., Hancock co.. 111., 126 vv. n. 
w. Springfield, 877 W. 

East Berkshire, p-v., Berkshire t., Franklin 
CO., Vt., 61 N. Montpelier, 563 W. 

East Berlin, p-v., Adams co.. Pa., 25 s. w. 
Harrisburg, 90 W. 

E.\st Berne, p-v., Berne t., Albany co., N. Y., 
19 w. Albany, 389 W. It contains 2. stores, I 
grist ra., 1 saw m., and 12 or 15 dwellings. 



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East Bethany, p-o., Bethany t., Genesee co., 
JV. Y., 248 w. Albany, 367 W. 

East Bethel, po., Bethel t., Oxford co., Me., 
59 w. Augusta, 607 W. 

East Bethel, p-v.. Bethel t., Windsor co., Vt., 
28 s. by w. Montpelier, 493 W. 

East Bethleukm, p-t., Washington co.. Pa., 
197 w. Harrisburg, 213 W. The surface is hilly ; 
soil, loam. Coal abound.s. Monongahela r. runs 
on its E. boundary, and Ten Mile cr. on its s. 
border. The national road crosses the Monon- 
gahela r. in its n. e. part. It has several villages. 
It has 9 stores, cap. $19,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 wool- 
len fac, 4 distilleries, 13 sch. 520 scholars. Pop. 
2,312. 

East Bloomfield, p-t., Ontario co., N. Y., 8 
w. Canandaigua, "203 w. Albany, 319 W. The 
surface is undulating ; soil, fertile clay and sandy 
loam. Drained by Mud cr. The v. contains 1 
Presbyterian and 1 Congregational church, 4 
stores, 1 tannery, 1 furnace, 40 dwellings, and 
about 300 inhabitants. There are in the t. 8 grist 
m., 9 saw m. Cap. in raanufac. $18,250. 1 acad. 
84 students, 13 sell. 610 scholars. Pop. 1,980. 

East Bloomfield, p-o., Bloomfield t., Craw- 
ford CO., Pa., 242 N. w. Harrisburg, 333 W. 

East Branch, p-o., Hancock t., Delaware co., 
N. Y., lOS w. s. w. Albany, 306 W. 

East Bradford, t., Chester co.. Pa. Brandy- 
wine r. runs on its s. w. boundary. Watered by 
Valley cr. and its branches, which afford w^ater 
power. The surface is hilly ; soil, calcareous 
loam. It has 2 stores, cap. .$3,409 ; 1 fulling m., 
1 woollen fac, 2 cotton fac. 80 sp., 4 grist m., 4 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $21,475. 6 sch. 125 
scholars. Pop. 1,215. 

East Brewer, p-o.. Brewer t., Penobscot co.. 
Me., 76 N. E. Augusta, 671 W. 

East Brewster, p-v., Brewster t., Barnstable 
CO., Mass., 93 s. e. Boston, 494 W. It contains 

1 Congregational, 1 Baptist, and 1 Unitarian 
church. 

East Bridgewater, p-t., Plymouth co., 
Mass., 25 s. s. e. Boston, 433 W. Organized in 
1823. Watered by a branch of Taunton r., which 
affords good water power. It has 2 Congrega- 
tional churches, and extensive manufactures. It 
has 7 stores, cap. $15,800 ; 1 furnace, 2 forges, 1 
cotton fac. 904 sp., 1 printing office, 1 weekly 
newspaper, 3 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $142,070. 1 acad. 25 students, 7 sch. 457 
scholars. Fop. 1,950. 

Eastbrook, t., Hancock co.. Me. It contains 

2 ponds, which have an outlet into Union r. It 
has 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,000 ; 

3 sch. 62 scholars. Pop. 155. 
East Brook, p-o., Mercer co.. Pa., 232 w. n. 

w. Harrisburg, 274 W. 

East Brookfield, p-v., Brookfield t., Orange 
CO., Vt., 22 s. Montpelier, 504 W. Situated on a 
branch of White r. which affords water power. 

East Brookfield, p-v., Brooldield t., Worces- 
ter CO., Mass., .56 w. s. w. Boston, 392 W. 

East Buffalo, t., Union co.. Pa. It has 1 
fulling m., 1 distillery, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap 
m manufac. $7,850. 4 sch. 160 scholars. Pop. 
812. 

East Buunham, p-o., Waldo co., Me., 40 n n 
E. Augusta, 636 W. 

East Calais, p-o., Calais t., Washington co., 
Vt., 13 N. E. MoRtpelier, 529 W. 

East Caln, t., Chester co.. Pa. It has 10 
stores, cap. $32,850 ; 2 lumber yards, cap. $2 000 • 
1 forge, 1 paper fac, 3 grist m., 1 sawm., 1 oil m' 
Cap. m manufac. $15,070. 1 acad. 20 students 6 
sch. 300 scholars. Pop. 1,757. ' 

East Cambridge, p-v., Cambridge t., Middle- 



sex CO., Mass., 1 N. w. Boston, 439 W. It was 
formerly called Lechmere Point, and is connect- 
ed with Boston by Canal Bridge, and by the via- 
duct of the Boston and Lowell railroad over 
Charles r. It contains a court house and jail, 3 
churches, a large glass fac, and is a large and 
flourishing village. 

East Canisteo, p-o., Canisteot., Steuben co., 
N. Y., 241 w. by s. Albany, 308 W. 

East Carlton, p-o., Carlton t., Orleans co., 
N. Y., 262 w. by n. Albany, 405 W. 

East Charleston, p o., Charleston t, Or- 
leans CO., Vt., 68 N. by e. Montpelier, 578 W. 

East Chester, p-v., Chester t., Rockingham 
CO., N. H., 25 s. s. E. Concord, 466 W. 

East Chester, p-t., Westchester co., N. Y., 
142 s. Albany, 15 n. e. New York, 241 W. The 
surface is hilly and stony ; soil, a fertile loam. 
Watered by Bronx r. and Hutchinson's cr., which 
enter through an estuary into Long Island sound. 
The V. is on the e. side of East Chester cr., and 
contains 2 churches — 1 Episcopal and 1 Methott- 
ist — 4 stores, 1 grist m., 50 dwellings, and about 
350 inhabitants. It has a convenient harbor, and 
several sloops employed in trade with New York. 
There are in the t., 1 acad. 20 students, 1 sch. 40 
scholars. Pop. 1,502. 

East China, p-o., China t., Wyoming co., N. 
Y., 268 w. Albany, 351 W. 

East Clarenden, p-o., Clarenden t., Rutland 
CO., Vt., 66 s. by w. Montpelier, 460 W. 

East Claridon, p-o. Claridon t., Geauga co., 
O., 174 N. E. Columbus, 333 W. 

E.isT Clinton, p-o., Clinton t., Kennebec co., 
Me., 29 N. E. Augusta, 625 W. 

East Cocalico, t., Lancaster co.. Pa. Drain- 
ed by Cocalico cr. It has 4 stores, cap. $23,000 ; 
2 taimeries, 5 distilleries, 7 grist m. Cap. irj man- 
ufac. $17,840. Pop. 1,983. 

East Constable, p-o.. Constable t., Franldia 
CO., N. Y., 214 N. by w. Albany, 553 W. 

East Corinth, p-o., Corinth t., Penobscot co.. 
Me., 88 N. e. Augusta, 683 W. 

East Corinth, p-o., Corinth t., Orange co., 
Vt., 23 s. E. Montpelier, 521 W. 

East Deer, t., Alleghany co.. Pa. Situated 
on the w. side of the Alleghany r. It has 5 stores, 
cap. $3,100 ; 4 grist m., 4 sawm. Cap. in man- 
ufac .$6,250. 10 sch. 540 scholars. Pop. 1,987 

E.\st Dennis, p-v., Dennis t., Barnstable co., 
Mass., 83 s. E. Boston, 484 W. 

East Dixfield, p-o., Dixfield t., Oxford co., 
Me., 35 w. by n. Augusta, 613 W. 

East Donegal, t., Lancaster co., Pa. Drain- 
ed by Little Chicques cr. and branches. It has 
20 stores, cap. $76,800 ; 7 lumber yards, capital 
$51,500 ; 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 
2 printing offices, 1 weekly newspaper, 4 flouring 
m., 2 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $74,537. 
1 acad. 50 students, 9 sch. 597 scholars. Pop. 
2,987. 

E.\ST Dorset, p-o., Dorset t., Bennhigton co., 
Vt., 83 s. s. w. Montpelier, 435 W. 

East Douglass, p-o., Douglass t., Worcester 
CO., Mass., 41 s. w. Boston, 398 W. 

East Dover, p-o., Dover t., Piscataquis Co., 
Me., 86 N. N. e. Augusta, 683 W. 

East Dover, p-o., Lenawee co., Mich., 76 s. 
w. Detroit, 510 W. 

East Durham, p-v., Durham t., Greene co., 
N. Y., 40 s. by w. Albany, 553 W. 

East Elliott, p-v., Elliott t., York co., Me., 
102 s. by w. Augusta, 502 W. 

East Euclid, po., Euclid t., Cuyahoga co., 
O., 158 N. e. Columbus, 364 W. 

East Evans, p-o., Evans t., Erie co., N. Y., 
307 w. Albany, 372 W. 



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187 



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East Eddington, p-o., Eddiugton t., Penob- 
scot CO., Me., 79 N. E. Augusta, 774 W. 

East Fairfield, p-o., Fairfield t., Franklin 
CO., Vt., 52 N. N. w. Montpelier, 548 W. 

East Fairfield, p-v., Fairfield t., Columbiana 
CO., O., 15S E. N. E. Columbus, 276 VV. 

East Falmouth, p-v., Falmouth t, Bam.sta- 
ble CO., Ma.ss., 81 s. by e. Boston, 470 W. It 
contains a Congregational church and a few 
dwellings. 

East Fallowfield, t., Chester county, Pa. 
Drained by w. branch of BrandywLne cr. It has 
5 stores, cap. $11,200 ; 1 lumber yard, cap. $300 ; 
1 tannery, 4 paper fac, 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $60,430. 6 sch. 252 scholars. Pop. 
1,170. 

East Farmington, p-v., Farmington t., Oak- 
land CO., Mich., 24 n. w. Detroit, 546 W. 

East Florence, p-o., Florence t., Oneida co., 
N. Y., 125 w. N. w. Albany, 411 W. 

E.4ST Feliciaxa, parLsh, La. Situated in the 
N. part of the e. projection of the state, and con- 
tains 560 sq. ms. Watered by Amite river, and 
Thompson's andComite creeks, on wliichthe soil 
is fertile. Capital, C^linton. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle l],3y9, sheep 6,505, swine 24,520; 
Ind. corn 290,540 bush, produced, oats 14,695, 
potatoes 135,765, cotton 8,442,000 pounds; 30 
stores, cap. 182,500 ; 3 tanneries, 7 saw mills, 3 
printing offices, 3 weekly newspapers. Cap. in 
manufac. $91,8.50. 1 college, 36 students, 4 acad. 
275 students, 27 sch. 631 scholars. Pop. whites 
3,992, slaves 7,871, free col'd 30; total, 11,893. 

East Findlay, t., Washington co.. Pa. It has 
1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $300. 7 
sch. 210 scholars. Pop. 1,147. 

Eastford, p-v., Ashford t., Windham co., Ct., 
35 E. Hartford, 371 W. Situated on the w. side 
of Natchaug r. It contains 3 churches — 1 Baptist, 
1 Congregational, 1 Methodist — several manu- 
factories, stores, and dwellings. 

East Foxborough, p-v., Foxborough t., Nor- 
folk CO., Mass., 25 s. by w. Boston, 417 W. 

East Franklin, p-o., Franklin t., Delaware 
CO., N. Y., 85 w. s. w. Albany, 346 W. 

East Freedom, p-o., Bedford co.. Pa. 

East GencJa, p-o., Genoa t., Cayuga co., N. 
Y., 164 w. Albany, 316 W. 

East Glenville, p-o., Glenville t., Schenec- 
tady CO., N. Y., 20 N. w. Albany, 383 W. 

East Goshen, t., Chester co.. Pa , 18 w. Phil- 
adelphia. The surface is generally level ; soil, 
a fertile sandy loam, well cultivated. Watered 
by Ridley and Chester creeks. It has 3 stores, 
cap. $6,300 ; 1 lumber yard, cap. $200 ; 1 wool- 
len fac, 2 flouring m., 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $10,100. 1 sch. 30 scholars. Pop. 
740. 

East Granby, p-v., Granby t., Hartford co., 
Ct., 15 N. by w. Hartford, 351 W. 

East Granville, p-v., Granville t., Hampden 
CO., Mass., 110 w. by s. Boston, 362 W. 

East Greene, p-o., Greene t., Chenango co., 
N. Y., 118 w. Albany, 318 W. 

East Greenbush, p-v., Greenbush t., Rensse- 
laer CO., N. Y. It contains 1 church, an acade- 
my, 1 store, and about 15 dwellings. 

East Greenville, p-v., Tuscarawas t., Stark 
CO., O., 110 n. e. Columbus, 327 W. 

East Greenwich, p-t., capital of Kent co., R. 
I., 14 s. Providence, 397 W. The v. contahis a 
court house, 3 churches — 1 Episcopal, 1 Friends, 
1 Methodist — an academy, several stores and 
dwellings. There are in the t., 13 stores, capital 
$5,610; 8 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 3 grist m., 2 
saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $9,500. 1 acad. 64 
students, 4 sch. 74 scholars. Pop. 1,509. 



East Greenwich, p-o., Greenwich t., Wash- 
ington CO., N. Y. 

East Groveland, p-o., Groveland t, Livings- 
ton CO., N. Y., 241 w. Albany, 336 W. 

East Guilford, p-v., Guilford t., Chenango 
CO., N. Y., 104 w. Albany, 326 W. It contains 
1 store, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 plaster m., 1 cloth- 
iers' works, and about 15 dwellings. 

East Haddam, p-t, Middlesex co., Ct., 30 s. S. 
E. Hartford, 313 W. Organized in 1734. The 
surface is uneven and rocky ; soil, fertile, adapt- 
ed to grazing. The village called East Haddam 
Landing, is on the e. bank of Connecticut r., a 
little below the mouth of Salmon r., and contains 
an Episcopal church, a bank, 4 stores, and about 
30 dwellings. Another village at the head of 
boat navigation on Salmon r., 4 ms. n., contains 

3 stores, 1 saw m., 1 cotton foe, and about 20 
dwellings. There are in the t., 12 stores, cap. 
$46,000 ; 2 lumber yards, cap. $12,000 ; 3 fuUmg 
m., 7 cotton fac. 6,546 sp., 16 sch. 743 scholars. 
Pop. 2,620. 

Eastham, p-t., Barnstable co., Mass., 97 s. e. 
Boston, 498 W. Situated on a narrow part of 
Cape Cod, about half way between the elbow 
and the cape. Incorporated in 1616. The soil is 
sandy and sterile, and the inhabitants are chiefly 
employed in the fisheries. The town contains a 
Congregational and a Methodist church ; 4 stores, 
cap. .$2,050; 18,750 bush, salt produced ; 2 grist 
m. Cap. in manufac. $2,140. 6 sch. 458 schol- 
ars. Pop. 955. 

East Hamburg, p-o., Hamburg t., Erie co., 
N. Y., 284 w. Albany, 369 W. 

East Hamilton, p-o., Hamilton t., Madison 
CO., N. Y., 92 w. by n. Albany, 358 W. 

East Hampton, p-t., Hampshire co., Mass., 
98 w. Boston, 376 W. Incorporated in 1809. 
Situated on the w. side of Connecticut r. The 
Hampshire and Hamden canal passes through it. 
It has 2 stores, cap. $3,700 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist in., 

4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $12,550. 6 sch. 148 
scholars. Pop. 717. 

East Hajipton, p-v., Chatham t., Middlesex 
CO., Ct. Situated on Pine brook, the outlet of 
Pocotopogue pond. It contains a Congregational 
church. 

East Hampton, p-t., Suffolk co., N. Y., 267 
s. E. by S.Albany, 114 e. New York, 347 W. 
Situated on the e. end of Long Island, and con- 
tains Montauk Point, Gardner's, and some small- 
er islands. The surface is level ; soil, a fertile 
sandy alluvion. Toward Montauk Point the sur- 
face is very uneven. The light-house on the 
Point cost $23,000, is 140 feet higii above the level 
of the ocean, and the ligiit can be seen 30 ms. at 
sea. The remuaut of the Montauk Indians reside 
here, on a conditional reservation of 1,000 acres. 
The V. of East Hampton lies on a single street, 
and contains one Presbyterian church, Clinton 
academy, 2 windmills, several stores, 100 dwell- 
ings, and about 600 inhabitants. Tliere are in 
the t., 11 stores, cap. $12,490; 2 lumber yards, 
cap. $15,000 ; 2 tanneries, 5 grist m. Capital in 
manufac $14,750. 1 acad. 80 students, 11 sch. 
469 scholars. Pop. 2,076. 

East Hanover, p-t., Lebanon co., Pa., 21 E. 
Harrisburg, 131 W. It has 4 stores, cap. $14,000 ; 
1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 distille- 
ry, 1 paper fac, 5 grist m., 6 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. 
in manufac. $13,087. 3 sch. 157 scholars. Pop. 
2,461. 

East Harrington, p-o., Harrington t.. Wash 
ington CO., Me., 131 e. by n. Augusta, 714 W. 

East Hartford, p-t., Hartford co., Ct., 1 E. 
Hartford, 337 W. It was incorporated in 1784, 
and is situated on the e. side of Connecticut r. 



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opposite to Hartford, with which it is connected 
by a bridge. The land on the r. is exceedingly 
fertile ; back of this it rises 15 or 20 feet to an ex- 
tended plain. A causeway, a mile long, extends 
across the meadows to the bridge. The v. is 
pleasantly situated on the plain, mostly on an 
extended and broad street, beautifully shaded with 
a row of lofty elms in the middle of the street, 
and other trees on its sides. The t. is watered 
by Hockanum r., which flows into the Connec- 
ticut, and affords extensive water power. It con- 
tains 4 churches — 2 Congregational, 1 Baptist, and 

I Methodist ; 10 stores, cap. $7,620 ; 1 tannery, 1 
powder m., 5 paper fac, 2 grist m., 2 saw mills. 
Cap. in manufac. $10,500. 1 acad. 53 students, 
8 sch. 507 scholars. Pop. 2,389. 

East Harwich, p-v., Harwich t., Barnstable 
CO., Mass., 100 s. by e. Boston, 501 W. It con- 
tains a Methodist church and several dwellings. 

East Haven, p-t., New Haven co., Ct., 39 s. 
by w. Hartford, 303 W. Incorporated in 1785. 
Quinnipiack r. runs on its w. border. The sur- 
face is level ; soil, light and sandy, or sandy loam. 
To the E. tlie surface is hilly ; and the soil, a 
gravelly loam. The v. contains 3 churches — 1 
Congregational, 1 Episcopal. A light-house stands 
at the E. point of New Haven harbor. Tliere are 
in the t., 15 stores, cap. $61,100; 1 lumber yard, 
cap. $10,000 ; 1 fulluig m., 1 grist m. Cap. in 
manufac. $3, 100. 1 acad. 36 students, 7 sch. 375 
scholars. Pop. 1,382. 

East Haven, t., Essex co., Vt. First settled 
in 1790. Pasumsic r. passes through its w. cor- 
ner. Watered by Paul's stream on the E. The 
surface is imeven and mountainous, chiefly adapt- 
ed to grazuig. It has 1 sch. 20 scholars. Pop. 
79. 

East Haverhill, p-v., Haverhill t., Essex 
CO., Ms., 38 N. Boston, 468 W. 

East Hebron, p-o., Oxford co., Me., 36 w. 
Augusta, 587 W. 

East Hempfield, p-t., Lancaster co.. Pa., 38 
E. s. E. Harrisburg, 118 W. The surface is 
partly level. Watered by Little Conestoga cr. 
on the E. It has 5 stores, cap. $23,000; 1 fulling 
m., 7 distilleries, 2 flouring m., 4 grist m. Cap. 
in manufac. $13,950. 8 sch. 494 scholars. Pop. 
1,657. ^ 

East Huntingdon, t., Westmoreland co.. Pa. 
Drained by branches of Jacob's creek. It has 

II stores, cap. $27,000 ; 1 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 
12 distilleries, 1 printing office, 1 weekly news- 
paper, 5 flouring m., 7 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in 
manufac. $4,750. 5 sch. 140 scholars. Pop. 
1,774. ^ 

East Herrick, p-o., Bradford co., Pa., 154 n. 
Harrisburg, 264 W. 

East Highgate, p-o., Highgate t., Franklin 
CO., Vt., 71 N. N. w. Montpelier, 545 W. 

East Hill, p-o., Nunda t., Alleghany co., N. 
Y., 248 w. by. s. Albany, 339 W. 

East Homer, p-o.. Homer t., Cortland co., N. 
Y., 136 w. Albany, 323 W. 

E.4.ST Jav.v, p-o., Java t., Genesee co N Y 
263 w. Albany, 3.56 W. ' ■ •' 

East Kill, p-o.. Hunter t., Greene co N Y 
57 s. s. w. Albany, 364 W. ' • •- 

East Killingly, p-v., KiUingly t., Windham 
CO., Ct., 49 E. Hartford, 380 W. '"Q"am 

East Kingston, p-t., Rockingham co N H 
36 8. E Concord, 474 W. The soil is fertile! 
Watered by Powow r. Incorporated in 1738 
It has 4 stores, cap. $3,500 ; 1 fulling m 4 tan' 
nerics, 2 grist m., 1 saw m., 4 sch. 134 scholars 
Pop. Sal. 

East Knox, p-o., Knox t., Waldo co., Me 38 
E. N. E. Augusta, 633 W. ' ' 



E.vst Kov p-o., Pike t., Alleghany co., N. Y., 
200 w. by s. Albany, 355 W 

East Koy, er., N. Y., rises in Genesee co., 
and in Alleghany co. unites with West Koy cr., 
whence it flows E. into Genesee r. It affords 
good water power. 

East Landing, p-o., Tompkins co., N. Y., 172 
w. Albany, 308 W. 

East Laporte, p-o., Haywood co., N. C, 317 
w. Raleigh, 547 W. 

East Lebanon, p-v., Lebanon t., Grafton oc, 
N. H., 49 N. w. Concord, 488 W. 

East Lebanon, p-v., Wayne co., O., 108 n. e. 
Columbus, 329 W. It has 1 store, about 12 
dwelliags, and 70 inhabitants. 

East Leeds, p-o., Leeds t., Kennebec co., 
Me., 20 w. Augusta, 588 W. 

East Le.vington, p-o., Middlesex co., Ms., 8 
N. w. Boston, 448 W. 

East Lexington, p-o., Lexington t, Greene 
CO., N. Y., 52 s. by w. Albany, 362 W. 

East Liberty, p-v., Dunbar t., Fayette co.. 
Pa., 184 w. by s. Harrisburg, 209 W. Situated 
on the s. bank of Youghiogheny r. 

East Liberty, v., Alleghany co.. Pa., 5 e. 
Pittsburg. Pleasantly situated on the Greens- 
burg and Philadelphia turnpike, and contains 3 
churches, several stores, various mechanics, and 
about 150 dwellings. Pop. 393. 

East Liberty, p-v.. Perry t., Logan co., O., 
59 N. w. Columbus, 449 W. 

East Limington, p-o., York co.. Me., 68 s. w. 
Augusta, 543 W. 

East Line, p-o., Ballston t., Saratoga co., N. 
Y. 

East Livermore, p-o., Livermore t., Oxford 
CO., Me., 22 w. by n. Augusta, 602 W. 

East Liverpool, p-v., St. Clair t, Columbi- 
ana CO., O., 156 s. s. E. Columbus, 268 W. Situ- 
ated on the Ohio r., 4 ms. below the line of 
Pennsylvania, and contains 4 stores, 3 commis- 
sion warehouses, 1 steam saw m., 1 steam 
grist m. It contains a number of splendid brick 
buildings. It is the principal deposit of flour 
from the numerous flouring m. on the Little 
Beaver r. The land rises from the r., affording 
commanding situations, in its elevated parts. 

East Long Meadow, p-v., Long Meadow t., 
Hampden co., Ms., 90 w. s. w. Boston, 366 W. 
It contains 1 Congregational church, and several 
dwellings. 

East Lyman, p-o., Lyman t., Grafton co., N. 
H., 93 N. N. w. Concord, 53S W. 

East Lyme, p-v., Lyme t.. New London co., 
Ct., 51 s. s. E. Hartford, 346 W. It contains 2 
churches — 1 Baptist, 1 Congregational — 1 cotton 
fac, and several dwellings. 

East Macdonough, p-o., Macdonnugh t., 
Chenango co., N. Y., 114 w. Albany, 333 W. 

East Machias. (See Mechisses, Me.) 

East Madison, p-o., Somerset co.. Me., 42 n. 
Augusta, 437 W. 

E.\ST Marshfield, p-o., Marslifield t., Ply- 
mouth CO., Ms. 

East Marlborough, t., Chester co., Pa., 28 
s. w. Philadelphia. The surface has a gentle 
declivity ; soil, sandy loam. Watered by Po- 
copsen cr., a branch of Brandywine cr., and 
Redclay cr. It contains the v. of Unionville. 
It has 7 stores, cap. $19,000; 2 tanneries, 3 giist 
m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,350. 1 acad. 
25 students, 4 sch. 230 scholars. Pop. 1,379. 

East Medway, p-v., Medway t., Norfolk co., 
Ms., 24 s. w. Boston, 422 W. 

East Middleborougii, p-v., Plymouth co. 
Ms., 44 s. by e. Boston, 436 W. It contains a 
Congregational church, and several dwellings. 



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East Middlebury, p-o., Middlebury t., Ad- 
dison CO., Vt., 54 s. w. Moiitpelier, 486 W. 

East Minot, p-o., Cumberland co., Me., 36 s. 
w. Augusta, 580 W. 

East Monmouth, p-o., Monmouth t., Kenne- 
bec CO., Me., 20 s. w. Augusta, 596 W. 

East Montpelier, p-o., Montpelier t., Wash- 
ington CO., Vt., 6 E. Montpelier, 522 W. 

East Monroe, p-v., Fairfield t., Highland co., 
O., 78 s. w. Columbus, 433 W. 

East Moultonboro, Moultonboro t., Carroll 
CO., N. H., 49 N. by e. Concord, 530 W. 

East Mount Vernon, Mount Vernon t., Ken- 
nebec CO., Me., 12 N. w. Augusta, 607 W. 

East Nantmeal, p-t., Chester co.. Pa., 33 n. 
w. Philadelphia, 65 e. s. e. Harrisburg, 143 W. 
The surface is liilly ; soil, gravelly. Watered by 
North and South branches of French cr. and 
their tributaries. It contains 2 churches and 2 
forges. Iron ore is found. There are m the t., 
7 stores, cap. $22,500 ; 1 furnace, 1 fulling m., 2 
tanneries, 1 flouring m., 4 grist m., 7 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $8,427. 8 sch. 600 scholars. 
Pop. 2,171. 

East Nelson, p-o., Shelby co., III., 81 s. E. 
Sprmgfield. 745 W. 

East New Market, p-v., Dorchester co., Md., 
73 s. e. Annapolis, 113 W. 

East Newport, p-o., Newport t., Penobscot 
CO., Me. 

East New Portland, p-o.. New Portland t., 
Somerset co.. Me., 52 n. by w. Augusta, 646 W. 

East New Sharon, p-o.. New Sharon t., 
Franklin co., Me., 24 n. n. w. Augusta, 617 W. 

East New York, p-v., Flatbush t., Kings co., 
N. Y., 5i E. Brooklyn, 152 s. Albany, 6 e. New 
York, 202 W. It contains 2 Dutch Refonned 
churches, 3 stores, 1 clock fac. propelled by 
steam, 1 suspender and boot web fac, and is 
designed for a large manufacturing \illage. 

East Northport, p-o., Norihport t., Waldo 
CO., Me., 46 e. Augusta, 640 W. 

E.\ST NoRTHWooD, p-0., Norlhwood t., Rock- 
ingham CO., N. H., 22 e. Concord, 492 W. 

East Nottingham, t., Chester co.. Pa., 40 s. 
w. Philadelphia. The surface is gently uneven ; 
soil, sandy loam. Elk or. runs on its e. boundary. 
Watered by Little Elk cr. It has the v. of Ox- 
ford on its N. boundary. It has 7 stores, cap. 
$12,600; 1 tannery, 1 pottery, 7 paper fac, 5 
grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. .$15,737. 1 
acad. 37 students, 5 sch. 185 scholars. Pop. 2,048. 

Easton, p-t., Bristol co., Ms., 24 s. Boston, 429 
W. Watered by 2 branches of Taunton r., 
which afford water power. It has 10 stores, cap. 
$10,100; 5 cotton fac. 1,996 sp., 2 furnaces, 3 
grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $57,500. 
20 sch. 572 scholars. Pop. 2,074. 

Easton, p-t., Washington co., N. Y., 27 n. n. 
E. Albany, 397 W. Surface is moderately 
uneven; soil, sandy and clay loam. Drained 
by Battenldll, which bounds it on the w. The 
V. contains 3 churches — 1 Dutch Reformed, 1 
Methodist, and 1 Friends — 3 stores, 50 dwellings, 
and about 300 inhabitants. There are in the t., 
4 stores, cap. $9,500 ; 1 cotton fac. 1,692 sp., 1 
tannery, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$34,000. 9 sch. 150 scholars. Pop. 2,988. 

Easton, p-b., and capital of Northampton co.. 
Pa. Situated on the w. side of Delaware r., at 
the jimction of the Lehigh, 58 n. Philadelphia, 
106 E. N. e. Harrisburg, 199 W. Pop. 1820, 
2,370 ; 1830, 3,529 ; 1840, 4,865. It is built on a 
point of land formed by the Delaware and Le- 
high rivers, and Bushkill cr. The streets are 
laid out along the cardinal points, crossing each 
other at right angles, with a square in the centre, 



on which stands the courthouse, erected in 1758. 
The part of the village on the Delaware is level, 
but considerably elevated above the r., and the 
ground rises gradually from the r. toward the w. 
to a considerable height. It has 2 banks, 5 
churches, 1 Episcopal, 2 German Lutheran, and 

1 Presbyterian. Lafayette College is located 
here, with wliich manual labor is connected. It 
has a president, 8 prolessors and tutors, 51 stu- 
dents, and 1,350 volumes in its libraries. The 
commencement is on the last Tuesday in Sep- 
tember. There is a fine Ijridge over the Dela- 
ware, 570 feet long, which cost $80,000 ; a chain 
bridge over the Lehigh ; and 2 bridges over the 
Bushkill. The Delaware, Morris, and Lehigh 
canals form a junction at this place. There 
were in 1840, 70 stores, cap. $272,650 ; 3 lumber 
yards, cap. $15,000 ; 1 woollen lac, cap. $20,000 ; 
3 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 2 breweries, 2 rope fac, 
7 flouring m., 2 saw m., 2 oil m., 3 printing offices, 

2 binderies, 4 weekly newspapers. Cap. in 
manufac. $177,295. 5 acad. 290 students, 8 sch. 
441 scholars. 

Easton, p-v., capital of Talbot co., Md., 45 s. 
E. Annapolis, 85 W. Situated on Tread Haven 
cr., near the head of a large estuary, 13 ms. from 
its entrance into Chesapeake bay. It contains a 
court house, a market house, 3 churches, 1 Epis- 
copal, 1 Baptist and 1 Friends. It lias considera- 
ble trade. 

East Orleans, p-v., Orleans t., Barnstable 
CO., Ms., 98 s. E. Boston, 499 W. 

East Orrington, p-o., Penobscot co.. Me., 74 
N. E. Augusta, 670 W. 

East Otis, p-v., Otis t., Berkshire co., Ms., 
116 w. by s. Boston, 371 W. It contains a Me- 
thodist church. 

East Otto, p-o., Otto t., Cattaraugus co., N. 
Y., 298 w. by s. Albany, 348 W. 

East O.xford, p-o., Oxford t., Oxford co., Me., 
50 s. w. Augusta, 582 W. 

East Painted Post, p-o.. Painted Post t, 
Steuben co., N. Y., 207 w. by s. Albany, 2S8 W. 

East Palestine, p-v., Colmnbiana co., O., 
167 e. n. e. Columbus, 274 W. It contains 2 
stores, various mechanic shops, about 20 dwell- 
ings, and 150 inhabitants. The union of 2 small 
streams affords water power. Stone coal and 
iron ore are found in the vicinity. 

East Palmyra, p-o.. Palmyra t., Wayne co., 
N. Y., 190 w. by n. Albany, 361 W. 

East Parsonfield, p-o., Parsonfield t., York 
CO., Me., 80 s. w. Augusta, 538 W. 

East Pembroke, p-o., Pembroke t., Genesee 
CO., N. Y., 256 w. Albany, 381 W. 

East Penn, p-t., Northampton co., Pa., 91 n. 
E. Harrisburg. The surface is mountainous ; 
soil, gravel and red shale. Watered by Mahon- 
ing cr. and Lizard cr., which flow into the Le- 
high r., and afford water power. The Lehigh 
Water Gap, tlu-ough Blue mountain, is in the s. 
part of the t. It has 3 stores, cap. $10,000; 1 
furnace, 1 forge, 1 tannery, 2 powder m., 3 grist 
m., 10 saw m. Capital in manufac. $4 1,000. 4 
sch. 180 scholars. Pop. 1,535. 

E.\sT Pharsalia, p-o., Pharsalia t., Chenan- 
go CO., N. Y., 123 w. Albany, 340 W. 

East Pensboro', t., Cumberland co., Pa., 10 
N. e. Carlisle. Susquehanna river runs on its e. 
boundary. Watered by Conedogwinit cr. and 
branches, which flow into the Susquelianna, and 
afford water power. Blue mountain bounds it n. 
It contains the villages Fairview and Wormleys- 
burg on the Susquehanna, the latter opposite to 
Harrisburg. It has 3 stores, cap. $6,200 ; 5 lum- 
ber yards, cap. $17,250 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen 
fac, 1 tannery, 3 distilleries, 3 grist m., 1 saw 



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190 



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m Cap. in manufac. $10,507. 4 sch. 159 schol- 
ars. Pop. 2,391. 

East Fikeland, t., Chester eo., Pa., 24 n. w. 
Philadelphia. Watered by Stony, French, and 
Pickering creeks, branches of the Schuylkill, 
which afford water power. It contains 2 churches, 
and the villages of Kimberton and Yellow 
Springs. It has 1 acad. 59 students, 3 sch. 195 
scholars. Pop. 717. 

East Pike, p-o., Pike t, Alleghany cc, N. Y., 
253 w. by s. Albany, 354 W. 

Ea,st Pierpo.\t, p-v., Pierpont t., St. Law- 
rence CO., N. Y., 208 N. N. E. Albany, 492 W. It 
contains 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 clothier's works, 
1 machine shop, and about 20 dwellings. 

East Pittsfield, p-o., Pittsfield t., Somerset 
CO., Me. 

East Pittston, p-o., Pittston t, Kennebec cc, 
Me., 13 s. by e. Augusta, 601 W. 

East Plainfield, p-v., Plainfield t, Sullivan 
CO., N. H., 55 N. w. Concord, 480 W. 

East Poland, p-o., Poland t., Cumberland co.. 
Me., 43 s. w. Augusta, 573 W. 

Eastport, p-t., Washington co., Me., 183 w. 
N. w. Augusta, 769 W. It is constituted of Moose 
island, 4 ms long, and several smaller islands, in 
Passamaquoddy bay. A bridge on the n. w. con- 
nects it with Perry, and a ferry of 3 miles with 
Lubec, s. by e. It has an excellent harbor. The 
V. contains 5 churches, 40 stores, a United States 
garrison, and about 2,000 inhabitants, who are 
chiefly engaged in the lumber trade and the fish- 
eries. There are in the t. 49 stores, capital 
$186,250 ; 1 tannery. Cap, in manufac. $8,900. 
1 acad. 30 students, 11 sch. 560 scholars. Pop. 
3,876. 

Eastport, p-v., Mill t., Tuscarawas co., O., 
113 E. N. E. Columbus, 307 W. 

Eastport, p-v., Tishamingo co., Miss., 256 n. 
N. E. Jackson, 853 W. It is situated on the w. 
side of Tennessee r , at the mouth of Bear cr. 

East Portage, t., Jackson co., Mich. It has 

1 store, cap. $600; 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$4,600. 1 sch. 30 scholars. Pop. 532. 

East PouLTNEY,p-o., Poullney t., Rutland co., 
Vt., 83 s. s. w. Montpelier, 441 W. It contains 

2 churches, 3 stores, a female academy, a print- 
ing office, various mechanic shops, and about *>0 
dwellings. 

East Raisinville, p-o., Raisinville t., Mon- 
roe CO., Mich., 44 s. w. Detroit, 493 W. 

East Randolph, p-o., Randolph t.. Orange 
CO., Vt., 28 s. Montpelier, 498 W. Situated on 
the second branch of White r., which affords 
water power. 

East Randolph, p-o., Randolph t., Norfolk 
CO., Mass., 14 s. Boston. 

East Raymond, p-o., Raymond t., Cumber- 
land CO., Me., 62 s. w. Augusta, 565 W. 

East Readfikld, p-o., Readfield t., Kennebec 
CO., Me., 8 w. Augusta, 602 W. 

East River, N. Y.,is a strait connecting Long 
Island with the harbor of New York, and, through 
the Narrows, with the Atlantic. It contains seve- 
ral islands, and the pa.ss called "Hell Gate," 
between Great Bam island and Long Island, 7 
N. E. of New York. There is little propriety 'in 
denominating it a river. 

East Rochester, p-o., Columbiana co., O 
144 E. N. e. Columbus, 296 W. 

T.T^^"',.^^"''*''^'^' P-<>' Rodman t., Jefferson co., 
N. Y., 158 N. w. Albany, 414 W. 

East Rockiull, t., Bucks co., Pa., 33 n. n w 
Philadelphia. The surface is liilly ; soil, gravellv 
Pop. 551. ■^ ■ 

East Roxbury, p-o., Roxbury t., Washington 
CO., Vt., 15 s. Montpelier, 502 W. ^ 



East Rumford, p-o., Rumford t., Oxford co., 
Me., 45 w. N. w. Augusta, 617 W. 

East Rupert, p-o., Rupert t., Bennington co., 
Vt, 93 s. s. w. Montpelier, 437 W. 

East St. Albans, p-o., St. Albans t., Somerset 
CO., Me., 57 N. n. e. Augusta, 652 W. 

East Salem, p-o., Salem t., Washington co., 
N. Y., 47 N. e. Albany, 417 W. 

East Salisbury, p-v., Salisbury t., Essex cc, 
Mass., 40 N. N. E. Boston, 480 W. 

East Sanbornton, p-v., Sanbornton t., Bel- 
knap CO., N. H., 21 N. Concord, 502 W. 

East Sandlake, p-o.. Sand Lake t., Rensse- 
laer CO., N. Y., 19 E. Albany, 389 W. 

East Sandwich, p-v.. Sandwich t., Barnsta- 
ble CO., Mass., 64 s. s. e. Boston, 465 W. 

East Sangerville, p-o., Sangerville t., Pis- 
catiquis cc. Me., 81 n. n. e. Augusta, 676 W. 

East Schuyler, p-o., Schuyler t., Herkimer 
cc, N. Y., 84 N. N. w. Albany, "396 W. 

East Sheffield, p-o., Sheffield t., Berkshire 
CO., Mass., 144 w. s. w. Boston, 346 W. 

East Sheldon, p-c, Sheldon t., Franklin co., 
Vt., 63 N. N. w. Montpelier, 551 W. 

East Smithfield, p-o., Bradford cc, Pa., 151 
N. Harrisburg, 261 W. 

East Solon, p-o., Solon t., Cortland co., N. 
Y., 131 w. Albany, 330 W. 

East Springfield, p-o., Springfield t., Otsego 
CO., N. Y., 59 w. Albany, 377 W. 

East Standish, p-o., Standish t., Cumberland 
CO., Me., 58 s. w. Augusta, 542 W. 

East Sterling, p-o.. Sterling t., Wayne cc. 
Pa., 147 n. e. HarrLsburg, 241 W. 

East Stoughton, p-c, Stoughton t., Norfolk 
CO., Mass., 19 s. Boston, 441 W. 

East Sugar Loaf, p-o., Sugar Loaf t., Lu- 
zerne CO., Pa., 112 N. E. Harrisburg, 220 W. 

East Sumner, p-c, Sumner t., Oxford co.. 
Me., 37 w. Augusta, 603 W. 

East S wanton, p-o., Swanton t., Franklin co., 
Vt., 67 N. N. w. Montpelier, 541 W. 

East Thomaston, p-v., Thomaston t., Lincoln 
CO., Me., 46 s. e. Augusta, 623 W'. 

Eastown, t., Chester co.. Pa., 16 w. n. w. 
Philadelphia. The surface is gently uneven ; 
soil, sandy loam. Drained by Darby cr. It has 
3 stores, cap. $4,500 ; 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $1,100. 3 sch. 164 scholars. Pop. 
673. 

East Townsend, p-c, Townsend t., Huron 
CO., O., 106 N. Columbus, 389 W. Situated a few 
miles K. of Norwalk. 

East Trenton, p-c, Trenton t., Hancock cc. 
Me., 98 E. Augusta, 680 W. 

East Troy, p-v., Walworth co., Wis., 79 s. K. 
Madison, 810 W. 

East Turner, p-o.. Turner t., Oxford co.. Me., 
26 w. s. w. Augusta, 587 W. 

East Union, p-t., Wayne cc, O., 101 n. e. 
Columbus, 336 W. Situated a few miles e. of 
Wooster. Pop. 1,864. 

East Unity, p-v.. Unity t., Sullivan co., N., 
H., 44 w. Concord, 476 W. 

East Vassalborough, p-o., Vassalboro' t., 
Kennebec co., Me., 15 n. e. Augusta, 610 W. 

East View, p-o., Bledsoe co., Tenn., 108 e. s. 
E. Nashville, 593 W. 

East Virgil, p-o., Virgil t., Cortland co., N. 
Y., 155 w. Albany, 314 W. 

East Vincent, t., Chester co.. Pa. It has 6 
stores, cap. $11,700 ; 1 lumber yard, cap. $3,000; 
1 paper fac, 4 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $6,305. "6 sch. 210 scholars. Pop. 1,194. 

Eastville, p-v., capital, Northampton co.,Va., 
151 E. Richmond, 238 W. Situated on the s. side 
of King's cr., a small stream which enters, by a 



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considerable estuary, into Chesapeake bay. It 
contains a court house. 

Eastville, p-v., Randolph co., Ala., 170 e. 
Tuscaloosa, 741 W. 

East Wareham, p-v., Wareham t., Plymouth 
CO., Mass., 56 s. Boston, 449 W. 

East Washington, p-v., Washington t., Sul- 
livan CO., N. H. 

East Waterford, p-v.. Lack t., Juniata co., 
Pa., 54 N. w. Harrisburg, 130 W. Situated on 
Tuscarora cr. 

East Weare, p-v., Weare t., Hillsboro' co., 
N. H., 10 s. w. Concord, 479 W. 

East Weymouth, p-v., Weymouth t., Norfolk 
CO., Mass., 15 s. by e. Boston, 449 W. 

East Whateley, p-v., Whateley t, Franklin 
CO., Mass., 91 w. by n. Boston, 390 W. 

East Whiteland, t., Chester co.. Pa., 20 n. 
w. Philadelphia. The surface is level ; soil, a 
fertile calcareous loam, well cultivated. It has 4 
stores, cap. $16,000 ; 1 lumber yard, cap. $3,000; 
2 tanneries, 2 flouring m., 1 grist m., 2 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $12,250. 1 acad. 21 students, 
4 sch. 160 scholars. Pop. 1,208. 

East Williamstown, p-o., Williamsto\vn t.. 
Orange co., Vt., 12 s. by e. Montpelier, 514 W. 

East Wilton, p-o., Wilton t., Franklin co.. 
Me., 37 N. w. Augusta, 615 W. 

East Wilton, p-o., Wilton t., Hillsboro' co., 
N. H., 38 s. s. w. Concord, 456 W. 

East Windsor, p-t., Hartford co., Ct., 7 n. e. 
Hartford, 343 W. Situated on the e. side of Con- 
necticut r. The surface is level ; soil, sandy or 
gravelly loam. The meadows on the r. comprise 
more than 2,0!)0 acres, of great fertility. The e. 
and N. parts of the t. produce excellent rye. The 
v. is on a single, very extended street, a mile 
hack from the r., running parallel with it. Scantic 
r. runs through the n. part of the t. It contains 
7 churches — 2 Congregational, 2 Methodist, 1 
Episcopal, and 1 Baptist. Here is located the 
'• Theological Institute of Connecticut," under 
the direction of the Congregationalists, to which 
is atiached a farm of 60 acres, and a workshop 
furnished with tools, for manual labor. It was 
founded in 1834, has 3 professors, 39 students, 
(37 have completed their theological education,) 
and has a library of 4,000 volumes. The build- 
ing is of brick, 4 stories high. There are in the 
t. 13 stores, cap. $26,^^00 ; 5 fulling m., 3 woollen 
fac, 4 distilleries, 1 paper fac, 4 grist m., 5 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $129,300. 1 college, 39 
students, 4 acad. 106 students, 22 sch. 962 schol- 
ars. Pop. 3,600. 

East Windsor Hill, p-o., East Windsor t., 
Hartford co., Ct., 11 n. e. Hartford, 347 W. 

East Windsor, t., Mercer co., N. J., 20 s. w. 
New Brimswick. The surface is level ; soil, 
sandy and gravelly loam, and not very fertile. 
Drained by Millstone r. in the n. e., and Assun- 
pink and Miry run in the s. w. It contains 
Hightstown and several other villages. It has 4 
stores, cap. $8,100; 1 tannery, 2 distilleries, 3 
grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $15,965. 
6 sch. 167 scholars. Pop. 1,989. 

East WiNTHRop, p-o., Winthrop t., Kennebec 
CO., Me., 6 w. Augusta, 600 W. 

East Worcester, p-v., Worcester t., Otsego 
CO., N. Y., 53 Albany, 375 W. It contains 1 
Baptist and 1 ]\Iethodist church, 3 stores, 1 grist 
m., 1 saw m., 1 fulling m., 25 dwellings, and 
about 150 inhabitants. 

Eaton, county, Mich. Centrally situated in 
the settled part of the peninsula, and contains 
576 sq. ms. Organized in 1837. Watered by 
Grand and Thornapple rivers, and Battle creeli. 
The surface is imdulaling, and the soil very fer- 



tile. It has quarries of sandstone and limestone. 
Capital, Charlotte. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 2,102, sheep 103, swine 3,188 ; wheat 
15,896 bush, produced, Ind. com 14,492, oats 
11,209, potatoes 22,913, sugar 74,849 pounds; 4 
stores, cap. $9,500; 2 lumber yards, cap. $1,000; 
3 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. La manufac. $20,000. 
Pop. 2,379. 

Eato.v, p-t., Carroll co., N. H., 62 n. by e. 
Concord, 546 W. The surface is in part uneven, 
and moderately good. Pine grows on the plains, 
on light land. Chartered in 1776. Iron ore is 
found. It has several considerable ponds, the 
outlet of several of which forms Pigwacket river, 
flowing into Swift r., on the n., and a larger one 
on the s., which flows into Ossipee lake. There 
are 4 stores, cap. $2,500 ; 4 grist m., 4 saw m., 18 
sch. 748 scholars. Pop. 1,710. 

Eaton, p-t., Madison co., N. Y., 103 w. by n. 
Albany, 359 W. The surface is rolling ; soil, a 
fertile gravelly loam and clay. Drained by tlie 
head waters of C'henango r. It contains the vil- 
lage of Morrisville, the capital of the co. Another 
v., of its own name, contains 1 Presbyterian and 

1 Baptist church, 5 stores, 1 woollen fac, 1 cot- 
ton fac, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 distillery, 1 fur- 
nace, 1 tannery, 1 scythe fac , 100 dwellings, 
and about 600 inhabitants. There are in the t. 
13 stores, cap. $47,820 ; 2 fulling m., 4 woollen 
fac, 2 cotton fac. 744 sp., 2 furnaces, 4 tanneries, 

2 distilleries, 1 printing oflice, 1 weeldy newspa- 
per, 2 grist m., 11 saw m. Cap. in manufactures 
$94,550. 2 acad. 79 scholars, 24 sch. 1,031 schol- 
ars. Pop. 3,409. 

Eaton, p-t., Wyoming co.. Pa., 143 n. e. by n. 
Harrisburg, 251 W. The surface is hilly and 
mountainous, lying on the Alleghany range. The 
soil is moderately fertile. Bowman's cr. flows 
through it into the Susquehanna, wMch bounds 
it on the E. and n. e. An eminence, called 
the Knob, on Susquehanna river, rises 1,150 
feet above the surface of the r. It has 2 full- 
ing m., 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Capital in man- 
ufactures $82,100. 5 sch. 169 scholars. Pop. 
782. 

Eaton, p-v., capital of Preble co., O., 94 w. 
Columbus, 487 W. It is pleasantly situated on 
the e. side of St. Clair's or Seven Mile cr., which 
here has a fall of 20 feet in 80 rods, affording 
good water power. It contains a court house, 
jail, 3 public offices, 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 
1 Methodist, and 1 common to various denomina- 
tions — 15 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 lulling m., 
1 carding machine, 2 tanneries, 1 printing office, 
about 150 dwellings, and 1,000 inhabitants. 

Eaton, p-t., Eaton co., Mich., 110 w. by n. 
Detroit, 580 W. The soil is fertile, adapted to 
grain. It has 1 store, cap. $3,(X)0 ; 1 grist m., 4 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,500. Pop. 868. 

Eaton, t., Lorain co., O., 4 s. E. Elyria, is a 
respectable farming t. It has 5 sch. 146 scholars. 
Pop. 764. 

Eaton, p-v., Gibson co., Tenn., 142 w. Nash- 
ville, 825 W. Situated on the e. side of Forked 
Deer r. 

Eaton, p-v.. La Fayette co., Miss., 176 n. by 
E. .lackson,927W. 

Eaton Rapids, p-o., Eaton co., Mich., 106 vv. 
by N. Detroit, 576 W. 

Eatonton, or Eaton C. H., p-v., capital of 
Putnam co., Ga., 71 n. w. Milledgeville, 627 W. 
It contahis a court house, jail, 1 church, 2 acad., 
8 stores, 65 dwellings, and about 800 inhtibitants. 

Eatontown, p-v., Shrevv.sbury t., 3Ionmouilj 
CO., N. J., 47 E. Trenton, 213 W. Situated on a 
branch of Swimming r., and contains 1 Presbyte- 
rian church, an academy, 6 stores, 1 grist m., and 



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about 30 or 40 dwellings. It is surrounded by a 
pleasant and fertile country. 

Eatonville, p-v., Herkimer t., Herkimer cc, 
N. Y., 75 w. N. w. Albany, 394 W. 

Eavesville, p-o., Lincoln co., N. C. 

Ebenezer, p-v., Rutherford cc, N. C, 213 w. 
by s. Raleigh, 450 W. 

Ebenezer, p-o., Morgan co., Ga., 51 n. n. w. 
Milledgeville, 635 W. 

Ebenezer, v., Effingham co., Ga. It is situ- 
ated on the w. side of Savannah r., about 25 ms. 
N. of Savannah. It has a large house of worship, 
and a few dwellings, much dilapidated. 

Ebenezerville, p-v., York dist., S. C, 84 n. 
Columbia, 442 W. 

Ebensburg, p-b., capital, Cambria co.. Pa., 139 
w. by N. Harrisburg, 182 W. It has an elevated 
and commanding situation on the Alleghany 
mountains. It contains a brick court house and 
county offices, 3 churches — I Presbyterian, 1 
Congregational, and 1 Roman Catholic — 1 acad- 
emy, of brick, and 7 stores. It has 2 sch. 80 
scholars. Pop. 353. 

EcKFORD, p-t., Calhoun co., Mich., 101 w. De- 
troit, 562 W. It has a fertile soil, adapted to 
grain, and contains 1 saw m., 9 sch. 182 scholars. 
Pop. 555 

EcK.MANSviLLE, p-v., Adams CO., O., 100 s. by 
w. Columbus, 455 W. 

Economy, p-t., Beaver co.. Pa., 217 w. by n. 
Harrisburg, 243 W. Situated on the e. side of 
Ohio r. This singular settlement consists of Ger- 
mans from Svvabia, who, after two removals, have 
settled down in tliis place. The v. is regularly 
laid out on 2 streets, parallel to the river, and 4 
crossing them at right angles, and contains an 
elegant church, a woollen and cotton factory, of 
brick, 1 store, a steam saw m., of brick, a distil- 
lery, a tannery, a concert hall, museum of natu- 
ral curiosities and minerals, a mathematical 
drawing school and library, 100 dwellmgs, and 
500 inhabitants. They hold then- property in 
common, and were founded by Mr. George 
Rapp, who acted as patriarch and priest of the 
colony. There are in the t. 4 stores, cap. $7,500 ; 

1 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 1,600 sp., 1 tannery, 

2 distilleries, 1 brewery, 3 grist m., 4 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $72,050. 4 sch. 145 scholars. 
Pop. 1,283. 

Economy, p-o., Wayne co., la., 76 e. Indian- 
apolis, 521 W. 

Ecorce, p-t., WajTie co., Mich. It has 1 saw 
m., 3 sch. 114 scholars. Pop. 738. 

Eddington, p-t., Penobscot co., Me., 6 n. e. 
Bangor, 73 e. n. e. Augusta, 663 W. Penobscot 
r. flows on its n. w. border. The soil is fertile, 
adapted to grain. It has a v. pleasantly situated 
on the Penobscot. It has 1 fulling m., 5 saw m. 
Cap. m manufac. $8,000. 261 scholars in schools. 
Pop. 595. 

Eddyville, p-v., Caldwell co., Ky., 237 w. s. 
w Frankfort, 769 W. It is situated on the e. 
side of Cumberland r. 

Eddyville, v., Kingston t., Ulster co., N. Y. 
feituated on the n. side of Rondout r., which af- 
fords good water power, at the head of tide water. 
It coniams 1 church, 4 stores, 3 freighting estab- 
bshments 1 cotton fac, 2 hydraulic cement m., 1 
!m •"".' ^fy'^woo'l m-' 50 dwellings, and about 
400 mhabitants. It has 20 sloops enga-red in 
transportation. The Delaware and Hiids^on ca- 
nal terminates at this place. 

Eddytown, v., Starkie V,., Yates co., N Y 
contains 1 Presbyterian church, 3 stores, I'tanI 
Tiery, 30 dwellings, and about 150 inhabitants 

fiR^w"' ^'-V V''?-"'^^ ''°-' ^^""-^ '"1 ^- Augusta, 
68J W. Situated m the n. part of Mount Desert 



island. Organized in 1795. It is surrounded on 

3 sides by P renchman's bay, and Mount Desert 
sound, and has fine harbors. Several islands lie 
at the entrance of the sound, the largest of which 
is Cranberry island, so called from the abun- 
dance of that fruit which it yields. The soil of 
the t. is fertile, and the inhabitants are exten- 
sively engaged in the fisheries. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $3,000 ; 2 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $1,100. 12 sch. 456 scholars. Pop. 1,054. 

Eden, p-t., Lamoille co., Vt., 45 n. Montpe- 
lier, 559 W. Chartered in 1781, and given to 
Col. Seth Warner, and his associates, officers 
and soldiers of the revolutionary war. Watered 
by branches of Lamoille r., wliicli afford water 
power. It has a pond 2 miles long. The surface 
is mountainous ; soil well adapted to grazing. It 
has I store, cap. $3,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 grist m., 

4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,800. 8 sch. 211 
scholars. Pop. 703. 

Eden, p-t.,JErie co., N. Y., 14 s. Buffalo, 306 
w. Albany, 370 W. The surface is undulating ; 
soil, a fertile gravelly loam and clay. Drained by 
Cauquaga and Big Two Sisters creeks, which 
flow into Lake Erie. It has 3 stores, cap. $4,250 ; 
1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $5,50Q 7 sch. 224 scholars. Pop. 
2,174. 

Ede.\, p-o., Venango co.. Pa., 192 w. n. w 
Harrisburg, 281 W. 

Eden, p-o., Trumbull co., O. 

Eden, t.. Licking co., O. Pop. 853. 

Eden, t., Seneca co., O., 8 s. Tiffin. It is sit- 
uated on Honey cr. It has 5 stores, cap. $2,760 ; 
1 distillery, 1 pottery, 3 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $2,025. 9 sch. 293 scholars. Pop. 
1,471. 

Eden, p-o., Laurens dist., S. C. 

Eden, p-o., Effingham co., Ga., 133 e. s. e 
Milledgeville, 680 W. 

Eden, po., Hancock co., la., 23 e. Indianapo- 
lis, 559 W. 

Eden, p-o., Lawrence co., HI., 149 s. e. Spring- 
field, 715 W. 

Eden, t.. La Grange co., la. It has 1 sch. 40 
scholars. Pop. 277. 

Eden's Ridge, p-o., Sullivan co., Tenn., 279 
E. Nashville, 403 W. 

Edento.n, p-v., capital of Chowan co., N. C, 
66 s. Norfolk, 182 e. by n. Raleigh, 274 W. 
Situated near the mouth of Chowan r., at the 
head of Edenton bay, which sets up from Albe- 
marle sound. It contains an elegant court house, 
a jail, 2 churches, a bank, an academy, and a 
printing office. Considerable sliipping is owned 
here. 

Edenville, p-v., Warwick t.. Orange co., N. 
Y., 119 s. by w. Albany, 267 W. It contains 1 
Methodist church, 2 stores, 25 dwellings, and 
about 150 inhabitants. 

Edgar, county, 111. Situated in the e. part of 
the state, and contains 600 sq. ms. Drained by 
Big, Brulette's, and Clear creeks, and Little Em- 
barrass r. The soil is generally fertile. Capi- 
tal, Paris. There, were in 1840, neat cattle 
11,627, sheep 10,554, swine 27,557 ; wheat 40,870 
bush, produced, rye 2,346, Indian corn 547,433, 
oats 1 13,848, potatoes 22,058, sugar 40,465 pounds ; 
16 stores, cap. $56,300 ; 8 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 
9 grist m., 9 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly 
newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $26,049. Pop. 
8,225. 

Edgarton, p-t., port of entry, capital of Dukes 
CO., Ms., 97 s. s. E. Boston, 979 W. Situated on 
the E. part of Martha's Vineyard. The surface 
is mostly level, with a few elevations. The v. 
is pleasantly situated on the w. side of the har. 



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193 



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bor, and contains a court house, and 3 churches 
— 1 Congregational, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist. 
The harbor is safe aud excellent. It has 7 whale 
sliips, 2 schooners, and 8 or 10 sloops. There are 
in the t. 21 stores, cap. $30,400; 1 lumber yard, 
cap. .94,000. Cap. in manufac. $54,000. 1 acad. 
30 students, 13 sch. 5S8 scholars. Pop. 1,736. 

Edgecomb, p-t., Lincoln co., Me., 32 s. s. e. 
Augusta, 593 W. It is situated between Dama- 
riscotta r. on the e., and Sheepscot r. on the w., 
and lies opposite t(j \^'iscasset, which is situated 
at the mouth of the Sheepscot. It has considera- 
ble navigation employed in the coasting trade 
and the fisheries. Ship building is a considera- 
ble business. It has 3 stores, cap. $2,500 ; 1 full- 
ing ra., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $4,800 ; 4 sch. 541 scholars. Popula- 
tion, 1,233. 

Edgecombe, county, N. C. Situated cen- 
trally toward the E. part of the state, and con- 
tains 650 sq. ms. Neuse r. runs on its s. w. bor- 
der. Watered by Tar r. and its branches. The 
surface is level ; soil, moderately fertile. Capi- 
tal, Tarboro. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
6,380, swine 37,521 ; wheat 14,295 bush, pro- 
duced, rye 3,200, Ind. corn 715,660, oats 27,280, 
potatoes 86,500, cotton 2,445,000 poimds ; 15 
store,s, cap. $8,500 ; 1 cotton fac. 1,100 sp., 86 dis- 
tilleries, 1 flouring ra., 9 grist m., 7 saw m., 1 
printing office, 1 periodical, 1 weekly newspaper. 
Cap. in manufac. $65,250. 1 acad. 28 students, 
13 sch. 285 scholars. Pop. wliites 7,915, slaves 
7,439, free col'd 35 i; total, 15,708. 

Edgecomb's Corners, p-c, Galway t, Sara- 
toga CO., N. \". 

Edgefield, dist, S. C. Situated in the w. 

fiart of the state, and contains 1,680 .sq. ms. Sa- 
uda r. runs on its n. e. border, and Savannah r. 
on its s. w. Drained by Little Saluda r. and 
Stephens' cr. The surface is moderately un- 
even ; soil not very fertile, but well adapted to 
cotton, of which it produces annually 35,000 
bales. Capital, Edgefield. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 36,339, sheep 15,324, swine 62,184 ; 
wheat 40,295 bush, produced, rye 3,023, Ind. 
corn 1,068,521, oats 120,384, potatoes 62,069, cot- 
ton 7,613,125 pounds; 6 commercial and com. 
houses, cap. $26,000 ; 39 stores, cap. $205,500 ; 
1 cotton fac. 2,000 sp., 8 tanneries, 80 grist m., 52 
saw m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. 
Cap. in manufac. $127,175. 1 acad. 65 students, 
5 sch. 152 scholars. Pop. whites 15,020, slaves 
17,538, free col'd 294 ; total, 32,852. 

Edgefield, C. H., p-v., capital of Edgefield 
dist., S. C, 140 N. w. Charleston, 55 w. s. w. 
t-olumbia, 554 W. It cojitains a court house, 3 
churches — 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist 
— 2 academies, 6 stores, and about 1,200 inhabi- 
tants. 

Edgemont, p-t., Delaware co.. Pa., 87 e. s. e. 
Ilarrisburg, 129 W. The surface is liilly ; soil, 
loam. Watered by Ridley cr. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $10,500 ; 1 cotton fac, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $500. 4 sch. 114 scholars. 
Pop. 713 

Edin.\, p-v., capital, Scotland co.. Mo. Situ- 
ated on the w. side of the South Fabius r., 30 ms. 
N. Shelbyville. 

Edixburg, p-b., Erie co., Pa., 253 n. w. Har- 
risburg, 326 W. Pop. 232. 

Edinburg, p-t., Saratoga co., N. Y., 52 n. 
Albany, 420 W. The surface is mountainous on 
the e., undulating on the w. Watered by Sa- 
condaga r., along which are fertile alluvial flats. 
It has 4 stores, cap. $8,000; 1 fulling m., 1 tan- 
nery, 3 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$8,200. 12 sch. 467 scholars. Pop. 1,458. 



Edinburg, p-v., Mahoning t., Mercer co.. Pa., 
242 w. N. w. Harrisburg, 280 W. It contains 2 
stores, 1 grist m., and 12 or 15 dwellings. 

Edinburg, p-t.. Portage co,, O., 146 N. E. Co- 
lumbus, 315 W. The soil is fertile, and adapted 
to grazing. Organized in 1819. It has 2 church- 
es, and 2 stores. It has 10 sch. 383 scholars. 
Pop. 1,085. 

Edinburg, p-v., Johnson co., la., 30 s. Indian- 
apolis, 581 W. Situated at the junction of Blue 
r. and Sugar cr., branches of the e. fork of White 
river. 

Edinburg, p-o., Scotland co.. Mo. 

Edinburg, p-v., Leake co., Miss., 71 n. e. 
Jackson, 947 W. 

Edinburg, p-v., capital, Jones co., Iowa. Sit- 
uated on a small branch of Mineral or., which 
flows into Makoqueta r. 

Edinburg, t., Penobscot co., Me. Incorpora- 
ted in 1835. Bounded e. by Penobscot r. It has 
a considerable pond in tlie n. w. part, the outlet 
of which flows across it into the Penobscot. It 
has 1 sch. 23 scholars. Pop. 52. 

Edisto, r., S. C, rises in 2 main branches 
called North Edisto and South Edisto, in Edge- 
field dist., and pursues a s. e. course into Colle- 
ton di.st., where it turns to the s. and enters the 
Atlantic by two branches, which form a large 
island, called Edisto island. This island is 12 
miles long, and from 1 to 5 broad, and contauis 
2 churches — 1 Presbyterian and 1 Episcopal. 
Edisto r. is navigable for large boats 100 ms. 

Edmeston, p-t., Otsego co., N. Y., 15 w. 
Cooperstown, 89 w. Albany, 355 W. The sur- 
face is hilly ; soil, sandy loam. Drained by 
Wharton's cr. and Unadilla r., by which it is 
bounded w. The v. contains 1 store, 1 grist m., 
and 8 or 10 dwellings. There are in the t. 6 
stores, cap. $10,500; 3 fulling m., 5 tanneries, 2 
grist m., 11 saw. Cap. in manufac. $29,175. 14 
sch. 63S scholars. Pop. 1,907. 

Edmonds, t., Washington co.. Me. Situated 
on Cobscook bay, which bounds it on the e. It 
has 3 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $2,500. 4 sch. 
113 scholars. Pop. 259. 

Edmond.s, p-o., Brunswick co., Va., 88 s. Rich- 
mond, 204 W. 

Edmonson, county, Ky. Situated centrally, 
w. of the middle of the state, and contains 250 
sq. ms. Watered by Green r. and its branche.s, 
Nolin cr., and Bear cr. The soil is fertile. Capi- 
tal, Brownsville. There were in 1840, neat cat- 
tle 2,170, sheep 3,131, swine 7,420; wiieat 6,733 
bush, produced, Ind. corn 57,050, buckwheat 
3,495, oats 24,780, potatoes 1,215, tobacco 94,122 
poinids, cotton 2,525, sugar 2,060 ; 2 tanneries, 3 
distilleries, 4 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. ftl,150. Pop. whites 2,579, slaves 334, free 
col'd 1 ; total, 2,914. 

Edneyville, p-o.. Buncombe co., N. C, 257 
w. Raleigh, 499 W. 

Edsallville, p-o., Bradford co., Pa., 161 n. 
Harrisburg, 26S W. 

Edw.irds, county. 111. Situated toward the 
s. e. part of the state, and contains 200 sq. ms. 
The surface is undulating ; soil, fertile. Water- 
ed by Little Wabash r. and Bon Pas cr., which 
forms its E. boundary. Capital, Albion. There 
were in 1810, neat cattle 5,145, sheep 3,933, 
swine 9,734 ; wheat 10,852 bush, produced, Ind. 
corn 139,589, oats 26,733, potatoes 8,746; 10 
stores, cap. $43,550 ; 1 distillery, 1 brewery, 2 
flouring m., 4 grist m., 2 saw m., 2 oil m. Cap. 
in manufac. $11,125. 4 sch. 87 scholars. Pop. 
3,070. 

Edwards, p-t., St. Lawretiee co., N. Y., 184 
N. N. w. Albany, 468 W. The surface is un- 



EGG 



194 



ELD 



even ; soil, day loam, well adapted to grass. 
Drained by Oswegatchie r. It has 3 stores, cap. 
$(>,000 ; 1 furnace, I forge, 2 grist m., 3 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $7,500. 4 sch. 140 scholars. 
Pop. 956. 

Edwardsburg, p-v., Ontwa t., Cass co., Mich., 
172 w. s. w. Detroit, 617 W. Situated on 
Beardsley's lake, and contains 4 stores. A prai- 
rie stretches to the s. w. It is pleasantly situated 
and flourishing. 

Edwardsport, p-v., Knox co., la., 105 s. w. 
Indianapolis, 672 W. 

Edwaud-sville, p-o., Edwards t., St. Law- 
rence CO., N. Y. 

Edwardsville, p-v., Salem t., Warren co., 
Ohio. 

Edwardsville, p-v., capital, Madison co.. 111., 
12 s. E. Alton, 74 s. by w. Springfield, 794 W. 
It contains a court house and jail, a U. S. land 
oflice, 2 churches — 1 Baptist and 1 Methodist — 
an academy, 7 stores, a castor oil fac, and about 
70 or 80 dwellings. It has an elevated and plea- 
sant station, in the midst of a fertile country. 

Eel, r., la., rises in Hendricks co., and after a 
winding course, falls into White r., at Point Com- 
merce, in Greene co. 

Eel River, p-o., Plymouth co., Ms., 42 s. s. e. 
Boston, 450 W. 

Eel River, p-o., Allen co., la., 143 n. n. e. 
Indianapolis, 556 W. 

Effingham, county, Ga. Situated in the s. 
E. part of the state, and contains 396 sq. ms. Sa- 
vannah r. runs on its e. boundary. Capital, 
Springfield. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
6,931, sheep 2,153, swine 6,943; wheat 1,222 
bush, produced, Ind. corn 54,830, potatoes 20,459, 
rice 69,313 pounds, cotton 240,603, sugar 3,670 ; 
4 stores, cap. $7,690 ; 1 acad. 30 students. Pop. 
whites 2,924, slaves 1,433, free col'd 9 ; total, 
3,075. 

Effingham, county. 111. Situated a little s. e. 
of the centre of the state, and contains 4S6 sq. 
ms. The surface is slightly undulating; soil, 
moderately good. Drained by Little Wabash r. 
and its tributaries, on which the land is rich, but 
liable to occasional inundation. Capital, Ewing- 
ton. Tliere were in 1840, neat cattle 1,334, sheep 
678, swine 3,296 ; wheat 1,499 bush, produced, 
Ind. corn 55,800, oats 1,755, potatoes 1,797, sugar 
2,000 pounds ; 5 stores, cap. $6,500 ; 1 distillery, 
1 brewery, 5 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $3,500. Pop. 1,675. 

Effingham, p-t., Carroll co., N. H., 62 n. n. e. 
Concord, 540 W. A large pond lies on its n. 
border, the outlet of wliich Ibrms Great Ossipee 
r. Providence pond in the s. e. part, discharges 
its waters through the t. into Great Ossipee r. 
Ossipee lake lies near its n. w. border. The 
surface is uneven, and the soil various. Incor- 
porated in 1778. It has 4 stores, cap. $4,900 ; 2 
fulling m., 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. 

12,r"'^""'"'^<=- ®^'™0 ; 1 acad. 100 students, 9 sch. 
377 scholars. Pop. 1,195. 

Effingham, p-v., Darlmgton dist., S. C, 133 
E. N. E. Columbia, 473 W. 

Egg Harbor, Great, river and bay N J 
The r rises in Gloucester t. and co., and flows 
45 miles, into Great Egg Harbor bay, which is 
about 5 ms. long, and from i to 4 ms. broad The 
mer IS navigable for sloops over 25 ms.' above 
May s landing, below which it flows throueh a 
marsh. = 

Egg Harbor, Little, bay and river N J 
The r. rises in Burlington and Gloucester counties 
and flows to the bay. It is navigable 25 miles' 
and IS approached through New Inlet, which h- ' 
a depth of water of from 15 to 18 feet 



Egg Harbor, Great, t., Atlantic co., N. J.. 
48 s. E. Woodbury. The surface is level. A 
marsh extends several miles from the shoi-e, back 
of which the soil is sandy, and covered with pine 
forest. It contains the villages of Bargaintowri 
and Somers' Point. It has 10 stores, cap. $10,600 ; 
3 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manulac. $9,800. 
10 sch. 810 scholars. Pop. 2,739. 

Egg Harbor, Little, t., Burlington co^ N. 
J., 35 s. E. Mount Holly. The surface is level ; 
soil, gravel and sand. In the n. part are plains, 
covered with low pines and shrub oaks, in whic:h 
deer and grouse are found. Drained by Bass r. 
and other branches of Little Egg Harbor r. It 
contains the v. of Tuckerton. There are in the 
t., 7 stores, cap. $17,000 ; 1 grist ra., 1 saw mill. 
Cap. in manufac. $6,800. 7 sch. 285 scholars. 
Pop. 1,875. 

Egremoxt, t., Berkshire co., Mass. Tlie sur- 
face is mountainous. Watered by branches of 
Housatonic r. Incorporated in 1778. It has 5 
stores, cap. $2,000; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 3 
grist m., 6 saw ra., 1 acad. 18 students, 5 sch. 230 
scholars. Pop. 1,038. 

Egypt, p-o., Perrington t., Monroe co., N. Y., 
207 w. by N. Albany, 361 W. 

Egypt, p-o., Monroe co., Va., 261 w. Rich- 
mond, 298 W. 

Egypt, p-o., Fayette co., Tenn., 194 s. w. by 
w. Nashville, 879 W. 

Elamsville, p-v., Patrick co., Va., 216 w. s. 
w. Richmond, 291 W. 

Elba, p-t., Genesee co., N. Y., 7 n. Batavia, 
255 w. Albany, 330 W. The surface is undulat- 
ing ; soil, sandy and gravelly loam. Drained by 
Oak Orchard cr. It has 6 stores, cap. $31,500 ; 

1 lumber yard, cap. $100; 3 fulling m., 1 woollen 
fac, 2 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 1 flouring m., 3 grist 
m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $60,710. 16 sch. 
591 scholars. Pop. 3,161. 

Elba, p-o., Washtenaw co., Mich., 59 w. De- 
troit, 535 W. 

Elba, t., Lapeer co., Mich. It has 1 grist m., 

2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,700. Pop. 101. 
Elbert, county, Ga. Situated in the n. e. 

part of the state, and contains 560 sq. ms. Sa- 
vannah r. runs on its n. e. border, and Broad r. 
on ils s. w. boundary. The surface is hilly ; soil, 
productive red loam, in the s. part. Capital, El- 
berton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 9,431, 
sheep 5,988, swine 19,226 ; wheat 27,631 bush, 
produced, Ind. corn 294,423, oats 35,501, potatoes 
10,778, silk cocoons 100 pounds, cotton 1,692,848 ; 
18 stores, cap. $77,750 ; 7 flouring m., 19 grist m., 
8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $36,740. 4 acad. 
107 students, fa sch. 146 scholars. Pop. whites 
6,077, slaves 4,975, free col'd 73; total, 11,125. 

Elberton, p-v., capital of Elbert co., Ga., Ill 
N.N E. Milledgeville, 563 W. It contains a court 
house, jail, 1 church, 2 academies, several stores, 
and 21 dwellings. 

Elbridge, p-t., Onondaga co., N. Y., 13 w. 
Syracuse, 149 w. by N. Albany, 347 W. The 
surface is moderately uneven ; soil, fertile. Wa- 
tered by the outlet of Skaneateles lake, whicb 
flows N. into Seneca r. The Erie canal passes 
through the n. part, and the Utica and Albany 
railroad its s. part. It has 23 stores, cap. $63,400 ; 
2 lumber yards, cap. $1,700 ; 1 fulling m., 3 tan- 
neries, 1 distillery, 1 grist m., 10 saw m., 1 oil m. 
Cap. in manufac. $230,285. 1 acad. 300 students, 
17 sch. 1,017 scholars. Pop. 4,647. 

Elbridge, p-o., Edgar co.. 111., 123 E. Spring- 
field, 655 W. 

Elder Branch, p-o., Wilkes co., N. C, 162 
w. by n. Raleigh, 369 W. 

Eldersville, p-v.. Cross Creek t., Washing- 



ELI 



195 



ELI 



ton CO., Pa., 231 w. JlarriKburg, 25 1 W. It con- 
tains about half a dozen houses. 

Elderton, p-v., Phimb Creek t., Armstrong 
CO., Pa., 168 vv. N. w. Harrisburg, '222 W. It 
contains 2 stores, and about 30 dwelUngs. 
El Dor.\do, p-o., Clark co., Mo. 
Eldred, p-o., Wayne co., Pa., 180 n. e. Har- 
risbnrg, 277 W. 

Eldred, t., Jefferson co.. Pa. Pop. 395. 
Eldredville, p-o., Lycoming co., Pa., 116 n. 
Harrisbnrg, 226 W. 

Eldridge, p-o., Buckingham co., Va., 71 w. 
Richmond, 149 W. 

Eldridge, p-o., Walker co., Ala., 52 n. Tus- 
caloosa, 819 W. 

Electra, p-o., Monroe co.. Miss., 188 N. E. 
Jackson, 917 W. 

Eleven Points, p-o., Ripley co., Mo., 204 s. 
s. E. Jefferson city, 978 W. 

Eleysville, p-o., Erie co., N. Y., 282 w. Al- 
bany, 386 W. 

Elgin, p-o., Lyndon t., Cattaraugus co., N. Y., 
285 w. by s. Albany, 325 W. 

Elgin, p-v., Kane co., 111., 199 n. n. e. Spring- 
field, 752 W. Situated on the w. side of Fox r. 
It contains 3 churches — 1 Congregational, 1 Bap- 
tist, 1 Methodist — 1 academy, 4 stores, 3 saw m., 
1 grist m., and 300 inhabitants. 

JElimsport, p-o., Lycoming county, Pa., 78 n. 
Harrisburg, 194 W. 

Eliza, p-o., Mercer co., El., 153 n. w. Spring- 
field, 883 W. I 
Elizabeth, t., Essex co., N. J. The soil is 
red shale, clay, loam, and marsh, and fertile. 
Watered lay Boimd and Morss brooks. Large 
quantities of grass are cut on the marsh, chiefly 
for manure. Newark bay and Staten Island 
sound lie on its E. border. It has 22 stores, cap. 
$51,900; 2 lumber yards, cap. 10,000; 2 tanne- 
ries, 3 potteries, 2 printing offices, 1 bindery, 1 
weekly newspaper, 1 gri.st m., 1 saw m., 1 oil m. 
Cap. in manufac. .$297,250. 3 acad. 150 students, 
10 sch. 393 scholars. Pop. 4,184. 

Elizabeth, t., Alleghany co.. Pa. It lies be- 
tween Yougluogheny and Monongahela rivers, 
by branches of which it is watered, and which 
unite at its extreme n. point. The surface is 
hilly ; soil, loam. Coal is found in abundance, 
and can be bought in the pit for half a cent per 
bushel. It has 7 stores, cap. $31,950 ; 1 woollen 
fac, 1 tannery, 2 distill eries, 1 glass house, 6 flour- 
ing ra., 2 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$57,600. 11 sch. 520 scholars. Pop. 3,317. 

Elizabeth, p-v., Elizabeth t., Alleghany co., 
Pa., 14 s. Pittsburg, 192 w. Harrisburg, 218 W. 
Situated on the e. side of the Monongaliela. By 
means of a slack water navigation, steamboats of 
a large class come to this place, and many are 
built here. It contains 2 churches, 6 stores, 1 
glass fac, 1 woollen fac, 1 steam flouring m., 1 
saw m., and numerous mechanics. 

Elizabeth, t., Lancaster co., Pa. Tlie surface 
is hilly ; soil, red shale and gravel. Trout creek 
rims on its e., and Hammer cr. on its w. bounda- 
ry. Traversed by Middle cr. and its tributary, 
yeglock cr. It has 1 church, and contains the v. 
of Brickersville. There are in the t., 1 tannery, 
2 distilleries, 12 gi-ist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $7,000. Pop. 2,049. 

Elizabeth, t., Lawrence co., O. It has 7sch. 
342 scholars. Pop. 1,540. 

Elizabeth, t., Miami co., O. It has 6 sch. 
294 scholars. Pop. 1,381. 

Elizabeth, p-v., (post-office called Jackson- 
ville,) Wood CO., Va., 325 w. by n. Richmond, 304 
W. Situated on the w. bank of Little Kanawha 
r., 25 ms. from its mouth. On the e. side of the 



r., 8 ms. above this place, is a remarkable burn- 
ing spring. 

Elizabeth, p-v., Harrison co., la., 138 s. In- 
dianapolis, 635 W. It is situated 4 ms. n. of the 
Oliio river. It has 3 stores, and about 100 inhabit- 
ants. 

Elizabeth, p-v., capital, Jackson co.. Ark., 
118 N. E. Little Rock, 1,00S W. Situated on the 
E. side of White r. a little below the entrance of 
Big Black r., and at the head of steamboat navi- 
gation. It has a court house and several dwell- 
ings. 

Elizabeth City, county, Va. Situated in 
the E. part of the state, and contains 64 sq. ms. 
It was one of the 8 original shiies, into which Vir- 
ginia was divided in 1634. It has Hampton roads, 
at the mouth of James r., on the s., and Chesa- 
peake bay on the E. The surface is level ; soil, 
generally fertile. Capital, Hampton. There 
vsere in 1840, neat cattle 2,4 15, sheep 1,268, swine 
5,044 ; wheat 18,559 bush, produced, Ind. corn 
80,540, oats 13,727, potatoes 11,053, cotton 664 
poimds ; 31 stores, cap. $46,200 ; 2 grist m. Cap. 
in manufac. $23,475. 2 acad. 165 students, 3 sch. 
109 scholars. Pop. whites 1,954, slaves 1,708, 
free col'd 44 ; total, 3,706. 

Elizabeth City, p-v., capital, Pasquotank 
CO., N. C, 40 s. w. Norfolk, Va., 215 e. by n. 
Raleigh, 283 W. Situated on Pasquotank r., 20 
ms. from its mouth. Vessels requiring 7 feet wa- 
ter come up to the place. It has a water com- 
munication with Norfolk, 20 ms. up Pasquotank 
r., thence 22 ms. by the Dismal Swamp canal, to 
to Elizabeth r., Va., thence 9 ms., to iSorfolk. It 
exports shingles, staves, and pitch pine lumber to 
the West Indies, and contains a court house, and 
about 2,000 inhabitants. 

Elizabeth Islands, Mass., consist of 16 small 
islands between Buzzard's bay and Vineyard 
sound, ranging n. e. and s. w. The principal are 
Nashawn, Pasqui, Nashawenna, Piniquese, and 
Cuttyhunk. Two of them are inhabited. 

Elizabethport, p-v., Elizabeth t., Essex co., 
N. J., 47 N. E. Trenton, 12 s. w. New York. It 
is situated on Staten Island sound, near its junc- 
tion with Newark bay. It contains a church, 
several manufactories, and about 100 dweUings. 
The Elizabethtown and Somerv'ille railroad com- 
mences here. Steamboats ply several times 
daily between this place and New York. 

Elizabeth River, Va., rises in Princess Ann 
and Norfolk counties, and flows n. w., 25 miles, 
into a large estuary at the mouth of James river, 
forming a fine harbor at Noriblk. It forms, with 
the Dismal Swamp canal, and Pasquotank r., a 
communication from Chesapeake bay to Albe- 
marle sound. 

Elizabethtown, p-t., capital of Essex co., N. 
Y., 126 N. Albany, 501 W. The surface is moun- 
tainous, the Clinton range running through it from 
s. to N. Some of the peaks are elevated from 12 to 
1,500 feet above the level of the plains. It is 
drained by the Boquet r. Iron ore of the best 
quality abounds here. The v. is on Boquet r., 
and contains a court house, jail, a state arsenal, 
1 church, 5 stores, 45 dwellings, and about 300 
inliabitants. There are in the t., 2 stores, cap. 
84,000; 5 forges, 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 14 sawm. 
Cap. in manufac. $18,500. 1 acad. 20 students, 
9 sch. 343 scholars. Pop. 1,061. 

Elizabethtown, p-b., Essex county N. J., 
44 N. E. Trenton, 213 W. Situated on Eliz- 
abethtowTi cr., 2i ms. from its entrance into Sta- 
ten Island sound. The New Jersey railroad, 
and the Elizabethtowni and Somerville railroad, 
pass through it. It contains a court house, jail, a 
I bank, an insurance office, 5 churches, of wliich 



ELK 



196 



ELK 



the Presbyterians have 2, the Episcopalians 1, 
and the Methodists 1, 12 stores, 2 male and 2 fe- 
male academies, and about 500 dwellings. Its 
government resembles that of a city. Vessels 
of 30 tons come up to the place, and of 300 tons 
to the port at the mouth of the river. It contains 
about 2,500 inhabitants. 

Elizabethtown, p-v., Elizabeth t., Lancaster 
CO., Pa., 18 E. Harrisburg, 128 W. Situated in 
the forks of Coney or., and contains 2 stores, and 
about 40 dwellings. Incorporated in 1827. 

Elizabethtown, p-v., Whitewater t., Hamil- 
ton CO., O., 132 s. w. Columbus, 508 W. It con- 
tains a church, several stores, and about 200 in- 
habitants. The Whitewater canal passes through 
this place. 

Elizabethtown, p-v., capital, Marshall co., 
Va. Situated on Grave creek, at its entrance 
into the Ohio, 12 ms. below Wheeling. The site 
of the v. is elevated, and it contains a court house 
and other county buildings. Here are very ex- 
tensive ancient tumuli, scattered over a large 
plain, consisting of one main mound, 106 feet 
nigh, and 400 yards in circumference, surrounded 
by a ditch, and encompassed by other similar and 
smaller mounds. (See Grave Creek.) 

Elizabethtown, p-v., capital of Hardin co., 
Ky., 79 s. w. Frankfort, 621 W. Situated on the 
N. side of Valley cr., a branch of Nolin's cr. It 
contains a court house and 979 inhabitants. 

Elizabethtown, p-v., capital of Bladen co., 
N. C, 99 s. Raleigh, 387 W. Situated on the w. 
side of Cape Fear r., 40 ms. above Wilmington, 
55 below Fayetteville. It contains a courthouse, 
and several stores and dwellings. 

Elizabethtown, p-v., capital of Carter co., 
Tenn., 301 e. Nashville, 414 W. Situated on the 
Watauga r., a branch of Holston r. It contains 
a court house, jail, several stores and dwellings. 
There are extensive manufactories of iron in the 
vicmity. 

Elizabethtown, p-v., capital of Hardin co., 
HI., 219 s. s. e. Springfield, 786 W. It contains 
a court house and 1,050. inhabitants. 

Elizabethville, p-o., Dauphin co., Pa., 39 n. 
Harrisburg, 149 W. 

Elizaville, p-o., Columbia co., N. Y., 44 s. 
Albany, 333 W. 

Elizaville, p-v., Fleming co., Ky., 5 w. 
Flemingsburg, 99 e. by n. Frankfort, 492 W. It 
contains 1 Methodist church and 200 inhabitants. 
Elk, r., Md., rises in Pennsylvania, and (lows 
by a broad estuary into the n. part of Chesapeake 
bay. It is navigable 15 miles to Elkton. 

Elk, r., Ala., rises in Tennessee, and flowing 
into Alabama, enters Teiuiessee, a little above 
the Muscle Shoals. 

Elk Creek, p-t., Venango co.. Pa., 122 w. n. 
w. Harrisburg, 231 W. The surface is level ; 
soil, loam. Drained by Six Mile run, and by 
Canoe, Beaver, and Dyer Paint creeks It has 
5 stores, cap. 816,100 '; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen 
fac, 1 tannery, 1 printing office, 1 weekly news- 
paper, 2 gri.st m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$14,080. 1 sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 785. 

Elk, t., Warren co.. Pa. It has Alleo-hany r 
on Its E. and s. border, and Conewango cr. on its 
w. border. It has excellent land on its streams. 
It has 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $21,000 4 
sch. 36 scholars. Pop. 382. 

Elk, t., Athena co O. Situated on the wa- 
ters of Racoon cr. It contains the v of McAr 
thurstovvTi. It has 6 stores, cap. $3,100 ; 5 sch. 
150 scholars. Pop. 1,261. 
Elk, t., Monroe co., (). Pop. 535. 
Elk Fork, t., Van Buren co., Mo It has 1 
Bch 12 scholars. Pop. 360. ' '^^ ^ 



Elk Fork, t, Pettis co., Mo. Pop. 454. 

Elk Creek, p-t., Erie co.. Pa., 16 s. w. Erie, 
256 N. w. Harrisburg, 329 W. The surface is 
hilly ; soil, gravelly loam. Drained by Cussa- 
wago cr., a branch of Elk cr., and tributary of 
Conneaut cr., on the last of which salt springs 
are found. It has 3 stores, cap. $5,300 ; 1 fulling 
m., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. ,$1,600. 14 sch. 450 scholars. Pop. 1,645. 

Elk Creek, p-o., Grayson co., Va., 277 w. 
by s. Richmond, 346 W. 

Elk Cross Roads, p-o., Ashe co., N. C, 214 
w. N. Raleigh. 

Elk Furnace, p-o., Nelson co., Va. 

Elk Garden, p-o., Russell co., Va., 320 w. by 
s. Richmond, 375 W. 

Elk Grove, p-o., Iowa co.. Wis., 71 s. w. 
Madison, 903 W. 

Elk Grove, p-o., Cook co.. 111., 228 n. e. by 
N. Springfield, 741 W. 

Elkhart, county, la. Situated in the n. part 
of the state, and contains 460 sq. ms. Watered 
by St. Joseph and Elkhart rivers, and their tribu- 
taries. The land is pleasantly interspersed with 
woodland and prairies, and watered by numerous 
springs and streams. Capital, Goshen. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 4,842, sheep 2,925, swine 
8,801 ; wheat 44,501 bushels produced, rye 8,763, 
Ind. com 98,862, buckwheat 758, oats 45,877, po- 
tatoes 23,431, silk cocoons 150 pounds, sugar 
73,697 ; 10 stores, cap. $46,500 ; 2 tanneries, 4 
distilleries, 1 brewery, 2 potteries, 3 flouring m., 
6 grist m., 12 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 printing offices, 
2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufactures 
$11,415. 22 sch. 473 scholars. Pop. 6,660. 

Elkhart, p-v., Elkhart co., la., 154 n. Indiau- 
apolis, 609 W. 

Elkhart, t.. Noble co., la. It has 1 grist m., 

1 saw m., 2 sch. 16 scholars. Pop. 262. 
Elkhart, r., la., rises in Noble and La Grange 

COS., and flows into St. Joseph's r., in Elkhart co." 

Elk Hill, p-o., Amelia co., Va., 32 s. w. 
Richmond, 149 W. 

Elkhorn, r., Ky., after a course of 30 miles, 
enters Kentucky r., on the e. side, in Franklin 
county. 

Elkhorn, p-o., Franklin county, Ky., 9 n. E. 
Frankfort, 551 W. 

Elkhorn, t., Warren co.. Mo. Pop. 642. 

Elkhorn, r., El., rises in Washington co., runs 
N. w., and enters Kaskaskia r. 

Elkhorn, p-o., Ray co.. Mo., 149 w. N. w. 
Jeffenson city, 1,054 W. 

Elkhorn, p-v., capital of Walworth county, 
Wis., GS s. e. Madison, 797 W. 

Elkhorn Grove, p-o., Jo-Daviess co., 111., 179 
N. Springfield, 842 W. 

Elkland, p-t., Tioga co.. Pa., 170 n. Harris- 
burg, 280 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, gravel, 
loam, and clay, heavily timbered. Drained by 
Cowanesque and Crooked creeks, branches of 
Tioga r. It has 7 stores, cap. $2,000 ; 1 tannery, 

2 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $16,125. 

5 sch. 149 scholars. Pop. 710. 

Elk Lick, p-o., Somerset co., Pa., 145 w. Har- 
risburg, 162 W. It has 4 stores, cap. $13,000; 
2 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 10 distilleries, 3 grist m., 

6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $0,800. 1 sch. 22 
scholars. Pop. 1,495. 

Elk Ridge, p-o., Giles co., Tenn., 65 s. Nash- 
ville, 719 W. Situated on Robison's Fork of 
Richland cr. 

Elk Ridge Landing, p-v., Anne Arundel co., 
Md., 30 N. N. w. Annapolis, 30 W. Situated on 
the s. side of Patapsco r., 7 ms. w. s. w. of 
Baltimore, at the head of tide water. The 
Washington Branch railroad, and the Baltimore 



ELL 



197 



ELL 



and Ohio railroad, intersect at this place ; the for- 
mer crossing the r. over a splendid viaduct, 700 
feet long, and 3S feet above the r., on 8 arches, 
all of granite from the neighborhood. The v. 
has a Methodist church, a lyceum, with a library, 
2 flouring m., 1 blast furnace, for the manufac- 
ture of cast-iron pipe, employing 300 hands, a 
rolling mill and nail fac, and about 1,000 in- 
habitants. 

Elk River, t., Newton co., Mo. It has 1 
sch. 19 scholars. Pop. 335. 

Elk Run, t., Columbiana co., O. Situated a 
few ms. E. New Lisbon. 

Elkton, p-v., capital of Cecil co., Md., 80 n. 
E. Annapolis, 90 W. Situated i a mile s. of the 
Philadelphia, Wilmington, and Baltimore rail- 
road, 44 ms. from Philadelphia, and at the junc- 
tion of the two main branches of Elk r., at tbe 
head of tide water. It contains a court house, 
jail, bank, and Methodist church. Its trade is 
less extensive than formerly. 

ElKton, p-v., Elk Run t., Columbiana co., O., 
154 N. E. by E. Colmnbus, 276 W. It contains 
68 inhabitants. 

Elkton, p-v., Giles co., Tenn., 90 s. Nash- 
ville, 739 W. It is situated on Elk r., 2 miles 
above its junction with Richland cr., and con- 
tains 150 inhabitants. 

Elkton, p-v., capital of Todd co., Ky., 187 s. 
w. Frankfort, 711 W. Situated on the e. side of 
Elk cr., a branch of Red r. It contains a court 
house and 474 inhabitants. 

Elkton, p-v., Polk co.. Mo., 114 s. w. Jeffer- 
son city, 1,050 W. 

Elkville, p-v., Caldwell co., N. C, 189 w. 
Raleigh, 396 W. Situated on the n. side of 
the Yadkin r. 

Ellejay, p-v., capital of Gilmer co., Ga., 176 
N. w. Milledgeville, 632 W. Situated at the 
confluence of the Ellejay and Cottercay rivers ; 
and contains a court house, jail, 1 Baptist and 1 
Methodist church, an academy, and 300 in- 
habitants. 

Ellejay, p-o., Blount co., Tenn., 194 e. by s. 
Nashville, 514 W. 

Ellejay r. (See Coosa r.) 

Ellenburg, p-t., Clinton co., N. Y., 25 n. n. 
w. Plattsburg, 189 n. Albany, 554 W. The sur- 
face is hilly, but generally arable. Drained by 
English r., and other streams which flow into 
Canada, and by the head waters of Chazy r., 
which flows hito Lake Champiain. It has 3 
stores, cap. $600 ; 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $4,545. 4 sch. 99 scholars. Pop. 
1,171. 

Ellensville, p-v., Wawarsing t., Ulster co., 
N. v., 86 .=!. w. Albany, 293 W. Situated on the 
Delaware and Hudson canal, at the junction of 
Sand Bar cr. and Good Beerkill cr. It con- 
tains 2 churches, 6 stores, 1 glass fac, 4 saw m., 
1 iron foundry, 1 edge tool fac. There is an old 
lead mine in the vicinity. 

Ellerslie, p-v., Susquehanna co., Pa., 194 n. 
E. by N. Harrisburg, 294 W. 

Ellerslie, p-v., Harris co., Ga., 108 w. s. w. 
Milledgeville, 741 W. 

Eller Y, p-t., Chautauque co., N. Y., 343 w. by 
S. Albany, 330 W. The surface is undulating ; 
soil, a fertile, sandy, and gravelly loam. Chau- 
tauque lake bounds it on the ,s. w. Watered by 
small streams which flow into the lake. The 
V. contains 1 church, 2 stores, and 15 or 20 dwell- 
ings. There are in the t., 1 store, cap. $3,000 ; 
1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 9 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $13,450 ; 12 sch. 710 scholars. 
Pop. 2,242. 

Elligott, t., Chautauque co., N. Y., 18 s. e. 



Mayville, 330 w. Albany. The surface is un- 
dulating ; soil, sandy anil gravelly loam. Watered 
by Cassadaga cr. and the outlet of Chautauque 
lake. It has 14 stores, cap. $83,900 ; 2 furnaces, 
2 fulling m., 1 cotton fac, 1 tannery, 1 pottery, 1 
printing office, 1 weekly nevi'spaper, 1 flouring 
m., 2 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$81,350. 1 acad. 140 students, 12 sch. 521 schol- 
ars. Pop. 2,571. 

Ellicott's Mills, p-v., Anne Arundel co., 
Md., 40 N. w. Annapolis, 45 W. Situated on Pa- 
tapsco r., 10 s. w. by w. Baltimore. Here are 
a scattered village, various mills and manufac- 
tories, and much romantic scenery. 

Ellicott.sville, p-t., capital of Cattaraugus 
CO., N. Y., 293 w. by s. Albany, 335 W. The 
surface is undulating, except a deep valley along 
Great Valley cr. The soil is sandy or gravelly 
loam. Drained by Great Valley cr. and its tribu- 
taries. The V. is situated on Great Valley cr., 
and contains a court house, jail, county clerk's 
oflice, 2 churches, 4 stores, 1 saw m., 1 tannery, 
80 dwellings, and about 600 inhabitants. Incor- 
porated in 1837. There are in the t., 4 stores, 
cap. $20,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 printing office, 1 
weekly newspaper, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $7,818. 7 sch. 390 scholars. Pop. 
1,084. 

Ellington, p-t., Tolland co., Ct., 20 n. n. e. 
Hartford, 356 W. The surface on the e. is 
broken and hilly, but level on the w. The soil 
is light and dry, and moderately fertile. The v. 
contains a Congregational church, a high-school, 
and about 40 dwellings, many of them neat. 
There are in the t., 3 stores, cap. $14,000 ; 1 tan- 
nery, 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$13,000 ; 1 acad. 28 students, 9 sch. 366 scholars 
Pop. 1,356. 

Ellington, p-t, Chautauque co., N. Y., 25 e. 
Mayville, 324 w. by s. Albany, 336 W. The 
surface is tmdulating; soil, sandy and gravelly 
loam. Drained by Clear creek. It has 4 stores, 
cap. $13,300; 1 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 2 grist 
m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $13,500. 9 sch. 
576 scholars. Pop. 1,725. 

Elliot, p-t., York co.. Me., 102 s. s. w. Au- 
gusta, 498 W. It is bounded s. w. by Salmon 
Fall r. The soil is fertile, adapted to grain. It 
has 4 tanneries, 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $3,875. 1 acad. 46 students, 7 sch. 522 
scholars. Pop. 1,889. 

Elliottsville, t., Piscataquis co.. Me. It 
has 1 saw m., 2 sch. 19 scholars. Pop. 60. 

Elliottsburg, p-o.. Perry co.. Pa., 33 w. 
Harrisburg, 121 W. 

Elliott.sville, p-o., Somerset co., Me., 85 n. 
Augusta, 680 W. 

Elliottsville, p-o., Knox t., Jefferson co., 
O., 145 E. by n. Columbus, 279 W. 

Ellisbijrg, p-t., Jefferson co., N. Y., 169 n. w. 
Albany, 399 W. Bounded w. by Lake Ontario. 
The surface is level ; soil, sandy loam, and fer- 
tile. Drained by the n. and s. branches of 
Sandy creek, which flow into Lake Ontario, 
affording fine water power, which has been 
extensively used. The village is situated on 
Sandy cr., and contains 1 Presbyterian church, 
2 stores, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 oil m., 1 carding 
machine and fulling m., 40 dwellings, and 250 
inhabitants. There are in the t., 9 stores, cap- 
ital $25,500 ; 3 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 4 tan- 
neries, 3 distilleries, 2 flouring m., 7 grist m., 14 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $53,200; 23 sch. 794 
scholars. Pop. 5,349. 

Ellisburg, p-v.. La Grange co., la., 180 n. by 
E. Indianapolis, 581 W. 

Ellis Island, N. Y. Situated in the harbor 



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of New York, off tlie mouth of Hudson r. It 
belongs to the United States, and contains Fort 
Gibson. 

Ellisville, p-v., Louisa co., Va., 66 N. w. 
Richmond, 108 W. 

Ellisviixe, p-v., capital of Jones co., Miss., 
144 s. E. Jackson, 1,022 W. It is situated on the 
w. side of Tallahala cr., a branch of Pascagoula 
r It contains a court house and several dwellings, 
Ellisville, p-v., Fulton co.. III., 75 n. w. 
Springfield, 827 W. 

Ellisvili.e, p-v., Monroe co., la., 51 s. s. 
w. Indianapolis, 623 W. 

Ellsworth, p-t., capital of Hancock co., Me., 
89 E. by N. Augusta, 671 W. Watered by Union 
r. It has a fertile soil, adapted to grain and to 
grazing. It has Orphan lake toward the s. w., 
and a larger between it and Otis on the n. The 
v. is situated on both sides of Union r., where is 
a bridge, at the head of tide-water, and is acces- 
sible by large vessels. It contains a court house 
and other county buildings. There are in the t., 
15 stores, cap. $4,300; 5 grist m., 19 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $4,000. 1 acad. 12 students. 
19 sch. 670 scholars. Pop. 2,263, 

Ellsworth, t., Grafton co., N. H., 52 n. by 
w. Concord, 20 s. E. Haverhill. The surface is 
mountainous, and the soil indifferent. Watered 
by a branch of Pemigewasset r., issuing from a 
considerable pond. Chartered in 1769. It has 
1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac, $1,755. 
3 sch. 101 scholars. Pop. 300. 

Ellsworth, p-v,, Sharon t., Litchfield co., 
Ct., 47 w. Hartford, 330 W. It contains a Con- 
gregational church and several dwellings. 

Ellsworth, p-t., Trumbull co., O., 160 n. e. 
Columbus, 299 W. It has a fertile soil, well 
adapted to grazing, and is noted for its fine cattle 
and excellent cheese. It contains 4 churches — 
1 Presbyterian, 1 Congregational, 1 German Lu- 
theran, and I Methodist It has 9 sch. 370 schol- 
ars. Pop, 98S, 

Ellsworth, p-v., capital of Wright co.. Mo. 
Situated on w. side of Big Piney Fork of Gas- 
conade r. 

Elm Grove, p-o., Jennings co., la., 71 s. s, E. 
Indianajwlis, 575 W. 

Elm Grove, p-o., De Soto co., Miss., 214 N. 
Jackson, 937 W, 

El.m Grove, p-o.. Clay co., Mo., 12 n. n, w. 
Liberty, 171 w. n. w. Jefferson city, 1,084 W. 

Elm Hill, p-o., Rutherford co., Tenn., 71 s. 
E. Nashville, 673 W. 

ELMiR.i, p-t., capital of Chemung co., N. Y., 
195 w. s. w. Albany, 279 W. The surface is 
uneven, and the soil in the valleys and flats very 
productive. Newton's cr. bounds it on the s. w. 
The v., formerly called Newtown, is situated on 
the N. side of Chemung r., at the entrance of 
Newton's cr., where is extensive water power. 
It contains a court house, jail, county clerk's of- 
fice, an academy, 4 churches, 1 Presbyterian, 1 
Episcopal, 1 Baptist, and I Methodist, 40 stores, 
3 warehouses, 3 flouring m., 3 steam furnaces, 3 
plaster m., 1 tannery, and 1 boat yard. The 
Chemung canal terrainates here, where are 2 
extensive basins. 10,000,000 feet of boards and 
planks are exported annually. A bridge, 700 
feet long, crosses the Chemung r. The line of 
the New York and Erie railroad passes througli 
the place. There are in the t., 44 stores cap 
$106,510; 3 lumberyards, cap. $27,500 ; 1 M- 
ling m., '2 furnaces, 3 tanneries, 2 distilleries 2 
printing offices, 2 binderies, 2 weekly newspa- 
pers, 6 grist m., 14 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$128,315. 1 acad. 130 students, 19 sch 1 152 
scholars. Fop. 4,791. ' ' 



Elmira, p-o,, Lucas co., O., 137 n. w. Colum- 
bus, 468 W, 

Elmira, p-o., Stark co., 111., 113 n. Springfield, 
827 W. 

Elmore, p-t., Lamoille co., Vt, 20 n. Montpe- 
lier, 536 W. Chartered in 1781. The surface is 
uneven and elevated, part of its waters flowing 
N. into Lamoille r., and part s. into Onion r. 
The soil is moderately fertile. It has several 
considerable ponds, and contains iron ore. It 
has 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,300. 
7 sch. 144 scholars. Pop. 476. 

Elmore, p-o., Talbot co., Ga., 104 w. s. w. Mil- 
ledgeville, 726 W. 

Elm Point, p-o., Bond co., 111., 65 s. Spring- 
field, 767 W. 

Elsinborough, t., Salem co., N. J., 3 n. e. 
Salem. The surface is level ; soil, a fertile loam 
and marsh meadow. Drained by Alloways and 
Salem creeks. It has 2 sch. 85 scholars. Pop. 
526. 

Elton, p-o., Edgefield dist., S. C, 64 w. Co- 
lumbia, 550 W. 

Elyria, p-t., capital of Lorain co., O., 1 16 n. n. 
E. Columbus, 374 W. The v. is pleasantly situ- 
ated on a plain between the two branches of 
Black r., which unite half a mile below the v., 
and each of which has a perpendicular fall near- 
ly 40 feet, on the opposite sides of the v., afford- 
ing extensive water power. The principal street 
extends from one branch of the r. to the other, 
and the buildings exhibit much neatness and 
taste. It contams an elegant court house, which 
cost $3,000, 2 churches, 1 acad., 10 stores, 1 large 
flouring m., 4 saw m., 1 carding mach. and cloth- 
ier's works, 1 forge, 2 furnaces, about 100 dwell- 
ings, and 800 inliabitants. It is one of the pleas- 
antest villages in Ohio. There are in the t. 2 acad. 
135 students, 6 sch. 233 scholars. Pop. 1,636. 

Elysburg, p-v., Northumberland co.. Pa., 79 
N. Harrisburg, 189 W. 

Elysville, p-o., Anne Arundel co., Md. 

Elyton, p-v., capital, Jefferson co., Ala., 54 N 
K. Tuscaloosa, '764 W. Situated at the head of 
Catoochee or Valley cr. It contains a court 
house, and a few dwellings. 

Emaus, p-v., Salisbury t., Lehigh co.. Pa., 87 e. 
by N. Harrisburg, 180 W. It is a Moravian v., 
situated at the foot of South Mountain, is built 
on one street, and contains 1 store, and 20 or 25 
houses. The land of the v. and vicinity, was 
bequeathed by 2 members, for the support of a 
clergyman and the promotion of missions. 

Ema.nuel, county, Ga. Situated centrally 
toward the e. part of the state, and contains 
1,100 sq. ms. The surface is level; .soil, sandy 
and sterile. Ogeechee r. runs on its n. border. 
Watered by Cannouchee and Ohoopee rivers 
and their branches. Capital, Swainsboro. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 16,324, sheep 1,171, 
swine 8,632 ; wheat 3,087 bush, produced, Ind. 
corn 37,129, potatoes 2,772, cotton 72,880 pounds, 
sugar 2,200 ; 4 stores, cap. $2,700 ; 2 distilleries, 
9 grist m., 3 saw m. Pop. whites 2,500, slaves 
605, free col'd 24; total, 3,129. 

Embarras Point, p-o., Edgar co., 111., 104 E. 
Springfield, 675 W. 

Embden, p-t., Somerset co.. Me., 49 n. n. w. 
Augusta, 644 W. Situated on the w. side of 
Kennebec r. The soil is fertile, adapted to grain 
and to grazing. Incorporated in 1804. Watered 
by Seven Mile brook, a tributary of the Kenne- 
bec. It has 18 sch. 462 scholars. Pop. 983, 

Embden Centre, p-o., Embden t., Somerset 
CO., Me. 44 N. N. w. Augusta, 644 W. 

Embreeville, p-o., Chester co.. Pa., 76 E. by 
s. Harrisburg, 121 W. 



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199 



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Emercik's Mills, p-o., York co., Me., 59 s. 
w. Augusta, 518 W. 

Emerson's Tan Yard, p-o., Chatham co., N. 
C, 50 w. Raleigh, 338 W. 

Emery Iron Works, p-o., Roane co., Term., 
150 E. by s. Nashville. 

Emery, river, Tennessee, a branch of Clinch 
river. 

Eminence, p-o., Tazewell co., HI., 67 n. Spring- 
field, 763 W. Situated near Sugar cr. 

Emmettsburg, p-v., Frederick co., Md., 80 n. 
w. Annapolis, 65 W. It contains 4 churches — 
1 Presbyterian, 1 Dutch Reformed, 1 Methodist, 
and 1 Roman Catholic — an academy, 4 store.s, 
1 10 dwellings, and 800 inhabitants. 2 ms. distant 
from the v., is Mount St. Mary's College, under 
the direction of the Roman Catholics. It was 
founded m 1830, has a president, and 17 profes- 
sors and instructors, 31 students, and 3,500 vols, 
in its libraries. The commencement is in the 
last week in June. St. Joseph's Female Insti- 
tute, half a mile from the v., is conducted by the 
sisters of charity, and is flourishing. 

Emoreyville, p-v., Barbour co., Ala., 201 s. 
E. Tuscaloosa, 847 W. 

Emmett, t., Calhoun co., Mich. It has 1 
flouring m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,630. 
4 sch. 140 scholars. Pop. 647. 

En DOR, p-o., Will CO., 111., 195 n. e. Spring- 
field, 712 W. 

Enfield, p-t., Penobscot co.. Me., 104 n. e. 
Augusta, 699 W. Situated on the E. side of 
Penobscot r. Incorporated in 1835. It has a 
large pond on its e. border. It contains 4 sch. 
169 scholars. Pop. 346. 

Enfield, p-t., Grafton co., N. H., 42 n. w. 
Concord, 492 W. The surface is diversified, and 
the soil, in some parts, is fertile. It has several 
ponds, the outlets of wliich afford water power. 
It contains a considerable Shakers' settlement, 
with 1,000 acres of land attached to it, distin- 
guished for neatness, industry, and mechanical 
ingenuity. There are in the t., 6 stores, cap. 
$16,900; 3 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 
3 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $28,350. 
16 sch. 567 scholars. Pop. 1,514. 

Enfield, p-t., Hampshire co., Mass., 75 w. by 
8. Boston, 387 W. The soil is adapted to gra- 
zing. Watered by 2 main branches of Swift r., 
a tributary of Chickapee r., which afford water 
power. Incorporated in 1814. It has consider- 
able manufactures. It has 4 stores, cap. $14,000 ; 

1 woollen fac., 2 cotton fac. 400 sp., 2 tanneries, 

2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $44,100. 
7 sch. 285 scholars. Pop. 976. 

Enfield, p-t., Hartford co., Ct., 18 n. by e. 
Hartford, 353 W. Situated on the e. side of 
Connecticut r., on the n. line of the state. The 
surface is level ; soil, sandy loam, and generally 
fertile. A bridge, erected in 1808 across Con- 
necticut r., the first built across it in the state, 
connects this place with Suftield. Tlie v. of 
Thompsonville, 1 m. from the bridge, has an ex- 
tensive carpet fac, and over 800 inhabitants. 
There is a Shakers' settlement in this t., who 
have 1,000 acres of land under high cultivation. 
It has 8 stores, cap. $15,000 ; 1 woollen fac, 3 
tanaeries, 2 distilleries, 2 grist m., 5 saw ra. Cap. 
in manufac. $260,200. Pop. 2,648. 

Enfield, p-t., Tompkins co., N. Y., 5 w. Ithaca, 
168 w. by s. Albany, 301 W. The surface is 
undulating ; soil, fertile gravelly loam. Drained 
by small tributaries of Cayuga inlet, which af- 
ford water power. The v. contains about 20 
dwellings. There are in the t., 10 stores, cap. 
$100,200 ; 2 lumber yards, cap. $1,125 ; 4 fulhng 
m., 2 tanneries, 1 flouring m., 3 grist m., 8 saw 



m. Cap. in manufac $60,810. 17 schools, 861 
scholars. Pop. 2,340. 

Enfield, p-v., Halifax co., N. C, 76 n. e. Ra- 
leigh, 223 W. Situated on the Wilmmgton and 
Raleigh railroad, and contains several stores and 
dwellings. 

Enfield, p-v.. King William co., Va., 24 n. 
E. Richmond, 138 W. It contains 2 stores, and 
various mechanic shops. 

English Neighborhood, p-v. Ilackensack 
t., Bergen co., N. J., 8 n. New York. 67 n. k. 
Trenton, 233 W. It contains 1 Dutch Reformed, 
and 1 Christian church, 2 stores, and 20 dwell- 
ings. 

English Prairie, p-v.. Grant co.. Wis., 87 
w. Madison, 919 W. 

Englishtown, p-v.. Freehold t., Monmouth 
CO., N. J., 31 E. Trenton, 197 W. Situated on 
Matchaponix cr., and contains 2 stores, a grist 
m., and about 30 dwellings. The soil around is 
light and sandy. 

Ennisville, p-v., Barre t, Huntingdon co., 
Pa., 80 w. Harrisburg, 172 W. Situated on 
Standingstone cr., and contains a store, and 5 or 6 
dwellings. 

Ennoree, r., S. C, a branch of Broad r. 

Enoch, p-t., Monroe co., O., 105 e. Columbus, 
300 W. Pop. 1,134. 

Enoch Mills, p-o., Orange co., N. C, 45 n. 
w. Raleigh, 279 W. 

Enon, p-o., Clark co., O., 50 w. Columbus, 
443 W. 

Enon Valley, p-o., Beaver co., Pa., 243 w. 
by N. Harrisburg, 269 W. 

Enosburg, p-t., Franklin co., Vt., 55 n. by w 
Montpelier, 558 W. The surface is various, and 
the soil well adapted to grazing. Chartered in 
1780. It has a Congregational, a Methodist, and 
a Baptist church. Watered by Missisque r. and 
its branches, which afford good water power. It 
has 2 stores, cap. $3,000; 3 fulling m., 1 tannery, 
3 gri.st m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $15,760 ; 
1 acad. 50 students, 11 sch. 246 scholars. Pop. 
2,022. 

Enosburg Falls, p-v., Eno.sburg t., Franklin 
CO., Vt., 59 N. by w. Montpelier, 555 W. 

Enterprise, p-o., Lancaster co., Pa., 45 e. s. 
E. Harrisburg, 120 W. 

Enterprise, p-o., Steuben co., la., 177 n. n. 
E. Indianapolis, 538 W. 

Enterprise, p-o., Union parish, La., 318 n. 
w. New Orieans, 1,208 W. 

Ephratah, i>-t., Fulton co., N. Y., 53 w. n. w. 
Albany, 402 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, 
sandy loam. Drained by Gaiwa and Zimmer- 
man's creeks, branches of the Mohawk r. The 
v. contains 1 church, 2 stores, 1 grist m., 3 saw 
m., 1 tannery, 35 dwellings, and 200 inhabitants. 
There are in the t. 5 stores, cap. $15,000; 3 full- 
ing m., 1 woollen fac, 4 tanneries, 3 grist m., 26 
saw m. Cap. in manufac $3J,380. 8 sch. 587 
scholars. Pop. $2,009. 

Ephratah, p-t., Lancaster co.. Pa., 38 e. by 
s. Harrisburg, 127 W. The v. contains a store, 
paper m., and about 20 dwellings. It was foimded 
by a singular sect from Germany, called l\inkers, 
or Dunkers. Most of the original peculiarities 
of the sect have disappeared ; but they are still 
remarkable for the regularity of their lives, the 
simplicity of their manners, and the fervor of 
their devotion. Contention at law, or with arms, 
they regard as unchristian. It has 4 tanneries, 3 
distilleries, 5 flouring m., 3 grist m., 4 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $11,350. 5 sch. 213 scholars. 
Pop. 2,083. 

Epping, p-t., Rockingham co., N. H , 30 e. .s. 
E. Concord, 47'7 W. The soil is generally fertile. 



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200 



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Watered by Lamprey r. and North r. It has 8 
stores, cap. $20,000; 2 fuHing m., 2 tanneries, 4 
grist m., 6 saw m., 7 sch. 380 scholars. Pop. 1,235. 

Epsom, p-t., Merrimac eo., N. H., 12 e. Con- 
cord, 482 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, fer- 
tile, adapted to grain or to grazing. Watered by 
Suncook r. Chartered in 1727. It has 5 stores, 
cap. $4,350; 2 grist m., 5 saw m., 8 sch. 404 
scholars. Pop. 1,205. 

EauALiTY, p-v., Mecklenburg co., N. C, 166 
w. s. w. Raleigh, 405 W. 

EauALiTY, p-o., Anderson dist., S. C, 127 w. 
N. w. Columbia, 522 W. 

Equality, p-v., capital of Gallatin co., 111., 187 
s. s. E. Springfield, 776 W. Situated on the n. 
side of Saline cr. It contains a neat brick court 
house, 40 feet square, 2 stories high, 13 stores of 
different kinds, various mechanics, and about 80 
dwellings. It has salt manufactories in the 
vicinity. 

EauAHTV, t., Miller co.. Mo. It has 1 sch. 20 
scholars. Pop. 424. 

Erasmus, p.o., Lincoln co., N. C, 184 w. by 
s. Raleigh, 423 W. 

Erie, lake. Situated n. of N. Y., Pa., and O., 
and constitutes a part of the boundary between 
the United Slates and Canada. It is 240 miles 
long, and 60 broad, in its widest part. It receives 
the waters of Superior, Michigan, and Huron 
lakes, through Detroit r., and discharges its waters 
through iS'iagara r. into Lake Ontario. Its surface 
is elevated 565 feet above tide water in the Hud- 
son r. at Albany. The greatest depth which has 
been obtained by sounding is 270 feet. Toward 
the shores it is shallow, and its navigation is, for 
a considerable time in the winter, prevented by 
its being frozen. The business done on this lake 
is immense, and increasing. More than 50 steam- 
boats, and about 300 sloops, schooners, and ships 
navigate it, and find abundant employment. A 
battle was fought near its w. end Sept. 10th, 
1813, between the American fleet, imder Com- 
modore Perry, and the English fleet, in which 
the latter was captured. 

Erie, county, N. Y. Situated in the w. part 
of the state, and contains 876 sq. ms. The sur- 
face is level or undulating toward the n., and 
hilly toward the s. Lake Erie and Niagara river 
bound it on the w. Cattaraugus cr. runs on its 
s. boundary. Drained by Buffalo, Cayuga, Caze- 
nove, Seneca, Ellicott's, Cauquaga, and Tone- 
wanda creeks. The Erie canal passes through 
the CO., and communicates wath Lake Erie by 
means of an extensive basin, formed by the pier 
at Black Rock. A railroad extends from Buffalo 
to Niagara Falls. Capital, Buffalo. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 39,734, sheep 81,442, swine 
37,208 ; wheat 207,492 bush, produced, rye 5,539, 
Indian corn 179,057, buckwheat 19,593, barley 
13,966,oats 424,489, potatoes 556,382, sugar 334,040 
pounds ; 23 commission houses in foreign trade, 
cap. $94,000; 317 stores, cap. $926,875, 6 lum- 
ber yards, cap. $14,500 ; 4 furnaces, 22 fulling 
m., 4 woollen fac, 26 tanneries, 6 distilleries, 10 
breweries, 7 potteries, 9 flouring m., 44 grist in., 
13o saw m., 2 oil m., 10 printing offices, 5 bind- 
eries, 6 periodicals, 5 daily, 4 weekly, 1 semi- 
weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $1,142 470 
^acad. 156 students, 275 sch. 11,432 scholars' 
Pop. 1830,35,710; 1840,62,465. ''^^"O'ars. 

Erie, county. Pa Situated in the n. w. part 
ot the state, bounded n. w. on Lake Erie and 
contau.s WO sq. ms. The surface is undulating • 
soil, sandy loam, gravel, and clay, particularly 
adanted to grass. Watered by Conneaut, Elk, 
Walnut, and other creeks, which flow into Lake 
Erie, and French cr., which flows s.into the Alle- 



ghany r. Capital, Erie. There were in 1810, 
neat cattle 31,805, sheep 47,971, swine 21,665; 
wheat 173,094 bush, produced, rye 6,550, Indian 
com 197,825, buckwheat 31,884, barley 10,456, 
oats 242,749, potatoes 334,871, hops 3,874 pounds, 
sugar 254,241 ; 4 commission houses, cap. $6,000 ; 
67 stores, cap. $277,600 ; 2 lumber yards, cap. 
$1,200; 1 furnace, 15 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 
18 tanneries, 4 distilleries, 2 breweries, 1 flouring 
m., 36 grist m., 1 18 saw m., 2 paper fac, 3 print- 
ing offices, 1 bindery, 4 weekly newspapers. 
Cap. in manufac. $152,490. 4 acad. 165 students, 
226 sch. 8,319 scholars. Pop. 1830, 17,027 ; 1840, 
31,344. 

Erie, county, O. Situated in the n. part of 
the state, and contains 150 sq. ms. Lake Erie 
and Sandusky bay form its n. boundary. The 
surface is generally level, and the soil fertile. 
Drained by Huron and Vermillion rivers. Cap- 
ital, Huron. There were in 1840, nea£ cattle 
7,155, sheep 18,853, swine 10,866; wheat 94,112 
bush, produced, rye 1,582, Ind. com 79,877, buck- 
wheat 3,958, barley 2,495, oats 64,567, potatoes 
71,687, sugar 300 pounds ; 11 commission houses, 
cap. $70,000; 47 stores, cap. $80,500 ; 2 furnaces, 
1 forge, 2 tanneries, 2 flouring m., 4 grist m., 9 
saw m., 2 printing offices, 1 bindery, 2 weekly 
newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $60,400. 60 sch. 
2,955 scholars. Pop. 12,599. 

Erie, p- borough, port of entry, and capital 
of Erie co.. Pa., 270 n. w. Harrisburg, 343 W. It 
is beautifully situated on Presque Isle bay, of 
Lake Erie, contains 1 mile square, and has one 
of the best harbors on the lake. The depth of 
water on the bar is 8 or 10 feet, and within much 
more. It contains a court house, jail, printing 
office, 7 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 
1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, 1 Associate Reformed, 1 
German Lutheran, and 1 Roman Catholic — 1 
academy, 1 female seminary, 1 bank, 33 whole- 
sale and retail stores, 6 forwarding and commis- 
sion warehouses, 2 flouring m., 2 iron foundries, 
and 3,412 inhabitants. Perry's fleet, in the last 
war, was fitted up in this harbor, then well de- 
fended by a fort, and the remains of it are now 
found here. Visiters are weekly cutting pieces 
from the Lawrence, Perry's flag ship, which lies 
here, partly out of water, and much decayed. 
There are in the b. 45 stores, cap. $21 1,600 ; 4 
commission houses, cap. $6,000 ; 2 lumber yards, 
cap. .$1,200 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 3 printing 
offices, 1 bindery, 4 weekly new.spapers, 2 gi-ist 
m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $31,2t)0. 3 acad. 
102 students, 8 sch. 452 scholars. Pop. 3,412. 

Erie, p-v., Greene co., Ala., 48 s. by w. Tus- 
caloosa, 865 W. Situated on the e. side of 
Black Warrior or Tuscaloosa r. It contains 
several stores and dwellings. 

Erie, t., Ottawa co., O., 16 n. Lower Sandusky. 
Situated on the n. side of Portage r., near its en- 
trance into Lake Erie. Originally settled by the 
French from Canada, whose descendants are 
still found here. Organized in 1803. Pop. 200. 

Erie, p-t., Monroe co., Mich., 47 s. w. Detroit, 
476 W. The soil is fertile, and well adapted to 
grain and to grazing. Watered by Vance r. and 
Bay cr. It contains a good stone quarry. It has 
3 sch. 83 scholars. Pop. 852. 

Erieville, p-v.. Nelson t., Madison co., N. 
Y., 110 w. by N. Albany, 357 W. It contains 1 
church, 1 store, 40 dwellings, and about 250 in- 
habitants. 

Erin, p-t., Chemung co., N. Y., 8 E. Elmira, 
195 w. by s. Albany, 291 W. The surface is 
hilly and broken; soil, gravelly loam, and not 
very fertile. Drained by Cayuta cr. It has 7 
sch. 253 scholars. Pop. 1,441. 



ESS 



201 



ESS 



Erin, p-o., Meriwether co., Ga., 88 w. Mil- 
ledgeviUe, 708 VV. 

Errol, p-t., Coos CO., N. H., 155 n. by e. Con- 
cord, 616 W. Umbagog lake lies partly in this t., 
and bounds it on the w. Watered by Andros- 
coggin r., which flows from this lake, and Mogal- 
loway r., its tributary. Chartered in 1774. It 
has 1 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 104. 

Erving, p-t., Franklin co., Mass., 79 w. by n. 
Boston, 412 W. Miller's r. runs on its s. border, 
and Connecticut r. on its w. Its streams afford 
good water power. Incorporated in 1838. It 
has considerable manufactures. It has 4 sch. 80 
scholars. Pop. 309. 

Erwin, p-t., Steuben co., N. Y., 217 w. by s. 
Albany, 282 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, clay 
loam. Drained by Conhocton and Tioga rivers, 
which here unite to form Chemung r. It has 2 
stores, cap. $8,000 ; 1 fulUng m., 1 tannery, 1 grist 
ra., 14 saw m. Cap. in raanufac, $10,005. 6 
sch. 227 scholars. Pop. 785. 

Erwin Centre, po., Erwin t., Steuben co., 
N. Y., 225 w. by s. Albany, 274 VV. 

Erwinna, p-v., Bucks co.. Pa., 123 e. Harris- 
burg, 187 W. Situated on Delaware r., 37 n. 
Philadelphia. 

Erwinsville, p-v., Cleveland co., N. C, 201 
w. by s. Raleigh, 438 W. 

Erwinton, p-o., Barnwell dist., S. C, 137 s. 
Columbia, 633 W. 

Esca.mbia, r., Flor. and Ala., rises in Monroe 
CO., Ala., and receives Conecuh r., larger than 
itself, and flows into a branch of Peiisacola bay. 

Escambia, county, Flor. Situated in its ex- 
treme w. part, bounded s. by the Gulf of Mexico, 
and contains 600 sq. ms. The surface near the 
gidf shore is level, but rises to some elevation in 
the interior. The soil is generally poor, covered 
with pine. Perdido r. flows on its w. boundary, 
and Escambia r. on the e. Pensacola bay fur- 
nishes an important harbor. Capital, Pensacola. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle, 10,173, sheep 
485, swine 2,674 ; Ind. corn 7,657 bush, produced, 
potatoes 6,551 ; 48 stores, cap. $221,800 ; 5 lum- 
ber yards, cap. $29,500 ; 10 grist m., 27 saw m., 
1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in 
manufac. $284,140. 2 acad. 100 students, 13 sch. 
213 scholars. Pop. whites 2,330, slaves 1,356, 
free col'd 307 ; total, 3,993. 

Esmond's Corners, p-o., Calhoun co., Mich., 
125 w. Detroit, 538 W. 

Esopus, p-t., Ulster co., N. Y., 7 s. Kingston, 
66 s. by VV. Albany, 307 W. The surface is un- 
even and broken ; soil, sandy clay and gravelly 
loam. Watered by Hudson r., on its E. border, 
and by Walkill and Rondout rivers on the w. 
border. The v., 2 miles w. of the landing on 
Hudson's r., contains 1 chiu-ch, 1 store, and 20 
dwellings. There are in the t. 5 stores, cap. 
$15,000; 1 cotton fac. 2,136 sp., 1 flouring m., 1 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $36,019. 7 sch. 418 
scholars. Pop. 1,939. 

EspERANCE, p-v., Schoharie t., Schoharie co., 
N. Y., 29 w. Albany, 396 W. Incorporated in 
1818. It contains 1 Presbyterian church, 4 stores, 
1 paper m., 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 clothier's works, 
75 dwellings, and about 450 inhabitants. 

Espv, p-v., Columbia co.. Pa., 87 n. by e. 
Harrisburg, 197 W. Situated on the w. bank of 
Susquehanna r., and contains 2 stores and about 
20 dv^ellings. 

Espyville, p-v., Crawford co., Pa., 255 N. w. 
by w. Harrisburg, 313 W. 

Essex, county, Vt. Situated in the n. e. cor- 
ner of the state, and contains 225 sq. ms. The 
surface is rough, and the soil generally poor, ex- 
cepting on Connecticut r., which bounds it on the 
20 



e. Watered by Nulhegan and Moose rivers and 
their branches, and Paul's stream. In the N. are 
the head waters of the St. Francis r., which flows 
N. into the St. Lawrence. In the w., Clyde r. 
flows into Lake Memphrcmagog. Capital, Guild- 
hall. There were in 1840, neat cattle 6,837, 
sheep 14,188, swine 3,639 ; wheat 11,161 bushels 
produced, rye 1,537, Ind. corn 6,709, buckwheat 
15,070, barley 2,223, oats 46,485, potatoes 235,180, 
hops 5,959 pounds, sugar 99,385 ; 7 stores, cap. 
$12,500 ; 2 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 2 grist m., 24 
saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $10,400. 2 
acad. 101 students, 49 sch. 1,345 scholars. Pop. 
4,226. 

Essex, county, Mass. Situated in the n. e. 
part of the state, and contains 360 sq. ms. It is 
bounded e. by the Atlantic, and n. by N. Hamp- 
shire. Orgaiiized in 1643. The surface is une- 
ven and rough, but the soil is in many parts good. 
It has an extensive sea coast, good harbors, ex- 
tensive commerce, and great wealth. Watered 
by Merrimac and Shawsheen rivers. Capitals, 
Salem, Newburyport, and Ipswich. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 20,271, sheep 6,900, swine 
12,047 ; wheat 3,281 bush, produced, rye 19,309, 
Ind. corn 166,861, buckwheat 3,268, barley 28,014, 
oats 61,882, potatoes 437,790 ; 70 houses in for. 
trade, cap. $908,500 ; 495 stores, cap. $1,298,455 ; 
20 lumber yards, cap. $110,800 ; invested in fish- 
eries, $1,116,795 ; 1 furnace, 38 fulling m., 15 
woollen fac, 9 cotton fac. 25,452 sp., 77 tanneries, 

6 distilleries, 5 potteries, 2 tlouring m., 51 grist m., 
39 saw m., 2 paper fac, 13 printing offices, 7 bind- 
eries, 1 daily, 11 weekly, 4 semi- weekly news- 
papers. Cap. in manufac. $5,673,700. 1 college, 
125 students, 44 acad. 2,109 students, 368 sch. 
19,269 scholars. Pop. 94,987. 

Es.sex, county, N. Y. Situated toward the n. 
e. part of the state, and contauis 1,779 sq. miles. 
The surface is hilly on the e., and rises to lofty 
mountains on the w. Lake Champlain lies on 
its K. border, along which is some good land. It 
is a vast depository of iron ore, and other mineral 
treasures. Vast quantities of magnetic iron ore 
exist. Mount Marcy, in this county, is 5,467 feet 
above the level of the ocean. Capital, Elizabeth- 
town. There were in 1840, neat cattle 22,017, 
sheep 79,835, swine 14,658 ; wheat 60,444 bush, 
produced, rye 29,121, Ind. corn 78,662, buckwheat 
25,610, barley 3,158, oats 170,390, potatoes 470,235, 
sugar 113,357 pounds ; 76 stores, cap. .$221,800; 

7 furnaces, 48 bloomeries, forges, &c., employing 
a cap. of $199,300 ; 19 fulling m., 7 woollen fac, 
14 tanneries, 5 tlouring m., 25 grist m., 266 saw 
m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. 
in manufac. $592,320. 7 acad. 395 students, 141 
sell. 5,636 scholars. Pop. 23,634. 

Essex, county, N. J. Situated toward the N. 
E. part of the state, and contains 211 sq. miles. 
Two mountain chains pass through it. Drained 
by Passaic r. and its branches, and Rahway r., 
and some others. The soil is generally red shale. 
It has good water power, and extensive manufac- 
tures. Capital, Newark. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 12,522, sheep 5,465, swine 8,475 ; 
wheat 34,692 bush, produced, rye 34,244, Indian 
corn 225,314, buckwheat 39,588, barley 745, oats 
181,261, potatoes 178,193 ; 2 commercial and 2 
commission houses in for. trade, capital $15,000; 
203 stores, cap. $524,6.50 ; 10 lumber yards, <rap. 
$56,000 ; cap. invested in the fisheries, $60,000 ; 
6 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 2 cotton fac. 1,166 sp., 
4 dyeing and printing estab., 10 tanneries, 3 rope 
fac, 3 distilleries, 2 breweries, 1 glass-cutting es- 
tablishment, 6 potteries, 21 flouring m., 20 grist 
m., 25 saw m., 1 oil m., 18 paper fac, 7 printing 
offices, 4 binderies, 3 periodicals, 1 daily, 4 week- 



EST 



202 



EVA 



ly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $3,170,568. 
16 acad. 6S0 students, 112 sch. 4,655 scholars. 
Pop. 44,621. 

Essex, county, Va. Situated in the e. part of 
the state, and contains 2S0 sq. ms. Rappahan- 
nock r. runs on its n. e. border, by the small trib- 
utaries of which it is watered. The surface is 
moderately uneven ; soil, sandy and barren, ex- 
cept on the streams. Capital, Tappahannock. 
There were in 1810, neat cattle 7,214, sheep 6,619, 
swine 12,981 ; wheat 71,083 bush, produced, rye 
204, Ind. corn 418,720, oats 40,175, potatoes 15,125, 
tobacco 3,891 pounds, cotton 14,530 ; 20 stores, 
cap. $139,800 ; 2 tanneries, 15 grist m., 4 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $53,430. 3 acad. 71 students, 
12 sch. 208 scholars. Pop. wliites 3,955, slaves 
6,756, free col'd 598; total, 11,309. 

Essex, p-t., Chittenden co., Vt., 48 n. w.Mont- 
pelier, 523 VV. Onion r. rnns on its s. border, 
and by its falls furni.shes good water power. Wa- 
tered by Brown's river, and Stevens' and other 
brooks, which afford some water power. In the 
s. and w. part, the soil is sandy and covered with 
pine. In other parts is a sandy and clay loam, 
with hard wood, and is fertile. On Onion r. is 
some excellent interval. The v. at the centre 
contains 1 Congregational and 1 Baptist church, 
a saw m., and 12 or 15 dwellings. There are in 
the t., 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 
paper fac, 1 grist ra., 4 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $25,600. 10 sch. 344 scholars. Fop. 1,824. 

Essex, p-t., Essex co., Mass., 32 n. e. Boston, 
472 W. Organized in 1819 from Ipswich. The 
soil is well cultivated, and hay and fruits are ex- 
ported. Many vessels are built. Many of the 
inhabitants are engaged in the fisheries. The v. 
at the .centre has 2 churches, and about 50 dwell- 
ings. There are in the t., 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 2 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,000. 7 sch. 473 
scholars. Pop. 1,450. 

Essex, p-v., Saybrook t., Middlesex co., Ct., 37 
s. by E. Hartford, 334 W. Situated on Coiniec- 
ticut r., 7 ms. from its mouth, and contains 3 
churches— 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, and 1 Method- 
ist — an academy, 10 stores, an extensive rope 
walk, and about l,0t)0 inhabitants. Ship building 
is extensively carried on. It has considerable 
navigation and trade. 

Essex, p-t., Essex co., N. Y., 133 n. Albany, 
509 W. Tlie soil is fertile on tlie e., and sterile 
w. Watered by Boquet r., flowing into Lake 
Champlain. The v. is situated on the w. side of 
Lake Champlain, and has a good steamboat land- 
ing, and 2 wharves. It contains 3 churches— 1 
Congregational, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist— 6 
stores, 2 extensive storehouses, 1 tannery, 1 ship 
yard for lake craft, and about 100 dwellings. A 
horse ferryboat crosses, 2i miles, to Vennont. 
There are in the I., 9 stores, cap. $23,700 ; 1 forge, 
2 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 flouring m., 2 grist m., 2 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $50,800. 2 acad. 65 
students, 11 sch. 457 scholars. Pop. 1,681. 

Essex, p-o.. Porter co., la. 

EsTANAULA, p-o.. Hay wood CO., Tenn., 154 w 
by s. Nashville, 839 W. 

Estill, county, Ky. Situated centrally to- 
ward the E. part of the stale, and contains 864 
sq. ms. Watered by Kentucky r. and its branch- 
es. Capital, Irvnie. There were in 1810 neat 
cattle 5,118, sheep 5,902, swine 12,910; wheat 



bush.; 4 stores, cap. $3,700; 1 furnace, 6 forces 
5 tanneries, 23 distilleries, 27 grist m., 5 saw m' 
Cap. m maimfac. $5,810. Pop. whites 4 960 
slaves 558, free col'd 17; total, 5,535. '" ' 



EsTiLLviLLE, p-v.. Capital, Scott CO., Va., 344 
w. by s. Richmond, 412 W. Situated on Mo- 
cassin cr., a branch of Clinch r. It contains a 
court house, jail, and several stores and dwell- 
ings. 

Etowah, r., Ga., one of the two constituent 
branches, which unite in Floyd co., to form the 
Coosa r. 

Etowah Valley, p-o., Cass co., Ga., 144 n. 
w. Milledgeville, 653 W. 

Etna, p-t., Penobscot co.. Me., 61 n. n. e. Au- 
gusta, 656 W. The soil is fertile, adapted to 
wheat. Watered by a branch of Sebast.icook r. 
It has 1 store, cap. $1,000 ; 1 grist m., 1 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $400. 6 sch. 321 scholars. Pop. 
745. 

Etna, p-v., Dryden t., Tompkins co., N. Y., 
169 w. Albany, 302 W. Situated on Fall creek, 
and contains 2 churches, 1 store, 1 flouring m., 1 
saw m., 2 distilleries, 1 cloth dressing establish- 
ment, 30 dwellings and about 200 inhabitants. 

Etna, p-o., Hanover co., Va. 

Etna, p-o., Lapeer co., Mich. 

Etna, p-v., Greene co., Ky.,99 s. s. w. Frank- 
fort. 

Etna, p-v., Lima t., Licking co., O., 17 e. Co- 
lumbus, 376 W. Situated on the national road, 
and contains 1 cluirch, 3 stores, 40 dwellings, and 
about 200 inhabitants. 

Etna, t.. Licking co., O. Pop. 857. 

EuBANKS, p-o., Columbia co., Ga., 117 e. n. e. 
Milledgeville, 585 W. 

Euclid, p-o.. Clay f., Onondaga co., N. Y., 144 
VV. by n. Albany, 362 W. 

Euclid, p-t., Cuyahoga co., O., 155 n. e. by n. 
Columbus, 367 W. Situated on Lake Erie. It 
has 1 fullmg m., 1 woollen fac, 1 grist m., 4 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $1,100. 12 sch. 746 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,775. 

EuLALiA, p-t., Potter co.. Pa., 187 n. n. w. Har- 
risbnrg, 279 W. Drained by the E. branch of the 
Sinnemahoning r. and its tributaries. The sur- 
face is hilly ; soil, vegetable mold and gravelly 
loam. It is but httle cultivated. It has 4 stores, 
cap. $7,200 ; 1 tannery, 1 printing office, 1 week- 
ly newspaper, 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $9,800. 3 schools, 80 scholars. Pop. 368. 

Eugene, p-v., Vermillion co., la., 85 w. In- 
dianapolis, 657 W. It is situated on the s. side 
of Big Vermillion r., lims. from the Wabash r. 
It contains 3 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., and a 
carding machine, propelled by water power, and 
a large grist and saw m., by steam, 1 orewery, 1 
tannery, and 400 inhabitants. Big Vermillion is 
navigable for steamboats to this place. There 
are in the t., 4 stores, cap. $12,500; 1 flouring m., 
1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,200. 
3 sch. 105 scholars. Pop. 1,048. 

Eutaw, p-o., De Soto co., Miss., 215 n. Jack- 
son, 928 W. 

Eotaw, p-v., capital of Greene co., Ala. Situ- 
ated 3 ms. w. of Black Warrior r., and contains a 
court house, and a few dwellings. 

Eutaw Spiiings, S. C, a small branch of 
Santee r. On the borders of this stream was 
fought the battle of Eutaw Springs, Sept. 8, 1781, 
in the American revolution, between General 
Greene, American, with a loss of 555 ; and Gen. 
Stewart, British, with a loss of 1,000. 

Evans, p-t., Erie co., N. Y., 311 w. Albany, 
368 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, gravelly loam 
and clay, adapted to grain and to grass. Drained 
by Little and Big Sisters creeks, flowing into Lake 
Erie, which bounds it on the w. It has 3 stores, 
cap. $1,800; 2 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 
9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $19,500. 16 sch. 
593 scholars. Pop. 1,807. 



FAR 



203 



FAB 



EvANSBURG, p-v., Crawford co., Pa., 242 n. w. 
by w. Harrisburg, 312 W. 

Evans' Mills, p-v., Le Ray t., Jefferson co., 
N. Y., 165 N. w. Albany, 4-i5 W. Situated on 
Pleasant cr., a branch ol' Indian r. It contains 3 
churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, 1 Method- 
ist — an academy, 3 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. 
1 machine shop, 1 tannery, 1 carding and fulling 
m., 50 dwellings, and about 350 inhabitants. 

EvANSPORT, p-v., Williams co., O., 165 n. w. 
Columbus, 517 W. 

EvANSviLLE, p-v., Prcston CO., Va., 266 n. w. 
Richmond, 190 W. Situated between Cheat and 
Valley rivers. 

EvANSViLLE, p-v.. Capital, Vanderburg CO., la., 
172 s. w. by s. Indianapolis. It is situated on the 
N. bank of the Ohio r., at the great north bend, 
below the entrance of Green r., and contains a 
brick court house, jail, a bank, 8 churches — 1 
Baptist, 1 Dutch Reformed, 1 Episcopal, 1 Lu- 
theran, 1 Methodist, 2 Presbyterian, 1 Roman 
Catholic — an academy, 6 schools, a steam flour- 
ing m., 1 ibundry, 45 stores, 500 dwellings, and 
2,500 inhabitants. 

EvANSviLLE, p-o., Washington co., Ark., 189 
N. w. Little Rock, 1,215 W. 

EvERETTSviLLE, p-v., Albemarle co., Va., 78 
w. N. w. Richmond, 119 W. It contains 1 store 
and 2 mechanic shops. 

Evergreen, p-o., Anderson dist., S. C, 133 
w. N. w. Columbia, 559 W. 

Evergreen, p-o., Conecuh co., Ala., 172 s. 
by E. Tuscaloosa, 914 W. 

Evergreen, p-o., McDonough co.. 111. 

EvERTON, p-v., Fayette co., la., 66 E. by s. 
Indianapolis, 522 W. 

Evesham, p-t., Burlington co., N. J., 34 s. Tren- 
ton, 150 W. The surface is level ; soil, sand and 
sandy loam, pretty well cultivated, and produc- 
tive. Drained by Rancocus and Haines' creeks 
on its borders, and by the head waters of Little 
Egg Harbor r. It has several villages. There 
are in the t. 19 stores, cap. $43,650; 1 lumber 
yard, cap. $7,000 ; 1 fuUmg m., 3 tanneries, 3 dis- 
tilleries, 6 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$97,600. 21 sch. 1,167 scholars. Pop. 5,060. 
■ Eve's Mills, p-o., Monroe co., Tenn., 170 e. 
s. E. Nashville, 538 W. 

EwiNG, t., Franklin co., Mass. It has 1 store, 
cap. $2,000; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tan- 
nery, 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,200. 4 sch. 
80 scholars. Pop. 309. 

EwiNG, t., Mercer co., N. J. It has 1 fulling 
m., 1 woollen fac, 1 distillery, 1 grist m., 2 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $14,500. 3 sch. 77 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,017. 

EWINGSVILLE, p-v., CoOpCf CO., Mo., 70 W. N. 

w. Jefferson city, 984 W. 

EwiNGTON, p-v., and capital of Effingham 
CO., 111., 85 s. E. Springfield, 714 W. Situated 
on the national road, on the w. bank of Little 
Wabash r. It has an elevated and pleasant situ- 
ation, and contains a court house and a few 
dwellings. 

E.ychange, p-o., Warren co., N. C, 57 n. n. 
E. Raleigh, 237 W. 

Exeter, p-t., Penobscot co.. Me., 79 n. n. e. 
Augusta, 674 W. The soil is fertile, producing 



excellent wheat. Watered by branches of Ken- 
duskeag r., which afford water power. Incorpo- 
rated in 1811. It has 1 tannery. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $100,000. 

Exeter, p-t., Rockingham co., N. H., 37 s. K. 
by E. Concord, 480 W. The soil is moderately 
good, and the cultivation excellent. The v. is 
situated on l''xeter r., a branch of the Piscataqua, 
at the head of tide water. The falls here afford 
great water power. It contains a court house, 
jail, bank, 3 churches — 2 Congregational and 1 
Baptist — and a well endowed academy. The r. 
is navigable to this place for vessels of 500 tons 
burden. The t. contains 30 stores, cap. $57,240 ; 4 
tanneries, 1 powder m., 3 potteries, 1 paper fac, 4 
printing offices, 2 binderies, 3 weekly newspa- 
pers, 4 acad. 275 students, 12 sch. 610 scholars. 
Pop. 2,9-25. 

Exeter, t., Washington co., R. I., 24 s. w. 
Providence. The surface is uneven ; soil, gra- 
velly loam, and productive. Incorporated in 
1743. Drained by Wood r. and its branches, 
which afford water power. It has 8 stores, cap. 
$3,650 ; 1 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 6 grist m., 8 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $83,860. 13 sch. 422 
scholars. Pop. 1,776. 

Exeter, p-t., Otsego co., N. Y., 77 w. Albany, 
367 W. The surface is elevated and hilly; 
soil, calcareous mold, well adapted to grazing. 
Drained by Butternut and Wharton's creeks. 
Canaderaga lake lies on its n. e. border. The v. 
contains a church, store, and 12 or 15 dwellings. 
There are in the t. 4 stores, cap. $13,000 ; 1 full- 
ing m., 3 tanneries, 2 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $15,012. 9 sch. 469 scholars. Pop. 
1,423. 

Exeter, t., Berks co.. Pa. The surface is 
undulating or hilly ; soil, red gravel, and mode- 
rately productive. Drained by Manokesy and 
Ronsli creeks, branches of the Schuylkill. It 
contains a church, common to Presbyterians and 
Lutherans, and a v. with 1 store and 6 or 8 dwell- 
ings. There are in the t. 3 stores, caj). $2,800 ; 

1 forge, 1 lulling m., 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 3 saw 
m., 1 oil m. Cat), in manufac. $6,750. Pop. 
1,911. 

Exeter, p-t., Luzerne co.. Pa., 129 n. n. e. 
Harrisburg, 237 W. The surface is very uneven, 
and the soil excellent. Susquehanna r. flows on 
its N. E. boundary. Watered by Gardner's .creek 
and Cascade run, which flow into the Susque- 
hanna. Shawney ridge of mountains passes 
through it, on the e. side of which anthracite 
coal is found. In the s. part of this t. the well- 
known battle of Wyoming was fought, in 1778, 
celebrated in Campbell's " Gertrude of Wyo- 
ming." It has 3 stores, cap. $8,600: 1 fulling m., 

2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,300. 
8 sch. 289 scholars. Pop. 1,529. 

Exeter, p-t., Monroe co., Mich. The soil is 
productive, adapted to grain and to grazing. It 
has 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $800. Pop. 235. 

Exeter, p-v., Morgan co.. 111., 47 w. Spring- 
field, 827 W. Situated on Mauvaiseterre r. It 
contains a large flouring m., 3 stores, and 15 or 
20 families, surrounded by a flourishing country. 

Experiment Mills, p-o., Monroe co.. Pa., 129 
N. E. by E. Harrisburg, 222 W. 



F. 



Faeer's Mills, p-o., Nelson co., Va., 91 w. 
Richmond, 146 W. It contains 1 store, several 
mechanic shops, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m., 1 woollen 
fac, 12 dwellings, and about 60 inhabitants. 

Fabiijs, r.. Mo., rises in several branches in 
Iowa and n. part of Missouri, and enters the 



Mississippi r. in Marion co.. Mo., after a course 
of about 100 miles. 

Fabius, p-t., Onondaga co., N. Y., 120 w. Al- 
bany, 337 W. The surface is hilly and broken ; 
soil well adapted to grass. Watered by Tough- 
niogar. It has 22 sch. 766 scholars. Pop. 2,562. 



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LBIUS, p-0 

mond, 115 W. 
Fabius, t., Marion co., Mo. Pop. 1,340. 
Facility, p-o., McMinn co., Tenn., 163 e. s. 
E. Nashville, 544 W. 

Factory Point, p-c, Bennington co., Vt., 93 
s. by w. Montpelier, 430 W. 

Factory Shoal, p-c, Randolph co., Ala., 149 
E. Tuscaloosa, 769 W. 

Factoryville, p-v., Tioga co., N. Y., 178 w. 
s. w. Albany, 265 W. Situated on Cayuta cr. 
It contains 1 Methodist church, 3 stores, 1 wool- 
len fac, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., an extensive fur- 
nace, 50 dwellings, and 350 inhabitants. 

Factoryville, p-v., Castleton t., Richmond 
CO., N. Y., 153 s. Albany, 231 W. Situated on 
the N. shore of Staten Island. It contains 1 Epis- 
copal church, 5 stores, 1 grist m., the New York 
dyeing and printing establishment, with a capital 
of $200,000, employing 300 workmen. It has 100 
dwellings, and 600 inhabitants. The post-office 
is called North Shore. 

Factoryville, p-v., Braintrim t., Luzerne 
CO., Pa., 156 N. E. Harrisburg, 263 W. 

Fairbli'ff, p-o., Columbus co., N. C, 125 s. 
Raleigh, 415 W. 

P'airdale, p-v.. Rush t, Susquehanna co.. Pa., 
169 N. E. Harrisburg, 279 W. It contains a mill 
and 4 or 5 dwellings. 

Fair Dealing, p-o., Calloway co., Ky., 54 s. 
w. Frankfort, 786 W. 

Fairfax, p-t., Franklin co., Vt., 57 n. w. Mont- 
pelier, 535 W. 'Die surface is generally level, 
and the soil light, easily tilled, and tolerably fer- 
tile. Watered by Lamoille r., and some small 
tributaries, which afford good water power. The 
falls of the Lamoille, which is here a large r., are 
curious and valuable. It has 2 stores, capital 
$2,000 ; 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $5,000. II sch. 254 scholars. Pop. 
1,918. 

Fairfax, C. H., p-v., and capital of Fairfax 
CO., Va., 121 N. Richmond, 21 W. It contains a 
court house, jail, 3 stores, several mechanic 
shops, 50 dwellings, and 250 inhabitants. 

Fairfax, county, Va. Situated in the n. e. 
part of the state. Potomac r. and the District of 
Columbia boiuid it on the e. It contains 450 sq. 
ms. The surface is hilly and broken, and the 
soil in some places good, but mostly sterile. Oco- 
quan cr. runs on its s. w. border, and Difficult cr. 
runs through it n. into the Potomac. Capital, 
Fairfax C. H. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
12,501, sheep 6,513, swine 9,803; wheat 24,630 
bush, produced, rye 5,943, Indian corn 158,012, 
buckwheat 1,594, oats 66,806, potatoes 7,812, to- 
bacco 13,480 jrounds ; 1 tannery, 2 colleges, 61 
students, 1 acad. 20 students, 8 sch. 245 scholars. 
Pop. whiles 5,469, slaves 3,453, free col'd 448 ; 
total, 9,370. 

Fairfax, v., and capital of Culpepper co., Va. 
(p-o. called Culpepper C. II.) Situated on the s. 
bank of Mountain cr. It contams a court house, 
jail, and clerk's office, on the public square, 3 
churches— 1 Episcopal, 1 Presbyterian, and 1 
Baptist— 9 stores, 1 market house, 2 tanneries, 
various mechanic shops, and 2 printing offices, 
both of which issue weekly newspapers. 

Fairfield, p-t., Somerset co.. Me., 22 n Au- 
gusta, 617 W. It has Kennebec r. on its e. and 
N. boundary, which is navigable by boats to Au- 
gusta, where it meets sloop navigation. The soil 
is fertile, adapted to grain and to grazing It has 
4 stores, cap. 5,900 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries 2 
gnst m., 28 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $186 lis 
23 sch. 860 scholars. Pop. 2,198. 
Fairfield, p-t., Franklin co.,Vt., 56 .n. w. Mont- 



pelier, 544 W. First settled in 1789. It has an 
uneven surface, and a strong soil. Watered by 
branches of Missisque r., and has good water 
power. It rears many cattle, horses, and sheep. 
An academy here was incorporated in 1808. It 
has 3 stores, cap. $6,000 ; 3 fulling m., 2 tanner- 
ies, 4 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufactures, 
$16,925. 16 sch. 303 scholars. Pop. 2,448. 

Fairfield, county, Ct. Situated in the s. w. 
part of the state, and contains 630 sq. ms. The 
surface is agreeably diversified, and the soil 
strong, productive, and well cultivated. It extends 
40 miles on Long Island sound, has a number of 
good harbors, and enjoys great commercial ad- 
vantages ; and it has considerable shipping em- 
ployed in the coasting trade and the fisheries. 
Watered by the Housatonic r., which runs on its 
N. E. and E. boundary, and is navigable to Derby, 
and by Saugatuc, Norwalk, Mill, and Pecjuonuck 
rivers, which afford good water power. Capitals, 
Fairfield and Danbury. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 34,4.52, sheep 33,355, swine 21,719; 
wheat 10,802 bush, produced, rye 111,530, Ind. 
corn 216,894, buckwheat 69.923, oats 319,781, 
potatoes 550,587; 267 stores, ' cap. $828,250 ; 16 
lumber yards, cap. $67,000 ; 2 furnaces, 2 forges, 
12 fulling m., 9 woollen fac, 6 cotton fac. 8,400 
sp., 1 dyeing and printing estab., 26 tanneries, 3 
potteries, 1 rope fac, 4 flouring m., 59 grist m., 71 
saw m., 1 paper fac, 6 printing offices, 1 bindery, 
5 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufactures, 
$1,279,720. 31 acad. 867 students, 21 1 sch. 8,285 
scholars. Pop. 49,917. 

Fairfield, county, O. Situated a little s. e. 
of the centre of the state, and contains 540 sq. 
ms. The surface is elevated, lying between the 
Muskingum and Scioto rivers, and the soil is fer- 
tile, and well adapted to grain. Drained by the 
head waters of Hockhocking r. The land is 
generally level, interspersed occasionally with 
conical hills. The south part of the county is 
hilly, with a less fertile soil. Capital, Lancaster. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 26,619, sheep 
41,665, swine 53,578; wheat 616,152 bush, pro- 
duced, rye 32,841, Ind. corn 909,660, bariey 
2,923, oats 377,834, potatoes 67,265, tobacco 
248,570 pounds, sugar 102,362 ; 48 stores, cap. 
$355,700 ; 3 fulling m., 7 woollen fac, 20 tanne- 
ries, 7 distilleries, 3 breweries, 1 rope fac, 1 
flouring m., 21 grist m., 41 saw m., 3 printing of- 
fices, 3 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. 
$100,685. Pop. 31,924. 

Fairfield, district, S. C. Situated in the 
central part of the state, and contains 796 sq. ms. 
The Wateree r. runs on its n. e. border, and 
Broad r. on the s. w. Little r., a branch of 
Broad r., runs through its w. part. Soil, light and 
fertile. Capital, Winnsboro. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 16,021, sheep 6,924, swine 
24,424 ; wheat 22,784, bush, produced, rye 2,136, 
Ind. corn 556,055, oats 57,125, potatoes 20,689, 
cotton 8,159,450 pounds ; 41 stores, cap. $78,600; 
16 grist m., 8 saw m., 1 acad. 25 students, 4 sch. 
98 scholars. Pop. whites 7,587, slaves 12,505, 
free cold 73; total, 20,165. 

Fairfield, p-v., port of entry, and semi-capi- 
tal of Fairfield co., Ct., 58 s. w. Hartford, 21 s. s. 
w. N. Haven, 279 W. The surface is undula- 
ting, and the soil fertile and well cultivated. 
The v. is principally built on one street, with a 
green or square in the centre, and has 1 Congre- 
gational church, a court house, jail, an academy, 
and about 100 dwellings. Black Rock harbor, 
li m. from the C. H., is, next to New London, 
one of the best harbors on the sound, having 19 
feet water. There is a light-house on Fair- 
weather island. The parish of Greenfield con- 



FAI 



205 



FAI 



tains a pleasant village, with a Congregational 
church and an academy, and a fine view of Long 
Island sound ; and has been celebrated by Dr. 
Dwight, formerly its minister, in the fine poem 
of " Greenfield Hill." The main v. of Fairfield 
was burned in 1779 by the British, under Gov. 
Tryon, in the revolutionary war. It has 15 
stores, cap. $43,200 ; 2 lumber yards, cap. 
$4,500 ; 2 tanneries, 4 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $53,400. 3 acad. 104 students, 17 
sch. 488 scholars. Pop. 3,654. 

Fairfield, p-t., Herkimer co., N. Y., 8 n. Lit- 
tle Falls, 79 w. by n. Albany, 398 W. The sur- 
face is hilly and rough, and the soil a fertile clay 
loam, well adapted to grazing. Drained by West 
Canada cr. The v. contains 3 churches, 3 stores, 
1 tannery, one of the oldest academies in the 
state, and about 300 inhabitants. Here was lo- 
cated the Western College of Physicians and 
Surgeons, founded in 1812, which in 25 years, 
previous to 1840, educated 2,000 medical stu- 
dents. It has been discontinued. There are in 
the t. 5 stores, cap. $25,500 \ 1 tannery, 6 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $17,210. 1 college, 105 stu- 
dents, 1 acad. 215 students, 13 sch. 550 scholars. 
Pop. 1,836. 

Fairfield, t., Cumberland co., N. J., 72 s. by 
w. Trenton. The surface is level, and the soil 
sandy, with the exception of a strip of marsh on 
Delaware bay. Drained by Cohansey, Nantuxet, 
and Cedar creeks. It has 1 Presbyterian and 1 
Methodist church. It has 7 stores, cap. $12,350 ; 
1 tannery, 2 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $44,015. 5 sch. 114 scholars. Pop. 1,935. 

Fairfield, v., Caldwell t., Essex co., N. J., 11 
N. w. Newark. It has a Dutch Reformed church, 
and about 10 dwellings. 

Fairfield, p-v., Hamilton t., Adams co.. Pa., 
43 s. w. Harrisburg, 82 W. Situated on the s. 
Bide of Middle cr., a branch of the Monocscy r. 

Fairfield, t., Crawford co., Pa. It has 2 
stores, cap. $1,500; 2 distilleries, 2 gri.«t m., 5 
sawm. Cap. in manufac. $6,300. Pop. 1,213. 

Fairfield, t., Westmoreland co.. Pa. It lies 
chiefly in a valley ; soil, calcareous loam. Bound- 
ed N. E. by Conemaugh r., by several branches 
of which it is watered. It has 4 stores, cap. 
$8,000 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 3 flouring m., 2 
grist m. Cap. in manufac. $17,800. 1 acad. 40 
students, 10 sch. 371 scholars. Pop. 2,035. 

Fairfield, t., Butler co., O., contains Hamil- 
ton v., the capital of the co. It has 3 sch. 64 
scholars. Pop. 2,171. 

Fairfield, t., Columbiana co., O. It has 1 
sch. 18 scholars. Pop. 181. 

Fairfield, t., Higldand co., O. It has 14 sch. 
1,210 scholars. Pop. 3,544. 

Fairfield, Tuscarawas co., O. It has 2 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $600. 7 sch. 376 scholars. 
Pop. 866. 

Fairfield, t., Huron co., O., 100 n. by e. Co- 
lumbus. It has 7 sch. 284 scholars. Pop. 1,067. 

Fairfield, p-v., Greene co., O., 57 w. by s. 
Columbus, 450 W. Situated on the s. E. side of 
Mad r. It contains 2 churches, an academy, 8 
stores, 1 large grist m., 2 tanneries, various me- 
chanics, 108 dwellings, and about 400 inhabitants. 
It is beautifully situated on a spacious plain, sur- 
rounded by liills. 

Fairfield, p-v.. Nelson co., Ky., 47 s. w. 
Frankfort, 589 W. Situated on a branch of Salt 
river. 

Fairfield, t., Madison co., O. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $2,700 ; 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $350. 
10 sch. 245 scholars. Pop. 505. 

Fairfieli>, p-v., Rockingham co., Va., 135 N. 
w. Richmond, 177 W. 



Fairfield, v., Rockbridge co., Va., 23 s. s. w. 
Stanton. It contains a cliurch, free to all de- 
nominations, and about 2Jdwenings. 

Fairfield, p-v., Bedford co., Tenn., 50 s. by E. 
Nashville. 

Fairfield, p-v., Pickens co., Ala., 56 w. Tus- 
caloosa, 873 W. 

Fairfield, p-v., Frankhn co., la., 73 e. by s. 
Indianapolis, 515 W. 

Fairfield, p-v., and capital of Wayne co., El., 
145 s. E. Springfield, 751 W. Situated on the 
border of Margrave's prairie. It has a handsome 
brick court house, 3 or 4 stores, and aljout 30 
dwellings. Large quantities of castor oil are 
manufactured here. 

Fairfield, p-v., Benton co., Mo., 90 s. w. Jef- 
ferson city, 1,026 W. 

Fairfield, t., Lenawee co., 3Iich. It is a 
flourishing agricultural t., and has 1 saw m., 6 sch. 
169 schools. Pop. 837. 

Fairfield, p-o., Jeflferson co., Iowa. 

Fairfield, p-v., Walworth co.. Wis., 66 s. E. 
aiadison, 810 W. 

Fairfield Cor.ners, p-v., Fairfield t., Somerset 
CO., Me., 28 N. Augusta, 623 W. 

Fair Garde.n, p-o., Sevier co., Tenn., 224 E. 
Nashville, 484 W. 

Fair Grove, p-o., Davidson co., N. C, 96 vv. 
Raleigh, 326 W. 

Fair Grove, p-o., Morgan co., la. 

Fair Haven, p-t., Rutland co., Vt., 79 s. w. 
Montpelier, 451 W. Watered by Castleton and 
Poultney rivers, which unite 3 ms. before enter- 
ing E. Bay in Lake Champlain. The soil, par- 
ticularly along the streams, is fertile. On Castle- 
ton r. are falLs, which afford good water power. 
Chartered in 1779. It has 2 stores, 4 forges, 1 
tannery, 1 paper fac, I grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $20,600. 4 sch. 209 scholars. Pop. 
633. 

Fair Haven, p-t., Bristol co., Ms., 59 s. by E. 
Boston, 436 W. It is situated opposite to New 
Bedford, across Acushnett r., over which is a 
bridge 3,960 feet long. Incorporated in 1812. 
The v. contains 3 churches — 1 Baptist, 1 Congre- 
gational, and 1 Methodist — a bank and an insur- 
ance office. It has considerable shipping, much 
of which is employed in the whale fishery. 
There are in the t. 31 stores, cap. $50,150; 1 
lumber yard, cap. $15,(X)0 ; 2 woollen fac, 2 cot- 
ton fac. 1,760 sp., 1 acad. 40 students, 22 sch. 
1,193 scholars. Pop. 3,951. 

Fair Haven, p-v.. New Haven and East 
Haven ts.. New Haven co., Ct., 33 s. Hartford, 
302 W. Situated on both sides of Quinnipiac 
r., over which is a bridge, 2 e. New Haven C. 
II. It contains 2 churche.s — 1 Congregational 
and 1 Methodist — a flourishing academy, and 
about 1,000 inhabitants. It has been built up 
chiefly by the oyster trade, of which it exports 
great quantities in the winter season. 

Fair Haven, p-v., Israel t., Preble co., O., 112 
w. by s. Columbus, 505 W. It contains I store, 
30 dwellings, and about 1.50 inhabitants. There 
are in the vicinity a splendid Presbyterian church, 
and a steam saw m. 

Fair Haven, p-v., Clinton co., Iowa. 

Fairhaven Furnace, p-o., Humphreys co., 
Tenn., 70 w. Nashville, 754 W. 

Fair Hill, po., Marshall co., Va., 354 n. w. 
Richmond, 261 W. 

Fairlee, p-t.. Orange co., Vt., 38 s. e. Mont- 
pelier, 506 W. The surface is rough and moun- 
tainous, and much of it is imfit for cultivation. A 
bridge across Connecticut r. connects it -with Ox- 
ford, N. H. Chartered in 1761. The timber is 
I mostly pine and hemlock. It has 2 stores, cap. 



FAI 



206 



FAL 



gl,0;>{»; 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manulac. 
§1,175. 6 sch. 245 scholars. Pop. 644. 

Faikmont, p-t, Luzerne co., Pa. It has 4 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $1,750. 3 sch. 112 schol- 
ars. Pop. 594. The post-office is called Fair- 
mont Springs. 

Fairplav, p-c, Pickens dist., S. C, 151 w. n. 
w. Columbia, 566 W. 

Fairplay, p-o., Morgan co., Ga., 51 n. w. Mil- 
ledgeville, 635 W. 

Fairplay, p-v., Greene co., la., 77 s. w. In- 
dianapohs, 644 W. Situated on the w. side of 
While r., and has 1 store, a steam mill, and 10 or 
12 dwellings. 

Fairplay, p-o.. Grant co., Wis., 102 w. Madi- 
son, S92 W. 

Fair Pleasant, p-o., Monroe co., O. 

Fairport, p-v., Elmira t., Chemung co., N. Y., 
192 s, w. Albany, 285 W. Situated on the Che- 
mung canal, at the junction of the feeder, 6 ms 
above Elmira. It contains 1 Pre.sbyterian and 1 
Methodist church, 8 stores, 6 warehouses, 1 grist 
m., 2 tarmeries, 90 dwellings, and about 500 in- 
habitants. 

Fairport, p-v., Painsville t,, Lake co., O., 178 
N. E. Columbus, 352 W. Situated on tlie e. bank 
of Grand r., at its mouth. It has a good harbor 
for lake vessels, and is connected, 3 ms. by a 
railroad, with PainesvUle, of which it is the port. 
It has considerable business, and has a city 
charter, though it is not a large village. 

Fairport, t., Ashtabula co., O. It has 5 sch. 
185 scholars. Pop. 641. 

Fairton, p-v., Fairfield t., Cumberland co., N. 
J., 71 s. by w. Trenton, 182 W. Situated at the 
junction of Mill cr. and Riittlesnake rmi, which 
flow into Cohansey cr. It contains a Methodist, 
and near it a Presbyterian church, 2 stores, 40 
dwellings, and about 240 inhabitants. A bed of 
marl is found here, which adds to the fertility of 
the land. 

Fairview, p-o., Farmersville t., Cattaraugus 
CO., N. Y., 270 w. Albany, 337 W. 

Fairview, p-t., Erie co., Pa., 267 N. W. Har- 
risburg,^ 342 W. Bounded on the n. by Lake 
Erie. The surface is hilly ; soil, gravelly loam. 
Watered by Walnut and Elk creeks. The v. 
is situated at the mouth of Walnut cr., on Lake 
Erie. There are in the t., 1 store, cap. $3,000 ; 
1 paper fac, 2 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $17,000. 10 sch. 278 scholars. Pop. 1,'481. 

Fairview, t., York co.. Pa., 17 n. w. York. 
Surface, partly hilly ; soil, calcareous loam and 
gravel. Watered by Yellow Breeches, Fisliing, 
and Newberry creeks. It has 2 tanneries, 10 
distilleries, 1 flouring m., 3 grist m., 3 saw m., 1 
oil m. Cap. in manufec. $51,900. 12 sch. 370 
scholars. Pop. 1,993. 

Fairview, p-v., Brooke co., Va., 354 n. w. 
Richmond, 267 W. Situated 2 miles E. of Ohio 
r., and 4 w. Pa. line. It contains 2 Presbyterian 
churches, 2 .stores ,2 tanneries, various mechanics, 
4 flouring m., and about 200 uihabitants. It is 
also called New Manchester. 

Fairview, p-v.. Buncombe co., N. C. 245 w. 
Raleigh, 482 W. 

Fairview, p-v., Greenville dist., S. C. 88 N. 
w. Columbia, 514 W. 

Fairview, p-v., Oxford t., Guernsey co., O., 95 
K. Columbus, 298 W. ■* ' ' 

Fairview, p-v Fulton county. 111., 83 n. w. 
Springfield, 809 W. 

Fairview, p-o., Pontotoc co., Miss., 187 n n 
K. Jackson, 839 W. 

Fairview, p-o., Pettis co.. Mo., 80 w. Jeffer- 
son city. 1,016 W. 
Fairville, p-v., Arcadia t., Wayne co., N. Y., 



192 w. Albany, 363 W. It contains 1 x>Iethodist 
church, 2 stores, 25 dwellings, and about 125 
inhabitants. 

Faisox's Depot, p-o., Duplin co., N. C, 70 s. 
E. Raleigh, 300 W. It is situated on the Raleigh 
and Wilmington railroad. 

Falkland, p-o., Pitt co., N. C, 91 e. Raleigh, 
277 W. 

Fall Branch, p-o., Washington co., Tenn., 
274 E. Nashville, 414 W. 

Falley's Cross Roads, p-o., Hampden co., 
Mass., 109 w. s. w. Boston, 376 W. 

Falling Bridge, p-o., Campbell co., Va., 102 
w. s. w. Richmond, 202 W. 

Falling Creek, p-o., Wayne co., N. C, 61 
s. E. Raleigh, 291 W. 

Falling Spring, p-o., Greenbrier co., Va., 
232 w. Richmond, 267 W. 

Falling Waters, p-o., Berkeley co., Va., 178 
N. Richmond, 80 W. Situated on the bank of 
the Potomac, at a singular bend in the r. It con- 
tains 1 flouring m., and, in the vicinity, 1 Presby- 
terian and 2 3Iethodist churches. 

Fallowfield, Crawford co.. Pa. The sur- 
face is hilly ; soil, gravelly. It has 14 stores, 
cap. $29,700 ; 1 fuUmg m., 2 distilleries, 3 grist m., 
7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,305. Pop. 1,673. 

Fall River, p-t., port of entry, Bristol co., 
Mass., 51 s. Boston, 418 W. Situated on both 
sides of Fall r., at its entrance into Mount Hope 
bay, a branch of Narraganset bay. Fall river 
consists of the outlet of Watuppa pond, which is 
11 miles long and 1 broad, 2 miles e. of the town, 
and is an unfailing stream. It falls 140 feet 
within 100 rods, and affords a splendid water 
power. The v. contains 8 churches — 1 Congre- 
gational, 1 Episcopal, 1 Christian, 1 Baptist, 1 
Friends, 1 Methodist, 1 Unitarian, and 1 Roman 
Catholic — 2 banks and an insurance office. It 
has considerable shipping employed in the whale 
fishery. There are in the t. 58 stores, capital 
$105,000; 4 lumber yards, cap. $15,000; 1 fur- 
nace, 1 large iron works, 2 print works, 6 fulling 
m., 1 woollen fac, 9 cotton fac. 32,680 sp., 2 tan- 
neries, 1 pottery, 2 printing offices, 2 weekly 
newspapers, 3 grist m., 4 saw ra. Cap. in manuf. 
$1,436,300. 22 sch. 1,020 scholars. Pop. 6,738. 

Fall Run, p-o., Harrison co., Va., 248 n. w. 
Richmond, 234 W. 

Falls, p-t., Wyoming co.. Pa., 153 s. e. Har- 
risburg, 257 W. It is situated on the E. side of 
the Susquehanna r. The surface is uneven, and 
in part mountainous. The soil is productive in 
grain, grass, and lumber. Watered by Butter- 
milk Falls c, which has a perpendicular fall of 
30 feet. It has 5 stores, cap. $18,400 ; 2 grist m., 
9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,900. 8 sch. 295 
scholars. Pop. 2,108. 

Falls, t., Bucks co.. Pa., 25 n. e. Philadelphia. 
It derives its name from the falls of the Dela- 
ware r., opposite to Trenton. The surface is roll- 
ing ; soil, loam and sand. Watered by Penn's 
and Scott's creeks. A bridge connects this 
place with Trenton. It has 4 stores, capital 
$13,500; 1 flouring m., 2 grist m. Cap. m manu- 
fac. $10,000. 5 sch. 172 scholars. Pop. 2,058. 

Falls, t., Hocking co., O. It contains the 
v. of Logan, the capital of the co. It has 2 sch. 
40 scholars. Pop. 1,625. 

Falls, p-o, Lincoln co., N. C, 191 w. by s. 
Raleigh, 42S W. 

Fallshurgh, p-t., Sullivan co., N. Y., 197 s. 
w. Albany, 304 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, 
gravelly loam. Drained by Neversink r., and 
head branches of Roundout cr. The v. is situ- 
ated on Neversink r., which here affords good 
water power. It has 2 stores, 1 tannery, 1 grist 



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m., 3 saw in., 20 dwellings, and about 125 in- 
habitants. There are in the t., 6 stores, cap. 
$35,400 ; 3 tanneries, 4 grist m., 19 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $125,391. 13 sch. 359 scholars. 
Pop. 1,782. 

Fallsburg, p-t.. Licking co., O., 65 n. e. 
Columbus, 363 W. Situated in the n. e. corner 
of the county. Pop. 910. 

Falls of Schuylkill, p-o., Philadelphia co., 
Pa., 101 E. by s. Harrisburg, 142 W. 

Falls of St. Croix, p-o., St. Croix co.. Wis. 

Fallston, p-t., Beaver co., Pa., 229 w. by n. 
Harrisburg, 255 W. Situated on the w. bank of 
Big Beaver r., wliich affords good water power. 
It has a Friends church and an academy. In- 
corporated in 1829. It has 4 stores, cap. $17,300 ; 

1 furnace, 2 scythe fac, 2 fulling m., 2 woollen 
fac, 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 4 grist m., 4 saw m. 
Cap. inmanufac. $11,925. lsch.40sck. Pop. 565. 

Fallstown, p-v., Iredell co., N. C, 151 vv. 
Raleigh, 388 W. 

Falls Village, p-v., Canaan t., Litchfield co., 
Ct., 45 w. N. w. Hartford, 337 W. Situated on 
the E. side of the Housatonic r., a little below the 
Great Falls. It contains a forge and an anchor 
shop. 

Falmouth, p-t., Cumberland co.. Me., 6 n. 
Portland, 45 s. w. Augusta, 550 W. Watered 
by Presumscut river. The soil is generally fer- 
tile. Incorporated in 1718, and included, with 
the city of Portland, in Falmouth. It has a con- 
siderable number of vessels employed in the 
coasting and fishing trade. It has 7 stores, cap. 
$2,250 ; 1 tannery, 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
.$2,281. 1 acad. 54 students, 18 sch. 647 scholars. 
Pop 2,589. 

Falmouth, p-t., Barnstable co., Mass., 75 s. by 
E. Boston, 465 W. It is situated on the s. w. 
point of Cape Cod, between Buzzard's bay and 
Vineyard sound. The soil is light, but the most 
fertile on the cape. It has several good harbors, 
of which the best is Wood's Hole, iu the s. w. 
part of the t., which has from 3 to 6 fothoms of 
water. Two small streams in the t. afford water 
power. It has some manufactures, but more 
shipping, much of which is employed in the 
coasting trade and the fisheries. There were in 
1840, 38,180 bush, of salt produced, and $150,000 
invested in the fisheries ; 16 stores, cap. $29,500 ; 

2 lumber yards, cap. $2,500; 2 fulling m., 1 
woollen fac, 1 tannery, 5 grist m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $39,150 ; 1 acad. 20 students, 13 sch. 837 
scholars. Pop. 2,071. 

Falmouth, p-v., Donegal t, Lancaster co.. Pa., 
15 s. E. Harrisburg, 117 W. Situated on the 
Susquehanna r., at the junction of Conewago cr., 
opposite to York Haven. It contains 20 dwell- 
ings and about 125 inhabitants. 

Falmouth, p-v., Stafford co., Va., 64 N. Rich- 
mond, 55 W. Situated on tiie n. side of Rap- 
pahannock r., at the foot of the Falls, nearly op- 
po.site to Fredericksburg. A bridge here crosses 
the Rappahannock river. It contains 1 church, 
free to all denominations, 13 stores, 3 flouring m., 
producing 30,(X)0 barrels annually, 3 grist m., 
various mechanic shops, 80 dwellings, and about 
500 inhabitants. 

Falmouth, p-v., capital of Pendleton co., Ky., 
40 s. s. E. Cincinnati, 60 n. e. Frankfort, 514 W. 
Situated at the junction of a main s. w. branch 
with Licking r. It contains a court house and 
several stores and dwellings. 

Fancy Farm, p-o., Franklin co.. III., 170 s. by 
E. Springfield, 801 W. 

Fancy Hill, p-o., Rockbridge co., Va., 164 w. 
by N. Riclimond, 206 W It contains 1 store and 
several dwellings. 



Fancy Hill, p o., Iredell co., N. C, 151 w. 
Raleigh, 388 W. 

Fannet, t., Franklin ro.. Pa., 16 n. Chambers- 
burg. The surface is mountainous; soil, cal- 
careous loam and slate. Watered by Tuscarora 
cr. It has Tuscarora Mountain on its w. border. 
It has 5 stores, cap. $10,100 ; 2 tanneries, 6 grist 
m., 8 saw m., 2 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $8,300. 
8 sch. 275 scholars. Pop. 1,858. 

Fannettsburg, p-v.. Metal t., Franklin co., 
Pa., 59 s. by w. Harrisburg, 107 W. Situated on 
the w. branch of Conecocheague cr. It contains 
about 25 dwellings. 

Farley, p-o., Culpepper, co., Va., 107 n. by 
w. Richmond, 91 W. 

Farlow's Grove, p-o., Mercer co., 111., 148 n. 
w. Springfield, 878 W. 

Farm Hill, Poinsett co.. Ark. 

Farmer, p-o., (in Farmersville v.,) Seneca co., 
N. Y., 180 w. Albany, 313 W. The v. is on ele- 
vated ground, and contains 2 churches, 5 stores, 
70 dwellings, and about 450 inhabitants. 

Farmer, t., Williams co., O. It has 2 sch. 27 
scholars. Pop. 281. 

Farmers, p-o., Meriwether co., Ga., 107 w. 
Milledgeville, 726 W. 

Farmers Crf.ek, p-o., Lapeer co., Mich., 54 
N. Detroit, 577 W. 

Farmers Grove, p-o., Southampton co., Va., 
58 s. by E. Richmond, 177 W. 

Farmers Mills, p-o., Kent t., Putnam co. 
N. Y. 

Farmers Valley, p-o., McKean co.. Pa. 

Farmersville, j>-t., Cattaraugus co., N. Y., 
279 w. by s. Albany, 332 W. Situated on ele- 
vated ground, dividing the waters which flow n 
into Lake Erie, e. into Genesee r., and s. into 
Alleghany r. The v. contains 2 churches, 1 
store, 20 dwellings, and about 125 inhabitants. 
There are in the t., 1 store, cap. $4,000 ; 2 tan- 
neries, 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,700. 12 
sch. 446 scholars. Pop. 1,294. 

Farmersville, p-o., Susquehanna co., Pa., 
166 N. by E. Harrisburg, 273 W. 

Far.mersville, p-o., Montgomery co., O., 86 
w. Columbus, 479 W. 

Farmersville, p-o., Lowndes co., Ala., 114s. 
e. Tuscaloosa, 875 W. 

Farmersville, p-v., capital of Union parish, 
La., 333 N. w. New Orleans, 1,223 W. Situated 
on the N. side of the Bayou D'Arbonne. It con- 
tains a court house and several dwellings. 

Farmingham, p-o., Barre t., Orleans co., N. 
Y., 250 w. by n. Albany, 3J4 W. 

Farmington, p-t., and capital of Franklin co., 
Me., 32 N. w. Augusta, 621 W. The v. is situ- 
ated at the junction of Sandy and Little Nor- 
ridgewock rivers, which afford good water power. 
The t. was incorporated in 1794, and has a good 
soil, well adapted to the production of wheat. 
It has 19 stores, cap. $47,725 , 1 fulling m., 4 tan- 
neries, 2 potteries, 1 printing office, 1 weekly 
new.spaper, 5 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $20,403. 19 sch. 758 scholars. Pop. 2,613. 

P'armington, p-t., Straffijrd co., N. H., 38 e. 
.\. E. Concord, 513 W. Incorporated in 1798. 
Watered by Cocheco r. The surface is uneven 
and mountainous. Near the v. is a rock v^eigh- 
ing 60 or 80 tons, so balanced as to be slightly 
moveable by the hand. It has 5 stores, cap. 
$8,700 ; 3 tanneries, 3 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. m 
manufac. $.5,850. 17 sch. 428 scholars. Pop. 1,380. 

Far.mington, p-t., Hartford co., Ct., 9 w. by s, 
Hartford, 331 W. The soil on Farmington r., 
which waters it, is excellent, and the t. is rich in 
its agricultural products, though much of the soil 
is light and sandy. Incorporated in 1645. It is 



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situated between 2 mountain ridges, running n. 
N. E. and s. s. w. The v. is situated on an ele- 
vated plain, at the base of the e. range, and lies 
chiefly on one extended street, containing a Con- 
gregational and Methodist church, a flourishing 
academy, and about 100 dwellings, many of 
them elegant. The t. has a school fund of 
$10,000, besides what it receives from the state 
fund. The Farmington canal, extending from 
New Haven to Northampton, Mass., passes 
through it. Tliere are in the t., 8 stores, cap. 
$37,000 ; 1 paper fac, 3 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. 
Ill manufac. $39,500. 11 sch. 558 scholars. Pop. 
2,041. 

Farmington, p-t., Ontario co., N. Y., 205 
w. Albany, 351 W. The surface is level ; soil, 
generally stiff clay, difficult of cultivation, but 
productive. Drained by Mud cr., which enters 
Canandaigua outlet, and affords water power. 
The Auburn and Rochester railroad passes 
through the s. w. corner of the t. Large tracts 
of water limestone are found here. It has 2 
Btores, cap. $8,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 
1 tannery, 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 2 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $69,427. 1 acad. 40 students, 
16 sch. 740 scholars. Pop. 2,122. 

Farmi.\gto.v, t., Venango co.. Pa. It has 2 
stores, cap. $7,000 ; 1 furnace, 2 grist m., 7 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $5,300. 1 sch. 18 schol- 
ars. Pop. 799. 

Farmington, p-o., Fayette co., Pa. 

Farmington, t., Tioga co.. Pa. It has 2 grist 
m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,700. 4 sch. 
8 1 scholars. Pop. 503. 

Farmington, p-t., Trumbull co., O., 166 n. e. 
Columbus, 317 W. It lies on the head waters of 
Grand r. It has 1 acad. 179 students, 10 sch. 400 
scholars. Pop. 1,172. 

Farmington, p-t., Oakland co., Mich., 20 n. 
w. Detroit, 542 W. Watered by the N. branch 
of Rouge r., and Power's cr. It has 3 stores, 
cap. $16,350 ; 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 2 flouring 
m., 2 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufactures 
$13,400. 18 sch. 471 scholars. Pop. 1,684. 

Farmington, p-v., capital of Van Buren co., 
Iowa. It is pleasantly located, and surrounded 
by a fine agricultural country, which abounds 
with iron ore, coal, and building stone. 

Farmington, p-v., Davie co., N. C, 133 w. 
Raleigh, 344 W. 

Farmington, p-v . Marshall co., Tenn., 54 s. 
Nashville, 698 W. It is on a branch of Duck r., 
and has 1 Cumberland Presbyterian church, and 
100 inhabitants. 

Farmington, p-v., Clarke co., Ga., 62 n. by 
w. Milledgeville, 620 W. 

Farmington, p-v., Fulton co., 111., 78 n. w. 
Springfield, 809 W. It is in the N. E. corner of 
the county, and is surrounded by a rich, rolling 
prairie. 

Farmington, p-o., Tishemingo co., Miss., 248 
E. N. E. Jackson, 845 W. 

Farmington, p-v., capital of St. Francis co.. 
Mo. 139 s. E. Jefferson city, 901 W. It is on the 
head waters of Big River, and contains a court 
house, jail, 6 stores, 3 churches— 1 Baptist, 1 
Itoman ( atholic, and 1 Methodist— 2 schools, and 
250 inhabitants. 

Farmingto.n Falls, p-v., Farmington t., 
Frankhn co.. Me,, 27 n. w. Augusta, 618 w! 
bituatcd on Sandy r., 5 ms. above Farmington v., 
and contams a flourishing academy 

Farmville, p-v., Prince Edward co Va 70 
>y. s. w Richmond, 160 W. Situated on the s. 
side of Appomattox r. Incorporated in 1832 It 
has 2 churches-l Presbyterian and 1 Methodist 
—^ large tobacco warehouses, and 5 tobacco fac- 



tories, employing 250 persons, various mechanic 
shops, and about 900 inhabitants. Batteaux 
navigate the r., to Petersbui-g, at all seasons of 
the year. 

Farnham, p-o., Richmond co., Va., 69 s. E. 
Richmond, 128 W. 

Farnumsville, p-v., Northbridge t, Worces- 
ter CO., Mass., 39 w. s. w. Boston, 496 W. 

Farrandsville, p-v., Clinton co.. Pa., 115 n. 
w. Harrisburg, 207 W. Situated on the n. side 
of the w. branch of the Susquehanna r. It con- 
tains several stores and dwellings. 

Farrell Place, p-o., Clinton co., N. Y., 174 
N. Albany, 549 W. 

Far Rockaway, v., Hempstead t,., Queens 
CO., N. Y. Situated on a peninsula, between Ja- 
maica bay and the Atlantic, and contains 1 Meth- 
odist church and about 25 dwellings. One mile 
w. is the Marine Pavilion and Rock Hall, two 
splendid boarding houses. The former, near the 
beach, is one of the most fashionable watering 
places in the vicinity of New York. 

Farrowsville,p-o., Fauquier co., Va., 127 n. 
Richmond, 70 W. 

Far View, p-o., Warren co., Ky., 137 s. w. 
Frankfort, 661 W. 

Far West, p-o., Johnson co., la., 15 s. Indian- 
apolis, 586 W. 

Far West, p-v., capital of Caldwell co.. Mo., 
169 N. w. Jefferson city, 1,072 W. It is 1 mile s. 
of Shoal cr., and 30 n. of the Missouri r. Pop. 
500. This place was originally settled by the 
Mormons, who were driven hence by force, by 
the state authorities. 

Farensdale, p-o., Marengo co., Ala. 

FAuauiER, county, Va., situated toward the n. 
e. part of the state, and contains 720 square ms. 
Drained by head branches of the Rappahannock 
and the Ocoquan rivers. The surface is pleas- 
antly diversified, and the soil moderately produc- 
tive. Capital, Warrenton. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 26,184, sheep 35,055, swine 36,573; 
wheat 362,227 bush, produced, rye 34,576, Ind. 
corn 670,275, buckwheat 6,45 4, oats 305,661, pota- 
toes 56,650, hops 626 pounds, tobacco 54,478, silk 
cocoons 74 ; 52 stores, cap. $381,100 ; 1 fulling 
m., 1 woollen fac, 19 tanneries, 14 distilleries, 24 
flouring m., 76 grist m., 45 saw m., 2 printing of- 
fices, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. 
$126,384. 9 acad. 313 students, 40 sch. 1,208 
scholars. Pop. whites 10,501, slaves 10,708, free 
col'd 688 ; total, 21,897. 

Fausse Riviere, a lake of La., formerly the 
bed of the Mississippi, until about 1714, when the 
river took a shorter course, and filling up the old 
channel, near its junction with the new, left the 
remainder an extended lake. The banks consist 
of a very fertile soil, covered with fine farms. 

Fawcetts Store, p-o., Orange co., N. C, 70 
N. w. Raleigh, 290 W. 

Fawn Grove, p-t., York co.. Pa., 49s. e. Har- 
risburg. It extends from Muddy cr. to the Mary- 
land line. It has 3 stores, cap. $3,100 ; 1 tanne- 
ry, 4 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $25,330. 
4 sch. 80 scholars. Pop. 859. 

Fawn River, t., St. Joseph co., Mich. Pop. 
220. 

Fayette, county. Pa. Situated in the s. w. 
part of the state, and contains 824 sq. ms. The 
surface in the e. part is mountainous, having Lau- 
rel Hill and ( hesnut Ridge. The soil is fertile, 
and well cultivated. Coal, iron ore, and salt 
springs are found. There are also sulphur springs. 
Mononguhela r. flows on its w. boundary. Water- 
ed by Voughiogheny r., and Brown's, Dunlap, 
Redstone, and Cook's creeks. At the Ohiopile 
falls, the Yougliiogheny r. descends 60 feet in the 



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209 



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space of a mile. Capital, Union. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 30,237, sheep 54,007, swine 
30,568 ; wheat 334,297 bush, produced, rye 27,226, 
Ind. corn 551,114, buckwheat 20,566, oats 560,172, 
potatoes 98,118, bituminous coal 1,350,610; to- 
bacco 7,140 potmds, silk cocoons 90, sugar 84,551 ; 
107 stores, cap. $426,060 ; 9 furnaces, 3 forges, 4 
fulling m., 6 woollen fac, 30 tanneries, 17 distil- 
leries, 1 brewery, 6 glass fac, 1 glass cutting es- 
tablishment, 6 potteries, 16 flouring m., 61 grist 
ra., 139 saw ra., 4 oil m., 4 paper fac, 4 printing 
offices, 1 bindery, 2 periodicals, 4 weekly news- 
papers. Cap. in manufac. $369,983. 1 college, 
119 students, 103 schools, 2,973 scholars. Pop. 
33,574. 

Fayette, county, Va. Situated in the w. part 
of the state. Watered by New r., a main branch 
of Great Kanawha r. This r. is exceedingly rap- 
id and precipitous. Gauley r., the other constitu- 
ent branch of the Great Kanawha, runs on the 
line of the co. a few miles. Clear and March 
forlvs of Coal r. rise in tliis county. The surface 
is mountainous, and the soil sandy loam. On 
New r., 2 ms. from Fayetteville, is Long Point, 
which projects into the r., the top of which con- 
sists of a flat rock, covering 2 acres, elevated 
1,500 feet above the level of the water. At 6 
ms. from the v. is Hawk's Nest, or Marshall's 
Pillar, a naked, perpendicular rock, 1,100 feet 
above New r. There are several interesting re- 
mains of ancient fortifications in this co. Capi- 
tal, Favetteville. There were in 1840, neat cat- 
tle 4,28"6, .sheep 4,594, swine 6,537; wheat 11,125 
buish. produced, rye 4,481, Ind. corn 104,672, oats 
63,957, potatoes 14,754 ; 8 stores, cap. $20,700 ; 
4 tanneries, 26 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $30,075. Pop. whites 3,773, slaves 133, free 
col'd 18 ; total, 3,924. 

Fayette, county, O. Situated a little s. w. 
of the centre of the state, and contains 415 sq. 
ms. The surface is generally level ; soil, mode- 
rately good. Drained by Deer and Paint creeks. 
First settled in 1805, from Virginia and Kentucky. 
Capital, Washington. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 15,642, sheep 22,680, swine 31,714 ; wheat 
144,3.35 bushels produced, rye 6,328, Indian corn 
604,506, buckwheat 1,325, oats 99,047, potatoes 
11,722, sugar 14,051 pounds; 25 stores, capital 
$91,045 ; 3 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 2 flouring m., 
1 grist m., 12 saw m., 2 printing offices, 1 weekly 
newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $17,650. 75 sch. 
1,990 scholars. Pop. 10,984. 

Fayette, county, Ga. Siuated a little n. w. 
of the centre of the state, and contains 545 sq. 
ms. Drained by the head streams of Flint river. 
Surface, level ; soil, fertile. Capital, Fayette- 
ville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 6,582, 
sheep 2,390, swine 13,466 ; wheat 2S,010 bush, 
produced, Ind. corn 228,957, oats 17,902, potatoes 
3,586, tobacco 1,675 pounds, cotton 1,980,113; 18 
stores, cap. $43,600 ; 8 distilleries, 3 flouring m., 
7 grist m., 4 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 periodical, 
1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $7,095. 
1 acad. 32 students, 3 sch. 324 scholars. Pop. 
whites 4,827, slaves 1,334, free col'd 30 ; total, 
6,191. 

Fayette, coimty, Ala. Situated in the w. 
part of the state, toward the n., and contains 
1,250 sq. ms. Drained by Sipsey and Battahatchy 
rivers, and Luxapatilla cr., branches of Tombig- 
by r. Surface, undulating ; soil, fertile. Capital, 
Fayette C. H. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
10,517, sheep 3,112, swine 20,349; wheat 22,852 
bush, produced, Ind. corn 283,640, oats 12,328, 
potatoes 5,986, cotton 612,895 pounds ; 8 stores, 
cap. $11,550 ; 2 tanneries, 14 distilleries, 20 grist 
m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,996. 13 
27 



sch. 273 scholars. Pop. whites 5,961, slaves 981 : 
total, 6,942. 

Fayette, county, Ky. Situated a little n. e. 
of the centre of the state, and contains 275 sq. ms. 
Kentucky r. runs for a short distjuice on the s. 
border of the county. Drained by the sources of 
Elkhom r. The surface is an elevated table land, 
from vvhich the streams flow in all directions, but 
eventually fall into Kentucky r. The soil is ex- 
ceedingly fertile. Capital, Lexington. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 19,431, sheep 24,262, 
swine 41,894 ; wheat 109,998 bush, produced, rye 
163,563, Ind. corn 1,006,959, oats 135,648, potatoes 
35,204, flax and hemp 1,312 tons, tobacco 52,900 
poimds, sugar 665 ; 2 commission houses, cap 
$35,500 ; 73 stores, cap. $890,735 ; 3 woollen fac, 
1 cotton fac. 2,300 sp., 1 dyeing and printing es- 
tablishment, 3 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 1 brewery, 
1 powder m., 21 rope fac, 5 flouring m., 21 grist 
m., 11 saw m., 2 paper fac, 4 pruning offices, 1 
bindery, 7 periodicals, 3 weekly and 2 semi- 
weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $685,740. 
1 college, 389 students, 7 acad. 253 students, 44 
sch. 1,325 scholars. Pop. whites 10,885, slaves 
10,710, free col'd 599 ; total, 22,194. 

Fayette, county, Tenn. Situated in the s. 
w. part of the state, and contains 576 sq. ms. 
Drained by Loosahatchy and Wolf rivers. "The 
soil is excellent. A railroad from La Grange, in 
this county, extends to Memphis, on the Missis- 
sipi>i r., and a branch of it extends to Somerville. 
Capital, Somerville. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 18,164, sheep 10,793, swine 53,828; wheat 
42,593 bush, produced, Indian corn 887,590, oats 
79,705, potatoes 50,027, tobacco 10,150 pounds, 
cotton 3,685,580; 36 stores, cap. $232,200 ; 3 tan- 
neries, 10 flouring m., 14 grist m., 8 saw m., 2 
printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in 
manufac. $43,150. 6 acad. 215 students, 31 sch. 
786 scholars. Pop. whites 10,573, slaves 10,885, 
free col'd 43; total, 21,501. 

Fayette, county, la. Situated in the e. part 
of the state, and contams 400 sq. ms. Rolling in 
the e., level in the w. part. Most fertile to the 
N. and E. Drained by the branches of White- 
water r., which unite in the centre of the county, 
and produce an immense water power. Capital, 
Connersville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
9,257, sheep 15,784, swme 31,343 ; wheat 70,439 
bush, produced, rye 7,989, Ind. corn 711,855, oats 
123,815, potatoes 16,794, sugar 28,721 pounds ; 21 
stores, cap. $29,800 ; 1 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 5 
distilleries, 2 flouring m., 6 grist m., 14 saw m., 2 
oil m., 1 printing ofl^ce, 1 weekly newspaper. 
Cap. in manufac. $60,513. 1 acad. 125 students, 
14 sch. 447 scholars. Pop. 9,837. 

Fayette, county. 111. Situated a httle s. of 
the centre of the state, and contains 648 sq. ms. 
The surface is level, and contains prairie and 
woodland. Drained by Kaskaskia river and its 
branches. The lands on Kaskaskia r. are liable 
to be overflowed, and often contain small lakes 
and ponds. The surface around Vandalia is un- 
dulating and timbered, but the soil is indifferent. 
Capital, Vandalia. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 8,212, sheep 4,652, swine 17,439; wheat 
16,906 bush, produced, Ind. corn 252,330, oats 
45,242, potatoes 9,719, tobacco 3,500 pounds; 12 
stores, cap. $72,400; 1 tannery, 14gi-ist m.,8saw 
m., 2 printing office.?, 2 daily newspapers. Cap. 
in manuiac $17,825. 10 sch. 280 scholars. Pop. 
6,328. 

Fayette, p-t., Kennebec co.. Me., 18 w. n. w. 
Augusta, 600 W. Incorporated in 1795. Water- 
ed by a branch of Sandy r. It has a good soil, 
adapted to grain and to grazing. It has 3 stores, 
cap. $7,000; 1 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 1 grist m , 



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210 



FEL 



4 saw m. Cap. iii maniifac. $10,200. 9 sch. 386 
scholars. Pop. 1,016. 

Fayette, p-t., Seneca co., N. Y., 178 w. Al- 
bany, 334 W. iTie surface is level ; soil, pro- 
ductive. It is bounded by Cayuga lake en the 
E. and Seneca lake on the w. Seneca r. flows 
on its N. w. border, and several small tributa- 
ries enter it from tliis t. Seneca r. and Canoga 
or., which flows from a warm spring, afford wa- 
ter power. Gypsum and limestone are found. 
It has 4 stores, cap. $1,200 ; 1 tannery, 2 flouring 
m., 2 grist m., 4 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $11,166. 9 sch. 430 scholars. Pop. 3,731. 

Fayette, v., and port of entry, Hanover t., 
Chautauque co., N. Y. Situated at the mouth 
of Silver creek, on Lake Erie. It contains 1 
church, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 clothier's works, 1 
distillery, and a good steamboat landing. 

Fayette, v., Guilford t., Chenango co., N. Y. 
It contains 1 Episcopal and 1 Methodist church, 
3 stores, 1 grist ra., 2 saw m., and 2 tanneries. 

Fayette, p-t., Alleghany co., Pa., 214 w. Har- 
risburg, 23'J W. The surface is hilly ; soil, loam. 
Coal is abundant. Drained by branches of 
Chartiers cr. It has 4 stores, cap. $9,000 ; 3 tan- 
neries, 5 flouring m., 5 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $8,800. 14 sch. 420 scholars. Pop. 
2,484. 

Fayette, p-v., Cecil co., Md., 87 n. e. Annap- 
olis, 91 W. 

Fayette, p-v., capital of JeflTerson co.. Miss., 
80 s. w. Jackson, 25 n. e. Natchez, 1,091 W. It 
is very pleasantly situated, and contains a court 
house, church, and several neat dwellings. 

Fayette, t., Lawrence co., O. It has 6 sch. 
115 scholars. Pop. 842. 

Fayette, t., Hillsdale co., Mich. It has 9 stores, 
cap. $50,000 ; 1 printing office, 3 weekly news- 
papers, 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$19,000. 3 sch. 181 scholars. Pop. 807. 

Fayette, p-v., capital of Howard co.. Mo., 61 
N. w. Jefferson city, 966 W. Situated on the e. 
side of Bonne Femine cr. It has a court house, 
a U. S. land office, a college, an academy, two 
churches, 15 stores, and 1,000 inhabitants. 

Fayette, p-v., Greene co., 111., 57 s. w. Spring- 
field, 829 W. 

Fayette Corner, p-v., Fayette co., Tenn., 
77 s. Nashville, 862 W. 

Fayette, C. H., p-v., capital of Fayette co., 
Ala., 40 N. w. Tuscaloosa, 842 W. Situated 2 
ms. w. of Sipsey r. It contains a court house, 
and several dwellings. 

Fayetteville, p-v., Newfane t., capital of 
Windham Co., Vt., 115 s. Blontpelier, 434 W. It 
contains a court house, jail, a Congregational 
church, and an academy. The site is elevated, 
and the prospect from it extensive and pictur- 
esque. 

Fayetteville, p-v., Manlius t., Onondaga co., 
N. Y., 123 w. by N. Albany, 348 W. Situated 
near the Erie canal, with which it is connected 
by a feeder. It contains 3 churches— 1 Presby- 
terian, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist— an academy, 6 
stores, 1 flouring m., 2 saw m., 1 tannery, 120 
dwellings, and about 800 inhabitants. 

Fayetteville, p-v.. Green t., Franklin co., 
Pa., 52 w. s. w. Harri.sburg, 94 W. Situated on 
the turnpike from Gettysburg to Chambersburg, 
18 ms. from the former, and 9 from the latter. 

Fayetteville, p-v., capital of Fayette co 
Va., 289 w. Richmond, 326 W. Situated 2 ms. 
w. of New river, a little above ils junction with 
Ckiuley r. to form the Great Kanawha. It con- 
tains a court house and several dwellings. 

Fayetteville, p-v., capital of Cumberland 
CO., N. C, is situated 1 mile from the w. bank of 



Cape Fear r., at the head of uninterrupted boat 
navigation, in 53° 3' n. lat., 79° 58' w. Ion., 60 s. 
Raleigh, 95 n. n. w. Wilmington, 159 n. e. Co- 
lumbia, 348 W. Pop. 1820, 3,532; 1830, 2,868; 
1840, 4,285. It is regularly laid out, with streets 
100 feet wide. It has 3 churches, a court house, 
2 banks, and a U. S. arsenal of construction. Its 
trade in grain, flour, tobacco, and naval stores, is 
considerable. In 1831, a most disastrous fire de- 
stroyed a considerable portion of the place, which 
so e.xcited the sympathies of the people through- 
out the United States, that they contributed about 
$92,000 for the relief of the sufferers. The place 
has in a great measure recovered from the disas- 
ter. There were in 1840, 52 stores, cap. $372,400 ; 
7 cotton fac. 13,234 sp., 1 flouring m., 4 grist m., 
2 saw m., 2 oil m., 2 printing offices^ 2 weekly 
newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $384,000. 4 acad. 
150 students, 4 sch. 95 scholars. 

Fayetteville, p-v., capital of Fayette co., 
Ga., 85 w. N. w. Milledgeville,689 W. Situated 
on a branch of Flint r. It contains a courthouse, 
jail, and about 60 dwellings. 

Fayetteville, p-v., Talladega co., Ala., 87 
E. Tuscaloosa, 780 W. 

Fayetteville, p-v., capital of Lincoln co., 
Tenn., 86 s. Nashville, 716 W. Situated on the 
N. side of Elk r. It contains a court house and 
several stores and dwellings. 

Fayetteville, jvv., capital of Washington 
CO., Ark., 196 n. w. Little Rock, 1,185 W. Situ- 
ated on the N. w. side of Wliite r., and contains 
the usual county buildings, a U. S. land office, 
and several stores and dwellings. The t. has 1 
sch. Pop. 425. 

Fayetteville, p-v.. Perry t., Brown co., O., 
94 s. w. Columbus, 467 W. 

Fayetteville, p-v., St. Clair co.. 111., 100 s. 
Springfield, 810 W. Situated on the w. side of 
Kaskaskia r. It has an elevated and pleasant 
situation. It was long known as Pulliam's Ferry. 

Fayston, t., Washington co., Vt., 16 w. s. w. 
Montpelicr. The surface is mountainous ; soil, 
along the streams, fertile. Watered by Mad r. 
Chartered in 1782. It has 4 saw m. Cap. hi 
manufac. $2,075. 5 schools, 167 scholars. Pop. 
635. 

Fearing, p-t., Washington co., O., 109 e. s. e. 
Columbus, 305 W. Situated on the main waters 
of Duck creek. The surface is broken and hilly, 
but the soil is good for grain and grazing. Duck cr. 
affords water power. It has 7 sch. 274 scholars. 
Pop. 1,019. 

Fearn's Springs, p-o., Winston co., Miss., 
108 N. E. Jackson, 906 W. 

Fearnsville, p-o.. Isle of Wight co., Va. 

Feastersville, p-o., Bucks co., Pa., 115 e. 
Harrisburg, 155 W. 

Federalsburg, p-v., Dorchester co., Md., 65 
s. E. Annapolis, 105 W. Situated on Marshy 
Hope cr. 

Federal Store, p-o., Dutchess co., N. Y., 59 
s. Albany, 326 W. 

Federalton, p-v., Rome t., Athens co., O., 92 
s. E. Columbus, 326 W. Situated on the e. side 
of Hocking r., at the mouth of Federal cr. 

Feeding Hills, p-o., Hampden co., Ms., 97 
w. by s. Boston, 359 W. 

Feesburgh, p-o., Brown co., O., 112 s. by w. 
Columbus, 474 W. 

Felchville, p-o., Windsor co., Vt., 64 s. 
Montpelier, 474 W. 

Feliciana, p-v.. Graves co., Ky., 294 w. 
Frankfort, 820 W. 

Felicity, p-v., Franklin t., Clermont co., O., 
118 s. s. w. Columbus, 478 W. Situated 4 ms. 
from Ohio r., 35 above Cincinnati. It contains 2 



FIN 



211 



FIS 



brick cliurches, 8 stores, various mechanic shops, 
80 dwellings, and about 500 inhabitants. It is 
surrounded by a rich country. 

Felix, p-o., Morgan co., Mo., 45 vv. Jefferson 
city, 981 W. 

Feltonsville, p-v., Middlesex co., Ms., 30 
Boston, 417 W. 

Felts Mills, p-v., Rutland t., Jefferson co., 
JV. Y., 16-2 N. w. Albany, 424 W. 

Femme Osage, p-t., St. Charles co.. Mo., 82 e. 
Jefferson city, 864 W. The v. is situated on the 
N. bank of Missouri r., and is an old French set- 
tlement. Pop. of the t. 1,358. 

Fenner, p-t., Madison co., N. Y., 112 w. by 
N. Albany, 355 W. The surface is undulating ; 
soil, a fertile clay and gravelly loam. Drained 
by Canaseraga and Chittenango creeks. It has 
1 tannery, 2 distilleries, 2 grist m., 9 savk' m. 
Cap. in raamifac. $1,600. 13 sch. 396 scholars. 
Po{). 1,997. 

tENNERSviLLE, p-c, Monroc CO., Pa., 118 N. 
E. Harrisburg, 209 W. 

Fen's Biiidge, p-o., Jefferson co., Ga., 46 e. 
Milledgeville, 650 W. 

Fenter, t.. Hot Spring co., Ark. It has 5 
stores, cap. $2,450 ; 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Pop. 
679. 

Fenton, p-v., St. Louis co.. Mo., 137 e. Jeffer- 
son city, 826 W. Situated on the Marrimec r. 

Fentonville, p-v., Fenton t., Genesee co., 
Mich., 57 N. N. w. Detroit, 579 W. It contains a 
store, a saw m., and several mechanic shops. 
Pop. of the t. 660. 

Fentress, county, Tenn. Situated in the n. 
part of the state, and contains 560 sq. ms. Wa- 
tered by branches of Obey's r. and Wliite Oak 
cr. Capital, Jamestown. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 4,576, sheep 2,990, swine 12,656 ; 
wheat 8,973 bush, produced, Ind. corn 125,380, 
oats 26,041, potatoes 6,751, tobacco 8,366 pounds, 
sugar 14,478; 3 stores, cap. $10,000; 1 woollen 
fac, 1 tannery, 17 distilleries, 14 grist m., 6 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $8,230. Pop. whites 3,465, 
slaves 80, free col'd 5 ; total, 3,550. 

Fentriss, p-o., Guilford co., N. C. 

Fernandina, p-v., Nassau co., nor., 313 e. 
Tallahassee, 776 W. Situated on the n. part of 
Amelia Island. It has the best harbor s. of Ches- 
apeake bay. It contains several stores and neat 
dwellings. 

Ferguson, t.. Centre co., Pa., lis. Bellefonte. 
The surface is mountainous ; soil, in the valleys, 
calcareous loam. Drained by Spring cr. and its 
branches. Iron ore is abundant. It has 4 stores, 
cap. $9,200 ; 3 tanneries, 2 grist m., 3 saw m. 
t'ap. in manufac. $12,700. 6 sch. 200 scholars. 
Pop. 1,254. 

Ferrisburg, t., Addison co., Vt., 19 s. Burling- 
ton, 34 w. Montpelier. Drained by Otter cr., nav- 
igable 8 ms. to Vergennes, Little Otter and Lewis 
creeks, which afford water power. Lake Cham- 
plain bounds it on the w. The surface is hilly 
N., level to the w. The soil is very fertile, adapt- 
ed to grain and to grazing. Bason harbor is an 
excellent port on Lake Champlain, which has 
considerable trade. It has 3 stores, cap. $3,000 ; 
1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 
3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $15,700. 1 acad. 
20 students, 11 sch. 293 scholars. Pop. 1,755. 

Fetherolpville, p-o., Berks co., Pa., 78 e. 
by N. Harrisburg, 170 W. 

Fife, p-o., Talladega co., Ala., 128 e. Tusca- 
loosa, 745 W. 

Fife's, p-o., Goochland co., Va., 43 w. Rich- 
mond, 117 W. 

FiNCASTLE,p-v., capital of Botetourt co., Va., 
175 w. Richmond, 225 W. Pleasantly situated 



on the s. E. declivity of Catawba valley. It con- 
tains a court house, 4 churches, an academy, a 
printing office, issuing a weekly newspaper, I 
flouring m., a carding machine, various mechan- 
ic shops, 300 dwellings, and about 800 inhabit- 
ants. 

FiNCASTLE, p-v., Eagle t.. Brown co., O., 100 
s. by w. Columbus, 465 W. 

FiNCASTLE, p-v., Campbell eo., Tenn., 206 E. 
by N. Nashville, 504 W. It is 6 ms. n. of Powels 
r., and contains 18 inhabitants. 

Finch, t., Jefferson co., Wis. It has 1 store, 
cap. $2,500 ; 2 sch. 21 scholars. Pop. 143. 

FiNCHViLLE, p-o.. New Hope t.. Orange co., 
N. Y., 115 s. by w. Albany, 273 W. 

FiNKSBURG, p-v., Carroll co., Md., 51 n. w. 
Annapolis, 61 W. 

FiNDLAY, t., Alleghany co.. Pa., 15 n. w. Pitts- 
burg. The surface is liilly ; soil, loam. Drained 
by branches of Racoon cr. and by Monture's 
rim. It has 4 stores, cap. $5,600 ; 3 tanneries, 2 
flouring m., 2 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $4,400. 7 sch. 245 scholars. Population, 
1,367. 

FiNDLEY, p-t., capital of Hancock co., O., 90 
N. w. Columbus, 456 W. The v. is situated on 
the s. side of Blanchard's fork of Auglaize r. It 
was laid out in 1823. It contains a court house, 
jail, 2 stores, 50 dwellings, and 469 inhabitants. 
There are in the t. 10 stores, cap. $29,250; 2 tan- 
neries, 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 2 
grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $15,777. 
3 sch. 96 scholars. Pop. 554. 

FiNLEYviLLE, p-v., Petcrs t., Washington Co., 
Pa., 195 s. w. Harrisburg, 222 W. 

Finney's Mills, p-o., AmeUa co., Va., 51 s. 
w. Richmond, 170 W. 

Fireplace, p-v., Brookhaven t., Suffolk co., 
N. Y., 212 s. e. Albany, 292 W. Situated on 
the N. of Fireplace Bay, and contains about 25 
dwellings. 

FisHDAM, p-v., Wake co., N. C, 22 s. w. Ra- 
leigh, 282 W. 

Fishdam, p-v.. Union dist., S. C, 61 n. w. Co- 
lumbia, 467 W. Situated on w. side of Broad r 

Flsher's, p-o., Lincoln co., N. C, 71 Raleigh, 
408 W. 

Fishersborough, p-v., Franklin co., Va., 175 
w. s. w. Richmond, 250 W. 

FisHERSBURGH, p-o., Madison co., la. 

Fishersville, p-v., Windham co., Ct., 50 e. 
by N. Hartford, 386 W. 

Fishersville, p-o., Augusta co., Va. 

Fisher's Island, N. Y., lies off the e. end of 
Long Island, 14 ms. from the shore. It is 8 ms. 
long and 1 wide, owneil by one proprietor, and 
sustains a very productive dairy. 

Fish House, v., Northampton t., Fidton co., 
N. Y. Situated on Sacandaga r., a branch of the 
Hudson, on a beautiful plain, and has 1 church, 
7 stores, 40 dwellings, and about 250 inhabitants. 
Founded by Sir William Jolmson, who here 
erected a house for fishing, and for trading with 
the Indians. 

Fishing Creek, p-o.. Cape May co., N. J., sit- 
uated on a small creek of the same name, which 
flows 5 ms. to Delaware bay. 

FisHiNG Creek, p-t., Columbia co.. Pa., 101 n. 
by E. Harrisburg, 212 W. The surface is moun- 
tainous; soil, clay and gravel. Watered by 
Fishing cr. It has 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $1,700. 3 sch. 82 scholars. Pop. 904. 

Fishing Creek, p-o., Tyler co., Va. 

J'isHKiLL, p-t., Dutchess co., N. Y., 88 s. Al- 
bany. The surface is undulating n., mountain- 
ous s. The soil is very fertile. Watered by 
Wappinger's cr. and Fishkill cr., which flow into 



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the Hudson r., which last bounds it on the vv. 
It has several convenient landings. The central 
V. is on Fishkill cr., 5 ms. e. of Fishkill Landing. 
It contains 3 churches, an academy, 8 stores, 
and about 800 inhabitants. The t. presents much 
grand and picturesque scenery. It has 29 stores, 
cap. ©98,600; 2 lumber yards, cap. $6,000; 1 
fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 3 cotton fac. 11,912 sp., 
5 tanneries, 7 flouring m., 6 grist m., 7 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $817,050. 3 acad. 49 students, 
20 sch. 887 scholars. Pop. 10,437. 

Fishkill Landing, p-v., Fishkill t., Dutchess 
CO., N. Y., 90 s. Albany, 287 W. It is situated at 
the entrance of Fishkill cr. into Hudson r., oppo- 
site to Newburgh, with which it is connected by 
a steam ferry. It contains 3 churches, 1 Dutch 
Reformed, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Methodist, 10 
stores, 1 iron foundry, 1 grist m., and 1 machine 
shop on Fislikill cr., which affords good water 
power. It has 120 dwellings, and about 900 in- 
habitants. 

Fishkill Plains, p-c, Fishkill t., Dutchess 
CO., N. Y., 88 s. Albany, 308 W. 

Fishkill Mountains, called also the High- 
lands of Hudson r., or Matteawan mountains, are 
composed of primitive rocks, and may be regard- 
ed as a branch of the Alleghany mountains. 

Fishing River, t., Ray co., Mo. It has 3 
schools. Pop. 1,845. 

Fish Point, p-o., Rockcastle co., Ky., 85 s. w. 
Frankfort, 553 W. 

Fish's Mills, p-c, Penobscot co., Me., 164 n. 
E. Augusta, 759 W. 

Fish's Store, p-o., Washington co., Ga., 38 s. 
E. Milledgeville, 666 W. 

Fisksburg, p-v., Kenton co., Ky., 44 n. n. e. 
Frankfort, 512 W. Situated on the w. side of 
Licldng r. 

FisKsviLLE, p-v., Providence co., R. I., 13 s. 
w. Providence, 403 W. 

FiTCHBURG, p-t., Worcester co., Ms., 46 w. n. 
w. Boston, 423 W. Chartered in 1764. Water- 
ed by a branch of Nashua r., which aflfords a 
very extensive water power, and on which are 
many manufactories. The surface is liilly ; soil, 
fertile. It has 7 stores, cap. $22,200 ; 12 fulling 
m., 2 woollen fac, 4 cotton fac. 3,820 sp., 1 tan- 
nery, 3 paper fac, 1 printing office, 2 binderies, 
1 weekly newspaper, 2 flouring m., 2 grist m., 6 
saw m. Cap. m manufac. $188,155. 1 acad. 160 
students, 17 sch. 837 scholars. Pop. 2,604. 

FiTCHPORT, p-v., Garrard co., Ky., 44 s. s. e. 
Frankfort, 542 W. 

FiTCHviLLE, p-t., Huron co., O., 98 n. by e. 
Columbus, 389 W. The soil is productive, and 
highly cultivated by enterprising farmers from 
the E. The village contains 2 stores, and a num- 
ber of dwellings. There are in the t., 2 stores, 
cap. $12,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 brewery. Cap. in 
manufac. $500. 9 sch. 320 scholars. Pop. 1,292. 

FiTZwiLLiAM, p-t., Che.shire co., N. H., 60 s. 
W. Concord, 42S W. The surface is liilly and 
rough, but much of the soil is productive, well 
adapted to gi-azing. It contains several large 
ponds. Drained by Camp and Priest brooks. 
It has 3 stores, cap. $13,000; 2 tanneries, 1 grist 
m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $29,850. 1 acad. 
43 students, 12 sch. 425 scholars. Pop. 1,366. 

Five Corners, p-o., Geneva t., Cavuea co 
N. Y., 178 w. Albany, 311 W. ^^ ' 

Flag Spring, p-o., Campbell co., Ky.,90 n n 
B. Frankfort, 497 W. 

Flag Spring, p-o., Gallia co., O., 94 s s f 
Columbus, 387 W. ^ , ^tb. s. e. 

Flag Creek, p-c, Cook co.. 111., 188 n f 

Springfield, 735 W. ' ' ''• ^■ 

Flaggtown, p-v., Hillsborough t., Somerset 



CO., N. J., 24 N. E. Trenton, 196 W. It contains 
12 or 15 dwellings. 

Flanders, p-v., Southampton t., Suffolk co., 
N. Y., 229 s. E. Albany, 309 W. Situated s. side 
of Little Peconic bay, and has 12 or 15 houses. 

Flanders, p-v., Roxbury t , Morris co., N. J., 
55 n. e. Trenton, 225 W. Situated at the e. foot 
of Schooley's Mountain. It contains a Methodist 
church, 2 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., and about 
25 or 30 dwellings. 

Flatbrookville, p-o., Sandystone t, Sussex 
CO., N. J., 85 N. Trenton, 242 W. 

Flatbush, p-t.. Kings co., N. Y., 151 s. Albany, 
5 s. e. New York, 231 W. Siu-face level, with 
some hills ; soil, light loam and sand, fertile when 
well cultivated. The v. is pleasantly situated 
on a plain, 4 miles s. E. Brooklyn. It contains 1 
Dutch Reformed and 1 Episcopal church, Eras- 
mus Hall academy, an old and flourishing insti- 
tution, 2 stores, 50 dwellings, and about 400 in- 
habitants. Near the n. w. boundary of the t., the 
battle of Flatbush or of Long Island was fought, 
in 1776, in which the Americans were defeated 
with great loss. It has 4 stores, cap. $7,500. Cap. 
in manufac. $3,950. 3 acad. 242 students, 3 sch. 
154 scholars. Pop. 2,099. 

F'lat Creek, p-o., Bedford co., Tenn., 66 s. s. 
E. Nashville, 689 W. 

Flat Creek, t., Taney co.. Mo. Pop. 181. 

Flat Creek, p-o., Barry co., Mo., 214 s. w. 
Jefferson city, 1,129 W. 

Flat Creek, t., Pettis cc, Mo. Pop. 621. 

Flatlands, t., Kings co., N. Y., 8 s. e. Brook- 
lyn, 153 s. Albany. The surface is level ; soil, 
sandy loam and sand. To this t. are attached 
Barren island, and some other islands, yielding 
salt hay. The v. contains 1 Dutch Reformed 
church, 2 stores, 20 dwellings, and 100 inhabit- 
ants. There are in the t. 2 stores, cap. $4,800. 
Cap. in manufac. $7,000. 2 sch. 95 scholars. 
Pop. 810. 

Flat Lick, p-c, Claiborne par., La., 401 n. w. 
New Orieans, 1,271 W. 

Flat River, p-c, Kent co., Mich., 148 w. n. 
w. Detroit, 633 W. 

Flat Rock, p-o., Powhatan co., Va., 26 w. 
Richmond, 143 W. 

Flat Rock, p-o., Henderson co., N. C, 280 
w. by s. Raleigh, 510 W. 

Flat Rock, p-c, Kershaw dist., S. C, 49 n. 
E. Columbia, 457 W. 

Flat Rock, p-o., Henry co., Ga., 78 w. n. w. 
Milledgeville, 675 W. 

Flat Rock, p-o., Bourbon cc, Ky., 54 e. 
Frankfort, 516 W. 

Flat Rock, t., Henry co., O. It has 4 stores, 
cap. $2,600 ; 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac $4,000. 1 sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 475. 

Flat Rock, p-o., Shelby co., la., 61 s. e. In- 
dianapolis, 576 W. Situated on a creek of the 
same name, an important mill stream. 

Flat Shoals, p-o., Meriwether co., Ga., 89 
w. Milledgeville, 708 W. 

Flat Woods, p-o., Braxton co., Va., 311 w. 
N. w. Richmond, 279 W. 

Fleetville, p-v., Luzerne co.. Pa., 158 n. e. 
Ilarrisburg, 264 W. 

Fleetwood Academy, p-o.. King and Queen 
CO., Va., 36 E. N. e. Richmond, 124 W. 

Fleming, county, Ky. Situated in the n. e. 
part of the state, and contains 570 sq. ms. The 
E. and s. parts are mountainous ; the remainder 
is undulating. The soil is fertile, underlaid with 
limestone. Licking r. nms on its s. w. border. 
Capital, Flemingsburg. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 10,848, sheep 18,240, swhie 32,677 ; wheat 
149,286 bush, produced, rye 12,873, Indian com 



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213 



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594,812, oats 127,705, potatoes 16,605, tobacco 
20,173 pounds, sugar 93,010; 2 com. houses, 
cap. $11,500; 23stores, cap. $165,400; 1 woollen 
fac, 11 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 8 flouring m., 25 
grist m., 13 saw m., 1 oil m., 1 printing ofliee, 1 
newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $112,384. 2 acad. 
169 students, 15 sch. 469 scholars. Pop. whites 
11,158, slaves 1,992, free colored 118; total, 
13,268. 

Fleming, p-t., Cayuga co., N. Y., 4 s. Auburn, 
128 w. Albany, 359 W. The surface is tindula- 
ting ; soil, a productive clay loam, and well cul- 
tivated. Drained by Crane brook, and by small 
streams entering Owasco lake, which bounds it 
on the E. The v. contains 2 churches, 1 store, 
25 dwellings, and about 150 inhabitants. Pop. 
of the t. 1,317. It has 1 store, cap. $6,000; 1 saw 
m., 8 sch. 406 scholars. 

Fleming's, p-o., Weakley co., Tenn., 121 w. 
by N. Nashville, 806 W. 

Fleming's, p-o., Shelby co., la., 31 s. e. In- 
dianapolis, 569 VV. 

Flemingsburg, p-v., capital of Fleming co., 
Ky., 95 K. by n. Frankfort, 488 W. Situated on 
Stockton run, 1 mile from its junction with Flem- 
ing cr.j and contains 5 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 
1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, 1 Campbellite, and 1 Ful- 
lerite Baptist — 1 academy, and 1 seminary, a 
large and splendid court house, of briclc, with a 
cupola, bell, and clock, 6 stores, 65 dwellings, 
and 591 inhabitants. 

Flemingsville, p-o., Owego t., Tioga co., N. 
Y., 159 s. w. Albany, 280 W. 

Flemington, p-v., Raritan t., capital of Him- 
terdon co., N. J., 25 n. by w. Trenton, 185 W. 
Situated on a valley between the mountains. 
The soil of the surrounding country is red shale, 
and tolerably fertile. It contains 3 churches — 1 
Presbyterian, 1 Methodist, and 1 Baptist — a court 
house, of stone, rough cast, with a front of col- 
umns of the Grecian Ionic order, containing the 
county offices, in the basement of which is the 
jail ; 60 dwellings, many of them with ornamented 
court yards ; and about 350 inhabitants. It has a 
printing office, with a weekly newspaper. 

Flemington, p-v., Wake co., N. C, 15 n. w. 
Raleigh, 293 W. 

Fletcher, p-t., Franklin co., Vt., 52 n. n. w. 
MontpcUer, 540 W. Chartered in 1781. Wa- 
tered at the s. extremity by Lamoille r., by the 
head branch of Black cr., proceeding from a con- 
siderable pond, by Fairfield r., and by Stone's 
brook. The surface is broken, and the soil but 
moderately fertile. It has 2 stores, cap. $2,000 ; 
1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,200. 
7 sch. 130 scholars. Pop. 1,014. 

Fletcher, p-v.. Brown t., Miami co., O., 66 
w. by N. Columbus, 460 W. It contains 1 Meth- 
odist church, 3 stores, 15 mechanic shops, and 
about 150 inhabitants. 

Flicksville, p-v., Northampton co.. Pa., 117 
N. E. Harrisburg, 210 W. 

Flint, p-t., Genesee co., Mich., 61 n. w. De- 
troit, 585 W. It contains 10 stores, 1 grist m., 
and 7 saw m. Pop. 984. 

Flint Creek, p-o., Seneca t., Ontario co., N. 
Y., 184 w. Albany, 349 W. 

Flint Hill, p-o., Rappahannock co., Va., 125 
N. n. w. Richmond, 77 W. 

Flint Hill, p-o., Cabarras co., N. C, 143 w. 
s. w. Raleigh, 380 W. 

Flint Hill, p-o., St. Charles co., Mo., 89 N. 
K. Jefferson city, 850 W. 

Flxnt Island, p-o., Mead co., Ky., 112 w. by 
8. Frankfort, 651 W. 



Flint Mills, p-o., Washington co., O., 129 E. 
s. E. Columbus, 290 W. 

Flint, cr., N. Y., rises in Yates co., and flows 
s. into Ontario co., where it enters the Canan- 
daigua outlet. 

Jlint, r., Ga. The w. head branch rises in 
Campbell co., and the e. in De Kalb co. Its 
whole length is 300 miles, its depth 6 feet, and 
its width 150 yards, where it enters the Chatta- 
hoochee. Steamboats come up to Bainbridge, 
50 miles above its confluence. 

Flint, r., Mich., one of the principal branches 
of Saginaw r., rises in Lapeer co., and pursuing 
a N. w., s. w., and then a n. w. course, m Sagi- 
naw CO. enters Saginaw r., 30 miles from its 
mouth. It is 100 miles long, and affords, with its 
branches, extensive water power. It is boatable 
20 miles from its mouth. 

Flint Rock, p-o., Lincoln co., N. C, 165 w. 
by s. Raleigh, 414 W. 

Flintstone, p-o., Alleghany co., Md., 154 n. 
w. Annapolis, 122 W. 

Flintville, p-v., Marion dist., S. C, 140 E. 
by N. Columbia, 459 W. 

Flora, p-o., Edgar co.. El., 121 e. by s. Spring- 
field, 658 W. 

Florence, p-t., Oneida co., N. Y., 33 N. W. 
Utica, 129 w. n. w. Albany, 414 W. The surface 
is gently undulating ; soil, sandy loam. Drained 
by tributaries of Fish cr. The lands are well 
adapted to grazing. It has 1 store, cap. $6,000; 
2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. ,$9,200. 11 sch. 332 scholars. Pop. 1,259. 

Florence, p-v., Washington co.. Pa., 227 w. 
Harrisburg, 252 W. 

Florence, p-t., St. Joseph co., Mich., 144 w. 
s. w. Detroit, 592 W. Pop. 528. 

Florence, p-v., Stewart co., Ga., 153 s. w. 
Milledgeville, 794 W. Situated on the e. side 
of the Chattahoochee r. 

Florence, p-v., capital, Lauderdale co., Ala., 
135 N. by w. Tuscaloosa, 780 W. Situated on 
the N. side of Tennessee r., 1 mile above the 
mouth of Cypress cr., and immediately below the 
Muscle Shoals. When the water is not low, 
steamboats ascend to this place, and it has great 
advantages for trade. It was laid out in 1818, on 
an elevated plain, 100 feet above the river. 'The 
streets are 100 feet wide, and cross each other at 
right angles. It contains a court house, jail, a 
U. S. surveyor general's office, 2 churches — 1 
Presbyterian, 1 Methodist — 2 female academies, 
and about 2,000 inhabitants. There is a large 
cotton fac. in the vicinity. 

Florence, p-v., Boone co., Ky., 76 n. Frank- 
fort, 502 W. It is situated about 5 miles s. of the 
Ohio r., and contains about 100 inhabitants. 

Florence, p-t., Erie co., O., 112 n. by e. Co- 
lumbus, 391 W. It contains several extensive 
beds of iron ore. There is a handsome village 
at the centre, which contains 3 stores. It has 12 
sch. 635 scholars. Pop. 1,635. 

Florence, t., Williams co., O. It has 1 grist 
m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,000. Pop 
119. 

Florence, p-v., Louisa co., Iowa. Situated 
on Iowa river, which is here crossed by a ferry. 
Here Black Hawk, the celebrated Indian chief, 
resided, until 1832, and here the bones of his an- 
cestors repose. 

Florence, p-v., Morgan co.. Mo., 54 w. Jef- 
ferson city, 990 W. Situated on the south fork 
of La Mine r. 

Florence, p-v., Pike co., El.. 59 w by s 
Springfield, 839 W. 



FLO 214 FLO 

FLORIDA. 

Florida, territory, is bounded n. by Alabama and Georgia ; k. by the Atlantic ; s. and w. by the 
Gulf of Mexico. It lies between 25° and 31° n. lat., and between 80° and 87° 44' w. long., and 
between 3° and 10° 44' w. from W. It is 385 miles long, and from 50 to 250 wide, containing 
57,000 square miles, or 37,000,000 acres. The population in 1830, was 34,723 ; in 1840, 54,477, of 
which 16,456 were white males, 11,487 females ; free colored persons, males 398, females 419; 
slaves, males 13,033, females 12,679. Employed in agriculture, 12,117; in commerce, 481; in 
manufactures and trades, 1,177; navigating the ocean, 435 ; do. canal and rivers, 118; learned 
professions and engineers, 204. 

This territory is divided into 20 counties, which, with their population in 1840, and their capitals, 
are as follows : West Florida — Esc.\mbia, 3,993, Pensacola ; Walton, 1,461, Euchee Anna : 
Middle Florida — Gadsden, 5,992, Quincy ; Hamilton, 1,464, Jasper ; Jefferson, 5,713, Monti- 
cello ; Leon, 10,713, Tallahassee ; Madison, 2,644, Madison : East, Honda— Alachua, 2,282, New- 
mansville; Columbia, 2,102, Lancaster ; Duvall, 4,156, Jacksonville; Hillsborough, 452, Fort 
Brooks ; Leigh Reed, 73, New Smyrna ; Nassau, 1,892, Nassau C. H. ; St. John's, 2,694, St. Au- 
gustine : South Florida — Dade, 446, Key Biscay une ; Monroe, 688, Key West : Appalachicola Dis- 
trict — Calhoun, 1,142, St. Joseph ; Franklin, 1,030, Appalachicola ; Jackson, 4,681, Marianna ; 
Washington, 859, Roche's Bluff. 
Tallahassee, in Leon county, 22 miles n. of St. Mark's, is the seat of government. 
The face of the country is uneven, but has no mountains or high lulls. A large portion of it is 
covered with pine forests, the trees of which, standing at a considerable distance from each other, 
without brush or underwood, afford an opportunity for grass and flowers to spread luxuriantly over 
the surface of the earth during the whole year. The borders of the streams are usually skirted 
with hammocks, or hillocks, of hard timber, covered with gi-ape and other vines. A large portion 
of Florida consists of pine barrens, much of which has a very poor soil ; still there are many exten- 
sive tracts of table land, hammock, and swamp, of the richest soil, and well adapted to the cultiva- 
tion of sugar, rice, cotton, Indian corn, tobacco, and fruits. A considerable quantity of the pine 
lands is equally rich ; and the barrens themselves afford extensive ranges of grazing land, usually 
intersected with streams of pure water. Many parts of the territory abound in yellow pine and 
live oak timber. Majestic cedars, chestnuts, magnolias, vrith their large white flowers, and cy- 
presses, with a straight stem of 80 or 90 feet, are found. The fig, pomegranate, orange, and date, 
are among the fruits of Florida. Cotton forms the chief agricultural production. The peninsula, 
which constitutes the southern portion of the district, presents a singular alternation of savannahs, 
hammocks, lagoons, and grass-ponds, called altogether the everglades, which extend into the heart 
of the country for 200 miles n. of Cape Sable, and are drained northwardly by the St. John's river. 
There were in this territory, 1840, 12,043 horses and mules, 118,081 neat cattle, 7,198 sheep, 
92,680 swine ; poultry valued at $61,007. There were produced 412 bushels of wheat, 13,829 oats, 
898,974 Indian com, 264,617 potatoes, 7,285 pounds of wool, 1,197 tons of hay, 124 pounds of silk 
cocoons, 75,274 tobacco, 481,420 rice, 12,110,533 cotton, 275,317 sugar. Value of the products of 
the dairy amounted to $23,094; and of the orchard, $1,035. 

The exports in 1840 were $1,858,850, and the imports were $190,728. There were 23 commer- 
cial and 21 commission houses in foreign trade, employing a capital of $542,000 ; 239 retail dry- 
goods and other stores, with a capital of $1,240,380 ; 92 engaged in the lumber trade, with a capi- 
tal of $64,050 ; 67 persons were employed in the fisheries, with a capital of $10,000. Home-made 
or family articles manufactured to the amount of $20,205 ; hats and caps manufactured to the 
amount of $1,500 ; 3 tanneries employed 15 persons, and a capital of $14,500 ; 10 other manufac- 
tories of leather, as saddleries, &c., manufactured articles to the value of $6,200, employing a capi- 
ital of $4,250 ; 136 produced bricks and lime to the amount of $37,600; 15 persons manufactured 
carriages and wagons to the amount of $11,000, with a capital of $5,900 ; 62 grist, 65 saw, and 2 oil 
mills, employed 410 persons, and produced to the amount of $189,650, with a capital of $488,950. 
Slxips were built to the amount of $14,100. The whole amount of capital employed in manufac- 
tures was $669,490. 

Tliere are many bays on the western side of the peninsula, which form good harbors ; the priu- 
cipal of which are Perdido, Pensacola, Choctawhatchee, St. Joseph's, Appalachicola, Appalachee, 
Tampa, Carlos, and Gallivans. There are none on the eastern side ; but rivers, inlets, and sounds, 
afford harbors for coastmg vessels. The prmcipal capes are Canaveral, Florida, Sable, at the 
southern extremity, Romans, and St. Bias. There are many islands scattered along the coast, par- 
ticulariy a cluster off the southern extremity, denominated the Florida Keys, extending, in a curved 
form, 200 miles. Key West, on one of these, named Tliompson's Island, is a naval station, has a 
good harbor, wldch is well sheltered, and admits the largest vessels. 

The principal river on the eastern side is the St. Jolm's, which rises within a short distance of 
the coast, and flows northwardly, in a very crooked course, tluough several lakes ; it is often from 



FLO 215 FLO 

3 to 5 miles wide, and at other times, not one fourth of a mile. It passes through a fine Iieallhy 
country, and vessels drawing 8 feet of water enter Lake George and Dun's Lake, 150 miles from 
its mouth, which has a bar of 12 feet, where it is only 1 mile wide. The Appalachicola river is 
formed by the union of Chattahoochee and FUnt rivers, about 100 miles above the Gulf of Mexico, 
to which place vessels drawing 8 feet water can proceed. The other principal rivers are the 
Escambia, Suwannee, Withlacoochee, Oscilla, Ocklocony, and Clioctawhatchee. Rivers some- 
times start out of the ground in a stream sufficient to turn a. mill, which seem to come from 
subterranean reservoirs, and sometimes suddenly sink into the ground and disappear. 

The principal towns are St. Augustine, the oldest towTi in the United States, which was settled 
by the Spaniards, in 1564, and is the chief town in East Florida ; Pensacola, 10 miles from the sea, 
on Pensacola bay ; Tallahassee, the capital, and St. Mark's, its port, 22 miles south of it, are the 
principal places in the western part of Florida. 

This territory has no college. There were in 1840, 18 academies and grammar schools, with 
732 students, and 51 common and primary schools, with 925 scholars, and 1,303 white persons, 
over 20 years of age, who could neither read nor write. 

The Episcopalians, Presbyterians, Methodists, and Roman Catholics, have each a few congrega- 
tions and ministers. 

At the commencement of 1840, the district had 5 banks and branches, with an aggegate capital 
of $3,976,121, and a circulation of $418,778. At the close of 1840, the debt of the territory amounted 
10 $3,900,000. 

Tlie governor is appointed by the President of the United States. The legislative council i.s 
composed of a senate of 11 members, elected for 2 years, and a house of representatives, composed 
of 29 members, chosen annually by the people in October. The legislature meets annually at 
Tallahassee, the seat of government, on the first Monday in January, and its sessions are limited 
to 75 days. The pay of the members is $4 per day, and $4 for every 20 miles travel to and from 
the seat of government. 

A railroad extends from Tallahassee 22 miles to St. Mark's. One also extends from Lake Wi- 
comico 12 miles to St. Joseph, and another from St. Joseph 30 miles to lola, on the Appalacliicola. 
Several other railroads and canals have been projected. 

Florida was discovered by Sebastian Cabot, sailing under the English flag and patronage, in 
1497. Ponce de Leon, a Spanish adventurer, from Hispaniola, explored the country in 1512 and 
1516. In 1539, Hernando de Soto, who had been an officer under Pizarro, sailed from the island 
of Ctiba, of which he was governor, with an armed force, with which he overran the peninsula, 
though his followers were mostly cut off a few years after, and himself died. The French attempted 
to establish a colony in 1553, which occasioned contests between the French and Spaniards, in 
which, after alternate successes, the latter were victorious. In 1763 Florida was ceded to Great 
Britain by Spain, in exchange for Havana. The Spanish reconquered it in 1781, and it was con- 
firmed to them at the peace of 1783. In 1821 the Spaniards ceded it to the United States, as a 
compensation for their spoliations on the commerce of the United States. Since it has been in 
possession of the United States, it has been extensively the scene of a warfare with the Indians. 
The Seminoles were subdued in 1818 by the Americans, under General Jackson. A portion of 
this tribe, who refused to emigrate to the lands assigned to them beyond the Mississippi, have 
recently carried on a tedious and expensive war with the United States. 

Florida, p-t., Hillsdale co., Mich., 94 s. w. 
Detroit, 526 W. It has a fertile soU, well adapt- 



Florida, cape, a promontory on the s. e. coast 
of Florida, situated on the s. vv. end of an island 
called Key Biscayune. A light-house was erected 
here to mark the entrance of Hawk's cliannel, 
which was burned by the Seminoles. It was sit- 
uated in 28° 15' N. lat., and 3° 22' w. Ion. from W. 

Florida, p-t., Berkshire co., Mass., 7 e. 
Adams, 121 w. by n. Boston, 463 W. The sur- 
face is mountainous, and the soil chiefly adapted 
to grazing. Watered by Cold r., a branch of 
Deerfield r. It has 3 saw m. Cap. in raanufac. 
$600. 5 sch. 100 scholars. Pop. 441. 

Florida, p-v., Warwick t.., Orange co., N. Y., 
Ill s. s. w. Albany, 273 W. It contains 2 
churches, 5 stores, 2 grist m., 2 saw m., 40 dwell- 
ings, and about 250 inhabitants. 

Florida, t., Montgomery co., N. Y., 34 n. n. 
w. Albany. The surface is undulating; soil, fer- 
tile clay loam, well adapted to wheat. Mohawk 
r. flows on its n. boundary, and Schoharie cr. on 
the w. It has 8 stores, cap. $30,000 ; 1 woollen 
fac, 3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 4 grist m., 8 saw m. 
Cap. in mamifac. $46,300. 8 sch. 250 scholars. 
Pop. 5,214. 



ed to grain. It has 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$800. Pop. 297. 

Florida, p-v., Monroe co.. Mo., 83 n. e. JeflTer- 
son city, 923 W. It is on the n. side of the south 
fork of Salt r. 

Florisant, p-v., St. Louis co., Mo., 131 e. Jef- 
ferson city, 837 W. 

Flower Creek, p-o., Pendleton co., Ky., 79 
N. E. Frankfort, 521 W. 

Flowerfield, p-t., St. Joseph co., Mich., 154 
s. w. Detroit, 603 W. It contains 1 flouring m. 
and 2 saw m., 5 sch. 76 scholars. Pop. 281. 

Floyd, county, Va., in the s. part of the state, 
w. of the luiddle, contains 525 square miles. The 
surface is mountainous, and the soil adapted to 
grazing. Watered by Little r. and its branches. 
Capital, Jacksonville. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 6,355, sheep 8,418, swine 12,,555 ; wheat 
23,889 bushels produced, rye 13,435, Indian com 
72,869, buckwheat 5,830, oats 77,073, jiotatoes 
19,728, tobacco 17,579 pounds; 5 stores, cap. 
10,900 ; 7 tanneries, 6 distilleries, 2 flouring m., 



FLU 



216 



FOR 



29 grist m., 18 saw m., 3 oil m. Cap. in manufac. 
$3,950. 8 sch. 160 scholars. Pop. whites 4,123, 
slaves 321, free col'd 9 ; total, 4,453. 

Floyd, county, Ga., situated in the n. w. part 
of the state, and contains 460 square miles. Wa- 
tered by Oostanaula and Etowah rivers, which 
unite in this county to form the Coosa r. Cedar 
cr. runs in the s., and Chattooga cr. in the n. part. 
Surface, uneven ; soil, fertile on the margins of 
the streams. Capital, Rome. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 5,557, sheep 1,416, swine 16,844; 
wheat 27,633 bushels produced, rye 1,358, Ind. 
com 244,550, oats 16,124, potatoes 6,611, tobacco 
3,706 pounds, cotton 142,397; 11 stores, cap. 
36,025 ; 4 tanneries, 5 distilleries, 9 grist m., 8 saw 
m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. 
in manufac. $24,313. 3 acad. 79 students, 5 sch. 
107 scholars. Pop. whites 3,165, slaves 1,271, 
free col'd 5 ; total, 4,441. 

Floyd, county, Ky. Situated in the e. part 
of the state, and contains 1,400 sq. ms. The sur- 
face is elevated, and considerably hilly and 
broken. Watered by the forks of Big Sandy r. 
Kentucky and Licking rivers rise in this county. 
Capital, Prestonburg. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 4,941, sheep 3,059, swine 5,701 ; wheat 
5,957 bushels produced, Ind. com 82,300, oats 
5,881, potatoes 3,969, tobacco 2,365 pounds, cot- 
ton 1,148, sugar 1,857, salt 1,200 bushels ; 7 stores, 
cap. 22,4(X) ; 1 woollen fac, 4 tanneries, 24 grist 
m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $21,800. Pop. 
whites 6,103, slaves 184, free col'd 15; total, 
6,302. 

Floyd, county, la. Situated in the s. e. part 
of the state, and contains 144 sq. ms. The sur- 
face is hilly, and the soil fertile. Silver cr. runs 
on its E. border. Watered by branches of Indian 
cr. Tlie Ohio r. flows on its s. e. border. Or- 
ganized in 1819. Capital, New Albany. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 4,149, sheep 5,353, swine 
10,426; wheat 30,116 bushels produced, Indian 
corn 76,091, oats 56,541, potatoes 11,300; 84 
stores, cap. $324,299; 2 lumber yards, capital 
$7,000 ; 10 tanneries, 1 brewery, 1 pottery, 9 
flouring m., 2 grist m., 13 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 
printing offices, 3 weekly newspapers. Cap. in 
manufac. $143,700. 9 sch. 379 scholars. Pop. 
9,454. 

Floyd, p-t., Oneida cc, N. Y., 8 n. Utica, 104 
w. N. w. Albany, 398 W. Tlie surface is roll- 
ing ; soil, clay marl, well adapted to grass. The 
Mohawk bounds it on the s., and along the r. are 
rich alluvial flats. Nine Mile cr. drains it on the 
E. border. It has 1 store, cap. $3,000 ; 4 fulling 
m., 2 woollen fac, 2 cotton fac. 3,000 sp., 1 dis- 
tillery, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$32,075. 12 sch. 579 scholars. Pop. 1,742. 

Floyd, C. H., p-o., (Jacksonville v.,) capital 
of Floyd CO., Va., 215 w. s. -w. Richmond, 290 
W. It contains a handsome court house, 2 stores, 
1 tannery, and about 10 dwelluigs. 

Floyd, t., Putnam co., la. It has 1 tamiery, 
3 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $700. 2 
sch. 25 scliolars. Pop. 1,296. 

Floydsburg, p-v., Oldham co., Ky., 37 w by 
N. Frankfort, 580 W. Situated on Floyd's cr., a 
branch of Salt river. Contains about 100 in- 
habitants. 

mond"23l'\^"°'' ^''^*''°"^'<=°' Va., 162 w. Rich- 
Flushing, p-t.. Queens co., N. Y.,9 e. by n 
New \ ork, 155 s. Albany, 235 W. The surface 
IS level, e-xcept a stony ridge on the s. The soil 
IS a sandy loam, with some clay, and well cul- 
tivated. Long Island sound bounds it on the 
N., Flushing bay on the w., and Uttle Neck bay 
on the E. The v. is situated at the head of 



Flushing bay. Incorporated in 1837. It con- 
tains 6 churches — 1 Episcopal, 2 Methodist, 1 
Roman Catholic, 2 Friends, ^l orthodox and 
1 Hicksite,) — 1 male seminary, and 1 female, 
12 stores, 175 dwellings, and about 2,000 inhabit- 
ants. Steamboats connect it daily with New 
York, and it is much frequented in the summer 
months. St. Paul's College, 2 ms. n., on College 
Point, is a respectable Episcopal seminary. 
There are in the t., 1 1 stores, cap. $30,750 ; 1 dis- 
tillery, 1 printing office, 1 flouring m., 1 grist m. 
Cap. in manufac. $48,600. 1 college, 36 students, 
3 acad. 140 students, 8 sch. 369 scholars. Pop. 
4,124. 

Flushing, p-t., Belmont co., O., IIOe. byN. 
Columbus, 288 W. The inhabitants are chiefly 
of the society of Friends. Watered by Stillwater 
cr., which affords water power, and on which are 
several grist and saw m. The v. contains 3 
stores, various mechanics, and about 150 inhabit- 
ants. It has 2 sch. 23 scholars. Pop. 1,683. 

Flushing, p-t., Genesee co., Mich., 67 n. w. 
Detroit, 591 W. Pop. 473. 

Fluvann.\, county, Va. Situated, centrally, 
in the e. part of the state, and contains 416 sq. 
ms. Organized in 1777. James r. runs on its s. 
border. The Ravenna r, passes through it. 'ITie 
surface is generally broken ; but between the 
rivers is a level tract of barren land. The soil on 
the rivers is good. The gold region passes 
through the county, and is worked near Palmyra, 
the capital. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
5,372, sheep 6,052, swine 9,264; wheat 62,418 
bushels produced, Ind. corn 181,900, oats 70,813, 
potatoes 7,661, tobacco 1,279,777 pounds, cotton 
2,392; 17 stores, cap. $126,300; 1 lumberyard, 
cap. $1,500 ; 1 tannery, 4 flouring ra., 26 grist m., 
30 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $97,201. 18 sch. 
418 scholars. Pop. whites 4,445, slaves 4,146, 
free col'd 221 ; total, 8,812. 

Fluvanna, p-o., EHicott t., Chautauqua co., N. 
Y., 335 w. by s. Albany, 322 W. 

FoGELSviLLE, p-o., Macuugy t., Lehigh co.. 
Pa., 82 E. N. E. Harrisburg, 175 W. It has a store 
and 8 or 10 dwellings. 

Fonda, p-v., capital of Montgomery county, in 
Mohawk t., N. Y., 42 w. Albany, 406 W. Situ- 
ated on the N. side of Mohawk r., and contains a 
court house, jail, 5 stores, a large flouring m., 1 
saw m., 1 plaster m., 1 carding machme, 1 tlwesh- 
ing machine fac, 50 dwellings, and about 350 
inhabitants. The Utica and Schenectady rail- 
road passes through the place. 

Fond du Lac, county. Wis., situated in the n. 
E. part of the ter., and contains 400 square miles. 
About one sixth of the surface is prairie, and 
there are some swamps. Fox r. runs on its n. 
border, and Lake Winnebago lies on its n. e. 
border. Drained by Rock and Milwaukie rivers, 
and Crocodile and Marthi's creeks. Capital, 
Fond du Lac. There were in 1810, neat cattle 
355, swine 208 ; wheat 320 bushels produced, Ind. 
corn 1,918, oats 1,315, potatoes 3,961, sugar 3,220 
pounds; 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,000. 
Pop. 139. 

Fond du Lac, p-v., capital of Fond du Lac co.. 
Wis., 98 N. e. Madison, 945 W. Situated at the 
head of Lake Winnebago. 

FoRBUSH, p-o., Surry co., N. C, 136 w. N. w. 
Raleigh, 344 W. 

Fordham, v., Westchester co., N. Y., 12^ New 
York City Hall. It contains 1 Presbyterian 
church, 2 stores, 40 dwellings, and St. John's 
Roman Catholic College, established in 1841, 
with a large and commodious edifice. It ia 
on the hue of the Harlem railroad, and has a 
depot. 



FOR 



217 



FOR 



FoRDSviLLE, p-v., Marion co., Miss., 128 s. s. 
E. Jackson, 1,078 W. 

Forest, p-o., Mercer co., Fa., 228 w. N. w. 
Harrisburg, 281 W. 

FoRESTBURG, p-t., Sullivan co., N. Y., 120 s. 
s. w. Albany, 278 W. nie surface is hilly ; soil, 
gravelly loam, having a large natural growth of 
yellow and white pine. Drained by Neversink 
r., which affords water power. The v. contains 
1 store, 1 grist m., 1 plaster m., 4 saw m., 15 
dwellings, and aliout 90 inhabitants. Pop. of the 
t., 433. It has 3 stores, cap. $3,000 ; 2 grist m., 
21 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $61,565. 4 sch. 70 
scholars. 

Forest Lake, p-t., Susquehanna co.. Pa., 181 
N. N. E. Harrisburg, 291 W. It has 1 store, cap. 
$3,000 ; 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$■2,775. 5 sch. 120 scholars. Pop. 606. 

Forest Retre.^t, p-o., Nicholas co., Ky., 50 
E. N. E. Frankfort, 493 W. 

Forestville, p-v., Wake co., N. C, 15 w. 
Raleigh, 273 W. 

Forge Village, p-v., Middlesex co., Mass., 
30 Boston, 434 W. 

Fork Inn, p-o., Dinwiddle co., Va., 31 s. s. w. 
Richmond, 150 W. 

FoRKLAND, p-o., Greene co., Ala. 

Fork Meeting House, p-o., Baltimore co., 
Md., 46 N. by vv. Annapolis, 56 W. 

Fork Road, p-o., Floyd co., Va., 217 w. s. w. 
Richmond, 294 W. 

Forks, t., Northampton co., Pa. Situated 
near the confluence of the Delaware and Lehigh 
rivers. Drained by Bushkill cr. and its tribu- 
taries. The surface is level, and the soil cal- 
careous loam. It has 1 store, cap. $3,500 ; 1 tan- 
nery, 3 distilleries, 7 flourhig m., 2 grist m. Cap. 
in manufac. $50,510. 2 sch. 80 scholars. Pop. 
2,166. 

Forks, t., Lycoming county. Pa: It has 1 
woollen fac, 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $2,600. 3 sch. 90 scholars. Pop. 224. 

Forks of Pigeon, p-o., Haywood co., N. C 

Forked Deer River, Tenn., rises by several 
branches in Carroll and Henderson counties, and 
after a course of about 100 miles, enters the Mis- 
sissipi r., in Tipton county. 

Forkston, p-o., Luzerne co., Pa., 165 n. e. 
Harrisburg, 270 W. 

Forksville, p-o., Mecklenburg co., Va., 87 
s. w. Richmond, 203 W. 

Forktown, p-v., Somerset co., Md., 99 s. s. e. 
Annapolis, 139 VV. 

FoRNEVs, p-o., Lincoln co., N. C. 

Forsyth, county, Ga. Centrally situated 
toward the n. part of the state, and contains 290 
sfjuare miles. The Chattahoochee r. runs on its 
K. and s. E. border. The Etowah r. rims through 
its N. w. corner. Drained by branches of these 
rivers. Capital, Gumming. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 5,823, sheep 3,151, swine 9,663 ; wheat 
27,957 bushels produced, Ind. corn 206,875, oats 
17,815, potatoes 4,985, tobacco 4,278 pounds, cot- 
ton 97,190; value of gold produced, $8,000; 20 
stores, cap. $47,000 ; 3 tanneries, 18 distilleries, 
1 flouring m., 20 grist m., 1 1 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $8,430. 1 acad. 51 students, 8 sch. 263 
scholars. Pop. whites 5,060, slaves 550, free 
col'd 9; total, 5,619. 

Forsyth, p-v., capital of Monroe co., Ga., 
55 w. Milledgeville, 677 W. Organized in 1823. 
It contains an elegant court house, a jail, 3 
churches, several stores, an academy, and about 
70 dwellings. The Towclaggee r., a branch of 
the Ocmulgee r., runs a little n. of it A railroad, 
25 miles long, connects it with Macon. 

Forsyth, p-v., caphal of Taney co., Mo., 201 



s. .Tcfferson city, 1,118 W. Situated on the e. 
side of White r., at the entrance of Swan cr. It 
contains a court house and a few dwellings. 

Fort Adams, p-v., Wilkinson co., Miss., 158 
s. w. Jackson, 1,168 W. 

Fort Ann, p-t., Washington co., N. Y., 68 N. 
by E. Albany, 432 W. The surface is hilly and 
mountainous, with valleys and plains. The soil 
is various, consisting of sand, clay, and alluvion. 
Lake George lies on its n. w. border. Drained by 
Wood cr. The v. is situated on the Champlain 
canal, which has here 3 locks, and its summit 
level in the t. Incorporated in 1820. It con- 
tains 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, 1 
Methodist — 6 stores, 2 tanneries, 70 dwellings, and 
about 500 inhabitants. Fort Ann, erected here 
in 1756, at the head of batteaux navigation, on 
Wood cr., was celebrated in the French and 
Revolutionary wars. There are in the t., 19 
stores, cap. $25,900 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 

1 furnace, 3 forges, 3 tanneries, 1 powder m., 1 
grist m., 21 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $45,330. 
24 sch. 1,036 scholars. Pop. 3,559. 

Fort Atkinson, p-o., Jefferson co.. Wis., 43 
E. Madison, 827 W. 

Fort Armstrong. (See Rock Island, 111.) 

Fort Argyle, Bryan co., Ga., (now in ruins,) 
on the w. bank of Ogechee r., 6 miles above 
Ogechee bridge, built in 1733, to protect the 
early settlers against the Spaniards. Here the 
canal from Savannah enters the Ogechee. 

Fort Barrington, Ga., on the e. bank of 
Alatamaha r., 14 ms. above Darien, was built by 
the Carolinians in 1720, to prevent the escape of 
the negroes to the Spaniards, at St. Augustine. 
There is now a settlement in the vicinity. 

Fort Brady, Mich. (See Saull St. Marie.) 

Fort Blunt, p-o., Jackson co., Tenn., 68 e. 
by N. Nashville, 432 W. 

Fort Covington, p-t, Franklin co., N. Y., 
266 n. n. w. Albany, 516 W. Surface, level; 
soil, sand and clay loam of good quality. Drain- 
ed by Salmon and Little Salmon rivers. The v. 
is situated on Salmon r., which is navigable from 
this place to the St. Lawrence r., 5 ms. below. It 
contains 4 churches, an academy, 7 stores, 2 
woollen fac, 3 grist m., 1 plaster m., 3 saw m., 
120 dwellings, and about 800 inhabitants. There 
are in the t., 15 stores, cap. $12,181 ; 3 fulling m., 

2 woollen fac, 1 forge, 3 tanneries, 1 printing 
office, 1 weekly newspaper, 3 grist m., 3 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $37,050. 11 sch. 637 scholars. 
Pop. 2,094. 

Fort Decatur, p-o., Mercer co., Ala. 

Fort Defiance, p-o., Caldwell co , N. C. 

Fort Edward, p-t, Washington co., N. Y., 
49 N. Albany, 419 W. The surface is gently un- 
dulating, and the soil a fertile clay and loam. 
Drained by Moosekill and other streams. The v. 
is situated on the e. side of Hudson r., and con- 
tains 1 church, 6 stores, 1 grist m., 80 dwellings, 
and about 500 inhabitants. The remains of old 
Fort Edward are seen in the centre of the v., 
erected in 1755 ; and the spot is shown, a little n., 
where Miss Jane McCrea was barbarously mur- 
dered by the Indians, in the revolutionary war. 
There are in the t., 11 stores, cap. $25,(X)0 ; 2 grist 
m., 1 saw m., 6 sch. 195 scholars. Pop. 1,726. 

Fort Gaines, p-o., Early co., Ga., 183 s. w. 
Milledgeville, 830 W. 

Fort Gratiot, p-v., St. Clair co., Mich., 60 
N. E. Detroit, 584 W. Situated at the head of a 
rapid, at the outlet of Lake Huron, the entrance 
of vvliich it commands. Built in 1814, at the 
I clo.se of the late war. It consists of a stockade, 
including a magazine, barracks, and other accom- 
I modations for a garrison of one battalion. 



FOR 



218 



FOU 



Fort Hamilton, p-v., New Utrecht t., Kings 
CO. N. V. Here is a strong fortification, on the 
extreme w. end of Long Island, adjoining the 
Narrows, through wluch is the main entrance to 
New Vorlf harbor, iiere about one third of a mile 
wide. Connected with it is Fort La Fayette or 
Fort Diamond, in the channel, and Fort Rich- 
mond opposite, on Staten Island. Fort Hamil- 
ton is strongly built of solid masonry, and mounts 
70 guns, 42, 33, and 24 pounders. The v. at this 
place contains 1 church, 2 stores, and 15 or 20 
dwellings. It has a fine view of the lower bay 
and the Atlantic ocean, is a place of siunmer re- 
sort, and has a convenient boarding house for 
the accommodation of visiters. 

FortHendersox, p-o.,x>Iacon co., Ala., 156 s. 
E. Tuscaloosa, 789 W. 

Fort Hill, p-o., Yorkdist., S. C.,88 n. Colum- 
bia, 419 W. 

Fort Hill, p-o., Lake co., 111., 233 N. n. e. 
Springfield, 748 W. 

Fort Hunter, p-o., Florida t., Montgomery 
CO., N. Y., 3S w. by n, Albany, 406 W. Here 
are the ruins of an old fortification, distinguished 
in colonial history. 

Fort Jefferson, p-o., Neave t.. Dark co., O., 
95 w. Columbus, 489 W. The v. contains 1 
store and a number of houses. 

Fort Jesup, p-o., Natchitoches par.. La., 393 
w. N. w. New Orleans, 1,312 W. Situated about 
midway between Sabine and Red rivers. 

Fort Leavenworth, p-v., adjoining Platte r.. 
Mo., on the w. side of Missouri r., within the In- 
dian ter. Here are situated extensive military 
works. 

Fort Littleton, p-o., Bedford co., Pa.,71 w. 
by s. Harrisburg, 115 W. 

Fort Madison, p-v., capital of Lee co., Iowa. 
Situated on the w. bank of the Missi.«sippi r. A 
fortification was here established in 1808, as a de- 
fence against the Indians, who obliged the garri- 
son to abandon it, and to burn the fort, in 1813, 
of which few remains are now seen. It has be- 
come the site of a beautiful v., founded in 1835, 
and containing a Presbyterian, Baptist, and 
Methodist church, 5 stores, 4 commission and 
forwarding houses, several groceries, various 
mechanics, and about 700 inhabitants. The ter- 
ritorial penitentiary is established here, and a 
ferry crosses the Mississippi r. 

Fort Miller, p-v.. Fort Edward t., Washing- 
Ion CO., N. Y. Situated on the e. side of Hudson 
r., where is a fall of about 20 feet, and a state 
dam 8 feet high, for feeding the Champlain canal, 
which passes through the place. The village 
contains 1 church, 5 stores, 1 grist m., 1 sawm., 
1 fulling m. and carding machine, 40 dwellings, 
and about 300 inhabitants. 

Fort Osage, p-o., Jackson co.. Mo., 158 w. by 
N. Jefferson city, 1,074 W. 

Fort Pickering, p-o., Shelby co., Tenn. 
Fort Plain, p-v., Minden t., Montgomery co., 
N. V . Situated on the s. side of the Mohawk, on 
the bne canal. Incorporated in 1831. It con- 
tains 1 Dutch Reformed and 1 Universalist 
c mrch, 1 bank, 16 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m 1 
plaster m., 1 furnace, 1 distillery, 200 dvvellinirs 
and about 1,400 inhabitants. Fiiie stone is herJ 
quarned for canal locks. 

Fort Pleasant, p-o., St. Joseph co., Mich., 
131 w. 8. w. Detroit, 5S7 W. 

Fort Recovery, p-o.. Dark co., O 114 w 
by N. Columbus, 508 W. Established W Gen' 
Wayne. •' 

Fort Seneca, p-o., Seneca co., O 95 n bv 
w. Columbus, 432 W. Situated on the w side 
of Sandusky r., and occupied during the late war 



Fort Smith, p-v., Crawford co., Ark., 161 w. 
N. w. Little Rock, 1,226 W. Situated on the s. 
side of Arkansas r., at the entrance of Poteau r., 
on the extreme western border of the state. An 
extensive fortification is now being erected here, 
for the protection of the western frontier. 

FoRTSMOUTH, p-o., Warren co., Va., 147 Rich- 
mond, 93 W. 

Fort Snelling, p-v., Iowa, 1,237 n. w. W. 
It is situated on the s. side of the Mississippi r., a 
short distance above the entrance of St. Peter's r. 
Here are situated extensive military works, lor 
the protection of the northwestern frontier. 

FoRTSViLLE, p-o., Morcau t., Saratoga co , N. 
Y., 48 N. Albany, 418 W. 

Fort Towson, p-v., Indian ter., W. Arkansas, 
184 s. w. by w. Little Rock, 1,239 W. Situated 
a little N. of Red r. 

Fort Valley, p-o., Houston co., Ga. 

Fort Wayne, C. H., p-v., cap. of Allen co., la., 
131 N. N. E. Indianapolis, 544 W. Beautifully situ- 
ated on the s. sitle of Maumee r. It is incorpo- 
rated as a city, and contains a court house, jail, 
5 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, 1 Meth- 
odist, 1 Lutheran, and 1 Roman Catholic — 4 acad- 
emies, 9 stores, 500 dwellings, and about 2,(X)0 
inhabitants. It is on the line of the Wabash and 
Erie canals, and surrounded by a rich and fer- 
tile countr^r. 

Fort Winnebago, p-v., Portage co.. Wis., 42 
N. Madison, 889 W. Situated at the portage, be- 
tween Wisconsin and Fox rivers. 

Foster, p-t.. Providence co., R. I., 19 w. by 
s. Providence, 386 W. The surface is uneven 
and rough, but the soil is adapted to grazing. 
Watered by the head branches of the north 
branch of Pawtuxet river, wltich afford water 
power. Incorporated in 1781. There are in the 
t., 11 stores, cap. $11,000; 2 furnaces, 1 fulling 
m., 1 cotton fac. 624 sp., 1 tannery, 8 grist m., 12 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $18,645. 19 sch. 618 
scholars. Pop. 2,181. 

Fosterdale, p-o., Cochecton t., Sullivan co., 
N. Y., 126 s. w. Albany, 298 W. 

Foster's, p-o., Marion co.. 111., 95 s. s. e. 
Springfield, 755 W. 

Foster's, p-o., Tuscaloosa co., Ala., 12 Tus- 
caloosa, 830 W. 

Foster's, p-o.. Union co., Ark. 175 s. Little 
Rock, 1,220 W. 

Foster's Cross Roads, p-o., Bledsoe co., 
Tenn., Ill e. s. e. Nashville, 596 W. 

Foster's Meadows, p-o., Queens co., N. Y., 
162 s. E. Albany, 242 W. 

Fostersville, p-o., Anrelius t., Cayuga co., 
N. Y., 159 w. Albany, 338 W. 

Fosterville, p-v., Henry CO., Ga., 75 w. N. 
w. Milledgeville,679W. 

Fosterville, p-v., Rutherford co., Tenn., 46 
s. E. Nashville, 677 W. 

Foundryville, p-o., Columbia co.. Pa., 99 n. 
N. E. Harrisburg, 209 W. 

Fountain, county, la. Situated in the w. 
part of the state, and contains 390 square miles. 
Organized in 1825. Wabash river runs on its w. 
border. Watered also by Coal cr. and Shawnee 
cr., tributaries to the Wabash, which afford good 
water power. The surface is imdiilating, and 
the soil very fertile. The Wabash and Erie 
canal passes through the co. Capital, Covington. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 11,272, sheep 
15,175, swine 30,551; wheat 111,118 bushels 
produced, rye 7,976, Ind. com 711,128, buck- 
wheat 2,103, oats 80,769, potatoes 23,476, sugar 
118,613 pounds, bituminous coal 10,000 bushels; 
40 stores, cap. $135,090; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen 
lac, 6 tanneries, 9 distilleries, 10 flouring m., 8 



FOX 



219 



FRA 



grist m., 36 saw m., 1 oil m., 1 printing office, 1 
weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $128,690. 
3a sch. 3,075 scholars. Pop. 11.218. 

Fountain Dale, p-o., Adams co., Pa., 47 s. w. 
Harrisburg, 71 W. 

Fountain Green, p-o., Chester co.. Pa. 

Fountain Gree.v, p-o., Hancock co., 111., 162 
w. n. w. Springlield, 873 W. 

Fountain Head, p-o., Sumner co., Tenn., 3S 
N. N. E. Nashville, 632 W. 

Fountain Inn, p-o., Greenville di.st., S. C, 89 
N. w. Columbia, 503 W. 

Fountain Inn, p-o., Callaway co., Ky. 

Fountain of Health, p-o., Cumberland co.. 
Pa., 36 s. w. Harrisburg. 114 W. 

Fountain Powder Mills, p-o., Hart co., Ky., 
105 s. w. Frankfort, 622 W. 

Fountain Spring, p-o., Schuylkill co., Pa., 75 
N. e. Harrisburg, 185 W. 

Fountain Spring, p-o., Warren co., Tenn., 
83 s. E. by E. Nashville, 637 W. 

FouRcuE A Renault, p-v., Wa.shington co., 
Mo., 103 s. E. JefTerson city, 887 W. Situated 
on the w. side of Mineral fork of Big r., in the 
midst of the mineral region. 

FouRCHE Dumas, p-o., Lawrence co., Ark., 
154 n. n. e. Little Rock, 983 W. 

Four Corners, p-o., Ridgefield t., Huron co., 
O., 8 w. Norwalk, 110 n. by e. Columbus. 

Four Mile Branch, Barnwell dist., S. C, 
104 s. by w. Columbia, 600 W. 

Four Mile Branch, Monroe co., Tenn., 178 
E. s. E. Nashville, 542 W. 

Fowler, p-t., St. Lawrence co., N. Y., 187 n. 
N. w. Albany, 456 W. The surface is moderately 
uneven ; soil, cliiefly a iertile clay and sandy 
loam. Drained by Oswegatcliie r. and its tribu- 
taries. It has 5 stores, cap. $5,600 ; 1 lulling m., 
1 furnace, 2 forges, 4 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $2,700. 4 sch. 173 scholars. Pop. 1,752. 

Fowler, p-t., Trumbull co., O., 10 n. Warren, 
183 N. e. Columbus, 303 W. It has 5 sch. 340 
scholars. Pop. 935. 

Fowler's Mills, p-o., Geauga co., O., 169 n. 
E. Columbus, 343 W. 

Fowlstown, p-v., Decatur co., Ga., 11 s. w. 
Bainbridge. 

Fo.\, p-t., Clearfield co.. Pa., 143 n. w. Harris- 
burg, 235 W. Pop. 319. 

Fox, t., Carroll co., O. Situated in the e. part 
of the county. It has 16 stores, cap. $39,500; 4 
tanneries, 2 distilleries. 2 printing offices, 2 weekly 
papers, 5 flouring m., 11 grist m., 14 saw m., 1 oil 
m. Cap. in manufac. $30,250. 1 sch. 20 scholars. 
Pop. 1,491. 

FoxBOROUGH, p-t., Norfolk co., Mass., 27 s. s. 
w. Boston, 418 W. Organized in 1778. Water- 
ed by Rumlbrd and Cocasset rivers, branches of 
Taunton r., which afTord water power. It has 
considerable manufactures. It has 4 stores, cap. 
$6,000 ; 2 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$96,900. 7 sch. 327 scholars. Pop. 1,298. 

FoxcHASE, p-o., Philadelphia co.. Pa., 108 e. 
by s. Harrisburg, 148 W. 

Fox Creek, p-o., St. Louis co.. Mo., 94 E. Jef- 
ferson city, 842 W. 

FoxcROFT, p-t., Piscataquis co.. Me., 83 n. e. 
Augusta, 680 W. It has 11 sch. 401 scholars. 
Pop. 926. 

Fox, r.. 111., one of the principal branches of 
Illinois r., rises in Wisconsin ter.. passes through 
a series of small lakes near the boundary of the 
state, and enters Illinois r. at Ottawa. 

FoxviLLE, p-v., Frederick co., Md., 100 n. w. 
Annapolis, 71 W. 

FoxviLLE, p-o., Fauquier co., Va., 116 n. by 
V?. Richmond, 73 W. Situated on the Rappa- 



hannock r., 30 ms. above Fredericksburg. It 
contains 1 store, 2 flouring m., and 2 carding ma- 
chines. Slate is found in the neighborhood, and 
a white sulphur spring, considerably resorted to. 

Fox Springs, (while sulphur and chalybeate,) 
situated 10 e. from Flemingsburg, Ky., between 
two mountains. It is a pleasant resort, the 
country in the vicinity abounding with game. 

Foy's Store, p-o., Onslow co., N. C, 139 s. 
e. Raleigh, 369 W. 

Frakus Grove, p-o.. Stark co.. 111., 115 n. by 
w. Springfield, 829 W. 

Framingham, p-t., Middlesex co., Mass., 22 w. 
s. w. Boston, 418 W. Incorporated in 1700. The 
soil is fertile. Watered by Sudbury r., a branch 
of Concord r, wliich affords water power. It has 
a number of ponds, resorted to for fishing and 
fowling. Black lead is found. It has a pleasant 
and flourishing village. It has 6 stores, capital 
$31,800; 4 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 2 paper fac, 
1 bindery, 4 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac 
$396,900. 1 acad. 77 students, 12 sch. 898 schol- 
ars. Pop. 3,030. 

Francistown, p-t., Hillsboro co., N. H., 25 s. 
w. Concord, 460 W. The surface is uneven and 
rough, but the soil is fertile, adapted to grazing. 
It has some rich intervals. Watered by branches 
of Piscataquog r., issuing from considerable ponds, 
which afford water power. The important road 
from Boston to Windsor, Vt., passes tlirough it. 
It has a pleasant and flourishing village. There 
are in the t. 3 stores, cap. $12,500 ; 1 woollen 
fac, 2 tanneries, 5 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $16,100. 11 sch. 410 scholars. Pop. 
1,307. 

Francisville, p-v., Philadelphia co., Pa., 100 
E. by s. Ilarrisburg, 140 W. 

Francisville, p-v., Crawford co., Ga., 61 s. 
w. Milledgeville, 718 W. 

Francisville, p-v., Boone co., Ky., 87 n. by 
E. Frankfort, 513 W. 

Franconxa, p-t., Grafton co., N. H., 75 n. Con- 
cord, 541 W. The surface is mountainous, and 
some of its elevations present wild and pictur- 
esque scenery. Profile Mountain, which rises 
1 000 feet, in its bare rocky summit, is thought to 
present a striking profile of a human face, when 
seen from tlie n. Watered by the s. branch of 
Lower Amonoosuck r., wliich affords water 
power, and on which are extensive iron works 
and other mills. A rich iron ore is found 3 miles 
from the furnace, which yields from 56 to 63 per 
cent. The New Hampshire Iron Factory Com- 
pany was incorporated in 1805, composed princi- 
pally of gentlemen in Boston and Salem. It has 
1 store, cap. $1,700 ; 1 furnace, 1 forge, 1 grist 
m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,375. 5 sch. 
175 scholars. Pop. 523. 

Franconia, p-t., Montgomery co.. Pa., 83 E. 
Harrisburg, 167 W. The surface is level, and 
the soil red shale. Drained by the n. e. branch 
of Perkiomen cr., Indian cr.. Pike cr., and Ship- 
pack cr. It has 5 stores, cap. .$12,000 ; 2 tanner- 
ies, 1 pottery. Cap. in manufac. $2,864. Pop. 
1,183. 

Franconia, p-v., Putnam co., O., 129 n. w. 
Columbus, 498 W. 

Frankford, t., Sussex co., N. J. The surface 
is hilly toward the w., running on to Blue moun- 
tain, the remainder is valley lands. The soil is 
fertile, underlaid with lime and slate. Drained 
by Papakating cr., a branch of Wallkill r. It has 
5 stores, cap. $37,9(W ; 1 fulling m., 1 furnace, 1 
forge, 3 tanneries, 6 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $45,405. 13 sch. 307 scholars. Pop. 
2,410. 

Frankford, p-b., Oxford t., Philadelphia co.. 



FRA 



220 



FRA 



Pa., 104 E. by s. Harrisburg, 5 n. e. Philadelphia, 
144 W. Tacony cr. runs on its w. and s. border, 
and affords water power. It contains 1 Luther- 
an and 1 Friends church, 10 stores, several grist 
and saw m., 1 calico printing works, 2 acad. 25 
students, 8 sell. 513 scholars. Pop. 2,376. 

Frankford, t., Cumberland co., Pa. The sur- 
face is liilly ; soil, slate. Drained by Conedog- 
winit cr. and its branches. The n. part contains 
spurs of Blue mountain, and McClure's Gap is on 
the E. boundary. There is a sulphur spring in 
the centre. It has 1 store, cap. !!?200; 1 fulhng 
m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 1 flouring m., 1 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $14,050. 4 sch. 159 
scholars. Pop. 1,263. 

Fr.vnkford, p-v., Greenbrier co., Va., 221 w. 
by N. Richmond, 261 W. It contains 1 Method- 
ist church, 2 stores, 1 tannery, 50 dwellings, and 
about 250 inhabitants. 

Frankford, p-v., Pike co., Mo., 90 n. e. Jef- 
ferson city, 891 W. 

Frankfort, p-t., Waldo co.. Me., 64 n. e. by 
E. Augusta, 65'j W. Penobscot r. bounds it on 
the E. Watered by Marsh r., which affords good 
water power. The soil is fertile, and it has great 
commercial advantages, as the river here remains 
open through the year. The principal village is 
on Marsh bay, which sets up from Penobscot r. 
It has 36 stores, cap. $35,500 ; 1 com. house, cap. 
$2,000 ; 18 lumber yards, cap. $54,400 ; 2 fulling 
m., 3 tanneries, 5 grist m., 15 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $70,495. 23 sch. 953 scholars. Pop. 
3,603. 

Frankfort, p-t., Herkimer co., N. Y., 86 n. 
w. Albany, 397 W. The surface is hilly and 
broken on the s. In the n. are fertile flats on the 
Mohawk. The v. is on the s. side of the Mohawk, 
on the Erie canal, and contains 1 Dutch Reformed 
and 1 Baptist church, 8 stores, 1 woollen fac, 1 
grist m., 1 saw m., 1 distillery, 1 tannery, 100 
dwellings, and about 500 inhabitants. There are 
in the t. 14 stores, cap. $23,440 ; 1 furnace, 2 full- 
ing m., 2 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 2 
grist m., 10 .saw m. Cap. in manufac. $48,600. 
15 sch. 630 scholars. Pop. 3,096. 

Frankfort, p-v., Hampshire co., Vu,, 203 n. 
N. w. Richmond, 131 W. Situated on Patter- 
son's cr., and contains 1 Episcopal church, 3 
stores, several mechanic shops, 30 dwellings, and 
about 175 inhabitants. 

Frankfort, p-v., Concord t., Ross co., O., 59 
s. Columbus, 414 W. 

Frankfort, p-v., capital of Franklin co., Ky., 
and also of the state, is 22 w. n. w. Lexington, 
51 E. Louisville, 102 s. s. w. Cincinnati, 542 W. 
In 38° 14' n. lat., 84° 40' w. Ion. Pop. 1810, 
1,099; 1820, 1,679; 1830, 1,680; 1840, 1,917. 
Situated on the e. side of Kentucky r., 60 miles 
above its entrance into Ohio r., on a semicircular 
alluvial plain, from 150 to 200 feet lower than the 
table land in the rear. The r. is here about 80 
yards wide, and after heavy rains, frequently 
rises 60 feet. It contains a state house, of rough 
marble, 86 by 54 feet, with a handsome Grecian 
ionic portico in front, a court house, jail, the state 
penitentiary, a bank, an academy, a market 
house, a theatre, 3 churches, and various manu- 
facturing establishments. The streets are regu- 
lar, and the houses are neat, and many of them 
elegant. Steamboats of 300 tons come up to this 
place when tlie water is high, and a large amount 
of foreign goods is brought here, and widely sup- 
plied to the rich and fertile country around. The 
lianks of tlic r. here are high, and a chain bridge 
crosses it to the flourishing village of South Frank- 
fort, which may be regarded as an appendage, 
though its population is not included in the above. 



Large vessels, designed to navigate the ocean, 
have been built here, and floated to New Or- 
leans. 

Frankfort, p-v., capital, Clinton co., la., 42 
N. .N. w. Indianapolis, 600 W. It is situated on 
the s. fork of Wildcat cr., near the margin of a 
prairie, has a court house, jail, 3 churches, and 
about 600 inhabitants. 

Frankfort, p-v., capital, Franklin co.. 111., 
160 s. s. E. Springfield, 811 W. It is situated on 
elevated ground, and has 7 stores, 1 tannery, 1 
distillery, various mechanic shops, and about 200 
inhabitants. 

Frankfort Hill, p-o., Frankfort t., Herki- 
mer CO., N. Y., 87 vv. N. w. Albany, 391 W. 

Frankfort Mills, p-o., Frankfort t., Waldo 
CO., Me., 101 E. N. E. Augusta, 683 W. Situated 
at the head of the tide on Marsh r., 4 ms. from its 
mouth, where is good water power, and are sev- 
eral mills. 

Frankfort Springs, p-v., Hanover t., Bea- 
ver CO., Pa., 233 w. by n. Harrisburg, 255 W. It 
contains 3 stores, and about 40 dwellings. 

Franklin, county, Me. Situated in the n. w. 
part of the state, and was organized in 1838. The 
surface is undulating, and in some parts moun- 
tainous. The soil is of a superior quality, adapt- 
ed both to grain and grazing. The streams are 
.^rnall, but afford water power. Sandy r. and 
Dead r. are considerable branches of Kennebec 
r. Capital, Farmmgton. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 19,835, sheep 64,717, swine 6,733; 
wheat 99,726 bush, produced, rye 4,304, Ind. corn 
38, 182, barley 13, 187, oats 96,027, potatoes 615,600, 
sugar 36,488 pounds ; 53 stores, cap. $104,625 ; 
1 furnace, 6 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 20 tanne- 
ries, 2 potteries, 2:* grist m., 44 saw m., 1 printing 
office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. 
$112,003. 171 sch. 7,185 scholars. Pop. 20,801. 

Franklin, county, Mass. Situated in the n. 
and toward the w. part of the state, and contains 
650 sq. ms. Drained by Connecticut r., wliich 
passes through its centre, and by its tributaries. 
Miller's r. on the e., and Green and Deerfield rs. 
on the w. Organized in 1811. Much of the soil 
is very fertile, and its streams afford extensive 
water power. Capital, Greenfield. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 28,790, sheep 61,210, swine 
11,352 ; wheat 21,489 bush, prod., rye 68,635, Ind. 
corn 161,338, buckwheat 10,133, barley 2,212, oats 
149,578, potatoes 422,599, sugar 144,186 pounds, 
83 stoies, cap. $207,900 ; 2 furnaces, 25 fulling 
m., 8 woollen fac, 8 cotton fac. 9,098 sp., 36 tan- 
neries, 3 distilleries, 41 grist m., 144 saw m., 3 
printing offices, 2 binderies, 2 weekly newspa- 
pers. Cap, in manufac. $454,892. 8 acad. 870 
students, 241 sch. 8,512 scholars. Pop. 28,812. 

Franklin, county, Vt. Situated in the n. w. 
part of the state, having Lake Champlain on its 
w. border. Near the lake the surface is level, 
and toward the e. it is hilly. Tlie soil is produc- 
tive, and adapted to grain and to grazing. Wa- 
tered by Missisque r. on the n., and partially by 
Lamoille r. on the s., which afford extensive wa- 
ter power. A fine clouded marble is found at 
Svvanton, and extensively exported. Capital, St. 
Albans. There were in 1840, neat cattle 26,965, 
sheep 87,385, swme 8,935 ; wheat 48,686 bushels 
produced, rye 10,144, Ind. corn 65,534, buckwheat 
9,603, barley 599, oats 94,700, potatoes 709,396, 
sugar 400,775 pounds ; 64 stores, cap. $141,200 ; 
12 fulling m., 4 woollen fac, 19 tanneries, 20 grist 
m., 63 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 printing offices, 1 bind- 
ery, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. 
$-i06,910. 3 acad. 148 students, 155 sch. 4,361 
scholars. Pop. 24,531. 

Franklin, county, N. Y. Situated in the N. 



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E. part of the state, and contains 1,527 sq. ms. 
The surface is hilly or mountainous, except in the 
N. part, where it is level, or gently undulating. 
The soil is various, but much of it a sandy loam 
and very productive. Drained by Saranac r. e., 
and by Chateaugay, Salmon, Trout, Deer, St. 
Regis, and Racket rivers n. Capital, Malone. 
'J'here were in 1840, neat cattle 17,800, sheep 
39,024, swine 12,213; wheat 64,414 bush, produc- 
ed, rye 15,017, Indian corn 55,537, buckwheat 
22,685, barley 4,084, oats 89,204, potatoes 468,706, 
hops 25,021 pounds, sugar 227,049 ; 40 stores, cap. 
§163,581; 2 furnaces, 4 forges, 8 fulling m., 3 
woollen fac, 15 tanneries, 17 grist m., 42 saw m., 
1 oil m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. 
Cap. in manufae. $145,798. 1 academy. 111 sch. 
4,749 scholars. Pop. 16,518. 

Franklin, county, Pa. Central, in the s. part 
of the state, and contains 731 sq. ms. Organized 
in 1784. It lies in the Kittatinny valley, which 
is the great limestone valley of the state. South 
Mountain and Tuscarora, or Cove mountain, trav- 
erse it. Iron ore is abundant, and while marble 
exists. The soil is fertile, well cultivated, and 
productive. Watered by Conecocheague and 
Conedogwuiit creeks and their branches, wliich 
afford extensive waterpower. Capital, Chambers- 
burg. There were in 1840, neat cattle 27,666, 
sheep 29,709, swine 53,757; wheat 661,905 bush, 
produced, rye 216,364, Ltd. corn 755,183, buck- 
wheat 16,991, barley 2,669, oats 648,005, potatoes 
109,355, 111 stores, cap. $424,400; 8 furnaces, 11 
forges, 7 fulling m., 9 woollen fac, 37 tanneries, 
40 distilleries, 1 brewery, 5 potteries, 1 rope fac, 
33 flouring m., 64 grist m., 119 saw m., 7 oil m., 
1 paper factory, 4 printing offices, 3 binderies, 4 
weekly and 1 semi-weekly newspapers. Cap. 
in manufae. $436,610. 1 col. 64 students, 7 acad. 
218 students, 158 sch. 5,745 scholars. Pop. 37,793. 

Franklin, county, N. C. Situated a little n. 
E. of the centre of the state, and contains 540 sq. 
ras. Watered by Tar r., which runs through the 
middle, and Fishing cr. on its n. border. Sur- 
face, level ; soil, fertile. Capital, Louisburg. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 9,011, sheep 7,318, 
swine 25,940 ; wheat 14,456 busli. produced, Ind. 
com 437,277, oats 577,993, potatoes 31,653, silk 
cocoons 300 pounds, tobacco 451,909, cotton 
538,320 ; value of gold produced, $200,000 ; 17 
.stores, cap. $138,700; 1 lumberyard, cap. $2,000; 

1 furnace, 3 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 31 grist m., 
10 saw m. Cap. in manufae. $30,575. 6 acad. 
163 students, 18 sch. 225 scholars. Pop. whites 
5,227, slaves 5,320, iree col'd 433 ; total, 10,980. 

Franklin, county, Ga. Situated in the n. e. 
part of the state, and contains 680 sq. ms. Or- 
ganized in 1788. Tugaloo r. runs on its n. e. bor- 
der. Drained by branches of n. fork of Broad r. 
Surlace, hilly ; soil, fertile. Capital, Carnesville. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 7,217, sheep 
6,776, swine 17.333; wheat 45,999 bush, produc- 
ed, Ind. corn 314,288, oats 30, 102, potatoes 16,807, 
rice 1,920 pounds, tobacco 11,706, cotton 297,525; 
15 stores, cap. $21,910 ; 1 tannery, 35 distilleries, 

2 flouring m., 25 grist m., 11 saw m. Cap. in 
manufae $28,825. 1 acad. 19 students, 10 sch. 
256 scholars. Pop. whites 7,754, slaves 2,095, 
free col'd 37 ; total, 9,886. 

Franklin, county, Flor. Situated in the s. 
part of the n. division of the territory. Organiz- 
ed in 1832. Watered by Appalachicola r., which 
runs along its western border. Bounded s. by 
the Gulf of Mexico. The lands are low and wet, 
with many ponds and swamps. The islands of 
St. George and St. Vincent belong to it. The soil 
bordering on the rivers is very rich. Capital, 
Appalacliicola. There were in 1840, neat cattle 



254, swine 301 ; Ind. corn 75 bush, produced ; 21 
commercial houses in for. trade, cap. $273,000 ; 
34 stores, cap. $211,200; 6 grist m., 6 saw m., 2 
printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Pop. 
whites 782, slaves 1,142, free col'd 26; total, 1,030. 

Franklin, county, Ala. Situated in the n. 
w. part of the state, and contains 648 sq. ms. 
Watered by Cedar, Bear, Little Bear, and Spring 
creeks. Surface, hilly ; soil, fertile. Capital, 
Russellville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
14,174, sheep 6,311, swine 44,752; wheat 34,184 
bush, produced, rye 3,920, Ind. com 759,950, oats 
62,114, potatoes 28,128, tobacco 12,648 pounds, 
cotton 10,823,897 ; 3 commission houses, capital 
$20,000 ; 14 stores, cap. $150,500 ; 3 tanneries, 2 
flouring m., 6 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fae. .$24,200. 1 college, 90 students, 1 acad. 25 
students, 15 schools. Pop. whites 8,236, slaves 
6,005, free col'd 29 ; total, 14,270. 

Franklin, county, Miss. Situated in the s. 
w. part in the state, and contains 720 sq. ms. 
Drained by branches of Homochitto r., and head 
waters of Amite r. The soil on the rivers is fer- 
tile, but otherwise consists of pine barrens. The 
surface is slightly uneven. Capital, Meadville. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 7,972, sheep 
2,215, swine 14,002 ; Ind. corn 153,520 bush, pro- 
duced, oats 2,140, potatoes 19,693, rice 24,792 
poimds, cotton 2,825,999 ; 10 stores, cap. $12,000 ; 

9 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufae $24,550. 

10 sch. 147 scholars. Pop. whites 2,063, slaves 
2,699, free col'd 13 ; total, 4,775. 

Franklin, county, Tenn. Situated centrally 
in the s. part of the state, and contains 8-10 sq. 
ms. Cumberland mountain runs on its s. E. bor- 
der. Drained by Duck r., and Elk, Paint, and 
Rock creeks. The surface is uneven and rough, 
and the .soil productive. Capital, Winchester. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 11,107, sheep 
9,531, swine 39,334 ; wheat 49,869 hush, produc- 
ed, Ind. corn 644,960, oats 102,929, potatoes 20,286, 
tobacco 4,600 poimds, cotton 311,818; 16 stores, 
cap. $147,500 ; 9 cotton fac. 1,360 sp., 5 tanneries, 
26 distilleries, 11 flouring m., 14 grist m., 8 saw 
m. Cap. in manufae. $95,880. 8 sch. 242 schol- 
ars. Pop. whites 8,935, slaves 3,085, free col'd 
13 ; total, 12,033. 

Franklin, county, Ky. Situated a little n. 
of the centre of the state, and contains 200 sq 
ms. Kentucky r. rims through it and on its w. 
border. Elkhorn r., a branch of Kentucky r., 
runs through it. Surface, hilly ; soil, fertile. Cap 
ital, Frankfort. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
5,791), .sheep 8,262, swine 15,310 ; wheat 45,401 
liush. pnjiluced, rye 12,295, Ind. corn 26S,550, oats 
.')7,195, potatoes 10,081, tobacco 113,300 pounds ; 
2 lummission houses, cap. $12,000 ; 23 stores, cap. 
$110,350; 1 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 4 tanne- 
ries, 4 rope fac, 1 distillery, 6 flouring m., 9 grist 
m., 5 saw m., 1 paper fac, 2 printing offices, 3 
weekly newspapers, ('ap. in manufae $119,080. 
4 acad. 83 students, 5 schools. Pop. whiles 6,337, 
slaves 2,849, free col'd 234 ; total, 9,420. 

Franklin, county, O. Situated in the centre 
of the state, and contains 529 sq. ms. Watered 
by Scioto and Whetstone or Oientangy rivers, 
and by Alum, Big Walnut or Gahannah, Black- 
lick, and Darby creeks, branches of the Scioto r. 
The surface is level, and rather low and wet. 
The soil is fertile, particularly on the streams, 
and well cultivated, but in most parts adapted to 
grazing. Capital, Columbus. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 15,460, sheep 21,428, swine 
36,241 ; wheat 243,991 bush, produced, rye 3,595, 
Ind. com 1,009,764, buckwheat 3,750, oats 223,942, 
potatoes 64,678, sugar 76,659 pounds ; 7 com. 
houses in for. trade, cap. $63,000 ; 86 stores, cap. 



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222 



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$365,135; 3 lumber yards, cap. $12,000; 2 fur- 
naces, 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 14 tanneries, 
6 distilleries, 3 breweries, 3 potteries, 10 flouring 
m., 11 a;rist m., 45 saw m., 2 oil ni., 4 printing of- 
fices, Sbinderies, 1 daily, 4 weekly, 1 serai-week- 
Jy newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $391,770. 1 
college, 25 students. 3 acad. 123 students, 34 sch. 
827 scholars. Pop.'25,04y. 

Fr.\nklin, county, la. Situated in the s. E. 
part of the state, and contains 400 sq. ms. Wa- 
tered by branches of White Water r., affording 
extensive water power. The land is rolling and 
fertile K., level to the w. The White Water ca- 
nal passes through the county. Capital, Brook- 
ville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 10,296, 
sheep 12,834, swine 17,771; wheat 30,230 bush, 
produced, rye 1,659, Ind. corn 370,361, buckwheat 
J, 067, barley 1,087, oats 97,535, potatoes 4,345, 
hops 2,8 15 pounds ; 18 stores, cap. $177,200; 1 
fuUing m., 3 distilleries, 1 rope fac, 1 flouringm., 
8 grist m., 15 saw m., 1 paper fac, 2 printing offi- 
ces, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. 
$4,920. 1 acad. 137 students, 27 sch. 995 schol- 
ars. Pop. 13,349. 

Franklin, county, III. Situated toward the 
S. part of the state, and contains 864 sq. ms. Or- 
ganized in 1818. Watered by Big Muddy r. and 
its branches, and the s. fork of Saline or. The 
soil is fertile if well cultivated. Capital, Frank- 
fort. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,600, sheep 
3,286, swine 13,199; wheat 13,680 bush, produced, 
Ind. corn 205,914, oats 41,140, potatoes 4,308, to- 
bacco 14,374 pounds, cotton 23,650 ; 14 stores, 
cap. $17,600; 1 tannery, 2 distilleries, 12 grist m., 
2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,100. 9 sch. 200 
scholars. Pop. 3,682. 

Franklin, county. Mo. Situated toward the 
E. part of the state. The ]\Iissouri r. runs on its 
N. boundary. Watered by Maramec r. and Bour- 
beuse river, its principal tributary, which affords 
good water power. Several small rivers enter 
the ]>Iissouri on the n. The surface is slightly 
uneven, and the soil generally fertile. Capital, 
Union. There were in 1840, neat cattle 10,142, 
sheep 7,607, swhie 20,640 ; wheat 33,108 bush, 
produced, rye 498, Ind. corn 264,062, oats 42,6S9, 
potatoes 13,424, tobacco 262,490 pounds, cotton 
449, sugar 5,716 ; 2 smelting houses produced 
990,000 pounds of lead ; 25 stores, cap. $65,530 ; 
4 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 1 powder m., 1 flouring 
m., 14 grist m., 10 saw m. Capital in manufac. 
$23,387. 2 acad. 50 students, 22 sch. 454 schol- 
ars. Pop. whites 6,447, slaves 1,054, free col'd 
14; total, 7,515. 

Franklin, county, Ark. Situated m the n. 
w. part of the state, and contains 800 sq. miles. 
The Arkansas river passes centrally through it. 
The surface is hilly and broken ; soil, on the mar- 
gins of streams, fertile. Capital, Ozark. There 
were m 1840, neat cattle 4,776, sheep 1,141, swine 
15,123 ; wheat 3,548 bush, produced, Ind. corn 
173,51)3, oats 6,737, potatoes 8,657, tobacco 7,759 
pounds, cotton 33,012 ; 8 stores, cap. $42,500 ; 3 
tanneries, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$la,400. 6 .sch. 133 scholars. Pop. whites 2,257, 
slaves 400, free col'd 8 ; total, 2,665. 

Franklin, p-t., Hancock co.. Me., 101 e. by N 
Augusta, 683 W. Situated at the head of Taun- 
ton bay, a n. branch of Frenchman's bay In- 
corporated m 1825. It has 2 stores, cap $7 000 ■ 
2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $3,933. 7 sch. 186 scholars. Pop 502 

Franklin, n-t., Merrimac co., N. H 18 n n 
w. CWord, 499 W. Watered by Pemigewasset 
and Wmnipisiogee rs., which .afibrd good water 
power, and here unite and form Merrimac r., which 
runs centrally through the s. part of the't. In- 



corporated in 1828. It has 2 stores, cap. $12,000 ; 
1 tannery, 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $34,000. 10 sch. 365 scholars. Pop. 1,280. 

Franklin, p-t., Franklin co., Vt., 70 n. n. w. 
Montpelier, 550 W. Chartered in 1789, by the 
name of Huntsburg. Watered by Rocherr. and 
branches of Missi.'-que r. T\\e siu-face is rough, 
but the soil well adapted to grazing. It has 3 
stores, cap. $3,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 grist m., 4 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $6,000. 15 sch. 259 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,410. 

Franklin, p-t., Norfolk co., Mass., 31 s. w.by 
s. Boston, 424 W. Watered by Charles r. and 
its branches, which afford good water power. 
The former forms its n. boundary. Organized in 
1778. It has considerable manufactures, espe- 
cially in straw bonnets, which in 1840 were manu- 
factured to the value of $164,077. It has 7 stores, 
cap. $10,500 ; 4 cotton fac. 3,800 sp., 3 giist m., 6 
saw m. Cap. in manufac $82,000. 10 sch. 454 
scholars. Pop. 1,717. 

Franklin, p-t., New London co., Ct., 37 s. E. 
Hartford, 358 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, 
a gravelly loam, and tolerably fertile, suited to 
grazing. Shetucket r. runs on its n. E. border. 
Watered by Susquetonscut r., a branch of Yan- 
tic r., and Beaver brook, which afford water pow- 
er. It has 3 stores, cap. $2,000 ; 2 fulling m., 1 
woollen fac, 3 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufoc $18,000. 10 sch. 293 scholars. Pop. 1,000. 

Franklin, p-t., Delaware co., N. Y., 84 s. w. 
Albany, 344 W. The surface is broken ; soil, a 
fertile reddish loam. Drained by Oleout cr. and 
its branches. The v. contains 1 Baptist and 1 
3Ietiiodist church, an academy, 6 stores, 100 
dwellings, and about 700 inhabitants. There are 
in the t., 5 stores, cap. $23,500 ; 3 fulling m., 3 tan- 
neries, 3 grist m., 19 saw m. Cap. in manufac 
$22,150. 1 acad. 250 students, 25 sch. 911 schol- 
ars. Pop. 3,025. 

Franklin, t., Frankhn co., N. Y., 25 s. e. Ma- 
lone, 187 N. Albany. The surface is hilly and 
mountainous , soil, various. Drained by Sara- 
nac r. and its tributaries, and by Salmon r. It 
has several small lakes. It has 2 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $2,400. 3 sch. 44 scholars. Pop. 192. 

P^ranklin, t., Warren co., N.J. Musconetcong 
cr. runs on its s. w. border. Watered by Pohal- 
cong cr. It has 2 stores, cap. $3,500 ; 2 grist m. 
Cap. in manufac. $8,300. 6 sch. 440 scholars. 
Pop. 1,347. 

Franklin, t, Somerset co., N. J., 7 s. e. Som- 
erville. The surface is undulating, and on the 
s. w. hilly. Drained by Millstone and Raritan 
rivers, and Si.\ Mile run. It has 14 stores, cap. 
$22,500; 5 lumber yards, cap. $27,000 ; 2 fulling 
m., 2 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 1 printing office, 2 
grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac $78,400. 
1 college, 115 students, 1 acad. 56 students, 11 
sch. 275 scholars. Pop. 3,878. 

Franklin, t., Bergen co., N. J., 13 n. w. Hack- 
ensack. The surface is undulating; soil, gravel, 
loam, and sand, underlaid with sandstone, and 
generally well cultivated and productive. It has 
extensive manufactories. It has 10 stores, cap. 
.$8,600 ; 6 cotton iac 4,398 sp., 4 tanneries, 4 dis- 
tilleries, 5 paper fac, 15 grist m., 25 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $40,633. 13 sch. 462 scholars. Pop. 
4,010. 

Franklin, t., Gloucester co., N. J., 15 s. K. 
Woodbury. The surface is level ; soil, sandy, 
covered with pine forest. Drained by Racoon 
cr., the sources of Maurice r., and branches of 
Great Egg Harbor r. It has 5 stores, cap. $12,800 ,- 
4 glass houses, 2 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $82,000. 7 sch. 535 scholars. Pop. 2,077. 

Franklin, p-b., and capital of Venango co., 



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Pa., 210 w. N. w. Harrisburg, 284 W. Situated 
on the s. side of French cr., at its junction with 
Alleghany r. Organized 1795. It contains a 
court house*, jail, 3 churches — 1 Episcopal, 1 
Methodist, and 1 Cumberland Presbyterian — 2 
academies, 11 stores, 1 grist m., 2 forges, 120 
dwellings, and about 600 inhabitants. A bridge, 
200 feet long, crosses French cr. There is good 
steamboat navigation, by boats of 60 or 100 tons, 
5 months in the year, on the Alleghany river. 
A canal is in progress to connect the Alleghany 
r. at this place with Lake Erie. It has 11 stores, 
cap. $34,700 ; 2 tanneries, 1 pottery, 1 printing 
office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. 
$6,100. 2 sch. 70 scholars. Pop. 595. 

Franklin, Fayette co.. Pa., 9 n. Union. The 
surface is hilly ; soil, loam. Watered by Y'oughi- 
ogheny r. and Redstone cr. It has 1 store, cap. 
$2,500 ; 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $5,050. 5 sch. 235 scholars. Pop. 1,396. 

Franklin, t., Susquehanna co.. Pa. It has 1 
tannery. Cap. in manufac. $550. 5 sch. 120 
scholars. Pop. 515. 

Franklin, t., Armstrong co.. Pa. It has 1 
store, cap. $1,500 ; 1 woollen lac, 1 tannery, 1 
distillery, 5 grist m., 8 .saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$33,910. 3 sch. 71 scholars. Pop. 1,713. 

Franklin, t., Adams co.. Pa. The surface is 
level ; soil, red shale. Watered by Conewago 
and Conecocheague creeks, and branches of 
Marsh cr. It has 6 stores, cap. $13,500; 1 full- 
ing m., 2 woollen fac, 6 tanneries, 6 flouring m., 

5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $39,400. 6 sch. 215 
scholars. Pop. 1,698. 

Franklin, t., York co.. Pa., 4 Harrisburg, 100 
W. Drained by a branch of Bermudian cr. It 
has 4 stores, cap. $6,000 ; 1 tamiery, 3 distiller- 
ies, 2 grist ra., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufactures 
$17,000. Pop. 819. 

Franklin, t., Huntingdon co., Pa. The sur- 
face is mountainous ; soil, calcareous loam. Drain- 
ed by the w. branch of Little Juniata r., on its 
s. boundary, and Warrior's run and Spruce cr. 
It has 6 stores, cap. $26,200 ; 2 furnaces, 8 forges, 
2 woollen fac, 5 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $8,077. 7 sch. 210 scholars. Pop. 
1,376. 

Franklin, t., Bradford co.. Pa. It has 1 store, 
cap. $3,000 \ 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $5,620. 3 sch. 97 scholars. Pop. 351. 

Franklin, t., Westmoreland co.. Pa. It has 
9 stores, cap. $17,100; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen 
fac, 3 tanneries, 1 pottery, 8 flouring m., 1 grist 
m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $22,052. 4 sch. 50 
scholars. Pop. 2,320. 

Franklin, t., Greene co., Pa. The surface is 
rolling ; soil, loam. Drained by Ten Mile creek 
and its tributaries. It contains Waynesburg 
borough, the capital of the co. It has 1 store, 
cap. $2,5(X) ; 1 fulling ni., 1 tannery, 6 distilleries, 

6 grist m., 8 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. 
$17,715. 6 sch. 153 scholars. Pop. 1,486. 

Franklin, t., Alleghany co.. Pa. It has2 stores, 
cap. $1,000 ; 4 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $1,900. 5 sch. 205 scholars. Pop. 955. 

Franklin, p-v., Baltimore co., Md., 34 n. An- 
napolis, 44 W. Situated on the n. bank of the s. 
branch of Patapsco r., 20 miles from its source. 
It contains 2 stores, 2 tanneries, various mechan- 
ics, 40 dwellings, and about 250 inhabitants. 

Franklin, p-v., capital of Pendleton co., Va., 
171 N. w. Richmond, 171 \V. Situated on the 
w. side of the s. branch of Potomac r. It con- 
tains a court house, jail, and about 40 dwellings, 
or other buildings. 

Franklin, p-v., capital of Macon co., N. C, 33 
w. by s. Raleigh, 561 W. Situated on the w. 



side of a s. branch of Tennessee r. It contains a 
court house and several dwellings. 

Franklin, p-v., capital. Heard co., Ga., 131 w. 
Milledgeville, 733 W. Situated on the e. side 
of the Chattahoochee, and contains a court house, 
jail, 1 Mothodi.st church, and 30 dwellings. 

Franklin, p-v., and depot, Henry co., Ala., 
222 s. E. Tuscaloosa, 830 W. It is on the Mont- 
gomery and West Point railroad, 33s miles from 
Montgomery. 

Franklin, p-v.. Holmes co., Miss., 55 n. .Tack- 
son, 1,004 W. Situated on Big Cypress cr. 

Franklin, p-v., capital of St. Mary's par.. La., 
144 w. by s. New Orleans, 1,315 W. Situated 
on the w. side of the Bayou Teche. It contains 
a court house and several dwellings. 

Franklin, p-v., capital of Williamson co., 
Tenn., 18 s. Nashville, 695 W. Situated on the 
s. side of Harpeth r., and contains a court house, 
jail, several stores and dwellings. 

Franklin, p-v., capital of Simpson co., Ky., 
164 s. w. Frankfort, 683 W. Situated on the w. 
side of Drake's cr., a branch of Barren r. It con- 
tains a court house, jail, a church, and several 
dwellings. 

Franklin, jvt., Warren co., O., 84 w. s. w. 
Columbus, 474 W. Situated on the e. bank of 
Great Miami r., above the mouth of Clear creek 
The Miami canal passes through it. It contains 
2 churches, and has a printing office, which is- 
sues a weekly newspaper. 

Fra.nklin, I., Adams co., O. It has 3 stores, 
cap. $12,000; 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 1 saw m. 
Pop. 1,355. 

Franklin, t.. Brown co., O. Pop. 1,199. 

Fra.nklin, t., Clermont co., O. Ohio r. runs on 
its .s. border. It has 4 stores, cap. $13,150 ; 2 tan- 
neries, 2 flouring m., 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in 
manufoc. $22,000. 2 sch. 97 scholars. Pop. 2,218. 

Franklin, t., Coshocton co., O. Situated on 
the E. side of Muskingkura r. Organized in 1814. 
Pop. 670. 

Franklin, t., Columbiana co., O. It has 5 
sch. 344 scholars. Pop. 894. 

Franklin, t., Darke co., O. Pop. 300. 

Franklin, t., Franklin co., O. Situated on 
the w. side of Scioto r. Organized in 1804. It 
has 2 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 1,116. 

Franklin, t., Harrison co., O. It has 4 sch, 
119 scholars. Pop. 1,117. 

Franklin, t., Knox co., O. It has 10 sch. 3S9 
scholars. Pop. 1,337. 

Fra.nklin, t.. Licking co., O. The national 
road passes through it. Pop. 1,131. 

Fraxkli.n, t., Monroe co., O. It has 1 sch. 50 
scholars. Pop. 1,137. 

Franklin, t., Richland co., O. Tlie soil is 
rich. Drained by the head waters of Mohiccaii 
cr. It has 341 scholars in schools. Pop. 1,490. 

Franklin, t., Ross co., O. Situated on the w. 
side of Scioto r. Pop. 539. 

Franklin, t., Shelby co., O. It has 1 sch. 15 
scholars. Pop. 647. 

Franklin, t., Jackson co., O. It has 1 store, 
cap. $200. 2 sch. 58 scholars. Pop. 1,055. 

Franklin, t., Wayne co., O. It has cap. in 
manulac. $50. Pop. 1,504. 

Franklin, t,, Lenawee co., Mich. It has 2 
stores, cap. $6,0tX) ; 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$1,.500. 7 sch. 305 scholars. Pop. 1,023. 

Franklin, p-v., Southfield t., Oakland co., 
Mich., 23 N. w. Detroit, 550 W. 

Franklin, p-v., capital, Johnson co., la., 20 s. 
Indianapolis, 591 W. Situated on the e. side of 
Youngs cr., on a high blufT, and contains a court 
house, 2 churches, 2 seminaries, 6 stores, and 400 
inhabitants. 



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Franklin, t., Floyd co., la. It has 3 stores, 
cap 815,000; 1 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $5,100. Pop. 606. 

Franklin, t., Henry co., la. It has 1 store, 
cap. $2,700; I distillery, 2 grist m., 1 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $1,450. Pop. 1,532. 

Franklin, t., Harrison co., la. It has 3 dis- 
tilleries, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 sch. 30 scholars. 
Pop. 1,113. 

Franklin, t., Owen co., la. It has 19 stores, 
cap. $39,425 ; 1 woollen fac, 4 tanneries, 8 dis- 
tilleries, 1 brewery, 1 flouring m., 25 grist m., 16 
saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $29,565. 1 
sch. 22 scholars. Pop. 865. 

Franklin, t., Putnam co., la. It has 1 store, 
cap. $4,000; 1 distillery, 2 grist m., 1 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $1,450. 1 sch. 17 scholars. 
Pop. 996. 

Franklin, t., Marion co., la. It has 40 stores, 
cap. $81,000; 2 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 500 
sp., 2 tanneries, 1 brewery, 2 potteries, 3 printing 
offices, 2 buideries, 2 weekly and 1 semi-weekly 
newspapers, 1 flouring m., 5 grist m., 9 saw m., 2 
oil m. Cap. in manufac. .$43,875. Pop. 1,291. 

Franklin, t., Montgomery co., la. It has 5 
sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 947. 

Franklin, t., Washington co., la. It has 1 
store, cap. $2,000 ; 6 tanneries, 1 flouring m., 3 
grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $23,500. 
5 sch. 115 scholars. Pop. 2,478. 

Franklin, t., Wayne co., la. It has 5 sch. 
115 scholars. Pop. 1,149. 

Franklin, p-v., Morgan co., 111., 43 w. s. w. 
Springfield, 815 W. 

Franklin, p-t., Howard co., Mo., 53 n. w. 
Jefferson city, 967 W. The v. is pleasantly siU 
uated on the n. side of the Missouri r., at the 
mouth of Bonne Femme r. Pop. of the t. 2,015. 
4 sch. 125 scholars. 

Franklin, t., Livingston co.. Mo. Pop. 587. 

Franklin, p-v., Walworth co.. Wis., 75 s. e. 
Madison, 798 W. 

Franklin, t., Milwaukee co., Wis. It has 1 
grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,000. 
Pop. 248. 

Franklin, t., Chicot co.. Ark. Pop. 227. 

Franklin, t., Izard co.. Ark. It has 1 sch. 
26 scholars. Pop. 276. 

Franklin, t., Sevier co.. Ark. It has 1 sch. 
12 scholars. Pop. 296. 

Franklin, t.. Union co., Ark. It has 1 sch. 12 
scholars. Pop. 649. 

Franklin Acadkmy, p-o., Upson co., Ga., 76 
w. by s. Milledgeville, 715 W. 

Franklin City, p-v., Franklin t., Norfolk co., 
Mass., 28 w. by s. Boston, 427 W. 

Franklindale, v., Fishkill t., Dutchess co., 
N. Y. It contains 1 church, 1 calico print fac, 
1 comb fac, 1 large flouring m., and 30 or 40 
dwellings. 

Franklindale, p-o., Bradford co.. Pa., 138 n. 
Harrisburg, 258 W. 

Franklin Depot, p-o., Southampton co., Va., 
80 s. s. E. Richmond, 199 W. 

Franklin Furnace, p-o., Hardiston t., Sussex 
CO., N. J., 84 N. Trenton, 252 W. 

Franklin Furnace, p-v., Green t., Scioto oo 
O., 105 s. Columbus, 421 W. 

Franklin Mills, p-v., Franklin t., Porta-'e 
CO., O., 134 N. E. Columbus, 325 W. Situated 
on the Cuyahoga r., which has here fine falls 
creating a great water power. It contains a glass 
fac, several mills, and a pleasant village, con- 
taining some fine houses and stores. The Penn- 
sylvania and Ohio canal passes through the v 

Franklin Square, p-v., Salem t., Columbi- 
ana CO., O., 155 N. E. Columbus, 285 W. Situ- 



ated at the junction of Cherry Fork, and Middle 
Fork of Little Beaver r. It contains 2 stores, 1 
extensive woollen fac, 1 oil m., 1 saw m., and 
about 30 dwellings, and 151 inhabitants. 

Franklinto.n, po., Middleburg t., Schoharie 
CO., N. Y. 

Franklinton, p-o., Franklin co., N. C, 26 n. 
E. Raleigh, 262 W. 

Franklinton, p-v., capital of Washington 
par., La., 68 n. by w. New Orleans, 1,129 W. 
Situated on Boguechitto r., and contains a court 
house, a Methodist church, an academy, 2 stores, 
and 50 iniiabitants. 

Franklintown, p-v., York co., Pa., 15 s. s. 
w. Harrisburg, 100 W. 

Franklintown, p-v., Northampton co., Va., 
168 E. by s. Richmond, 222 W. 

Franklinville, p-t., Cattaraugus co., N. Y., 
280 w. by s. Albany, 327 W. The surface is 
undulating ; soil, fertile clay, sandy and gravelly 
loam. Drained by Ischua and Great Valley crs. 
It has 3 stores, cap. $1,100; 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 
3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $11,035. 8 sch. 381 
scholars. Pop. 1,293. 

Franklinville, p-o., Harford co., Md. 

Franklinville, {)-v., Randolph co., N. C. 

Franks, t., St. Irancis co.. Ark. It has 1 
sch. 20 scholars. Pop. 565. 

Frankstown, t., Huntingdon co.. Pa., 116 w. 
Harrisburg, 164 W. The surface consists of 
mountain and valley; soil, calcareous loam, in 
the valleys. Frankstown branch of Juniata r. 
enters the t. through Frankstown Gap of Dun- 
ning's Mountain, and receives Beaver Dam creek, 
on which, w. of HoUidaysburg, commences the 
railroad portage, across the Alleghany mountain, 
to Johnstown. It has 1 store, cap. $6,000 ; 1 dis- 
tillery, 3 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$4,910. 9 sch. 580 scholars. Pop. 1,499. 

Frankstown, p-b., Frankstown t., Hunting- 
don CO., Pa., 2 E. Hollidaysburg. Situated on 
Frankstown branch of Juniata r., and contains 
about 50 dwellings. It has 3 stores, cap. $ 18,000 ; 
1 tannery, 1 saw m., 1 furnace. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $4,950. Pop. 357. 

Frazer, p-o., Chester co., Pa., 74 e. s. e. 
Harrisburg, 131 W. 

Frazeysburg,p-v., Jackson t., Muskingum co., 
O., 61 E. Columbus, 354 W. Situated on the 
Ohio and Erie canal. 

Frazier's Store, p-o., Lawrence co., la., 77 
s. s. w. Indianapolis, 627 W. 

Frazierville, p-o., Abbeville dist. S. C, 88 
w. Columbia, 538 W. 

Frease's Store, p-o.. Stark co., O., 108 n. e. 
Columbus, 328 W. 

Frederica, p-v., Kent co., Del., 13 s. Dover. 
Situated on the n. sideof Motherkill creek. 

Frederica, p-v,, Glynn co., Ga., 229 s. E. 
^Milledgeville, 733 W. Situated on the w. side 
of St. Simon's Island. A fort was built here by 
Gen. Oglethorpe, in 1736, which is in ruins. The 
V. contains 10 or 15 houses. 

Frederick, county, Md., extends across the 
state toward its w. part, and contains 750 square 
miles. The Potomac r. runs on its s. w. border. 
Drained by Monococy r. and Cotoctin cr., and 
their branches. The surface is level, or mode- 
rately uneven. The soil is generally fertile, and 
adapted to grain or grazing. Capital, P'rederick. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 21,046, sheep 
21,375, swine 51,75S; wheat 734,767 bushels 
produced, rye 221,550, Ind. corn 706,694, buck- 
wheat 3,520, oats 307,181, potatoes 101,087, silk 
cocoons 1,435 pounds, tobacco 337,991 ; 102 
stores, cap. $339,600 ; 7 lumber yards, capital 
$6,800 ; 4 furnaces, 9 fuUhig m., 7 woollen fac, 



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40 tanneries, 12 distilleries, 2 breweries, 3 pot- 
teries, 3 rope fac, 46 flouring m., 55 grist m., 80 
saw m., 2 oil in., 3 paper fac, 4 printing offices, 
2 binderies, 1 periodical, 4 weekly newspapers. 
Cap. in manufac. $520,605. 2 colleges, 283 stu- 
dents, 4 acad. 233 students, 61 sch. 2,291 schol- 
ars. Pop. whites 28,975, slaves 4,345, free col'd 
2,985 ; total, 36,405. 

Frederick, county, Va. Situated in the n. 
E. part of the state, and contains 660 sq. miles. 
Tlie surface is diversified, and the soil is various. 
Shenandoah river bounds it on the s. and s. e. 
Opequan, Sleepy, and Back creeks rise in this 
county, and flow into the Potomac r. The sur- 
face is uneven and broken ; soil, very fertile. A 
railroad extends from Winchester to the Balti- 
more and Ohio railroad, at Harper's Ferry. Cap- 
ital, Winchester. There were in 1840, neat cat- 
tle 6,989, sheep 13,055, swine 13,262; wheat 
173,289 bushels produced, rye 30,630, Ind. corn 
300,107, buckwheat 8,454, oats 134,703, potatoes 
36,9S5; 49 stores, cap. $237,000; 1 furnace, 4 
fulling m., 5 woollen fac, 15 tanneries, 7 distil- 
leries, 2 potteries, 1 rope fac, 25 flourmg m., 20 
grist m., 32 saw m., 1 paper fac, 2 printing offices, 

1 bindery, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $226,135. 4 acad. 140 students, 5 sch. 134 
scholars. Pop. whites 11,119, slaves 2,302, free 
col'd 821 ; total, 14,242. 

Frederick, p-t., Montgomery Co., Pa., 77 e. 
Harrisburg, 170 W. It has4 stores, cap. $11,300 ; 

2 tanneries, 2 powder m., 2 potteries, 4 grist m., 
6 saw m., 6 oil m. Cap. in manufac $17,000. 4 
sch. 269 scholars. Pop. 1,217. 

Frederick, city, p-v., capital of Frederick co., 
Md., 75 w. N. w. Annapolis, 43 W. It is the 
second place in importance in the state, being in 
ferior only to Baltimore. Situated on Carroll's 
cr., a branch of Monocoey cr., 3 miles w. of the 
latter. It is regularly laid out, with wide streets, 
crossing each other at right angles, many of them 
paved ; and contains an elegant court house, a 
jail, and county offices, 12 churches, some of 
them large and handsome, several banks, several 
literary and scientific institutions, about 800 
dwellings, mostly of stone or brick, many of 
them elegant, and 5,182 inhabitants. The re- 
ligious denominations are German Lutherans, 
German Calvinists, Presbyterians, Episcopalians, 
Baptists, Methodists, and Roman Catholics. The 
great road from Baltimore to Wheeling passes 
through the place ; and a branch railroad, 3 ms. 
long, connects it with the Baltimore and Ohio rail- 
road, near the Monocoey viaduct. The country 
aroimd is exceedingly fertUe, and the trade of this 
place is extensive. It has 3 commission houses, 
and 37 retail stores, cap. $132,300; 2 lumber 
yards, cap. $6,000; 3 furnaces, 1 fulling m., 1 
woollen fac, 10 tanneries, 1 brewery, 1 pottery, 
2 rope fac, 10 flouring m., 2 grist m., 3 saw m., 1 
oil m., 1 paper fac, 4 printing offices, 1 bindery, 1 
periodical, and 4 weekly newspapers. Cap. in 
manufac. $118,790. 2 acad. 168 students, 10 sch. 
356 scholars. 

Frederick, p-o., Milton t., Trumbull co., C, 
157 Columbus, 305 W. 

Frederick, t., Knox co., O. Pop. 444. 

Fredericksburg, p-o., Lebanon co.. Pa. 

Fredericksburg, city, Spottsylvania co., Va., 
is situated on the s. w. side of Rappahannock 
r., 110 ms. above the Chesapeake, in 38° 44' n. 
lat., and 77° 38' w. Ion. 66 e. of n. Richmond, 56 
s. s. w. W. Pop. 1830, 3,307 ; 1840, 3,974. The 
city is regularly laid out, and presents a beautiful 
appearance from the lieights by which it is sur- 
rounded. It has a court house, jail, county of- 
fices, a market, and 5 churches — 1 Episcopal, 1 
29 



Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, and 1 Re- 
formed Baptist. It is supplied with excellent 
water from the Rappahannock, in pipes, laid by 
by a joint-stock CO. The falls of the Rappahan- 
nock, in the vicinity, afford good water power. It 
has a flourishing trade, exporting grain, flour, to- 
bacco, Indian corn, &c. Its exports have been 
computed at over $1,000,000 annually. It was 
named in honor of Prince Frederick, father of 
George 111. There were in 1840, 73 stores, cap. 
$367,961; 2 tanneries, paints, drugs, &c., cap. 
$37,0(X) ; 1 grist m., 2 printing offices, 4 semi- 
weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $ 141,200. 
5 acad. 256 students, 7 sch. 156 scholars. 

Fredericksburg, p-v.. Salt creek t., Wayne 
CO., O., 98 N. E. Columbus, 353 W. It contains 2 
churches, 3 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 woollen 
fac, about 25 mechanic shops, and about 350 in- 
habitants. 

Fredericksburg, t., Mu.skingum co., O. It 
has 1 sch. 57 scholars. Pop. 163. 

Fredericksburg, p-v., Ray co., Mo., 154 w 
N. w. JeflTerson city, 1,059 W. 

Fredericksburg, p-v., Washington co., la., 
Ills. Indianapolis, 625 W. Situated on Blue r., 
and has about 50 inhabitants. 

Frederickshall, p-o., Louisa co., Va., 48 n. 
w. Richmond, 91 W. 

Fredon, p-o., Stillwater t., Sussex co., N. J., 
74 N. Trenton, 231 W. 

Fredonia, p-v., Pomfret t., Chautauque co., 
N. Y., 323 w. by s. Albany, 315 W. Situated 2 
miles e. of Lake Erie. Incorporated in 1829, 
and contains 5 churches, an academy, 6 stores, 1 
flouring m., 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 clothier's 
works, 1 furnace, 150 dwellings, and about 1,000 
inhabitants. Hero is an inflammable spring, iho 
gas of which, (carbonated hydrogen,) is used for 
lighting the streets, and for dome.stic purposes. 

Fredo.via, p-t.. Licking co., O., 40 n. e. Co- 
lumbus, 379 W. It has 2 sch. 75 scholars. Pop. 
107. 

Fredonia, p-v., Caldwell co., Ky., 233 w. s. 
w. Frankfort, 771 W. 

Fredonia, p-v., Montgomery co., Tenn., 34 
N. w. Nashville, 719 W. 

Fredonia, p-v., capital of Crawford co., la., 
122 s. Indianapolis, 641 W. Situated on a high 
bluff", on the n. side of the Ohio r., at the Great 
Horse Shoe Bend. It contains a court house and 
other county buildings, 3 stores, 1 carding and 
spinning machine, 1 steam grist and saw in., a 
ship yard, and about 1 10 inhabitants. There are 
in the t., 1 sch. 35 scholars. Pop. 136. 

I'redonia, p-v., Williamson co.. 111., 175 s. s. 
E. Springfield, 826 W. 

Fredonia, p-v.. Chambers co., Ala., 175 e. s. 
E. Tuscaloosa, 753 W. 

Fredonia, p-o., Wa.shtenaw co., Mich. 
Fredonia, t., Calhoun co., Mich. It has 8 
sch. 15 scholars. Pop. 313. 

Fredonia, p-o., Louisa co., Iowa. 
Fredensburg, p-v., Schuylkill co.. Pa., 53 n. 
e. Harrisburg, 163 W. 

Freedo.m, p-t., Waldo co.. Me., 33 n. e. Au- 
gusta, 628 W. Incorporated in 1813. The soil 
is fertile, adapted to grain. It has 3 stores, cap. 
$3,800; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 3 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $5J0. 'J sch. 469 scholars. 
Pop. 1,153. 

Freedcm, p-t., Carroll co., N. IL, 61 n. n. e. 
Concord, 612 W. Incorporated from Effingham 
in 1832. The surface is uneven, and the soil is, 
much of it, fertile. Ossipee lake borders it on the 
N. It has 4 stores, cap. $3,200 ; 2 tanneries. Cap. 
in manufac. $850. 8 sch. 432 scholars. Pop. 
926. 



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Freedom, p-t., Cattaraugus co., N. Y., 270 w. 
by s. Albany, 346 W. The surface is level ; soil, 
a fertile gravelly loam, adapted to grass. Drained 
by Clear cr., and other tributaries of Cattaraugus 
cr. It has 2 stores, cap. $3,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 
woollen fac, 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 3 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $5,200. 14 sch. 415 scholars. 
Pop. 1,831. 

Freedom, t., Adams co.. Pa. It has 1 distil- 
lery, 2 flouring m., 2 grist m. Pop. 465. 

Freedom, p-b., Beaver co., Pa., 224 w. by n. 
Harrisburg, 250 W. Situated on the E. bank of 
Ohio r., 2 ms. from the mouth of Beaver r. It is 
pleasantly located on ascending ground, and con- 
tains several manufactories of steam engines and 
boilers, and a boat-yard, where some of tiie lar- 
gest and finest steamboats have been built. It 
has 3 stores, cap. $5,550 ; 1 distillery, 2 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $18,700. 1 sch. 75 scholars. 
Pop. 384 

Freedoom, p-v., Carroll co., Md., 50 n. w. 
Annapolis, 60 W. 

Freedom, p-t.. Portage co., O., 159 n. e. Co- 
lumbus, 315 W. The surface is level, and some 
of it wet, and the soil is fertile. It has 7 sch. 227 
scholars. Pop. 888. 

Freedom, t., Henry co., O. It has 1 saw m. 
Cap. in jnanufac. $4,000. 1 sch. 8 scholars. 
Pop. 105. 

Freedom, t.. Wood co.. Pa. It has 2 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $2,500. 1 sch. 28 scholars. 
Pop. 248. 

FreedoiM, p-o., St. Joseph co., Mich., 131 w. 
s. w. Detroit, 580 W. 

Freedom, t., Washtenaw co., Mich. Pop. 
956. 

Freedom, p-v., Owen co., la., 67 s. w. Indian- 
apolis, 630 W. 

Freedom, t., La Fayette co., Mo. It has 3 
sch. 90 scholars. Pop. 415. 

Freedom Plains, p-v.. La Grange t., Dutch- 
ess CO., N. Y., 79 s. Albany, 306 W. It contains 
1 store, and several dwellings. 

Freehold, p-v., Greenville t., Greene co., N. 
Y., 42 s. by w. Albany, 355 W. It contains 1 
church, 2 stores, 1 grist m., 1 tannery, 1 clothier's 
works, 20 dwellings, and about 120 inhabitants. 

Freehold, p-t, capital of Monmouth co., N. .1., 
35 s. E. Trenton, 201 W. The soil is a sandy 
loam, productive with good culture. Tiie v. con- 
tains a court house, jail, and county offices, 5 
churches— 1 Presbyterian, 1 Dutch Reformed, 1 
Episcopal, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist— an acad- 
emy, 6 stores, a printing office, and 40 dwellings. 
A hard fought battle of the revolution occurred 
here, June 28th, 1778, denominated the battle of 
Monmouth. There are in the t., 12 stores, cap. 
$49,500 ; 2 tanneries, 1 1 distilleries, 2 printing 
offices, 2 daily new.spapers, 11 grist m., 11 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $21,165. 1 acad. 5 stu- 
dents, 17 sch. 637 scholars. Pop. 6,303. 

Freehold, Upper, t., Monmouth co., N. J. 
The surface is level, and the soil, clay, sandy 
loam, and sand. Tiie soil in the w. part is good, 
m the .s. e. covered with pine forest. Drained 
by Millstone r., and Crosswick's, Doctor's, and 
other creeks. It contains 20 stores, 12 saw m 
several grist m. with 15 run of stones, 1 fulling 
m., 3 carding machmes, several tanneries with 
oO vats, and a number of distilleries. It has 18 
sch. 1,200 scholars. Pop. 5,026. 

^"i'.'i",2i'?' i' )^^?'"'"®" '''>- P**- It l>as 2 stores, 
cap. $12,000 ; 1 fulhng m., 1 grist m., 4 saw m. 
Cap. in manuiac. $9,695. 5 sch. 133 scholars. 
Pop. 778. 

Freem.vn, p-t., Franklin co., Me., 48 n n w 
Augusta, 637 W. It has a fertile soil, adapted to 



grain. Watered by a branch of Sandy cr. It 
has 2 stores, cap. $1,500; 1 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $500. 7 sch. 387 scholars. Pop. 83S. 

Freem.vnsbitrg, p-v., Northampton co., Pa., 
99 e. n. e. Harrisburg, 192. 

Freemanton, Effingham co., 111., 90 s. e. 
Springfield, 719 W. 

Freeport, p-t., Cumberland co., Me., 34 s. s. 
w. Augusta, 561 W. Situated at the head of 
Casco bay. Organized in 1789. The v. is plea- 
santly situated, and has a small harbor, and some 
navigation, and ship building. There are in the 
t. 11 stores, cap. $11,900; 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 1 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,100. 18 sch. 806 
scholars. Pop. 2,662. 

Freeport, p-b., Buffalo t., Armstrong co.. Pa., 
196 w. N. vv. Harrisburg, 228 W. Situated at 
the confluence of Buffalo cr. with Alleghany r. 
The Pennsylvania canal passes through the t., 
crossing the cr. in an aqueduct, and an office is 
established here for the collection of tolls. It 
contains 6 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episco- 
pal, 1 Baptist, 1 Associate Refonned, 1 Metho- 
dist, and 1 Roman Catholic — 1 steam saw m., 1 
steam grist m., 1 water grist and saw m., 1 tan- 
nery, numerous mechanic shops, and about 150 
dwellings. It has 11 stores, cap. $15,700 ; 1 full- 
uig m., 1 pottery, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $14,250. 2 sch. 100 scholars. Pop. 
727. 

Freeport, p-t, Harrison co., O., 99 e. n. e. 
Columbus, 304 W. It contains several flouring 
m. and factories. The v. is situated on Big Still- 
water cr., a branch of Tuscarawas r., and con- 
tains 4 churches, 6 stores, 2 warehouses, 25 me- 
chanic shops, 60 dwellings, and about 300 inhab- 
itants. The Stillwater is boatable to thi.s place ; 
and at its mouth, 20 ms. distant, connects with 
the Ohio canal. It has 5 sch. 323 scholars. 
Pop. 1,285. 

Freeport, p-v., Shelby co., la., 29 s. e. In- 
dianapolis, 560 W. 

Freeport, p-v., Stephenson co., HI., 200 ms. 
N. Springfield, 832 W. Situated on the Peeka- 
tonica r. 

Freesburg, p-v., Union co.. Pa., 66 n. Harris- 
burg, 156 W. 

Freeshade, p-o., Middlesex co., Va., 98 e. 
Richmond, 169 W. 

Freetown, p-t., Bristol co., Mass., 42 s. Bos- 
ton, 427 W. Incorporated in 1683. Situated on 
the e. side of Taunton r., by a branch of which it 
is watered. The soil is light, and not very fer- 
tile. It has considerable manufactures, and some 
navigation. It has 9 stores, cap. $12,943; 2 fur- 
naces, 1 tannery, 1 pottery, 1 printing office, 1 
weekly newspaper, 9 grist m. Cap. in manufac. 
$30,500. 1 acad. 25 students, 14 sch. 534 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,772. 

Freetown, p-t., Cortland co., N. Y., 139 w. 
by s. Albany, 326 W. The surface is undula- 
ting ; soil, a fertile sandy loam. Drained by 
tributaries of Toughnioga and Ostelic rivers. It 
has 1 store, cap. $3,500 ; 1 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $2,400. 9 sch. 374 scholars. Pop. 950. 

Freetown Corners, p-o., Freetown t., Cort- 
land CO., N. Y., 144 w. by s. Albany, 324 W. 

French Broad, p-o.. Buncombe co., N. C, 
265 w. Raleigh, 488 W. 

French Broad, r., one of the head branches 
of Tennessee r., rises on the n. side of the Blue 
Ridge, m Buncombe co., N. C, and enters Ten- 
nessee through a gap in the mountains, and 
unites with Holston r. 5 miles above Kno.wille. 
It is navigable for boats of 15 tons to Dandridge. 
Its chief branches are Nolachucky r., on tlie N., 
and Great and Little Pigeon rivers, on the s. 



FRI 



227 



FUL 



French Creek, N. Y. and Pa., rises in Chau- 
tauque co., N. Y., and passes into Pa., and, run- 
ning by Meadville, enters the Alleghany r. at 
Franklin b., Venango co. It is 100 ms. long, and 
boatable half that distance. 

French Creek, p-t., Chautauque co., N. Y., 
368 w. by s. Albany, 358 W. The surface is 
hilly ; soil, moist sandy loam, well adapted to 
grass. Watered by French cr. It has 1 grist m., 
2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,600. 4 sch. 99 
scholars. Pop. 621. 

French Creek, t., Venango co., Pa. It has 
2 stores, cap. $2,800 ; 2 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 
grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,800. 
Pop. 787. 

French Creek, p-t., Mercer co., Pa., 223 W. 
N. w. Harrisburg, 297 W. The surface is level \ 
soil, clay and loam, not very fertile. Drained by 
French and Sandy creeks. It has 3 tanneries, 1 
grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $350. 6 
sch. 240 scholars. Pop. 981. 

French Creek, p-o., Lewis co., Va., 307 w. 
Richmond, 275 W. It contains 1 Presbyterian 
church, 1 tannery, various mechanics, and about 
70 scattered dwellings. It is an agricultural set- 
tlement, peopled chiefly from New England. 

French Creek, p-o., Peoria co.. 111. 

French Grant, p-o., Green t., Scioto co., O., 
110 s. Columbus, 426 W. 

French Grove, p-o.. Bureau co.. 111. Situated 
on branches of Spoon r. It contains fine timber 
groves, surrounded by rich rolling prairie. 

French Mills, p-o., Bradford co., Pa., 159 n. 
by e. Harrisburg, 269 W. 

French Mills, p-o., Onslow co., N. C, 157 s. 
by E. Raleigh, 387 W. 

Frenchtown, p-v., Lewis co., Va., 311 w. n. 
w. Richmond, 279 W. 

Frenchtown, p-o., Hunterdon co., N. J., 35 
N. by w. Trenton, 192 W. 

Frenchtown, t., Monroe co., Mich. Pop. 833. 

Frenchville, p-o., Clearfield co.. Pa. 

French Village, p-v., St. Clair co., III. It 
contains about 20 or 30 families. 

Frewsburgh, p-o., Carroll t., Chautauque co., 
N. Y., 340 w. by s. Albany, 317 W. 

Frev's Bush, p-o., Canajoharie t., Montgomery 
CO., N. Y. 

Friends Grove, p-o., Charlotte co., Va., 98 
w. s. vv. Richmond, 188 W. It contains a store, 
and a tobacco fac, employing 30 hands. 

Friendship, p-t., Lincoln co.. Me., 54 s. E. 
Augusta, 631 W. It has the Atlantic on the s., 
and Muscongus bay on the w., and contains sev- 
eral islands. It has considerable navigation and 
trade. It has 6 stores, cap. $6,400 ; 2 grist m., 3 
.saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $2,872. 7 sch. 224 
scholars. Pop. 725. 

Friendship, p-t., Alleghany co., N. Y., 272 w. 
by s. Albany, 325 W. The surface is undulating ; 
soil, argillaceous mold, well adapted to grass. 
Watered by Campaii's cr., a branch of Genesee 
r. The v. is situated on the line of the New 
York and Erie railroad, and contains 2 churches, 
8 stores, 1 grist m., 90 dwellings, and about 700 
inhabitants. Pop. of the t. 1,244. It has 5 stores, 
cap. $24,000; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tan- 
nery, 3 grist m., 17 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$24,100. Pop. 1,244. 

Friendship, p-v., Anne Arundel co., Md., 31 
N. w. Annapolis, 61 W. 

Friendship, p-o., Guilford co., N. C, 91 w. N. 
w. Raleigh, 312 W. 

Friendship, p-o., Sumter dist., S. C, 81 E. s. 
E. Columbia, 519 W. 

Friendship, p-o., Sumter co., Ga., 108 s. w. 
Milledgeville, 764 W. 



Friendsville, p-v., Middletown t., Susque- 
hanna CO., Pa., 175 N. N. E. Harrisburg, 283 W. 
It contains 1 store, and 6 or 8 dwellings. 

Friendsville, p-o., Alleghany co., Md., 217 
N. w. Annapolis, 175 W. 

Friendsville, p-o., Wabash co.. 111., 177 s. K. 
Springfield, 715 W. 
Friend's Mills, p-o., Warrick co., la. 
Front Royal, p-v., capital, Warren co., Va^ 
139 N. N. w. Richmond, 85 W. Pleasantly situ- 
ated on Happy cr., 1 mile from the Shenandoah. 
It contains a court house, 2 churches, 2 acade- 
mies, several stores, various mechanics, a saw 
and grist m., 40 dwellings, and about 300 inhabit- 
ants. 

Frostborg, p-v., Alleghany CO., Md., 176 n. 
w. Annapolis, 144 W. Situated on the national 
road, 10 miles w. of Cumberland. 

Frostville, p-o., Cuyahoga co., O., 131 n. n. 
E. Columbus, 371 W. 

Fruit Hill, p-o.. Providence co., R. I., 4 
Providence, 404 W. 

Fruit Hill, p-v., Clearfield co., Pa., 132 n. 
w. IIarri.sburg, 222 W. 

Fruit Hill, p-o., Christian co., Ky., 192 s. w. 
Frankfort, 728 W. 

Fruit Hill, p-o., Edgefield dist., S. C, 70 w. 
by s. Columbia, 544 W. 

Fryeburg, p-t., Oxford co.. Me., 72 w. s. w. 
Augusta, 569 W. Situated on both sides of Saco 
r. Incorporated in 1777. The soil on the r. is 
fertile ; but otherwise it is light, and not very 
fertile. The v. is beautifully situated on a plain, 
surrounded by hills, and contains a Congrega- 
tional church, and a flourishing academy. Lov- 
ell's pond, famous in early Indian warfare, lies 
near the v. 'I'here are in the town 1 academy 
60 students, 15 schools, 550 scholars. Population 
1,536. 

Fryer's Ponds, p-o., Burke co., Ga., 94 e. by 
s. Milledgeville, 617 W. 

Fullersville, p-v.. Fowler t., St. Lawrence 
CO., N. Y., 190 N. N. w. Albany, 460 W. It con 
tains 2 churches, 1 store, 1 furnace, 2 forges, 1 
grist m., 1 saw m. A branch of Oswegatchie r. 
affords water power. 
Fullersville, p-o., Barbour co., Ala. 
Fullwood's Store, p-o., Mecklenburg co., 
N. C, 177 w. s. w. Raleigh, 414 W. 

FuLTO.N, county, N. Y. Situated n e. of the 
centre of the state, and contains 500 sq ms. The 
surface is hilly, with some mountains. The val- 
leys have a fertile soil. Drained by the Sacan- 
daga r. and East Canada cr. Capital, Johnstown. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 19,982, sheep 
32,525, swine 14,042; wheat 25,162 bush, pro- 
duced, rye 33,573, Ind. corn 59,886, buckwheat 
31,011, barley 22,860, oats 245,718, potatoes 
402,954, sugar 80,129 pounds; 57 stores, capital 
$143,825 ; 1 furnace, 1 1 fulling m., 5 woollen fac, 
23 tanneries, 2 rope fac, 19 grist m., 1.56 saw m., 
2 oil m., 7 paper fac, 3 printing offices, 1 bindery, 
1 periodical, 2 w^eekly newspapers. Capital in 
manufac. $541,643. 2 acad. 235 students, 89 sch. 
4,059 scholars. Pop. 18,049. 

Fulton, county, la. Situated toward the n. 
part of the state, and contains 350 sq. ms. The 
surface is level. Watered by the head branches 
of Tippecanoe river. Capital, Rochester. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 2,130, sheep 1,440, swine 
5,246; wheat 9,122 bush, produced, Indian corn 
64,626, oats 9,824, potatoes 13,513, sugar 22,748 
pounds; 3 stores, cap. $15,000; 1 forge, 1 grist 
m., 6sawm. Cap. in manufac. $5,100. 3 schools. 
Pop. 1,993. 

Fulton, county. 111. Situated toward the n. 
w. part of the state. Illinois r. runs on its s. e^ 



GAD 



228 



GAD 



border. Watered by Spoon r. and Copperas or. 
The surface is undulating, consisting of timber 
land and prairie, and the soil is excellent. Cap- 
ital Lewiston. There were in 1S40, neat cattle 
13,419, sheep r2,019, swine 39,326 ; wheat 105,373 
bush, produced, rye 3,825, Indian corn 608.88S, 
buckwheat 2.386, oats 127,059, potatoes 60,702, 
tobacco 7,787 pounds, sugar 23,934; 29 stores, 
cap. $70,335 ; 1 furnace, 5 tanneries, 11 distiller- 
ies, 18 grist m., 31 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 printing 
offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. 
$87,590. 2 acad. 72 students, 47 sch. 1,328 schol- 
ars. Pop. 13,142. 

Fulton, t., Schoharie co., N. Y., 9 s. Scho- 
harie, 42 Albany. The surface is uneven, over- 
laid with graywacke, of which grindstones are 
manufactured. The soil in the valleys is fertile. 
Drained by Schoharie cr. and its tributaries, one 
of which has a fall of 100 feet. The v., on Scho- 
harie cr., contains 1 store, 1 grist m., and 12 or 15 
dwellings. There are in the t. 2 stores, capital 
$2,000; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 1 saw- 
in. Cap. in manufac. $2,750. 13 sch. 671 schol- 
ars. Pop. 2,147. 

Fulton, p-v., Volney t., Oswego co., N. Y., 
190 w. N. w. Albany, 460 W. Situated on the 
E. side of Cswego r. A fall here of about 20 feet 
produces an extensive water power. It contains 
4 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Meth- 
odist, and 1 Universalist — 12 stores, 3 flouring 
m., 8 saw m., 250 dwellings, and about 1,600 in- 
habitants. 

Fulton, p-o., Westmoreland co., Pa., 183 w. 
Harrisburg, 209 W. 

Fulton, p-t., Hamilton co., O., 120 s. w. by w. 
Columbus, 496 W. Situated on Ohio r., above 
and adjoining Cincinnati. It fronts on the r. 2i 
ms., and extends back to the top of the river hill, 
half a mile. The v. consists of one extended 
street. It has 2 extensive lumber yards, 4 steam 
saw m., and 4 ship yards, where numerous steam- 
boats are built. About a mile intervenes be- 
tween the V. and the compact part of the city, so 
that it has the character of a separate village. 
There are in the t., 3 sch. 143 scholars. Pop. 
1,506. 

Fulton, p-v., Lawrence t.. Stark co., O., (p-o. 
called Canal Fulton,) 125 Columbus, 330 W. 
Situated on the Ohio canal, and contains 6 stores, 
6 large warehouses, 1 steam saw m., 1 tannery, 
1 brewery, 90 dwellings, and about 500 inhabit- 
ants. 

Fulton, p-v., Barry co., Mich., 140 w. by n. 
Detroit, 605 W. 

Fulton, p-v., Davie co., N. C, 156 w. Raleigh, 
364 W. 

Fulton, p-v., Sumter dist., S. C, 69 e. by s. 
Columbia, 509 W. 

Fulton, p-v., Hempstead co.. Ark., 126 s. w. 
Little Rock, 1,191 W. Situated on the n. side 
of Red r. 

Fulton, p-v., Whitesides co., 111., 185 n. by w. 
Springfield, 865 W. 

Fulton, p-v., capital of Callaway co., Mo., 22 



N. E Jefferson city, 917 W. Situated on Riviero 
an Vases, 12 ms. n. Missouri r. It contains a 
court house, 2 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Bap- 
tist — 2 academies, 8 stores, 40 dwellings, and 
about 500 inhabitants. Pop. of the t. 3,052. 

Fulton, t.. Fountain co., la. It has 141 schol- 
ars in schools. Pop. 657. 

Fulton, p-v., Lauderdale co., Tenn., 200 w. 
Nashville, 8-i2 W. Situated on the e. side of the 
Mississippi r., 2 ms. above the mouth of the Big 
Hatchee, on a beautifid bluff. It has 1 large 
warehouse and a few dwellings. 

Fulton, p-v., capital of Itawamba co., 3Iiss., 
210 N. E. Jackson, 875 W. Situated on the e. fork 
f)f Tombigbee r. It contains a court house and a 
few dwellings. 

Fultoniiam, p-o., Fulton t., Schoharie co., N. 
Y., 42 w. Albany, 380 W. 

Fultonham, p-v., Uniontovm t., Muskingum 
CO., O., 57 E. Columbus, 348 W. The v. contains 
1 Lutheran and 1 Baptist church, 4 stores, 12 or 
15 mechanic shops, and about 60 dwellings. Jon- 
athan's cr., on which is a great number of mills, 
runs in sight of the v. 

P'uLTONviLLE, p-v.. Glen t., Montgomery co., 
N. Y., 43 w. N. w. Albany, 407 W. Situated on 
the s. side of Mohawk r., on the Erie canal. It 
contains 1 Dutch Reformed church, 4 stores, 2 
groceries, a dry dock and boat yard, 60 dwell- 
ings, and about 400 inhabitants. A bridge here 
crosses the Mohawk. 

Fulton Lakes, N. Y., a chain of 8 small 
lakes, lying in Herkimer and Hamilton counties. 
They are connected by navigable outlets, and 
discharge their waters into Moose r., a branch of 
Black r. 

FuNDY, Bay of, sets up between Cape Sable, 
the s. point of Nova Scotia, and Mount Desert isl- 
and, in Maine, a distance of 150 ras. From East- 
port to St. Johns, N. B., is 60 ms. The bay is 
divided, in its n. e. part, into 2 branches, the n. 
w. called Chignecto bay, the head of which is 
170 ms. from Eastport. The s. e. part is called 
the Basin of Mines, 150 miles from Eastport. 
Gypsum is obtained on the Basin of Mines, and 
grindstones on Chignecto bay. The tide rises at 
Eastport 25 feet, at St. Johns 30, at Windsor 60, 
at the head of Chignecto bay 71 feet. The tide 
comes in with amazing rapidity, and swine are 
often overtaken and drowned wliile feeding on 
shell-fish. 

Funkstown, p-v., Washington co., Md., 99 n. 
w. Annapolis, 67 W. Situated on the e. bank 
of Antictam cr., a tributary of the Potomac, 22 
N. w. Frederick. 

Furnace, p-o., Vermillion t., Erie co., O., 117 
N. Columbus, 391 W. 

Furnace Village, p-v., Salisbury t., Litch- 
field CO., Ct., 51 w. N. w. Plartford, 335 W. Here 
is a large pond, the outlet of which affords water 
power, and on which is a large furnace. The 
ore which supplies it is obtained from a rich ore 
bed in the w. part of the t., on the border of the 
state of New York. 



G. 



Gaddysville, p-o., Robeson co., N C 122 s 
s. w. Raleigh, 4(X) W. ' •) • 

Gadsden, county, Flor. Situated in the cen- 
tral part of the ter., and extends from Georgia 
to the Gulf of Moxic(j. Dog Island, on the coast, 
belongs to it. Ocklockony r. runs on its e border 
and the Appalachicola r. on the w. The land 
on the Appalachicola and some other streams is 
good, some is pine barren, and some of it, partic- 



ularly in the s., is low and marshy. Capital, 
Quincy. There were in 1840, neat cattle 8,497, 
sheep 1,878, swine 12,943 ; Indian corn 183,400 
bush, produced, oats 3,314, potatoes 57.36S, rice 
113,900 pounds, tobacco 66,324, cotton 1,833,549, 
sugar 114,100 ; 1 tannery, 14 grist m., 9 saw m., 
jrinting office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. m 
inufac .' $86,700. 8 acad. 336 students, 1 school. 

in -1992 



sug 

Ip 

manufac 
Pop. 5,992. 



GAL 



229 



GAL 



Gainer's Store, p-o., Pike co., Ala., 179 s. e. 
Tuscaloosa, 875 W. 

(Junes, p-t., Orleans co., N. Y., 252 w. N. w. 
Albany, 3'.15 W. The surface is generally le%"el ; 
soil, a fertile clay loam. Drained by branches 
of Oak Orchard cr. The v. is situated on the 
llidge road. Incorporated in 1832. It has 2 
churches — 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist — an 
academy, 4 stores, 1 tannery, 80 dwellings, and 
about 600 inhabitants. There are in the t., 6 
stores, cap. $19,6,50 ; 2 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 grist 
m. 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $37,550. lacad. 
156 students, 14 sch. 749 scholars. Pop. 2,268. 

Gaines, t., Tioga co.. Pa. It has 3 saw m., 1 
sch. 19 scholars. Pop. 215. 

Gaineshorough, p-v., Frederick co., Va., 154 
N. N. w. Richmond, 82 W. It contains 2 church- 
es — 1 Methodist and 1 Friends — 2 tanneries, and 
various mechanic shops, 30 dwellings, and about 
150 inhabitants. In the vicinity is 1 woollen fac. 
and 2 flouring m. 

Gaines BOROUGH, p-v., capital of .lackson co., 
Tenn., 73 e. n. e. Nashville, 631 W. Situated 
on the s. side of Cumberland r. It has a court 
house and several stores and dwellings. 

Gaines (^ross Roads, p-v., Rappahannock co., 
Va., 118 N. N. w. Richmttnd, 70 W. It contains 
1 Baptist church, 1 store, and 10 dwellings. 

Gainesville, p-t., Wyoming co., N. Y., 252 
w. Albany, 357 W. The surface is rolling or 
hilly ; the soil, fertile, and well adapted to grass. 
Drained by Allen's or., and another tributary of 
Genesee r. The v. contains 1 church, 3 stores, 
1 grist m., 1 saw m., and 25 or 30 dwellings. 
There are in the t., 2 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 grist 
m., Ssawm. Cap. in manufac. $15,500. 19 sch. 
79S scholars. Pop. 2,367. 

Gainesville, p-v., capital of Hall co., Ga., 
118 N. N. w. Milledgeville, 621 W. Situated 3 
ms. E. of the Chattahoochee r. Il has a court 
house, jail, 3 churches — 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, 
and 1 Presbyterian — 10 stores, and 300 inhabit- 
ants. 

Gaine.sville, p-v., Sumter co., Ala., 54 s. w. 
Tuscaloosa, 872 W., 327 by r. from Mobile. Sit- 
uated on the w. side of the Tombigby r., and 
contains 18 stores, and about 1,200 inhabitants. 

Galen, t., Wayne co., N. Y., 5 e. Lyons, 172 
w. by N. Albany. The surface is hilly; soil, a 
fertile sandy and gravelly loam. Drained by 
Clyde r. The Erie canal passes through it. It 
has 20 stores, cap. $89,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tanne- 
ry, 2 glass fac, 3 flouring m., 1 grist m., 3 saw m. 
< 'ap. in manufac. $53,500. 1 acad. 223 students, 
13 sch. 911 scholars. Pop. 4,234. 

Galena, p-v., Berkshire t., Delaware co., O., 
21 N. Columbus, 399 W. It was formerly called 
Zoar. 

Galena, city, p-v., and capital of Jo-Daviess 
CO., 111., 230 N. w. Springfield, 882 W. It is pleas- 
antly situated on Ftve, or Bean r., and is the me- 
tropolis of the great lead region. It is 6 miles 
above the mouth of the r., which is navigable to 
this place, at all stages of the water, for the larg- 
est steamboats. It has an intercourse by steam- 
boats with St. Louis, New Orleans, Louisville, 
Cincinnati, and other places on the Mississippi 
and Ohio rivers. It contains 5 churches — 1 Bap- 
tist, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Methodist, and 
1 Roman Catholic — 35 stores, 1 academy, 1 flour- 
ing m., 1 saw m., various mechanic establishments, 
300 dwellings, and about 1,500 inhabitants. First 
settled in 1826. In this region there were pro- 
duced in 1841, 22,000,000 pounds of lead, most of 
which linds a market in this place. The manu- 
facture of copper is also becoming important, and 
3 furnaces are engaged in smelting it. 



Galena, t., Franklin co. Mo. It has 2 acad. 
50 students, 1 sch. 18 scholars. Pop. 803. 

Gales, po., Thompson t., Sullivan co., N. Y., 
103 s. w. Albany, 286 W. 

Galesburg, pv., Knox co.. 111., 105 n. n. w. 
Springfield, 834 W. 

Galesburg, p-v., Kalamazoo co., Mich., 137 
w. Detroit, 596 W. 

Gales Ferry, po., Ledyard t.. New London 
CO., Ct., 7 N. New London, 47 s. e. Hartford, 360 
W. It contains about 30 dwellings. 

Galesvillk, p o., Greenwich t., Washington 
CO., N. Y., 39 N. N. E. Albany, 409 W. 

Galion, p-v., Sandusky t., Richland co., O., 
68 N. N. E. Columbus, 394 W. It contains 3 stores, 
30 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. 

Gallagher's Mills, p-o., Franklin co.. Mo., 
100 E. Jefferson city, 879 W. 

Gallant Green, p-o., Charles county, Md., 
74 s. w. Annapolis, 49 W. 

Gallatia, Gallatin co.. 111., 177 s. s. e. Spring- 
field, 794 W. 

Gallatin, county, Ky. Situated in the n. 
part of the state, on the Ohio r., and contains 175 
sq. ms. Eagle r., a branch of Kentucky r., runs 
on its s. border, and the Kentucky river runs 
through its centre. Surface, undulating; soil, 
fertile. Capital, Warsaw. There were m 1840, 
neat cattle 2,676, sheep 4,185, swine 6,540; 
wheat 27,669 bushels produced, rye 2,940, Indian 
corn 144,400, oats 13,63.5, potatoes 5,259, tobacco 
198,780 pounds ; 9 stores, cap. $32,000 ; 1 tan- 
nery, 2 distilleries, 1 flouring m., 9 grist m., 4 saw 
m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, ("ap. 
in manufac. $39,280. 6 sch. 176 scholars. Pop. 
whites 3,361, slaves 604, free col'd 3:^ ; total, 
4,003. 

Gallatin, county. 111. Situated in the s. e. 
part of the state, and contains 760 sq. ms. Or- 
ganized in 1812. The Wabash and Ohio rivers 
run on its e. border. The soil is generally 
sandy, resting on slate. Salt springs exist. Cap- 
ital, Equality. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
11,254, sheep 5,349, swine 29,106; wheat 37,588 
bushels produced, Ind. corn 504,225, oats 55,958, 
potatoes 7,661, tobacco 63,190 pounds, cotton 
2,253, salt 17,000 bushels; 39 stores, capital 
$259,300 ; 1 tannery, 1 flouring m., 5 grist m., 6 
saw m., 2 oil m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly 
newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $47,200. 22 sch 
556 scholars. Pop. 10,760. 

Gallatin, p-v., Allen co., O., 113 n. w. Co- 
hunbus, 484 W. 

(iALLATiN, p-v., capital of Sumner co., Tenn., 
26 N. E. Nashville, 667 W. Situated 3 miles n. 
of the Cumberland r. It has a court house, jail, 
3 churches, 2 female and 3 male academies, a 
large female seminary with 120 students ; 12 
stores, and 999 inhabitants. 

Gallatin, p-v., Parke co., la., 78 w. Indian- 
apolis, 650 W. 

Gallatin, p-v., capital of Copiah co., Miss., 
37 s. by w. Jackson, 1,047 W. Situated on the 
E. side of Bayou Pierre r., in the heart of a fine 
cotton-growing country. It has a court house 
and several neat dwellings. 

Gallatin, p-t., capital of Davies co.. Mo., 
189 N. w. Jefferson city, 1,092 W. The v. is 
situated 1 m. s. of the west fork of Grand r. It 
has a brick court house, and 150 inhabitants. 
There are in the t., 4 sch. 73 scholars. Pup. 
1,467. 

Gallatin, t, Columbia co., N. Y., 15 s. e. 
Hudson, 44 s. by e. Albany. Tlie surface is 
hilly, and the soil various. It has Charlotte Lake 
in its N. part, from which flows Dove cr. Roe- 
]iff Jansen's cr. drains its s. part. It has 3 



GAM 



230 



GAR 



stores, cap. #9,000; 2 fulling m., 2 flouring m., 2 
grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufuc. $3,400. 6 
sch. 451 scholars. Pop. 1,644. 

Gallatinville, p-o., Gallatin t., Columbia 
county, IN- Y., 48 s. Albany, 332 W. 

Gallatins, r., one of the s. w. sources of the 
Missouri r. Flowing northwardly, it unites with 
Madison and JefTerson rivers to form the Mis- 
souri river. 

Gallia, county, O. Situated in the s. e. part 
of the state, on Ohio r., and contains about 500 
sq. ras. The surface is generally hilly and 
broken, and the soil poor, excepting on the Ohio 
river, where it is fertile. Drained by Racoon 
cr., and some smaller tributaries of the Oluo. 
Its earlier settlers were from France, whence it 
derived its name. First settled in 1790. Capital, 
Gallipolis. There were in 1810, neat cattle 
11,886, sheep 20,528, swine 17,884; wheat 
124,028 bushels produced, Indian corn 327,967, 
oats 1 15,431, potatoes 28,343, sugar 49,925 pounds ; 
43 stores, cap. $49,134; 1 forge, 1 fulling m., 11 
tanneries, 3 distilleries, 1 flouring m., 17 grist m., 
24 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. 
Cap. in manufao. $59,250. 75 scholars in schools. 
Pop. 13,444, 

Gallipolis, p-t., capital of Gallia co., O., 100 
s. E. Columbus, 358 W. It is pleasantly situ- 
ated on the w. bank of Ohio r. It has 2 church- 
es, a jail, an academy, 15 stores, 3 steam m., a 
printing office, and 80 dwellings, many of them 
nandsome brick edifices. Near the academy is 
a serai-globular mound, 18 or 20 rods in circum- 
ference, at its base, a monument of early times. 
The v. was organized in 1810. There are in the 
t, 18 stores, cap. .$24,704; 2 tanneries, 1 printing of- 
fice, 1 weekly newspaper, 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 
1 sawm. Cap. in manufac. $37,730. Pop. 1,413. 

Galley Rock, t.. Pope co., Ark. It has 1 
sch. 14 scholars. Pop. 219. 

Galloway, t., Atlantic co., N. J. Drained by 
Nacote cr. The surface is even ; soil, sandy 
salt marsh on the s. It has 7 stores, cap. $9,700 ; 
1 glass fac, 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $47,500. 8 sch. 616 scholars. Pop. 2,208. 

Gallupsvillk, p-o., Schoharie t., Schoharie 
CO., N. Y., 27 w. Albany, 388 W. 

Gallum, p-o.. Perry co.. 111., 166 s. Spring- 
field, 848 wf 

Galway, p-t., Saratoga co., N, Y., 36 n. n. w. 
Albany, 404 W. The surface is undulating and 
hilly ; .soil, clay loam, and well cultivated. 
Drained by a branch of Kayaderosseras and by 
Chucteuunda creeks. It has 6 stores, capital 
$23,900 ; 4 fulling m., 4 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 
2 grist m., 1 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $21,375. 1 
acad. 37 students, 13 sch. 428 scholars. Pop. 2,412. 

Galvkzton, v., Ascension parish. La. It 
is on the s. side of the Iberville r., opposite the 
junction of Amite r. 

Gambier, p-v.. Pleasant t., Knox co., O., 56 n. 
K. Columbus, 371 W. It was laid out in 1826, 
m the centre of a tract of 4,000 acres, belonging 
to Kenyon College. Tliis institution was found- 
ed m 1826, by funds obtained in England. It is 
under the direction of the Episcopalians, has a 
president and 1 1 professors, or other instructors, 
bl alumni 8 of whom have been ministers of the 
the gospel, 55 students, besides those in the pre- 
paratory department, and 8,720 vols, in its li- 
braries. The commencement is on the 1st Wed- 
nesday m September. The v. was named after 
Lord Gambler, and is beautifully situated on a 
high and level ridge of land, encompassed on 
3 sides by Vernon r. It contains 4 stores a 
prmlmg oflice, 1 acad. 25 students, 50 dvvelline.s 
end 292 inhabitants. The buildings of Kenyon 



College are 4 in number, the principal of which 
is an elegant Gothic edifice of hewn stone, 190 
feet long, and 4 stories high. 

Gamble's, p-o., Alleghany co.. Pa., 156 w. Har- 
risburg, 212 W. 

Ganges, p-o., Richland co., O., 75 n. n. e. Co- 
lumbus, 390 W. 

Gansevoort, p-o., Northumberland t., Sara- 
toga CO., N. Y., 49 N. Albany, 419 W. 

Gap, p-o., Sadsbury t , Lancaster co.. Pa., 54 s. 
E. Harrisburg, 114 W. Situated at the e. foot of 
the Mine Ridge. 

Gap Creek, p-o., Knox co., Tenn., 195 e. 
Nashville, 510 W. 

Gap Grove, p-o., Jo-Daviess co.. 111., 167 n. 
Springfield, 830 W. 

Gap Mills, p-o., Monroe co., Va. 

Gardiner, p-t., Kennebec co.. Me., 6 s. Au- 
gusta, 594 W. Situated on the w. side of Ken- 
nebec r. Cobbeseconte r. here enters the Ken- 
nebec, and for more than a mile has a continued 
succession of falls, affording an extensive water 
power. The v. contains an Episcopal and a Meth- 
odist church, a bank, and a lyceum. There are 
in the t., 34 stores, cap. $63,450 ; 1 fulling m., 1 
woollen fac, 2 paper fac, 1 printing office, 1 peri- 
odical, 1 weekly newspaper, 6 tanneries, 1 pot- 
tery, 5 grist m., 16 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$87,050. 1 acad. 70 students, 21 sch. 2,086 schol- 
ars. Pop. 5,042. 

Gardner, p-t., Worcester co., Mass., 5S n. n. 
w. Boston, 418 W. The surface is uneven, and 
the soil good for grazing. Watered by a branch 
of Miller's r., which affords water power. In- 
corporated in 1785. It has 2 stores, cap. $10,000 ; 
1 tannery, 1 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$108,633. 6 sch. 317 scholars. Pop. 1,260. 

Gardiner's Bay, N. Y., is a considerable ex- 
panse of water, at the E. end of Long Island, 
somewhat in a circular form, 8 miles in diameter, 
between Gardiner's Island and the main land. 

Gardiner's Island, N. Y., Ues oflT the e. end 
of Long Island, and is 4 miles long and 2 wide. 
Settled by a man of the same name, from Scot- 
land, in 1639, whose descendants still occupy it. 
It is highly cultivated. 

Gardiner's Lake, p-o.. New London co., Ct., 
34 s. E.Hartford, 347 W. 

Gardner, p-o., Morgan co., O., 92 e. Colum- 
bus, 314 W. 

Gardner's Bridge, p-o., Martin co., N. C, 
151 E. Raleigh, 275 W. 

Gardner's Ford, p-o., Cleveland co., N. C, 
192 w. s. w. Raleigh, 429 W. 

Gardnersville, p-o., Seward t., Schoharie 
CO., N. Y., 47 w. Albany, 392 W. 

Gardnersville, p-o., Weakley CO., Tenn., 134 
w. Nashville, 820 W. 

Garland, p-t., Penobscot co., Me., 98 n. n. e. 
Augusta, 693 W. The soil is fertile, and adapted 
to grain. Watered by head branches of Kandus- 
keag stream. Incorporated in 1811. It has I 
store, cap. $500 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 4 saw m., 
7 schools, 350 scholars. Pop. 1,065. 

Garland's, p-o., Albemarle co., Va., 85 n. n. 
w. Richmond, 135 W. 

Garlandsville, p-o., Jasper co.. Miss., 94 E. 
s. e. Jackson, 972 W. 

Garnettsville, p-v., Mead co., Ky., 83 w. 
Frankfort, 623 W. 

Garoga, p-o., Ephratah t., Fulton co., N. Y., 
54 w. N. w. Albany, 400 W. 

Garrard, county, Ky. Situated a little E. of 
the central part of the state, and contains 240 sq. 
ms. Kentucky r. runs on its n. border, Dicks r. 
runs on its s. w., and Paint Lick cr. on its n. e 
border. The soil is highly productive. Capital, 



GAT 



231 



GEN 



Lancaster. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
9,120, sheep 17,532, swine 35,712 ; wheat 57,941 
bush, produced, rye 3S,184, Ind. eorn 576,495, 
oats 140,130, potatoes, 16,554, tobacco 472,480 
pounds, sugar 35,888 ; 22 stores, cap. $108,700 ; 
6 tanneries, 22 distilleries, 7 flouring m., 34 grist 
m., 11 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $78,863. 4 
acad. 150 students, 15 sch. 390 scholars. Pop. 
■whites 7,110, slaves, 3,283, free col'd 87; total, 
10,480. 

Garrattsville, p-o., New Lisbon t., Otsego 
CO., N. Y., 86 w. Albany, 349 W. 

Garrettsburg, p-v., Christian co., Ky., 224 
s. w. Frankfort, 748 W. 

Garrett's Factory, p-c, Giles co., Tenn., 
67 s. Nashville, 717 W. 

Garrettsville, p-v., Nelson t.. Portage co., 
O., 86 N. e. Columbus, 349 W. 

Gary.sburgh, p-v., Northampton co., N. C, 98 
N. E. Raleigh, 201 W. Situated at the junction 
of the Portsmouth and Roanoke railroad with the 
Petersburg!! and Roanoke railroad. 

Garysville, p-o., Prince George co., Va., 38 
s. E. Richmond, 157 W. 

Gasconade, r., Mo., rises in Pulaski co., and 
after a course of 140 ms., affording extensive 
water power, enters the 3Iissouri on the s. side, 
in Gasconade co., 100 ms. from its mouth. 

Gasconade, county, Mo. Situated in the cen- 
tral part of tlie state, and contains 400 sq. ms. 
The surface is uneven and broken ; but on the 
level land the soil is good, and on the rivers very 
fertile. Iron ore and sulphur are found in abun- 
dance, and saltpetre in caves. Limestone, and 
a good substitute for burr, used in millstones, are 
found. Drained by branches of Gasconade r. 
and Bourbeuse cr. Capital, Hermon. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 4,.59Q, .sheep 3,470, 
swine 10,971 ; wheat 7,149 bush, produced, Ind. 
com 136,880, oats 10,818, potatoes 6,973, tobacco 
24,628 pounds; 18 stores, cap. $25,510. Pop. 
whites 4,987, slaves 342, free col'd 1 ; total, 
5,330. 

Gasconade, p-v., Gasconade co., Mo., 36 s. by 
E. Jefferson city, 900 W. Situated on the e. 
side of Gasconade r. 

Gasparilla Sound, Flor., extends from Clini 
inlet on the w. coast of the peninsula, 6 miles to 
Charlotte bay, and is about 2 ms. wide. Clini 
inlet into this sound has 4 feet of water, and 
Gasparilla inlet has 6 feet of water on the bar. 

Gaston, p-v., Northampton co., N. C, 87 n. e. 
Raleigh, 201 W. Situated on the N. side of 
Roanoke r., at the termination of the Raleigh and 
Gaston railroad. 

Gaston, p-o., Sumter co., Ala., 89 s. w. Tus- 
caloosa, 907 W. 

Gasper, t., Preble co., O. Pop. 836. 

Gates, county, N. C. Situated in the n. e. 
part of the state, bordering on the stale of Va., 
and contains 353 sq. ms. Chowan r. runs on its 
s. w. border, and Blackvvater r. on its w. Capi- 
tal, Gatesville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
4,691, sheep 3,102, swine 15,358; wheat 2,951 
bush, produced, rye 1,270, Ind. ccM-n 192,815, oats 
10,329, potatoes 91,552, cotton 86,591 pounds ; 10 
stores, cap. $49,200 ; 89 distilleries, 4 grist m., 1 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,200. 1 acad. 48 
students, 5 sch. 125 scholars. Pop. wliites 4,137, 
slaves 3,642, free col'd 3:^2 ; total, 8,161. 

Gates, ]>t., Monroe co., N. Y., 3 w. Rochester, 
225 w. N. w. Albany, 372 W. Tlie surface is 
undulating ; soil, sandy, gravelly, and clay loam. 
It has 1 store, cap. $1,000 ; 1 tannery, 9 sch. 426 
scholars. Pop. 1,728. 

Gates' Mills, p-v., Mayfield t., Cuyahoga co., 
O., 159 N. N. E. Coluntbus, 347 W. Situated on 



Chagrin r. Organized in 1835. It has 1 fulling 
m., 1 carding machine. Pop. about 100. 

Gatesville, p-v., capital of Gales co., N. C, 
214 E. N. E. Raleigh, 253 W. Situated at the 
forks of Bennett's cr., a small branch of Chowan 
r. It contains a court house, and several stores 
and dwellings. 

Gauley Bridge, p-v., Fayette co., Va., 277 
w. Richmond, 314 W. Situated at the falls of 
the Great Kanawha r. The r. is here 500 yards 
wide, and has a perpendicular fall of 22 feet. The 
Kanawha is navigable to this point. It lias 2 
stores, 1 flouring m., and 2 saw m. The scenery 
around is exceedingly wild and picturesque. 

Gauley, r., Va., rises on the w. side of the 
Alleghany mountains, and flowing a little s. of 
w., falls into Great Kanawha r. on the n. side, a 
little above the great falls. 

Gavhead, p-o., Greene co., N. Y., 39 s. w. 
Albany, 351 W. 

Gaylesville, p-v., Cherokee eo., Ala., 158 n. 
E. Tuscaloosa, 672 W. Situated on the w. side 
of the Coosa r. 

Gaylord's Bridge, p-o., Litchfield co^ Ct., 
58 w. Hartford, 315 W. 

Gaysville, p-v., Windsor co., Vt., 39 s. by e. 
Montpelier, 478 W. 

Geauga, county, O. Situated in the n. e. 
part of the state, and contains 600 sq. ms. The 
soil is fertile, and heavily timbered. Watered by 
the head branelies of Cuyahoga and Cliagrin 
rivers. Iron ore is abundant. Capital, Chardon. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 20,004, sheep 
31,949, swine 12,467; wheat 92,511 bush, pro- 
duced, rye 1,297, Ind. corn 120,319, buckwheat 
3,593, barley 2,553, oats 81,993, potatoes 120,223, 
sugar 351,710 pounds, 25 stores, cap. $31,875 ; 3 
fulling m^ 7 tanneries, 21 grist m., 54 saw m., 1 
printing office. Cap. in manufac. $27,144. 2 
acad. 89 students, 115 sch. 4,796 scholars. Pop 
16,297. 

Gebhart's, p-o., Somerset co., Pa., 148 w. 
Harrisburg, 174 W. 

Geddes, p-v., Salina t., Onondaga co., N. Y., 
133 w. N. w. Albany. 

Geiger's Mills, p-o., Berks co., Pa., 62 e. 
Harrisburg, 140 W. 

Geneganstlet, i>o., Greene t., Chenango co., 
N. Y., 122 w. Albany, 316 W. 

Genesee, r, N. Y., rises in Potter co.. Pa., and 
passing into the state of New York, pursues a 
northwardly course to Lake Ontario. Its whole 
course is about 145 ms., 125 of which are in the 
state of New York. At Rochester, within the 
distance of 3 miles, it descends by several falls 
and rapids 226 feet, affording an immense water 
power. It is navigable for steamboats 4 ms. to 
Carthage, and above the falls at Rochester, it is 
boatable for about 20 ms. The Genesee Valley 
canal passes along and near this river, and is fed 
by it for a great distance. In the town of Por- 
tage, Alleghany co,, are three falls, one of 60, one 
of 90, and one of 1 10 feet, within the space of 2 
miles. Along the r. for 3 miles are perpendicu- 
lar walls of stone 400 feet high, to which depth 
the r. has worn a channel in The solid rock. 

Genesee, county, N. Y. Situated toward the 
w. part of the state, and contains 473 sq. ms. 
The surface is gently undulating, and the .'^oil is 
chiefly sandy or gravelly loam, very fertile, 
adapted alike to grass and to gniin. Drained by 
Allen's, Black, and Tonawanda creeks. Iron ^ 
ore, water limestone, and salt springs are found. " 
Capital, Batavia. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
55,498,sheep 154,393, swine 48,792: wheat 91 1.596 
bush, produced, rye 4,869, Ind. corn 232,576, 
buckwheat 19,427, barley 85,832, oats 692,11^, 



GEN 



232 



GEO 



potatoes 608,288, sugar 530,033 pounds; 2 com. 
houses, cap. $12,000; 136 stores, cap. ,$555,650; 
6 furnaces, 36 fulling m., 8 woollen fac, 34 tan- 
neries, 3 distilleries, 1 brewery, 12 flouring m., 
46 grist m., 136 saw m., 2 oil m., 6 printing offi- 
ces, 7 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. 
$607,538. 13 acad. 1,262 students, 380 sch. 
14,911 scholars. Pop. 59,587. 

Genesee, county, Mich., central in the n. e. 
partof the settled portion of the state, and contains 
504 sq. ms. The surface is rolling, and the soil 
a fertile sandy loam. Watered by Flint and 
Sliiawassee rivers, the former of which affords 
good water power. Capital, Flint. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 3,468, sheep 1,007, swine 
6,540; wheat 37,397 bu.sh. produced, Ind. corn 
17,675, oats 26,766, potatoes 41,442, sugar 37,306 
pounds ; 20 stores, cap. $63,000 ; 1 distillery, 3 
flouring m., 10 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly 
newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $38,300. 23 sch. 
479 scholars. Pop. 4,268. 

Genesee, t., Alleghany co., N. Y., 20 s. w. 
Angelica, 280 w. by n. Albany. The surface is 
elevated and broken, and the soil sandy loam. 
Watered by Little Genesee and Swan creeks. It 
has 2 stores, cap. .$4,000 ; 12 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $14,925. 3 sch. 93 scholars. Pop. 578. 

Genesee, t.. Potter co., Pa. It has 1 gnst m., 

1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,500. 2 sch. 39 
scholars. Pop. 127. 

Genesee, p-t., Genesee co., Mich., 65 n. w. 
Detroit, 589 W. Flint r. passes centrally through 
it. It contains a United States land office. Pop. 
425. 

Genesee, t., Milwaukee co.. Wis. It has 1 
grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,000. 
Pop. 238. 

Genesee Fort, p-c. Potter co.. Pa., 171 n. n. 
W . Harrisburg, 287 W. 

Gene.see Grove, p-o., Whitesides co.. 111. 

Genesee Valley, p-o., Amity t., Alleghany 
CO., N. Y., 272 Albany, 326 W. 

Geneseo, p-t., capital of Livingston co., N. Y., 
230 w. Albany, 347 W. The surface consists of 
elevated terraces and valleys ; the soil is fertile, 
particularly on the Genesee r. Watered by 
sniall tributaries of the Gene.see r. The v. is 
situated on elevated table land, half a mile e. of 
Genesee r. Incorporated in 1832. It contains a 
court house, jail, fire-proof county clerk's office, 
3 churches— 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, and 1 
Methodist— a bank, the Livingston county high 
school, whicli has a large 3 story brick building, 
10 stores, 120 dwellings, and about 900 inhabit- 
ants. There are in the 1. 18 stores, cap. $109,850 ; 

2 furnaces, 1 tannery, 2 printing offices, 2 week- 
ly newspapers, 1 flouring ra., 1 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $38,230. 1 acad. 100 students, 15 sch. 
764 scholars. Pop. 2,892. 

Geneseo, p-v., capital of Henry co., 111., 146 
N. N. w. Springfield, 875 W. 

Geneva, p-v., Seneca t., Ontario co., N. Y. 
Beautifully situated near the northern extremity 
of Seneca Lake, on its w. side. In the n. part 
of the v., the land rises gradually from the land- 
mg place on the lake shore, until it attains a com- 
manding elevation ; and along this part are the 
principal business situations ; toward the s. part 
ot the V. a street runs along the high bank of the 
lake, from which is a delightful view of it and the 
surrounding country. Incorporated in 1812 It 
• ZTVn ? ?'Tr'^'-} ^e^^byterian, 1 Episco- 
?f,'. ?T^^ ^*^«;r'n«M Associate Reformed, 1 
Baptist, 1 Methodist, 1 African Baptist, 1 Univer- 
sahst, ami 1 Roman ratholic-2 banks, 50 stores, 
Z printing offices, 1 steam flouring m., 1 saw m 
2 furnaces, 2 breweries, 500 dwellings, and about 



3,600 inhabitants. Geneva College, incorpcrated 
in 1825, has a president, 5 acad. prof., a tutor, and 
70 students. Besides the college library, there 
are 2 society libraries of about 2,500 vols, each, a 
cabinet of minerals, philosophical and ample 
chemical apparatus. Geneva Med. College was 
established in 1834, and in 1841 liberally endowed 
with funds by the state for the erection of build- 
ings, &c. It has a dean, register, 6 professors, and 
175 students. 

Geneva, p-t., Ashtabula co., O., 195 n. e. Co- 
lumbus, 350 W. Situated on the s. shore of Lake 
Erie, and has 3 stores, 1 tannery, 1 flouring m., 2 
grist m., 2 saw m. Pop. 1,215. 

Geneva, p-v., Morgan co., 111., 41 w. s. w. 
Springfield, 821 W. 

Geneva, p-v.. Dale co., Ala. 

Geneva, p-t., Walworth co., Wis., 75 s. E. 
Madison, 790 W. Pop. 595. 

Genito, p-v., Powhatan co., Va., 28 w. Rich- 
mond, 145 W. It has 1 store and 6 dwellings. 

Genoa, p-t., Cayuga co., N. Y., 161 w. Al- 
bany, 319 W. Situated on Big Salmon creek. 
The v. has 2 churches — 1 Presbyterian and 1 
Universalist — 3 stores, 1 iron foundry, 2 grist m., 
30 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. There 
are in the t., 7 stores, cap. $61,500; 1 fulling m., 
2 tanneries, 4 grist m., 7 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in 
manufac. $70,690. 21 sch. 1,039 scholars. Pop. 
2,593. 

Genoa, p-t., Delaware co., O., 23 n. Columbus, 
401 W. Situated in the s. part of the co. It lias 
8 schools, 165 scholars. Pop. 1,193. 

Genoa, p-t., Livingston co., Mich., 48 w. n. w. 
Detroit, 549 W. It has 1 flouring m., 2 grist m., 
2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,000. 7 sch. 165 
scholars. Pop. 504. 

Genoa, p-v., De Kalb co.. 111., 217 n. n. e. 
Springfield, 788 W. 

Gentry, county, Mo., situated in the n. w. 
part of the state, and contains 500 sq. ms. Wa- 
tered by the w. fork of Grand r. (Unorganized.) 

Gentsville, p-o., Abbeville dist., S. C, 106 
w. Columbia, 534 W. 

George's, t,, Fayette co.. Pa. It has 6 stores, 
cap. $18,900; 1 furnace, 2 forges, 1 tannery, I 
pottery, 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,155. 5 
sch. 60 scholars. Pop. 2,371. 

George, t., Ottawa co., Mich. It has 1 tan- 
nery, 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $18,000. 

George's Creek, p-o., Lawrence co., Ky., 
170 E. Frankfort, 448 W. 

George, lake, or Horicon, N. Y., separates 
Warren from Washington counties, lying partly 
in both, and has its outlet into Lake Champlain. 
It is 230 feet above the Hudson r., and is 36 ms. 
long, and from 2 to 3 wide, and is said to have as 
many islands as there are days in the year. In 
picturesque scenery, it is unsurpassed in the 
United States, perhaps in the world. On ac- 
count of the purity of its waters, the French 
called it Lac Sacrament, the bottom being vLsible 
to the depth of 30 or 40 feet. Its shores contain 
the remains of several old forts, memorable in the 
French and revolutionary wars. A steamboat 
plies regularly on the lake. Its outlet affords 
good water power. 

Georgesville, p-v., Pleasant t., Franklin co., 
O., 13 s. w. Columbus, 406 W. Organized in 
1816. Situated on Little Darby cr., and in Iho 
immediate vicinity, just above its mouth, are 1 
grist m. and 1 saw m. 

Georgetown, district, S. C. Situated in the 
E. part of the state, and contains 1,040 sq. miles. 
Santee r. runs on its s. border. Watered by 
Great Pedee and Waccamaw rivers, which enter 
Winyaw bay. The surface is level, and to some 



GEO 



233 



GEO 



extent marshy, but the soil is very productive. 
Capitd, Georgetown. There were in 1810, neat 
cattle 11,2()0, sheep 3,500, swine 7,810; Indian 
corn 101,975 bushels produced, oats 13,180, po- 
tatoes 300,000, salt 850, rice 36,360,000 pounds, 
cotton 14,17-1 ; 3 commission houses in for. trade, 
cap. S10,300 ; 31 stores, cap. $174,775 ; 6 grist m., 
2 saw m., 1 printing ofHce, 1 weekly newspaper. 
Cap. in manufac. $6,200. 4 acad. 165 students, 
6 sch. 73 scholars. Pop. whites 2,093, slaves 
15,993, free col'd 183 ; total, 18,274. 

Georgetown, p-t., Lincoln co.. Me., 50 s. 
Augusta, 590 W. It consists of two considerable 
islands, at the mouth of the Kennebec r., which 
runs on the w., and Sheepscot river on the e., 
with the Atlantic on the s. Incorporated in 1716. 
It has excellent harbors, and is considerably en- 
gaged in navigation and the fisheries. An un- 
successful attempt was made to form a settle- 
ment in this place, by the Plymouth co., in 
1607, but it was abandoned the next year. It 
has 5 stores, cap. $10,600 ; 1 grist m., 10 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $38,250. 12 sch. 572 scholars. 
Pop. 1,356. 

Georgetown, p-v., Essex co., Mass., 31 n. 
by E. Boston, 464 W. Organized from Rowley, 
in 1838. Watered by a branch of Parker's river. 
It has 8 stores, cap. $21,500 ; 9 tanneries, 1 grist 
m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufec. $107,500. Pop. 
1,540. 

Georgetown, p-t., Madison co., N. Y., 112 
w. by N. Albany, 348 W. The surface is hilly ; 
soil, clay loam, well adapted to grass. Drained 
by head branches of Ostelic r. The v. contains 
2 churches — 1 Presbyterian and 1 Baptist — 1 
store, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., and 1 tannery, 50 
dwellings, and about 300 inhabitants. There are 
in the t., 1 store, cap. $3,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tan- 
nery, 1 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$7,550. 10 sch. 406 scholars. Pop. 1,130. 

Georgetown, p-v.. Green t., Beaver co.. Pa., 
241 w. by N. Harrisburg, 267 W. Situated on 
the N. side of MUI cr., on the s. side of Ohio r. 

Georgetown, p-v., capital of Sussex co., Del., 
41 E. of s. Dover, 135 W. Situated between the 
sources of Nanticoke and Indian rivers. It con- 
tains a court house, an academy, and a bank, and 
about 300 inhabitants. 

Georgetown, city and port of entry, Wash- 
ington CO., District of Columbia, on the N. E. 
bank of the Potomac r., 200 miles from its mouth, 
and 2 miles w. of Washington city, from which it 
is separated by Rock creek, over which are 2 
bridges. The situation is pleasant, commanding 
a fine view of the Potomac r., the city of Wash- 
ington, and of the adjacent country ; and it con- 
tains many elegant buildings and country seats. 
It has 4 banks, a market house, 7 churches — 2 
Episcopal, 2 Methodist, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Roman 
Catholic, and 1 col'd Methodist — and a Roman 
Catholic college, with 2 spacious brick edifices, 
finely situated, founded in 1789, which has a pre- 
sident and 16 professors, or other instructors, 90 
alumni, 135 students, and 22,000 vols, in its li- 
braries. The commencement is near the last of 
July. It was authorized by congress, in 1815, 



to confer degrees. There is also a nunnery, 
called the Convent of Visitation, founded in 1798, 
which contains from 50 to 70 nuns, attached to 
which is a large female academy, which general- 
ly contains 100 young ladies, instructed by the 
nuns. The Chesapeake and Ohio canal com- 
mences at this place, whicli is designed to be ex- 
tended to the Ohio r., and which has been re- 
cently continued to Alexandria. There were in 
1840, 7 commercial and 2 commission houses, 
cap. .$310,000; 23 retail stores, cap. .$247,400; 
2 lumber yards, cap. $20,000 ; 2 tanneries, 1 
printing office, 1 semi-weekly newspaper, 1 flour- 
ing m., producing 10,500 barrels annually, 1 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $154,700. 6 acad. 4S4 stu- 
dents, 9 sch. 435 scholars. Pop. 7,312. Tonnage 
of the port 9,964. 

Georgetown, p-v., port of entry and capital of 
Georgetown district, S. C, 152 e. s. e. Columbia, 
488 W. Situated on the w. side Winyaw bay, 
at the entrance of Sampit cr. It contains a court 
house, jail, bank, an academy, 4 churches — 1 
Episcopal, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, and 1 Meth- 
odst — 35 stores, and about 2,500 mhabitants. 
The harbor admits vessels requiring 11 feet of 
water, and the trade of an extensive back coun- 
try is opened to it by the rivers which flow into 
into Winyaw bay. Tonnage 1840, 4,415. 

Georgetown, p-v., Randolph co., Ga. Situ- 
ated on the e. bank of Chattahoochee r. 

Georgetown, p-v., Copiah co.. Miss., 57 s. 
Jackson, 1,037 W. Situated on the w. side of 
Pearl r. 

Georgetown, p-v., capital of Scott co., Ky., 
17 E. Frankfort, 525 W. Situated on the n. 
branch of Elkiiorn r., a tributary of Kentucky 
r. It contains a court house, jail, a bank, a print- 
ing office, 2 churches — 1 Baptist and 1 Methodist 
— 1 acad. 40 students. Pop. 1,511. George- 
town college, under the direction of the Baptists, 
is located here, was founded in 1829, has a pre- 
sident and 3 professors, or other instructors, 12 
alumni, 114 students, and 1,200 vols, in its li- 
braries. The commencement is on the last 
Thursday in June. 

Georgetown, p-v., capital of Brown co., O. 
It is situated in Pleasant t., 1 m. from Wliite Oak 
cr., 7j- ms. from the Ohio r., 107 s. s. w. Colum- 
bus, 466 W. It has a court house, jail, 4 church- 
es — 1 Presbyterian, I Baptist, 1 Methodist, and 1 
New Light — 12 stores, 2 tanneries, 1 brewery, 1 
printing office, and 1 weekly newspaper, various 
mechanic shops, 120 houses, many of them of 
brick, and about 600 inhabitants. 

Georgetown, p-v., capital of Pettis co.. Mo., 
67 w. JeflTerson city, 1,003 W. Situated on the 
E. side of the south fork of La Mine r. It con- 
tains a court house and several dwellings. 

Georgetow.n, p-v., P'loyd co., la., 130 s. In- 
dianapolis, 609 W. Situated on a branch of In- 
dian cr. 

Georgetown, p-v., Vermillion co.. 111., 140 e. 
Springfield, 667 W. Situated on the n. side of 
Little Vermillion r. 

Georgetow.n Cross Roads, p-o., Kent co., 
Md., 58 N. E. Annapolis, 112 W. 



GEORGIA. 

Georgia, one of the Southern United States, is boimded n. by Tennessee and N. Carolina ; 
N. E. by S. Carolina; e. by the Atlantic; s. by Florida; and w. by Alabama. It is between 30° 
30' and 35° n. lat., and between 80° 50' and 86° 6' w. Ion., and between 3° 52' and 8° 47' w. from 
W. It is 300 miles long from n. to s., and 240 broad from E. to w., containing 58,000 sq. miles, or 
37,120,000 acres. The population in 1790, was 82,584 ; in 1800, 162,686 ; in 1810, 252,433 ; in 
1820,348,989; in 1830,516,567; in 1840, 691,392, of which 280,944 were slaves. Employed in 
30 



GEO 234 GEO 



agriculture, 209,283; in commerce, 2,428 ; in manufactures and trades, 7,984 ; mining, 574 ; navi- 
gating the ocean, 262 ; do. canals, rivers, &c., 352 ; learned professions, 1,250. 

This state is divided into 93 counties, which, with their population in 1840, and their capitals, 
were as follows: Appling, 2,052, Holmesville; Baker, 4,226, Newton; Baldwin, 7,250, 3Iil- 
ledgeville; Bibb, 9,802, Macon; Bryan, 3,182, Bryan C. H.; Bullock, 3,102, Statesborough ; 
Burke, 13,176, Waynesborough ; Butts, 5,308, Jackson; Camden, 6,075, Jeffersonton ; Camp- 
bell, 5,370, Campbellton ; Carroll, 5,252, Carrollton ; Cass, 9,390, Cassville ; Chatham, 18,801, 
Savannah; Chattooga 3,438, Summerville ; Cherokee, 5,895, Canton; Clarke, 10,522, 
Athens; Cobb, 7,539, Marietta; Columbia, 11,356, Applington; Coweta, 10,364, Newnan ; Dade, 
1,364, Trenton ; Decatur, 5,872, Bainbridge ; De Kalb, 10,467, Decatur ; Dooly, 4,427, Vienna ; 
Early, 5,444, Blakeley ; Effingham, 3,075, Springfield; Elbert, 11,125, Elberton; Emanuel, 
3,129, Swainsborough ; Fayette, 6,191, Fayetteville ; Floyd, 4,441, Rome; Forsyth, 5,619, 
Gumming; Franklin, 9,886, Carnesville ; Gilmer, 2,536, Ellejay; Glynn, 5,302, Brunswick ; 
Greene, 11,690, Greensborough ; Gwinnett, 10,804, Lawrenceville ; Habersham, 7,961, Clarks- 
ville ; Hall, 7,875, Gainesville ; Hancock, 9,659, Sparta ; Harris, 13,933, Hamilton ; Heard, 
5,329, Franklin ; Henry, 11,756, McDonough; Houston, 9,711, Perry; Irwin, 2,038, Irvvinville ; 
Jackson, 8,522, Jefferson; Jasper, 11,111, Monticello ; Jefferson, 7,254, Louisville; Jones, 
10,065, Clinton ; Laurens, 5,535, Dublin; Lee, 4,520, Starkeville ; Liberty, 7,241, Hinesville; 
Lincoln, 5,895, Lincolnton; Lowndes, 5,574, Troupsville ; Lumpkin, 5,671, Dahlonega; Macon, 
5,045, Lanier ; Madison, 4,510, Danielsville ; Marion, 4,812, Tazewell ; McIntosh, 5,360, Darien; 
Meriwether, 14,132, Greeneville ; Monroe, 16,275, Forsyth; Montgomery, 1,616, Mount 
Vernon; Morgan, 9,121, Madison; Murray, 4,695, Spring Place; Muscogee, 11,699, Columbus; 
Newton, 11,628, Covington; Oglethorpe, 10,863, Lexington; Paulding, 2,556, Van Wart; 
Pike, 9,176, Zebulon; Pulaski, 5,389, Hawkinsville ; Putnam, 10,260, Eatonton ; Rabun, 1,912, 
Clayton; Randolph, 8,276, Cuthbert ; Richmond, 11,932, Augusta; Scriven, 4,794, Jackson- 
boro; Stewart, 12,933, Lumpldn ; Sumpter, 5,759, Americus ; Talbot, 15,627, Talbotton ; 
Talliaferro, 5,190, Crawfordsville ; Tatnall, 2,724, Reidsville ; Telfair, 2,763, Jacksonville; 
Thomas, 6,766, Thomasville ; Troup, 15,733, Lagrange ; Twiggs, 8,422, Marion ; Union, 3,152, 
Blairsville ; Upson, 9,403, Thomaston ; Walker, 6,572, Lafayette ; Walton, 10,209, Monroe ; 
Ware, 2,323, Waresboro; Warren, 9,789, Warrenton; Washington, 10,565, Sandersville ; 
Wayne, 1,258, Wayne C. H. ; Wilkes, 10,148, Washington ; Wilkinson, 6,842, Irwinton. 

From the ocean, for the distance of 7 miles, there is a margin of islands, intersected by rivers, 
creeks, and inlets, communicating with each other, and fonning an inland navigation for vessels of 
100 tons burden, along the whole coast. These sea islands consist of salt marsh, and land of a 
gray rich soil, which produces sea-island cotton of a superior quality. The n.itural growth of this 
soil is pine, hickory, and live oak. The principal islands are Tybee, Ossabaw, St. Catharines, Sa- 
pelo, St. Simons, and Cumberland. The coast on the main land, for 4 or 5 miles, is a salt marsh. 
Back of this there is a narrow margin of land, nearly resembling that of the islands ; and back of 
this commence the pine barrens, interspersed with numerous inland swamps, on the margin of the 
creeks and rivers. These are partially or wholly overflowed at the return of the tide, and constitute 
the rice plantations. The pine barrens reach from 60 to 90 miles from the coast. Beyond this com- 
mences the country of sand hills, 30 or 40 miles wide, interspersed with fertile tracts, and extend- 
ing to the lower falls of the rivers. The part of the state, above the falls of the rivers, is called the 
Upper Country, and has generally a strong and fertile soil, often inclining to a red color, and fur- 
ther back, mixed with a deep black mold, producing cotton, tobacco, Indian corn, wheat, and 
other kinds of grain. Black walnut and mulberry trees grow abundantly in this soil. The forests 
also produce oak, pine, hickory, and cedar. The fruits are, melons, figs, oranges, pomegranates, 
olives, lemons, limes, citrons, pears, and peaches. The pine barrens produce grapes of a large 
size and excellent flavor. The country on the n., near the boundary of Tennessee, becomes 
mountainous. 

In this state there were in 1840, 157,540 horses and mules ; 884,414 neat cattle ; 267,107 sheep ; 
1,457,755 swine ; poultry to the value of $449,623. There were produced 1,801,830 bushels of wheat ; 
12,979 of barley ; 1,010,030 of oats; 60,693 of rye; 20,905,122 of Indian corn; 371,303 pounds of 
wool; 19,799 of wax; 1,211,366 of potatoes ; 16,969 tons of hay; 10 of flax and hemp; 162,894 
pounds of tobacco; 12,384,732 of rice; 163,392,396 of cotton; 2,992 of silk cocoons; 329,744 of 
sugar. The products of the dairy were valued at $605,172 ; and of the orchard, $156,122 ; of lum- 
ber $1 14,050. There were made, 8,647 gallons of wine. 

The staple commodities of this state are cotton and rice, of which great quantities are exported. 

Copper and iron have been found in this state, and there are several valuable mineral springs, but 
much the most valuable mineral production is gold, which is found in the n. part of the slate, in 
considerable quantities. 

The exports of this state in 1840, amounted to $6,862,959 ; and the imports to $491,428. There 
were 4 commercial and 82 commission houses engaged in foreign trade, with a capital of $1,543,500 ; 



GEO 235 GEO 

1,716 retail drygoods and other stores, with a capital of $7,361,838 ; 442 persons were employed in 
the lumber trade, with a capital of $75,730 ; 194 persons were employed in internal transportation, 
who, with 17 butchers, packers, &c., employed a capital of $12,885. 

The amount of home-made or family goods was $1,467,630. There was 1 woollen manufactory 
employing 10 persons, producing articles to the amount of $3,000, with a capital of $2,000; 19 
cotton factories with 42,539 spindles, employing 779 persons, producing articles to the amount of 
$304,342, employing a capital of $573,835 ; 14 furnaces, producing 494 tons of cast iron, employ- 
ing 41 persons, and a capital of $24,000; 130 smelting houses employed 405 persons, and pro- 
duced gold to the amount of $121,881, with a capital of $79,343; 55 persons manufactured hats and 
caps to the amount of $22,761, with a capital of $7,950; 132 tanneries employed 437 persons, and 
a capital of $127,739 ; 102 other leather manufactories, as saddleries, &c., produced articles to the 
amount of $123,701, with a capital of $60,932 ; 6 potteries, employing 12 persons, produced articles 
to the amount of $2,050, with a capital of $790 ; 184 persons produced machinery to the amount of 
$131,233 ; 19 persons produced hardware and cutlery to the amount of $7,866 ; 555 persons pro- 
duced bricks and lime to the amount of $148,655; 2,633 persons made 764,528 pounds of soap, 
and 111,065 poimds of tallow candles, with a capital of $27,126 ; 393 distilleries produced 126,745 
gallons, which with 22 breweries employed 218 persons, and a capital of $28,606 ; 461 persons man- 
ufactured carriages and wagons to the amount of $249,065, with a capital of $93,820; 114 flouring 
mills produced 55,158 barrels of flour, and, with other mills, employed 1,581 persons, producing 
articles to the amount of $1,268,715, with a capital of $1,491,973 ; 95 persons manufactured furniture 
to the amount of $49,780, with a capital of $29,090; 38 brick or stone houses, and 2,591 wooden 
houses were built by 2,274 persons, at a cost of $693,116; 24 printing oflices, and 5 binderies, 5 
daily, 5 semi-weekly, and 24 weekly newspapers, and 6 periodicals, employed 157 persons, and a 
capital of $134,400. The whole amount of capital employed in manufactures was $2,899,565. 

The climate of Georgia is generally mild. In the low country it is unhealthy during the months 
of July, August, and September, excepting portions of the islands ; but the upper country is salu- 
brious and healthy. Snow is seldom seen, and cattle subsist with very little food but what they 
obtain from the woods and savannahs. 

The rivers are — the Savannah, 600 miles long, bounding the state on the n. e., navigable for 
ships 17 miles to Savannah, and, a part of the year, for steamboats, 250 miles to Augusta ; the Al- 
tamaha, which is navigable for large vessels, 12 miles, to Darien, is formed by the junction of the 
Oconee and the Ocmulgee ; and is navigable for sloops of 30 tons, by the former, to Dublin, 300 
miles from the ocean ; the Ogeeche, 200 miles long, and navigable for sloops 40 miles ; Flint river, 
which rises in the n. w. part of the state, and, after a course of more than 200 miles, joins the Chatta- 
hoochee, forming the Appalachicola ; the Chattahoochee, on the w. border of the state, which is 
navigable 300 miles by steamboat to Columbus ; the St. Marys river, in the s. w. part of the state, 
rises in Okefinokee Swamp, and is navigable, 70 miles, for vessels drawing 14 feet of water. 
Okefinokee Swamp is about 180 miles in circumference, and has in it several fertile islands. 

Savannah, on the Savannah river, is the largest and most commercial place in the state. Au- 
gusta, at the head of steamboat navigation on the same river, is a place of extensive trade, in the 
interior. Macon, Columbus, Milledgeville, and Darien are considerable places. 

The University of Georgia is located at Athens, and is designed to have an academic branch in 
each county. A few only of these have been opened. It was founded in 1788, and has been well 
endowed. In this institution and its branches, there were in 1840, 622 students. There were in 
the state, 176 academies or grammar schools, with 7,878 students ; and 601 common or primary 
schools, with 15,561 scholars. There were 30,717 free white persons over 20 years of age who 
could neither read nor write. 

The Baptists, Methodists, and Presbyterians are the most numerous religious denominations. 
In 1835 the Baptists had 583 churches, 298 ministers, and 41,810 communicants ; Methodists, 80 
travelling preachers, and 25,005 white, and 8,436 colored communicants ; Presbyterians, 75 
cliurches, 45 ministers, and 4,882 communicants ; Episcopalians 4 ministers ; Protestant Meth- 
odists, 20 congregations and 15 ministers. Besides these there were a number of Christ-ians, Ro- 
man Catholics, Lutherans, Scots Presbyterians, Friends, and Jews. 

In 1840, this state had 37 banks and branches, with an aggregate capital of $15,119,219, and a 
circulation of $3,017,348. At the close of 1840 the state debt amounted to $500,000. 

This state has a penitentiary at Milledgeville. 

The fir.st constitution of Georgia was formed in 1777 ; a second, in 1785 ; and the present, in 
1798. The governor is elected by the people, and holds his office 2 years. One senator is elected 
for each county. The representatives are proportioned to the population, including three fifths 
of the people of color, but each county is entitled to at least one, and one to more than 4 members. 
The general assembly meets annually in November, at Milledgeville. All the free white male 
inhabitants, who shall have resided within the county in which they vote, six months preceding the 
election, and shall have paid taxes in the state for the year previous, have the right of suffrage. 



GER 



236 



GER 



The judges of the superior court are elected for three years by the legislature ; and the judges 
of the inferior courts, and justices of the peace, are elected for 4 years by the people. 

Tliis state has several important works of internal improvement. The Savannah and Ogeechee 
canal extends 16 miles, from Savannah to Ogeechee river, completed in 1829, at an expense of 
$165,000. The Brunswick canal extends from tide water on the Altamaha, 12 miles to Bruns- 
wick, at a cost of $500,000. 

The Georgia railroad extends from Augusta, 165 miles, to De Kalb county. The Athens Branch 
extends from the Georgia railroad, 33 miles, to Athens. Cost of the whole, including the Athens 
branch, $3,300,000. The Western and Atlantic railroad continues the Georgia railroad from De 
Kalb county, 140 miles, to Chattanooga, on Tennessee river, at a cost of $2,130,000. The Central 
railroad extends from Savannah, 197 miles, to Macon, estimated to cost $2,300,000. The Monroe 
railroad extends from Macon, 101 miles, to Whitehall. The Ocmulgee and Flint River railroad, 
76 miles in length, is designed to connect the navigable waters of these rivers, so as to form a com- 
munication from the Atlantic to the Gulf of Mexico. 

In 1732 the country between the Savannah and Altamaha was granted by George II. to Gen. 
Oglethorpe and others. He, with 40 others, landed at Yamacraw Bluff, and founded Savannah, 
Feb. 1st, 1733. 

This state suffered much, in its earlier periods, from wars with the Spaniards in Florida. In 1752 
the trustees surrendered the province to the king, and a general court was established in 1755. In 
1763 George III. annexed the country between the Altamaha and the St. Marys to the province. 
Savannah was taken by the British in the revolutionary war, December 29th, 1778. The town and 
state were evacuated by the British, in July, 1782. In convention, tliis state adopted the constitu- 
tion of the United States, Jan. 2d, 1788, by a unanimous vote. 



Georgia, p-t., Franklin co., Vt., 40 n. w. Mont- 
pelier, 535 W. It lies on Lake Champlain, 
which bounds it on the vv. Along the lake shore 
the surface is level, and the soil is exceedingly 
fertile. The soil in the s. part is sandy, and 
covered with pine. Lamoille r. crosses the s. 
part, and affords water power. It has 1 Congre- 
gational and 1 Baptist church ; 3 stores, capital 
$3,000 ; 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 3 saw m., 1 oil m. 
Cap. in manufac. $3,000. 1 acad. 18 students, 8 
sch. 177 scholars. Pop. 2,106. 

Gerard, p-v., Russell co., Ala., 193 E. by s. 
Tuscaloosa, 758 W. Situated on the w. bank of 
the Chattahoochee r. It contains several stores 
and dwellings. 

Gerardstown, p-v., Berldey co., Va., 165 n. 
Richmond, 87 W. It contains 3 churches — 1 
Presbyterian, 1 Methodist, and 1 Lutheran — 2 
stores, 1 tannery, 35 dwellings, and about 85 in- 
habitants. 

German, p-t., Chenango co., N. Y., 123 w. Al- 
bany, 326 W. The surface is hilly, and the 
soil well adapted to grazing. It has 1 store, 4 
saw m., 10 sell. 428 scholars. Pop. 965. 

German, p t., Darke co., O., 97 w. Columbus, 
491 W. It lias 3 sch. 60 scholars. Pop. 1,178. 

German, t., Allen co., O. It has 2 sch. 45 
scholars. Pop. 856. 

German, t., Clark co., O. It has 10 sch. 135 
scholars. Pop. 1,666. 

German, t., Harrison co., O. It has 5 sch. 224 
scholars. Pop. 1,369. 

German, t.. Holmes co., O. It has 1 store, 
cap. $800 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 brewery, 1 
grist m., 4 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. 
$3,340. Pop. 1,295. 

German, t., Lucas co., O. It has 2 sch. 108 
scholars. Pop. 452. 

German, t., Bartholomew co., la. 
German, t., Cape Girardeau co.. Mo Pop 771 
German, t., Madison co., Mo. It has 4 sch. 84 
scholars. Pop. 417. 

German Flats, t., Herkimer co., N. Y , 83 w 
't' ^^A"'""/' "^''^^ surface is undulating j'but on 
the Mohawk r., which runs on its n. border are 
extensive and fertile alluvial flats. First settled by 
Germans, whence it derived its name The Erie 
canal passes through it. It has 14 stores, capital 



$39,800 ; 2 forges, 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 
tanneries, 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$32,935 ; 11 sch. 440 scholars. Pop. 3,245. 

Germanno, p-v., German t., Harrison co., O., 
120 e. n. e. Columbus, 286 W. 

German Settlement, p-v., Preston co., Va., 
242 N. w. Richmond, 166 W. It has 1 church, 
free to all denominations, 2 stores, 3 grist m., 4 
saw m., 1 carding machine, 2 tanneries, 100 
dwellings, and about 500 inhabitants. 

Germanton, p-v., capital, Stokes co., N, C, 
123 N. w. Raleigh, 319 W. Situated on the s. 
side of the town fork of Dan r. It has a brick 
court house, jail, a Methodist church, 4 stores, 
and about 130 inhabitants. 

Germantown, p-t., Columbia co., N. Y., 46 s. 
Albany, 334 W. The surface is gently undula- 
ting ; soil, clay loam, and well cultivated. It 
has 1 Presbyterian and 1 Lutheran church, and 
3 landings, with storehouses, on Hudson r. It 
has 4 stores, cap. $10,000 ; 4 sch. 65 scholars. 
Pop. 969. 

Germantown, t, Fayette co.. Pa. It has 5 
stores, cap. $17,400 ; 2 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 5 
grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,175. 9 
sch. 572 scholars. Pop. 2,310. 

Germantown, p-t., Pliiladelphia co.. Pa., 6 n. 
w. Philadelphia, 104 e. s. e. Harrisburg, 144 W. 
The surface is hilly, and the soil loam and allu- 
vial bottoms. Watered by Wissihickon cr. and 
its branches, and Wingohocking cr. It lies on a 
street 3 ms. long, which contains 700 dwellings, 
many stores and mechanic shops, 10 churches — 

1 Presbyterian, 1 German Calvinist, 2 Lutlieran, 

2 Friends, 1 Episcopal, 1 Methodist, 1 Tunker, 
and 1 Menonist. It was founded by Quaker 
Germans. Germantown may be regarded as a 
suburb of Philadelphia, and many of its inhabit- 
ants are those who have sought retirement from 
the bustle of the city. A hard-fought battle of 
the revolution took place here, in October, 1777, 
in which the loss of the Americans, in killed and 
wounded, was about 700, and of the British 500. 
It has 43 stores, cap. $104,820 ; 2 lumber yards, 
cap. $22,000 ; 2 woollen fac, 3 cotton fac 400 
sp., 2 dyeing establishments, 1 tannery, 1 brew- 
ery, 1 paper fac, 1 printing oflice, 1 weekly 
newspaper, 5 flouring m., 1 grist m., 1 oil m. 



GHO 



237 



GIL 



Cap. in mamifac. $"26 j, 100. 4 acad. 70 students, 
20 sch. 709 scholars. Pop. 5,482. 

Germantown, p-v., Hyde co., N. C, 185 e. 
Raleigh, 371 W. Situated at the mouth of Tar 
r., on a branch of Pamlico soimd. 

Germantown, p-v., Shelby co., Tenn., 219 
w. s. w. ^fashvi]le, 902 W. 

Germantown, p-v., Marion co., la., 16 n. e. 
Indianapolis, 573 W. 

Germantown, p-v.. Mason co., Ky., 71 k. n. 
E. Frankfort, 479 W. 

Germantown, p-v., German t., Montgomery 
CO., O., 82 w. Columbus, 475 W. Situated on a 
beautiful valley, near the junction of Big and 
Little Twin creeks, and surrounded on the n. and 
E. by hills. It was settled from Pa., by descend- 
ants of Germans, and contains 4 churches, 14 
stores, 2 tanneries, 1 brewery, 1 printing office, 
150 dwellings, and about l,20O inhabitants. 
There are many mills in the vicinity. 

Germanville, p-v., Edgefield dist., S. C, 32 
w. Columbia, 536 VV. 

Germany, t., Adams co.. Pa., 10 s. e. Gettys- 
burg. The surface is level ; soil, calcareous 
loam and gravel. Drained by Piney cr. on the 
S., and the head waters of (^onnewago cr. on the 
N. It has 7 stores, cap. $26,000; 1 lumber yard, 
cap. $1,000; 3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 brewery, 
3 flouring m., 4 grist m., 4 saw ni., 1 oil m. Cap. 
in manufac. $15,950. 12 sch. 475 scholars. Pop. 
1,553. 

Gerry, p-t., Chautauqua co., N. Y., 330 w. 
Albany, 330 W. The surface is undulating, and 
the soil gravelly loam, well cultivated. Drained 
by Cassadaga cr. and its tributaries. It has 1 store, 
cap. $2,000 ; 2 tanneries, 9 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $12,500. 8 sch. 417 scholars. Pop. 1,288. 

Gettysburgh, p-b., capital, Adams co.. Pa., 35 
E. N. E. Harrisburg, 75 W. It is situated at the 
point where the roads from Philadelphia and 
Baltimore to Pittsburgh unite. It is on elevated 
ground, and surrounded by a fine country. The 
Theological Seminary of the Lutheran Church 
was established here in 1826. It has 3 profess- 
ors, 26 students, 130 have completed their edu- 
cation, and it has 7,000 volumes in its libraries. 
The public buildings are a court house, jail, 
county offices, an academy, a bank, 6 churches — 
1 Presbyterian, 1 Methodist, 2 German Lutheran, 
1 Roman Catholic, and one Independent. 3 
weekly newspapers, 1 of which is in German. 
It manufactures carriages extensively. The place 
is supplied by water in pipes from a neighboring 
spring. The Baltimore and Ohio railroad will 
come within a little over 8 ms. of the place, and 
it is designed to meet it by a railroad from this 
place. The t. has 9 stores, cap. $66,500 ; 1 fur- 
nace, 2 tanneries, 1 brewery, 1 foundry, 1 pot- 
tery, 4 printing offices, 3 weekly newspapers, 1 
periodical. Cap. in manufac. $32,900. 2 col- 
leges, 190 students, 1 acad. 42 students, 8 sch. 330 
scholars. Pop. 1,908. 

Gettyshurgh, p-v., Preble co., O., 102 w. 
Columbus, 495 W. 

Ghent, p-t., Columbia co., N. Y., 27 s. Albany, 
351 W. The surface is somewhat broken ; soil, 
gravelly loam, and well cultivated. Drained by 
Claverack creek. The v. contains 1 Dutch Re- 
formed church, 1 store, 20 dwellings, and about 
100 inhabitants. There are in the t. 2 stores, cap. 
$3,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 3 grist m., 1 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $18,500. 1 acad. 33 
Bludents, 9 sch. 519 scholars. Pop. 2,558. 

Ghent, p-v., Carroll co., Ky., 59 n. Frankfort, 
543 W. Situated on s. side of Ohio r. Pop. 300. 

Gholson, p-v., Noxubee co., 31iss., 113 n. e. 
Jackbon, 901 W. 



Gholsonville, p-v., Brunswick co., Va., 85 
s. Richmond, 201 W. Situated on the n. bank 
of Meherin r. 

Gibbon's Tavern, p-o., Delaware co., Pa., 92 
E. s. e. Harrisburg, 126 W. 

Gibraltar, p-v., Brownstown t., Wayne co., 
Mich., 31 s. Detroit, 510 W. Situated on the w. 
bank of Detrtjit r., at its entrance into Lake Erie. 
It has a good harbor, with an extensive wharf, 
and a lign^house. It contains 2 stores and a 
large warehouse. The Gibraltar and Clinton 
canal, a few miles of which are completed, af- 
fords, by its waste water, a good water power. 

Gibson, county, Tenn. Situated in tlie w. 
part of the slate, and contains 660 square miles. 
Drained by branches of Obion and Forked Deer 
creeks. The surface is undulating ; soil, fertile. 
Capital, Trenton. There were in 1840, neat cat- 
tle 12,77.5, sheep 8,830, swine 55,128; wheat 
62,839 bushels produced, rye 2,630, Indian corn 
634,595, oats 34,566, potatoes 21,797, tobacco 
414,595 pounds, cotton 239,044; 14 stores, cap. 
$100,000; 6 tanneries, 8 distilleries, 15 grist m., 
8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,700. 1 acad. 20 
students, 24 schools, 520 scholars. Pop. whites 
10,612, slaves 2,969, free colored 108; total, 
13,689. 

Gibson, county, la. Situated in the s. w. part 
of the state, and contains 450 sq. ms. Surface, 
undulating. White river runs on its n. border. 
Drained by Patoka and Big Pigeon creeks. Or- 
ganized in 1813. Capital, Princeton. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 8,409, sheep 8,945, 
swine 28,245; wheat 62,611 bush, produced, Ind. 
corn 490,962, oats 73,620, potatoes 9,940, tobacco 
6,690 pounds, sugar 12,365 ; 23 stores, capital 
$27,560; 4 tanneries, 5 flouring m., 10 grist m., 8 
saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $26,170. 1 
acad. 20 students, 17 sch. 486 scholars. Pop. 
8,977. 

Gibson, p-t., Susquehanna co.. Pa., 177 n. n. 
e. Harrisburg, 281 W. The surface is hilly; 
soil, clay and gravel. Watered by Tunkhannock 
and Lackawannoc creeks. It has 5 stores, cap. 
$31,500; 2 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 4 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,745. 9 sch. 235 
scholars. Pop. 1,219. 

Gibson, t., Washington co., la. It has 1 store, 
cap. $2,000; 2 grist m., 2 saw m. 1 sch. 30 
scholars. Pop. 73S. 

Gibson, t.. Gasconade co.. Mo. Pop. 808. 

GiBsoNviLLE, p-o., Leicester t., Livingston co., 
N. Y. 

Gilbertsborough, p-o.. Limestone co., Ala., 
170 N. Tuscaloosa, 749 VV. 

GiLBKKTSviLLE, p-v., Buttemuts t., Otsego 
CO., N. Y., 95 w. Albany, 335 W. It contains 4 
churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, 
and 1 Methodist — an academy, 5 stores, 1 oil m., 
and 1 tannery, 150 dwellings, and about 250 in- 
habitants. 

GiLBOA, p-v., Broome t., Schoharie co., N. Y., 
51 w. Albany, 367 W. Situated on Schoharie 
cr. It contains 1 church, 3 stores, 1 woollen fac, 
1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 furnace, 2 tanneries, 35 
dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. 

Gii.EAD, p-t., Oxford CO., Me., 71 w. Augusta 
602 W. Situated on both sides of Androscoggin 
r., between two mountains. Much of the surface 
is rough, and fit only for grazing ; but the soil on 
the river is well adapted to cultivation. Incor- 
porated in 1804. It has 1 grist m., 1 sch. 34 schol- 
ars. Pop. 313. 

Gii.EAD, p-v., Hebron t., Tolland co., Ct., 21 e. 
s. E. Hartford, 349 W. It has a handsome Gotliic 
Episcopal and a Congregational church, and com- 
mands a tine prospect. 



GIL 



238 



GLA 



GiLEAD, t., Marion co., O. It has 5 stores, 
cap. $12,000; 6 sch. 250 scholars. Pop. 1,150. 

GiLEAD, p-v., Weston t., Wood co., O., 136 n. 
N. w. Columbus, 474 W. Situated on the s. e. 
bank of Maumee r., where a great water power 
can be easily obtained. Small steamboats navi- 
gate the r. above this place, as far as Fott Wayne, 
but below, to Perrysburg, it is not navigable. It 
has several stores, and about 200 inhabitants. 

GiLEAD, p-t., Branch co., 3Iich., 128 w. s. w. 
Detroit, 577 W. It i.s a fertile township, produc- 
ing grain and cattle, and has 1 saw m., 2 sch. 25 
scholars. Pop. 214. 

GiLEAD, p-v., Calhoun county, 111., 105 s. w. 
Springfield, 855 W. Situated at the foot of the 
bluffs, three fourths of a mile from Salt Prairie 
slough. 

Giles, county, Va. Situated in the vv. part of 
the state, and contains 935 sq. ms. The surlace 
is mountainous, and its mean elevation 1,600 feet 
above the ocean. Organized in 1806. The soil 
is barren and rocky on the high grounds, but fer- 
tile in the valleys and on the streams. Watered 
by New r. It has White Sulphur Springs, which 
are much celebrated, situated on the bank of New 
r. Capital, Parisburg. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 7,023, sheep 10,217, swine 13,189; wheat 
45,413 bush, produced, rye 35,463, Indian corn 
163,052, buckwheat 6,221, oats 69,036, potatoes 
16,764, tobacco 13,430 pounds, sugar 21,433 ; 8 
stores, cap. $34,200 ; 1 forge, 6 tanneries, 34 dis- 
tilleries, 2 powder m., 2 flouring m., 30 grist m., 

18 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $32,784. 1 
acad. 30 students, 9 schools, 193 scholars. Pop. 
whites 4,684, slaves 574, free colored 49 ; total, 
5,307. 

Giles, county, Tenn. Situated in the s. part 
of the state, and contains 600 sq. ms. Drained 
by Richland and other branches of Elk cr. The 
surface is moderately uneven ; soil, fertile. Cap- 
ital, Pulaski. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
18,560, sheep 13,980, swine 108,473; wheat 92,244 
bush, produced, rye 7,461, Ind. com 1,453,243, 
oats 97,049, potatoes 24,198, tobacco 19,528 
pounds, cotton 2,416,923; 21 stores, cap. $133,110 ; 
1 cotton fac. 160 sp., 9 tanneries, 58 distilleries, 1 
powder m., 1 rope fac, 2 flouring m., 35 grist m., 

19 saw m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspa- 
pers. Cap. in manufac. $19,100. 4 acad. 165 
students, 20 schools, 589 scholars. Pop. whites 
14,425, slaves 7,030, free col'd 39 ; total, 21,494. 

Giles, C. H., p-v., Giles co., Va., now called 
Parisburg, 240 w. by s. Richmond, 293 W. Sit- 
uated on the s. bank of New r., just above the 
gap, where it passes through Peters Mountain, 
the w. branch of the Alleghany chain. See Pa- 
risburg. 

Gilford, p-t., capital of Belknap co., N. H., 38 
N. Concord, 509 W. Situated on the s. side of 
WinnipLseogee lake, which bounds it on the n. 
E. and N. w. Suncook mountain lies in the s. E. 
part of the t Drained by Miles' r. and the head 
branches of Suncook r. The soil is generally 
fertile. Incorporated in 1812, when it was sepa- 
rated from Gilmanton. It lias 5 stores, capital 
$11,300; 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. 
»n 'nanufac. $14,550. 13 sch. 666 scholars. Pop. 

^^^''^/^.y'^^'^"^' P-'^-' GiUoTd t., Belknap 
CO., N. H., 33 N. Concord, 514 W. Pleasantly 
situated on the outlet of Winnipiseogee lake mto 
Great Bay. 

Gill, p-t., Franklin co., Mass., 98 w. by n 
Boston, 410 W. It is situated on the w. side of 
Connecticut r. Organized in 1793, from Green- 
field. It has excellent interval land on a bend 
in Connecticut r. Fall r. divides it from Green- 



field. It has 1 store, cap. $3,000 ; 1 tannery, 3 
grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,990. 6 
sch. 217 scholars. Pop. 798. 

Gillespieville, p-o., Ross co., O., 60 s. Co- 
lumbus, 385 W. 

Gilliams, p-o.. Baker co., Ga., 45 s. s. w. Mil- 
ledgeville, 802 W. 

Gillisonsville, p-o., Beaufort dist., S. C. 

Gills Mills, p-o., Bath co., Ky., 87 e. Frank- 
fort, 509 W. 

Gill's Store, p-o., Lincoln co., Tenn., 84 s. 
Nashville, 707 W. 

GiLLsviLLE, p-o.. Hall CO., Ga., 131 n. n. w. 
Milledgeville, 630 W. 

GiLLMAN'i5, p-o., Sumner co., Tenn., 45 n. e. 
Nashville, 686 W. 

GiLMANjp-t., Hamilton co., N. Y., 68 n. n. w. 
Albany. "The surface is diversified, and most of 
it is a wilderness. It contains several small lakes, 
and is mountainous in its n. part. It has 1 grist 
m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,500. 21 scho- 
lars in sch. Pop. 98. 

GiLMANTO.N, p-t., Belknap co., N. H., 20 n. by 
E. Concord, 501 W. The surface is hilly and 
rough, and the soil, though hard, is fertile. Wa- 
tered by Suncook and Soucook rivers. First set- 
tled in 1761. It has a well endowed and flourish- 
ing academy, with which the " Gilmantown The- 
ological Seminary" is connected. This seminary 
was founded in 1835 ; has 3 professors, 26 stu- 
dents, 21 have completed their education, and it 
has 2,200 vols, in its libraries. There are in the 
t., 12 stores, cap. $22,000 ; 1 cotton fac. 1,000 sp., 
4 tanneries, 1 printing office, 7 grist m., 1 1 saw m., 
1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $59,900. 1 college, 
26 students, 1 acad. 293 students, 28 sch. 1,035 
scholars. Pop. 3,485. 

Gilmanton Iron Works, p-v., Gilmanton t., 
Belknap co., N. H., 23 n. Concord, 504 W. 

Gilmer, county, Ga. Situated in the n. part 
of the state, and contains 680 sq. ms. Drained 
by Coosawatee and Aquokee rivers and their 
branches. Capital, Ellijay. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 3,402, sheep 1,044, swine 8,149 ; wheat 
4,379 bush, prod., Ind. corn 97,569, oats 4,940, po- 
tatoes 3,835, tobacco 5,648 pounds, cotton 10,584 ; 
1 store, capital $2,000 ; 2 sch. 70 scholars. Pop. 
whites 2,441, slaves 92, free col'd 3 ; total, 2,536. 

GiLSUM, p-t., Cheshire co., N. H., 56 w. s. w. 
Concord, 444 W. Situated about 10 e. Connec- 
ticut r. The soil, in some parts, is fertile. Wa- 
tered by Ashuelot r. which affords water power. 
Chartered in 1763. It has 2 stores, cap. $2,300 ; 
3 woollen fac, 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $30,973. 8 sch. 218 scholars. Population, 
656. 

Ginseng, p-o., Logan co., Va., 326 w. n. w. 
Richmond, 363 W. 

GiRARD, p-t.. Branch co., Mich., 110 w. s. w. 
Detroit, 570 W. It has 1 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $1,500. 4 sch. 63 scholars. Pop. 452. 

GiRARD, p-v., Trumbull co., O., 173 n. e. Co- 
lumbus, 294 W. 

GiRARD, p-t., Erie co.. Pa., 264 n. w. Harris- 
burg, 337 W. It has 6 stores, cap. $29,200 ; 2 
fullhig m., 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $3,200 ; 14 sch. 663 scholars. Pop. 
2,660. 

Girl's Flats, p-o., Tioga t., Tioga co., N. Y., 
185 w. s. w. Albany, 231 W. 

Gladdens Grove, p-o., Fairfield dist., S. C, 
43 N. Columbia, 464 W. 

Glades Cross Roads, p-o., Putnam co., Ga., 
31 N. w. Milledgeville, 617 W. 

Glade Hill, p-o., Franklin co., Va. 

Glade Run, p-o., Armstrong co.. Pa., 184 w. 
N. w. Harrisburg, 237 W. 



GLE 



239 



GLO 



Gi,ADE Mills, p-o., Butler co., Pa^ 212 w. n 
w. Harrisburg, 249 W. 

Glade Spring, p-o., Washington co., Va.,292 
w. s. w. Richmond, 360 W. 

Glade Valley, p-o., Alleghany co., Md., 203 
W. N. w. Annapolis, 160 W. 

Gladwin, county, Mich. Situated in the n. 
part of tlie state, and contains 576 sq. ms. Wa- 
tered by Tittibawassee r. Unorganized. 

Glady Creek, p-o., Randolph co., Va., 228 n. 
w. Richmond, 254 W. 

Glasco, p-v., Saugerties t., Ulster co., N. Y., 
48 s. Albany, 328 W. Situated on the w. side 
of Hudson river. It has a convenient landing, 3 
stores, extensive brick yards, and about 50 dwell- 
ings. 

Glasgow, p-v., New Castle co., Del. Situated 
on Christiana cr., near its source. 

Glasgow, p-o., Columbiana co., O., 153 n. e. 
Columbus, 276 W. 

Glasgow, p-v., capital of Barren co., Ky., 123 
s. w. Frankfort, 646 W. Situated a little e. of 
Beaver branch of Green r. 

Glasgow, p-v., Howard co.. Mo., 73 n. w. Jef- 
ferson city, 978 W. Situated on the n. bank of 
the Missouri r. 

'Glassborough, p-v., FrankUn t., Gloucester 
CO., N. J., 47 s. by w. Trenton, 158 W. It con- 
tains an Episcopal and a Methodist church, 2 
stores, 2 glass fac, and about 35 dwellings. 

Glastenbury, p-t., Hartford co., Ct., 6 s. by 
E. Hartford, 333 W. Situated on the e. side of 
Connecticut r. On the r. the soil is very fertile ; 
to the E. it is rough, but productive. Roaring 
brook affords water power. It has 7 stores, cap. 
$18,500 ; 3 fulling m., 4 woollen fac, 2 cotton fac. 
5,360 sp., 3 forges, 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 6 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $214,400 ; 1 acad. 20 stu- 
dents, 15 sch. 578 scholars. Pop. 3,077. 

Glastenbury, t., Bennington co., Vt., 9 n. e. 
Bennington. Chartered in 1761. It is a rough 
mountain town, almost incapable of cultivation. 
It has 2 sch. 20 scholars. Pop. 53. 

Glaze, t.. Miller co.. Mo. Pop. 380. 

Glenatta, p-o., Marion co., Ga., 146 s. w. Mil- 
ledgeville, 779 W. 

Glen Brook, p-o., Monroe co., Tenn., 195 e. 
s. E. Nashville, 558 W. 

Glenbrook, p-o.. Hart county, Ky., 109 s. w. 
Frankfort, 626 W. 

Glenburn, p-t., Penobscot co.. Me., 77 n. e. 
Augusta, 672 W. It is situated on both sides of 
Kenduskeag stream, at the great bend, and has a 
good soil, adapted to grain. It has water power, 
which has not been much improved. It has 1 
saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $1,000. 9 sch. 271 
scholars. Pop. 664. 

Glen Cove, p-v., Oysterbay t., Queens co., 
N. Y., 176 s. by e. Albany. Situated at the 
head of a cove of the same name, on the e. side 
of Hempstead harbor. It contains an Episcopal 
church, an academy, several stores, and a grist 
m. A steamboat generally plies between it and 
New York, and it is much resorted to during the 
summer months. 

Glenfinlas, p-o., Jeflferson co.. Mo., 122 e. 
Jefferson city, 862 W. 

Glenhaji, p-v., Fishkill t., Dutchess co., N. Y., 
83 s. Albany, 289 W. This flourishing manufac- 
turing village is situated on Fishkill cr., 3 ms. E. 
of its entrance into Hudson r. Ii contains 2 
churches, 2 stores, a woollen fac, which con- 
sumes 200,000 pounds of wool annually, produ- 
cing broadcloths and cassimeres of the finest qual- 
ity, employing 100 workmen ; 60 dwellings, and 
about 500 inhabitants. 

Glenn, p-t., Montgomery co., N. Y., 43 w. n. 



w. Albany, 403 W. The surface is hilly; soil, 
loam, mixed with clay. Drained by Schoharie 
cr., a tributary of the Mohawk, which latter runs 
on its N. border. The Erie canal passes tlirough 
the t. It has 10 stores, cap. i$43,OUO ; 1 fulling 
m., 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $2,500. 10 sch. 310 scholars. Pop. 
3,678. 

Glenn Connel, p-o., Cambria co.. Pa. 

Glenn's, p-o., Gloucester co., Va., 87 e. Rich- 
mond, 155 W. 

Glenn's Falls, p-v., Queen.sbury t., Warren 
CO., N. Y., 54 N. Albany, 427 W. Situated on 
the N. side of Hudson r. Incorporated in 1839. 
It contains 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Bap- 
tist, and 1 Methodist — an academy, a female 
seminary, 30 stores, 1 grist m., 4 saw m., 3 of 
which have 25 saws each, 4 marble mills, with 
275 saws, 1 plaster m., 1 furnace, 3 machine 
shops, 1 marble fac, 2 tanneries, 225 dwellings, 
and about 1,800 inhabitants. The finest black 
marble is found here. The falls on the Hudson 
at this place have a total descent of 50 feet, af- 
fording much picturesque scenery, and very 
extensive water power. A bridge, 500 feet long, 
crosses Hudson r. at the falls. The feeder of the 
Champlain canal leaves the r. 2 ms. above, and 
unites with the canal a few ms. e., and affords a 
navigable communication with the canal and its 
connected waters. 

Glenn Springs, p-o., Spartanburg dist., S. C, 
86 N. w. Columbia, 480 W. 

Glennville, p-t., Schenectady co., N. Y., 4 
w. Schenectady, 30 w. Albany, 470 W. Sur- 
face is uneven, and the soil a sandy loam. The 
Mohawk r. runs on its s. border, and Aelplass cr. 
through its e. part, where it enters the Mohawk 
r. The v. has 1 church, 1 store, and 12 or 15 
dwellings. There are in the t. 5 stores, capital 
.$8,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 
2 grist m., 3 savi^ m. Cap. in manufac. $3,200. 

10 sch. 398 scholars. Pop. 3,068. 

Glen Wild, p-o., Thompson t., Sullivan co_, 
N. Y., 102 s. w. Albany, 304 W. 

Globe, p-o., Caldwell co., N. C, 220 w. Ra- 
leigh, 408 W. 

Gloucester, county, N. J., in the s. w. part 
of the state, has Delaware r. on its n. w. bound- 
ary. It contains 530 sq. miles. The lands along 
the Delaware are highly cultivated, producing 
excellent fruit and vegetables. Back of this the 
soil is sandy, and covered with pine, which fur- 
nishes much timber and wood for exportation. 
Drained by Cooper's, Big Timber, Mantua, and 
Racoon creeks, and the head branches of Great 
Egg Harbor r. Capital, Woodbury. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 10,484, sheep 9,335, swine 
24,311 ; wheat 31,175 bush, produced, rye 97,305, 
Ind. corn 344,555, buckwheat 26,571, oats 92,930, 
hops 777 pounds ; 93 stores, cap. $186,460 ; 3 
lumber yards, cap. $21,000 ; 3 fulling m., 5 wool- 
len fac, 1 cotton fac, 4 tanneries, 5 distilleries, 

11 glass fac, 1 pottery, 2 flouring m., 21 grist m., 
53 saw m., 1 oil m., 4 printing ofllccs, 1 periodi- 
cal, 4 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. 
$692,077. 6 acad. 395 students, 68 sch. 4,256 
scholars. Pop. 25,438. 

Gloucester, county, Va. Situated in the e. 
part of the state, and contains 280 sq. ms. Or- 
ganized in 1652. It has York r. on its s. w. bor- 
der. Capital, Gloucester C. H. Tliere were in 
1840, neat cattle 7,778, sheep 4,914, swine 14,162, 
wheat 56,325 bush, produced, Ind. corn 306,564, 
barley 2,748, oats 61,775, potatoes 12,767, cotton 
8,439 pounds ; 20 stores, cap. $86,600 ; 3 tanner- 
ies, 17 gri."t m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufactures 
$27,710. 4 acad. 98 students. 10 sch. 216 schol- 



GLY 



240 



GOL 



ars. Pop. wliites 4,412, slaves 5,791, free col'd 
612; total, 10,715. 

Gloucester, p-t., and port of entry, Essex cc, 
Mass., 30 N. E. Boston, 470 W. Incorporated in 
1639. It has a fine harbor, open at all seasons 
of the year, and its inhabitants are extensively 
engaged in navigation and the fisheries. Ton- 
nage of the district 1840, 17,072. The harbor is 
on the s. side of the peninsula, and on Thatcher's 
island, on the s. E., are 2 light-houses. A canal 
is cut across the isthmus which connects the 
cape with the main land. Tlie almost insular 
situation of this place makes it a pleasant resort 
in the summer season. It has 4 commercial 
houses, cap. $107,000; 32 stores, cap. $57,775; 
2 lumber yards, cap. $23,000 ; 1 printmg office, 1 
weekly and 1 semi-weekly newspapers, 4 grist 
m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $.52,495. 1 acad. 
46 students, 26 sch. 1,238 scholars. Pop. 6,350. 
(See Rockport.) 

Gloucester, t.. Providence co., R. I., 16 w. s. 
w. Providence, 50 e. by N. Hartford, Ct. First 
settled in 1700. Incorporated in 1730. The sur- 
face is uneven and rough ; the soil is well adapted 
to grazing. Watered by Chepatchet r., which 
affords good water power, and on which is the 
flourishing manufacturing village of Chepatchet. 
There are in the t. 11 stores, cap. $20,300; 2 cot- 
ton fac. 1,668 sp., 1 tannery, 4 grist m., 12 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $43,600. 24 sch. 596 schol- 
ars. Pop. 2,304. 

Gloucester, t, Gloucester co., N. J., 10 s. e. 
Woodbury. The surface is level, and the soil 
sand, more or less mixed with loam. The n. part 
produces vegetables and fruit, and the s. part 
consists chiefly of pine forest. Drained by Coop- 
er's and Big Timber creeks. It has 13 stores, 
cap. $18,400 ; 2 tanneries, 4 glass fac., 2 flouring 
m., 3 grist m., 1 1 saw m. Cap. in manufactures 
$77,650. 10 sch. 298 scholars. Pop. 2,837. 

Gloucester, C. H., p-v., capital of Gloucester 
CO., Va., 85 E. Richmond, 170 W. It contains a 
court house, jail, clerk's office, an academy for 
males, and another for females, 4 stores, and 126 
inhabitants. There are 8 churches within the 
circumference of 14 miles round the court house, 
2 Episcopal, 2 Baptist, and 4 Methodist. 

Gloucester Furnace, p-v., MuUica t., Atlan- 
tic CO., N. J., 74 s. Trenton, 184 W. It contains 
a store, 1 large furnace, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., and 
300 inhabitants. The furnace produces 800 tons 
annually, chiefly of castings. 

Glover, p-t., Orleans co., Vt., 39 N. N. e. 
Monlpelier, 550 W. Tlie surface is hilly, and the 
soil adapted chiefly to grazing. Watered by the 
head brandies of Bartons, Pasumpsic, Lamoille, 
and Black rivers. It has 1 store, cap! $S,000 ; 1 
fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 3 grist m., 6 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $8,200. 10 sch. 232 scholars. 
Pop. 1,119. 

Gloversville, p-v., Johnstown t., Fulton co., 
N. Y., 40 N. w. Albany, 413 W. It contains 2 
churclies, 2 stores, 1 gi-ist m., 1 saw m., 50 dwell- 
ings, and about 350 inhabitants. Buckskin gloves, 
mittens, and raoccashis, are extensively manufac- 
tured here. 

Glynn, county, Ga. Situated in the s. e part 
of the state, and contains 625 sq. ms. Altamaha 
r. runs on its n. e. border, and Scilla r. runs on 
Us s. border. Watered by Turtle r. and Buf- 
falo creek, its main tributary. It has the At- 
lantic E., and St. Simon's and .Tykill islands on 
Its coast. The surface is level, and some of it is 
too low for niltivation. Capital, Brunswick 
There were in 1840, neat rattle 8,320, sheep 69> 
swine 1,9S0; Ind. com 40,520 bush', produced' 
potatoes 39,410, rice 1,037,200 poimds, cotton 



2,322,000, sugar 2-2,0(X) ; 9 stores, cap. $45,000 ; 1 
grist m., 1 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $42,050. 1 
acad. 40 students. Pop. whites 891, slaves 4,409, 
free col'd 2 ; total, 5,302. 

G.s'ade.vhutton, p-v.. Clay t., Tuscarawas co., 
O., 105 E. N. E. Columbus, 312 W. Situated on 
the E. bank of Tuscarawas r. Originally settled 
by Moravians. The Erie and Ohio canal is about 
a mile w. of the v., on the opposite side of the 
river. It contains 1 Moravian church, 2 stores, 1 
steam saw m., and about 25 dwellings. 

Goat Island, or Iris island, N. Y. Situated 
in Niagara r., at the great falls, dividing the wa- 
ters which descend over this mighty cataract. It 
contains about 75 acres, and is 1 mile in circum- 
ference, mostly covered with forest. (See Niagara 
Falls.) 

Goblentown, p-v., Patrick co., Va., 208 w. s. 
w. Richmond, 283 W. 

Goddard, p-c, Rush co., la., 45 e. s. e. In- 
dianapolis, 543 W. 

Godfrey, p-o., Madison co., 111., 86 s. Spring- 
field, 812 W. 

Goff's Corners, p-o., Cumberland co.. Me., 
32 s. w. Augusta, 576 W. 

Goff's Mills, p-o., Howard t., Steuben co., 
N. Y., 228 w. by s. Albany, 308 W. 

GoFFSTOWN, p-t., Hillsborough co., N. H., 16 
s. Concord, 468 W. The surface is generally 
level, with a few elevations ; and the soil fertile, 
and easily cultivated. Drained by Piscataquoag r., 
which affords water power, and a tributary of the 
Merrimac, which runs on its e. border. Amos- 
keag falls, in the Jlerrimac, are opposite to this 
town, where the r. descends 43 feet 3 inches in 
half a mile, around wliich is a canal. It has 8 
stores, cap. $22,050 ; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 
3 cotton fac 6,000 sp., 3 tanneries, 3 grist m., 9 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $119,515. 1 acad. 45 
students, 11 sch. 815 scholars. Pop. 2,376. 

GoLANUsviLLE, p-0., Caroline co., Va., 33 N. 
Richmond, 90 W. It has a pleasant and healthful 
situation, and contains 1 store, 1 tannery, 1 flour- 
ing m., 1 grist m., 1 saw m., several mechanic 
shops, and about 85 inhabitants. There are 2 
mineral springs in the neighborhood. 

GoLCONDA, p-v., capital, Pope co.. 111., 215 s. s. 
E. Springfield, 796 W. Situated on the s. side 
of Lusk cr., on the n. bank of Ohio r. It contains a 
brick court house, 4 stores, and about 25 dwellings. 

Golden, p-o., Baltimore co., Md., 44 n. Annap- 
olis, 54 W. 

Golden Hill, p-o., Dorchester co., Md. 

Golden Grove, p-o., Greenville (list., S. C, 
121 w. N. w. Columbia, 516 W. 

Golden's Bridge, p-o., Lewisboro' t., West- 
chester CO., N. Y., 120 s. by e. Albany, 278 W. 

Golden Springs, p-o., Anderson dist., S. C, 
131 w. N. w. Columbia, 527 W. 

Golden Valley, p-o., Rutherford co., N. C, 
217 w. s. w. Raleigh, 447 W. 

Gold Hill, p-o., Meriwether co., Ga., 116 w. 
Milledgeville, 734 W. 

Gold Hill, p-o.. Chambers co., Ala., 159 e. s. 
e. Tuscaloosa, 780 W. 

Gold Mine, p-o., Chesterfield dist., S. C, 99 
N. e. Columbia, 458 W. 

GoLDSBOROUGH, p-t., Haucock CO., Me., Ill E. 
Augusta, 693 W. Incorporated in 1789. It con- 
sists chiefly of a peninsula, with the Atlantic 
ocean on the s., Goldsborough bay on the e., and 
Frenchman's bay on the w. It is finely situated 
for navigation, having Prospect harbor, which is 
spacious and easy of access, in its s. E. part. It 
has other good harbors. It contains 3 stores, cap. 
$4,700 ; 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $40,210. 10 sch. 227 scholars. Pop. 1,198 



GOR 



241 



GOS 



GoLDSBORouGH, p-v., Waviie CO., N. C, 51 s. 
E. Raleigh, 231 W. 

Goochland, county, Va. Central in the e. 
part of the state, and contains 300 sq. ms. James 
r. runs on its s. border. The surface is undu- 
lating, and in some places broken ; the soil is 
various, and much of it exhausted, though natu- 
rally good. Drained by Tuckahoe cr., Dover cr., 
Byrd cr., and other small streams, several of 
which afford water power. Coal, of an excellent 
quality, and also gold, have been found in the co.. 
Capital, Goochland C. H. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 5,727, sheep 5,364, swine 11,377; 
wheat 79,617 bush, produced, Ind. corn 259,030, 
oats 170,023, potatoes 10,326, bituminous coal 
433,000, tobacco 4,501,695 pounds, cotton 4,689; 
value of gold produced $1,8(X); 22 stores, cap. 
$30,300 ; 4 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 2 flouring m., 
22 grist m., 14 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,470. 
9 sch. 139 scholars. Pop. whites 3,570, slaves 
5,500, free col'd 690 ; total 9,760. 

GoocHL.\ND, C. H., p-v., capital of Goochland 
CO., Va., 30 w. N. w. Richmond, 130 W. Situa- 
ted 1 mile north of James r. It contains a court 
house, jail, a store, and several dwellings. 

Gooch's Mills, p-o., Cooper co., Mo., 42 n. w. 
JefTerson city, 963 W. 

Goodall's, p-o., Hanover co., Va., 13 n. Rich- 
mond, 117 W. 

Goodbar's. p-o., Overton co., Tenn., 101 e. 
Nashville, 613 W. 

Good Ground, p-v., Southampton t., Suffolk 
CO., N. Y., 242 s. E. Albany, 322 W. It contains 
1 Methodist church, and 6 or 8 dwellings. 

Good Hope, t., Hocking co., O. It contains 2 
paper mills. Pop. 469. 

Good Hope, p-o., Walton co., Ga., 75 n. n. w. 
Milledgeville, 629 W. 

Good Hope, p-o., Noble co., la., 149 n. n. e. 
Indianapolis, 538 W. 

Good Intent, p-o., Gloucester co., N. J., 41 s. 
w. Trenton, 151 W. 

Good Intent, p-o., Washington co., Pa., 231 
w. Harrisburg, 249 W. 

Good Luck, p-o.. Prince George's co., Md.,43 
S. w. Annapolis, 15 W. 

Good Spring, p-o., Williamson co., Tenn., 13 
s. Nashville, 697 W. 

Goodwin's Mills, York co.. Me., 73 s. w. 
Augusta, 524 W. 

GooDWYNSviLLE, p-o., DinwIddie co., Va., 46 
s. Richmond, 165 W. 

Goose Creek, p-o., Smith co., Tenn., 56 e. 
Nashville, 653 W. 

Goose, cr., Va., a branch of Roanoke r., rises 
in the Blue Ridge, 5 s. w. of the Peaks of Otter, 
and after a course of over 30 ms., enters the 
Roanoke, in Campbell co. 

Goose Pond, p-o., Oglethorpe co., Ga., 101 n. 
Milledgeville, 593 W. 

Goose River, p-o., Waldo co., Me., 44 e. Au- 
gusta, 630 W. 

Gordonsville, p-v.. Orange co., Va., 74 n. w. 
Richmond, 104 W. Situated at the e. foot of s. 
w. mountain, on the sources of North Anna r., 
and at the w. termination of the Louisa railroad, 
50 s. w. by w. Fredericksburg. It has a store 
and several dwellings. 

Gordonsville, p-o., Smith co., Tenn., 53 e. 
Nashville, 633 W. 

GoRDONTON, p-o.. Person co., N. C, 64 Ra- 
leigh, 263 W. 

Gordonville, p o.. Brown co., O., 99 s. w. 
Columbus, 472 W. 

GoRHAM, p-t., Cumberland co.. Me., 60 s. w. 
Augusta, 511 W. First settled in 1736. The 
soil is excellent, and well cultivated. It has a 
31 



well endowed and flourishing academy, and con- 
tains 1 tannery, 1 powder m., 3 grist m., 4 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $13,920. 1 acad. 309 stu- 
dents, 23 sch. 1,160 scholars. Pop. 3,001. 

GoRHAM, p-t., Coos CO., N. H., 197 n. Concord, 
586 W. It has a rough surface, lying at the base 
of the White mountains on the n. side, and the 
soil is unproductive. Incorporated in 1836. 
Drained by several small tributaries of Andros- 
coggin r. It has 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $3,550. 2 sch. 44 scholars. 
Pop. 156. 

GoRHAM, p-t., Ontario co., N. Y., 197 w. Al- 
bany, 340 W. The surface is undulating ; and 
the soil, fertile and well cultivated. Drained by 
Flint cr., and small tributaries of Canandaigua 
lake. It contains several small villages. It has 
3 stores, cap. $7,000 ; 3 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 3 
grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $11,015. 1 
acad. 120 students, 21 sch. 923 scholars. Pop. 
2,779. 

GoRHAM, p-t., Lucas CO., O., 180 n. w. Colum- 
bus, 511 W. Situated on the n. border of the 
state. Drained by Tiffin's r. It has 3 sch. 95 
scholars. Pop. 343. 

Gorntos, p-o., Lowndes co., Ga., 286 s. Mil- 
ledgeville, 901 W. 

Gorton, p-o., Carroll co., O., 138 E. n. e. Co- 
lumbus, 291 W. 

Goshen, p-t., Sullivan co., N. H., 40 w. by n. 
Concord, 48.) W. Sunapee mountain lies in its 
s. E. part. Drained by branches of Sugar r., a 
tributary of Connecticut r. The soil is well 
adapted to grazing. It has 2 stores, cap. $4,000 ; 
1 tannery, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $2,045. 10 sch. 267 scholars. Pop. 779. 

Goshen, p-t., Hampshire co., Mass., 12 n. w. 
Northampton, 105 w. by n. Boston, 393 W. The 
surface is mountainous. Some minerals, as 
emeralds, lead, and tin, are found here. It has 1 
store, 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $6,000. 5 sch. 204 scholars. Pop. 
556. 

Goshen, p-t., Litchfield co., Ct., 6 n. Litchfield, 
33 w. by n. Hartford, 332 W. The surface is 
elevated, and moderately uneven, and it is a fine 
grazing town, with some of the largest dairies in 
the state. It has 5 stores, cap. $50,000 ; 5 tanne- 
ries, 1 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$32,770. 1 acad. 50 students, 15 sch. 426 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,529. 

Goshen, t., Addison co., Vt., 31 s. w. Montpe- 
lier. The surface is mountainous, with some 
good land. Watered by Leicester r. Iron ore 
and oxide of manganese are found. Chartered 
in 1792, rechartered in 1798. It has 6 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $3,400. 7 sch. 230 scholars. 
Pop. 621. 

Goshen, p-t., semi-capital of Orange co., N. Y., 
105 s. by vv. Albany, 278 W. The surface is 
hilly, with some extensive flats. The soil is a 
fertile loam, specially adapted to grazing. Great 
quantities of excellent butter are produced here 
for the New York city market, where it is in high 
repute. The v. is situated on a plain, and was 
incorporated in 1809. It contains a court house, 
jail, county clerk's office, bank, 1 Presbyterian 
and 1 Episcopal church, 15 stores, 1 tannery, a 
flourishing academy, with a female seminary 
connected, 150 dwellings, and about 900 inhabit- 
ants. The New York and Erie railroad is com- 
pleted from Piermont, on the Hudson r., 45 ms. 
to this place. There are in the t. 22 stores, cap. 
,$29,045 ; 1 fulling ra., 2 tanneries, 4 distilleries, 
2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers, 4 grist 
m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $42,100. 5 acad. 
306 studente, 12 sch. 425 scholars. Fop. 3,889. 



GOS 



242 



GRA 



Goshen, p-v., Middle t., Cape May co., N. J., 
89 s. Trenlon, 199 W. Situated near the head 
of navigation, on Goshen cr., 3 ms. from its en- 
trance into Delaware bay. 

GosiiEN, p-v., Lancaster co., Pa., 58 e. s. e. 
Harrisburg, 93 W. 

Goshen, L, Tuscarawas co., O. It lies on both 
sides of Tuscarawas r., and contains the villages 
of New Pliiladelphia and Lockport. It has 9 
stores, cap. $15,900 ; 2 tanneries, 1 pottery, 1 
printing office, 1 weelvly newspaper, 1 flouring 
m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $56,500. 11 
sch. 782 scholars. Pop. 1,835. 

GosiiEN, p-t., Clermont co., O., 100 s. w. Co- 
lumbus, 472 W. It is a valuable agricultural t. 
The V. contains 2 brick churches — 1 Presbyte- 
rian and 1 Methodist — several mills moved by 
horse power, 15 or 20 mechanic shops, 60 dwel- 
lings, nni about 300 inhabitants. A Macadam- 
ized road connects it with Cincinnati. The t. 
contains 4 stores, cap. $5,550 ; 1 tannery. Cap. 
in manufac. $3,700. 1 acad. 34 students, 1 sell. 
40 scholars. Pop. 1,442. 

Goshen, t., Allen co., O. Pop. 236. 

Goshen, t., Belmont co., O. The surface is 
uneven, and the soil is good. Watered by head 
branches of Captina and Mc3Iahon's creeks, 
which afford water power. It has 3 sch. 40 
scholars. Pop. 1,830. 

Goshen, t.. Champaign co., O. It contains 
the V. of Mechanicsburg. It has 2 stores, cap. 
$5,000 ; 2 tanneries, 2 flouring m., 3 saw m., 6 
sch. 136 scholars. Pop. 1,407. 

Goshen, t., Columbiana co., O. Situated a 
few miles n. w. New Lisbon, and contains a part 
of the v. of Damascus. It has 5 sch. 185 scholars. 
Pop. 1,392. 

Goshen, t., Hardin co., O. It has 1 tannery, 
1 saw m., 3 sch. ICJ scholars. Pop. 550. 

Goshen, p-v., Lincoln co., Ga., 53 n. e. Mil- 
ledgeville, 93 W. It contains a Baptist church, 
an academy, and about 12 dwellings. 

Goshen, p-v., Benton co., Ala., 157 s. e. Tus- 
caloosa, 690 W. 

Goshen, p-v., capital of Elkhart co., la., 152 n. 
by E. Indianapolis, 690 W. Situated on e. side 
of Elkhart r. It contains a court house, jail, and 
several stores and dwellings. 

Goshen, p-v., Putnam co.. 111. 

Goshen, t., Macon co.. Mo. Pop. 718. 

Goshen Mills, p-o., Montgomery co., Md., 64 
W. N. w. Aimapolis, 33 W. 

Goshen Hill, p-o., Union dist., S. C, 53 n. 
w. Columbia, 480 VV. 

Goshenville, p-o., Chester co., Pa., 77 E. s. 
E. Harrisburg, 122 W. 

GospoRT, t., Rockingham co., N. H. It in- 
cludes the Isles of Shoals, 7 in number, 8 miles 
from Portsmouth, in tlie Atlantic. A sea wall 
connects Star isle wilh Smutty isle, built at the 
expense of the U. States government, formmg a 
safe harbor on the n. w. side. The islands are 
inhabited chiefly by fishermen. It has $1,500 
invested m the fisheries. 1 sch. 50 scholars. 
Pop. 115. 

GospoRT, v., Norfolk co., Va. Situated in the 

f ^^^'TA'y "'" ",^'' '■'"=*?« "^ Portsmouth, opposite 
to Norfolk, on the s. side of Elizaheih r. The 
United States have here an extensive navy yard 
and a large and expensive dry dock, capable of 
receiving a seventy-four gun ship 

^^°%^'l^T^'°^■^^''''^? •=°' ^'''•' 1« s- Tusca- 
loosa, 936 W. Situated on the w. side of the 
Alabama river. 

^°^7,Vvi?-^-'c°'''''V°' ^=*' 42 s- w. Indian- 
apolis, 613 W. Situated on w. side of White r 
It has 2 stores, and about 73 inhabitants. 



Gouverneur, p-t., St. Lawrence co., N. Y, 
181 N. w. Albany, 450 W. The surface is gen- 
erally level, and the soil fertile. Watered by 
Oswegatchie river. The v. is situated on Oswe- 
gatchie r., and contains 2 churches, 4 stores, 1 
grist m., 1 saw m., the " Gouverneur Wesleyan 
Seminary," 60 dwellings, and about 450 inhabit- 
ants. There are in the t., 3 stores, cap. $10,700; 
1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,200. 1 
acad. 213 students, 12 sch. 392 scholars. Pop. 
2,538. 

GovENSTOWN, p-v., Baltimore co., Md., 34 n. 
Annapolis, 44 W. 

Governors Island, N. Y., is situated in the 
harbor of New York, 3,200 feet s. of the Battery, 
and contains 70 acres of ground, belonging to the 
United States. It contains Castle Williams, on 
the N. w. point of the island, a round tower 600 
feet in circumference and 60 feet high, with 3 
tiers of guns ; Fort Columbus on the summit of 
the island, in the form of a star, mounting 105 
heavy cannon, and a battery on the s. w. part, 
commanding the entrance through Buttermilk 
channel. The above fortifications, when fully 
garrisoned, would require 800 men. There are 
extensive barracks, with houses for the officers, 
occupied by a small garrison. 

GowANUs, v., Broolilyn, Kings co., N. Y. It 
consists of a scattered settlement around Gowan- 
nus bay, in the s. part of Brooklyn. On the high 
ground to the e., is the Greenwood Cemetery, 
consisting of 200 acres of ground, which is highly 
picturesque, and affords extensive and beautiful 
views. It is designed to be appropriately orna- 
mented. The V. contains 3 churches, 1 store, 
and 30 or 40 dwellings. 

Goodevsville, p-o.. Union dist., S. C, 81 n. 
w. Columbia, 450 W. 

GowENSviLLE, p-v., Spartanburg dist, S. C, 
133 N. w. Columbia, 477 W. 

Graceham, p-v., Frederick CO., Md., 87 n. w. 
Annapolis, 58 W. 

Grafton, county, N. H. Situated toward the 
N. w. part of the state, is bounded w. by Con- 
necticut r., and contains 1,740 sq. ms. Watered 
by Pemigewasset and Lower Ammonoosuck riv- 
ers, and smaller streams. Sq nam and Newfound 
lakes are considerable bodies of water, the for- 
mer of which lies partly in Carroll co., and 
presents much picturesque scenery. The surface 
is mountainous, but contains much good land. 
Organized in 1771. Capital, Haverhill. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 49,996, sheep 174,664, 
swine 26,090 ; wheat 100,231 bush, produced, rye 
49,864, Ind. corn 135,683, buckwheat 25,991, bar- 
ley 7,198, oats 382,581, potatoes 1,191,518, sugar 
340,477 pounds ; 99 stores, cap. $303,800 ; 1 fur- 
nace, 1 forge, 31 fulling m,, 13 woollen fac, 36 
tanneries, 5 potteries, 57 grist m., 196 saw m., 1 
oil m., 2 paper fac, 3 printing offices, 2 binderies, 
1 periodical, 2 weekly newspapers. Capital in 
manufac. $673,764. 1 college, 404 students, 6 
acad. 476 students, 369 sch. 14,047 scholars. Pop. 
42,311. 

Grafton, p-t., Grafton co., N. H., 33 n. w. 
Concord, 504 W. The surface is hilly or moun- 
tainous, and the soil rocky, with some good land. 
Glass mountain, which on one side rises nearly 
perpendicularly 150 feet, furnishes mica, or isin- 
glass, whicli is procured in plates 6 inches square 
or more, and is exported. It has 3 stores, cap. 
$6,200 ; 1 fulling m., 3 grist m., 9 saw m., 11 sch. 
455 scholars. Pop. 1,201. 

Grafton, p-t., Windham co., Vt., 109 s. Mont- 
pelier, 456 W. The surface is uneven, and the 
soil is productive. Watered by Sexton's and 
Williams's rivers. Soapstone of a fine quality is 



GRA 



243 



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extensively found, and wrought and exported. It 
has 3 stores, cap. $J,500 ; 3 fulling m., 2 woollen 
fac, 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $23,735. 13 sch. 436 scholars. Pop. 
1,3-26. 

Grafton, p-t., Worcester co., Mass., 36 s. w. 
by w. Boston, 406 W. It has an excellent soil, 
and a fine location. Watered by Blackstone r., 
which, with a tributary, affords water power. 
The Boston and Worcester railroad passes 
through its n. part, and the Blackstone canal 
through its s. w. corner. It has 6 stores, cap. 
$28,000 ; 4 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 5 cotton fac. 
22,930 sp., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $130,400. 10 sch. 468 scholars. Pop. 
2,943. 

Grafton, p-t., Rensselaer co., N. Y., 20 n. e. 
Albany, 390 W. The surface is hilly, and the 
soil a clay loam, with a heavy natural growth of 
limber. Watered by Poeston kill, and other small 
streams. There are in the t., 1 grist m., 13 saw 
m., 4 oil m., 12 sch. 398 scholars. Pop. 2,019. 

Grafton, p-t., Loraine co., O., 118 n. n. e. Co- 
lumbus, 363 W. It has 4 sch. 164 scholars. Pop. 
713. 

Grafton, p-v., Jersey co., 111., 85 s. by w. 
Springfield, 826 W. 

Graham, p-o., Minisink t.. Orange co., N. Y. 

Graham's Forge, p-o., Lincoln co., N. C. 

Graham's Station, p-v., Sutton t., Meigs co., 
O., 103 s. E. Columbus, 338 W. 

Graham's Turn Out, p-o., Barnwell dist., S. 
C, 81 s. s. w. Columbia, 5S7 W. 

Grahamsville, p-o., Neversink t., Sullivan 
CO., N. Y., 96 s. by w. Albany, 312 W. 

Grahamsville, p-v., Beaufort dist., S. C, 144 
8. Columbia, 629 W. 

Grahamsville, p-o., Yorkco., Pa., 45 s. Har- 
risburg, 95 W. 

Grampian Hills, p-o., Clearfield co., Pa., 138 
N. w. Harrisburg, 230 W. 

Granger, county. Term. Situated toward the 
E. part of the state, and contains 320 sq. miles. 
Clinch r. runs on its n. w. border, and Holston r. 
runs through and along the s. e. part. The sur- 
face is hilly and rough, but along the rivers is 
fine land. A ridge of hills extends through the 
county, between the rivers. Capital, Rutledge. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 8,233, sheep 9,119, 
swine 30,268 ; wheat 50,409 bush, produced, rye 
1,166, Ind. corn 391,015, oats 121,922, potatoes 
10,920, tobacco 21,495 pounds, cotton 12,701, su- 
gar 13,424; 18 stores, cap. $91,000; 1 forge, 3 
woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 128 sp., 10 tanneries, 
42 distilleries, 7 flouring m., 25 grist m., 20 saw 
m., 2 oil m., 1 paper fac. Cap. in manufactures, 
$67,335. 12 schools 196 scholars. Pop- 
ulation, whites 9,521, slaves 917, free col'd 134 ; 
total, 10,572. 

Granby, t., Essex co., Vt. This t. was char- 
tered in 1761, and was first settled in 1800 ; and 
during a succession of cold seasons, following the 
year 1810, it was nearly abandoned, but has since 
been resettled. Watered by head branches of 
Paul's stream, and of Moose r. The country 
around is thinly settled. It has 2 sch. 43 schol- 
ars. Pop. 105. 

Granby, p-t., Hampshire co., Mass., 9 s. e. 
Northampton, 85 w. by s. Boston, 375 W. In- 
corporated in 1768. The soil is adapted to graz- 
ing. It has some woollen manufactures. Cop- 
per ore is said to be found here. It has 1 store, 
cap. $1,000; 2 woollen fac, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $19,665. 6 sch. 280 scholars. 
Pop. 971. 

Granby, p-t., Hartford co., Ct., 16 n. n. w. Hart- 
ford, 352 W. Incorporated in 1786. Iii this t. 



are Simsbury copper mines, formerly wrought, 
but afterwards occupied as the Connecticut state 
prison. The pit or cavern, 50 feet deep, was the 
place of nocturnal confinement ; but this misera- 
ble hole has been exchanged for a fine state pris- 
on at Wethersfield. Watered by Farmington r. 
and its branches. The surface ishilly and rough, 
but it has some good land, and 2 pleas.int villages. 
It has 6 stores, cap. $31,500 ; 2 fulling m., 1 wool- 
len lac, 3 tanneries, 18 distillerie.'^, 3 grist m., 7 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $85,200. 2 acad. 27 
students, l-f sch. 360 scholars. Pop. 2,611. 

Granby, p-t., Oswego co., N. Y., 158 w. n. w. 
Albany. The surface is undulating, and the soil 
a sandy loam, with heavy timber of pine, oak, 
maple, beech, &c. Watered by Oswego r. and 
some smaller streams. It has 2 stores, capital 
$7,000 ; 1 tannery, 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
S16,405. 16 sch. 696 scholars. Pop. 2,385. 

Granby, po.. Licking co., O., 38 e. by n. Co- 
lumbus, 391 W. 

Grand, p-t., Marion co., O., 58 n. by w. Co- 
lumbus, 429 W. Grand post-office is situated at 
Burlington v. in Grand t. This v. contains 2 
stores, about 35 dwellings, and 175 inhabitants. 
There are in the t., 2 stores, cap. $4,000 ; 4 tan- 
neries, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. C'ap. in manufac. 
$5,050. 4 sch. 160 scholars. Pop. 605. 

Grand Blanc, p-t., Genesee co., Mich., 53 N. 
w. Detroit, 577 W. It has 4 stores, 10 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $18,700. Pop. 782. 

Grand Cove, p-o., Natchitoches par.. La. 

Grand Coteau, p-o., St. Landry par., La., 205 
w. New Orleans, 1,254 W. 

Grand Detour, p-v.. Ogle co.. 111., 167 n. 
Springfield, 827 W. Situated on the e. side of 
Rock r. It contains 1 church, and several stores 
and dwellings. 

Grand Gulf, p-v., Claiborne co.. Miss., 65 s. 
by w. Jackson, 1,075 W. Situated on Grand 
Gulf, a remarkable bend in the Mississippi r., 50 
ms. by road above Natchez, and 360 by the river 
above New Orleans. It contains 2 cliurciies — 1 
Presbyterian and 1 Slethodist — 26 stores, a bank, 
town hall, market-house, hospital, masonic hall, 
theatre, 1 cotton press, 1 iron foundry, 2 steam 
saw ra., 200 dwellings, and 1,000 inhabitants. 

Grand Haven, p-v., Ottawa t., capital of Ot- 
tawa CO., Mich., 213 w. by n. Detroit, 694 W. 
Situated on the s. bank of Grand r., one fourth 
of a mile from its entrance into Lake IMichigan, 
between which and the lake are sand hills. It 
has a court house, used also as a church and for 
schools, 3 stores, 5 large ware or forwarding 
houses, 1 tannery, and 2 steam saw m. A steam- 
boat of 100 tons plies between this place and 
Grand Rapids. Several sloops are owned here. 
Steamboats and vessels from Chicago to Detroit 
touch here on their passage. It has the best har- 
bor on this side of the peninsula, with a depth of 
from 15 to 30 feet, and never less than 12 feet. 

Grand Isle, county, Vt., in the n. w. part of 
the state, contains about 80 sq. ms. It consists 
chiefly of 2 large islands in Lake Champlain, and 
the towni of Alburg, situated on a point of land 
projecting into Lake Champlain i'rom Canada. 
The surface is moderately swelling, and the soil 
very fertile, and well cultivated. Organized in 
1802. Capital, North Hero. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 5,463, sheep 27,451, swine 3,179; 
wheat 21,430 bush, produced, rye 9,504, Ind corn 
13,816, buckwheat 9,216, barley 1,655, oats 43,430, 
potatoes 76,408, sugar 34,478 pounds ; 8 stores, 
cap. $13,100; 4 tanneries, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $3,430. 26 sch. 1,601 scbulars. 
Pop. 3,883. 

Grand Isle, p-t., Grand Isle co., Vt., 66 n. w. 



GRA 



244 



GRA 



Montpelier, 539 W. This t. consists of the n. 
half of the largest of 2 large islands in I^ake 
Champlain. Organized in 1809. The soil is 
fertile, producing abundant grain and fruits. It 
has a grist m. on a small mill stream, the only 
one in the co. It has a Congregational and a 
Methodist church. Marble and limestone, and 
rock crystals are found here. It has 1 store, 
cap. Sl,'200; 1 tannery. Pop. 724. 

Grand Island, Niagara Strait, N. Y., torn- 
prises a part of Tonewanda t., Erie co., situated 
in Niagara r., 3 ms. below Black Rock, and ex- 
tending within 3 ms. of Niagara falls. It is 9 
ms. long, and in its widest part, 6 wide. The 
surface is level, and the soil excellent for grain 
or grass, and easy ot cultivation. It is chiefly 
covered with a heavy growth of white oak, beech, 
maple, hickory, elm, ash, black oak, &c. It con- 
tains 17,381 acres, of which 12 or 1,500 are culti- 
vated. It has an extensive steam grist m., and 
a steam saw m. with 6 gangs of saws. 

Grand Lake, p-o., Cliicot co., Ark., 167 s. by 
E. Little Rock, 1,177 W. Situated on w. side of 
the Mississippi r., near a lake of the same name. 

Grand Pass, p-o.. Saline co., Mo., 103 n. n. w. 
Jefferson city, 1,017 W. Situated 3 s. of Missouri r. 

Grand Prairie, t., Marion co., O. It has 1 
tannery, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$550. 4 sch. 170 scholars. Pop. 717. 

Grand, r., Mich. This is the largest river 
running wholly within the peninsula. Two prin- 
cipal branches unite in Jackson co., a little above 
Jackson v., and it pursues a winding north- 
wardly and westwardly course, until it enters 
Lake Michigan, at Grand Haven, in Ottawa co. 
It is 270 ms. long, and about 60 rods wide at its 
mouth, admitting vessels drawing 12 feet of water. 
It is navigable for steamboats 40 miles to the 
Grand Rapids, and for batteaux 240 miles. 

Grand, r., Mo., rises in Iowa ter., and flow- 
ing s. E. enters the Missouri, 240 ms. from its 
mouth. It is navigable for boats, 100 miles. 

Grand River, t., Caldwell co.. Mo. Pop. 302. 

Grand River, t., Livingston co., Mo. It has 

1 sch. 15 scholars. Pop. 173. 
Grand River, t.. Van Buren co., Mo. It has 

2 sch. 55 scholars. Pop. 650. 
Grand River, t., Carroll co., Mo. Pop. 1,064. 
Grand River, t., Henry co., Mo. It has 3 

sch. 62 scholars. Pop. 999. 

Grand Traverse Bay, is a considerable inlet 
from Lake Michigan, toward the s. part of the 
peninsula. 

Grand View, p-t., Washington co., O., 141 s. 
E. Columbus, 278 VV. Situated on the Ohio r., 
25 ms. above Marietta. The portion on the r. 
consists of fertile bottoms ; the uplands are 
broken, and adapted to grazing. It has 2 sch. 50 
scholars. Pop. 514. 
Grand View, p-v., Louisa co., Iowa. 
Grand View, p-v., Edgar co.,Ill.,l 14 e. Spring- 
field, 675 W. Situated near the head waters of 
Big cr., surrounded by a beautiful and fertile roll- 
ing prairie. 

Grandville, p-v., Kent co., Mich., 175 w.by 
N. Detroit, 656 W. Situated at the junction of 
Buck and Rush creeks, and contains 3 stores, 7 
saw m., and about 200 inhabitants. Schooners 
and steamboats of the largest class ascend to this 
place, and smaller boats as far as the ranids 
Fu-st settled in 1835. ^ ' 

Granger, p-t., Alleghany co., N. Y 10 n 
Angelica, 250 w. by s. Albany. The surface is 
undulating ; soil, sandy and clay loam. Drained 
by Genesee r. and its branches. It has 2 stores 
cap. $3,5(X) ; 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $1,500. 11 sch. 452 scholars. Pop. 1 064 



Granger, p-t., Medina co., O., 131 n. e. Colum- 
bus, 347 W. It has 7 sch. 323 scholars. Pop. 956. 
Granger, p-o.. Will co., 111. 
Grangersville, p-o., Saratoga t., Saratoga 
CO., N. Y., 37 N. Albany, 409 W. 
Grangerville, p-o., Macon co., Ga. 
Grant, county, Ky. Situated in the n. part 
of the state, and contains 184 sq. ms. Drained 
by Eagle cr., a branch of Kentui>ky r., which 
runs through its w. part. Capital, Williamstown. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 3,598, sheep 
6,233, swine 12,774; wheat 32,303 bush, pro- 
duced, rye 3,532, Ind. corn 244,476, oats 26,383, 
potatoes 6,116, tobacco 243,325 pounds, sugar 
25,185; 9 stores, cap. $11,400; 1 woollen fac, 
3 tanneries, 1 flouring m., 9 grist m., 8 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $25,135. 5 sch. 97 scholars. 
Pop. whites 3,833, slaves 348, free col'd 6; total, 
4,191. 

Grant, county, la. Central in the n. part of 
the state, and contains 415 sq. ms. Organized in 
1831. The surface is level, and generally cov- 
ered with timber. Drained by Missisinewa r. 
and its tributaries, a branch of the Wabash. 
Capital, Marion. There were in 1810, neat cat- 
tle 5,877, sheep 4,736, swine 18,846; wheat 
22,733 bush, produced, Ind. corn 217,543, buck- 
wheat 1,299, oats 30,707, potatoes 16,030, sugar 
50,187 pounds; 11 stores, cap. $32,900 ; 2 tanne- 
ries, 1 distillery, 11 grist m., 13 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $27,104. 4 sch. 86 scholars. Pop. 4,875. 
Grant, county, Wis. Situated in the s. w. 
part of the ter., and contains nearly 1,200 sq. ms. 
It has Wisconsin r. on its n. border, and the Mis- 
sissippi on its w. and s. w. border. The soil is 
highly productive, and it abounds in lead ore. 
Drained by Blue, Grant, and Platte rivers. Cap- 
ital, Lancaster. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
4,197, sheep 463, swine 8,645; wheat 10,796 
bush, produced, Ind. corn 100,055, barley 3,246, 
oats 65,400, potatoes 74,629, sugar 1,355 pounds ; 
32 stores, cap. $74,950 ; 17 smelting houses, pro- 
ducing 6,020,350 pounds lead, 1 brewery, 2 
flouring m., 3 grist m., 11 sawm. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $55,471. 10 sch. 383 scholars. Population, 
3,926. 

Grantham, p-t., Sullivan co., N. H., 54 w. n. 
w. Concord, 484 W. Croydon mountain lies in 
the w. part of the t. It has several ponds, from 
one of which flows a head branch of Sugar r. 
The soil is fertile ; the low lands adapted to til- 
lage, and the mountain to grazing. It contains 
a medicinal spring. It has 1 store, cap. $1,000 ; 
1 tannery, 1 grist m., 3 saw ra., 7 sch. 350 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,036. 

Grantsboro, p-o., Campbell co., Tenn., 201 
Nashville, 507 W. 

Grant s Creek, p-o., Switzerland co., la., 99 
s. E. Indianapolis, 530 W. Situated on the n. 
side of the Ohio r. 

Granville, county, N. C. Situated in the n. 
part of the state, and contains 828 sq. ms. Drained 
by Tar r., and by branches of Roanoke r. and 
Neuse r. Capital, Oxford. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 13,727, sheep 14,234, swine 36,422 ; 
wheat 51,938 bush, produced, rye 1,174, Ind. com 
556,530, oats 140,905, potatoes 27,068, tobacco 
3,918,822 pounds, cotton 479,499 ; 27 stores, cap. 
$184,450; 5 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 10 flouring 
m., 46 grist m., 27 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$99,628. 6 acad. 163 students, 18 sch. 225 schol- 
ars. Pop. whites 9,309, slaves 8,707, free col'd 
801 ; total, 18,817. 

Granville, p-t., Addison co., Vt., 35 s. s. w. 
Montpelier, 490 W. The surface is mountain- 
ous. Chartered in 1780, by the name of Kings- 
ton. Watered by head branches of White r. 



GRA 



245 



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one of which has a fall of K>0 feet, 50 feet of the 
lower part being perpendicular. It has 1 store, 
cap. $4,000 5 1 saw m., 7 sch. 255 scholars. Pop. 
545. 

Granville, t., Hampden co., Mass., 120 s. by 
w. Boston. The surface is elevated, and the 
soil is fertile. Toward the s. e. part is a pleas- 
ant v., which contains 2 churches — 1 Congrega- 
tional and I Baptist. There are in the t. 5 stores, 
cap. $6,700 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 1 distille- 
rv, 1 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$1,200. 9 sch. 370 scholars. Pop. 1,414. 

Granville, p-t., Washington co., N. Y., 63 
N. N. E. Albany, 433 W. The surface is moder- 
ately uneven and broken ; soil, a fertile clay 
loam. Drained by Pawlet r., whicli flows into 
Lake Champlain. The v. is situated near the 
Vermont line, and contains 3 churches — 1 Episco- 
pal, 1 Methodist, and 1 Friends — 6 stores, 1 wool- 
len fac, 1 grist m., and 1 tannery, 90 dwellings, 
and 500 inhabitants. There are in the t. 8 stores, 
cap. $55,100; 3 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 1 cot- 
ton fac. 1,453 sp., 3 tanneries, 1 pottery, 3 grist 
m., 2 flouring m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$74,630. 2 acad. 150 students, 18 sch. 957 schol- 
ars. Pop. 3,846. 

Granville, p-t., Bradford co.. Pa., 147 n. e. 
Harrisburg, 257 W. It has 1 grist m., 4 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $3,560. 3 sch. 185 scholars. 
Pop. 651. 

Granville, t., Mifflin co.. Pa. It has 1 fur- 
nace, 2 distilleries, 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $11,245. 7 sch. 185 scholars. Pop. 1,016. 

Granville, p-t.. Licking co., O., 34 n. e. Co- 
lumbus, 373 W. This flourishing t. was settled 
in 1805, by emigrants from Granville, Mass. The 
V. is situated on the E. fork of Licking r., and 
contains 3 churches, 1 male and 2 female acad- 
emies, 1 bank, 1 foundry, 1 furnace, and 2 mills, 
2 acad. 315 students, 1 sch. 200 scholars, 100 
dwellings, and 727 inhabitants. One mile e. of 
the V. is Granville College, a literary and theo- 
logical institution, under the direction of the 
Baptists, founded in 1832, has a president, and 4 
professors or other instructors, 20 students, and 
3,000 vols, in its hbraries. The commencement 
is on the 2d Wednesday in August. There are 
in the t. 1 acad. 178 students, 8 sch. 400 scholars. 
Pop. 1,52S. 

Granville, p-v., Monongalia co., Va., 298 n. 
w. Richmond, 220 W. Situated on Dunkard cr., 
on the w. side of Monongalia r. It has 1 church, 
free to all denominations, 3 stores, 2 warehouses, 
various mechanic shops, 25 dwellings, and about 
125 inhabitants. 

Granville, p-v., Delaware co., la., 68 n. e. 
Indianapolis, 53J W. On the s. w. side of the 
Missisinewa r. 

Granville, p-v., Jackson co., Tenn., 64 e. 
Nashville, 642 W. Situated on the E. bank of 
the Cumberland r. 

Granville, p-v., Platte co., Mo. Situated on 
the E. side of the Missouri r. 

Granville, t., Milwaukee co., Wis. It has 1 
grist m. Cap. in manufac. $1,000. Pop. 225. 

Grape Island, p-o., Tyler co., Va., 330 n. w. 
Richmond, 286 W. 

Grape Grove, p-t., Ray co.. Mo., 154 n. w. 
Jefferson city, 1,057 W. Pop. f 34. 

Grape Spring, p-o., Hamilton co., Tenn., 147 
S. E. Nashville, 603 W. 

Grape Vine, p-o.. Perry co., Ky., 143 s. e. 
Frankfort, 5-28 W. 

Grass Hills, p-o., Carroll county, Ky., 50 n. 
Frankfort, 548 W. 

Grass Lake, p-t., Jackson co., Mich., 67 s. w. 
Detroit, 542 W. Situated on the outlet of Grass 



Lake. It has 2 stores, cap. $6,000 ; 1 acad. 75 
students, 3 sch. 132 scholars. Pop. 1,127. 

Grass Land, po., Harrison co., Va., 249 N. w. 
Richmond, 233 W. 

Grassv Creek, po., Pendleton co., Ky., 72 s. 
E. Frankfort, 518 W. 

Grassy Cove, p-o., Bledsoe co., Tenn., 120 e. 
s. E. Nashville, 563 W. 

Grassy Point, p-v., Rockland co., N. Y., 109 
s. Albany, 277 W. It has a convenient steam- 
boat landing on the w. side of Hudson r., 1 store, 
an extensive brick yard, and 12 or 15 dwellings. 

Grassy Pond, p-o., Spartanburg dist., S. C. 

Grass, r., N. Y., rises in the e. part of St. Law- 
rence county, and flows northwardly into the St. 
Lawrence r., on the n. boundary of the state. 

Gratiot, county, Mich. Situated in the cen- 
tral part of the state, and contains 576 sq. ms. It 
has an undulating surface, and a good soil, well 
timbered, and with pine in the n. part. Watered 
by Maple and Pine rivers. Unorganized. 

Gratiot, p-v., Hopewell t., Licking co., O., 42 
E. Columbus, 351 W. It is pleasantly situated in 
an elevated and commanding position, on the na- 
tional road, and contains 1 brick church, 12 stores, 
a number of mechanic shops, 1 steam saw m., 1 
carding machine, 50 dwellmgs, and about 250 in- 
habitants. 

Gratiot's Grove, p-o., Iowa co., Wis., 9 w. 
Madison, 876 W. 

Gratis, p-t., Preble co., O., 92 w. Columbus, 
4S5 W. It has a fertile soil, and is highly culti- 
vated. Pop. 1,931. 

Gratitude, p-o., Sussex co., N. J.,74 n. Tren- 
ton, 231 W. 

Gratz, p-v., Lykens t., Dauphin co., Pa., 48 n. 
Harrisburg, 153 W. It contains 3 stores and 
about 40 dwellings. 

Graves, county, Ky. Situated in the w. part 
of the state, and contains 660 sq. ms. Surface, 
level; soil, fertile. Capital, Mayfield. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 8,111, sheep 6,781, 
swine 25,212 ; wheat 36,719 bush, produced, rye 
1,293, Ind. corn 386,840, oats 82,843, potatoes 
12,147, tobacco 464,372 pounds, cotton 123,332; 
10 stores, cap. $31,400 ; 1 woollen fac, 4 cotton 
fac, 3 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 1 pottery, 17 grist 
m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $31,740. 17 sch. 
401 scholars. Pop. whites 6,644, slaves 817, free 
col'd 4 ; total, 7,465. 

Grave Creek, p-o., Marshall co., Va., 352 n. 
w. Richmond, 266 W. 

Gravel Hill, p-o., Buckingham co., Va., 67 
w. Richmond, 249 W. 

Gravel Hill, p-o., McNairy co., Tenn. 

Gravel Spring, p-o., Frederick co., Va., 165 
N. w. Richmond, 93 W. 

Gravelly Hill, p-o., Bladen co., N. C, 121 
s. Raleigh, 351 W. 

Gravesend, t.. Kings co., N. Y., 9 s. N. York. 
The surface is level, having much salt marsh. It 
has a few sand hills near the shore. Coney Isl- 
and lies in front of it, with a full exposure to the 
Atlantic, and is much resorted to for sea bathing. 
The V. contains a Dutch Reformed church, and 
about 15 houses. The t. contains 2 stores, cap. 
$3,000 ; 2 sch. 86 scholars. Pop. 799. 

Graves Mt., a conical peak, about 800 feet 
high, in the w. part of Lincoln co., Ga. 

Graves' Landing, p-o., Lowndes co., Ala., 
110 s. E. Tuscaloosa, 850 W. 

Graves Mill, p-o., Madison co., Va., 105 n. 
w. Richmond, 106 W. 

Gray I, p-o., Morgan co.. Mo., 56 w. Jefferson 
city, 992 W. 

Gray, p-t., Cumberland co.. Me., 47 s. w. Au- 
gusta, 561 W. This is a fine farming t. It has 9 



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246 



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stores, cap. $5,000 ; 2 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 
3 tanneries, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in rnanu- 
fac. $5,500. 11 sch. 702 scholars. Pop. 1,740. 

Gray, t., Gasconade co.. Mo. Pop. 1,074. 

Gravson, county, Va. Situated in the s., and 
toward the w. part of the state, and contains 927 
sq. ms. Drained by Great Kanawha r., here call 
ed New r., and its branches. It is elevated about 
1,600 feet above the level of the ocean. Capital, 
Greenville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
13,935, sheep 18,253, swine 21,502; wheat 27,868 
bush, produced, rye 16,958, Ind. corn 219,217, 
buckwheat 15,219, oats 142,715, potatoes 34,384 ; 
11 stores, cap. $40,125 ; 3 forges, 5 woollen fac, 
S tanneries, 20 distilleries, 76 grist m., 21 saw m., 
1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $5,350. 1 acad. 120 
students, 10 sch. 252 scholars. Pop. whites 8,542, 
slaves 492, free col'd 53 ; total, 9,087. 

Gravson, county, Ky. Central in the w. part 
of the state. It contains 800 sq. ms. A branch 
of Green r. runs on its n. border. Capital, May- 
field. There were in 1840, neat cattle 6,163, 
sheep 7,337, swine 15,199; wheat 18,907 bush, 
produced, rye 473, Ind. corn 141,845, oats 58,509, 
potatoes 4,842, tobacco 242,372 pounds, sugar 
30,138; 17 stores, cap. $34,405; 3 tanneries, 5 
distilleries, 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $16,375. 6 sch. 209 scholars. Pop. whites 
4,262, slaves 199; total, 4,461. 

Grayson, p-v., capital of Carter co., Ky., 128 
K. Frankfort, 432 W. Situated h m. w. of Little 
Sandy r. It has a court house, 8 or 10 houses, 
and 50 inhabitants. 

Grayson, C. H., p-v., capital of Grayson co., 
Va., called also Greenville, 261 s. Richmond, 336 
W. Situated on the s. bank of New r. It con- 
tains a court house, jail, 3 stores, several mechan- 
ic shops, 12 dwellings, and about 75 inhabitants, 
one fourth of whom are colored. 

Grayson Springs, p-o., Grayson co., Ky. 

Grayson Sulphur Springs, p-o., Grayson 
CO., Va. 

Graysport, p-v., Muskingum co., O., 68 e. Co- 
lumbus, 343 W. 

Grays Settlement, p-o., Erie co., Pa., 240 
N. w. Harrisburg, 332 W. 

Grays Valley, p-o., Tioga co., Pa., 146 n. 
Harrisburg, 256 W. 

Graysvillk, p-v., Morris t., Huntingdon co.. 
Pa., 101 w. Harrisburg, 170 W. It contains 1 
store and 8 or 10 dwellings. 

Graysville, p-v., Todd co., Ky., 55 Frankfort, 
720 W. 

Graysville, p-o., Monroe co., O., 124 k. Co- 
lumbus, 281 W. 

Graysville, p-v., White co., El., 61 s. e. 
Springfield, 841 W. 

Greasy Creek, p-o., Floyd co., Va., 230 w. 
Riclimond, 305 W. 

Great Barrington, p-t., Berkshire co., Ms., 
134 w. Boston, 355 W. It is situated on both 
sides of the Housatonic r. The surface is une- 
ven, and adapted to grazing, except on the Hou- 
satonic, where the surface is level, and the soil 
very fertile. A branch of the Housatonic affords 
good water power. The v. is pleasantly situated, 
contams some good houses, and 2 churches— 1 
Congregational and 1 Episcopal— and some man- 
Sow,fvf ^'i 7^""^ ''•'^ '" tl^e t., 7 stores, capital 
$21,000; 1 furnace, 1 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 
3 cotton fac 6,094 sp., 2 tanneries, 1 printing of- 
fice, 1 weekly paper, 3 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. 
m manufac $138,000. 1 acad. 30 students, 16 
sch. 634 scholars. Pop. 2,704. 

Great Bend, p-y.. Champion t., Jefferson co., 
JN. v., 159 N. w. Albany. Situated on Black r., 
and contams 1 flouring m., 1 saw m., 1 distillery, 



1 cloth dressing works, 1 store, and about 2'i 
dwellings. A bridge here crosses the r. 

Great Bend, p-o.. Great Bend t., Susquehan- 
na CO., Pa., 191 N. E. Harrisburg, 295 W. Situ- 
ated at the junction of Salt Lick cr. with the 
Susquehanna r., on an extensive flat, surrounded 
on all sides by high hills. It is built on both sides 
of the r., over which is a bridge 600 feet long and 
20 feet wide, which cost $6,500. It has 2 church- 
es — 1 Presbyterian and 1 Baptist — several stores, 
a seminary for young ladies, 40 dwellings, and 
about 240 inhabitants. There are in the t., 4 
stores, cap. $21,500 ; 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $5,350. 7 sch. 210 scholars. Pop. 
859. 

Great Bend, p-o., Meigs co., O., 112 s. s. K. 
Columbus, 341 W. 

Great Bridge, p-v., Norfolk co., Va., 115 s. 
e. Richmond, 240 W. Situated on Southern r. 

Great Crossings, p-v., Scott co., Ky., 15 n. 
E. Frankfort, 527 W. Situated on the s. side of 
Elkhorn cr. The Choctaw academy is located 
here, under the superintendence of the War De- 
partment. It had in 1841, 131 students, viz : — 52 
Choctaws, 21 Pottawatomies, 26 Chickasaws, 10 
Creeks, 2 Quapaws, 3 Seminoles, 1 Miami, 10 
miscellaneous. 

Great Egg Harbor, collection district. Ton- 
nage of 1840, 16,364. (See Egg Harbor, Great.) 

Great Falls, p-v., Somerworth t., Strafford 
CO., N. H., 34 E. Concord, 499 W. Here is a 
large and beautiful village and extensive manu- 
factories. (See Somerworth.) 

Great Valley, p-t., Cattaraugus co., N. Y., 
300 w. by s. Albany, 328 W. The surface is 
somewhat broken, rising from the valley of Alle- 
ghany r. Watered on the s. by Tunianguant cr., 
and N. by Great Valley cr., tributaries of Alle- 
ghany r. At the post-office is Peth v., contain- 
ing 1 store, 2 saw m., and 15 dwellings. There 
are in the t., 4 stores, cap. $11,000 ; 1 fulling m., 
1 tannery, 2 grist m., 13 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $14,400. 6 sch. 235 scholars. Pop. 852. 

Great Works, p-v., Penobscot co.. Me., 80 
E. Augusta, 675 W. Situated at the entrance of 
Great Works stream into the Penobscot r., oppo- 
site to Indian Oldtown. Here is a good water 
power, and a considerable village. 

Great South Bay, N. Y. Situated on the s. 
side of Long Island, and is about 50 ms. long and 
5 wide, enclosed by Great South Beach, which 
is 40 ms. long and half a mile wide. On the w. 
end is a light-house. The bay is navigable, has 
several inlets, and aboimds with fine shell and 
other fish, and a variety of water fowls, and is a 
great resort of sportsmen. 

Greece, p-t., Monroe co., N. Y., 6 n. Roches- 
ter, 226 w. by n. Albany, 375 W. The surface 
is undulating, and the soil sandy, gravelly and 
clay loam. Watered by small streams, flowing 
into Lake Ontario. It has 5 stores, cap. .$5,400 ; 
1 furnace, 2 grist ra., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$6,510. 16 sch. 993 scholars. Pop. 3,669. 

Greely, p-o., Somerset co., Me., 85 n. Augus- 
ta, 680 W. 

Green Bank, p-o., Pocahontas co., Va., 189 
w. N. w. Richmond, 216 W. Situated on Deer 
cr., 6 ms. above its entrance into Greenbrier r. 
It has 1 church, free to all denominations, a li- 
brary, 2 stores, several mills, and various me- 
chanics. 

Green Bay, Wis., lies n. w. of Lake Michi- 
gan, connected with it by a broad opening, and 
running parallel with it. It is 100 ms. long, and 
from 15 to 30 broad. At its entrance is a string 
of islands, called Grand Traverse islands, extend- 
ing for 30 ms. It is navigable lor vessels of 200 



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247 



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tons to its liead, and receives Fox and Menoniine 
rivers. 

Green Bay, p-v., Brown co., Wis., 158 \. Ma- 
dison, 'J38 W. Situated on the e. side of Fox r. 
at its entrance into Lake Michigan. The settle- 
ment extends on both sides of the r. for 4 miles. 
It has a U. S. land office, 40 stores, and about 
1,500 inhabitants. 

Greenberry, p-o., Grant co., la., 82 n. n. e. 
Indianapolis, 553 W. 

Green Bottom, p-o., Cabell co., Va., 379 w. 
by N. Richmond, 384 W. 

Green Bottom, p-o., Shelby co., Tenn., 213 
w. Nashville, 898 W. 

Greenbrier, county, Va. Central toward 
the w. part of the state, and contains 1,493 sq. 
ms. The surface is broken, elevated and moun- 
tainous. Drained by Greenbrier r. and its 
branches, and by branches of Gauley r. Capi 
tal, Lewisburg. There were in 1840, neat cat 
tie 13,855, sheep 18,722, swine 12,373; wheat 
69,151 bush, produced, rye 43,466, Ind. corn 
207,055, buckwheat 3,031, oats 198,296, potatoes 
31,916, sugar 114,933 pounds ; 12 stores, cap. 
$112,000; 1 tannery, 19 distilleries, 30 grist m., 
33 saw m., 4 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $68,534. 
1 acad. 28 students, 23 sch. 505 scholars. Pop. 
whites 7,287, slaves 1,214, free col'd 194 ; total, 
8,695. 

Green Brier, r., Va., rises in Pocahontas co., 
and passing through Greenbrier co., and into 
Monroe co., enters the Great Kanawha r. near 
the boundary between the 2 latter counties, and 
at the pas.sage through Laurel ridge. 

Greenbrier, p-o., Northumberland co., Pa., 
60 N. Harrisburg, 170 W. 

Greenburg, t., Westchester co., N. Y. 130 s. 
Albany. The surface is hilly ; soil, gravelly, 
clay and sand loam, well cultivated. Watered 
by Bronx and Sawmill rivers. Hudson r. bounds 
it on the w. It has 1 acad. 15 students, 10 sch. 
324 scholars. Pop. 3,361. 

Green Bush, p-o., Windsor co., Vt., 68 s. 
Montpelier, 468 W. 

Greenbush, t., Penobscot co.. Me. It has 3 
sch. 108 scholars. Pop. 261. 

Greenbush, p-t., Rensselaer co., N. Y., 1 e. 
Albanjr, 370 W^. Situated on the e. side of Hud- 
son r. opposite to Albany. The surface is hilly ; 
soil, clay loam, with gravel and sand. The land 
along the r. is level and very fertile. The v. 
was incorporated in 1815, and contains 2 churches, 

1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist, 9 stores, 2 flour- 
ing m., 1 distillery, 1 tannery, 1 spirit gas fac, 
100 dwellings, and about 900 inhabitants. The 
Albany and West Stockbridge railroad commen- 
ces here, and a ferry crosses to Albany. There 
are in the t., 1 tannery, 1 flouring m., 2 grist m. 
Cap. in manufac. §1,000. 15 sch. 865 scholars. 
Pop. 3,701. 

Greenbush, p-v., Warren co., 111., 92 n. w. 
Springfield, 833 W. 

Green Camp, t., Marion co., O. It has 2 sch. 
70 scholars. Pop. 361. 

Green Castle, p-b., Franklin co.. Pa., 56 
Harrisburg, 79 W. It contains 5 churches, 
several factories, 250 dviellings, and about 1,500 
inhabitants. It is surrounded by a fertile country. 

Green Castle, p-v., capital of Putnam co., 
la., 47 w. Indianapolis, 612 W. Situated on a 
high table land, 1 m. e. of the Walnut fork of 
Eel r. It contains a court house, jail, 1 seminary, 

2 churches, 7 stores, and about 500 inhabitants. 
There are in the t., 13 stores, cap. $62,160 ; 2 
tanneries, 1 grist m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. 
$1 1,300. 1 acad. 87 students, 3 sch. 148scholars. 
Pop. 2,258. 



Green, cr., p-t., Sandusky co., O., 100 n. Co. 
lumbus, 415W. Pop. 1,189. 

Greene, county, N. Y. Situated in the e. 
part of the state, and contains 583 sq. ms. The 
surface is diversified, being hilly and mountain- 
ous s. and w., and more level toward the n. e. 
The mountains are sterile, and the valleys pro- 
ductive. Watered by Catskill and Coxsackie 
creeks, which flow into the Hudson, and the 
head branches of Schoharie cr., which flows into 
the Mohawk r. Capital, Catskill. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 22,495, sheep 39,326, swine 
19,357; wheat 17,677 bush, produced, rye 86,840, 
Ind. corn 109,772, buckwheat 57,612, bariey 
2,368, oats 309,882, potatoes 302,902, 5 commis- 
sion houses in for. trade, cap. $131,330; 142 
stores, cap. $396,510 ; 2 lumber yards, cap. 
$10,300; 3 furnaces, 10 fulling m., 5 woollen fac, 
1 cotton fac. 363 sp., 29 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 
1 powder m., 2 potteries, 3 flouring m., 29 grist 
m., 79 saw m., 3 paper fac, 3 printing oflices, 1 
bindery, 3 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $910,760. 3 acad. 97 students, 122 sch. 3,227 
scholars. Pop. 30,446. 

Greene, county. Pa. Situated in the s. w. 
part of the state, and contains 576 sq. ms. Drain- 
ed by Ten Mile and Dunkards creeks e., and by 
Fish and Wheeling creeks w. The surface is 
broken and mountainous, but the soil is produc- 
tive. Capital, Waynesburg. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 19,338, sheep 37,035, swine 
36,199 ; wheat 251,823 bush, produced, rye 33,901, 
Ind. com436,607, buckwheat 31,366, oats 348,809, 
potatoes 60,383, sugar 111,107 pounds ; 50 stores, 
cap. $1 10,885 ; 9 fulling ra., 4 woollen fac, 15 
tanneries, 34 distilleries, 1 glass fac, 1 glass cut- 
ting estab., 4 flouring m., 45 grist m., 62 saw m., 
5 oil m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers, 
f'ap. in manufac. $290,782. 1 acad. 42 students, 
74 sch. 1,723 scholars. Pop. 19,147. 

Greene, county, Va. Situated in the central 
part of the state, and contains 190 sq. ms. The 
surface is hilly ; soil, fertile. Capital, Stanards- 
ville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 3,086, 
sheep 3,345, swine 7,180 ; wheat 39,731 bush, pro- 
duced, rye 14,741, Ind. corn 124,241, buckwheat 
233, oats 32,734, potatoes 7,646, hops 206 pounds, 
tobacco 489,933, cotton 1,143 ; 4 stores, cap. 
$21,000; 2 tanneries, 2 flouring m., 15 grist m., 
12 saw m. Cap. in manufac $23,855. 7 acad. 
135 students, 6 sch. 136 scholars. Pop. whites 
2,447, slaves 1,740, free col'd 45; total, 4,232. 

Greene, county, N. C. Situated centrally in 
the e. part of the state, and contains 210 sq. ms. 
Drained by Moccason r., a branch of the Neuse 
r. Surface level, soil fertile. Capital, Snow 
Hill. There were in 1840, neat cattle 3,400, 
sheep 3,068, swine 25,456 ; wheat 8,824 bush, 
produced, rye 6,975, Ind. com 279,730, oats 2,455, 
potatoes 44,404, rice 15,492 pounds, cotton 
1,344,990 ; 10,035 barrels of tar, pitch, &c. ; 8 
stores, cap. $73,000 ; 30 distilleries, 27 grist m., 8 
.saw m. Cap. in manufac. $16,5CI0. 5 sch. 100 
scholars. Pop. whites 3,375, slaves 2,971, free 
col'd 219 ; total, 6,595. 

Greene, county, Ga. Situated n. e. of the 
centre of the stale, and contains 504 sq. ms. 
The Oconee r. runs on its w. border. Surface 
undulating, soil fertile. Capital, Greensboro. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 11,130, sheep 
7,054, swine 23,164 ; wheat 58,568 bush, produ- 
ced, rye 1,179, Ind. com 400,172, bariey 1,193, oats 
35,486, potatoes 12,693, cotton 2,756,469 pounds ; 
22 stores, cap. $128,000; 1 cotton fac, 6 tanneries, 
5 flouring m., 24 grist m., 11 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $5,000. 1 college, 22 students, 5 acad 
323 students, 13 sch. 358 scholars. Population 



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248 



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wlutes 4,641, slaves 7,024, free colored 25 ; total, 
11,690. 

Greene, county, Ala. Situated m the w. 
part of the state, and contains 836 sq. ms. The 
surface is hilly, but the soil on the river bottoms 
is excellent. Tombigbee r. runs on its w. boun- 
dary. Watered by Black Warrior, or Tusca- 
loosa r. Capital, Eutaw. There were in 1810, 
neat cattle 8,940, sheep 4,749, swine 18,492 ; 
wheat 18,396 bush, produced, rye 1,618, Ind. corn 
520,198, oats 14,928, potatoes 48,369, silk cocoons 
45 pounds, cotton 3,173,800; 18 stores, cap. 
$171,700 ; 3 tanneries, 1 flouring m., 3 grist m., 3 
saw m., 2 printing offices, 2 weeldy newspapers. 
Cap. in manufac. $22,900. 242 students in acad- 
emies, 173 scholars in schools. Pop. wliites 
7,556, slaves 16,431, free col'd 37; total, 24,024. 

Greene, county. Miss. Situated in the s. e. 
part of the state, and contains 864 sq. ms. It is 
chiefly covered with pine forest, and the soil is 
sterile. Watered by Pascagoula r. and its 
branches. Capital, Leakesville. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 10,513, sheep 915, swine 
10,837; Ind. corn 34,264 bush, produced, pota- 
toes 18,693, rice 10,365 pounds, cotton 40,260 ; 1 
store, cap. $5,000 ; 8 grist m., 5 oil m. Cap. in 
manufac. $1,500. 3 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 
whites 1,207, slaves 429 ; total, 1,636. 

Greene, county, Tenn. Situated in the e. 
part of the state, and contains 700 sq.ms. The 
surface is elevated, and greatly diversified with 
hill and valley. Watered by Nolachucky r., and 
Licking cr. Capital, Greenville. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 14,267, sheep 17,172, swine 
49,011 ; wheat 142,392 bush, produced, rye 4,691, 
Ind. corn 683,295, buckwheat 2,233, oats 221,123, 
potatoes 23,128, tobacco 9,125 pounds, cotton 
2,128; 15 stores, cap. .$92,2.50 ; 1 furnace, 7 forges, 
17 tanneries, 52 distilleries, 7 potteries, 4 flour- 
ing m., 54 grist m., 39 saw m., 6 oil m. Cap. in 
manufac. $5S,821. 1 college, 30 students, 2 
acad. 98 students, 12 sch. 196 scholars. Pop. 
whites 14,410, slaves 1,006, free col'd 151 ; total, 
16,076. 

Greene, county, Ky. Situated in the middle 
of the state, and contains 460 sq. ms. Watered 
by Green r. and its tributaries. The surface is 
undulating ; soil, fertile. Capital, Greensburg. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 11,642, sheep 
18,140, swine 46,691 ; wheat 75,221 bush, pro- 
duced, rye 1,050, Ind. com 333,664, oats 143,860, 
potatoes 12,971, tobacco 1,961,711 pounds, cotton 
2,398, sugar 9,147; 14 stores, cap. $110,400; 2 
forges, 1 cotton fac. 126 sp., 10 tanneries, 7 dis- 
tilleries, 2 flouring m., 10 grist m., 8 saw m., 1 
oil m. Cap. in manufac. $43,034. 1 acad. 100 
students, 13 sch. 309 scholars. Pop. whites 
10,263, slaves 3,830, free col'd 119; total, 
14,212. 

Greene, county, O. Situated s. w. of the 
centre of the state, and contains 400 sq. ms. 
Watered by Mad r., and by Little Miami r., of 
which the following are branches; Caesar's, 
Beaver, Massie's and Anderson' s creeks. These 
with some smaller streams, aflford extensive 
water power. The surface is undulating. Yel- 
low Springs is a iamous watering place. Cap- 
i'. A, ^*',"i^- "Inhere were in 1840, neat cattle 
14,9 14, sheep 29,5-.i7, swine 26,770 ; wheat 257,465 
bush, produced, rye 9,989, Ind. com 659,2J6, 
barley 1,/d7, oats 157,668, potatoes 19,016; 35 
stores cap. $143,350; 5 fulling m., 2 woollen 
fac, 3 tanneries, 18 distilleries, 1 brewery 24 
flouring m^, 3 grist m., 27 saw m., 2 oil m , 3 
pmitmg offices 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in 
manufac. $248,580. 13 sch. 349 scholars. Pop. 
17,52S. "^ 



Greene, county, la. Situated toward the s. w. 
part of the state, and contains 456 sq. ms. The 
surface is generally level, and the soil fertile. 
Drained by the w. fork of White r.. Eel r., and 
Richland cr. Capital, Bloomfield. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 9,756, sheep 8,861, swhie 
24,131 ; wheat 27,958 bush, produced, Ind. corn 
368,113, oats 66,435, potatoes 12,833, tobacco 
215,389 pounds, sugar 30,152; 20 stores, cap. 
$31,910 ; 14 tanneries, 12 distilleries, 2 flouring m., 

23 grist m., 11 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $46,086. 

24 sch. 834 scholars. Pop. 8,321. 

Greene, county. 111. Situated in the w. part 
of the state, and contains 912 sq. ms. Organized 
in 1821. The Illinois r. runs on its w. border, 
and the Mississippi on the s. The bank of the 
Mississippi consists chiefly of perpendicular 
clifTs, from 80 to 200 feet high, containing hori- 
zontal strata of lime and sandstone, and abun- 
dance of coal is found a little within the surface. 
Drained also by Apple, Macoupin, Otter and 
Piasa creeks. The surface is generally level, 
and the soil fertile, consisting of timber and 
prairie land. Capital, CarroUton. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 17,211, sheep 14,856, swine 
25,385 ; wheat 29,137 bush, produced, rye 2,447, 
Ind. com 320,402, buckwheat 2,263, oats 32,518, 
potatoes 30,233 ; 19 stores, cap. $17,500 ; 8 distil- 
leries, 2 flouring m., 22 grist m., 18 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $37,400. 15 sch. 555 scholars. Pop. 
11,951. 

Greene, county. Mo. Situated in the s. w. 
part of the state, and contains 1,000 sq. ms. The 
surface is hilly ; the soil is generally fertile, con- 
sisting of timber and prairie land. Drained by 
branches of Osage and White rivers. Capital, 
Springfield. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
7,623, sheep 5,540, swine 20,504 ; wheat 16,539 
bush, produced, Ind. corn 322,715, oats 19,962, 
potatoes 15,667, tobacco 7,754 pounds, cotton 
3,709 ; 10 stores, cap. $30,000 ; 3 tanneries, 4 
distilleries, 7 grist m., 2 saw m.. 1 printmg office, 

I weekly newspaper. Cap. in manutac. .$17,650. 

II sch. 233 scholars. Pop. whites 4,693, slaves 
677, free col'd 2 ; total, 5,372. 

Greene, county. Wis. Situated in the s. part 
of the ter., and contains 576 sq. ms. It has con- 
siderable prairie land. Watered by Peckatonakee 
r. and Sugar cr. Copper and lead are found. 
Capital, Monroe. There were in 1340, neat cat- 
tle 1,458, sheep 608, swine 3,605; wheat 11,953 
bush, produced, Indian corn 25,610, buckwheat 
783, oats 20,245, potatoes 15,603 ; 2 stores, cap. 
$6,000 ; 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
!j!6,400. Pop. 933. 

Greene, county. Ark. Situated in the n. e. 
part of the state, and contains 1,025 sq. ms. St. 
Francis r. runs on its e. border. Watered by 
Cache r. and its branches. Surface, level. Cap- 
ital, Gainsville. There were in 1810, neat cattle 
1,860, sheep 230, swine 3,259 ; wheat l,13i bush, 
produced, Ind. corn 26,945, potatoes 433, cotton 
3,578 pounds; 2 stores, cap. $1,300. 1 sch. 25 
sciiolars. Pop. 1,536. 

Greene, p-t., Kennebec co.. Me., 25 s. w. Au- 
gusta, 583 W. It lies on the e. side of Andros- 
coggin r. Incorporated in 1788. It has a good 
soil, adapted to wheat. It contains 4 stores, cap. 
$9,000 ; 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$3,450. 12 sch. 455 scholars. Pop. 1,406. 

Greene, p-t., Chenango co., N. Y., 120 vv. s. 
w. Albany, 314 W. The surface is hilly and 
broken ; soil, generally good. Drained by Che- 
nango r. and its tributaries. The v. is situated 
on the w. bank of Chenango r., on the Une of the 
Chenango canal. It contains 4 churches — 1 Pres- 
byterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, and 1 Method- 



GRE 



249 



GRE 



ist — 11 stores, 1 flouring m., 1 clothier's works, 1 
plaster m., 1 saw m., 2 tanneries, 100 dwellings, 
and about 750 inhabitants. There are in the t. 
11 stores, cap. §62,500; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 
2 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,4(W. 
1 acad. 68 students, 30 sch. 1,098 scholars. Pop 
3,462. 

Greene, t., Sussex co., N. J., 7 s. w. New 
ton. The surface is hilly and mountainous. It 
contains Hunt's and Grass ponds. Drained by 
tributaries of Pequest cr. It has 1 store, cap. 
$2,500 ; 2 grist m., 1 saw m. (Jap. in rnanufac 
$5,200. 5. sch. 112 scholars. Pop. "T??. 

Greene, p-o., Lancaster co., Pa., 56 e. llarris- 
burg, 93 W. 

Greene, t., Greene co., Pa., 11 s. E. Waynes- 
burg. The surface is rolling ; soil, loam. Drained 
by Whiteley cr. It has 2 stores, cap. $6,400 ; 1 
fuUuig m., 1 woollen fac, 1 distillery, 3 grist m., 
4 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $4,222. 3 
sch. 75 scholars. Pop. 611. 

Greene, t., Indiana co., Pa., 10 n. e. Indiana 
b. Drained by Two Lick, Yellow, and Cush- 
cushion creeks. It lias 6 stores, cap. $8,300 ; 2 
tanneries, 5 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$9,250. 1 sch. 35 scholars. Pop. 2,321. 

Greene, t., Beaver co.. Pa., 12 s. w. Beaver. 
The surface is rolling ; soil, loam. Ohio r. bounds 
it on the n. Drained by Mill cr. It lias 7 stores, 
cap. $11,200; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tan- 
neries, 2 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$27,592. 4 sch. 180 scholars. Pop. 1,.500. 

Greene, t., Franklin co.. Pa., 5 n. e. Cham- 
bersburg, 43 s. e. Harrisburg. The surface is 
level, and the soil rests on limestone and slate. 
Drained by the e. branch of Conecocheague cr. 
South mountain lies on the e. of tlic t. It has 9 
stores, cap. $17,900; 1 furnace, 1 forge, 1 fulling 
m., 2 woollen fac, 2 distilleries, 1 tannery, 9 flour- 
ing m., 2 grist m., 19 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$47,300. 9 sch. 279 scholars. Pop. 2,518. 

Greene, p-t., Harrison co., O. It has 5 sch. 
260 scholars. Pop. 1,467. 

Greene, t., Adarns co., O. Situated on the 
Ohio r. Pop. 1,086. 

Greene, t.. Brown co., O. It has 1 sch. 20 
scholars. Pop. 353. 

Greene, t., Clark co., O. It has 13 sch. 264 
scholars. Pop. 1,059. 

Greene, t., Clinton co., O. Drained by East 
Fork and Todd's F'ork of Miami r. It has 4 stores, 
cap. $4,675 ; 1 fulling m., 1 wofjllen fac, 1 tan- 
nery, 2 grist ni., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$4,500. II sch. 695 scholars. Pop. 1,833. 

Greene, t., Columbiana co., O., 9 n. New Lis- 
bon. It has 2 sch., .50 scholars. Pop. 1,612. 

Greene, t., Gallia co., O. It has 4 stores, 1 
fulling m., 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$2,950. Pop. 1,047. 

Greene, t., Hocking co., O. Situated on both 
sides of Hockhocking r. It has 3 sch. 86 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,189. 

Greene, t., Fayette co., O. Drained by Rat- 
tlesnake fork of Paint cr. It has 3 stores, cap. 
$4,000; 1 distillery, 1 flouring ra., 1 grist m., 1 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,5(X). 12 sch. 240 
scholars. Pop. 1,622. 

Greene, t., Shelby co., O. It has 1 tannery, 
3 saw m. Cap. in manufactures $1,800. Poii. 
762. 

Greene, t., Wayne co., O. It has 2 grist m., 
2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,300. 1 sch. 16 
scholars. Pop. 1,751. 

Greene, t., la. Pop. 99. 

Greene, p-o.. Cape Girardeau co.. Mo., 214 s. 
E. Jefferson city. Situated on Crooked cr. 

Green Oak, t., Livingston co., Mich. It has 
32 



1 flouring m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,500 

6 sch. 148 scholars. Pop. 764. 

Greene, t., Iowa co.. Wis. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $6,000 ; 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $6,400. Pop. 933. 

Greene, t., Hancock co., la. It has 1 tan- 
nery, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufactures 
$2,250. Pop. 837. 

Greene, t., Polk co., Mo. Pop. 599. 

Greene, t., Livingston co.. Mo. Pop. 397. 

Greenfield, t., Hancock co.. Me. It has 1 
saw rn. 1 sch. 8 scholars. Pop. 223. 

Greenfield, p-t., HilUboro' co., N. II., 35 s. 
w. Concord, 454 W. Contoocook r. runs on its 
w. boundary. The surface is uneven, and the 
soil generally fertile. The hills are adapted to 
grazing, and the valleys to tillage. Incorporated 
m 1791. It has 2 stores, cap. $6,000; 2 tanner- 
ies, 6 powder m. Cap. in manufac. $12,722. 11 
sch. 226 scholars. Pop. 834. 

Greenfield, p-t., capital of Franklin co., 
Mass., 92 w. Boston, 402 W. Situated on the w. 
side of Connecticut r. Incorporated in 1753. 
Watered by Green r., which enters Deerficld r., 
and aflbrds good water jiower. The v. is pleas- 
antly situated, and neatly built, and contuins 4 
churches — 2 Congregational, 1 Episcopal, and 1 
Methodist — a young ladies' seminary, and has 
considerable trade and manufactures. There are 
in tlie t. 11 stores, cap. $1!,.5;)0; 6 fulling m., 1 
woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 384 sp., 1 tannery, 3 
printing offices, 2 weekly new.«papers, 2 grist m., 
1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $92,128. 2 acad. 
57 students, 8 sch. 186 scholars. Pop. 1,756. 

Greenfield, t., Saratoga co., N! Y., 10 .n. 
Ballston Spa, 40 n. by w. Albany. The surface 
is hilly and mountainous ; the soil productive, 
and well cultivated. Drained by Kayaderosseras 
cr. It has 5 stores, cap. $4,600; 2 fulling m., 4 
tanneries, 1 paper fac, 2 grist rn., 9 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $25,432. 4 sch. 186 scholars. Pop. 
2,a03. 

Greenfield, p-t., Erie co.. Pa., 352 n. Harris- 
burg, 284 W. Drained by the n. branch of 
French cr. It has 1 grist m., 2 saw m. 10 sch. 
696 scholars. Pop. 862. 

Greenfield, t., Luzerne co., Pa., 30 n. e. 
Wilkesbarre. The Sustpiehanna r. runs on its n. 
boundary. The soil is fertile, but better adajjted 
to grazing than to grain. The village of Carbon- 
dale is near its e. border. Drained by Elkwood 
brook, and the branches of Tunkhannock and 
Lackawannock rivers. It has 3 flouring m., 2 
saw m. Cap. in manufac $17,400. Pop. 1,430. 

Greenfield, t., Bedford co.. Pa., 23 n. Bed- 
ford. The surface is hilly ; soil, clay and loam. 
It has the Alleghany mountain w., Dunning's 
mountain e., and sf)ur.s of the Alleghany .n. e., 
which extend inUj it. Drained by Bob's and 
Dunning's creeks, and by the Frankstown, or s. 
w. branch of Juniatti r. It has 1 sUjre, cap. 
$2,500; 1 furnace, 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 dis- 
tillery, 1 pottery, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $9,070. 1 sell. 32 scholars. Pop. 
1,830. 

Greenfield, p-v., Madison t., Highland co., O., 
72 s. w. (Jolumbus, 427 W. Situated on the w. 
bank of Paint cr. It contuins 4 churches — 1 
Presbyterian, 1 Methodist, 1 Baptist, and 1 As- 
sociate Reformed — 9 stores, 2 tanneries, 30 me- 
chanic shops, and about 6(X) inhabitants. Ad- 
joining the V. are fine limestone quarries, suitable 
for building. There are in the vicinity 1 woollen 
fac, 1 grist m., and 1 saw m. 

Greenfield, t., Fairfield co., O. It has fine 
land. The Lancaster lateral canal passes diag- 
onally through it. Pop. 2,138. 



GRE 



250 



GRE 



Greenfield, t., Gallia co., O. Watered by 
Symme's cr. It has 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $1,800. Pop. 639. 

Greenfield, t., Huron co., O., 106 n. by e. 
Columbus. It has 10 sch. 330 scholars. Pop. 
1,460. 

Greenfield, p-v., Nelson co., Va., 107 w. by 
N. Richmond, 149 W. 

Greenfield, p-v., capital of Hancock co., la., 
20 E. Indianapolis, 551 W. It is situated on the 
National road, i m. w. of Brandy wine cr., and 
contains a court house, a Methodist church, a 
seminary, and about 200 inhabitants. There are 
in the t. 1 saw m., 1 sch. 8 scholars. Pop. 223. 

Greenfield, t.. La Grange co., la. It has 1 
store, cap. $4,000. Cap. in manufac. $80. 1 
acad. 50 students, 1 sch. 43 scholars. Pop. 562. 

Greenfield, p-v., Greene co.. 111., 60 s. w. 
Springfield, 832 W. Situated in String Prairie, 
and contains 2 stores, a carding machine, and 
about 15 dwellings. 

Greenfield, p-v., Sullivan co., Tenn., 199 e. 
Nashville, 394 W. 

Greenfield, p-v., Shelby co., Mo., 136 n. Jef- 
ferson city, 950 W. Situated 1 m. s. of South 
f abius r. 

Greenfield, p-v., capital of Dade co., Mo., 
150 s. w. Jefferson city. 

Greenfield, p-t., Wayne co., Mich., 6 n. w. 
Detroit, 530 W. Iron ore is found here. It has 
1 saw m. Pop. 733. 

Greenfield, p-v., Milwaukee co., Wis., 92 e. 
Madison, 814 W. 

Greenfield Centre, p-o., Greenfield t., Sar- 
atoga CO., N. Y., 40 N. Albany, 410 W. 

Greenfield'.s Mills, p-o., Frederick co., Md., 
86 N. w. Annapolis, 54 W. 

Greenford, p-o.. Green t., Columbiana co., 
O., 15S N. E. Columbus, 294 W. 

Green Grove, p-o., Armstrong co.. Pa., 190 
w. n. w. Harrisburg, 242 W. 

Green Grove, t., Ray co., Mo. It has 2 sch. 
46 scholars. Pop. 564. 

Green Hill, p-o., Campbell co., Va., 132 w. 
s. w. Richmond, 219 W. 

Green Hill, p-o., Columbiana co., O., 146 n. 
E. Columbus, 294 W. 

Green Hill, p-o., Wilson co., Tenn., 14 e. 
Nashville, C07 W. 

Greenland, p-t., Rockingham co., N. H., 45 
e. s. e. Concord, 488 W. Originally a part of 
Portsmouth ; incorporated in 1703. The soil is 
very fertile. It extensively supplies Portsmouth 
with vegetables and fruit. It has 2 .stores, cap. 
$2,900 ; 1 fuUing m., 3 grist m., 1 saw m., 5 sen. 
136 scholars. Pop. 726. 

Greenland, p-o., Lancaster co., Pa., 41 e. 
Harrisburg, 115 W. 

Greenland, p-o., Warren co.. 111. 

Green Mountains, Vt., a range of mountains 
which commences near New Haven, Ct., and 
extends through Connecticut, Massachusetts, and 
the middle of Vermont, between Lake Cham- 
plain and Connecticut r. In Washington co., 
Vt., it throws off a branch of inferior height to the 
N. e., called the height of land dividing the wa- 
ters which flow into the Connecticut from those 
which flow into lakes Memphremagog and 
Champlain ; while the main branch continues n. 
and is pierced by the large rivers which flow in- 
\° ^^i^M'^"*™?!"'"- The loftiest summits are 
Mansfield mountiiin, 4,279 feet above the level of 
the sea, and Camel's Rump, 4,188 feet. Tiie ibr- 
mer is a little n., and the latter a little s., of the 
road from Burlmgton to Montpelier, which passes 
through this great chain, in the valley of Onion 
r., witliout encountering any high hills, and in 



like manner passes down White r. to Connecti- 
cut r. 

Green Oak, p-t., Livingston co., Mich., 41 w. 
by N. Detroit, 53S W. 

Greenock, p-v., Crittenden co.. Ark., 148 n. 
E. Little Rock, 933 W. Situated on the w. bank 
of the Mississippi r. 

Green Plains, p-o., Northampton co., N. C, 
90 N. by e. Raleigh, 204 W. 

Green Plains, p-o., Hancock co., 111., 139 w. 
N. w. Springfield, 897 W. 

Greenport, t., Columbia co., N. Y., 2 s. Hud- 
son, 30 s. Albany. The surface is hilly ; soil, 
gravel, clay and loam. Hudson r, runs on its w. 
border. It has 1 fulling ra., 1 woollen fac, 3 
sch. 143 scholars. Pop. 1,161. 

Greenport, p-v., Southold t., Suffolk co., N. 
Y., 246 s. E. Albany, 326 W. Situated near the 
N. E. end of Long Island. Incorporated in 1838. 
It contains 3 churches, several stores, 100 dwel- 
lings, and about 700 inhabitants. Here are 
owned several whale ships, besides a consider- 
able number of smaller vessels, engaged in the 
coasting trade. The harbor will admit the 
largest ships, well sheltered from storms, and is 
rarely obstructed by ice. The Long Island rail- 
road will terminate here, 93 ms. irom Brooklyn, 
and 24 by water from Stonington. 

Green, r., Ky., rises in Lincoln co., and after 
a course generally w. and n. w., enters the Ohio, 
50 ms. above the mouth of Cumberland r., and 
200 below Louisville. It is 200 yards wide at its 
mouth, and is boatable for nearly 200 miles. 

Green River, p-o., Windham co., Vt., 131 s 
3Iontpelier, 426 W. 

Green River, p-o., Hillsdale t., Columbia co., 
N. Y., 35 s. s. E. Albany, 363 W. 

Green River, p-o., Henry co., 111., 144 n. w. 
Springfield, 873 W 

Green's, p-o., Jefferson co., Ala., 61 n. e. Tus- 
caloosa, 771 W. 

Green's, p-o., Grayson co., Ky., 129 s. w. 
Frankfort, 671 W. 

Greensboro', p-t., Orleans co., Vt., 29 n. n. e. 
Montpelier, 545 W. Chartered in 1781. The 
surface is uneven ; soil, moderately good. Drain- 
ed by the head waters of Lamoille r. The out- 
let of Caspian lake affords water power. It has 
1 store, cap. $3,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 grist m., 3 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,200. 7 sch. 95 
scholars. Pop. 883. 

Greensboro', p-v., Greene co.. Pa., 196 w. by 
s. Harrisburg, 204 W. 

Greensboro', p-v., Caroline co., Md., 59 e. 
Annapolis, 99 W. 

Greensboro', p-v., Greene co., Ky., 89 s. s. 
w. Frankfort, 611 W. 

Greensboro', p-o., Mecklenburg co., Va., 117 
s. s. w. Richmond, 230 W. This has been a 
place of considerable business, but is now occu- 
pied by a single private residence, with the ex- 
ception of a public house. 

Greensboro', p-v., capital of Guilford co., N. 
C, 82 w. N. w. Raleigh, 303 W. Situated be- 
tween the N. and s. branches of Buffalo cr. It 
contains a court house, jail, a church, the Cald- 
well Institute, and several neat dwellings. 

Greensboro , p-v., capital of Greene co., Ga., 
44 N. by E. Milledgeville, 604 W. Situated on 
the Georgia railroad. It contains a court house, 
jail, banking house, 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 
1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist — 8 stores, 55 dwell- 
ings, and 763 inhabitants. 

Greensboro", p-v., Greene county, Ala., 40 s. 
Tuscaloosa, 852 VV. Situated in a rich cotton 
district. 

Greensboro', p-v., capital of Choctaw comity, 



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251 



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Miss., 110 N. E. Jackson, 945 W. It is situated! 
on one of the head branches of Big Black river. I 

Greensboro', p-v., Henry co., la., 40 e. In- 
dianapolis, 541 W. ! 

Greexsburg, p-b., capital of Westmoreland Co., 
Pa., 16S w. Harrisburg, 194 W. It contains a 
court house, jail, county office.?, 5 churches — 1 
Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Dutch Reformed, 1 
Covenanter, 1 Methodist — 1 academy, 1 female 
seminary, and 130 dwellings. It has 1 1 stores, 
cap. $44,800 ; 2 grist ra., 3 saw m. (^ap. in man- 
ufac. $2,500. 4 sch. 147 scholars. Pop. 800. 

Greensburg, pv., capital of St. Helena par.. 
La., 75 N. by w. New Orleans, 1,150 W. Situ- 
ated on the w. side of Tickfaw r. It has a court 
house, a U. S. land office, and several dwellings. 

Greensburg, p-v.. Green t., Trumbull county, 
O., 185 N. E. Columbus, 319 W. It contains 2 
stores, several mechanic shops, 1 grist m., 3 saw 
m., 115 dwellings, and about 650 inhabitants. 

Greensburg, p-v., capital of Decatur co., la., 
47 s. E. Indianapolis, 550 W. Situated on the 
" Michigan Road." It contains a court house, 7 
stores, and about 800 inhabitants. 

Green's Fork, p-o., Washington t., Wayne 
CO., la., 63 E. Indianapolis, 513 W. 

Green's Fork, t., Randolph co., la. It has 2 
stores, cap. $2,700 ; 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 2 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $3,805. 3 sch. 95 scholars. 
Pop. 1,573. 

Green Spring, p-o., Seneca co., O., 101 n. 
Columbas, 419 W. 

Green's Store, p-o., Lawrence co., O., 130 s. 
by E. Columbus, 414 W. 

Greenstown, p-v.. Lake t., Stark co., O., 133 
N. E. Columbus, 322 W. 

Greenton, p-o., I-a Fayette co., Mo., 134 n. 
w. Jefferson city, 1,057 W. 

Greentree Grove, p-o., Stewart co., Tenn., 
86 N. w. Nashville, 744 W. 

Greenup, co., Ky. Situated in the n. e. part 
of the state, and contains 768 sq. miles. Drained 
by Little Sandy and Tyger's creeks. The sur- 
face is hilly, and the land along tlie streams is 
rich. The hills contain much coal and iron ore. 
Capital, Greenupsburg. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle, 4,096, sheep 4,619, swine 9,131 ; wheat 
11,635 bushels produced, Ind. corn 189,800, oats 
30,465, potatoes 5,410, tobacco 3,000 pounds, sugar 
4,925; 15 stores, cap. $49,000; 10 furnaces, 2 
forges, 3 tanneries, 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$15,130. 11 sch. 225 scholars. Pop. whites 
5,479, slaves 754, free col'd 64 ; total, 6,297. 

Greenupsburg, p-v., capital of Greenup co., 
Ky., 146 E. Frankfort, 429 W. Situated on the 
s. bank of Oliio r., at the entrance of Little Sandy 
r. It has a court house, seminary, and about 
300 inhabitants. 

Greenup, p-o.. Coles co., 111., Ill Spnngfield, 
689 W. 

Green Vii.l.4,ge, p-v., Franklin co., Me., 91 n. 
w. Augusta, 686 W. 

Greensville, county, Va. Situated on the s. 
toward the e. part of the state, and contains 325 
square miles. Organized from Brunswick co., in 
1784. Drained by Brunswick and Meherin rs. 
Nottaway r. runs on its N. border. Capital, 
Hicksford. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
5,436, sheep 4JS63, swine 15,696; wheat 8,860 
bushels produced, Ind. corn 229,510, oats 92,943, 
potatoes 10,655, tobacco 346,100 pounds, cotton 
.572,629; 6 stores, cap. $38,700; 1 tannery, 11 
grist m. Cap. in manufac. $27,400. 1 acad. 30 
students, 9 schools. 170 scholars. Pop. whites 
1,928, slaves 4,102, free col'd 136 ; total, 6,366. 

Greenville, district, S. C, situated in the n. 
w. part of the state, and contains 705 sq. ms. Tho 



surface is various, and the soil fertile. Drained 
by the branches of Saluda r., which runs on its 
s. w. border, and those of Ennoree. Capital, 
Greenville. There were in 1810, neat cattle 
11,518, sheep 6,515, swine 26,452 ; wheat 37,644 
bushels produced, rye 2,6S2. Ind. corn 418,940, 
oats 49,259, potatoes 18,641, tobacco 1 ,.500 pounds, 
cotton 137,765 ; 36 stores, cap. $104,230 ; 4 cotton 
fac. 1,964 sp., 7 tanneries, 10 distilleries, 8 flour- 
uig m., 65 grist m., 42 saw m., 1 paper fac, 2 
printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in 
manufiic. $108,800. 3 acad. 148 students, 23 
sch. 524 scholars. Pop. whites 12,491, slaves 
5,305, free col'd 43 ; total, 17,839. 

Greenville, p-t., Piscataquis co., Me., 91 n. 
E. Augusta, 686 W. Situated at the s. end of 
Moosenead lake. It has 1 store, 1 grist m., I 
saw m., 2 sch. 51 scholars. Pop. 128. 

Greenville, p-v.. Providence co., R. I., 9 w. 
Providence, 402 W. 

Greenville, p-t., Greene co., N. Y., 29 s. by 
w. Albany, 361 W. The surface is broken and 
hilly ; soil, clay loam, adapted to grass. Drained 
by Provost and Catskill creeks. It has 9 stores, 
cap. $19,600 ; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 dis- 
tillery, 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$15,850. 13 sch. 401 scholars. Pop. 2,338. 

Greenville, p-v.. Green t., Sussex co., N. J., 
71 N. Trenton, 232 W. It contains 1 store, 1 tan- 
nery, and 12 or 15 dwellings. 

Greenville, p-o., Luzerne co.. Pa., 159 n. e. 
Harrisburg, 263 W. 

Greeneville, p-t., Somerset co.. Pa. It has 1 
distillery, 20 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,200. 
Pop. 572. 

GnEENviLLE, p-v., Augusta CO., Va., 123 w. n. 
w. Richmond, 165 W. South r. runs through the 
t., affording water power. It contains 3 stores, 
1 flouring m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, various 
mechanic shops, 1 academy, 50 or 60 dwellings, 
and about 300 inhabitants. 

Greenville, p-v., capital of Pitt co., N. C, 
102 E. by s. Raleigh, 721 W. Situated on the s. 
side of Tar r., 35 ms. above its entrance into 
Pamlico sound. It contains a court house, jail, 
an academy, several stores and dwellings. 

Greenville, p-v., capital of Meriwether co., 
Ga., 102 w. Milledgeville, 721 W. It contains a 
court house, jail, 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist 
church, 10 stores, and 47 dwellings. 

Greenville, p-v., capital of Butler co., Ala., 
141 s. s. E. Tuscaloosa, 883 W. Situated on the 
w. side of Sepulgah r. 

Greenville, p-v., capital of Clark co.. Ark., 
78 s. w. Little Rock, 1,143 W. 

Greenville, p-v., capital of Greene co., Tenn., 
258 E. Nashville, 437 W. It contain.s Greenville 
College, founded in 1791, has a president and pro- 
fessor, 110 alumni, 41 students, and 3,000 vols, in 
its libraries. The commencement is on the 3d 
Wednesday in September. This is one of the 
oldest colleges w. of the Alleghany mountains. 

Greenville, p-v., capital of Muhlenburg co., 
Ky., 105 vv. s. vv. Frankfort, 717 W. Situated 
on a branch of Green r. 

Greenville, p-v., capital of Darke co., O., 91 
w. Columbus, 485 W. Located on the site of 
old Fort Greenville, where Gen. Wayne con- 
cluded the celebrated treaty of peace with the 
Indians, in 1795. Situated just below the junc- 
tion of Greenville and Mud creeks, and has a 
hand.some court house, jail, 3 churches — 1 Bap- 
tist, 1 Methodist, and 1 Unitarian. Pop. of that. 
2,006. and about 500 inhabitants. 

Greenville, p-v., Floyd co., Ta., Ill s. In- 
dianapohs, 612 W. It has 3 stores, 1 mill, a 
carding machine, and about 200 inhabitants. 



GRE 



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GRI 



Greenville, p-v., capital of Bond cc, 111., | 
74 s. Springfield, 738 W. Situated on the East 
fork of Slioal cr. It has a court house, 4 stores, 
various mechanic shops, and about 250 inhab- 
itants. 

Greenville, p-v., capital of Wayne co.. Mo., 
113 s. E. Jefferson city, 917 W. Situated on the 
\v. bank of the St. Francis r. It contains a court 
house, a few stores, and several dwellings. 

Greenville, C. H., p-v., capital of Greenville 
dist., S. C, 107 w. N. w. Columbia, 502 W. Situ- 
ated near the head of Reedy r. It contains a 
court house, jail, market house, 3 churches — 1 
Baptist, 1 Episcopal, 1 Methodist— I male and 
1 female academy, 12 stores, 110 dwellings, and 
945 inhabitants. 

Greenville, t., Saline co. Mo. It has 2 sch. 
47 scholars. Pop. 451. 

Greenwich, p-t., Hampshire co., Mass., 75 w. 
Boston, 391 W. Watered by Swift r., which 
affords water power. Incorporated in 1754. It 
has 2 stores, cap. $3,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen 
fac, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufactures 
$17,700. 7 sch. 287 scholars. Pop. 824. 

Greenwich, p-t., Fairfield co., Ct., 82 s. w. 
Hartford, 258 W. Watered by Byram r., which 
enters Long Island sound, on the boundary be- 
tween Connecticut and New York, and Miannus 
r. The surface is rough and uneven, and the 
soil is productive. It furnishes many beautiful 
views of the sound, and has several fine landing 
places. Incorporated by the Dutch in 1665, and 
claimed by New Vork. It has 13 stores, capital 
$34,400 ; 1 forge, 3 grist m. Cap. in manufuc. 
$9,800. 6 sch. 326 scholars. Pop. 3,921. 

Greenwich, p-t., Washington co., N. Y., 35 
N. N. E. Albany, 410 W. The surface is uneven ; 
soil, a fertile gravelly loam. Hudson r. runs on 
its w. border, and Battenkill r. on its s. It has 8 
stores, cap. §30,700 ; 2 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 
1 pottery, 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 
5 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,100. 
1 acad. 50 students, 15 sch. 393 scholars. Fop. 
3,332. 

Greenwich, Warren co., N. J., 10 s. Bel- 
videre. The surface is hilly, embracing South 
mountain ; soil, productive. Drained by Lopat- 
cong, Pohatcong, and Musconetcong crs., flowing 
into Delaware r., which bounds it on the w. Mor- 
ris canal crosses the t. It contains marble, soap- 
stone, and iron. It has 17 stores, cap. $77,300 ; 

3 lumber yards, cap. $20,000 ; 1 tannery, 4 flour- 
ing m., 6 grist m., 8 saw m., 4 oil m., 1 brewery. 
Cap. in manufac. $127,900. 13 sch. 911 scholars. 
Pop. 2,902. 

Greenwich, t., Gloucester co., N. J., 7 s. w. 
Woodbury. Drained by Mantua, Repaupo, Clon- 
mel, Crab, and Racoon creeks. It contains 12 
stores, cap. $20,630 ; 1 woollen fac, 1 distillery, 

4 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufoc. $41,150. 
9 sch. 762 scholars. Pop. 2,958. 

Greenwich, p-t., Cumberland co., N. J., 73 s. 
s. w. Trenton, 184 W. The surface is level ; 
soil, generally clay and deep rich loam, and well 
cultivated. Watered by Newport, Stow, Cohan- 
sey. Mill, and Pine Mount creeks. There are in 
the t. 3 stores, cap. $8,500 ; 1 distillery, 1 tan- 
"®,'"^',i.S"st m. Cap. in manufac. $13,362. 3 
sch. 105 scliolars. Pop. 918. 
_ Greenwich, t., Berks co.. Pa., 18 n. e. Read- 
ing. Ihe surface is hilly, and the soil gravelly 
loam. Sacony cr., a branch of Meriden cr., flows 
on Its s. Ijorder, and receives Mill creek, and 
other sma 1 tributaries, which afford water power. 
It has 1 church, 3 stores, cap. $4,500; 1 forge, 2 
tanneries, 1 pottery, 3 grist m., 5 saw m., 1 oil m. 
Cap. m manufac. $3,813. Pop. 1 629 



Greenwich, p-t., Huron co., O., 93 n. by e. Co- 
lumbus, 384 W. It has 3 stores, cap. $30,000 ; 1 
fulling m., 1 grist m.. 5 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $^41,600. 3 sch. 194 scholars. Pop. 1,116. 

Greenwich Village, pv., Greenwich t., 
Hampshire co., Mass., 73 w. Boston, 393 W. 

Greenwood, p-t., O.xford co.. Me., 34 w. Au- 
gusta, 598 W. It is a good agricultural t., with a 
fertile .soil. Incorporated in 1815. It has 3 stores, 
cap. $2,400 ; 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $5,000. 307 scholars in schools. Pop. 836. 

Greenwood, p-t., Steuben co., N. ¥., 233 w. 
by s. Albany, 318 W. The surface is hilly, and 
the soil adapted to grazing. Drained by Ben- 
nett's cr. It has 2 stores, cap. $3,000 ; 1 tannery, 
1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,010. 
12 sch. 331 scholars. Pop. 1,138. 

Greenwood, p-t., Columbia co., Pa., 92 n. n. 
E. Harrisburg, 202 W. Drained by tributaries of 
Fishing cr. It has 3 stores, cap. $12,300 ; 2 full- 
ing m., 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 6 grist m., 13 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $17,660. 5 sch. 200 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,217. 

Greenwood, t., Crawford co.. Pa. It has 1 
store, cap. $1,000 ; 2 distilleries, 3 grist rn., 9 saw 
m., loilm. Cap. in manufac. $7,070. Pop. 1,171. 

Greenwood, t.. Perry co.. Pa., 10 n. e. Bloom- 
field. It has 10 stores, cap. $21,800; 1 fulling 
m., 3 tanneries, 2 printing offices, 2 weekly news- 
papers, 1 flouring m., 2 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $19,023. 3 sch. 158 scholars. Pop. 
725. 

Greenwood, t., Juniata co., Pa. Situated on 
the w. side of the Susquehanna r. It contains 9 
sch. 324 scholars. Pop. 1,237. 

Greenwood, p-v., Laurens dist., S. C, 81 N. 
w. Columbia, 505 W. 

Greenwood, p-v., Johnson co., la., 10 s. In- 
dianapolis, 586 W. It has an academy and a few 
dwellings. 

Greenwood, p-v., Caddo parish. La., 150 n. 
w. New Orleans, 1,300 W. 

Greersuurg, p-v., or Darlington, 11 n. w. Bea- 
ver, in the s. w. angle of Little Beaver t., Pa. It 
contains 1 Presbyterian church, 4 stores, 1 acad- 
emy, and 60 or 70 dwellings. 

Gregg, t., Centre co.. Pa. Tlie surface is 
mountainous ; soil, calcareous loam, and fertile in 
the valleys. Watered by Sinking cr. It has 2 
stores, cap. $12,000 ; 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 4 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $6,000. 7 sch. 245 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,671. 

Greig, t., Lewis co., N. Y. The surface is 
hilly and broken ; soil, various. It is drained by 
Otter and Fish creeks, and Moose r. It has 1 
tannery, 1 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac 
$100. 8 sch. 248 scholars. Pop. 592. 

Greigsville, p-o., York t., Livingston co., N 
Y., 234 w. Albany, 351 W. 

Grenada, p-v., Yalabusha co.. Miss., 113 n. 
Jackson, 958 W. Situated on the s. side of the 
Yalabusha r. It contains a U. S. land office, and 
several stores and dwellings. 

Grey Rock, p-o., Harford co., Md. 

Griffi.\, p-v.. Pike co., Ga., 80 vv. Milledge- 
vilie, 684 W. Situated on the Monroe railroad, 
58 N. w. Macon. 

Griffinsburg, p-v., Culpepper co., Va., 106 n. 
w. Richmond, 90 W. It contains 1 store. 

Griffin's Hollow, p-o., Jackson co., Ala., 
193 N. E. Tuscaloosa, 683 W. 

Griffin's Mills, p-v., Aurora t., Erie co., N. 
Y., 283 w. Albany, 368 W. Situated on Caze- 
nove cr., and has 1 church, 2 stores, 1 grist m., 2 
saw m., and about 20 dwellings. 

Griggstown, p-v., Franklin t., Somerset co., 
N. J., 20 N. N. E. Trenton, 194 W. Situated on 



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253 



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the E. side of Millstone r. The Delaware and 
Raritan canal passes through it. It has 1 store, 
and 6 or 8 dwellings. A copper mine has been 
wrought in the vicinity of this place, without 
much success. 

Griggsville, p-v., Pike co., 111., 61 w. Spring- 
field, 841 W. Situated 4 w. of Phillip's ferry, on 
Illinois r., on high ground, near tlie margin of a 
large undulating prairie. 

Grimsville, p-o., Berks co., Pa., 77 e. Harris- 
burg, 169 W. 

Grisson's Cotton Gin, p-o., Christian co., 
Ky., 186 w. s. w. Frankfort, 72S W. 

Griswold, p-t., New London co., Ct., 50 e. s. 
E. Hartford, 363 W. Taken from the n. part of 
Preston, in 1815. Qiiinebaug r. runs on its w. 
border, and, at Jewett city, a romantic manufac- 
turing village, containing about 1,000 inhabit- 
ants, it affords extensive water power. Pochaug r. 
passes through the t., and enters the Quinebaug 
at Jewett city. It has 7 stores, cap. $11,000; 7 
cotton fac. 9,667 sp., 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 4 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $297,450. 1 acad. 15 
students, 13 sell. 496 scliolars. Pop. 2,165. 

Griswold, p-o., Hamilton co., 111., 167 s. s. e. 
Springfield, 787 W. 

Griswold City, p-v., Franklin co.. Mo., 62 e. 
JefTerson city, 884 W. Situated on the s. bank 
of the Missouri r. 

Griswold's Mills, p-o.. Fort Ann t., Wash- 
ington CO., N. Y., 61 N. N. e. Albany, 433 W. 

Grogansville, p-o., Rockingham co., N. C, 
127 N. w. Raleigh, 285 W. 

Grooversville, p-o., Thomas co., Ga., 279 s. 
G. w. Milledgeville, 923 W. 

Groton, p-t., Grafton co., N. H., 42 n. n. w. 
Concord, 510 W. Watered by Baker's r. In- 
corporated in 1796. It has 1 store, cap. $3,000 ; 
1 fulling m., 2 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $5,850. 10 sch. 295 scholars. Pop. 870. 

GrotOiX, p-t., Caledonia co., Vt., 29 e. by s. 
Montpelier, 531 W. The surface is uneven and 
rough, but it has some good land. Drained by 
Wells r. and its branches, which afford water 
power. It has several ponds, through one of 
which Wells r. passes. Chartered in 1789. It 
has 2 stores, cap. $6,500 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanner- 
ies, 1 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufactures 
$8,950. 9 sch. 332 scholars. Pop. 928. 

Grotox. p-r., Middlesex co., Mass., 33 N. w. 
Boston, 429 W. Watered by Nashua and 
Squanecook rivers. Chartered in 1655. It has 
a flourishing female seminary. It has 6 stores, 
cap. $20,000 ; 1 paper fac, 3 grist m., 5 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $18,000. 1 acad. 70 students, 
14 sch. 747 scholars. Pop. $2,139. 

Groto.v, p-t., New London co., Ct., 45 s. e. 
Hartford, 354 W. Situated on the e. side of 
Thames r., at its mouth, opposite to New Lon- 
ilon. The surface is hilly and rough, with some 
good land, particularly on Thames r. Watered 
by Pequonnuck and Mystic rivers. It has a good 
harbor on Mystic r., and some whaling and other 
vessels are owned here. Fort Griswold, one of 
the fortifications for the defence of the harbor of 
New London, is on Groton Heights. There is a 
granite monument, 127 feet high, erected to com- 
memorate the patriots who defended this place 
when attacked under the traitor Arnold, in Sept., 
1781, and who were barbarously killed, mostly 
after they had surrendered. The fort was com- 
manded by Col. Ledyard, brother of the celebra- 
ted traveller, who was slain with his own sword, 
as he surrendered it. It has 14 stores, capital 
$22,300 ; 4 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
§13,710. 2' acad. 43 students, 11 sch. 759 schol- 
ars. Pop. 2,963. 



Groton, p-t., Tompkins co., N. V., 162 w. by 
s. Albany, 312 W. The surface is undulating ; 
soil, a fertile gravelly loam. Drained by Fall cr. 
The v. is situated on an inlet to Owasco lake, 
and contains 1 Baptist and 1 Methodist church, a 
flourishing academy, 4 stores, 1 flouring m., 3 saw 
m., 1 furnace, 1 carding machine, and 1 carriage 
fac, 50 dwellings, and about 350 inhabitants. 
There are in the t. 10 stores, cap. $39,500 ; 1 fur- 
nace, 3 fulling m., 4 tanneries, I printing office, 
1 weekly newspaper, 1 flouring m., 5 grist m., 13 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $40,250. 1 acad. 185 
students, 21 sch. 1,217 scholars. Pop. 3,618. 

Groton, p-t., Erie co., O., 95 n. Columbus, 
405 W. Dramed by Pipe cr. It has 3 sch. 198 
scholars. Pop. 854. 

Grove, p-t., Alleghany co., N. Y., 261 w. s. 
w. Albany, 347 W. The surface is undulating, 
and the soil sandy loam. Drained by Cashaque 
and Canaseraga creeks. It has 4 sch. 218 schol- 
ars. Pop. 623. 

Grove, p-o., Chester co.. Pa., 75 E. s. e. Har- 
rLsburg, 121 W. 

Grove, t., Clinton co.. Pa. It has 6 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $2,000. Pop. 239. 

Grove, p-o., Chatham co., N. C, 20 w. Ra- 
leigh, 318 W. 

Grove Hill, p-o., Warren co., N. C, 73 n. e. 
Raleigh, 219 W. 

Grove Hill, p-o., Madison co., Ga., 85 n. Mil- 
ledgeville. 

Grove Hill, p-o., Clark co., Ala., 129 s. Tus- 
caloosa, 928 W. 

Groveland, t., Livingston co., N. Y., 236 w. 
Albany. The surface is elevated and ridgy ; soil, 
mostly sand and clay loam. Conesus lake lies 
on its N. E. border. Drained by Canaseraga cr 
It has 3 stores, cap. $7,700 ; 2 grist m., 1 saw ra. 
Cap. in manufac. $13,533. 11 sch. 446 scholars. 
Pop. 2,000. 

Groveland, p-t., Oakland co., Mich., 44 n. w. 
Detroit, 568 W. It has 2 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $13,533. Pop. 655. 

Groveland, p-v., Tazewell co., HI., 62 n. 
Springfield, 776 W. 

Groveland Centre, p-o., Groveland t., Liv- 
ingston CO., N. Y., 236 w. Albany, 341 W. 

Grove Level, p-o., Franklin co., Ga., 105 n. 
Milledgeville, 620 W. 

Grove Mount, p-o.. Dyer co., Tenn. 

Groves, p-o., Fayette co., la., 54 e. Indianapo- 
lis, 525 W. 

Groveton, p-o.. Prince William co., Va., 107 
N. Richmond, 33 W. 

Gru.ndv, county, 111. Situated in tlie n. e. 
part of the state. It contains 324 sq. ms. The 
surface is level ; soil, very fertile. The Illinois 
r. takes its name on its eastern line, at the junc- 
tion of the Des Plaines and the Kankakee rivers, 
and passes w. through the centre of the county. 
The C. H. is about to be erected on the n. side 
of the Illinois, a little w. of the centre of the 
county. 

Grundv, county. Mo. Situated in the n. part 
of the state. The surface is level, and slopes to 
the s. ; soil, rich prairie land. Drained by the e. 
fork of Grand r., Medicine and Muddy crs. Cap- 
ital, Trenton. 

Guernsey, county, O. Situated in the e. part 
of the state, and contains 676 sq. ms. Named 
from the island of Guernsey, near the coast of 
France, from which a considerable number of its 
early settlers came. The surface is hilly ; soil, 
moderately good. Watered by Wills cr. and its 
branches. Grapes, from which wine is made, 
have been successfully cultivated on the sides 
of its hills, which also afford good pastiu^age 



GUI 



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GUY 



Capital, Cambridge. There were in 1840, neat 
caitle 18:285, sheep 41,583, swine 29,868; wheat 
407,319 bush, produced, rye 7,3:.;5, Indian corn 
60i,l59, buckwheat 13,773," oats 438,741, potatoes 
84,695, tobacco 1,774,129 pounds, sugar 34,420; 
biluminous coal 55,858 bush. ; 55 stores, capital 
§150,635; 18 tanneries, 8 distilleries, 2 potteries, 
20 flouring m., 59 grist m., 74 saw m., 1 printing 
office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. 
g)155,3J2. 2 colleges, 80 students, 2 acad. 83 stu- 
dents, 63 sch. 2,081 scholars. Pop. 27,748. 

GuiLDERLAND, p-t., Albany co., N. V'., 9 w. 
Albany, 379 W. The surface is level, and the 
soil indifferent. Drained by Norman's kill. It 
has 15 stores, cap. $13,450; 1 fulling m., 1 wool- 
len fac, 1 tannery. Cap. in manufac. $6,950. 
650 scholars in sch. Pop. 2,790. 

GuiLDERLAND CENTRE, p-o., Guilderland t., 
Albany co., N. Y., 12 w. Albany, 382 W. 

Guildhall, p-t., capital of Essex co., Vt., 71 
E. N. E. Montpelier, 568 W. Situated on the w. 
side of Connecticut r., across wliich here are 2 
bridges. The surface is uneven and rough, ex- 
cepting along tlie r. First settled in 1764. It 
has some small streams which afford mill seats. 
The v., in the n. e. comer, contains a court house, 
jail, and a number of dwellings. It has 1 store, 
cap. $2,000 ; 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 2 saw mills. 
Cap. in manufac. $2,000. 1 acad. 61 students, 4 
sch. 120 scholars. Pop. 470. 

Guilford, coimty, N. C. Situated toward the 
N. w. part of state, and contains 672 sq. miles. 
Drained by the head waters of Deep and Haw 
rivers. The battle of Guilford Court House, in 
1781, has been celebrated in the history of the 
revolutionary war. Capital, Greensboro'. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 1 1,629, sheep 13,462, 
swme 30,528 ; wheat 57,728 bush, produced, rye 
1,090, Ind. corn 464,962, oats 36,884, potatoes 
8,136, tobacco 8,705 pounds, cotton 126,989 ; 30 
stores, cap. .$124,948 ; 1 cotton fac. 2,500 sp., 16 
tanneries, 275 distilleries, 24 flouring m., 48 grist 
m., 39 saw m., 4 oil m., 1 printing office, 1 week- 
ly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $216,335. 3 
acad. 152 students, 13 sch. 33!) scholars. Pop. 
1830, 18,735 ; 1840, whites 15,891, slaves 2,647, 
free col'd 637 ; total, 19,175. 

Guilford, p-t., Piscataquis co.. Me., 75 n. n. 
K. Augusta, 670 W. It has a fine soil, adapted to 
wheat. Watered by Piscataquis r. and its branch- 
es. It has a pleasant v., where are a number of 
mills. It has 7 sch. 404 scholars. Population, 
892. 

Guilford, p-t., Windham co., Vt., 124 s. Mont- 
pelier, 419 W. Situated on the s. border of the 
state. The soil is fertile, adapted both to grain 
and grazing. Watered by Green r. and Broad 
brook, which afford water power. It has 4 stores, 
cap. $17,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 paper fac, 2 grist m., 
4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $49,600. 14 sch. 
496 scholars. Pop. 1,525. 

Guilford, p-t.. New Haven co., Ct., 52 s. 
Hartford, 316 W. First settled in 1639. The 
borough was incorporated in 1815, is pleasantly 
located, and the houses are neat, though many of 
them are antiquated in their appearance. It has 
2 churches— 1 Congregational and 1 Episcopal— 
and 150 dwellmgs. Tliis place is much resorted 
to for sea air and bathing. A stone dwelling is 
here .standing, built in 1640, and supposed to be 
the oldest house now standing in the United 
States. It has 16 stores, cap. $31,850 ; 1 fulling 
m., 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap in man- 
ufac. $29,000. 1 acad. 60 students, 16 sch 640 
scholars. Pop. 2,421. 

Guilford, p-t., Chenango co., N. Y , 102 w 
Albany, 3^1 W. It has a hiUy and broken sun 



face, and a fertile soil. Unadilla r. flows on its 
E. boundary. The v. contains 1 Presbyterian 
and 1 Methodist church, 2 stores, 25 dwellings, 
and about 200 inhabitants. There are in the t., 
8 stores, cap. $24,500 ; 4 fulling m., 4 tanneries, 
4 grist m., 14 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $41,350. 
21 sch. 837 scholars. Pop. 2,827. 

Guilford, t., Franklin co.. Pa., 6 s. e. Cham- 
bersburg. The e. branch of Conecocheague cr. 
runs on its w. boundary, and receives several tri- 
butaries, which afford water power. The sur- 
face is level, and the soil rests on limestone and 
slate. It has 5 stores, cap. $14,000 ; 1 distillery, 
1 flouring m., 6 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $15,500. 10 sch. 367 scholars. Pop. 3,125. 

Guilford, p-o., Madison co., O. 

Guilford, t., Medina co., O. It has a good 
soil, adapted to grain and to grazing. It contains 
the flourishing v. of Seville. There are in the t., 
1 store, cap. $1,100 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 4 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $8,425. 9 sch. 290 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,400. 

Guilford, t., Hendricks co., la. 

Guilford, v., Hanover t., Columbiana co., O 
Pop. 216. It has 1 sch. 40 scholars. 

Guilford, p-o., Accomack co., Va., 207 e. 
Richmond, 183 W. 

Guilford Centre, p-v., Guilford t, Wind- 
ham CO., Vt., 128 s. Montpelier, 423 W. 

Guilford Centre, p-o., Guilford t., Chenan- 
go CO., N. Y. 

GuiNEYS, p-o., and depot, Caroline co., Va., 49 
N. Richmond, 12 s. Fredericksburg, 68 W. Sit- 
uated on the Richmond and Potomac railroad. 

GuiONSviLLE, p-o., Dearborn co., la., 89 s. e. 
Indianapolis, 529 W. 

Gulf, p-o., Chatham co., N. C, 50 w. s. w. 
Raleigh, 338 W. Situated on the n. side of Deep 
river. 

Gulf Mills, p-o., Montgomery co.. Pa., 88 e. 
Harrisburg, 153 W. 

Gullitsville, p-v., Monroe co., Ga., 60 w. 
Milledgeville, 667 W. Situated near the mouth 
of Towelagga r. It contains an academy, 2 
stores, and several dwellings. 

GuLLEY, p-o., Darlington dist., S. C, 116 e. n. 
E. Columbia, 456 W. 

Gum Branch, p-o., Darlington dist., S. C, 100 
E. N. E. Columbia, 482 W. 

Gum Spring, p-o., Louisa co., Va., 34 n. w. 
Richmond, 157 W. 

Gum Spring, p-o., Clinton co.. 111., 86 s. Spring- 
field, 761 W. 

Gum Swamp, p-o., Columbus co., N. C, 145 s 
Raleigh, 433 W. 

Gum Tree, p-o., Chester co.. Pa., 63 e. s. e. 
Harrisburg, 112 W. 

Gustavus, p-t., Trumbull co., O., 190 n. e. Co- 
lumbus, 313 W. The surface is undulating, and 
the soil adapted to grain and to grazing. There 
is not a waste acre of land in the t. Drained by 
branches of Beaver r. It contains 1 Presbyte- 
rian and 1 Methodist church. It has 10 sch. 450 
scholars. Pop. 1,195. 

Gustavus, p-o., Greene co., Tenn., 245 e. 
Nashville, 448 W. 

Gotiiriesville, p-o., Chester CO., Pa., 63 e. 
s. e. Harrisburg. 

GuTHHiEsviLLE, p-o., York dist., S. C, 72 n. 
Columbia, 437 W. 

Guyan, t., Gallia co., O. Organized in 1826, 
and watered by a creek of the same name. It 
has 1 store, cap. $2,000. Pop. 343. 

Guyandotte, r., Va., rises in Logan co., and 
flows N. N. w., and passes through Cabell co., 
and enters the Ohio below Barbersville. It is 
about 100 ms. long. Little Guyandotte r. enters 



HAD 



255 



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the Ohio between the above and Great Kanawha 
rivers. 

GuYANnoTTE, p-v., Cabell co., Va., 359 w. n. 
w. Richmond, 396 W. Situated on the Ohio r., 
at the entrance of Gnyandotte r., on the point of 
land between these rivers, and contains 1 ctiurch, 
free to all denominations, 5 stores, 1 steam grist 
m. and saw m., 1 carding machine, 1 tannery, 
various mechanic shops, 50 dwellings, and about 
300 inhabitants. 

Guys Mills, p-o., Crawford co., Pa., 246 n. 
w. Harrisburg, 319 W. 

GuYSviLLE, p-o., Athens co., O., 86 s. e. Co- 
lumbus, 335 W. 

Gwinnett, county, Ga. Situated centrally 
toward tlie n. part of the state, and contains 648 
sq. ms. Watered by branches of Chattahoochee, 
Ocmulgee, and Oconee rivers, and divides the 



waters which flow into the Atlantic, from those 
which flow into the Gulf of Mexico. Capital, 
Lawrenceville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
8,792, sheep 4,525, swine 18,297 ; wheat 47,011 
bush, produced, rye 764, Ind. corn 317,701, oats 
53,599, potatoes 9,799, tobacco 2,828 pounds, cot- 
ton 45,297 ; 19 stores, cap. $45,900 ; 2 tanneries, 
21 distilleries, 33 grist m., 18 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $2,805. 2 acad. 81 students, 11 sch. 
224 scholars. Pop. whiles 8,552, slaves 2,238, 
free col'd 14; total, 10,804. 

GwYNNED, p-t., Montgomery co., Pa., 95 e. 
Harrisburg, 159 W. The surface is rolling ; soil, 
sandy loam. Watered by Wissahickon and 
Towamensing creeks. It has a church in the 
centre of the t. It contains 4 stores, cap. $5,500 ; 
3 grist m., 3 saw m., 1 acad. 50 students, 1 sch. 
i 30 scholars. Pop. 1,589. 



H. 



Habersham, county, Ga. Situated in the n. 
E. part of the state, and contains 760 sq. ms. The 
surface is mountainous. Turoree r., a branch of 
Tugaloo r., runs on its n. e. boundary. Watered 
by head branches of Chattahoochee r. Organ- 
ized in 1820. Capital, Clarksville. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 4,365, sheep 2,909, swine 
10,646 ; wheat 11,659 bush, produced, rye 2,441, 
Ind. corn 153,768, oats 21,877, potatoes 9,345, to- 
bacco 4,685 pounds, cotton 63,777 ; 10 stores, 
cap. $18,600 ; 1 furnace, 1 smelting house, pro- 
ducing gold to the amount of $14,431, 3 tanne- 
ries, 13 distilleries, 3 potteries, 22 grist m., 9 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $8,450. 1 acad. 35 stu- 
dents, 9 sch. 212 scholars. Pop. whites 7,007, 
slaves 942, free col'd 12; total, 7,961. 

Habolochitto, p-o., Hancock co., Miss., 168 
s. Jackson, 1,118 W. 

Hackensack, r., N. J., rises in Rockland lake, 
Rockland co., N. Y., and pursues a southwardly 
course, about 40 ms., to its entrance into Newark 
bay. In the upper part of its course, it is a fine 
mill stream. It meets the tide at Hackensack t., 
after which its course is through a marsh to the 
bay. 

Hackensack, p-v.. New Barbadoes t., capital 
of Bergen co., N. J., 14 n. by w. New York, 76 
N. e. Trenton, 242 W. Situated on the w. side 
of Hackensack r., and contains a large brick 
court house, the county offices, in a fire proof 
brick edifice, 3 churches — 1 Dutch Reformed, 
and 2 seceders from it — 2 academies, 10 stores, 
150 dwellings, and about 1,000 inhabitants. Sev- 
eral sloops ply between tliis place and New 
York. 

Hackensack, t., Bergen co., N. J., 13 n. by 
w. New York, is situated between tlie Hacken- 
sack and Hudson rivers. It is a rich agricultu- 
ral t., well cultivated. The Hackensack r. is 
navigable for sloops to the n. boundary of the 
t., afibrding it a ready access to market. It has 
5 stores, cap. $8,400 ; 1 lumber yard, cap. $1,000 ; 
1 fulling m., 9 grist m., 6 .^aw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $3,000. 6 sch. 281 scholars. Pop. 2,631. 

HACiiETTSTOWN, p-v.. Independence t., War- 
ren CO., N. J., 61 N. Trenton, 222 W. Sityated 
between the Morris canal and 3Iusconetcong r., 
which are here one mile apart. It contains 1 
Presbyterian and one Methodist church, an 
academy, 5 stores, 2 flouring m., 1 clover m., 1 
woollen fac, and 40 dwellings. 

Hackney's Cross Roads, p-o., Chatham co., 
N. C, 27 w. Raleigh, 315 W. 

Haddam, p-t., semi-capital of Middlesex co., 
Ct., 23 s. Hartford, 334 W. It is situated on 
both sides of Connecticut r. Incorporated in 



1668. The surface is uneven and rough ; soil, 
gravelly loam. The lands bordering on the r., 
though not generally alluvial, are smooth and 
fertile. Freestone is extensively quarried here, 
and exported to the amount of about $70,000 an- 
nually. The t. contains 1 Congregational, 1 
Baptist, and 2 Methodist churches. The princi- 
pal V. contains a court house, jail, a Congrega- 
tional church, and an academy. There are in 
the t. 9 stores, cap. $24,800 ; 1 tannery, 2 grist 
m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $71,700. 1 acad. 
112 students, 14 sch. 728 scholars. Population, 
2,599. 

Haddonfield, p-v., Newton t., Glocester co^ 
N. J., 35 s. w. Trenton, 145 W. It is situated on 
Cooper cr., and contains some good houses on an 
extended street, 2 churches— 1 Friends and 1 
Baptist — 7 stores, 2 grist m., 1 woollen fac, and 
2 tanneries. 

Haddonsville, p-v., Todd co., Ky., 190 s. w. 
Frankfort, 714 W. 

Hadley, p-t., Hampshire co., Mass^ 90 w. 
Boston, 383 W. Situated on the e. side of Con- 
necticut r., opposite to Northampton, with which 
it is connected by a bridge 1,080 feet long. In- 
corporated in 1661. The alluvial meadows on 
Connecticut r. are exceedingly fertile. The v. 
is chiefly built on 2 streets, one of which is a 
mile long and 20 rods wide, and contains a Con- 
gregational church, and Hopkins Academy, a 
flourishing institution. There are in the t. 7 
stores, cap. $15,800 ; 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 5 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $69,525. 1 acad. 91 stu- 
dents, 10 sch. 466 scholars. Pop. 1,814. 

Hadley, p-t., Saratoga co., N. Y., 58 n. Alba- 
ny, 427 W. The surface is hilly and mountain- 
ous. Hudson r. bounds it on the e. W^atered 
by Sacandaga r., which here unites with the 
Hudson. Just above the entrance of Sacanda- 
ga r., are Hadley falls, in Hudson r. It has 
1 store, 1 fulling m., 1 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $6,630. 6 sch. 230 scholars. Pop. 
865. 

Hadley, p-t., Lapeer co., Mich., 58 n. Detroit, 
581 W. It has 1 sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 365. 

Hadley, p-v.. Will co., 111., 174 n. e. Spring- 
field, 751 W. 

Hadley's Mills, p-o., Chatham co., N. C.,45 
w. Raleigh, 329 W. 

Hadlyme, p-v., East Haddam t.. New London 
CO., Ct., 39 s. Hartford, 338 W. It contains 2 
churches — 1 Baptist, 1 Congregational — and seve- 
ral dwellings. 

Haerlem, p-v., New York co., N. Y., 7i n. n. 
e. New York, 150 s. Albany, 232 W. Situated on 
Haerlem r., on a plain, and contains 4 churches 



HAL 



256 



HAL 



1 Episcopal, 1 Dutch Reformed, 1 Methodist. 

and 1 Roman Catholic — 10 stores, 1 railroad car 
and coach fac, 2 carriage and wagon fac, 1 car- 
pet lac, and 1 lumber yard. A toll bridge here 
crosses Ilaerlem r. The Haerlem railroad passes 
through the place, and cars communicate with 
the City Hall, New York, several times an hour. 
Omnibuses also run continually to the Bowery, 
through the Third Avenue, a beautifully Macad- 
amized road. Haerlem belongs to the 12th ward 
of the city. 

Haerlem, p-t., Delaware co., O., 27 n. by e. 
Columbus, 398 W. Situated in the n. e. corner 
of the county, and possesses a fertile soil. It has 
6 sch. 129 scholars. Pop. 963. 

Haerlem Springs, p-o., Carroll co., O., 131 
E. N. E. Columbus, 290 W. 

Hagerman's Mills, p-v., Amsterdam t., Mont- 

fomery c6., N. Y., 36 w. n. w. Albany, 404 W. 
lere are 1 church, 1 store, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 

1 carpet fac, and about 25 dwellings. 
Hagerstown, p-v., capital of Washington co., 

Md., 26 N. w. Frederick, 70 w. Baltunore, 101 n. 
w. Annapolis, 69 W. It is pleasantly situated on 
the w. bank of Antictam cr. It is regularly laid 
out, and built mostly with stone or brick houses, 
and contauis a handsome court house, which cost 
$50,000, a jail, 2 banks, 2 academies, a town hall, 
masonic hall, an almshouse, 9 churches — 1 Ger- 
man Reformed, 1 Lutheran, 1 Presbyterian, 1 
Episcoptd, 2 Methodist, 1 Roman Catholic, and 

2 African ; 40 stores of different kinds, 2 for- 
warding and commission houses, 5 printing of- 
fices, and 4 daily or weekly newspapers, 400 
dwellings, and 3,750 inhabitants. 

Hagerstown, p-v., Monroe t., Preble co., O., 
103 w. Columbus, 496 W. 

Hagerstown, p-v., Wayne co., la., 60 e. In- 
dianapolis, 522 W. Situated on the w. side of 
the west fork of White Water r. 

Hague, p-t., Warren co., N. Y., 91 n. Albany, 
464 W. The surface is hilly or mountainous. 
Bounded e. by Lake George. It has 1 grist m., 
4 saw m., 6 sch. 265 scholars. Pop. 610. 

Hague, p-v., Westmoreland co., Va., 76 n. e. 
Richmond, 135 W. 

Hague, p-v., Logan co., Ky., 174 s. w. Frank- 
fort, 6S8 W. 

Hains, t.. Centre co.. Pa., 19 e. Bellefonte. 
The surface is mountainous ; soil, in the valleys, 
calcareous loam. Two creeks, running w. some 
distance, are lost in limestone fissures. It con- 
tains the villages of Aaronsburg and Millheim. 
It has 1 furnace, 4 tanneries, 3 grist m., 5 saw m. 
Cap. in manufae. $24,300. Pop. 2,002. 

Halcottsville, p-o., Miadletown t., Dela- 
ware CO., N. Y., 72 w. s. w. Albany, 345 W. 

Hale, p-o., Shelby co., O., 78 w. N. w. Colum- 
bus, 472 W. 

Hale, t.. Harden co., O. Pop. 267. 

Halesford, p-o., Franklin co., Va., 163 w. s. 
vv. Richmond, 238 W. 

Haleysburg, p-o., Lunenburg co., Va., 93 s. 
w. Richmond, 195 W. 

Half Acre, v., Putnam co., Ga. It has a 
JMethodist church, an academy, 3 stores, and sev- 
eral dwellings. 

c. "'^''J P,"^' P-°-' Lake CO., 111., 232 n. n. e. 
bpnngfield, 738 W. 

Ai^'"^^o^l°?,^' P/i' Saratoga co.. N. Y., 13 n. 
Albany, 3S3 W. The surface is generally level ; 
soil sand, sandy loam and clay, and productive. 
Hudson r runs on its e. border. The Champlain 
canal and Rensselaer and Saratoga railroad pass 
through the t. It has 8 stores, cap. $15,550 : 2 
fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 grist in., 2 saw m 
Capital m manufactures $13,990. 1 academy 



69 students, 2 schools, 86 scholars. Population, 
2,631. 

Half Moon, p-t., Centre co.. Pa., 99 n. w. 
Harrisburg, 180 W. The surface is mountainous ; 
soil, in the valleys, calcareous loam. Watered 
by Bald Eagle cr. and Half Moon run, a branch 
of Spruce cr. A ridge of the Alleghany moun- 
tains forms its w. boundary, E. of which is Bald 
Eagle valley, bounded e. by Bald Eagle ridge. 
It has 4 stores, cap. $12,0C0; 1 furnace, 1 tan- 
nery, 1 pottery, 4 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in 
manufae. $30,500. 6 sch. 240 scholars. Pop. 
1,406. 

Half Way Swamp, p-o., Edgefield dist., S. C, 
82 w. Columbia, 532 W. 

Halifax, county, Va., situated, centrally, on 
the s. border of tlie state, and contains 759 square 
miles. Staunton r. runs on its n. border. Wa- 
tered by Bannister and Dan rivers, and their 
branches. The soil is fertile. Capital, Bannister. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 13,614, sheep 
17,431, swine 30,981; wheal 78,164 bush, prod., 
Ind. corn 598,251, oats 231,277, potatoes 15,546, 
tobacco 6,209,51 1 poimds, cotton 22,289 ; 20 stores, 
cap. $170,900; 7 tanneries, 1 distillery, 9 flour- 
ing in., 32 grist m., 38 saw m. Cap. in manufae. 
$239,000. 1 college, 14 acad. 298 students, 24 
sch. 511 scholars. • Pop. wliites 11,145, slaves 
14,216, free col'd 575 ; total, 25,936. 

Halifax, comity, N. C, situated toward the 
N. E. part of the state, and contains 720 square 
ms. Roanoke r. rmis on its .\. e. border, and 
Fishing cr. on its s. border, by branches of which 
it is watered. Vessels of 45 tons ascend the 
Roanoke to the capital of the co. The soil is fer- 
tile. Capital, Halifax. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 13,392, sheep 8,270, swine 38,651 ; wheat 
1 1,230 bush, prod., Ind. corn. 669,325, oats 72,032, 
potatoes 49,162, tobacco 147,246 pounds, cotton 
2,905,573; 4 commission houses, cap. $5,100 ; 29 
stores, cap. $132,330 ; 34 grist m., 7 saw in., 2 
printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in 
manufae. $19,875. 9 acad. 153 students, 10 sch. 
118 scholars. Pop. whites 5,623, slaves 9,405, 
free col'd 1,837 ; total, 16,865. 

Halifax, p-t., Windham co., Vt., 136 s. Mont- 
pelier, 421 W. The surface is elevated and un- 
even, and the soil fertile, and w'ell adapted to 
grazing. Watered by Green river, a branch of 
Deerfield r., and by North r., both of which afford 
good water power. On a branch of North r. is a 
succession of cascades, extending 100 rods, with 
falls, from 15 to 20 ffeet each. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $9,000; 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 8 saw m. 
Cap. in manufae. $8,125. 1 acad. 100 students, 
15 sch. 491 scholars. Pop. 1,399. 

Halifax, p-t., Plymouth co., Mass., 36 s. s. e. 
Boston, 436 W. The surface is generally level, 
and much of the soil fertile. Several large ponds, 
by their outlets, afford water power. Incorpo- 
rated in 1734. It has 2 stores, cap. $1,500 ; 1 
woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 300 sp., 6 saw m. Cap. 
in manufae. $23,000. 5 sch. 139 scholars. Pop. 
734. 

Halifa.x, p-t., Daupliin co.. Pa., 23 n. Harris- 
burg, 133 W. Bounded w. by the Susquehanna 
r. The surface is hilly ; soil, red shale. Peter's 
mountain bounds it on the s., and a ridge runs 
through it. The v. is situated on the E. bank of 
Susquehanna r. Armstrong cr. flows e. of the 
v., near which it moves a mill, and enters the 
Susquehanna, one mile above. It has 4 stores, 
and about 80 dwellings. There are in the t., 13 
stores, cap. $31,750 ; 1 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 1 
distillery, 2 flouring m., 3 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. 
in manufae. $4,735 ; 7 sch. 445 scholars. Pop. 
2,603. 



HAL 



257 



HAM 



Halifax, p-v., capital of Halifax co., Va., 127 
s. w. Richmond, 214 W. It is known by the 
name of Banister. Situated on the s. side of 
Banister r., 10 miles below the head of naviga- 
tion. It contains a court house, jail, 2 churches 
— 1 Episcopal and 1 Methodist — a masonic hall, 
4 stores, various mechanic shops, 2 flouring m., 
2 saw m., 2 cotton gins, 25 or 30 dwellings, and 
250 or 300 inhabitants. 

Halifax, p-v., port of entry, and capital of 
Halifax co., N. C, 80 n. e. Raleigh, 220 W. 
Pleasantly situated on the w. bank of Roanoke 
r., 7 miles below the great falls, at the head of 
sloop navigation. It is regularly laid out, and 
contains a court house, jail, a bank, a church, and 
lias considerable trade. By means of a canal 
around the falls, the Roanoke is navigable for 
boats, 130 miles above this place. 

Halifax, p-v., Wilson county, Tenn., 24 e. 
Nashville, 660 W. 

Halifax, p-v., Kemper co., Miss., 101 e. n. e. 
Jackson, 913 W. 

Hall, county, Ga. Situated toward the N. E. 
part of the state, and contains 525 sq. ms. The 
surface is hilly ; and the soil, in some places, ex- 
cellent. Watered by Sooque r., with its branch- 
es, which unite with Chestatee r., on the w. bor- 
der of the CO., to form the Chattahoocliee river. 
Capital, Gainesville. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 5,697, sheep 4,199; swine 12,041; wheat 
24,496 bushels prod., rye 868, Ind. corn 224,395, 
barley 10, oats 39,446, potatoes 8,950, tobacco 
19,190 pounds, cotton 482,313; 16 stores, cap. 
$33,600 ; 4 tanneries, 7 distilleries, 3 flouring m., 
34 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $35,994. 
2acad. 40 students, 13 scli. 313 scholars. Pop. 
whites 6,773, slaves 1,099, free col'd 3; total, 
7,875. 

Hallett's Cove, p-v.. Queens co., N. Y. 
(See Astoria.) 

Halloca, p-o., Muscogee co., Ga., 140 w. s. 
w. Mill edge ville, 773 W. 

Hallowell, p-t., Kennebec co.. Me., 2 s. 
Augusta, 593 W. The village is pleasantly situ- 
ated on the w. side of Kennebec r. The prin- 
cipal streets run parallel with the river, ancl are 
crossed by other streets, which ascend as they 
proceed back from the r., to the height of 200 
ieet. The principal business street runs near 
the r., and contains a large number of fine brick 
stores and warehouses. The houses are built 
with neatness and taste, and have commanding 
situations. Vessels of 150 tons, and drawing 9 
feet of water, come toils wharves. It has con- 
siderable shipping, engaged chiefly in the coast- 
ing trade. Steamboats ply between this place. 



Hall's Corners, p-o., Seneca t., Ontario co., 
N. Y., 184 w. Albany, 337 W. 

Hall's Cross Roads, p-o., Harford co., 3Id., 
59 N. Annapolis, 69 W. 

Hall's Mills, p-v., Rensselaerville t., Albany 
CO., N. Y., 31 Albany, 364 W. Here are 1 church, 
2 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., and about 20 dwell- 
ings. 

Hall's Store, p-o., Sussex co., Del., 66 s. 
Dover, 153 W. 

Hall's Valley, p-o., Morgan co., O., 77 e. 
Columbus, 336 W. 

Hallsville, p-o., Minden t., Montgomery co 
N. Y., 58 w. N. w. Albany, 339 W. 

Hallsvillf., p-v., Duplin co., N. C, 97 s e 
Raleigh, 327 W. 

Hallsville, p-o., Coleraine t., Ross co., O., 
63 s. Columbus, 408 W. 

Hallsville, p-v., Chester dist., S. C, 52 n. 
Columbia, 476 W. 

Hallstown, p-v., Jefferson co., Va., 172 n. 
Richmond, 61 W. 

Hambaugh's, p-o., Warren co., Va., 147 n. n. 
w. Richmond, 93 W. 

Hambqrg, p-v., Lyme t.. New London co., Ct., 
34 s. s. E. Hartford. 338 W. 
^Hamburg, p-t., p]rie co., N. Y., 300 w. Albany, 
372 W. The surface is undulating ; soil, a fer- 
tile calcareous loam, adapted to grain or grass. 
Drained by Smokes, Rush, and Cauquaga creeks, 
flowing into Lake Erie, which bounds it on the 
w. It has 3 stores, cap. $35,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 
tannery, 2 grist m., 16 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$19,100; 31 sch. 1,333 scholars. Pop. 3,727. 

PIamburg, p-v., Vernon t., Sussex co., N. J., 
86 N. Trenton, 251 W. Situated near the e. 
bank of Wallkill r. It contains 1 church, belong- 
ing to the Presbyterians and Baptists, 4 stores, 2 
grist m., 2 saw m., and about 20 dwellings. 

Hamburg, p-v., Windsor t., Berks co.. Pa., 68 
e. n. e. Harrisburg, 161 W. Situated near the 
Schuylkill Water Gap of Blue mountain, and 
contains 1 cliurch, common to Lutherans and 
German Presbyterians, 5 stores, 1 grist m., 100 
dwellings, and about 700 inhabitants. 

Hamburg, p-v., Edgefield dist., S. C, 79 s. w. 
Columbia, 574 W. Situated on the e. side of 
Savannah r., opposite to Augusta, Ga., with 
which it is connected by a bridge, 1,000 feet long. 
The South Caroluia railroad, 135^ miles long, 
connects this place with Cliarleston, and cost 
$1,750,000. The v. is divided into the upper 
and lower town. Tlie latter, where most of the 
business is done, is on the bank of the r. Back 
of the r. the ground rises abruptly to the height 
of 60 or 70 feet, on the top of wliich the upper 



and Portland, and Boston. Granite is found in town is built, having many commanding and airy 
Hallowell, and extensively exported. It is of a situations. It is regularly laid out, and contains 



light color, and is easily wrought The t. extends 
on both sides of the river. It has 4 tanneries. 
Cap. in manufac. .$13,500. 1 acad. 36 students, 
29 sch. 950 scholars. Pop. 4,654. 

Hallowell Cross Roads, p-o., Kennebec 
CO., Me., 4 w. by s. Augusta. 598 W. 

Hall's Stream, N. H., a small r., rises in the 
highlands which form the n. e. boundary of the 
United States, and flows into Connecticut river, 
forming its n. w. source. By the late treaty, 
tliis stream constitutes a part of the boundary of 
the United States, until it intersects the old line 
of 1784, marked as 45° n. lat., but which is now- 
ascertained to be a little north of 45 degrees. 
The old line, however, is fixed on as the perma- 
nent boundary. 

Hallsborough, p-o., Chesterfield co., Va., 18 
s. Richmond, 135 W. It contains 1 Baptist 
church, 1 store, and several dwellings. 
33 



a bank, a printing oflice, many large stores and 
warehouses, 450 dwellings, and about 2,500 in- 
habitants. 

Hamburg, p-v., Macon co., Ga., 88 s. w. Mil- 
ledgeville, 744 W. Situated 4 ms. w. of Flint r. 

Hamburg, p-v., Perry co., Ala., 65 s. Tusca- 
loosa, 841 W. 

Hamburg, p-v., Calhoun co., 111., 95 s. w. 
Springfield, 865 W. Situated on the E. side of 
Mississippi r. It has a good landing. It contains 
3 stores, cap. $9,000 ; 1 grist m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $30,500. 1 sch. 20 scholars. Pop. 214. 

Hamburg, p-v., Hardin co., Tenn., 140 s. w. 
Nashville, 817 W. 

Hamburg, p-t., Livingston co., Mich., 51 w. n. 
w. Detroit, 544 W. It is a fertile t., and has 2 
stores, cap. $8,000; 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $2,000. 6 sch. 173 scholars. Pop. 
602. 



HAM 



258 



HAM 



Hamburg, p-v., Clarke co., la., 120 s. by e. 
Indianapolis, 605 W. 

Hamburg, p-o., Franklia co., Miss., 95 s. w. 
Jackson, 1,104 W. 

Hamburg on the Lake, p-v., Hamburg t., 
Erie co., N. Y., 300 w. Albany, 379 W. Situated 
on the E. shore of Lake Erie, and contains 1 
church, 2 stores, 2 tanneries, and about 30 dwell- 
ings. 

Hamden, p-t., Delaware cc, N. Y.,89 w. s. w. 
Albany, 329 W. The surface is broken and 
mountainous ; soil, various. Drained by vv. 
branch of Delaware r. It has 5 stores, cap. 
$8,300 ; 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 10 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $21,350. 13 sch. 461 
scholars. Pop. 1,469. 

Hamden, p-t.. New Haven co., Ct., 33 s. s. w. 
Hartford, 306 W. Situated between two moun- 
tain ranges, terminating at East and West Rock, 
near New Haven. Soil adapted to grazing. 
Drained by Mill r., which affords water power. 
The v. of Whitney ville is situated in the s. E. 
part of the t., and has some mills and manufac- 
tories. The Farmington canal passes through 
the t. It has 3 stores, cap. $6,000 ; 1 grist m., 3 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $47,300. 10 sch. 529 
scholars. Pop. 1,797. 

Hamersville, p-o., Clark t., Brown co., O., 
115 s. s. w. Columbus, 474 W. 

Hamilton, county, N. Y. Situated in the n. 
E. part of the state, and contains 1,064 sq. miles. 
Erected in 1816, organized in 1839. The surface 
is elevated, and in part hilly and mountamous, 
abounding with numerous small lakes and ponds. 
Drained by Indian and Sacandaga rivers, branch- 
es of the Hudson r., and Moose and Racket riv- 
ers. The middle and n. parts are a wilderness. 
Iron ore extensively exists. Capital, Lake Pleas- 
ant. There were m 1840, neat cattle 2,056, sheep 
3,263, swine 1,034; wheat 3,021 bush, produced, 
Ind. com 3,660, buckwheat 2,843, oats 13,697, 
potatoes 45,264, sugar 35,156 pounds ; 3 stores, 
cap. $9,500 ; 2 grist m., 22 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $15,415. 13 sch. 579 scholars. Pop. 1,907. 

Hamilton, county, O. Situated in the s. vv. 
corner of the state, and contains 400 sq. miles. 
The soil is productive, and well adapted to grain 
and fruit. Watered by Little and Big Miami, 
and Whitewater rivers, and Mill and Deer creeks. 
The Ohio r. washes its s. border. Capital, Cin- 
cinnati. There were in 1840, neat cattle 16,370, 
sheep 17,271, swine 51,833; wheat 213,815 bush, 
produced, rye 14,381, Ind. corn 1.356,889, buck- 
wheat 2,036, barley 25,107, oats 290,670, potatoes 
120,355 ; 42 commercial and 36 com. houses, cap. 
$5,200,000; 1,139 stores, cap. $12,961,590; 23 
lumber yards, cap. $161,300; 14 furnaces, 6 
fulling m., 13 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac, 24 tan- 
neries, 13 distilleries, 7 breweries, 1 powder m., 
1 pottery, 22 flouring m., 9 grist m., 30 saw m., 5 
oil m., 1 paper fac, 32 printing offices. Cap. in 
manufac. $7,792,312. 3 colleges, 112 students, 
3 acad. 215 sludents, 122 sch. 6,544 scholars. 
Fop. 1830, 52,321; 1840, 80,145. 

Hamilton, county, Tenn. Situated in the s. 
E. part ot the state, and contains 464 sq. ms. Ten- 
nessee r. runs through the middle of tiie co. Wa- 
tered by small branches of the Tennessee r., the 
largest of which is Chickamauga creek. Capital, 
. ^*o J^^'^y^^'"'' ^" 1840, neat cattle 9,116, 
sheep 3,5G1, swine 23,393; wheat 11,093 bush 
produced, rye 1,796 Indian corn 2S:i,295. oats 
29,3J0, potatoes 7,37S, cotton 13,755 pounds • 4 

«7T,VT">^""'^'''="'.S*'"'™'^; 21 stores, cap. 
$UO,1jO; 2 tanneries, h distilleries, 1 flouring m, 
10 grist m., 22 saw m., 1 printing otTice, 1 weekly 
newspaper. Cap. m inanulac $32,450. 5 sch 



133 scholars. Pop. whites 7,498, slaves 584, free 
cord93; total, 8,175. 

Hamilton, county, Flor. Situated in the n. 
part of the ter. Withlacoochee r. runs on its w. 
border, and the Little Suwannee r. on the s. The 
soil is good, and finely watered. Drained by 
Allapahaw r., which passes through it« centra 
Capital, Jasper. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
6,913, swine 5,139; Ind. corn 20,798 bush, pro- 
duced, potatoes 14,255, rice 14,950, cotton 54,000 
pounds ; 4 stores, cap. $14,500 ; 6 grist m., 1 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $7,400. 1 sch. 12 schol- 
ars. Pop. whites 1,034, slaves, 427, free col'd 3 ; 
total, 1,464. 

Hamilton, county, la. Situated in the cen- 
tral part of the state, and contains 400 sq. miles. 
The land along the streams is well timbered. 
There are some prairies. Watered by w. fork 
of White r. and its tributaries. Capital, Nobles- 
ville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 8,928, 
sheep 6,924, swine 28,930 ; wheat 40,662 bush, 
produced, rye 2,572, Indian corn 410,569, buck- 
wheat 1,370, oats 57,143, potatoes 31,255, tobacco 
12,747 pounds, sugar 139,353 ; 16 stores, capital 
$66,820 ; 4 tanneries, 9 distilleries, 22 grist m., 30 
saw m., 2 potteries, 2 printing offices. Cap. in 
manufac. $29,520. 10 sch. 314 scholars. Pop. 
9,855. 

Hamilton, county. 111. Situated in the s. e. 
part of the state, and contains 432 sq. ms. Or- 
ganized in 1821. The soil is indifferent, with 
considerable swamp in the n. part. Watered 
by branches of Saline creek and Little Wabash 
r. Capital, McLeansboro. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 4,717, sheep 2,451, swine 10,671 ; 
wheat 10,675 bush, produced, Ind. corn 122,095, 
oats 120,768, potatoes 5,056, tobacco 3,830 pounds, 
cotton 18,430; 12 stores, cap. $13,550; 2 tanner- 
ies, 10 distilleries, 1 pottery, 20 grist m., 4 saw 
m. 7 sch. 67 scholars. Pop. 3,945. 

Hamilton, p-t., Essex co., Mass., 22 n. n. e. 
Boston, 462 W. The surface is gently uneven ; 
soil, fertile. Organized in 1793. Watered by a 
branch of Ipswich r. It has 4 stores, cap. $2,0U0 ; 

1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 

2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $14,500. 4. sch. 150 
scholars. Pop. 818. 

Hamilton, p-t., Madison co., N. Y., 96 w. by 
N. Albany, 355 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, 
a fertile calcareous loam. Drained by the head 
waters of Chenango r. The v. is situated on 
Chenango r., and contains 3 churches, an acade- 
my, 20 stores, 1 flouring m., 1 tannery, 400 
dwellings, and about 1,500 inhabitants. The 
Hamilton Literary and Theological Institution 
is located here, and is under the direction of the 
Baptists. It was founded in 1820, has 4 profes- 
sors, 27 students, has educated 124, and has 
2,250 vols, in its library. It has 2 collegiate 
edifices. There are in the t., 17 stores, cap. 
$43,575 ; 3 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 4 tanneries, 
2 printing offices, 1 weekly newspaper, 4 grist 
m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $40,625. 1 
acad. 187 students, 18 sch. 916 scholars. Pop. 
3,738. 

Hamilton, t., Atlantic co., N. J., 30 s. e. 
Woodbury. The surface is level; soil, sandy, 
covered with pine forest. Drained by Great Egg 
Harbor. It contains the v. of May's Landing. 
It has 8 stores, cap. $14,400 ; 1 furnace, 1 forge, 
2 grist m., 3 saw in. Cap. in manufac. $22,150. 
6 sch. 462 scholars. Pop. 1,565. 

Hamilton, t., Adams co.. Pa., 12 n. e. Get- 
tysburg. The surface is level ; soil, red gravel 
and flint. Conewago cr. flows on its w. and n. 
boundary. Watered by Beaver run. It has 2 
stores, cap. $6,000; 3 distilleries, 2 potteries, I 



HAM 



259 



HAM 



flouring m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $17,700. i 
1 sch. 20 scholars. Pop. 1,069. 

H.4..WILT0N, p-v., Loudon co., Va., 159 ms. n. 
Richmond, 40 W. 

Hamilton, p-v., Martin co., N. C, 127 e. Ra- 
leigh, 251 W. 

H.\MiLTON, p-v., Fairfield t., capital of Butler 
CO., O., 102 w. s. vv. Columbus, 490 W. Situa- 
ted on the s. E. bank of the Great Miami r., and 
contains 5 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episco- 
pal, 1 Methodist, 1 Associate Reformed, and 1 
Roman Catholic — 1 female academy, 1 bank, 13 
stores, 7 warehouses, 2 grist m,, 1 saw m., 1 brew- 
ery, 1 cloth dressing and carding machine, 250 
dwellings, and about 1,800 inhabitants. It is con- 
nected with Rossville, on the opposite side of 
Miami r., by a bridge. 

Hamilton, v., Blockley t., Philadelphia co.. 
Pa., 1 m. w. from the bridge over the Schuyl- 
kill r. It has several streets crossing each other 
at right angles, and contains a church, several 
stores, some pleasant country seats, and about 
70 dwellings. 

Hamilton, t., Franklin co., O. Situated on 
the E. side of Scioto r. The Columbus lateral 
canal passes through it. It has 2 schools, and 40 
scholars. Pop. 1,119. 

Hamilton, t., Jackson co., O., 8 Jackson C. 
H. It has 1 furnace. Pop. 1,711, 

Hamilton, t., Warren co., O. It has 7 sch. 
809 scholars. Pop. 2,457. 

Hamilton, p-t.. Van Buren co., Mich, Pop. 
145. 

Hamilton, p-v., Hamilton co.. 111. 

Hamilton, p-v., capital, Harris co., Ga., 126 
w. s. w. Milledgeville. Situated on the western 
extremity of Oak mt., and contains a court house, 
jail, 1 Baptist and 1 Methodist church, 2 acade- 
mies, 5 stores, and 35 dwellings. 

Hamilton, p-v., Autauga co., Ala., 92 s. e. 
Tuscaloosa, 847 W. 

Hamilton, p-v., Monroe co.. Miss., 156 n. e. 
.Tackson, 837 W. Situated li ms, e, of the Tom- 
bigbee r. 

Hamilton, t., McKean CO., Pa. It has 2 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $2,000. Pop. 52. 

Hamilton, t., Franklin co.. Pa. The surface 
is hilly ; soil, calcareous loam, and slaty. Drain- 
ed by the main branch of Conecocheague cr., 
and Back cr. its tributary. It has 1 store, cap. 
$2,000 ; 1 distillery, 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 2 
saw ni. Cap. in manufac. $6,000. 7 sch. 210 
scholars. Pop. 1,719. 

Hamilton, t., Monroe co.. Pa. The surface 
is partly hilly or mountainous, and partly level ; 
soil, gravel. Drained by McMichaels, Pokons, 
and Cherry creeks, which flow e. to the Dela- 
ware. It has 3 stores, cap. $10,500; 1 tannery, 
5 grist m., 11 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,100. 
Pop. 1,503, 

Hamilton Ban, t., Adams co.. Pa. The sur- 
face is level ; soil, calcareous loam and red gravel. 
The s. branch of Marsh cr. flows on its n. boun- 
dary, and tlie main stream of that cr. on the e. 
Watered by Middle cr.. Muddy run, and Toms 
cr. Copper and iron ore are found, and some 
sulphur springs. It has 6 stores, cap. $2,500 ; 2 
fimiaces, 6 tanneries, 1 flouring m., 8 saw m., 13 
sch. 594 scholars. Pop. 1,460. 

Hamiltonville, or Newtown Hamilton, p-v., 
Wayne t., Mifflin co.. Pa. Situated on the w. 
bank of Juniata r., and on the line of the Penn- 
sylvania canal. In 1828, it contained but 4 huts. 
It now has several stores, and about 40 dwell- 
ings. 

Hamlins Grant, t., Oxford co., Me. It has 1 
sch. 42 scholars. Pop, 80, 



Hamli.nton, p-o., Wayne co., Pa., 151 N, K. 
Harrisburg, 245 W. 

Hammock's Grove, p-o., Crawford co,, Ga., 
62 s. w. Milledgeville, 718 W. 

Hammond, p-t., St. Lawrence co., N. Y., 189 
N. N. w, Albany, 456 W. The surface is level ; 
soil, a fertile sand and clay, adapted to grain or 
grass. The St. Lawrence r. bounds it on the 
w., and Black lake on the e. The v. contains 1 
Presbyterian and 1 Methodist church, 2 stores, 
25 dwellings, and about 150 inhabitants. There 
are in the t., 3 stores, cap. $15,000 ; 3 fulling m., 

1 tannery, 3 .saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,600. 
10 sch. 388 scholars. Pop. 1,845. 

Hammondsport, p-v., Urbanna t., Steuben co., 
N. Y. Situated at the s. end of Crooked lake. 
It contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Episcopal 
church, 12 stores, 3 warehouses, 1 flouring m., 1 
saw m., 1 tannery, 100 dwellings, and 700 in- 
habitants. A passage boat plies daily 22 ms. to 
Penn Yan, and it communicates 8 ms. with Sene- 
ca lake, by Crooked Lake canal. 

Hammond's Mills, p-o., Windham co., Vt, 
113 s. Montpelier, 440 W. 

Hammond's Mills, p-o., Campbell t., Steuben 
CO., N. Y., 214 w. s. w. Albany, 285 W. 

Hammo.nd's Store, p-o., Anson co., N, C, 151 
s. w, Raleigh, 430 W. 

Hammonton, p-o., Atlantic co., N. J., 60 s 
Trenton, 170 W. 

Hamorton, p-o., Chester co.. Pa., 78 e. s. e, 
Harrisburg, 109 W, 

Hampden, county, Mass. Situated in the s_. 
toward the w. part of the state, and contains 535 
sq. ms. Organized in 1812, Watered by Con- 
necticut r., which runs from n. to s. through the 
middle of the co., and Westfield and Chickopee 
rivers its branches, which afford extensive water 
power. Quinebaug r. rises in Brimfield, in the 
s. e. part of the co. The surface is various, and 
the soil fertile. The Hampshire and Hampden 
canal, a continuation of the Farmington canal, 
passes through tlie co. Small steamboats run 
on the Connecticut r. to Springfield. Capital, 
Springfield, There were in 1840, neat cattle 
20,481, sheep 29,176, .swine 8,818; wheat 9,852 
bush, produced, rye 95,633, Ind. corn 134,461, 
buckwheat 21,376, oats 126,763, potatoes 334,764, 
.sugar 59,'391 pounds; 144 stores, cap. $402,600; 

2 lumber yards, cap. $6,000 ; 7 fulling m., 5 
woollen fac, 17 cotton fac. 86,938 sp., 21 tanne- 
ries, 2 distilleries, 2 breweries, 6 powder m., 25 
grist m., 62 saw m., 7 paper fac, 8 printing offices, 
2 binderies, 5 weekly newspapers. Cap. in 
manufac. $3,369,515. 7 acad. 710 students, 203 
sch. 6,536 scholars. Pop. 37,366. 

Hampden, p-t., Penobscot co.. Me., 62 e. n. e. 
Augusta, 657 W. Situated on the w. side of the 
Penobscot r., 6 ms. s. Bangor. W^atered by 
Sowadabscook r., which affords extensive water 
power. The soil is fertile. It exports luiuber, 
and agricultural productions. It has 15 stores, 
cap. $15,700 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 paper fac, 
2 flouring m., 2 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $50,950. 1 acad. 98 students, 15 sch. 1,219 
scholars. Pop. 2,663. 

Hampden, p-t., Geauga co., O., 175 n. e. Co- 
lumbus, 338 W, It has 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 3 
saw ra. Cap. in manufac, $450. 9 sch. 326 
scholars. Pop. 840. 

Hampshire, county, Mass. Situated central- 
ly toward the w. part of the state, and contains 
532 sq. ms. Connecticut r. runs through the 
middle of it, from n. to s., by which, and small 
tributaries, which afTord water power, it is water- 
ed. The surface and soil are various, but on 
Connecticut r. it is exceedingly fertile. The old 



HAM 



260 



HAN 



county of Hampshire, which included Franklin 
and Hampden counties, was organized in 1662. 
Capital, Northampton. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 2e,533, sheep 60,935, swine 8,955; 
wheat 15,974 bush, produced, rye 66,542, Ind. 
corn 175,271, buckwheat 14,852, barley 2,211, 
oats 97,449, potatoes 355,733, sugar 141,316 
pounds ; 123 stores, cap. $326,750 ; 2 furnaces, 
19 fulling m., 17 woollen fac, 5 cotton fac. 1,400 
sp., 25 tanneries, 1 flouring m., 40 grist m., 122 
saw m., 6 paper fac, 5 printing offices, 3 binde- 
ries, 3 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. 
$963,285. 1 college, 169 students, 11 acad. 539 
students, 204 sch. 8,909 scholars. Pop. 30,897. 

H.\MPSHiRE, county, Va. Situated in the n. 
part of the state, and contaifs 960 sq. ms. The 
N. branch of the Potomac r. Funs on its n. border. 
Watered by the s. branch of the Potomac, and 
several tributaries of the Potomac. Several 
mountain ridges pa.ss through it ; the soil in the 
valleys between them is very fertile. Capital, 
Romney. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
14,937, sheep 27,416, swine 17,781 ; wheat 
178,714 bush, produced, rye 52,148, Ind. corn 
470,797, buckwheat 26,167, oats 173,953, pota- 
toes 71,397; 23 stores, cap. $158,100; 1 forge, 
3 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 11 tanneries, 3 dis- 
tilleries, 16 flouring m., 32 grist m., 62 saw m., 2 
oil m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. 
Cap. in manufac. $63,320. 2 acad. 55 students, 
25 sch. 522 scholars. Pop. whites 10,703, slaves 
1,403, free col'd 189 ; total, 12,295. 

Hampshire, p-o., Maury co., Tenn. 

Hampsfiire, p-o., Kane co., 111., 215 n. n. e. 
Springfield, 767 W. 

Hampstead, pt., Rockingham co., N. H., 29 s. 
S. E. Concord, 462 W. Chartered in 1749. Wa- 
tered by branches of Merrimac r., which flow 
from ponds in the t. The soil of the t. is hard 
and fertile. It has 4 stores, cap. $6,100 ; 2 grist 
m., 3 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $9,450. 7 sch. 
234 scholars. Pop. 890. 

Hampstead, p-v., Carroll co., Md., 56 n. w. 
Annapolis, 66 W. 

Hampstead, p-v., King George co., Va., 89 n. 
N. e. Richmond, 85 W. 

Hampton, p-t., Rockingham co., N. H., 47 s. E. 
Concord, 484 W. It lies on the Atlantic, which 
washes its s. e. border. Along its shore is a fine 
beach, in one part of which is a singular blufT, 
denominated the Boar's Head. It has a good 
harbor, and a number of vessels employed in the 
coasting trade and the fisheries. It was incorpo- 
rated in 1636. There are in the t., 6 stores, cap. 
$7,900 ; 3 tanneries, 4 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 acad. 
47 students, 5 sch. 249 scholars. Pop. 1,320. 

Hampton', p t., Windham co., Ct., 41 E. Hart- 
ford, 363 W. The surface is uneven and the soil 
a fertile gravelly loam. Watered by a branch 
of Shetucket r., which affords water power. The 
V. is pleasantly situated on elevated ground, on a 
single street, half a mile long, and contains a Con- 
gregational church and about 40 dwellings. There 
are m the t., 6 stores, cap. $21,700 ; 1 fulling m., 
1 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac 900 sp., 2 tanneries, 
3 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $43,900. 
9 sch. 3G.5 scholars. Pop. 1,166. 

Hampton, p-t., Washington co., N. Y 26 n 
Salem 73 n. by e. Albany. The surface is hilly, 
wah fertile valleys. Drained by Poultnev r 
which separates it from the state of Vermont It 
has 1 store, cap. $3,00'J : 2 fulling m., 2 woollen 
fac, 1 tannery. Cap in manufac. $8,740. 5 sch. 
230 scholars. Pop. 972. 

Hampton, v., Westmoreland t., Oneida co N 
Y. Situated on a branch of Oriskany cr ' It 
contains 2 churches— 1 Presbyterian and 1 Meth- 



odist — 4 stores, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m., 60 dwell- 
ings, and about 400 inhabitants. A little n. of 
the V. is a mineral spring. 

Hampton, p-v., Reading t., Adams co., Pa., 29 
s. w. Harrisburg, 86 W. It contains 2 stores, 35 
dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. 

Hampton, p-v., capital of Elizibeth City co., 
Va., 94 E. s. E. Richmond, 209 W. Situated on 
the w. side of Hampton r., about a mile from its 
entrance into Hampton roads. It contains a court 
house, jail, 4 churches — 2 Methodist, 1 Baptist, 
and 1 Episcopal — 16 stores, 2 castor oil fac, 150 
dwellings, and about 1,200 inhabitants. 

Hampton, p-v., Rock Island co., 111., 150 n. n. 
w. Springfield, 880 W. Pop. 64. 

Hampton Roads, Va., a branch of Chesa- 
peake bay, oflf the mouth of James r., between 
Old Point Comfort on the n., and Willoughby 
point on the s. It is sufficiently deep for the 
largest ships of war, and is an important naval 
station. On Old Point Comfort, there have been 
ceded to the United States 250 acres ; and on the 
point a fortification, called Fort Monroe, is in pro- 
gress, which will mount 335 guns, generally 24, 
32, and 43 pounders, 130 of which are under 
bomb proof covers. On the opposite point, 1 m. 
distant, Fort Calhoun is erecting. The founda- 
tion is made by throwing in stones, and it covers 
about 7 acres. It was found necessary to wait 
for this foundation to settle, and the superstruc- 
ture has barely been commenced. This fort is 
designed to mount 265 guns, 24's and 32's, and 
nearly all under cover. These forts will com- 
pletely command the entrance to Hampton roads. 

Hamptonburg, p-t.. Orange co., N. Y., 4 n. e. 
Goshen, 99 s. s. w. Albany, 282 W. The surface 
is undulating ; soil, a fertile clay loam. Drained 
by Murderer's cr. E., and Wallkill creek, which 
bounds it on the w. It has 5 sch. 248 scholars. 
Pop. 1,379. 

Hampton Falls, p-t., Rockingham co., N. H., 
16 s. w. Portsmouth, 45 s. e. Concord, 482 W. 
Incorporated in 1712. The situation is pleasant, 
having the Atlantic on its s. e. border. The soil 
is moderately fertile. It has2 stores, cap. $1,500 ; 
1 grist m., 1 acad. 40 students, 3 sch. 150 scholars. 
Pop. 656. 

Hamptonville, p-v., Surry co., N. C, 146 w. 
N. w. Raleigh, 357 W. 

Hamtramck, t., Wayne co., Mich. It has 1 
tannery, 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac $19,200. 1 
college, 30 students, 3 sch. 95 scholars. Pop. 
1,797. 

Hancock, county. Me. Situated in the s., 
toward the e. part of the state, and contains 1,850 
sq. ms. Bordered by the Atlantic on the s., along 
the coast of which are scattered numerous isl- 
ands, some of them large, and many bays, and it 
has a great number of excellent harbors. The 
soil is generally fertile. Watered by Union r., 
which, with other streams, affords excellent wa- 
ter power. Capital, Castine. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 17,950, sheep 32,738, swine 
6,716; wheat 27,627 bush, produced, rye 2,836, 
Ind. corn 5,749, barley 18,181, oats 20,660, pota- 
toes 496,43J, sugar 1,010 pounds ; 5 commercial 
houses in for. trade, cap. $85,0 JO: 120 stores, cap. 
$228,500; cap. invested in fisheries, $49,470; 10 
fulling m., 4 woollen fac, 21 tanneries, 2 flouring 
m., 41 grist m., 77 saw m., 8 oil m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $178,111. 5 acad. 179 students, 252 sch. 
10,946 scholars. Pop. 28,605. 

Hancock, county, Ga. Situated a little n. E. 
of the centre of the state, and contains 600 sq. 
ms. The Oconee r. runs on its w. border, and 
Great Ogeechee r. on its e. border. Watered by 
branches of tliese rivers. Capital, Sparta. There 



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261 



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were in 1840, neat cattle 10,7il, sheep 7,360, 
swine 26,92 J ; wheat 34,455 busii. produced, Ind. 
corn 447,82 J, oats 24,871, potatoes 21,304, cotton 
13,313,924 pounds ; 5 stores, cap. $44,000 ; 1 tan- 
nery, 3 distilleries, 1 flouring m., 1 grist m. Cap. 
in manufac. $19,000. Pop. whites 3,637, slaves 
6,915, fiee col'd 47 ; total, 9,659. 

Hancock, county. Miss. Situated in the s. E. 
part of the state, and contains 1,680 sq. miles. 
Bounded on the s. by Lake Borgne, a branch of 
the Gulf of Mexico. The surface is rolling, to- 
ward the N., more level to the s. The .soil is light 
and sterile, chiefly covered with pine. Pearl r. 
runs on its w. border. Capital, Shieldsboro'. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 17,097, sheep 783, 
swine 10,764 ; Ind. corn 24,052 bush, produced, 
potatoes 27,68 :!, rice 46,000 pounds, cotton 1 34,700 ; 
24 stores, cap. $5:^,100; 1 tannery, 9 grist m., 10 
sawm. Cap. in manufac. $111,000. 2 acad. 40 
students, 3 sch. 47 scholars. Pop. whites 2,237, 
slaves 1,056, free col'd 74; total, 3,367. 

Hancock, county, Ky. Situated in the n. part 
of the state, and contains 200 sq. ms. The Ohio 
r. runs on its n. boundary, and rough cr., a branch 
of Green r. on its s. border. Blacldbrd's r. forms 
a part of its w. boundary. The surface is hilly. 
Stone coal is mined in large quantities, and iron 
ore is found. Capital, Hawesville. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 3,017, sheep 3,390, swine 
10,321 ; wheat 10,274 bush, produced, Ind. corn 
134,400, oats 19,800, potatoes 3,8S4, tobacco 
270,497 pounds, sugar 2,479 ; 9 stores, capital 
$37,094 ; 3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 2 grist m., 3 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $9,900. Pop. whites 2,039, 
slaves 539, free col'd 3 ; total, 2,581. 

Hancock:, county, O. Situated toward the n. 
W. part of the state, and contains 576 sq. ms. The 
soil is fertile and well watered. Drained by 
Blanchard's Fork and its tributaries, which flow 
into Maumee r., and by tributaries of Portage r., 
which flows into Lake Erie. Capital, Findlay. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 7,826, sheep 
8,268, swine 87,081; wheat 41,876 bush, produc- 
ed, rye 16,5 i5, Ind. corn 173,660, buckwheat 
8,889, oats 85,150, potatoes 17,911, sugar 142,950 
pounds; 14 stores, cap. $33,150; 4 tanneries, 11 
grist m., 12 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly 
newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $27,812. 81 sch. 
3,189 scholars. Pop. 9,9S6. 

Hancock, county, la. Situated a little e. of 
the centre of the state, and contains 310 sq. ms. 
Organized in 1828. Drained by Blue r.. Sugar cr., 
and Brandywine or., which aflTord good water 
power. The surface is level, or gently rollmg ; 
soil, fertile and heavily timbered. Capital, Green- 
field. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,745, 
sheep 5,789, swine 28,306; wheat 28,531 bush, 
produced, rye 2,130, Ind. corn 286,095, oats 66,392, 
potatoes 11,090, tobacco 10,034 pounds, sugar 
39,080; 15 stores, cap. $51,075; 2 tanneries, 1 
distillery, 9 grist m., 11 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $28,850. 7 sch. 156 scholars. Population, 
7,535. 

Hancock, county. 111. Situated in the w. part 
of the state, and contains 775 sq. ms. The Mis- 
sissippi r. runs on its w. boundary. Watered by 
Crooked cr., with its branches, a tributary of Illi- 
nois r., and by the n. fork of Bearer., which flows 
into the Mississippi r. Organized in 1825. The 
soil bordering ihe Mississippi is fertile. Capital, 
Carthage. There were in i840, neat cattle 7,^27, 
sheep 6,334, swine 17,092 ; wheat 49,860 bushels 
produced, Ind. corn 259,820, buckwheat 1,812, 
oats 53,576, potatoes 23,984, tobacco 1,910 pounds, 
sugar 1,3 16; 23 stores, cap. $56,000; 1 woollen 
fac, 1 tannery, 1 flouring m., 7 grist m., 12 saw 
m., 1 oil m., 2 printing offices, 1 periodical, 1 



weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $43,070. 
24 sch. 819 scholars. Pop. 9,946. 

Hancock, p-t., Hancock co., Me., 95 e. Au- 
gusta, 677 W. The s. e. part is a peninsula, 
nearly surrounded by branches of Frenchman's 
bay. It contains 1 saw m., 7 sch. 296 scholars. 
Pop. 760. 

Hancock, p-t., Hillsboro' co., N. H., 34 s. w. 
Concord, 454 W. The surface is uneven or 
mountainous. The soil is fertile, adapted to 
grazing, with some intervals on its streams. 
Watered by Contoocook r. and its tributaries, af- 
fording water power. Long Pond, a considerable 
body of water, lies partly in the w. part. It con- 
tains 4 stores, cap. $22,500 ; 2 fulling m., 1 cotton 
fac. 448 sp., 3 tanneries, 1 paper fac, 1 flouring 
m., 3 grist m., 3 saw. Cap. in manufac. $38,217. 

2 acad. 176 students, 1 1 sch. 439 scholars. Pop. 
1,345. 

Hancock, p-t., Addison co., Vt., 39 s. s. w. 
Montpelier, 486 W. Situated on the Green 
mountain range, and suited only to grazing. 
Chartered in 1780. It is on the dividing ridge be- 
tween Lake Champlain and Connecticut r., some 
of its streams flowing into Otter cr., and others 
into White r. It has 2 stores, cap. $7,000 ; 1 full- 
ing m., 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $3,800. 5 sch. 200 scholars. Pop. 
465. 

Hancock, p-t., Berkshire co., Mass., 143 w. 
Boston, 379 W. Incorporated in 1776. The 
state of N. Y. bounds it on the w. Drained by 
head branches of Kinderkook cr. and Housatonic 
r. The surface is mountainous, and the soil 
adapted to grazing. It has 1 cotton fac. 920 sp., 

3 tanneries, 2 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $16,400. 
1 sch. 190 scholars. Pop. 922. 

Hancock, p-t., Delaware co., N. Y., 123 w. s. 
w. Albany, 291 W. The surface is broken and 
mountainous. Delaware r. runs on its s. w. bor- 
der. Watered by Papacton branch and its tribu- 
taries. It has 1 store, cap. $5,000 ; 1 tannery, 2 
grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $13,455. 8 
sch. 240 scholars. Pop. 1,026. 

Hancock, p-t., Washington co., Md., 125 n. w. 
Annapolis, 92 W. Situated on the N. bank of 
Potomac r. It contains 2 churches, 4 stores, and 
about 30 or 40 dwellings. 

HANcocii Bridge, p-v.. Lower Alloways t., 
Salem co., N. J., 85 s. w. Trenton, 180 W. It 
contains 1 Friends church, 2 stores, and about 
40 dwellings. The surrounding country is fer- 
tile. 

Hancock Factory, p-v., Hancock t., Hills- 
boro' CO., N. H., 30 s. w. Concord, 453 W. It 
contains a cotton fac, a paper fac, and several 
other manufacturing establishments, and an 
academy. 

Hancockville, p-v., Union dist., S. C, 85 n. 
w. Columbia, 453 W. 

Handv, t., Livingston CO., Mich. It has 2 sch. 
30 scholars. Pop. 158. 

Hanford's Landing, p-o., Greece t., Monroe 
CO., IS. Y., 223 vv. N. w. Albany, 373 W. 

Hanging Rock, pv., Hampshire co., Va., 175 
N. N. w. Richmond, 103 W. It contains 1 Meth- 
odist church, and 1 free to all denominations, 1 
flouring m., 1 grist m. There are in the neigh- 
borhood 2 grist m., 1 oil m., and 1 carding ma- 
chine. 

Hanging Rock, p-o.. Upper t., Lawrence co., 
O., 118 s. s. E. Columbus, 426 W. 

Hanna's, p-o., Sumner co., Tenn., 36 n. K 
Nashville, 677 W. 

Hannahsburg, p-v., Butler co., Pa., 207 w. N. 
w. Harrisburg, 238 W. It contains 1 store and 
12 or 15 dwellings. 



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262 



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Haxn'ibal, p-t., Oswego co., N. Y., 176 w. n. 
w. Albany, 362 W. The surface is undulating ; 
soil, a fertile loam. Drained by small creeks, 
flowing into Lake Ontario. It has 9 stores, cap. 
$40,7jO ; 2 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 4 
saw m. Cap. in nianufac. $42,000. 15 sch. 743 
scholars. Pop. 2,269. 

Han.mbalville, v., Hannibal t., Oswego co., 
N. Y. It contains 2 churches, 3 stores, 1 grist m., 
1 saw m., and about 30 dwellings. 

Hannibal, pv., Marion co.. Mo., 108 N. n. e. 
Jefferson city, 912 W. Situated on the w. bank of 
the Mississippi r. It has 10 stores, 4 commission 
and forwarding houses, 2 steam saw m., 1 steam 
llouring m., and 60J inhabitants. 

Hanover, county, Va. Situated toward the 
E. part of the state, and contains 630 sq. ms. 
North Anna r. runs on its n. e. border. Watered 
by its tributaries. The surface is hilly, and the 
soil various, from the most fertile to the most 
sterile. Capital, Hanover. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 8,388, sheep 9,051, swine 13,703; 
wheat 47,905 bush, produced, rye 1,013, Ind. 
corn 349,750, oats 177,347, potatoes 26,332, to- 
bacco 615,156 pounds, cotton 22,549; 17 stores, 
cap. $20,300 ; 1 tannery, 2 flouring m., 19 grist 
m., 16 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $35,965. 23 
acad. 417 students. Pop. whites 6,262, slaves 
8,394, free col'd 312 ; toUil, 14,%3. 

Hanover, pt., Grafton co., N. H., 54 n. w. 
Concord, 483 W. Situated on Connecticut r., 
over which is a bridge, connecting it with Nor- 
wich, Vt. The surface is pleasantly diversified, 
and the soil is fertile. Moose mountain, an ele- 
vated ridge, crosses the e. part of the t. from n. 
to s. The v. is plea.santly situated on a plain, 
half a mile E. of the r., and has a considerable 
number of neat buildings, mostly ranged round a 
square of about 12 acres. It contains a Congre- 
gational church, several stores, and the buildings 
of Dartmouth College, an old and highly re- 
spectable institution. It was founded in 1770, and 
contains, including the Medical Institution, a 
president, 15 professors or other instructors, has 
had 2,053 alumni, has 340 students, and 16,500 
vols, in its libraries. The commencement is on 
the last Thursday in July. The medical institu- 
tion was instituted in 1797, when there were but 
3 others existing in the U. States, has 6 professors, 
72 students, and has had 577 graduates. The 
annual course of lectures commences on the 1st 
or 2d Thursday in August. There are 3 build- 
ings of the institution ; the centre or principal one 
of wood, 150 by 50 feet, for undergraduates ; a 
medical building, 75 by 31 feet, n. of it ; and a 
chapel, &c., a corresponding building, s. There 
are in the t. 10 stores, cap. $30,200 ; 1 tannery, 
1 lulling m., 2 grist m., 8 saw m., 2 printing offices, 
1 weekly newspaper, 1 periodical. Cap. in 
manufac. $28,850. 1 college, 404 students, 16 
sch. 512 scholars. Pop. 2,613. 

Hanover, p-t., Plymouth co., Mass., 24 s. s. 
w. Boston, 413 W. Pembroke cr. runs on its s. 
border, and affords water power; and another 
branch unites with it on the e. border of the t., to 
form North river. It has 7 stores, cap. $9,900 ; 1 
lurnace, 3 forges, 2 tanneries, 6 grist m., 5 saw m. 
o P; '".i^'^""''^''- I'^'-i^S'-JS. 1 acad. 25 students, 
o sch. 3/9 scholars. Pop. 1,488. 

Hanover, p-t., Chautauque co., N. Y., 315 w. 
by s. Albany, 353 W. Situated on Lake Erie. 
1 he surface is elevated and hilly, and the soil, on 
the lake shore and on the streams, very fertile. 

« m fm I f^T """"S- ^' ^'""'^ 18 stores, cap. 
$100,00.) ; Z lumber yards, cap. $8,000 ; 3 fulliil" 
m., / tanneries, 3 distilleries, 7 grist ra 19 saw 
ni. Cap. in manufac. $110,215. 3 acad 83 



I students, 19 sch. 1,140 scholars. Population, 
3,998. 

Hanover, p-t., Morris co., N. J., 5 n. Morris- 
town, 57 N. N. E. Trenton, 227 W. The surface 
is hilly on the n. w., level e. and s. Soil, clay, 
loam, and gravel. Watered by Whippany and 
Parsipany rivers, branches of Rockaway r., which 
runs on its n. boundary. The soil is moderately 
good, and well cultivated. The v. is situated on 
a plain, near the Passaic r., and contains 12 or 15 
dwellings. There are in the t. 12 stores, cap. 
$30,100; 1 woollen fac, 3 cotton fac. 2,600 sp., 
10 forges, 3 tanneries, 4 distilleries, 2 paper fac, 

1 printing office, 5 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $140,940. 13 sch. 597 scholars. Pop. 
3,909. 

Hanover, t., Burlington co., N. J., 12 n. e. 
Mount Holly. The surface is level ; soil, sandy 
loam and sand ; in the s. e. part covered with 
pine forest. Drained by Crosswick's, Black's, 
and a branch of Rancocus creeks. It has 11 
stores, cap. $3,500 ; 1 furnace, 1 forge, 5 distille- 
ries, 4 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$74,600. 9 sch. 474 scholars. Pop. 3,045. 

Hanover, pb., Heidelberg t., York co.. Pa., 
35 s. Harrisburg, 82 W. Incorporated in 1814. 
Situated on a branch of Conewago cr., which 
runs into the Susquehanna r. It contains 3 
churches — 1 German Reformed, 1 Lutheran, 1 
Methodist — 1 academy ; 15 stores, cap. $84,500 ; 

2 tanneries, 1 brewery, 2 printing offices, 2 
weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $22,300. 
2 sch. 220 scholars. Pop. 1,071. 

Hanover, t., Dauphin co., Pa., 15 s. e. Har- 
risburg. The surface is undulating ; soil, argil- 
laceous slate and sandstone. Beaver cr. runs on 
its w. boundary. Watered by Manady cr. and 
Bow run, which flow s. to the Swatara cr. It 
has 6 stores, cap. $15,500; 1 furnace, 2 fulling 
m., 3 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 1 flouring m., 9 
grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $16,060. 
'3 sch. 67 scholars. Pop. 2,772. 

Hanover, t., Lehigh co.. Pa. The surface is 
level ; soil, calcareous loam, and fertile. The 
Lehigh r. flows on its s. border. Watered by 
Calesoque cr., a branch of the Lehigh. Con- 
nected with Allentown by a chain bridge across 
the Lehigh. It contains a Lutheran church. It 
has 5 stores, 2 woollen fac, 1 paper fac, 1 grist 
m., 2 saw m. Cap^ in manufac. $16,550. 1 sch. 
30 scholars. Pop. 1,341. 

Hanover, t., Northampton co , Pa. The sur- 
face is level ; soil, calcareous loam. Drained by 
Manokissy cr., which runs along its s. e. boun- 
dary. It has 1 grist m. Cap. in manufac. 
$3,000. Pop. 382. 

Hanover, t., Beaver co.. Pa. The surface is 
rolling; soil, calcareous loam. Drained by Big 
and Little Traviss creeks, tributaries of Racoon 
cr. It contains Frankford v. near its s. border. 
It contains 3 stores, cap. .$9,000 ; 2 tanneries, 7 
grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. ,$17,350. 1 
acad. 23 students, 4 sch. 138 scholars. Pop. 
1,662. 

Hanover, p-t., Washington co.. Pa., 22 n. w. 
Washington b. The surface is hilly ; soil, loam. 
Drained by Herman's and Indian creeks, flow- 
ing into Ohio r. Coal is abundant. It has 7 
stores, cap. $16,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 flourhig m., 5 
grist ra., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $22,650. 1 
acad. 15 students, 8 sch. 500 scholars. Pop. 
2,002. 

Hanover, t., Luzerne co.. Pa. Bounded n. 
w. by Susquehanna r. The surface is moun- 
tainous, with the fertile valley of Wyomhig in a 
part of it. Anthracite coal is abundant. Wa- 
tered by Nanticoke and Solomon's creeks, wliich 



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263 



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afford water power. It has 6 stores, cap. $27,300 ; 
1 tannery, 2 distilleries, 1 powder fac, 3 flouring 
m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,800. 6 sch. 
270 scholars. Pop. 1,938. 

Hanover, p-t.. Licking co., O., 48 n. e. Co- 
lumbus, 357 W. Licking r. and the Ohio canal 
pass through the t., from E. to w. It has 2 
sch. 75 scholars. Pop. 943. 

Hanover, t., Butler co., O., a wealthy t., 8 
ms. from the court house, in Hamilton. It has 7 
sch. 5J0 scholars. Pop. 1,680. 

Ha.nover, t., Columbiana co., O., 10 e. New 
Lisbon, on the line of the Sandy and Beaver 
canal. I has 8 sch. 125 scholars. Pop. 2,539. 

Hanover, t., Richland co., O. Watered by 
two m lin branches of Mohiccan r., which unite 
near the centre of the t. It has 168 scholars in 
schools. Pop. 1,185. 

Hanover, v., North t., Harrison co., O., 8 n. 
w. Cadiz. It contains 1 store, 25 dwellings, and 
about 150 inhabitants. 

Hanover, t., Shelby co., la. It has 5 stores, 
cap. $9,800 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 
3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,250. Pop. 1,438. 

Hanover, p-t., Jackson co., Mich., 89 w. De- 
troit, 549 W. It has 3 sch. 106 scholars. Pop. 714. 

Hanover, p-o., Jo-Daviess co., 111., 114 n. by 
w. Springfield, 872 W. 

Hanover Centre, p-v., Hanover t., Grafton 
CO., N. H., 60 N. w. Concord, 494 W. 

Hanover, C. H., p-o., capital of Hanover co., 
Va., 20 N. Richmond. 103 W. Situated on ele- 
vated ground, near Pamunky r., and contains 
a court house, jail, a store, and about 60 inhabitants. 

Hanover Neck, p-o., Hanover t., Morris co., 
N. J., 53 N. N. E. Trenton, 224 W. 

Hanoverton, p-v., Hanover t., Columbiana 
CO., O., 149 N. E. Columbus, 291 W. It contains 
12 stores, 1 warehouse, 2 water m., 1 steam m., 
2 tanneries, 80 dwellings, and about 500 inhabi- 
tants. 

Hanslev's Cross Roads, p-o., Perry co., O., 
61 E. Columbus, 342 W. 

Hanson, pt., Plymouth co., Mass., 28 s. s. e. 
Boston, 438 W. Watered by a branch of North 
r. Large beds of iron ore are found. It has 4 
stores, cap. $4,250 ; 1 forge, 1 tannery, 1 grist 
m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $13,805. 8 sch. 
259 scholars. Pop. 1,040. 

Hansonville, p o., Russell co., Va., 318 w. 
by s. Richmond, 386 W. 

Harbor Creek, p t., Erie co.. Pa., 6 n. e. 
Erie, 279 n. w. Harrisburg, 352 W. Drained by 
several small streams, llowing into Lake Erie, 
which bounds it on the n. It has 2 fulling m., 1 
tannery, 1 distillery, 3 grist m., 11 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. .$1,500. 15 sch. 435 scholars. Pop. 
1,843. 

Hardeman, county, Tenn. Situated in the s. 
E. part of tiie state, and contains 720 sq. ms. 
Surface generally level ; soil, light and sandy. 
Watered by Big Hatchy r. and its branches. 
Capital, Bolivar. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 17,001, sheep 10,292, swine 59,357; wheat 
58,713 bush, produced, rye 9,165, Ind. com 
614,554 oats 149,5 H5, potatoes 40,917, tobacco 
19,4i7 pounds, cotton 3,570,417; 29 stores, cap. 
$233,45-2 ; 1 cotton fac. 6:;0 sp., 9 tanneries, 16 
distilleries. 8 flouring m., 22 grist m., 18 saw m., 
1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in 
manufac. $63,970. 4 acad. 185 students, 23 sch. 
506 scholars. Pop. whites 9,091, slaves 5,433, 
free col'd 39; total, 14,563. 

Hardi.man's Cross Roads, p-o., Williamson 
CO., Tenn., 24 s. Nashville, 636 W. 

Hardin, county, Tenn. Situated in the s. 
w. part of the state, and contains 768 sq. ms. 



Tennessee r. flows llirougli tlie co., from s. to N. 
Watered also by small streams, wliich flow into 
the Tennessee r., the principal of which are 
Swift cr. and Whiteoak r. Capital, Savannah. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 11,537, sheep 
7,562, swine 42,500 ; wheat 31,231 bush, produ- 
ced, rye 1,465, Ind. corn 512,373, oats 53,529, 
potatoes 14,377, tobacco 52,564 pounds ; cotton 
3S,819, 7 com. houses, cap. $9,830 ; 14 stores, cap. 
$42,355 ; 1 furnace, 7 tanneries, 24 distilleries, 
29 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $34,959. 
1 acad. 15 students, 8 sch. 176 scholars. Pop. 
whites 7,337, slaves 826, free col'd 32 ; total, 8,245. 

Hardin, county, Ky. Situated in the n. part 
of the state, and contains 1,200 sq. ms. The 
Rolling Fork of Saltr. runs on its n. e. boundary. 
Watered by branches of Green r. Capital, 
Elizabethtown. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
18,809, sheep 23,696, swine 36,809 ; wheat 120,894 
bush, produced, rye 7,510, Ind. corn 706,349, 
oats 205,894, potatoes 22,746, tobacco 322,483 
pounds, sugar 1,625; 31 stores, cap. $60,850; 9 
tanneries, 10 distilleries, 2 flouring m., 17 grist 
m.. 15 saw m., 1 oil m., 1 printing office. Cap. in 
manufac. $38,000. 8 sch. 185 scholars. Pop. 
whites 13,829, slaves 2,432, free col'd 46 ; total, 
16,357. 

Hardin, county, O. Situated n. w. of the 
centre of the state, and contains 480 sq. ms. 
The Scioto r. runs through the co. Watered 
also by head branches of Blanchards, Hoy and 
Tymochtee creeks. It has much valuable land 
on the streams. Capital, Kenton. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 4,966, sheep 3,327, swine 
10,416; wheat 30,173 bush, produced, rye 1,459, 
Ind. corn 99,147, buckwheat 1,621, oats 23,897, 
potatoes 22,233, sugar 86,557 pounds ; 4 stores, 
cap. .$14,500 ; 3 tanneries, 1 grist m., 4 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $3,900. 18 sch. 552 scholars. 
Pop. 4,593. 

Hardin, county. 111. Situated on the s. bor- 
der of the state, and contains 100 sq. ms. The 
surface is high and broken, and abounds in iron 
and lead ores. Watered by Big cr., which en- 
ters the Ohio, and aflbrds water power. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 1,774, sheep 1,554, 
swine 3,978 ; wheat 3,583 bush, produced, Ind. 
corn 62,066, oats 10,555, potatoes 8,975, tobacco 
7,500 pounds; 4 stores, cap. $11,666; 1 furnace, 
1 flouring m., 3 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $3,150. 3 sch. 88 scholars. Pop. 1,373. 

Hardin, p-v.. Turtle Creek t., Shelby co., C, 
85 w. N. w. Columbus, 479 W. 

Hardinsburg, p-v., capital of Breckenridge 
CO., Ky., 115 w. s. w. Frankfort, 657 W. Situa- 
ted half a m. e. of Hardin's cr., 10 ms. from 
Ohio r. It contains a court house, jail, 2 
churches — 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist — 1 seminary, 
and 631 inhabitants. 

Hardinsburg, p v., Washington co., la., 106 
s. Indianapolis, 630 W. 

Hardingsburg, v.. Dearborn co., la. Situated 
on the w. side of the Great Miami r., 2 ms. n. 
Lawrenceburg. It has 2 stores, and 250 inhabit- 
ants. 

Hardi.ng's Store, p-o., Ripley co., la., 71 s. E. 
Indianapolis, 533 W. 

Hardin's Mills, p-o., Floyd co., Ga., 173 n- 
w. Milledgeville, 684 W. 

Hardin's Mills, po., Albemarle co., Va., 93 
w. N. w. Richmond, 123 W. It contains a Me- 
thodist church. 

Hardinsville, p-v., Shelby co., Ky., 9 w. 
Frankfort, 551 W. 

Hard Money, p-o., Stewart co., Ga., 144 s. w. 
Milledgeville, 799 W. 

Haruwich, p-t., Caledonia co., Vt., 27 n. e. 



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Montpelier, 513 W. Chartered in 1781. Organ- 
ized in 1795. The surface is rolling, and the 
soil, fertile. Watered by Lamoille r. and its tri- 
butaries, which afford good water power. It 
contains sulphur springs. It has 5 stores, cap. 
$30,500 ; 1 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 1 pottery, 2 
grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,700. 12 
sch. 433 scholars. Pop. 1,354. 

Hardwick, p-t., Worcester co., Mass., 68 w. 
Boston, 393 W. Incorporated in 1733. Water- 
ed by Ware r., which runs on its s. E. border, 
and which, with its branches, affords water 
power. The v. at t.lie centre contains 2 churches 
— 1 Congregational and 1 Unitarian. It has 2 
stores, cap. .$7,345 ; 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 
paper fac, 4 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $34,980. 12 sch. 560 scholars. Pop. 1,789. 
Hardwick, t., Warren co., N. J., 15 n. e. Bel- 
videre. The surface is hilly. Drained by Pau- 
lins kill, Beaver brook, and Bear branch of Pe- 
quest cr. The soil is fertile, being underlaid with 
slate on the ridges, and limestone in the valleys. 
It has 3 stores, cap. $14,200; 1 cotton fac. 216 
sp., 2 tanneries, 6 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $32,800. 16 sch. 769 scholars. Pop. 
1,954. 

Hardwick, v., and port of entry, Brj'an co., 
Ga. Situated on the w. side of the Ogeechee r. 
Hardvsto.n, t., Sussex co., N. J. The surface 
is mountainous, lying principally on Hamburg or 
Wallkill mountains. Drained by Wallkill r. It 
has 2 ponds, the outlets of which flow into the r. 
There are 2 Presbyterian churches. An inex- 
haustible quantity of zinc and iron ores are found 
in the mountains. It has 10 stores, cap. $34,050; 
3 furnaces, 6 ibrges, 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 8 
grist m., 13 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $68,075. 
1 aead. 35 students, 15 sch. 403 scholars. Pop. 
2,831. 

Hardy, county, Va. Situated in the n. part 
of the state, and contains 1,156 sq. ms. The sur- 
face is elevated, broken, rocky, and sterile, but 
good soil is found on the streams. Watered by 
branches of the South Branch of the Potomac, 
and by some of the head streams of the North 
Branch. Capilal, Moorefield. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 10,042, sheep 15,205, swine 
12,719; wheat 84,6)4 bush, produced, rye 18,186, 
Ind. corn 410,942, buckwheat 3,784, oats 40,830, 
potatoes 31,865, sugar 51,988 pounds; 11 stores, 
cap. $69,000 ; 1 furnace, 2 fulling m., 2 woollen 
fac, 5 tanneries, 8 flouring m., 15 grist m., 16 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $74,535. 6 sch. 218 schol- 
ars. Pop. whites 6,100, slaves 1,131, free col'd 
391 ; total, 7,622. 

Hardv, t., Holmes co., O. It contains the v. 
of Millersburg, the capital of the co. It has 1 
grist ni., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,400. 1 
sch. 28 scholars. Pop. 1,982. 

Hare WOOD, p-o., Susquehanna co., Pa., 184 n. 
E. Harrisburg, 294 W. 

Harewood, po., Baltimore co., Md. 
Harford, county, Md. Situated in the n. e. 
part of the state, and contains 430 sq. ms. Wa- 
tered by Deer cr., which flows into the Susque- 
hanna, Bmum's run. Winter's run. and the Little 
tails of Gunpowder. Some of these streams 
attord g(jod water power. The soil is various. 
Ihe country on Deercr. is beautiful and healthy. 
Limestone, iron ore, and chromate of iron abound, 
in some parts of the co. The rocky banks of a 
?, -LnT' T- ^V"' perpendicular walls of stone, 
2 or 300 feet high, and appear as if they had been 
rent asunder, and are a curiosity. Capital, Bel- 
T' ,fic>''*'^ in 1840, neat cattle 12,562, 
sheep 15 662, sume 20,950; wheat 149,300 bush, 
produced, rye 20,153, Ind. com 324,416 buck- 



wheat 8,757, oats 216,892, potatoes 79,88J ; 61 
stores, cap. $83,280 ; 4 fulling m., 7 woollen fac, 

2 furnaces, 2 forges, 12 tanneries, 3 distilleries, I 
pottery, 7 flouring m., 33 grist m., 28 saw m., 1 oil 
m., 1 paper fac, 3 printing offices, 1 daily news- 
paper. Cap. in manufac. $106,918. 1 college, 5 
acad. 163 students, 33 sch. 945 scholars. Pop. 
whites 12,041, slaves 2,642, free col'd 2,436; to- 
tal, 17,120. 

Harford, p-o., Virgil t., Cortland co., N. Y., 
150 w. Albany, 301 W. 

Harford, p-t., Susquehanna co.. Pa., 175 n. e. 
Harrisburg, 279 W. Drained by Martin's, Part- 
ner's, and Van Winkle's creeks, branches of 
Tunkhannock cr., all of which afford water pow- 
er. The V. contains 2 churches. There are in 
the t., 2 stores, cap. $11,000; 1 woollen fac, 2 
tanneries, 2 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$11,850. 1 acad. 150 students, 10 sch. 230 scholars. 
Pop. 1,179. 

Hargrove's Tavern, p-o., Nansemond co., Va. 

Harlan, county, Ky. Situated in the s. e. 
part of the state, and contains 480 sq. ms. Cum- 
berland mountains form its s. e. boundary, and 
Laurel ridge passes through its n. w. part : and 
between them, near the latter, runs Cumberland 
r., by which and its branches the co. is watered. 
The surface is elevated 1,000 feet above the level 
of the ocean, and is mountainous. Capital, Mount 
Pleasant. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,626, 
sheep 2,861, swine 13,073 ; wheat 2,420 bushels 
produced, oats 20,367, potatoes 7,060, tobacco 
4,211 pounds, sugar 7,830; 4 stores, cap. $9,200; 
23 distilleries, 37 grist m., 1 saw m. Pop. whites 
2,923, slaves 79, free col'd 8 ; total, 3,015. 

Harlan, C. H., p-o., Harlan co., Ky. (See 
Mount Pleasant.) 

Harlansburg, p-v., Mercer co., Pa., 226 w. 
N. w. Harrisburg, 263 W. 

Harlem, p-o., New York county, N. Y. (See 
Haerlem.) 

HarlEiM, p-o., Winnebago co., 111., 211 n 
Springfield, 812 W. 

Harlemsville, p-o., Claverack t., Columbia 
CO., N. Y. 

Harlesville, p-v., Marion dist., S. C, 129 e. 
by N. Columbia, 431 W. Situated on Little Pe- 
dee r. 

Harhngen, p-v., Montgomery t., Somerset co., 
N. J., 18 N. Trenton, 190 W. It contains a Dutch 
Reformed church, a store, and 7 or 8 dwellings. 

Harmar, p-v., Washington co., O., 164 e. s. e. 
Columbus, 301 W. Situated in the w. part of 
Marietta, on the s. bank of Muskingum r. It 
contains a stone steam mill 4 stories high, and 
about 40 handsome dwellings. It occupies the 
site of Fort Harmar, the first fortification erected 
by the Americans in the state of Ohio, and named 
from its first commander. 

Harmonsburg, p-o., Sadsbury t., Crawford co., 
Pa., 243 N. w. Harrisburg, 316 W. Situated on 
Conneaut cr., at the n. end of Conneaut lake. 

Harmony, p-t., Somerset co., Me., 57 n. by e. 
Augusta, 652 W. Incorporated in 1803. The 
soil is fertile and adapted to wheat. Watered by 
head branches of Sebasticook r. It has 3 stores, 
cap. $3,600 ; 1 fulling m., 4 grist m., 2 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $4,800. 10 sch. 500 scholars. 
Pop. 1,096. 

Harmony, v., Conequenessing t, Butler co., 
Pa., 14 s. w. by w. Butler, 12 n. e. by e. Beaver. 
Situated on the s. bank of Conequenessing cr. 
Founded in 1804, by the Society of Harmonites, 
who afterwards sold out and removed to the Wa- 
bash, and afterwards to Economy, Beaver co., on 
the Ohio r. It now contains a town hall, 2 mills, 

3 stores, and 40 or 50 dwellings. 



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Harmony, p-t., Chautauque co., N. Y., 339 w. 
by s. Albany, 326 W. The surface is rolling ; 
soil, sandy and gravelly loam, wiih some clay. 
Drained by Goose cr. and other streams, flowing 
N. into Chautauque lake, and by Little Broken 
Straw creek, running s. into Pennsylvania. It 
has 7 stores, cap. $10,600 ; 2 fulling m., 3 tanne- 
ries, 3 grist m., 17 saw m. Capital in manufac. 
$23,595. 17 sch. 700 scholars. Pop. 3,3 iO. 

Harmony, p-t., Warren co., N. J., 58 n. by w. 
Trenton, 205 W. The v. contains a Presbyterian 
church and 12 or 1 5 dwellings. It has 2 flouring 
m., 3 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufactures, 
$30,360. 6 sch. 386 scholars. Pon. 1,602. 

Harmo.ny, t., Susquehanna co., Pa., is bounded 
jr. by the state of New York. Oquago mountain 
lies in its n. w. part, the remainder is hilly. Wa- 
tered by Susquehanna r. and some tributaries, 
the chief of which are Starucca and Conewanta 
creeks. It has 1 store, cap. $3,500 ; 1 grist m., 
10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $15,810. 6 sch. 
120 scholars. Pop. 523. 

Harmo.vy, p-v., Halifax co., Va., 150 s. w. 
Richmond, 237 W. 

Harmony, p-v., York dist., S. C, 102 n. Co- 
lumbia, 459 W. 

Harmony, t., Clark co., O. It contains seve- 
ral villages, and the national road passes through 
it. It has 11 sch. 220 scholars. Pop. 1,660. 

Harmony, t., Delaware co., O. Situated in 
the n. e. corner of the county. Drained by the 
head waters of Alirni and Big Walnut creeks. It 
has 6 sch. 129 scholars. Pop. 676. 

Har.mony, p-o., Clay co., la., 51 w. by s. In- 
dianapolis, 625 W. 

Harmo.vy, p-v., Weakley co., Tenn., 132 w. 
Nashville, 822 W. 

Harmony, p-v., Washington co.. Mo., 102 s. E. 
Jefferson city, 896 W. Situated in the centre of 
the CO., and contains lead mines on Hazle cr. It 
has 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 2 store.s, and 20 dwellings. 

Harmony, t., Wasiiington co.. Mo. Pop. 789. 

Harmo.\y Grove, p-o., Jackson co., Ga., 83n. 
Milledgeville, 623 W. 

Harmony Landing, p-o., Oldham co., Ky., 51 
V. w. Frankfort, 593 W. 

Har.mony Vale, p-v., Hardiston t., Sussex 
CO., N. J., 83 N. Trenton, 252 W. It contains a 
Presbyterian church, and 12 or 15 dwellings. 

Harnageville, p-v., Cherokee co., Ga., 139 
N. w. Milledgeville, 670 W. 

Harper's Ferry, p-v., JefTerson co., Va., 173 
N. Richmond, 57 W. Situated at the junction of 
the Shenandoah r. with the Potomac r., at the 
passage of the united stream through the Blue 
Ridge, so finely described by Mr. Jefferson. 
There is probably not a more picturesque spot in 
the United States. The v. contains 3 churches — 

1 Methodist, 1 Free church, 1 Roman Catholic — 

2 masonic halls, 1 academy, 12 stores, 1 of the 
largest flouring mills in the Union, 1 iron furnace, 
810 dwellings, and a national armory, where 8,850 
small-arms are annually raanuiactured, employ- 
ing 2 to hands. In tlie armory, 80 or 90,000 stand 
of arms are usually kept, and as they are sent 
away, replaced by others from the factories. The 
Chesapeake and Oliio canal passes along the n. 
bank of the Potomac. The Baltimore and Ohio 
railro.id passes through this place. The Potomac 
is here crossed by a bridge, 750 feet long between 
the abutments, connecting the v. vvilh the Mary- 
land side. Few places are more deserving the 
attention of the curious traveller than this. 

Harper's Ferry, p-o., Abbeville dist., S. C, 
119 w. Columbia, 555 W. 

Harpersfield, p-t., Delaware co., N. Y., 64 w. 
by s. Albany, 360 W. The surface is hilly and 



broken ; soil, a fertile, chocolate colored loam, 
well cultivated. Drained by Charlotte and Dela- 
ware rivers. The v. contains 2 churches- 1 
Presbyterian and 1 Baptist — I stores, 40 dwell- 
ings, and about 200 inhabitants. There are in 
the t., 3 stores, cap. $5,700 ; 3 lulling m., 1 tanne- 
ry, 6 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufact\ires, 
$5,17,5. 20 sch. 499 scholars. Pop. 1,708. 

Harpersfiei,d, p-t., Ashtabula co., , 195 n. 
E. Columbus, 350 W. Early and generally set- 
tled. Watered by Grand r. In the n. vv. corner 
is the V. of Unionville, lying partly in 3 counties. 
There are in the t., 3 stores, cap. $1,200 ; 2 fulling 
m., 2 woollen fac, 1 distillery, 2 grist m., 3 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $12,650. Pop. 1,397. 

Harpersville, p-v., Colesville t., Broome co., 
N. Y., 116 w. s. w. Albany, 310 W. Situated a 
little distance from the Susqueiianna r., and con- 
tains 1 Episcopal church, 1 store, 1 saw m., 35 
dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. 

Harpersville, p-v., Shelby co., Ala., 91 e. 
Tuscaloosa, 763 W. 

Harpeth, r., Tenn., rises in Williamson co., 
and after a course of about 60 ms., falls into Cum- 
berland r., 19 ms. N. w. Nashville. It is naviga- 
ble for boats to Franklin. 

Harpeth, p-o., Williamson co., Tenn., 27 s. 
Nashville, 690 W. 

Harpswell, t., Cumberland co., Me., 22 n. e. 
Portland, 4 s. e. Brunswick. It comprises a 
promontory in the n. e. part of Casco bay, and 
several islands. The soil is fertile, and it pre- 
sents a delightful summer residence. The fish- 
eries employ a portion of the inhabitants. It has 
5 stores, cap. $2,000 ; 2 lumber yards, cap. 
$6,000 ; 16 sch. 549 scholars. Pop. 1,448. 

HARaui, p o., Coosa CO., Ala. 

Harels Store, p-o.. New Hanover co., N. C, 
116 s. s.E. Raleigh, 346 W. 

Harriettstow.v, t., Franklin co., N. Y., 35 
s. Malone, 190 n. by w. Albany. It is mostly a 
wilderness. The surface in the s. e. part is 
mountainous. It contains Lower Saranac lake, 
and other small lakes and ponds, forming the 
.sources of Racket and Saranac rivers. 

IIarrietsville, p-o., Monroe CO., O., 121 e. 
Columbus, 295 W. 

Harrington, p-t., Washington co.. Me., 127 
e. Augusta, 710 W. It has the Atlantic s., Plea- 
sant bay on tite e., and Narraguagus bay on the 
w. Narraguagus r., which runs on its w. border, 
affords water power. It contains 3 stores, 1 tan- 
nery, 3 grist m., 5 saw in. Cap. in manufac. 
$45,136. 19 sch. 635 scholars. Population, 
1,542. 

Harrington, t., Bergen co., N. J. Boimded 
E. by Hudson r., along which runs the Closter 
mountains, 400 feet high, forming the Palisades. 
Otherwise, the surface is level ; soil, a fertile 
loam, well cultivated. Watered by Hackensa(;k 
r. and its branches. It has 3 stores, cap. $3,000 ; 
1 tannery, 1 distillery, 4 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $5,200. 6 sch. 154 scholars. Pop. 1,130. 

Harri.vgton, p-v., Cumberland co., N. C, 59 
s. by W.Raleigh, 317 W. 

Harris, county, Ga. Situated on the w. bor- 
der of the state, and contains 440 sq. ms. Pine 
mountain runs across the n. part of the co. 
Drained by Long, Flat Shoal, Pine, Mulberry, 
and other creeks, tributaries of Chattahoochee r, 
which runs on its w. border. Capital, Hamilton. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,311, sheep 
1,135, swine 7,935 ; wheat 12,585 bush, produced, 
Ind. corn 132,275, oats 3,190, potatoes 1,855, cot- 
ton 719,300 pounds, 12 stores, cap. $23,800 ; 3 
tanneries, 1 distillery, 3 flouring m., 6 grist m., 6 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $20,400. 1 acad. 70 



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students, 18 sell. 585 scholars. Pop. whites 7,482, 
slaves 6,418, free col'd 33; total, 13,933. 

Harris, p-t., Centre co.. Pa. It has 5 stores 
cap. $19,500 ; 1 furnace, 1 fulling m., 1 woollen 
fac, 3 tanneries, 1 pottery, 6 grist m., 6 saw m., 1 
oil m. Cap. in manufac. $16,3^0. 1 acad. 23 
students, 5 sch. 210 scholars. Pop. 1,978. 

Harris, t., Ottowa co., O., 14 n. Lower San- 
dusky, at the rapids of Portage r., where there 
are fine mill sites. Pop. 318. 

Harris, p-o., Louisa to., Va., 53 n. w. Rich 
mond, 97 W. 

Harrisburg, p-l., Lewis co., N. V., 145 n. w. 
Albany, 427 W. The surface is mostly level, 
and the soil is a fertile brown loam. Drained by 
Deer cr. and another slrcani, branches of Black 
r., which afford good water power. It has 2 saw 
m., 12 sch. 285 scholars. Pop. 850. 

Harrisburg, city, capital of Dauphin co., and 
of the stale of Pennsylvania, is situated on the e 
bank of the Susqueiianna, 98 i\. w. by w. of 
Philadelphia, 184 e. Pittsburg, 110 W., in 40° 16 
N. lat., and 76° 50' w. long. Pop. 1820, 3,000 : 
1830, 4,307; 1840, 5,980. Its situation is com- 
manding, having a fine view of the river and 
surrounding country. The houses are well built, 
and generally of brick. It has a splendid State 
House, on elevated ground, from which there is 
a gradual descent to the river. The building is 
180 feet long by 80 feet deep, and 2 stories high, 
with a cupola. Tlie exterior of the building, the 
interior arrangements, and the ornamented 
grounds by which it is surrounded, are in a high 
degree imposing. The county court house is a 
large and commodious brick building, containing 
halls for the courts and public offices, and is sur- 
mounted by a cupola. The county prison is a 
large stone edifice, with a spacious yard, and 
surrounded by a high stone wall. The Lancas- 
terian School House is a large 2 story brick build- 
ing, erected at the expense of the state. There 
are 2 banks, and 9 churches, some of them ele- 
gant structures — 1 Lutheran, 1 Presbyterian, 1 
Episcopal, 1 German Reformed, 2 Methodist, 1 
Baptist, 1 Roman Catholic, and 1 African. The 
Masonic Hall is an elegant edifice, and a fine 
market house is located at the centre of the place, 
at the intersection of two principal streets. The 
bridge over the Susquehanna is a fine cov- 
ered structure, extending to an island in the 
river, and thence to the opposite bank, 2,876 feet 
long, 40 feet wide, 50 feet above the surface of 
the river, and cost $155,000 ; there is another 
recently built. There were in 1840, 3 commis- 
sion houses engaged in for. trade, cap. $23,500 ; 
76 retail stores, cap. $319,860 ; 5 lumber yards, 
cap. $25,000 ; 1 forge, 2 tanneries, 3 breweries, 
2 potteries, 1 saw m., 12 printing office.s, 6 bin- 
deries, 11 weekly newspapers, 1 periodical. Cap. 
in manufac. $195,450. 3 acad. 115 students, 12 
sch. 588 scholars. 

Harrisburg, p-v., Pleasant t., Franklin co., 
O., 23 s. w. Columbus, 416 W. Situated on 
Darby cr. Pop. 8L 

Harrisville, t., Medina co., O. It has 3 
stores, cap. $27,000 ; 1 fulling ni., 1 tannery, 5 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,250; 6 sch. 246 
scholars. Pop. 1,255. * 

Harrisburg, p-v., Mecklenburg co., N. C, 
251 w. s. w. Raleigh, 390 VV. 

Harrisburg, p-v., Fayette co., la., 56 e. In- 
dianapolis, 5:^3 W. 

Harrisburg, p-v.. Van Buren co., Iowa. 

Harriso.n, county, Va. Situated in the n. w. 
part of the state, and contains 1,095 sq. ms. Wa- 
tered by the w. fork of Monongahela r. and its 
branches which flow n., and by head waters of 



Middle Island cr. which flow w. The surface is 
broken ; soil, fertile. Within this county is Rec- 
tor College, under the direction of the Methodists, 
founded in 1839, and contains a president and 
50 students, independent of the preparatory de- 
partment. Capital, Clarksburg. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 23,536, sheep 35,119, swine 
32,397 ; wheat 135,774 bush produced, rye 8,608, 
Ind. corn 420,900, buckwheat 6,397, oats 225,645, 
potatoes 62,2S5, tobacco 22,800 pounds, sugar 
200,372 : 30 stores, cap. $9S,700 ; 1 fulling m'., 9 
tanneries, 33 distilleries, 2 potteries, 50 grist m., 
53 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly 
newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $130,820. 1 col- 
lege, 110 students, 18 sch. 436 scholars. Pop. 
whites 16,850, slaves 693, free col'd 126 ; total, 
17,699. 

Harrison, county, Ky. Situated toward the 
N. E. part of the state, and contains 356 sq. ms. 
Drained by the s. fork of Licking r. and its tribu- 
taries. Licking r. runs through its n. e. part. 
The soil is generally fertile. Capital, Cynthiana. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 27,433, sheep 
55,408, swine 86,619; wheat 350,979 bush, pro- 
duced, rye 111,225, oats 240,266, tobacco 31,521 
ponnd.s, cotton 2,471, sugar 307,636; 42 stores, 
cap. $193,350 ; 3 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 624 
sp., 8 tanneries, 39 distilleries, 12 flouring m., 52 
grist m., 34 saw m., 1 printing oflice, 1 weekly 
newspaper. Cap. in manufac. .$215,953. 27 sch. 
617 scholars. Pop. whites 8,995, slaves 3,384, 
free col'd 93 ; total, 12,472. 

Harrison, county, O. Situated in the e 
part of the state, and contains 486 sq. m.s. The 
surface is hilly and broken, and the soil very fer- 
tile. Drained on the w. by Stillwater cr. and 
Conotten cr. and their branches, which flow into 
Tuscarawas r., and on the e. by the head branch- 
es of Indian and Indian Short creeks, which flow 
into the Ohio. Capital, Cadiz. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 16,290, sheep 48,355, swine 
30,778 ; wheat 364,069 bush, procluced, rye 14,302, 
buckwheat 15,330, barley 3i2, oats 358,932, pota- 
totoes 70,111, cotton 330,327 pounds, sugar 
18,736 ; 48 stores, cap. $60,560 ; 10 fulling m., 2 
woollen fac, 19 tanneries, 13 distilleries, 3 pot- 
teries, 3 flouring m., 37 grist m., 119 saw m., 2 
printing offices, 3 weekly newspapers. Cap. in 
manufac. $129,135. 1 college, 2L( students, 2 acad. 
45 students, 91 sch. 3,578 scholars. Pop. 20,099. 

Harrison, county, la. Situated in the s. part 
of the state, and contains 470 sq. ms. The Ohio 
r. runs by a curve in its s. e., s., and s. w. border. 
Drained by Blue r., and Big and Little Indian, 
and Buck creeks, tribu'aries of the Ohio r. Sur- 
face undulating or hilly ; soil, on the streams, 
very fertile, otherwise moderately good. Capi- 
tal, Corydon. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
9,038, sheep 14,653, swine 19,332 ; wheat 66,203 
bush, produced, Ind. corn 164,949, oats 73,873, 
potatoes 18,547; 8 tanneries, 22 distilleries, 1 
powder m., 7 flouring m., 20 grist m., 15 saw m., 
1 printing oflice, 1 weekly newspaper., 1 acad. 
90 students, 6 sch. 162 scholars. Pop. 12,459. 

Harrison, county. Miss. Situated in the s. 
part of the state, and contains 870 sq. ms. Sur- 
face level. Soil, light and sandy. Drained by 
Biloxi r. and branches, Wolf and Red rivers. 
Capital, Mississippi city. 

Harrison, p-t., Cumberland co., Me., 62 w. s. 
w. Augusta, 580 W. Long Pond lies on its s. w. 
border and is connected with Portland by a 
canal, and otherwise. Crooked r. runs on its E. 
border. The soil is fertile, adapted to wheat. In 
corporated in 1805. It has 1 store, cap. $3,000 ; 
1 fulhug m., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 2 saw m., 14 
bch. 481 scholars. Pop. 1,243. 



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Harrison, t., Westchester co., N. Y., 3 e. 
White Plains, 134 s. Albany. The surface is 
generally level ; soil, a fertile loam, and well 
cultivated. Drained by Blind brook, and Ma- 
maroneck cr., which flow into Long Island sound. 
It has 7 sch. 180 scholars. Pop. 1,139. 

Harriso.v, t., Hudson co., N. J. Situated be- 
tween the Hackensack and Passaic rivers. Sur- 
face level, mostly salt marsh. It has 1 pottery, 
1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,550. 4 sch. 127 
scholars. Pop. 1,156. 

Harrison, t.. Potter co.. Pa. It has 1 saw m., 

4 sch. 90 scholars. Pop. 497. 

Harrison, p-v., Crosby t., Hamilton co., O., 
126 vv. s. w. Columbus, 21 n. w. Cincinnati, 510 
W. Situated on the n. side of Whitewater r. It 
contains 3 churches, 6 stores, 1 flouring m., 1 
carding machine, 100 dwellings, and about 400 
inhabitants. The main street runs on the line 
between Ohio and Indiana, so that about one 
third of the inhabitants are in Indiana. 

Harrison, t., Carroll co., O. It contains the 
V. of Harrisburg. It has 1 school. Pop. 1,308. 

Harrison, t.. Champaign co., O. Watered by 
Stony cr. The line of the Mad River and 
Lake Erie railroad passes through it. It has 1 
store, cap. $1,500 ; 2 saw m. Pop. 790. 

Harriso.n, t., Darke co., O., contains New 
Madison and BrafRtsville \'illages. It has 2 sch. 
63 scholars. Pop. 1,667. 

HarrisOxN, t., Gallia co., O. Drained by Ra- 
coon cr. Pop. 688. 

Harrison, t., Jackson co., O. It has 2 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $1,050. Pop. 378. 

Harrison, t., Knox co.. O. Watered by Ver- 
non r. It lias 7 sch. 250 scholars. Pop. 833. 

Harrison, t.. Van Wert co., O. Pop. 163. 

Harrison, t., Licldng co., O. Watered by the 
s. fork of Licking r. The surface is level ; soil, 
fertile. It contains the reservoir of the Licking 
summit of the Ohio canal. It has 9 sch. 292 
scholars. Pop. 870. 

Harrison, t., Logan co., O. It has 3 sch. 85 
scholars. Pop. 658. 

Harrison, t., Preble co., O. The soil is fer- 
tile, and tolerably well cultivated. Pop. 1,706. 

Harriso\, t., Scioto CO., O. The surface is 
hilly ; soil, fertile. It contains 4 grist m., 3 saw 
m. ■ Pop. 686. 

Harriso.n, t., Pickaway co., O. Situated on 
the E. side of Scioto r. It has 3 stores, cap. $4,000 ; 
1 distillery, 2 flouring m., 2 grist m., 3 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $11,810. 6 sch. 133 scholars. 
Pop. 1,149. 

Harrison, t., Blackford cc, la. Pop. 387. 

Harrison, t., Clay co., la. It has 1 store, 
cap. $1,000 ; 1 grist m., 1 school. Pop. 674. 

Harrison, t., Hancock co., la. It has 2 grist 
m. Cap. in manufac. $1,500. Pop. 399. 

Harrison, t., Harrison co., la. It has 3 tan- 
neries, 9 distilleries, 1 powder m., 1 printing 
oflice, 1 weekly newspaper, 3 flouring m., 6 grist 
m., 6 saw m. 2 sch. 56 scholars. Pop. 3,253. 

Harriso.n, t., Henry co., la. Pop. 788. 

Harrison, t., Owen co., la. It has 2 sch. 175 
scholars. Pop. 401. 

Harrison, t.. Perry co., O. It has 1 pottery, 
1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,565. 

5 sch. 122 scholars. Pop. 1,034. 

Harriso.n, t., Macomb co., Mich. The soil is 
fertile. It has 9 sch. 181 scholars. Pop. 395. 

Harrison, p-v.. Union co., Ark., 98 s. Little 
Rock, 1,163 W. 

Harrison, p-o., Louisa co., Iowa. 

Harrison, p-v., Hamilton co., Tenn. 

Harrisonburg, p-v., capital of Rockingham 
CO., Va., 131 N. w. Richmond, 131 W. It contains 



a court house, jail, market house, 2 churches — 
1 Presbyterian and 1 JMethodist — a printing 
office, with a weekly newspaper, 150 dwellings, 
and about 1,100 inhabitants. 

Harrisonburg, pv., capital of Catahoola par.. 
La., 236 N. w. New Orleans, 1,150 W. Situated 
on the w. side of Ouchilta r. It contains a court 
house and a few dwellings. 

Harrison's Mills, p-o., Crawford co.. Mo., 
88 s. E. .leflTerson city, 902 W. Situated on the 
E. side of Maramec r. 

Harrison's Tan Yard, p-o.. Christian co., 
Ky., 206 s. w. Frankfort, 742 W. 

Harrison Valley, p-o., Potter co.. Pa., 174 
N. w. Harrisburg, 238 W. 

Harrisonville, p-o., Gloucester, co., N. J. 

IIarrisonville, p-v., Shelby CO., Ky., 39 w. 
Frankfort, 557 W. 

Harrisonville, p-o., Bedford co.. Fa. 

Harrisonville, p-v., Monroe co.. 111., 127 s. 
s. w. Springfield, 840 W. Situated on the E. 
bank of the Mississippi r. Contains a store and 
several dwellings. 

Harrisonville, p-v., Meigs co., O. 

Harrisonville, p-v., capital of Van Buren 
CO., Mo., 174 w. Jefl^rson city, 1,073 W. Situ- 
ated on the N. side of Grand r., a branch of Osage 
r. It contains a court house and several dwell- 
ings. 

Harrisville, p-v., Butler co.. Pa., 224 w. n. 
w. Harrisburg, 264 W. It contains 2 stores, and 
10 or 12 dwellings. 

Harrisville, p-v.. Short Creek t., Harrison 
CO., O., 123 e. n. e. Columbus, 278 W. It con- 
tains 3 stores. 

Harrisville, p-v., Dinwiddle co., Va., 53 s. 
Richmond, 172 W. 

Harrisville, p-o., Montgomery co., N. C. 
126 w. s. w. Raleigh, 400 W. 

Harrodsburg, pv., capital of fiercer co., Ky., 
31s. Frankfort, 553 W. Situated 8 ms. s. of Ken- 
tucky r., on a small branch of Salt river. It was 
early settled. It contains a Presbyterian and a 
Methodist church, a bank, an academy, 2 sch. 
55 scholars. Pop. 1,254. It has a mineral spring 
much resorted to. Here is located Bacon Col- 
lege, founded in 1836, and contains a president 
and 8 professors, or other instructors, 203 stu- 
dents, and 1,200 vols, in its libraries. The com- 
mencement is on the last Friday iu September. 

Hart, county, Ky. Situated a little s. w. of 
the centre of the state, and contains 432 sq. ms. 
Watered by Green r. and Bacon cr. The sur- 
face is level ; soil, very fertile. Capital, Mum- 
fordsville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
5,599, sheep 6,816, swine 9,933; wheat 21,869 
bushels produced, rye 1,950, Ind. corn 144,772, 
oats 64,209, potatoes 4,909, tobacco 346,624 
pounds, cotton 2,471 ; 8 stores, cap. $35,500 ; 2 
cotton flic. 588 sp., 3 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 13 
grist m., 8 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $69,855. 9 
sch. 241 scholars. Pop. whites 5,978, slaves 
1,009, free col'd 44; total, 7,031. 

Hart, t., Warwick co., la. It has 20 stores, 
cap. $20,000 ; 3 sch. 100 scholars. Pop. 838. 

Hartfield, v., Chautauque t., Chautauque co., 
N. Y. Situated on a stream 1 m. n. Chautauque 
Lake, and contains 3 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw ra., 
1 tannery, 30 dwellings, and 180 inhabitants. 

Hartford, county, Ct. Situated n. of the 
centre of the state, and contains 727 sq. miles. 
Organized in 1666, when it contained several 
other counties. Connecticut r. runs through the 
middle of the county. Farmington r. and Mill 
r. enter the Connecticut on the w., and Podunk, 
Scantic, and other small tributaries on the e. 
Its streams afford good water power. Capital, 



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Hartford. There were in 1840, neat catlle 
33,63-2, sheep 48,414, swine 19,562; wheat 
13,449 bushels produced, rye 177,516, Ind. corn 
278,863, buckwiieat 66,571, barley 1,394, oats 
219,084, potatoes 278,863, tobacco 471,380 pounds, 
silk cocoons 2,826, sugar 5,600 ; 13 houses in 
foreijjn trade, cap. i!«383,000 ; 371 stores, cap. 
$2,346,345 : 8 lumber yards, cap. $83,000 ; cap. 
invested in fisheries, §3,510; value of hardware 
and cutlery manufactured, §325,900 ; 28 fulling 
m., 20 woollen fac, 12 cotton fac. 12,930 sp., 4 
dyeing and print, estab., 26 tanneries, 32 distil- 
leries, 7 powder m., 7 potteries, 2 rope fac, 1 flour- 
ing m., 51 grist m., 81 saw m., 19 paper fac, 11 
printing offices, 7 binderies, 6 periodicals, 1 daily, 
10 weekly, 3 semi-weekly newspapers. Cap. in 
manufac. $3,161,365; 2colleges, 118 students, 18 
acad. 1,043 students, 240 sch. 10,983 scholars. 
Pop. .55,629. 

Hartford, p-t., Oxford co., Mc, 34 w. Augus- 
ta, 600 W. It is a good agricultural t. The sur- 
face is uneven, and the soil adapted to grain and 
grazing. It has 1 store, 1 tannery, 1 flouring m., 1 
grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,300. 528 
scholars in schools. Pop. 1,472. 

Hartford, p-t., Windsor co., Vt., 52 s. s. F,. 
Montpelier, 437 W. The surface is uneven, and 
the soil fertile. Watered by White and Water- 
queechy rivers. Connecticut r. bounds it on the 
E. The principal v. is situated on Connecticut r., 
at the mouth of White r. There are in the t., 6 
stores, cap. $44,000 ; 3 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 
3 tanneries, 3 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $155,780. 21 sch. 683 scholars. Pop. 2,194. 
Hartford, city, capital of Hartford co., Ct., 
and the semi-capital of the state Situated on the 
w. side of Connecticut river, 50 miles from its 
mouth, at the head of sloop navigation; and is 
in 41° 45' N. lat., and 70° 50' w. Ion. from Green- 
wich, and 4° 15' e. Ion. from W. It is 34 miles 
N. N. E. from New Haven ; 44 n. w. from New- 
London ; 70 w. from Providence; 100 w. s. w. 
from Boston; 97 s. e. from Albany ; and 123 n. 
E. from New York ; 336 W. The population in 
1810, was 3,955; in 1820, 4,726; in 1830, 7,076; 
in 1840, 9,468. Engaged in commerce, 575 ; in 
manufactures and trades, 1,081 ; learned pro- 
fessions, 112. 

The compact part of the city is more than a 
mile in length, and three fourths of a mile wide. 
The ground rises gradually from the river, and 
on the w. and s. becomes considerably elevated 
The streets are not laid out with great regularity 
Main-street, which passes through the place in a 
N. and s. direcUon, about 60 rods from the river, 
is broad, and well built ; and Little river, which 
crosses the s. part of the city from west to east, 
is crossed in this street by a stone bridge, 100 feet 
■wide, consisting of a single arch of 104 feet span, 
over 30 feet above the bed of the river. Many of 
the streets have fine houses in pleasant locations. 
Little river furnishes, in the city, some valuable 
water power. Hartford is well situated to be- 
come a considerable commercial capital. Con- 
necticut r., which has been made navigable for 
boats, 220 miles, to the mouth of Wells river, in 
Newbury, Vt., opens an extensive country to it 
at the north. A covered bridge, 1,000 feet long 
and which cost about $100,000, connects the 
city with East Hartford. A line of steamboats 
connects the city with New York ; and a railroad 
extends 3S miles to New Haven. 
_ Among the public buildings and institutions 
IS the state house, a spacious and hand.some edi- 
fice, fronimg on Main-street. The legislature 
now meets here, on each alternate year, the odd 
years at Hartford. The city hall is a large and 



commodious building of the Doric order of ar- 
chitecture. Washington College has an elevated 
and commanding position in the western part of 
the city, has 2 large edifices, was founded in 
1821, has a president and 8 other professors or 
instructors, has had 175 alumni, of whom 42 have 
been ministers, has 80 students, and 6,300 vols, 
in its libraries ; its philosophical apparatus is 
quite complete, a cabinet of minerals and a 
botanical garden are connected with the institu- 
tion. It is under the direction of the Episco- 
palians. The commencement is on the first 
Thursday of August. The American Asylum, 
for the instruction of the deaf and dumb, was the 
first establishment of the kind in the United 
States, and has prepared teachers for other 
similar institutions. The Rev. Thomas H. Gal- 
laudet, its first principal, visited Europe, and par- 
ticulary France, to obtain the requisite inlbrma- 
tion, and was eminently successful. In addition 
to funds granted by the state, and by individuals, 
the United States granted a township of land, 
in Alabama, consisting of upwards of 23,000 
acres, which constitutes a permanent fund, and 
enables the institution to afford instruction on 
very favorable terms. It has a large and com- 
modious building, in a commanding situation, in 
the w. part of the city, surrounded by 8 or 10 
acres of land belonging to the establishment. It 
has, usually, about 140 pupils. The Retreat for the 
Insane, is on a commanding eminence, a mile and 
a quarter s. from the state house, and was opened 
in .\pril, 1324. It has a spacious and fine stone 
edifice, covered with cement, and, with the sur- 
rounding grounds, has a handsome appearance. 
It is well conducted, and is one of the best insti- 
tutions of the kind in the United States. The 
Atheneum, an elegant edifice of the Gothic order 
of architecture, is now being constructed, intend- 
ed to accommodate the "Young Men's Institute," 
" Historical Societj'," and Gallery of Paintings. 

There are, in the city, 12 churches — 3 Congre- 
gational, 2 Episcopal, 2 Baptist, 1 Methodist, 1 
Universalist, 1 Roman Catholic. There are 5 
banks, with an aggregate cap. of over $3,000,000, 
a bank for savings, 3 fire and marine insurance 
companies, an arsenal, a museum, and 2 markets. 

There were in 1840, 3 for. commercial and 
10 commission houses, cap. $383,000 ; 245 retail 
stores, cap. $1,934,250 ; 6 lumber yards, capital 
$76,000; machinery produced, $6,000; 5 fur- 
naces, cap. $54,000; precious metals produced, 
$27,000; various metals, $121,500; silk, cap. 
$30,000 ; 1 tannery, cap. $500 ; manufac. of lea- 
ther, cap. $130,370; 1 pottery, cap. $12,000; 1 
ropewalk, cap. $6,000; 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 
2 saw m., cap. $43,000; 11 printing offices, 6 
binderies, 1 daily, 10 weekly, and 3 semi-week- 
ly newspapers, 6 periodicals, employed 191 per- 
sons, cap. $43,775. Total cap. in manufactures, 
$578,195. 1 college, 79 students, 5 acad. 535 
students, 8 sch. 1,252 scholars. 

The Indian name of Hartford was Suckiag. 
In 1633 a company of Dutch tiraders came to 
Hartford, and built a house at the mouth of Little 
river, which they called the Hhse of Good Hope, 
and erected a small fort, in which they planted 2 
cannon ; they opposed the first English settle- 
ment, but at length relinquished their claim. 

Hartford was first permanently settled in 1635, 
by the Rev. Mr. Hooker, and a party of emigrants 
who travelled through the wilderness, with their 
cattle, from Newtov^'u, (now Cambridge,) Mass., 
subsisting chiefly on the milk of their cows. It 
was incorporated as a city in 1784. 

Hartford, t., Susquehanna Co., Pa. It has 2 
stores, cap. $11,000; 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 



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2 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in mannl'ac. $11,850. 
1 acad. 150 students, 10 sch. 23J scholars. Pop. 
1,179. 

H.VRTFORD, p-t., Wasliington co., N. Y., 14 n. 
Salein, 57 n. n. e. Albany. Tlie surface is hilly, 
and the soil a sandy and clay loam. Drained by 
branches of Wood or. The v. is situated on the 
northern post road, and contains 1 Baptist and 1 
Universulist church, 3 stores, 25 dwellings, and 
150 inhabitants. The t. contains 5 stores, cap, 
$14,500 ; 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 3 saw m., 1 acad. 
10 students, 7 sch. 185 scholars. Pop. about 2,164. 

Hartford, p-v., capital of Ohio co., Ky., 154 
w. s. w. Franlitbrt, 696 W. Situated on the s. 
side of Rough cr., a main branch of Kentucky r., 
and near the junction of Mead cr. It contains a 
court house, jail, and 309 inhabitants. 

Hartford, p-t., Trumbull co., O., 187 n. e. 
Columbus, 299 W. The soil is fertile and well 
cultivated. It contains good quarries of building 
stone. It has 2 churches, 11 sch. 400 scholars. 
Pop. 1,123. 

Hartford, t.. Licking co., O. Situated near 
the centre of the state. Tiie village contains 2 
churches, 3 stores, 30 dwellings, and about 150 
inhabitants. There are in the t., 6 sch. 350 
scholars. Pop. 1,355. 

Hartford, v., Pulaski co., Ga. Situated on 
the E. side of Ocmulgee r., and contains 12 stores, 
and about 40 dwellings. Sea shells are found 
here in great abundance, on the banks of the r., 
which is 130 miles distant from the ocean. 

Hartford, p-v., Delaware co., la., 93 n. e. 
Indianapolis, 525 W. 

Hartford, p-v., capital of Blackford co., la., 
81 N. E. Indianapolis, 552 W. 

Hartford, t.. Van Buren co., Mich. Pop. 76. 

Hartford, t.. Pike co., Mo. It has 1 sch. 21 
scholars. Pop. 776. 

Hartford, p-v., Knox co.. 111., 93 n. n. w. 
Springfield, 525 W. 

Hartford, p-v., Des Moines co., Iowa. 

Hartland, p-t., Somerset CO., Me., 47 n. by e. 
Augusta, 642 W. The soil is fertile, adapted to 
grain and to grazing. A large pond lies in its n. 
part, from which flows a main branch of Sebas- 
ticook r. Incorporated in 1820. It has 1 saw 
m., 8 sell. 432 scholars. Pop. 1,02-*. 

Hartland, p-t., Windsor co., Vt., 62 s. s. e. 
Montpelier, 477 W. Situated on the w. bank of 
Connecticut r. The surface is diversified, and 
the soil is fertile. Drained by Waterqueechy r. 
and Lull's brook, which afford water power. 
Chartered in 1761 by N. H., and in 1766 by N. 
Y. First settled in 1763. It has 6 stores, cap. 
$24,000; 3 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 
2 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. §49,500. 
1 acad. 30 students, 20 sch. 791 scholars. Pop. 
2,341. 

Hartland, p-t., Hartford co., Ct., 24 .n. n. e. 
Hartford, 300 W. The surface is mountainous, 
and the soil adapted to grazing. Watered by 
the e. branch of Farmington r. Incorporated 
in 1761. It has 4 stores, cap. $6,500 ; 1 tannery, 

1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac, $44,000. 
9 sch. 179 scholars. Pop. 1,060. 

Hartland, p-t., Niagara co., N. Y., 270 w. 
by N. Albany, 4)0 W. The surface is level ; 
soil, sandy and calcareous loam. Watered by 
Johnson's and Eighteen Mile creeks, which flow 
into Lake Ontario. It has 2 stores, cap. $7,500 ; 

2 fulling m., 4 saw m. Cap, in manufac. $6,550. 
1 acad. 19 students, 8 sch. 452 scholars. Pop. 
2,350. 

Hartland, p-t., Huron co,, O., 9 s. e. Nor- 
walk, 106 N. by e. Columbus, 384 W. It has 5 
8ch. 155 scholars. Pop. 925. 



Hartland, p-t., Livingston co., Mich,, 52 w. 
by N, Detroit, 571 W. It has 4 sch. 103 scholars. 
Pop. 570. 

Hartland, p-v., McHenry co., III., 226 n. n. 
E. Springfield, 778 W. 

Hartley, t.. Union co., Pa. It has 3 stores, 
2 fulling m., 1 forge, 1 tannery, 2 distilleries, 3 
flouring m., 2 grist m., 10 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. 
in manulac. $23,750. 7 sch. 280 scholars. Pop 
1,866. 

Hartlevton, p-v.. Hartley t., Union co., Pa., 
81 N. Harrisburg, 191 W. It contains a Luther- 
an church, 3 stores, and 30 or 40 dwellings. 

Hart's Cross Roads, p-o., Crawford co.. Pa,, 
248 N, w. Harrisburg, 306 W. 

Hart's Grove, p-t., Ashtabula co., O., 181 n. 
E. Columbus, 332 W. Organized in 1320. It 
has 1 store, 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Pop 
553. 

Hartshorn, p-o., Orange co., N. C, 61 n. w. 
Raleigh, 301 W. 

Hart's Location, p-o., Coos co., N. H., 88 n. 
Concord, 574 W. 

Hart's Mills, p-o., Ripley co., la., 78 s. e. 
Indianapolis, 540 W, 

Hart's Village, p-o., Washington t., Dutch- 
ess CO., N. v., 80 s. Albany, 314 W. 

Hartsville, p-v., Tyringham t., Berkshire 
CO., Mass., 134 w. by s. Boston, 361 W. 

Hartsville, p-v., Manlius t., Onondaga co,, 
N. Y., 128 N. by w. Albany, 334 W. It con- 
tains 1 store, 1 cotton fac, 1 woollen fac, and 
about 30 dwellings, 

Hartsville, p-v., Bucks co.. Pa., 103 E. 
Harri-sburg, 157 W. Situated on the line between 
Warminster and Warwick townships, and con- 
tains a store, and 12 or 15 dwellings. 

Hartsville, p-v., Sumner co., Tenn., 45 N. 
E. Na.shville, 64S W. Situated on the n. side of 
Cumberland r., and contains 1 church, 1 female 
seminary, and 300 inhabitants. 

Hartsville, p-v., Bartholomew co., la., 54 s, 
Indianapolis, 566 W. 

Hartsville, p-o., Darlington Dist., S. C, 105 
E. by N. Columbu.s, 477 W. 

Hartsville, p-o., Stark co., O., 136 n. e. Co- 
lumbus, 321 W. 

Hartsville, p-o,, Shiawassee co., Mich., 83 
N. w. Detroit, 586 W. 

Hartville, v., capital of Wright co,. Mo. 
Situated on the n, side of Wood's Fork of 
Gasconade r, 

Hartwick, p-t., Otsego co., N. Y., 74 w. Al- 
bany, 367 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, a fer- 
tile sandy loam. Drained by Otego cr. and 
Susquehanna r. The v. is situated in the valley 
of tiie Otego cr., in the n. w. part of the t., and 
contains 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, and 1 Metho- 
dist church, 7 stores, 1 iron foundry, 1 grist ra., 
1 saw m., 1 clothier's works, 70 dwellings, and 
about 400 inhabitants. There are in the t,, 7 
stores, cap, $19,200; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 
1 cotton fac. 2,616 sp., 3 tanneries, 3 grist m., 6 
saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $79,200, 2 acad. 
75 students, 17 sch. 1,006 scholars. Pop. 2,490. 

Hartwick Seminary, p-v., Hartwick t., 
Otsego CO., N. Y., 73 w. Albany, 369 W. Situ- 
ated on Susquehanna r., in the e. part of the t. 
Here is situated the " Hartwick Seminary," 
under the direction of the Lutherans, for a litera- 
ry and theological education. Founded in 1816, 
by a donation of $80,0(.)0, by John Christopher 
Hartwick. The number of students is small. 
It has a library of 1,000 vols. Here are also a 
Lutheran church, and about 20 dwellings. 

Hartwood, p-o., Sullivan co., N, Y,, 118 s. 
W.Albany, 276 W, 



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Hartwood, p-0., Stafford co., Va., 72 n. Ricli- 
mond, 63 W. 

Harvard, p-t., Worcester co., Mass., 32 n. 
w. Boston, 472 W. Organized in 1732. Na.sh- 
na r. runs on it,s w. border. Watered by Stony 
r., which proceeds from a large pond, near the 
centre of the t. The v. at the centre, near the 
outlet of the pond, contains 1 Congregational 
and 1 Unitarian church. In the n. k. pari of the 
t. is a society of Shakers. There are in the t., 
3 stores, cap. $15,500 ; 3 paper fac, 4 grist m., 4 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $23,900. 9 sch. 434 
scholars. Pop. 1,571. 

Harvevs, p-o., Greene co., Pa., 223 s. w. 
Harrisburg, 23J W. 

Harveysburgh, p-v., Wayne t., Warren co., 
O., 81 N. E. Columbus, 455 W. It contains about 
40 dwellings, and 300 inhabitants. 

Harvev's Store, p-o., Charlotte co., Va., 
110 s. w. Richmond, 197 W. 

Harveysville, p-v., Luzerne co., Pa., 108 n. 
K. Harrisburg, 219 W. 

Harwich, p-t., Barnstable co., Mass., 89 s. e. 
Boston, 490 W. It has the Atlantic on the s. 
Incorporated in 1G94. Watered by Long pond 
and Herring r. its outlet, which affords water 
power. 2,310 bush, salt were manufactured in 
1840. The cod and mackerel fisheries employ 
most of the inhabitants. It has 12 stores, cap. 
$21,850; 8 grist ra. Cap. in manufac. $6,000. 
13 sch. 1,127 scholars. Pop. 2,930. 

Harwinton, p-t., Litchfield co., Ct., 24 w. 
Hartford, 334 W. The surface is elevated 
and uneven, and the soil adapted to grazing. 
Incorporated in 1737. Watered by Naugatuc r., 
which runs on its w. border, and Lead Mhie r. 
its tributary. The v. contains 1 Congregational 
and 1 Episcopal church, and 20 or 30 dwellings. 
There are in the t., 1 cotton fac, 4 grist m., 8 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,900. 12 sch. 312 
scholars. Pop. 1,201. 

Haskellville, p-o., Lawrence co., O. 

Haskinsville, p-v., Greene co., Ky., 97 s. s. 
vv. Frankfort, 620 W. 

Hastings, p-t., Oswego co., N. Y., 150 w. n. 
w. Albany, 371 W. The surface is level ; soil, 
.sandy loam, adapted to grass. Drained by 
Salmon cr. on the n., and the outlet of Oneida 
lake on its s. border. It has 6 stores, cap. 
$9,950 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 6 
saw m. Cap. in manufactures $9,350. 1 acad. 
48 students, 22 sch. 519 scholars. Population 
1,983. 

Hastings, v., Yonkers t., Westchester co., N. 
Y., 20 N. New York. Situated on the e. side of 
Hudi-on r., and has a convenient landing. It 
contains a store, and 12 or 15 dwellings. 

Hastings, p-o., Richland co., O., 70 n. by e. 
Columbus, 376 W. 

Hastings, p-t., capital of Barry co., Mich., 144 
w. by N. Detroit, 609 W. The v. is situated on 
Thornapple r., which affords extensive water 
power. It has 1 saw m. Cap. in manufactures 
$800. 3 sch. 45 scholars. Pop. 279. 

Hat, p-o., Lancaster co.. Pa., 50 s. E. Harris- 
burg, 125 W. 

Hat Creek, p-o., Campbell co., Va. 

Hatborough, p-v., Moreland t., Montgomery 
CO., Pa., 17 N. Philadelphia, 112 e. Harrisburg, 
153 VV. It is pleasantly situated near Penny- 
pack cr., and contains a well endowed academy, 
a public library, 2 stores, 1 grist m., and over 40 
dwellings. 

Hatchersville, p-o., Chesterfield co., Va. 

H.vtchy, p o., Hayward co., Tenn., 164 w. 
Nashville, 849 W. 

Hatcuy, r., Tenn., rises in McNairy co., and, 



flowing N. w., w., and s. w., over 100 ms., falls 
into the Mississippi, at Randolph. 

Hatfield, p-t., Hampshire co., Mass., 97 w. 
Boston, 334 W. Situated on the w. side of Con- 
necticut r. The soil is generally fertile. Watered 
by Mill r. It contains a pleasant v., which has 
a congregational church. A bridge across Con- 
necticut r. connects it with Hadley. It has 2 
stores, cap. $4,000 : 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $7,700. 6 sch. 295 scholars. Pop. 933. 

Hatfield, t., Montgomery co.. Pa., 21 n. w. 
Philadelphia. The surface is rolling ; soil, sandy 
loam. Watered by Neshaminy and Towamen- 
sing creeks. It contains the v. of Lexington. It 
has 3 stores, cap. $7,000. Pop. 8J5. 

Hatteras, cape, N. C, a stormy and danger- 
ous low promontory on the s. w. end of an isl- 
and, composed of sand and rock, which encloses 
Pamlico sound. It is the dread of navigators, 
and has been the occasion of many shipwrecks. 
Situated in 35° 15'. n. lat., and 75° 30' vv. Ion. 

Havanna, p-v., Catherines t., Chemung co., N. 
Y., 194 w. s. w. Albany, 299 W. Situated on 
the inlet of Seneca lake, 3 miles from its mouth, 
and on the line of the Chemung canal. Incor- 
porated in 1S36. It contains 1 Presbyterian and 
1 Methodist church, 9 stores, 1 warehouse, 1 cot- 
ton fac, 2 flouring m., 1 saw m., 1 oil m., 1 plas- 
ter m., 1 furnace, 1 tannery, 2 boat yards, 100 
dwellings, and about 700 inhabitants. 

Havanna, v.. Licking co., O. Pop. 54. 

Havanna, p-v., Greene co., Ala., 25 s. Tusca- 
loosa, 844 W. 

Havanna, p-v., capital. Mason co., HI., 45 n. 
N. w. Springfield, 825 W. Situated on the e. 
side of Illinois r., directly opposite to the mouth 
of Spoon r. It is on a high sandy ridge, 5 J feet 
above the highest flood of the r. It has a con- 
venient landing. 

Havensville, p-o., Bradford co.. Pa., 157 n. 
Harrisburg, 264 W. 

Haverford, p-t., Delaware co.. Pa., 95 s. E. 
Harrisburg, 8 Philadelphia, 137 W. The sur- 
face is hilly ; soil, a fertile sandy loam, well cul- 
tivated. Darby cr. runs on its w. boundary. 
Cobb's cr. runs through the e. part. It has 3 
stores, cap. $S,000 ; 1 lumber yard, cap. $4,500 ; 
1 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac 150 sp., 
1 tannery, 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$55,000. 1 college, 78 students, 3 sch. 295 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,139. 

Haverhill, p-t., semi-capital of Grafton co., 
N. H., 70 N. N. vv. Concord, 515 W. Situated on 
the E. side of Connecticut r. Incorporated in 
1764. Watered by Hazen's and Oliverian brooks, 
which flow into Connecticut r. The principal v., 
called Haverhill Corner, is pleasantly situated on 
the s. side of Oliverian brook, near its entrance 
into Connecticut r. It contains a court house, 
jail, banking house, an academy, a Congrega- 
tional church, a printing office, and about 60 
dwellings, many of them handsome. There are 
in the t. 6 stores, cap. $2,300 ; 2 tanneries, 1 
printing office, 1 weekly paper, 4 grist m., 9 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac $40,075. 9 sch. 532 schol- 
ars. Pop. 2,784. 

Haverhill, p-t., Essex co., Mass., 32 n. by 
w. Boston, 462 W. Situated on the n. side of 
Merrimac r., at the head of navigation, opposite 
to Bradford, witii which if is connected by an 
elegant bridge, 800 feet long. There is anotlier 
bridge in the e. part of the t., 1,000 feet long, 
where is another v., containing a Baptist church. 
The principal v. contains 4 churches — 1 Congre- 
gational, 1 Baptist, 1 Unitarian, and 1 Universal- 
ist — a bank, 2 printing offices, and various manu- 
facturing establishments. Vessels of 100 tons 



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come to this place. There are in the t. 31 stores, 
cap. $63,000 ; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tan- 
neries, 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers, 
5 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $345, 150. 
1 acad. 70 students, 25 sch. 1,027 scholars. Pop. 
/I 335. 

Haverstraw, pt., Rockland co., N. Y., 115 s. 
Albany, 271 W. The surface is mountainous, 
with some fertile valleys. Soil, clay loam. Hud- 
son r. bounds it on the e. It has convenient 
landings. The v., on Hudson r., contains 2 
churches, an academy, 6 stores, 1 ship yard, 60 
dwellings, and 400 inhabitants. A steamboat 
and several sloops ply between this place and 
New York. Stony Point, famous in the revolu- 
tionary war, lies in this t. There are in the t. 9 
stores, cap. $25,500; 1 lumber yard, cap. $5,000; 
1 furnace, 2 forges, 1 fulling m., I woollen fac, 1 
tannery, 1 paper fac, 3 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $221,000. 6 sch. 212 scholars. Pop. 
3,449. 

Haviland's Hollow, p-o., Patterson t., Put- 
nam CO , N. Y., 95 s. Albany, 298 W. 

Havre de Grace, p-v., seaport, Harford co., 
Md., fit N. E. Annapolis, 71 W. Situated on the 
w. bank of Susquehanna r., at its entrance into 
Chesapeake bay. The Wilmington and Balti- 
more railroad passes through the place, and 
crosses the Susquehanna r. by a steam ferry. 
The Susquehanna canal terminates here, and 
connects the Chesapeake with the canals of Pa. 
It contains 1 Episcopal church, several stores, a 
printing office, and 1,200 inhabitants. It has val- 
uable sliad and herring fisheries. It was burned 
in 'H13 by the British, under Admiral Cockburn. 

Hawesville, p-v., capital of Hancock co., 
Ky., 135 w. by s. Frankfort, 677 W. Situated 
on the s. bank of the Ohio r., at the mouth of 
Lead cr. It has a court house, 1 Baptist and 1 
Methodist church, and 420 inhabitants. 

Hawfield, p-v., Orange co., N. C, 48 n. w. 
Raleigh, 232 W. 

Hawkins, county, Tenn. Situated in the n. 
E. part of the state, and contains 750 sq ms. The 
surface is mountainous. Drained by Holston 
and Clinch rivers, and their tributaries. Capital, 
Rogersville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
13,198, sheep 18,8^7, swine 54,320 ; wheat 100,777 
bush, produced, rye 3,992, Ind. com 697,966, oats 
206,612. potatoes 51,754, tobacco 53,140 pounds, 
cotton 929, sugar 51,030 ; 13 stores, cap. .$1 12,500 ; 
1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 cotton fac. 1,149 
sp., 12 tanneries, 53 distilleries, 1 pottery, 7 flour- 
ing m., 46 grist m., 32 saw m., 3 oil m., 1 printing 
office, 1 weekly nev^spaper. Cap. in manufac. 
$139,744. 1 acad. 20 students, 50 sch. 1,037 
scholars. Pop. whites 13,408, slaves 1,499, free 
col'd 128; total, 15,035. 

Hawkinsville, p o., Sussex co., Va., 43 s. 
Richmond, 162 W. 

Hawki.nsville, p-v., capital of Pulaski co., 
Ga., 71 s. Milledgeville, 718 W. Situated on the 
w. bank of the Ocniulgee r. It has a court 
liouse, jail, and bank. 

Hawley, p-t., Franklin co., Mass., Ill w. by 
N. Boston, 405 W. The surface is elevated and 
imeven, and the soil adapted to grazing. Water- 
ed by branches of Deerfield r. Incorporated in 
1792. Iron ore is found here. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $2,200; 2 tanneries, 10 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $11,550. 10 sch. 264 scholars. Pop. 
977. 

Haw Patch, po., La Grange co., la., 157 n. 
E. Indianapolis, 396 W. 

Haw, r., N. C, rises in Rockingham and Guil- 
ford counties, and in Chatham co. unites with 
Deep r., to form the n. w. branch of Cape Fear r. 



Haw Creek, t., Morgan co., Mo. Pop. 603. 

Haw River, p-o., Orange co., N. C, 59 n. w. 
Raleigh, 292 W. 

Hawsburo, p-v., Rappahannock co., Va., 130 
N. N. w. Richmond, 87 W. 

Hawsertown, p-o., Owen co., la., 70 s. w. 
Indianapolis, 641 W. 

Haycock, t., Bucks co., Pa., 12 Doylestown. 
The surface is hilly ; soil, gravel. Watered by 
Tohickon creek and its tributaries. It has 1 tan- 
nery, 4 potteries, 3 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $5,200. 3 sch. 65 scholars. Pop. 1,021. 

Hayfield, p-t., Crawford co., Pa. It has 1 
store, cap. $1,000; 1 distillery, 5 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $5,200. Pop. 1,401. 

Haydensville, p-o., Hampshire co., Mass., 
98 w. Boston, 386 W. 

Haydon's, p-o., Owen co., Ky., 37 n. Frank- 
fort, 548 W. 

Haysville, p-v., Vermilion t., Richland co., 
O., 78 N. N. e. Columbus, 363 W. It is a small 
v., containing 2 stores. 

Hay Market, p-v.. Prince William co., Va., 
114 N. Richmond, 46 W. 

Haymeadow, p-o., Wilkes co., N. C, 184 w. 
by N. Raleigh, 338 W. 

Haynes, p o., Grainger Co., Tenn., 220 e. 
Nashville, 485 W. 

Hayne8ville, p-o., Aroostook co.. Me., 159 n. 
E. Augusta, 754 W. 

Haynesville, p-v., Ohio co., Ky., 141 s. w. 
Frankfort, 633 W. 

Haynesville, p-v., York dist., S. C, 86 n. 
Columbia, 437 W. 

Haynesville, p-v., Houston co.,Ga., 69 s. w. 
3Iilledgeville, 723 W. 

Haynesville, p-v., capital of Lowndes co., 
Ala., 116 s. E. Tuscaloosa, 859 W. Situated on 
the N. side of Big Swamp cr., and contains a court 
house, and several dwellings. 

Haystack, p-o., Surry co., N. C, 160 w.by n. 
Raleigh, 341 W. 

Haywood, county, N. C. Situated in the s. 
w. part of the state, and contains 1,890 sq. ms. 
Tlie Blue Ridge lies on the s. side. Tlie Smoky 
mountains are on its n. w. border. Drained by 
the head branches of Tennessee r., the chief of 
which are Cowee and Tuckaseegee crs. The sur- 
face is elevated, being in its lower parts 1,500 ft. 
above the level of the ocean. Capital, Waynes- 
ville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 13,478, 
sheep 5,293, swine 9,135 ; wheat 19,559 bushels 
produced, rye 7,73.5, Ind. corn 183,554, buckwheat 
2,044, oats 36,263, potatoes 15,916, tobacco 10,6:28 
pounds ; 7 stores, cap. $52,000 ; 5 tanneries, 17 
distilleries, 3 flouring m., 9 grist m., 15 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $11,308. 1 sch. 64 scholars. 
Pop. whites 4,650, slaves 304, free col'd 21 ; total, 
4,975. 

Haywood, county, Tenn. Situated in the s. 
vv. part of the state, and contains 600 sq. miles. 
Watered on the s. by the Ilatchy river and its 
branches ; and in the n. by the s. fork of Forked 
Deer r. and branches. Capital, Brownsville. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 15,318, sheep 
5,182, swine 53,850; wheat 34,100 bush, produc- 
ed, rye 4,7tX), Ind. com 710,500, oats 80,600, po- 
tatoes 75,000, rice 4,500 pounds, tobacco 193,500, 
cotton 3.175,000; 21 stores, cap. $177,000; 5 tan- 
neries, 6 distilleries, 2 flouring m., 9 grist m., 6 
saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. 
Cap. in manufac. $43,200. 4 acad. 132 students, 
23 sch. 493 scholars. Pop. whites 7,375, slaves 
6,257, free col'd 33; total, 13,870. 

Haywood, p-v., Chatham co., N. C, 31 w. Ra- 
leigh, 319 W. Situated at the confluence of Haw 
and Deep rivers to form Cape Fear r. 



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Hazard Forge, p-o., Hardy co., Va., 188 n. 
w. Richmond, 150 W. 

Hazle Green, p-v., Madison co., Ala., 171 n. 
N. E. Tuscaloosa, 722 W. 

Hazle Green, p-o., Morgan co., Ky., 100 e. 
by s. Frankfort, 511 W. 

Hazle Green, p-o., Grant co., Wis., 83 w. 
Madison, 891 W. 

Hazleton, p-v., Hazle t., Luzerne co.. Pa., 
106 N. E. Harrisburg, 214 W. 

Hazle, t., Luzerne co.. Pa. It has 4 stores, 
cap. $15,000; 1 furnace, 5 saw m. Cap. inman- 
ufac. $4,200. 3 sch. 125 scholars. Pop. 893. 

Hazlewood, p-o., Chester dist., S. C, 49 n. 
Columbia, 456 W. 

Head of Harbor, v., Smithtown t, Suffolk 
CO., N. Y., 50 E. New York city. Pleasantly sit- 
uated around the head of Stony Brook harbor. 
It has about 25 dwellings. 

Head of Paint, p-o., Morgan co., Ky., 125 
w. Frankfort, 469 W. 

Head of Sassafras, p-o., Kent co., Md., 70 
n. e. Annapolis, 110 W. 

Headley's Mills, p-o.. Fountain co., la., 85 
w. N. w. Indianapolis, 656 W. 

Healing Springs, p-o., Davidson co., N. C, 
136 w. Raleigh, 373 W. 

Heard, county, Ga. Situated on the w. line 
of the state. It contains about 175 sq. ms. The 
Chattahoochee r. enters its n. e. corner and pass- 
es through it. The surface is level ; soil, mode- 
rately fertile. Capital, Franklin. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 5,329, sheep 1,636, swine 
12,019; wheat 19,741 bush, produced, Ind. corn 
165,597, oats 8,806, potatoes 5,144, cotton 1,846,593 
pounds ; 14 stores, cap. $33,000 ; 2 tanneries, 2 
distilleries, 1 flouring m., 11 grist m., 6 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $24,110. 2 acad. 78 students, 
5 sch. 161 scholars. Pop. whites 3,749, slaves 
1,577, free col'd 3 ; total, 5,329. 

Heards Ridge, p-o., Penobscot co.. Me., 120 
N. E. Augusta, 713 W. 

Heart Prairie, p-o., Walworth co.. Wis. 

Heath, p-t., Franklin co., Mass., 109 w. n. w. 
Boston, 457 W. The surface is mountainous ; 
soil, adapted to grazing. Incorporated in 1785. 
It has 1 store, cap. $2,000 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanne- 
ries, 1 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufactures, 
$3,600. 9 sch. 266 scholars. Pop. 895. 

Heath, t., Harrison co., la. It has 4 distille- 
ries, 4 grist m. Pop. 1,354. 

Heathsville, p-v., capital of Northumberland 
CO., Va., 98 E. by n. Richmond, 157 W. Beau- 
tifully situated near the head of Coan r. It con- 
tains a court house, jail, Methodist church, an 
academy, 1 flouring m., 1 tannery, and about 60 
dwellings. 

Heathsville, p-v., Halifax co., N. C, 82 n. 
E. Raleigh, 228 W. 

Heaton's Furnace, p-o., Trumbull co., O., 
169 N. e. Columbus, 303 W. 

Hebardsville, p-v., Alexander t., Athens co., 
O., 6 s. Athens, 78 s. s. e. Columbus, 345 W. 

Hebberdsville, p-v., Hendenson co., Ky., 183 
w. by s. Frankfort, 710 W. 

Hebron, p-t., Oxford co., Me., 45 w.s. w. Au- 
gusta, 586 W. Incorporated in 1792. The soil 
18 fertile. Drained by a branch of Androscoggin 
r. It has 3 saw m., 1 acad. 20 students, 8 sch. 
396 scholars. Pop. 945. 

Hebron, p-t., Grafton co., N. H.,40 x.w. Con- 
cord 512 W Incorporated in 1792. About half 
of Newfound lake occupies its s. part. It has 1 
store, cap. $2,000 ; 1 tannery, 2 saw m., 1 acad. 
40 students, 6 scli. 192 scholars. Pop 508 

Hebron, p-t., Tolland co., Ct., 25 s. e. Hart- 
ford, 343 W. Incorporated in 1707. Hop r., a 



branch of Willimantic r., forms the n. e. bound- 
ary. North pond, in the s. part, aflTords by its 
outlet, water power. The surface is uneven 
and hilly ; .soil, considerably fertile. The t. 
contains 4 churches — 2 Congregational, 1 Episco- 
pal, and 1 Methodist. The principal v. contains 
a handsome Episcopal church, of Gothic archi- 
tecture, a Congregational church, and a number 
of neat houses. There are in the t., 7 stores, 
cap. $13,900 ; 3 cotton fac. 1,400 sp., 2 furnaces, 
2 tanneries, 8 distilleries, 1 paper fac, 6 grist m., 



11 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
344 scholars. Pop. 1,726. 



1,000. 10 sell. 



Hebron, p-t, Washington co., N. Y., 54 n. Al- 
bany, 424 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, sandy 
loam. Drained by Black cr. It has 9 stores, 
cap. $24,050 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 4 tan- 
neries, 3 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$7,838. 18 sch. 813 scholars. Pop. 2,498. 

Hebron, t.. Potter co.. Pa. Pop. 162. 

Hebron, p-t.. Licking co., O., 27 n. e. Colum- 
bus, 366 W. It has 1 sch. 75 scholars. Pop. 473. 

Hebron, p-v., Washington co., Ga., 16 s. e. 
MiUedgeviUe, 664 W. 

Hebron, p-v., McHenry co.. 111., 230 n. n. e. 
Springfield, 765 W. 

Hecktown, p-v., Lower Nazareth t., North- 
ampton CO., Pa., 99 e. n. e. Harrisburg, 192 W. 
It contains a Lutheran church, 1 store, and about 
12 or 15 dwellings. 

Hector, p-t., Tompkins co., N. Y., 14 w. Itlv 
aca, 184 w. s. w. Albany, 311 W. The surface 
is elevated and undulating ; soil, fertile, and 
adapted to grass. Seneca lake bounds it on the 
w., and receives some of its streams, while oth- 
ers flow E. into Cayuga lake. It contains 2 stores, 
cap. $17,000 ; 2 fulling m., 4 tanneries, 1 grist in., 
12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $18,475. 39 scIl 
1,932 scholars. Pop. 5,652. 

Hector, p-t.. Potter co.. Pa. It has 1 grist m. 
Pop. 119. 

Hedgesville, p-o., Berkeley co., Va., 176 n 
by w. Richmond, 84 W. 

Heildersburg, p-v., Tyrone t., Adams co. 
Pa., 25 s. E. Harrisburg, 85 W. 

Heidelberg, t., Berks co.. Pa. The surface 
is level or hilly ; soil, calcareous loam and gravel, 
and very fertile, adapted to grain and to grass. 
Watered by Tulpehocken, Spring, and Cacoosing 
creeks. It has a Moravian churcli, and one com- 
mon to Lutherans and Presbyterians. It con- 
tains 5 stores, cap. $17,000 ; 1 furnace, 2 fullhig 
m., 2 woollen fac, 3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 pa- 
per fac, 4 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$11,625. Pop. 3,539. 

Heidelberg, t., Lebanon co.. Pa. The sur- 
face is level ; soil, calcareous. Drained on the 
N. E. by Mill cr., a tributary of Tulpehocken cr., 
on the s. w. by Hammer cr., a branch of Cones- 
toga r., both of which afford water power. The 
v. is 8 ms. s. E. of Lebanon. It has 6 stores, cap. 
$32,500 ; 1 fulling m., 4 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 
5 gri.st m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $14,141. 
4 sch. 120 scholars. Pop. 2,827. 

Heidelberg, t., Lehigh co.. Pa. The surface 
is uneven, the Blue Ridge crossing the n. part. 
The soil is a white gravel. The Lehigh Water 
Gap, where the r. passes the mountain, is in its 
N. E. point. Drained by Lehigh r., which runs 
on its E. boundary, and by Trout and .lordan's 
creeks. It contains 1 Lutheran church, 4 stores, 
cap. $9,500 ; 1 furnace, 1 fulling m., 2 woollen 
fac, 2 tanneries, 29 distilleries, 1 gun and rifle 
fac, 9 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufactures. 
.$4,300. 5 sch. 140 scholars. Pop. 2,354. 

Heidelberg, t., York co.. Pa., 15 s. w. York. 
The surface is level ; soil, a fertile calcareous 



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loam. Watered by Codorus and Hammer creeks. 
It contams 2 stores, cap. $3,600 ; 1 woollen fac, 
4 tanneries, 16 distilleries, 9 grist m., 7 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $46,720. 6 sch. 157 scholars. 
Pop. 1,52S. 

Helderbergs, hills or mountains, N. Y., ex- 
tend through the w. part of Albany co. into 
Scholiarie co., and unite with the Catskill range. 
They are 400 or 500 feet high, precipitous, and 
consist of limestone, on a basis of graywacke. 
The rocks contain fossil remauis and curious 
caverns. 

Helen.\, p-v., Brasher t., St. Lawrence co., 
N. Y., 236 N. by w. Albany, 535 W. Situated 
on St. Regis r., and contains 1 store, 1 grist m., 1 
saw m., 20 dwellings, and about 100 inhabitants. 

Helena, p-v.. Mason co., Ky., 87 n. e. Frank- 
fort, 475 W. 

Helena, p-v., capital. Philips co., Ark., 122 e. 
Little Rock, 1,011 W. Situated on the w. bank 
of Mississippi r. It contains a court house, jail, 
a U. S. land office, 10 stores, cap. $77,000 ; 1 tan- 
nery, 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers, 
and about 51X) inhabitants. 

Helena, p-v., Iowa co., Wis., 59 n. w. Madi- 
son, 906 W. 

Hellam, p-t, York co., Pa., 29 s. Harrisburg, 
95 W. The surface is level ; soil underlaid with 
limestone, and fertile. Codorus cr. forms its n. 
w. boundary. Grist cr. flows through it into the 
Susquehanna r., which runs on its n. e. bound- 
ary. A bridge here crosses the Susquehanna, 
5,690 feet in length. It has 8 stores, cap. $36,850 ; 
2 lumber yards, cap. $15,500 ; 1 furnace, 1 forge, 
2 tanneries, 6 distilleries, 5 grist m., 4 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $30,160. 9 sch. 225 scholars. 
Pop. 1,421. 

Hellen, p-v., Clearfield co., Pa., 176 n. w. 
Harrisburg, 268 W. 

Hkllerstow.n, p-v., Northampton co., Pa., 97 
E. N. E. Harrisburg, 18S W. It contains 2 stores, 
1 grist m., and 15 or 20 dwellings. 

Hell Gate, or Helle Gatt, N. Y., a danger- 
ous pass in the strait called East river, between 
Great Barn Island and Long Island, 7 ms. n. e. 
ofiNewYork. It is formed by projecting rocks, 
which confine the water to a narrow and crooked 
channel, occasioning strong eddy currents, dan- 
gerous to vessels at certain times of the tide. 
The largest vessels pass it readily at high water. 
Steamboats pass it at all times, and also small 
vessels, with a fair wind. 

Helvitia, p-o., Madison co.. 111., 104 s. Spring- 
field, 788 W. 

Helt, t., Vermilion co., la. It has 1 distillery. 
Cap. in manufac. $500. 1 sch. 26 scholars. Pop. 
2,1 -.'5. 

Hemlock, t., Columbia co.. Pa. The surface 
IS diversified ; soil, loam and clay. Drained by 
Mahoning, Great and Little Fishing, and Hem- 
lock creeks. The state canal follows the Sus- 
quehanna r. along its s. boundary. It has 2 
stores, cap. $5,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 flouring m., 2 
grist m. Cap. in manufac. $2,970. 4 sch. 140 
scholars. Pop. 957. 

Hemlock Lake, p-o., Livonia t., Livingston 
CO., N. Y. 

Hemlock, lake, N. Y., lies on the e. border 
of Livingston co., extending into Ontario co., 6 
ms. long, and 1 wide. Its waters flow into the 
outlet of Honeoye lake. 

Hemlock Mills, p-o., Alleghany co.. Pa. 

Hemffield, p-v., East Hempfield t., Lancas- 
ter CO., Pa., 40 s. E. Harrisburg, 114 W. 

Hempfield, t.,Westmoreland co., Pa. The sur- 
face is hilly ; soil, loam and gravel. Drained by j 
Bush and Big and Little Sewickly crs. It has 2 
35 



stores, cap. $2,800 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 7 dis- 
tilleries, 3 flouring m., 2 grist m., 1 saw ra. Cap. 
in manufac. $4,200. 1 acad. 40 students, 12 sen. 
312 scholars. Pop. 4,772. 

Hemphill's Store, p-o., Mecklenburg co., 
N. C, 170 w. by s. Raleigh, 409 W. 

Hempstead, county. Ark. Situated in the s. 
w. part of the state, and contains 1,150 sq. miles. 
Red r. runs on its s. w. border, and Little Mis- 
souri on its N. E. border. The soil is generally 
thin and sterile. Capital, Washington. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 8,736, sheep 2,020, 
swine 21,529; wheat 1,777 bush, produced, Ind. 
corn 321,285, oats 15,209, potatoes 18,072, cotton 
185,261 pounds ; 14 stores, cap. $147,700 ; 2 tan- 
neries, 1 distillery, 8 grist m., 7 saw m., 1 print- 
ing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $9,600. 4 acad. 148 students, 4 sch. 118 
scholars. Pop. whites 2,923, .slaves 1,936, free 
col'd 62 ; total, 4,921. 

Hempstead, p-t.. Queens co., N. Y., 170 s. by 
E. Albany, 21 JNew York, 250 W. The surface 
is level ; soil, sand and sandy loam, productive 
when well cultivated. Between Hempstead and 
North Hempstead are Hempstead Plains, an im- 
mense heath of 15,000 acres, lying in a state of 
nature, and constituting a common pasturage for 
the t., on which several thousand cattle and 
sheep are fed annually. It might be made fer- 
tile bj"^ cultivation. The v. is pleasantly situated 
on the s. margin of these plains, and contains 3 
chiirche.s — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, and 1 
Methodist — a seminary for males and females, an 
in.surance company, 16 stores of various kinds, 1 
tannery, 1 printing office, 2li0 dwellings, and 
about 1,400 inhabitants. Several islands belong 
to the t., and Rockaway beach, on the Atlantic, 
a place of great resort, where is a splendid hotel 
for visiters. There are in the t. 20 stores, cap. 
$88,250 ; 2 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 2 paper fac, 1 
printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 17 grist m., 
11 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $62,750. 1 acad. 
119 students, 24 sch. 1,279 scholars. Pop. 7,609. 

Hempstead Bay, Hempstead t., Queens co., 
N. ¥., is included between Long Beach and 
Long Island, and is 6 ms. long, and from 1 to 2 
broad, abounding with shell and scale fish, and 
water fowl. 

Hempstead Harbor, p-v., North Hempstead 
t.. Queens co., N. Y., 170 s. by e. Albany, 250 
W. Situated at the head of Hempstead harbor, on 
the n. shore of Long Island. It contains 1 Meth- 
odist church, 3 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw rn., 1 pa- 
per m., 1 carding and fulling m., 1 glass cutting 
fac, 45 dwellings, and about 300 inhabitants. 
Sloops continually ply between this place and 
New York. 

Henderson, county, N. C. Situated in the 
w. part of the state. The surface is mountain- 
ous ; soil well adapted for farming, and particu- 
larly for grazing. Drained by French Broad r. 
and branches. Capital, Ilendersonville. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 3,278, sheep 3,037, 
swine 5,438 ; wheat 1,2G8 bushels produced, rye 
5,293, Ind. corn 59,340, oats 9,677, potatoes 4,7i2, 
tobacco 1,229 pounds ; 3 stores, cap. $11,000; 2 
forges, 2 tanneries, 14 distilleries, 5 grist m., 3 
saw m. Cap. in manufac §1,800. 1 sch. 21 
scholars. Pop. whites 4,628, slaves 466, free 
col'd 35; total, 5,129. 

Henderson, county, Tenn. Situated in the 
w. part of tlie state, and contains 780 square ms. 
The surface is tolerably level ; soil, well adapted 
to grain and to grass, and the growth of the vine. 
Drained by the head waters of Beech r.. Big 
Sandy r., and of the s. fork of Forked Deer r. 
Capital, Lexington. There were in 1840, neat 



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274 



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cattle 12,400, sheep 10,533, swine 61,399; wheat 
61,502 bush, produced, Indian corn 495,870, oats 
67,917, potatoes 5,602, tobacco 12,00!) pounds, 
cotton 564,576; 14 stores, cap. $41,000; 6 tan- 
neries, 15 distilleries, 4 potteries, 1 flouring m., 15 
grist m., 5 saw m., 2 oil m. Cap. in manufac. 
$23,300. 11 sch. 265 scholars. Pop. whites 
9,911, slaves 1,954, free col'd 10; total, 11,875. 

Henderson, county, Ky. Situated in the n. 
w. part of tlie stale, and contains 725 square ms. 
Ohio r. runs on its N. boundary. Green r. passes 
througli its N. E. part, (]anoe r. tlirough its cen- 
tral part, and Highland creek washes its s. w. 
border. Capital, Henderson. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 9,206, sheep 6,56S, swine 31,3S3 ; 
wheat 37,006 bush, produced, rye 2,146, Indian 
corn 503,670, oats 46,776, potatoes 11,603, tobacco 
2,977,810 pounds; 5 commission houses, capital 
$199,000; 2S stores, cap. $120,900; 2 tanneries, 
3 distilleries, 28 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $29,235. 3 acad. 106 students, 17 sch. 401 
scholars. Pop. whites 6,181, slaves 3,319, free 
col'd 48 ; total, 9,548. 

Henderson, p-t., JefTerson co., N. Y., 181 n. 
w. Albany, 412 W. The surface is level; soil, 
a fertile sandy loam. Drained by Stony and 
Little Stony creeks, thai flow into Lake Ontario, 
which lies on its \v. and n. border. Several 
considerable islands in the lake belong to it. 
The v., called Henderson Harbor, situated at 
the head of Hungry bay, of Lake Ontario, is a 
port of entry, has a good harbor, and contains at 
the landhig 1 store, and about 15 dwellings. The 
V. is three quarters of a mile from the landing, on 
Stony cr., and contains 1 Baptist and 1 Univer- 
salist church, 3 stores, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 25 
dwelling.s, and about 150 inhabitants. There 
are in the t. 1 store, cap. $3,000 ; 2 fulling m., 2 
tanneries, 1 grist ni., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$10,600. 15 sch. 531 scholars. Pop. 2,480. 

Henderson, p-o., Mercer co., Pa., 222 n. w. 
Harrisburg, 279 W. 

Henderson, t., Huntingdon co.. Pa., is bound- 
ed s. w. and w. by Juniata r. It contains 4 
stores, cap. $31,000; 1 furnace, 1 tannery, 2 grist 
m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $18,850. 2 sch. 
70 scholars. Pop. 1,555. 

Henderson, p-v., Houston co., Ga., 68 s. w. 
MiUedgeviUe, 725 W. 

Henderson, p-v., capital of Henderson co., 
Ky., 197 Frankfort, 724 W. Pleasantly situated 
on the s. bank of Ohio r., 44 miles above the 
mouth of tlie Wabash. It contains a court house, 
and several stores and dwellings. . 

Henderson, p-v., Granville co., N. C, 44 n. 
Raleigh, 244 W. 
Henderson, p-v., Knox co.. 111., 110 n. n. w. 

Springfield, 829 W. Situated on Henderson r. 

Around it is a fine body of timber, surrounded by 
dry and fertile prairies. Pop. 271. 

Henderson's Mills, p-o., Greene co., Tenn., 

264 E. Nashville, 431 W. 

Hendersonville, Nottaway co., Va. (See 

Nottaway C. H.) 
Hendersonville, p-v., capiuil of Henderson 

CO., N. C. Situated on French Broad river, and 

contains a court house, and several stores and 

dwellings. 

Hendersonville, p-v., Sumner co,, Tenn., 16 

N. E. Nashville, 677 W. Situated 1 mile n. of 

Cumberland r. It has 10 inhabitants. 

Hendersonville, p-v., Henry co., Ky,, 33 n. 

w. Frankfort, 575 W. 

Hendricks, county, la. Situated a little vv. 

of Uie centre of the state, and contains 330 sq. 

ms. The surface is rolling; soil, productive. 

Drained by Wliite Lick cr., Eel r., and Mud cr., 



which afford water power. Capital, Danville. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 11,272, sheep 
15,030, swine 32,123; wheat 61,.370 bushels pro- 
duced, Indian corn 540,000, oats 113,654, potatoes 
23,448, tobacco 20,700 pounds, sugar 124,765 ; 1 1 
tanneries, 7 distilleries, 18 grist m., 22 saw m., 2 
oil m. Cap. in manufac. $02,100. 55 sch. 1,450 
scholars. Pop. 1840, 11,264. 

Hendricks, t., Shelby co., la. It has 1 tan- 
nery, 2 distilleries, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $850. 1 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 879. 

Hendrick's Store, p-o., Bedford co., Va., 
15 B w. Richmond, 233 W. 

Hendrysburg, p-v., Kirkwood t., Belmont co., 
O., 99 e. Columbus, 294 W. Situated on the 
national road, 15 w. St. Clairsville. 

Hennepin, p-v., capital of Putnam co.. 111., US 
n. Springfield, 803 W. Situated in the great 
bend, on the e. bank of Illinois r., on the border 
of De Pru prairie. It has an elevated situation, 
the ground gently ascending from the r. It con- 
tains a court house, jail, 2 churches — 1 Presbyte- 
rian and 1 Methodist — 14 stores, and about 500 
inhabitants. Steamboats ascend to this place at 
a moderate stage of water. 

Henlopen, cape, Del., is the s. w. point at the 
entrance of Delaware bay, 18 ms. s. w. from Cape 
May, the opposite point, in 36° 47' N. lat. and 
75° 6' w. long. Here is a light house. 

Henniker, p-t., Merrimac co., N. H., 15 w. 
by s. Concord, 467 W. Incorporated in 1763. 
Watered by Contoocook r., which affords good 
water power. The surface is hilly ; soil, fertile 
Long pond in the n. part of the t. discharges its 
waters into Contoocook r., where is a v. contain- 
ing 2 churches. It has 4 stores, cap. $11,000 ; 2 
fulling m,, 3 tanneries, 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $12,400. 1 acad. 50 students, 12 
sch. 663 scholars. Pop. 1,715. 

Henrico, county, Va. Situated centrally in 
the E. part of the state, and contains 291 sq. ms. 
The surface is undulating, and the soil diversi- 
fied. Chickahominy r. runs on its n. e. bound- 
ary. Capital, Richmond. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 5,098, sheep 2,454, swine 11,975; 
wheat 39,095 bush, produced, rye 3,079, Ind. 
corn 247,671, oats 137,543, potatoes 12,189, to- 
bacco 33,300 pounds, cotton 1,234, bituminous 
coal 1,012,200 bush. ; 17 commercial and 29 com- 
mission houses, cap. $3,632,000 ; 269 stores, cap. 
$1,658,150 ; 3 lumber yards, cap, $24,000; 4 fur- 
naces, 8 forges, 1 cotton fac. 5,810 sp., 6 distille- 
ries, 4 potteries, 21 flouring m., 19 grist m., 15 
saw m., 1 paper fac, 8 printing offices, 2 daily, 
6 weekly, 2 semi-weekly newspapers, 1 periodi- 
cal. Cap. in manufac. $1,3S4,750. 1 college, 
63 students, 17 acad. 934 students, 37 sch. 928 
scholars. Pop. whites 16,900, slaves 13,237, free 
col'd 2,939 ; total, 33,076. 

Henrietta, p-t., Monroe co., N. Y., 223 w. by 
N. Albany, 368 W. The surface is rolling ; soil, 
very fertile. Watered by Genesee r. The v. 
contains 2 churches — 1 Presbyterian and 1 Bap- 
tist — a high school, 1 store, 30 dwellings, and 
about 200 inhabitants. There are in t. 2 stores, 
cap. $30,000. Cap. in manufac. $4,500. 1 acad. 
116 students, 17 sch. 677 scholars. Pop. 2,085. 

Henrietta, p-t., Lorain co., O., 118 n. n. e. 
Columbus, 3-i5 W. Situated on the great mail 
road, 11 w. Elyria, 35 w. Cleaveland. It has 3 
sch. 134 scholars. Pop. 743. 

Henrietta, p-t., .Jackson co., Mich. It has 
2 sch. 53 scholars. Pop. 277. 
I Henry, cape, Va. Situated on s. side of the 
entrance into Chesapeake bay, 12 ms. s. Cape 
Charies. in 36° 53' n. lat. and 76° 21' w. Ion. 

Henry, county, Va. Situated in the s. to- 



HEN 



275 



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ward the w. part of the state, and contains 'SbS 
sq. ms. Watered by Smith's and Mary's rivers, 
branches of Dan r. Capital, Martinsville. There 
were in 1S40, neat cattle 6,1'24, sheep 4,633, 
swine 15,712 ; wheat 39,696 bush, produced, Ind. 
corn 206,155, oats 73,916, potatoes ll,8iJ4, tobac- 
co 1,623,509 pounds, cotton 2,654 ; 7 stores, cap. 
$33,200 ; 2 tanneries, 2 flouring m., 26 grist m., 
18 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $13,729. 2 acad. 
54 students, 15 sch. 412 scholars. Pop. whites 
4,243, slaves 2,852, free col'd 240; total, 7,335. 

Henry, county, Ga. Situated a little n. w. of 
the centre of the state, and contains 591 sq. ms. 
Ocmulgee r. runs on its n. e. boundary, by 
branches of which, and of Flint r., it is watered. 
Capital, McDonough. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 8,671, sheep 2,764, swine 19,557 ; wheat 
55,993 bush, produced, Ind. corn 301,350, oats 
44,393, potatoes 4,883, cotton 567,300 pounds ; 21 
stores, cap. $60,300; 1 cotton fac. 384 sp., 2 tan- 
neries, 16 distilleries, 11 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. .$11,750. 1 acad. 39 students, 31 
sch. 634 scholars. Pop. whites 8,424, slaves 
3,316, free col'd 16 ; total, 11,756. 

Hexrv, county, Ala. Situated in the s. e. 
part of the state, and contains 975 sq. ms. Chat- 
tahoochee r. runs on its e. border. Drained by 
branches of Choctawhatchee r. The soil is ster- 
ile, and covered with pine. Capital, Abbeville. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 9,419, sheep 
1,201, swine 15,143 ; wheat 1,715 bush, producecl. 
Ind. corn 99,739, oats 2,974, potatoes 5,534, cot- 
ton 634,311 pounds ; 1 cotton fac. 72 sp., 1 tan- 
nery, 1 distillery, 24 grist m., 72 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $3,100. 1 acad. 122 students, 11 sch. 
329 scholars. Pop. whites 4,701, slaves 1,034, 
free col'd 2 ; total, 5,787. 

He.vry, county, Tenn. Situated in the n. w. 
part of the state, and contains 600 sq. ms. Ten- 
nessee r. runs on its e. border. Drained by Big 
and Little Sandy rivers, which flow e. into the 
Tennessee r., and by the North and Middle forks 
of Obion r., which flows w. into the i^Iississippi. 
Capital, Paris. There were in 1340, neat cattle 
15,551, sheep 12,146, swine 49,302; wheat | 
107,992 bush, produced, rye 3,240, Ind. corn 
116,440, oats 119,114, potatoes 21,509, tobacco 
9,479,065 pounds, cotton 172,527 ; 5 stores, cap. 
$3,700; 5 tanneries, 13 distilleries, 2 grist m., 8 
saw m., 1 printing oflice, 1 weekly newspaper. 
Cap. in manufac. $123,040. 3 acad. 77 students, 
22 sch. 531 scholars. Pop. whites 11,214, slaves 
3,677, free col'd 15 : total, 14,906. 

Henry, county, Ky. Situated in the n. part of 
the state, and contains 260 sq. ms. Kentucky r. 
runs on its e. boundary, by branches of which, and 
by Little Kentucky r., its surface is drained. Cap- 
ital, New Castle. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
9,761, sheep 15,999, swine 35,109; wheat 96,339 
bush, produced, rye, 15,250, Ind. corn 590,962, 
oats 81,041, potatoes 11,783, tobacco 1,596,305 
pounds, sugar 14,642; 18 stores, cap. $116,694; 
6 tanneries, 12 grist ni., 10 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $23,951. 1 acad., 18 sch. 725 scholars. Pop. 
whites 7,637, slaves 2,349, free col'd 29 ; total, 
10,015. 

Henry, county, O. Situated in the n. w. 
part of the state, and contains 576 sq. ms. Mau- 
mee r. runs through the co., by which and its 
tributaries, it is drained. The Wabash and Erie 
canal passes along the n. side of this r., through 
the CO. The surface is level, and the soil fertile. 
Capital, Napoleon. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 1,897-, sheep 478, swine 2,941 ; wheat 
4,333 bush, produced, Ind. com 36,060, oats 
12,514, potatoes 25,889, sugar 19,458 pounds ,- 9 
Btores, cap. $12,600 ; 3 grist m., 5 saw ni. Cap. 



in manufac. $14,800. 13 sch. 326 scholars. Pop. 
2,503. 

He.vry, county, la. Situated toward the E. 
part of the state, and contains 380 sq. ms. The 
surface is generally level, in some parts a little 
broken, mostly woodland, with some prairies. 
Watered by Flat Rock and Blue rivers, and Fall 
cr. The country is well supplied with pure wa- 
ter, and some mill sites. Capital, New Castle. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 11,272, sheep 
15,03:1, swine 32,123; wheat 61,370 bush, pro- 
duced, Ind. corn 540,001), oats 113,654, potatoes 
23,448, tobacco 20,700 pounds, sugar 124,765 ; 17 
stores, cap. $30,250 ; 1 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 1 
distillery, 9 grist m., 14 saw m., 3 oil m. Cap. in 
manufac. $62,600. 25 sch. 661 scholars. Pop. 
15,123. 

Henry, county. 111. Situated toward the n. 
w. part of the state, and contains 840 sq. ms. 
Watered by Edwards, Rock, and Green rivers. 
The soil is in some parts fertile, in the n. wet 
and swampy. Capital, Morristoii. There were 
in 1810, neat cattle 1,729, sheep 3G3, swine 5,537 ; 
wheat 15,432 bush, produced, Ind. corn 52,410, 
oats 1 1,.335, potatoes 10,802 ; 3 stores, cap. $4,000 ; 
1 flouring m., 2 saw m., 4 oil m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $14,900. 2 sch. 71 scholars. Pop. 1,260. 

Henry, county, Iowa. Situated centrally, to- 
ward the s. part of the ter., and contains 432 sq. 
ms. The soil is very fertile. Watered by Che- 
cauque or Skimk r. and its tributaries, and Big, 
Brush, and Little Cedar creeks. The surface is 
elevated and rolling ; the soil, a rich black mold. 
Capital, Mount Pleasant. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 2,634, sheep 2,538, swine 12,714; 
wheat 11,375 bush, produced, Ind. corn 283,200, 
oats 22,500, potatoes 16,224, sugar 5,450 pounds ; 
13 stores, cap. $34,700; 5 grist m., 8 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $16,745. 7 sch. 222 scholars. 
Pop. 3,772. 

Henry, county. Mo. Situated in the w. part 
of the state, and contains 759 sq. ms. Drained 
by Grand r. of Osage r. Capital, Clinton. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 6,9.36, sheep 3,876, 
swine 17,835 ; wheat 5,233 bush, produced, Ind. 
corn 229,691, oats 21,933, potatoes 5,944, toljacco 
10,151 pounds; 15 stores, cap. $46,045; 1 grist 
m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,100. 15 sch. 
299 scholars. Pop. whites 4,036, slaves 636, free 
col'd 4 ; total, 4,726. 

Hepburn, p-t., Lycoming co.. Pa., 9 n. Wil- 
liamsport. The surface is hilly and mountain- 
ous ; soil, slate and gravel. Plunket's, Loyal- 
sock, and Lycoming creeks run on its boundaries. 
It has 1 store, cap. $2,000 ; 2 woollen fac, 1 tan- 
nery, 2 grist m., 11 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in 
manufac. $24,050. 8 sch. 240 scholars. Pop. 
1,570. 

Henry Clay, t., Fayette co., Pa. The sur- 
face is mountainous ; soil, gravelly. Drained by 
Youghiogeny r. and its branches. It has 2 tan- 
neries, 2 distilleries, 1 flouring m., 2 grist m., 7 
saw m., 5 sch. 113 scholars. Pop. 891. 

Henry's Cross Roads, p-o., Sevier co., Tenn., 
210 E. by s. Nashville, 5J8 W. 

Herbert, p-o., Neshoba co., Miss., 86 Jackson, 
931 W. 

Herculaneuji, p-v., Jefferson co.. Mo., 160 
Jefferson city, 840 W. Situated on the w. side 
of Mississippi r., 30 ms. below St. Louis. It has 
a good landing, and it is the great mart of the 
lead region, in the surrounding country. There 
are several shot factories in the vicinity. It con- 
tains about 200 inhabitants. 

Hereford, p-t., Berks co.. Pa., 80 e. Harris- 
burg, 173 W. Watered by the main and w. 
branches of Perkiomen cr. Shoub's mountain ia 



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276 



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on the N. E. boundary. It contains 4 churches — 
1 Presbyterian, 1 Lutheran, 1 Schwenkfelders, 
and 1 Roman Catholic. It has 6 stores, cap. 
$18,750 ; 3 forges, 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 
tanneries, 5 grist m^ 6 saw m., 2 oil m. Cap. in 
manufac. $6,000. Pop. 1,235. 

Hereford, p-v., Baltimore co., Md., 52 An- 
napolis, 62 W. 

Hereford's, p-o.. Mason co., Va., 3S6 w. n. 
w. Richmond, 376 W. 

Herkimer, county, N. Y. Situated centrally 
toward the N. e. part of the state, and contains 
1,370 sq. ms. Organized in 1791, but since en- 
larged. The Adirondack mountains pass through 
its s. w. part, being broken through by the Mo- 
hawk, at Little Falls. The surface is diversified, 
being generally broken, hilly or mountainous, e.\- 
cepting s. of the Moliawk, where it is level and 
very fertile. Iron ore is extensively found, and 
some gypsum and lead. Beautiful rock crystals 
are abundant in the neighborhood of Little Falls. 
In the N. part are numerous lakes and ponds. 
The Erie canal, and the Lftica and Schenectady 
railroad, pass through the co. Capital, Herkimer. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 55,437, sheep 
80,182, swine 33,957; wheat 84,723 bush, pro- 
duced, rye 15,935, Ind. corn 160,923, buckwheat 
29,035, barley 126,900, oats 530,73-!, potatoes 
850,865, sugar 311,133 pounds; 142 stores, cap. 
$427,790; 25 lumber yards, cap. $12,500; 7 fur- 
naces, 7 forges, 24 fulling m., 9 woollen fac, 5 
cotton fac. 5,064 sp., 33 tanneries, 6 distilleries, 
1 brewery, 3 flourmg m., 35 grist m., 133 saw m., 
1 oil m., 4 paper fac, 4 printing offices, 1 bindery, 
1 periodical, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in 
manufac. $921,633. 1 college, 105 students, 2 
acad. 280 students, 191 sch. 8,522 scholars. Pop. 
37,477. 

Herkimer, p-t., capital of Herkimer co., N. Y., 
78 vv. N. w. Albany, 3J7 W. The surface is 
level, with hills on the n. The soil, on the allu- 
vial flats of the Mohawk, which flows on its s. 
border, is very productive. Watered by West 
Canada cr. The v. is pleasantly situated on the 
N. side of the Mohawk r. It contains a brick 
court house, a stone jail, and Are proof clerk's of- 
fice, 1 academy, 1 bank, 1 German Reformed 
and 1 Methodist church, 10 stores, 1 large flour- 
ing m., 1 printing office, 120 dwellings, and about 
800 inhabitants. There are in the t. 10 stores, 
cap. $33,000 ; 1 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 1 printing 
office, 1 weekly newspaper, 1 flouring m., 1 grist 
m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac $41,950. 1 
acad. 65 students, 12 sch. 442 scholars. Pop. 2,369. 
Her.ma.n', p-v., capital of Gasconade co.. Mo., 
77 E. Jefferson city, 899 W. Situated on the 
s. bank of the Missouri r. It is a new place, 
oommenced within the year 1841, and bids fair 
to become a commercial point of importance. 

Hermitage, p-o., Wethersfield t., Wyoming 
CO., N. Y., 255 vv. Albany, 360 W. 

Hermitage, p-o., Mercer co., Pa., 243 Har 
risburg, 286 W. 

Hermitage, p-o., Augusta co., Va. 
Hermitage, p-o.. Coles co„ III., 77 Springfield, 
702 W. 

Hermitage, p-o., Floyd co., Ga., 167 Milledge- 
ville, 678 W. 

Hermon, p-t., Penobscot co., Me., 7 w. Ban- 
gor, 60 N. E. Augusta, 655 W. Tiie soil is fer- 
tile, producing good wheat. Watered on the 
s. w. by Sawodabscook r., and on the n. w. by 
a branch of Kenduskeag r. Incorporated in 1814. 
It has 1 pottery, 507 scholars in schools. Poo. 
1,042. ^ 

Hermon, p-t., St. Lawrence co., N. Y., 201 n. 
N. w. Albany, 470 W. The surface ia rolling i 



soil, clay loam, adapted to grass Watered by 
small branches of Grass and Oswegatchie rivers. 
It has 2 stores, cap. $5,000 ; 2 fulling m., 1 tan- 
nery, 3 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac, 
$7,465. 9 schools, 413 scholars. Population. 
1,271. 

Her.\ando, p-v., capital of De Soto co.. Miss., 
202 Jackson, 925 W. Situated 13 ms. e. of the 
Mississippi r., in a fertile region. It contains a 
court house, several stores, and 400 inhabitants. 

Herrick, p-t., Bradford co., Pa. It has 1 
store, 1 tannery, 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$6,950. 6 sch. 172 scholars. Pop. 631. 

Herrick, t., Susquehanna co.. Pa., 20 s. e. 
Montrose. Elk mountain, a low part of the 
Alleghany, is in its s. w. part. The surface is 
hilly; soil, gravel and clay. Watered by head 
branches of Lackavvannock r. It has 1 grist m., 

4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,630. 6 sch. 130 
scholars. Pop. 629. 

Herriottsville, p-o., Alleghany co., Pa., 
211 Harrisburg, 236 W. 

Hertford, county, N. C. Situated toward 
the N, e. part of the stale, and contains 356 sq. 
ms. Watered by branches of Chowan r. Capi- 
tal, Winton. It has 3 acad. 63 students, 6 sch. 
105 scholars. Pop. 7,484. 

Hertford, p v., capital, Perquiman's co., N. 
C, 50 s. by w. Norfolk, Va., 194 n. e. by e. Ra- 
leigh, 2H6 W. It is pleasantly situated on the s. 
side of Perquimans r., near its entrance into 
Perquimans bay, a branch of Albemarle sound. 
It contains a court house, and several dwelluigs. 

Hetricks, p-o., York co.. Pa., 42 s. w. Har- 
risburg, 73 W. 

Heuvelton, p-v., Oswegatchie t., St. Law- 
rence CO., N. Y., 203 N. w. Albany, 472 W. Situ- 
ated on the Oswegatchie r., 7 ms. from Ogdens- 
burg, and contains 1 church, 4 stores, 1 clothier's 
works, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., and 1 tannery. 

Hiber.via, p-o., Clarke co., Ia., 102 s. Indian- 
apolis, 533 W. 

Hibernia, p-v., Callaway co.. Mo., 1 n. Jef- 
ferson city, 937 W. Situated on the n. side of 
the Missouri r., opposite Jefferson city. 

HicKMA.N, county, Tenn. Situated centrally, 
toward the w. part of the state, and contains 750 
sq. ms. Watered by Duck r., which flows 
through the centre, and its various branches. 
Capital, Centreville. There v^ere in 1840, neat 
cattle 8, !50, sheep 8,015, swine 36,350: wheat 
32,036 bush, produced, rye 3,179, Ind. corn 
471,100, oats 59,530, potatoes 12,742, tobacco 
117,004 pounds, cotton 90,225; 8 stores, cap. 
$15,000 ; 1 furnace, 2 forges, 2 cotton fac. 143 sp., 

5 tanneries, 13 distilleries, 1 pottery, 22 grist m., 
11 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $34,795. 13 sch. 
325 scholars. Pop. whites 7,220, slaves 1,379, 
free col'd 19 ; total, 8,618. 

Hickman, county, Ky. Situated in the s. w. 
part of tlie state, and contains 350 sq. ms. Drain- 
ed by Little Obion r. and its branches, and 
Bayou Desha cr. Capital, Clinton. Tiiere were 
in 1840, neat cattle 11,349, sheep 12,861, swine 
37,767 ; wheat 76,85 S bush, produced, rye 4,028, 
Ind. corn 593,703, oats ]61,0y2, potatoes 15,867, 
tobacco 1,410,438 pounds, cotton 57,624, sugar 
11,929; 3 com. house.s, cap. $13,800; 18 stores, 
cap. $105,600; 1 fulling m., 6 woollen fac, 19 cot- 
ton fac. 431 sp., 25 tanneries, 18 distilleries, 2 pot- 
teries, 9 flouring m., 41 grist m., 16 saw m., 1 oil m., 
1 paper fac, 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. 
Cap. in manufac $116,970. 11 sch. 248 scholars. 
Pop. whites 7,345, slaves 1,615, free col'd 8; 
total, 8,963. 

Hickory, t., Mercer co.. Pa. It has 6 stores, 
cap. $12,000 ; 2 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 1 distille- 



HIC 



277 



HIG 



ry, 8 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$4,000. 12 sch. 476 scholars. Pop. 1,831. 

Hickory, p-v., Washington co., Pa., 219 w. 
Harrisburg, 246 W. 

Hickory, p-v., Carroll cc, O., 121 e. n. e. 
Columbus, 292 W. 

Hickory CoR-f^ERS, p-o., Lockport t., Niagara 
CO., N. Y., 230 w. Albany, 403 W. 

Hickory Creek, p-o., Warren co., Tenn., 85 
S. E. Nashville, 637 W. 

Hickory Creek, p-o., Audrain co., Mo., 67 n. 
K. Jefferson city, 902 W. 

Hickory Flat, p-o., Cherokee co., Ga., 117 
N. w. Milledgeville, 662 W. 

Hickory Flat, p-o., Simpson co., Ky., 165 s. 
w. Frankfort, 688 W. 

Hickory Flat, p-o., Tippah co., Miss., 191 n. 
N. E. Jackson, 880 W. 

Hickory Fork, p-o., Gloucester co., Va., 78 
E. Richmond, 177 W. 

Hickory Ground, p-o., Norfolk co., Va., 124 
s. E. Richmond, 249 W. 

Hickory Grove, p-o., Mecklenburg co., N. 
C, 153 w. s. w. Raleigh, 390 W. 

Hickory Grove, p-o., York dist., S. C, 91 n. 
Columbia, 44 W. 

Hickory Grove, Crawford co., Ga., 65 s. w. 
Milledgeville, 722 W. 

Hickory Grove, p-o., Montgomery co., Ala., 
131 s. E. Tuscaloosa, 862 W. 

Hickory Grove, p-o., Bond co., 111., 83 s. 
Springfield, 767 W. 

Hickory Grove, p-o., Warren co.. Mo., 81 e. 
N. E. Jefferson city, 857 W. Pop. 823. 

Hickory Grove, p-o., Oktibbeha co.. Miss., 
149 N. E. Jackson, 906 W. 

Hickory Grove, p-o., McKinn co., Tenn. 

Hickory Grove, p-o., Jackson co., Mich., 96 
w. Detroit, 566 W. 

Hickory Grove, p-o., Scott co., Iowa. 

Hickory Grove, t., Washington co., Mo. 

Hickory Hill, p-o., Beaufort (list., S. C. 

Hickory Hill, p-o., Cole co., Mo., 20 w. Jef- 
ferson city, 956 W. 

Hickory Level, p-o., Talladega co., Ala., 
133 E. Tuscaloosa, 761 W. 

Hickory Level, p-o., Carroll co., Ga., 130 w. 
N. w. Milledgeville, 710 W. 

Hickory Mountain, p-o., Chatham co., N. 
C, 56 w. Raleigh, 318 W. 

Hickory Tavern, p-o., Hartford co., Md., 58 
N. Annapolis, 68 W. 

Hickory Town, p-o., Plymouth t., Montgom- 
ery CO., Pa., 101 e. Harrisburg, 154 W. It con- 
tains ] store, and 10 dwellings. 

Hickory Valley, p-o., Hamilton co., Tenn., 
143 s. E. Nashville, 603 W. 

Hicksburg, p-v., Dorchester co., Md. 

HicKSFORD, p-v., capital of Greenville co., Va., 
62 s. Richmond, 181 W. Situated on the s. w. 
side of Meherrin r., a branch of Chowan r. It 
contains a court house, jail, clerk's office, 3 stores, 
12 or 14 dwellings, and 70 inhabitants. The 
Petersburg railroad passes near the v., and 
crosses the Meherrin r. on a bridge, 100 yards 
long, supported by 200 stone piers. 

Hicks' Mills, p-o., De Kalb co., 111., 221 n. 
N. E. Springfield, 794 W. 

HicKSviLLE, v.. Oyster Bay t.. Queens co., 
N. Y. It is on the line of the Long Island rail 
. road, and contains 1 store, and a few dwellings. 
HicKsviLLE, p-v., Williams co., O., 177 n. w. 
Columbus, 529 W. It has 1 store, cap. $2,000 ; 
1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,100. 
1 sch. 12 scholars. Pop. 67. 

HicKSvii.LE, p-c, Oakland co., Mich., 29 n. 
w. Detroit, 550 W. 



Hico, p o., Carroll co., Tenn., 106 w. Nash- 
ville, 791 W. 

HiGGANUM, p-v.. Haddam t., Middlesex co.. 
Ct., 21 s. Hartford, 331 W. Situated on Connec- 
ticut r., where is a convenient landing, and 
several dwellings. 

Higginsport, p-v., Lewis t., Brown co., O., 
124 s. s. w. Columbus, 4.83 W. Situated on the 
N. bank of Ohio r., immediately below the mouth 
of White Oak cr. 

HiGHsviLLE, p-v., Twiggs CO., Ga., 50 Milledge- 
ville, 698 W. 

High Falls, p-v., Marbletown t., LTlster co., 
N. Y.,69 s. Albany, 318 W. Situated on Ron- 
dout cr., which here affords by its falls a good 
water power. Along the creek passes the Dela- 
ware and Hudson canal. It contains 4 stores, 
2 extensive flouring in., 1 hydraulic cement m., 
and about 40 dwellings. 

High Falls, p-o., Lumpkin co., Ga., 154 n. .\. 
w. Milledgeville, 634 W. 

Highgate, p-t., Franklin co., Vt., 71 n. w. 
3Iontpelier, 545 W. Situated on the E. side 
of Lake Champlain. Watered by Missi-sque r., 
which affords good water povier and Rock r. 
The soil is sandy. Bog iron ore is found. It has 
5 stores, cap. ,$8,000 ; 1 woollen fac, 2 grist m., 
8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $51,000. 16 sch. 
846 scholars. Pop. 2,292. 

High Grove, p-o., Nelson co., Ky., 53 s. w. 
Frankfort, 5.)5 W. 

High Hill, p-o., Montgomery co., Ala. 

Highland, county, O. Situated toward the 
s. E. part of the state, and contains 555 sq. miles. 
It occupies the height of land between Scioto 
nnd Miami rivers. Watered by branches of 
Paint cr.. Brush cr., and of the e. fork of 3Iiami 
r. The surface is elevated, and finely rolling, 
and the soil is fertile. Capital, Hilli^horo'. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 19,605, sheep 
40,613, swine 42,546; wheat 373,974 bushels 
produced, rye 5,008, Ind. corn 824,129, oats 
25:2,525, potatoes 30,109, sugar 147,816 pounds; 
83 stores, cap. $150,000; 7 fulling m., 28 tan- 
neries, 1 distillery, 3 potteries, 7 flouring m., 25 
grist m., 24 saw m., 3 oil m., 2 printing offices, 
2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. .$45,337. 
2 acad. 150 students, 88 sch. 5, 102 scholars. Fop. 
22,269. 

Highland, p-o., Bradford co., Pa., 139 n. Har- 
risburg, 249 W. 

Highland, p-o., Chesterfield t., Essex co., N. 
Y., 151 N. Albany. 

Highland, p-o., Jackson co., Tenn., 69 e. n. e. 
Nashville, 633 W. Situated on the w. side of 
Cumberland r. 

Highland, p-v., Fairfield t., Highland co., O., 
50 s. w. Columbus. Situated on Lee's cr. It 
contains 2 churches, 2 stores, 2 tanneries, and 50 
dwellings. 

Highland, t., Muskingum co., O. It contains 
2 churches, 2 saw m., and 2 flouring m. 

Highland, p-o., Pike co.. 111., 74 w- Spring- 
field, 854 W. 

Highland, p-t., Oakland co., Mich., 45 n. w. De- 
troit, 569 W. It has 3 sch. 100 scholars. Pop. 566. 
Highland, po., Vermilion co., la., 72 w. In- 
dianapolis, 644 W. The t. has 1 distillery. 
Cap. in manufac. $6,075. 4 sch. 120 scholars. 
Pop. 1,653. 

Highland Mills, p-v., Monroe t.. Orange co., 
N. Y., 97 s. s. w. Albany, 231 W. Here are 3 
stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 tannery, and about 
25 dwellings. 

Highlands, N. Y. Sometimes called Mat- 
teawan mountains, or Fishkill mountauis. Tliese 
mountains extend in a direction n. e. and s. w., 



HIL 



278 



HIL 



throush the counties of Rockland and Orange, 
crossing Hudson r. into Westchester, Putnam, 
and Dutchess, occupying a breadth of from 15 lo 
20 miles. They are "a branch of the Alleghany 
mountains, and their rocks consist of granite and 
gneiss. Their altitude is from 1,0W to 1.6S5 feet 
above tide water ; and the passage through them, 
on the Hudson, presents grand and picturesque 
scenerj'. 

High Rock, p-o., Rockingham co,, N. C, 103 
N. \v. Raleigh, 2S2 W. 

High Sho.^ls, p-o., Rutherford cc, N. C, 214 
w. s. w. Raleigh, 451 W. 

High Shoals, p-o., Walton co., Ga., 70 n, w. 
MUledge\ille, 624 W. Situated near a rapid of 
the same name, in the Appalachee r. 

High Spire, p-o., Dauphin co., Pa., 6 Harris- 
biirar, 116W. 

High Tower, p-o., Forsyth co., Ga., 119 x. w. 
Mill edge ville, 650 W. 

Hightowers, p-o., Caswell co,, N, G., 72 x. 
w. Raleigh, 26S W. 

Hightstowx, p-v., East Windsor t., 3Iercer 
CO., N. J., 19 E. Trenton, 185 W. It contains 1 
Presbyterian and 1 Baptist church. 2 stores, 1 
grist m., 1 sawm., and 50 or 60 dwellings. ITie 
Camden and Amboy railroad passes through it. 

High V^icco, p-o., Frederick co., Va., 162 x. 
by w. Richmond, 90 W. 

Hilabke, p-o., Talladega co., Ala., 140 e. Tus- 
caloosa, 781 W. 

Hillham, p-o., Overton co., Tenn., 88 e. Nash- 
ville, 616 W. 

Hildreth's, p-o., Knos co., C, 50 n, e, Co- 
lumbus, 382 W. 

Hill Gore, t., Washington co.. Me, Pop, 30. 

Hill, p-t., Grafton coT, N. H,, 24 x. x. w. 
Concord. Pemigewasset r. runs on its e. border. 
Watered by Smith's r. Ragged mountain lies 
on its s. border. The surface is uneven, and the 
soil generally fertile. Chartered in 1788. The 
V. is on an extended street, in the s. E. part of 
the t., and from it a bridge crosses the Pemige- 
wasset to Sandbomton, It has 3 stores, cap. 
$400 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 5 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $7,700. 10 sch. 300 schol- 
ars. Pop. 999. 

HiLLEG.ts, p-o., Montgomery co.. Pa., 81 e. 
Harrisburg, 174 W. 

Hill Grove, p-o., Darke co,, 0., 100 w, Co- 
lumbus, 494 W. 

Hill House, p-o., Leroy t.. Lake co., O,, 185 
X. e. Columbus, 344 W. 

HiLLiAX's Store, p-o., Marshall co., Ala. 

HiLLiAR, t., Knox CO., O. Situated in the s. 
vv. part of the county, and contains the village of 
Centreburg. It has 8 sch. 250 scholars. Pop. 
1,012. 

HiLLiARDSTOx. p-v,, Nash CO., N. C, 59 x, x. 
e. Raleigh, 239 W. 

Hillsborocgh, countj-, N. H. Situated in 
the s. part of the state, and contains 1.245 sq. 
ms. The surface is uneven, and, to a desree, 
mountainous ; the soil various. Watered by 
Merrimac, Contoocook, Nashua, Souhegan, and 
Piscataquoag rivers. Capital, Amherst. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 38,381. sheep 53,864, 
swne 16.188; wheat 39,027 bushels produced, 
^^?n.-,o~'¥^', ^"'^'''" '=<''" 179,390; buckwheat 
l^L^o?k ^"""^^y '^2'^^~' "'^t^ 160,295, potatoes 
628,315, sugar 41,198 pounds ; 165 stores, cap 
$428,901 ; 3 lumber yards, cap. $18,000 ; 2 ftir- 
naces, 22 fulling m., 12 woollen fac, 25 cotton 



weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. ^755,488. 



7 acad. 761 students, 329 sch. 12,798 scholars 
Pot). 42,494. 

Hillsborough, county, Florida. Situated in 
the w. part of the peninsula. It is bounded w. 
by the Gulf of Mexico, and includes Tampa bay. 
Watered by Hillsboro*. Alalia, and Asternal 
rivers. The soil is various. It has some live 
oak hammock, interspersed with cane, and tall 
palmettoes. Some of the land is very fertile. 
Capital, Tampa. Pop. 452. 

Hillsborough, p-t., Hillsborough co ., N. H., 
24 s. w. by w. Concord, 464 W, Incorporated in 
1772. The surface is uneven, and the soil fer- 
tile. Watered by Contoocook r., which affords 
good water power, and Hillsborough r. The v. 
is pleasantly situated, containing a number of 
stores, dwellings, mills, and manufactories. 
There are in the t. 6 stores, cap. $16,000; 2 ful- 
ling m., 1 woollen fee 2 cotton fac. 2,132 sp., 5 
tanneries, 3 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $51,032. 17 schools, 553 scholars. Pop. 
1,807. 

Hillsborough, t., Somerset co., N. J. The 
surface on the w. is hilly, on the e. level. Soil, 
on the w., clay loam, on the e., red shale. The 
s. branch of Raritan r. runs on its x. boundary, 
and Millstone r. on the e. Watered by Roy's 
brook, a branch of Millstone r. It has a Dutch 
Reformed church. It contains 9 stores, cap. 
$27,600; 1 tannerj-, 2 distilleries, 1 pottery, 1 
flouring ra., 6 grist m., 5 saw m,, 1 oil m. Cap. 
in manufac. $22,100. 10 sch. 256 scholars. Pop. 
2,863. 

Hillsborough, p-v., Bethlehem t., Washing- 
ton CO., Pa., 203 w. Harrisburg, 219 W. It is 
built on a suigle street, on the national road, and 
contains 4 stores, 30 dwellings, and about 180 
inhabitants. It is elevated 1,002 feet above the 
Ohio r., at Wheeluig. 

Hillsborough, p-v., Caroline co., Md., 59 e. 
Annapolis, 99 W. Situated on Tuckahoe creek, 
46 s. e. Baltimore. 

Hillsborough, p-v., Loudon co,, Va,, 166 n, 
Richmond, 47 W. It contains 1 Methodist church, 
an academy, 3 stores, 2 flouring m., 30 dwellings, 
and 175 inhabitants. 

Hillsborough, p-v., capital of Orange co., N. 
C, 40 .\. w. Raleigh, 274 W. It is situated on 
Eno r., a branch of Neuse r. It contains a court 
house and several dwelhngs. 

Hillsborough, p-v., Jasper co., Ga., 28 x. w. 
3Illledgeville, 651 W. It contains an academy, 
4 store.s and 10 or 15 dwellings. 

Hillsborough, p-v., Lawrence county, Ala., 
127 X. Tuscaloosa, 751 W. 

Hillsborough, p-v., capital of Scott co.. Miss., 
: 43 e. Jackson, 968 W. Situated on a small 
I branch of Pearl river. It contains a court 
j house. 

Hillsborough, p-v.. Coffee co.. Term., 76 s. 
I E. Nashville, 646 W. 

Hillsborough, p-v-., Fleming co., Ky., 91 e. 
Frankfort. 498 W. It contains 1 Methodist 
church and 200 inhabitants. 

Hillsborough, p-t., capital of Highland co., 
O., 75 s. w. Columbus, 442 W. Situated near 
the source of Rocky fork of Paint creek. It con- 
tains an elegant court house, 2 churches, 2 acade- 
mies, 8 stores, and about 1,200 inhabitants. 

Hillsborough, p-v.. Fountain co., la., 61 w. 
X. w. Indianapolis, 632 W. 

Hillsborough, p-v.. capital of 3Iontgomery 
CO., m., 64 s. Springfield, 768 W. It contains a 
court house, jail, 6 stores, 2 tanneries, 80 dwell- 
ings, and 400 inhabitants. 

Hillsboro', p-v., capital of Jefferson co.. Mo., 
132 E. Jefferson citj-, 852 W, Situated on the e. 



HIN 



279 



HIN 



side of Big r., and contains a court house and 
several dwellings. 

Hillsborough Bridge, p-v., Hillsboro' co., 
N. H., 21 s. w. by w. Concord, 461 W. . 

HiLLSBORorGH Centre, p-v., Hillsboro' co., : 
N. H., 24 s. w. by w. Concord, 464 W. 

Hill's Bridge, p-o., Halifax co., N. C, 89 x. 
E. Raleigh, 235 W. | 

Hill's Corners, p-o., Penobscot co., Me. 

Hillsdale, county, Mich. Situated in the s. 
part of the state, and contains 576 sq. ms. Drain- 
ed by St. Joseph r. of Lake Michigan, St. Joseph 
of the Maumee r.. Little St. Joseph. Goose, and 
Titfin's creeks, Hog r., Sandy r., and Kalamazoo 
s. branch. Organized in 1S35. The surface is 
undulating. It is some of the most elevated land 
in the peninsula. Soil, a rich, black, sandy loam. 
Iron ore, and sandstone suitable for grindstones, 
are found. Capital. Jonesville. There were in 
1340, neat cattle 6,926, sheep 1,S04, swine 10,630; 1 
wheat S.).256 bush, produced, Ind. com 82,757, : 
buckwheat 1.533. barley 4.S37, oats 71,741, pota-' 
toes 75,233, sugar 52,935 pounds : 12 stores, cap. 
S61,4(>0; 3 grist m., 16 saw m., 1 printing ofKce, 
1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. .s4S.700. 
32 sch. 1,003 scholars. Pop. 7,240. 

HiLLSD.^LE. p-t., Columbia co., N. V., 45 s. Al- 
bany, 357 W. The surface is hiUy and moim- 
tainous, containing Taghkannic mountain ; soil, 
gravelly loam and clay. Drained by Ancram 
and Copake creeks. The v. contains 2 churches, 
3 stores, I tannery, and 15 or 20 dwellings. There 
are in the t., 7 stores, cap. $12,500 ; 2 fulling m., 

1 tannery, 3 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$17,450.' 13 sch. 466 scholars. Pop. 2,470. 

HiLLSD.^LE, p-o., Guilford CO., N. C, 95 w. s. 
w. Raleigh, 290 W. ' 

Hillsdale, p-v., Fayette t., Hillsdale co., 
3Iich., 93 w. s. w. Detroit, 534 W. Situated on 
the outlet of St. Joseph or Baubese lake, near 
the entrance of French or. It has an extensive : 
water f)ower, and contains 1 saw m. and 1 flour- ! 
ing m. I 

Hill's Grove, p-o., Lycoming co., Pa., 100 x. \ 
K. Harrisburg. 211 W. 

Hill's Grove, p-o., McDonough co., 111., 98 
N. w. Springfield, 871 W. 

Hill's Point, p-o., Platte co., 3Io. i 

Hill's Store, p-o., Randolph co., N. C, 84! 
w. Raleigh. 390 W. I 

HiLLsviEW, p-o.. Westmoreland co., Pa., 154 
w. Harrisburg, 189 W. j 

HiLLSviLLE, p-o., Grayson co., Va., 245 w. s. 
w. Richmond, 320 W. 

HiLLSViLLE, p-v., Mercer co., Pa., 245 w. x. 
w. Harrisburg, 253 W. 

Hill Top, p-o., Wayne county, Pa., 181 x. e. 
Harrisburg, 273 W. 

Hilltowx, p-t., Bucks co.. Pa., 100 e. Harris- 
burg, 169 W. Drained by branches of Nishaminy 
cr. It has 6 stores, cap. §14,300 ; 1 lumberyard, 
cap. 86,000 : 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 2 grist ra., 

2 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $8,289. 3 
sch. 92 scholars. Pop. 1,910. 

Hiltoxs. p-o., Sullivan co., Tenn., 295 E. Xash- 
ville, 401 W. 

Hixcklet, p-t., Medina co., O., 132 x. x. e. 
Columbus, 352 W. The surface is elevated and 
broken, and the soil is fertile, and adapted to graz- 
ing and to grain. Watered by a branch of Rocky 
r., which affords water power. Red sandstone, 
iron ore, and coal are found. It has 1 3Iethodist 
church, 1 store, 1 fulling m., 1 grist m., 1 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. §6,625. 6 sch. 253 scholars. 
Pop. 1,235. 

Hinds, county. Miss. Situated in the central 
part of the state, and contains 875 sq. ms. Drain- 



ed by small streams entering Pearl r. on the e., 

and others entering Big Black r. on the w. Sur- 
face, level ; soil, generally fertile. Capital, Ray- 
mond. Jackson, the capital of the state, is sitii- 
ated in this comity, on the w. side of Pearl river. 
There were in 1840. neat cattle 17,5J5, sheep 
3.43-^. swine 40.290; Ind. com 650.51X) bush, pro- 
duced, oats 2,466, ()otatoes 72,725, rice 50.000 
pounds, cotton 9.91 1,800 : 26 stores, cap. 81>t.000 ; 
1 tarmery, 54 grist m., 8 saw m., 5 printing offices, 
6 ^vcekly newspapers. Cap. in manufactures, 
S35.900. 1 college. 45 students, 3 acad. 90 stu- 
dents, 18 sch. 391 scholars. Pop. whites 6,773, 
slaves 12.275, free col'd 43; total, 19.093. 

Hindsburg, p-o.. Murray t.. Orleans co., N. 
Y.. 245 w. N. w. Albany. 394. W. 

Ht.NDsviLLE. p-o., Jefferson co., la., 82 s. In- 
dianapoUs, 533 W. 

Hiner's Rr.v, p-o., Lycoming co.. Pa., 130 n. 
Harrisburg, 222 W. 

HixESBURG. p-t., Chittenden co., Vt., 42 w. 
Montpelier. 506 W. Chartered in 1762. Water- 
ed by Platte r. and Lewis cr. The surface is un- 
even, and the soil fertile, well adapted to graz- 
ing. It has 1 Congregational and 1 Baptist church. 
The y. is pleasantly situated on Platte r., on one 
street, and contains a handsome church, 2 stores, 
and 1 woollen fac. There are in the t., 7 stores, 
cap. $25,500 : 2 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 2 tan- 
neries, 1 distiller^-, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. S35.170. 1 acad. 102 students, 16 sch. 
495 scholars. Pop. 1,632. 

Hi.NESviLLE, p-v., capital of Liberty co., Ga., 
196 s. E. 31illedgeville, toO W. It is situated on 
the pine lands, 14 ms. x. e. Riceboro'. It con- 
tains 3 or 4 dwellings. 

HiNGHAM, p-t., Plymouth co., Mass., 15 s. E. 
Boston. 455 W. Incorporated in 1635. Situated 
on the s. side of Boston bay. The surface is 
broken, and the soil, in many parts, fertile. It 
contains several churches, 1 of which was erect- 
ed in 1630, and is still a substantial building, a 
bank, an insurance office, a savings bank, and 2 
academies. It has about 30 vessels employed in 
the fisheries and the coasting trade. Several 
packets communicate regularly with Boston, and 
a steamboat daUy, in the summer season. It has 
32 stores, cap. $46,6G0 ; 2 lumber yards, capital 
§6,000 : 1 furnace, 3 tanneries, 1 printing office, 
1 weekly newspaper, 2 grist ra., 1 saw m., 1 oil 
m. Cap. in manufac. .9105.800 ; 1 acad. 88 stu- 
dents, 12 sch. 859 scholars. Pop. 3,564. 

Hi.vkletow.n, p-v.. Lancaster co., Pa., 42 e. 
s. E. Harrisburg, 13J W. Situated on the .v. side 
of Conestoga creek, and contains 10 or 12 dwell- 
ings. 

HixsDALE, p-t., Cheshire co., N. H., 71 s. w. 
by w. Concord, 419 W. Connecticut r. bounds 
it on the w. Watered by Ashuelot r. and its 
branches, and small streams which enter Con- 
necticut r. A mountain range, 8 or 900 feel higli, 
crosses the t. from e. to w. 3Iuch of the soil is 
fertile and well cultivated. Iron ore is found. 
Incorporated in 1753. It has 2 stores, capital 
s5,500 : 1 furnace, 1 forge, 1 fulling m., 1 woollen 
fac, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufactures, 
.$28/200. 8 sch. 307 scholars. Pop. 1.141. 

Hinsdale, p-t., Berkshire co., Ma.ss., 121 w. 
Boston, 335 W. The surface is elevated, and the 
soil adapted to grazing. A large amount of wool 
is produced, and it has considerable manufactures. 
The V. contains 3 churches — 1 Congregational, 1 
Baptist, and 1 Methodist. There are in the t., 2 
woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 5 saw mills. 
Cap. in manufac. §89,200. 6 sch. 227 scholars. 
Pop. 955. 

HixsDALE, p-t., Cattaraugus co., N. Y., 237 w. 



HOC 



280 



HOL 



s. w. Albany, 313 W. Situated on the Genesee 
Valley canal, and on the line of the New York 
and Erie railroad. The v. contains 2 churches, 
an academy, 6 stores, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., and 1 
tannery. The stale is here constructing a large 
basin, and the place is well situated for trade. 
There are in the t., 6 stores, cap. $25,500 ; 2 tan- 
neries, 1 distillery, 2 grist m., 15 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $17,550. 16 sch. 563 scholars. Pop. 
1,937. 

Hinton's Grove, p-o., Greene cc, Ala. 

Hiram, p-t., Oxford co.. Me., 79 w. s. w. Au- 
gusta, 555 W. Situated on both sides of Saco r. 
Incorporated in 1807. The soil is fertile and 
adapted tci grain and to grazing. It has 3 stores, 
cap. $1,400; 1 fulling m., 2 grist m., 1 saw mill. 
Cap. in manufac. $1,000. 15 sch. 535 scholars. 
Pop. l,-233. 

Hiram, p-t.. Portage co., O., 154 n. e. Colum- 
bus, 323 W. The soil is fertile and well culti- 
vated. It has 7 sch. 330 scholars. Pop. 1,080. 

HiRAMSBURG, p-0., Morgan co., O., 99 e. s. e. 
Columbus, 308 W. 

IIiTCHCocKviLLE, p-v., Barkhamstcad t., 
Litchfield co., Ct., 26 n. w. Hartford, 350 W. Sit- 
uated on the w. branch of Farmington r., which 
afTords good water power, near the n. w. corner 
of the t., and contains 1 Episcopal church, 2 stores, 
and about 25 dwellings. 

HiTEsviLLE, p-v., Coles CO., 111., 108 E. s. E. 
Springfield, 681 W. 

HiWAssEE, p-o., Macon co., N. C. 

HiwAssEE, r., Ga., rises in Union co., and 
flows into Tennessee, and enters the Tennessee r. 
12 ms. s. w. of Washington. 

Hix's Ferrv, p-o., Randolph co.. Ark., 170 n. 
E. Little Rock, 967 W. Situated at the crossing 
of Current r. 

HoADLiN, t.. Van Wert co., O. Pop. 40. 

Hoag's Corners, p-o., Nassau t., Rensselaer 
CO., N. Y., 22 E. Albany, 378 W. 

HoBART, p-v., Stamford t., Delaware co., N. 
Y., 65 \v. s. w. Albany, 353 W. Situated on the 
head waters of Delaware r., and contains 1 Epis- 
copal church, 6 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 fur- 
nace, 1 clothier's works, 50 dwellings and 300 
inhabitants. 

HoBBiEviLLE, p-o., Alleghany co., N. Y., 267 
w. by s. Albany, 33J W. 

HoBBiEviLLE, p-o., Greene co., la., 88 s. w. 
Indianapolis, 63 i VV. 

HoBOKEN, p-v., Bergen t., Hudson co., N. J., 
60 N. E. Trenton, 226 W. Situated on the \v. 
bank of Hudson r., opposite to New York, with 
which it is connected by 3 steam ferries. It con- 
tains an Episcopal church, 50 dwellings, several 
public houses, and fine grounds, called the Elys- 
vin Fiiids, beautifully laid out, and is much fre- 
quented from tlie city in the summer season. 

HocKHOCKiNG, r., O., rises in Fairfield co., and 
meanders through a hilly country 80 ms. in a s. E. 
direction to Ohio r., in the town of Troy, 25 ms. 
below Marietta. Excepting the lower falls and 
some mill dams, it is beatable 70 ms. It affords 
excellent mill sites, having a fall near its source 
of 40 feet perpendicularly. 

Hocking, county, O. Situated centrally to- 
ward the s. part of the state, and contains 432 sq. 
ms The suiface is generally hilly and broken, 
and contains much lertile land. Watered by 
Hockhocking r. and the head waters of Racoon 
and Salt creeks. Capital, Logan. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle ii,'M\, sheep 12,S53, swine 



155,332 ; 13 stores, cap. $18,400 ; 1 fallm'g m., 4 



tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 flouring m., 6 grist m., 9 
saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. 
Cap. in manufac. $238,275. 15 sch. 418 scholars. 
Pop. 9,741. 

Hocking, t., Fairfield co., O. It contains the 
villages of Lancaster and Hamburg. Pop. 2,137. 

Hocking, city, p-v., Athens co., O., 101 s. E. 
Columbus, 320 W. 

Hockingport, p-v., Athens co., O., 104 s. E. 
Columbus, 323 W. 

HoDGDON, p-t., Aroostook CO., Me., 202 n. n. e. 
Augusta, 797 W. Incorporated in 1832. The soil 
is fertile, producing wheat. It has 1 store, cap. 
$1,000; 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $3,200. 6 sch. 296 scholars. Pop. 
665. 

Hodgdon's Mills, p-o., Lincoln co.. Me., 43 
Augusta, 604 W. 

HoDGENSviLLE, p-v.. Hardin co., Ky., 89 s. w. 
Frankfort, 631 W. 

Hoffman's B'erry, p-o., Glennville t., Sche- 
nectady CO., N. Y., 26 N. w. Albany, 394 W. 

Hoffman's Gate, p-o., Claverack t., Columbia 
CO., N. Y., 41 s. Albany, 353 W. 

Hoffsville, p-v., Harrison co., Va., 249 n. w. 
Richmond, 243 W. 

HoGA.vsBURG, p-v., Bombay t., Franklin co., N. 
Y., 231 N. Albany, 538 W. Situated on St. Re- 
gis r., which is navigable from the St. Lawrence 
to this place by steamboats. It contains 2 church- 
es, 6 stores, 1 woollen fac, 1 fulling m., 1 grist m., 

2 saw m., 40 dwellings, and about '250 inhabitants. 
Hogestown, p-v., Cumberland co.. Pa., 9 s. 

w. Harrisburg, 108 W. It contains 1 store and 
about 12 dwellings. 

Hogg Creek, p-o., Allen co., O. 

Hogg's Store, p-o., Newberry dist., S. C, 40 
N. w. Columbia, 493 W. 

Hokesville, p-v., Lincoln co., N. C, 159 w. 
s. w. Raleigh, 396 W. 

HoLcoMB, p-o. and depot, Burke co., Ga., 58 
E. s. E. Milledgeville, 647 W. Situated on the 
Central Railroad, 100 ms. n. w. Savannah. 

HoLDEN, p-t., Worcester co., 3Iass., 48 w. Bos- 
ton, 405 W. Watered by branches of Blackstone 
and Nashua rivers. Incorporated in 1740. It has 

3 stores, cap. $10,000; 4 cotton fac. 5,700 sp., 3 
grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $55,000. 
12 sch. 527 scholars. Pop. 1,874. 

HoLDERNESs, p-t., Grafton co., N. H., 33 n. 
Concord, 519 W. Squam lake lies on the e. part 
of the t., and affords by its outlet, which flows 
into Pemigewasset r,, excellent water power. 
C'hartered in 1751. It has 2 stores, cap. $3,000; 
1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 2 paper fac, 
3 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $31,6l)8. 
17 sch. 665 scholars. Pop. 1,528. 

HoLDERNESs CENTRE, p-v., Holdemess t., 
Grafton co., N. H., 42 n. Concord, 523 W. 

Holland, p-t., Hampden co., Mass., 67 s. w. 
by w. Boston, 373 W. Watered by Quinnebaug 
r. It has 1 store, 1 cotton fac. 1,150 sp. Cap. in 
manufac. $25,000. 4 sch. 100 scholars. Pop. 423. 

Holland, p-t., Erie co., N. Y., 284 w. Albany, 
351 W. The surface is elevated and rolling; 
soil, moist clay and sandy loam. Drained by 
Seneca and Cazenove creeks. The v. contains 
15 or 20 dwellings. The t. contains 1 store, cap. 
$4,500 ; 1 fulling ni.. 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 6 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $9,600. Pop. l',242. 

Holland, t., Orleans co., Vt., 56 n. n. e. Mont- 
pelier. Bounded on the n. by Lower Canada, 
and has a fertile soil. It has 4 sch. 123 scholars. 
Pop. 605. 

Holland, p-o , Venango co.. Pa., 220 w. n. w. 
Harrisburg, 3 )9 W. 

Holland Patent, p-v., Trenton t., Oneida co., 



HOL 



281 



HOM 



N. Y., 12 N. Utica, 100 vv. n. w. Albany, 402 W. 
It contains 2 churches, an academy, 40 dwellings, 
and about 300 inhabitants. 

Holland's, p-o., Laiu-ens dist., S. C, 61 n. w. 
Columbia, 505 W. 

HoLLEY, p-v., Murray t., Orleans co., N. Y., 
210 w. N. w. Albany, 389 W. Situated on the 
Erie canal, which here passes over Sandy cr. by 
an embankment 75 feet above the bed of the 
stream. It contains 2 churches, 8 stores, 3 ware- 
houses, 1 flouring m., 1 carding machine, 2 saw 
m., 60 dwellings, and about 300 inhabitants. 

HoLLiDAYSBURG, p-b., Frankstowu t., Hunt- 
ingdon CO., Pa., 113 w. N. w. Harrisburg, 161 W. 
Situated on Beaver Dam cr. It contains 5 church- 
es — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Lutheran, 1 Baptist, 1 Meth- 
odist, and 1 African. From a basin near this place, 
a railroad passes over tlie Alleghany mountains 
to Johnstown. The vertical ascent is 1,400 feet 
in a little over 10 miles, and the descent 1,151 
feet in about 26i miles, by a number of inclined 
planes, over which the cars are drawn by ma- 
chinery. It has 7 commission houses, cap. $62,000 ; 
27 stores, cap. $105,8U0; 1 furnace, 2 printing of- 
fices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. 
$11,750. 5 sch. 225 scholars. Pop. 1,896. 

Holliday's Cove, p-o., Brooke co., Va., 354 
N. w. Richmond, 265 W. 

Holling.swortii, p-o., Habersham co., Ga., 
132 N. Milledgeville, 613 W. 

Hollls, p-t., York co.. Me., 66 s. w. Augusta, 
531 W. Situated on the w. side of Saco r. In- 
corporated in 1812. It contains 11 stores, cap. 
$10,625 ; 1 tannery, 2 potteries, 7 grist m., 16 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $30,050. 20 sch. 961 schol- 
ars. Pop. 2,363. 

HoLLis, p-t., Hillsboro' co., N. H., 44 s. Con- 
cord, 439 W. Watered by Nashua r. Incorpo- 
rated in 1746. It has a pleasant v. near the cen- 
tre. It contains 2 stores, cap. $6,000 ; 1 tannery, 
3 grist m. 12 sch. 533 scholars. Pop. 1,333. 

HoLLLSTOx, p-t., Middlesex co., Mass., 24 s. w. 
by w. Boston, 415 W. Watered by a branch of 
Charles r. Incorporated in 1724. Tlie v. at the 
centre contains 1 Congregational and 1 Method- 
ist church. There are in the t. 6 stores, cap. 
$14,500; 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 5 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $66,200. 1 acad. 140 
students, 9 sch. 400 scholars. Pop. 1,782. 

HoLLis PlaIiN's, p-o., Robertson co., Tenn., 21 
N. Nashville, 705 W. 

Holly, t., Oakland co., Mich. It has 1 sch. 
32 scholars. Pop. 429. 

Holly Creek, p-o., Wayne co., Tenn., 119 s. 
w. Nashville, 776 W. 

Holly Grove, p-o., Tishamingo co., Miss., 223 
N. N. E. Jackson, 840 W. 

Holly Sprlxgs, p-o., Wake co., N. C, 16 
Raleigh, 304 W. 

Holly Sprixgs, p-v., capital of Marshall co.. 
Miss., 193 N. by e. Jackson, 893 W. Situated on 
a high ridge. It contains a court house, jail, sev- 
eral stores and dwellings. 

Hollow Creek, p-o., Lexington dist., S. C, 
26 w. Columbia, 532 W. 

HoLMDEL, p-v., Middletown t., Monmouth co., 
N. J., 45 E. Trenton, 211 W. It contains 1 Bap- 
tist church, an academy, 2 stores, and 10 or 12 
dwellings. 

Holmes, county, O. Situated n. e. of the 
centre of the state, and contains 422 sq. ms. The 
surface in some parts is rough, but the soil is gen- 
erally fertile. Watered by Kilbuck and Mohic- 
can creeks. Capital, Millersburg. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 16,385, sheep 32,117, swine 
25,588 ; wheat 299,188 bush, produced, rye 33,231, 
Ind. corn 217.563, buckwheat 17,843, oats 228,712, 
36 



potatoes 72,078, sugar 74,930 pounds ; 20 stores, 
cap. $82,355 ; 6 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 9 tan- 
neries, 3 distilleries, 2 potteries, 7 flouring m., 15 
grist ra., 26 saw m., 4 oil m., 1 printing office, 1 
weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $75,946. 
11 sch. 484 scholars. Pop. 18,088. 

Holmes, county, Miss. Situated a little n. w. 
of the centre of the state, and contains 600 sq. 
ms. Yazoo r. runs on its w. border, and Big Black 
r. on the e. border. Capital, Lexington. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 20,137, sheep 2,396, 
swine 29,542 ; wheat 3,707 bush, produced, Ind. 
corn 430,740, oats 39,460, potatoes 75.714, rice 
5,161 pounds, tobacco 4,518, cotton 8,085,973; 
28 stores, cap. $187,100; 39 cotton fac. 234 sp., 
15 tanneries. Cap. in manufac. $9,302. 1 acad- 
emy, 13 sch. 301 scholars. Pop. whites 3,852, 
slaves 5,566, free col'd 34 ; total, 9,452. 

Holmes, t., Crawford co., O. It has 6 sch. 304 
scholars. Pop. 745. 

Holmesburg, p-v.. Lower Dublin t., Philadel- 
phia CO., Pa., 9 w. Bristol, 107 E. by s. Harrisburg, 
147 W. Situated on Pennypack cr., which is 
navigable for sloops to Lewis' 3Iills, in the vicin- 
ity. It contains 4 stores, and about 80 dwellings. 
The mill was erected, of stone, in 1697. 

Holmes Hole, p-v., Tisbury t, Dukes co., 
Mass., 89 s. s. e. Boston, 471 W. This is an im- 
portant harbor, on the n. side of Martha's Vine- 
yard, and is spacious and safe, with a depth of 
water sufficient for vessels of the largest class. 
It is much resorted to by navigators, when the 
wind will not allow of doubling Cape Cod. It 
has a number of vessels, chiefly employed in the 
fisheries. It contains 1 Baptist and 1 Methodist 
church, and about 100 dwellings. 

Holmesville, p-v., Holmes co., O., 93 n. e. 
Columbus, 349 W. 

Holmesville, p-v., capital of Appling co., Ga., 
177 s. s. E. 3Iilledgeville, 788 W. It contains a 
court house, jail, and several dwellings. 

Holmesville, p-v., capital of Pike co., Miss., 
87 s. Jackson, 1,095 W. Situated on the w. side 
of Bogue Chitto r., and contains a court house 
and several dwellings. 

Holmesville, p-v., Avoyelles parish. La. 

HoLSTON, r., Tenn., unites with Clinch r. at 
Kingston to form the Tennessee r. It is deep, 
and navigable 70 ms., with the interruption of a 
fall of 7 feet. Near its source, 7 ms. n. w. Lan- 
caster, is a fall of 40 feet. Valuable salt works 
exist near its sources. 

HoLSTov, p-o., Washington co., Va., 312 vv. s.w. 
Richmond, 380 W. 

HoLSTON, p-o., Knox co., Tenn. 

Holt's Store, p-o.. Orange co., N. C, 64 n. w. 
Raleigh, 307 W. 

Holyoke Place, p-o., Hampshire co., Mass., 
91 w. Boston, 380 W. 

Home, p-o., Indiana co., la., 165 w. n. w. Har- 
risburg, 218 W. 

Home, p-v., JefK;rson co.. Pa., 98 s. e. Indian- 
apolis, 550 W. 

Homer, p-t., Portland co., N. Y., 141 w. Al- 
bany, 317 W. The surface is level ; soil, a pro- 
ductive sandy and clay loam. Drained by 
Toughnioga cr. and its tributaries. The v. is 
situat^-d on the w. bank of the cr. Incorporated 
in 1835. It contains 4 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 
1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, and 1 Lniversalist — a flour- 
ishing academy, 10 stores, 1 woollen fac, 2 grist 
m., 2 saw m., 1 oil fac, 1 nail fac, 1 tannery, 225 
dwelUngs, and 1,300 inhabitants. There are in 
the t. 7 stores, cap. $161,0(X) ; 3 lumber yards, 
cap. $2,200 ; 1 furnace, 2 fulling m., 1 woollen 
fac, 1 cotton fac. 1,916 spindles, 4 tanneries, 1 
brewery, 1 pottery, 4 grist ra., 11 eaw m., 1 oil m 



HOO 



282 



HOP 



Cap. in manufac. $113,400. 1 acad. 350 students, 
19 sch. 861 scholars. Pop. 3,572. 

Homer, t., Medina co., O. It has 1 saw m., 7 
sch. 233 scholars. Pop. 660. 

Homer, p-v., Burlington t.. Licking ro., O., 46 
N. E. Columbus, 385 W. Pleasantly situated on 
the N. fork of Licking r., and contains 3 churches 
— 1 Pre.sbyterian, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist — 3 stores, 
3 saw m., 2 flouring m., 1 carding machine, 1 full- 
ing m., 40 dwellings, and 201 inhabitants. 

Homer, t., Athens co., O. Situated on the wa- 
ters of Federal or. It has 1 store, cap. $1,500 ; 1 
saw m., 5 sch. 125 scholars. I'op. 912. 
Homer, p-o.. Champaign co.. 111. 
Homer, p-t., Calhoun co., Mich. It has a fertile 
soil, well adapted to grain, and contains 5 stores, 
cap. $68,500 ; 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 2 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $26,400. 8 sch. 157 scholars. 
Pop. 824. 

HoNEOYE, p-v., Richmond t., Ontario co., N. Y., 
214 w. Albany, 33S W. Situated at the foot of 
Honeoye lake, and contains 1 church, 5 stores, 1 
woollen fac, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 tannery, 25 
dwellings, and 200 inhabitants. 

HoNEOYE Falls, p-v., Mendon t., Monroe co., 
N. Y., 214 w. by n. Albany, 360 W. Situated on 
Honeoye cr., which has a perpendicular fall of 
30 feet in the centre of the v., and successive 
iiills of 100 feet in the whole, in 2 ms. It con- 
tains 4 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 
Methodist, and 1 Unitarian — 10 stores, 2 flouring 
m., 2 woollen fac, 2 furnaces, 1 axe fac, 1 saw m., 
180 dwellings, and about 1,000 inhabitants. Here 
is an extensive quarry of fine building stone. 

HoNEOYE Lake, N. Y., lies chiefly in Rich- 
mond t., and is a beautiful sheet of water, 5 ms. 
long and 1 wide, abounding with fine fish. 

HoNESDALE, p-b.. Capital of Wayne co., Pa., 
172 N. E. Harrisburg, 269 W. It is in Texas t. Situ- 
ated at the confluence of Dyberry and Lacka- 
waxen creeks. The Lackawaxen canal and rail- 
road terminate at this place. It has risen up 
within a few years, and contains the office of the 
Delaware and Hudson Canal Co., and about 200 
dwellings. Incorporated in 1831. It has 6 stores, 
cap. $11,200; 1 tannery, 14 grist m. Cap. in 
manufac. $86,300. 2 acad. 60 students, 2 sch. 70 
scholars. Pop. 1,086. 

HoNEYBRooK, p-t., Chester co., Pa., 33 n. w. 
Philadelphia, 55 e. by s. Harrisburg, 133 W. The 
surface is a gentle declivity ; soil, sandy loam. 
Watered by branches of Brandywine r. It has 5 
stores, cap. $13,600 -, 2 tanneries, 2 flouring m., 2 
grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $15,060. 8 
sch. 369 scholars. Pop. 1,773. 

Honey Creek, p-o., Henderson co., 111., 110 
N. w. Springfield, 867 W. 

HoNEYviLLE, p-v.. Page CO., Va., 125 n. w. 
Richmond, 108 W. Situated on the e. side of 
Shenandoah r. 

Hood's Mills, p-o., Carroll co., Md., 56 n. w. 
Annapolis, 61 W. 

HooKERSTOWN, p-o., Greene co., N. C, 94 e. 
by s. Raleigh, 304 W. 

HooKSET, p-t., Merrimac co., N. H. 9 s. s. e. 
Concord, 472 W. Incorporated in 1822. Merri- 
mac r. passes through the t., and has a descent of 
16 leet in 80 rods, around which is a (anal u quar- 
ter of a m. long. The v. is situated on the w 
side ot the r. It has 4 stores, cap. .$10 tW • 1 
cotton fac. 6,672 sp., 2 grist m., 5 saw m Cap 'in 
manufac. $158,800. 7 sch. 191 scholars. Pop. 
1,175. 

HooKSTOWN, p-v., Greene t, Beaver co Pa 
242 w by N Harrisburg, 264 W. Situated on a 
branch of Mfll cr., 13 s. w. Beaver. It contains 
2 stores, and 40 or 50 dwellings. 



HoosicK r., N. Y., rises in Mass. and Vt., and 
flows through Rensselaer co. into Hudson river. 
It affords extensive water power. 

HoosicK, p-t., Rensselaer co., N. Y., 32 n. e. 
Albany, 400 W. The surface is hUly ; soil, clay, 
sand, and loam, adapted to grazing. Watered by 
Hoosick r. It has 1 1 stores, cap. $29,600 ; 1 ful- 
ling m., I woollen fac, 3 cotton fac. 4,632 sp., 
1 tannery, 59 grist m., 5 saw m., 2 oil m. Cap. 
in manufac. $147,350. 20 schools, 812 scholars. 
Pop. 3,539. 

HoosicK Falls, p-v., Hoosick t., Rensselaer 
CO., N. Y., 35 N. E. Albany, 403 W. Situated on 
both sides of Hoosick r., which has here a fall of 
40 feet, aflTording a fine water power. Incorpo- 
rated in 1827. It contains 3 churches — 1 Presby- 
terian, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist — 5 stores, 2 
cotton fac, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 cloth dressing 
and fulling m., 1 machine shop, 80 dwellings, and 
about 500 inhabitants. 

Hootensville, p-v., Upson co., Ga., 71 w. by 
s. Milledgeville, 727 W. Situated on the n. side 
of Flint r. 

Hopahka, p-o., Leake co., Miss., 55 n. k. Jack- 
son, 955 W. 

Hope, p-t., Waldo co.. Me., 36 e. s. e. Augusta, 
623 W. Incorporated in 1834. Watered by St 
George's r. The soil is fertile. It has 10 stores, 
cap. ,$10,800 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 
6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $18,533. 11 sch. 776 
scholars. Pop. 1,770. 

Hope, p-t., Hamilton co., N. Y., .58 n. w. Al- 
bany, 427 W. The surface is uneven ; soil in- 
diflferent, except on Sacandaga r., which waters 
it. It has 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,740. 4 
sch. 267 scholars. Pop. 711. 

Hope, p-t., Warren co., N. J., 66 n. by w. Tren- 
ton, 221 W. The v. is situated on a branch of 
Beaver brook, and contains 1 Episcopal and 1 
Methodist church, 6 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 
and 30 or 40 dwellings. There are in the t. 2 
tanneries. Cap. in manufac. $4,150. 6 sch. 311 
scholars. Pop. 1,690. 

Hope, p-o., Franklin co., O., 24 n. Columbus, 
395 W. 

Hope, p-o., Pickens co., Ala., 58 w. Tusca- 
loosa, 873 W. 

Hope, p-o., Bartholomew co., la., 55 s. s. e. In- 
dianapolis, 575 W. 

Hope Centre, p-o., Hope t., Hamilton co., 
N. Y., 63 N. w. Albany, 432 W. 

Hope Farm, p-o., Louisa co., Iowa. 

Hope Mills, p-o.. Page co., Va., 134 n. w. 
Richmond, 100 W. 

Hope Valley, p-o., Tolland co., Ct., 27 e. 
Hartford, 345 W. 

Hopewell, p-t., Ontario co., N. Y., 187 w. 
Albany, 349 W. The surface is rolling ; soil, 
clay loam. Drained by the outlet of Canandaigua 
lake and its tributaries. It has 1 fuUmg m., 1 
woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 
6 saw ra. Cap. in manufac $68,550. 14 sch. 678 
scholars. Pop. 1,976. 

Hopewell, p-t., Mercer co., N. J., 17 n. Tren- 
ton, 183 W. It has 11 stores, cap. $26,900; 1 
fulling m., 2 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 5 grist m., 5 
saw m., 2 oil m. Cap. in manufiic $33,800. 8 
sch. 307 scholars. Pop. 3,205. 

PIopewell, t., Cumberland co., N. J. The 
surface is rolling ; .soil, clay loam. Cohansey en 
bounds it on the e. and s. Drained by Mount's 
and Mill creeks, tributaries of the Cohansey cr. 
It contains 1 Seventh-day Baptist and 1 Method- 
ist church. There are in the t. 5 stores, cap. 
$21,500 ; 2 tanneries, 1 forge, 1 distillery, 1 flour- 
ing m., 2 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $25,150. 12 
sch. 973 scholars. Pop. 2,220. 



HOP 



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HOR 



Hopewell, p-t., Huntingdon co., Pa., 13 s. vv. 
Huntingdon b. Tlie surtiice is mountainous ; soil, 
in the valleys, calcareous loam. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $10,000; 1 forge, 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 3 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. §9,250. 1 sell. 25 
scliolars. Pop. 1,238. 

Hopewell, p-t., Beaver co., Pa. It has 4 
.stores, cap. $6,600 ; 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 
flouring m., 6 grist in., 6 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $23,700. 3 sch. 101 scholars. Pop. 1,603. 

Hopewell, t., York co.. Pa., 14 s. e. York b. 
The surface is undulating ; soil, a fertile loam. 
Drained by head branches of Deer cr., which 
flows into Maryland. It has 10 stores, capital 
$10,550 ; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 
y distilleries, 10 grist m., 8 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. 
in manufac. $25,229. 11 sch. 330 scholars. Pop. 
1,905. 

Hopewell, p-t., Washington co.. Pa., 12 n. w. 
Washington b. The surface is hilly ; soil, loam. 
Drained by Buffalo and Cross creeks, and Brushy 
run. It has 3 stores, cap. $5,000 ; 1 tannery, 4 
grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,880. 11 
sch. 330 scholars. Pop. 1,596. 

Hopewell, p-t., Bedford co., Pa., 15 n. e. 
Bedford b., 104 w. Harrisburg, 130 W. The sur- 
face is mountainous ; soil, in the valleys, calca- 
reous loam. Drained by Raystown branch of 
.luniata r. and its tributaries. Bituminous coal is 
found in abundance. It has 1 store, cap. $2,000 ; 
1 furnace, 1 tannery, 1 flouring m., 2 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $9,950. 2 sch. 70 scholars. 
Pop. 1,213. 

Hopewell, t., Cumberland co., Pa., 21 w. 
Carlisle. The surface is hilly ; soil, slate. It 
has 2 stores, cap. $10,000 ; 3 tanneries, 3 distille- 
ries, 1 flouring m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$21,950. 5 sch. 210 scholars. Pop. 1,036. 

Hopewell, p-v., Mecklenburg co., N. C, 170 
w. s. vv. Raleigh, 410 W. 

Hopewell, p-v., York dist., S. C, 92 n. Co- 
lumbia, 443 W. 

Hopewell, p-o., Crawford co., Ga., 60 s. w. 
Milledgeville, 716 W. 

Hopewell, p-t., Muskingum co., O., 46 e. 
Columbus, 347 W. The v. is situated on the 
national road, and contains 1 church, 4 stores, 
and 25 dwellings. There are in the t., 4 
churches, 11 sch. 414 scholars. Pop. 1,806. 

Hopewell, t.. Licking co., O. Situated on 
the national road, a few miles E. of Hebron. 
Pop. 1,150. 

Hopewell, t., Perry co., O. Watered by 
Jonathan's creek. It has 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 
3 grist m., 8 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac 
$8,160. 7 sch. 250 scholars. Pop. 1,544. 

Hopewell, t., Seneca co., O. Situated on 
the w. side of Sandusky r. It has 3 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $355. 6 sch. 200 scholars. 
Pop. 913. 

Hopewell, p-o., Greene co., Ala., 53 s. w. 
Tuscaloosa, 871 W. 

Hopewell Cotton W^okks, p-o., Chester 
CO., Pa., 67 E. s. E. HarrLsburg, 96 W. 

HopKLNS, county, Ky. Situated in the w. 
part of the state, and contains 750 sq. ms. Green 
r. runs on its n. e.. Pond r. on its e., and Trade- 
water cr. on its w. border. Watered by Otter, 
Flat, Drake's, Crary, Clear, and Deer creeks. 
Capital, Madisonville. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 9,984, sheep 8,992, swine 32,552 ; 
wheat 41,595 bush, produced, Ind. corn 424,595, 
oats 58,452, potatoes 10,923, tobacco 1,716,555 
pounds, cotton 47,536, sugar 5,019 ; 7 stores, cap. 
$24,900; 1 woollen fac, 5 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 
1 floiuring m., 4 grist ra., 4 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $16,880. 89 scholars in schools. Pop. 



whites 7,417, slaves 1,723, free col'd 31 ; total, 
9,171. 

HoPKiNsviLLE, p-t., Hamilton t., Warren co., 
O., 96 w. s. w. Columbus, 469 W. It contains 1 
church, 3 stores, and about 150 iniiabitants. 

HopKi.NsviLLK, p-v., capital of Christian co., 
Ky., 204 s. w. Frankfort, 731 W. Situated on 
the E. side of Little r. It contains a court house, 
a bank, 6 churches — 1 Baptist, 1 Episcopal, 1 
Methodist, 1 Pres^byterian, 1 Ciiniherland Presby- 
terian, and 1 Reformed, or Campbellite church — 
3 academies, 216 students, 13 stores, 1,581 ii>- 
habitants. 

HopKj.MsviLLE, p-v., Chatoogaco., Ga., 192 n. 
w. Milledgeville, 655 W. Situated on the e. 
side of Little r. 

HopKiNsviLLE, v., capital of Adair co., Mo. 
Situated 6 ms. e. of the Grand Chariton r. 

HopKiNTO.x, p-t., Merrimac co., IN. H., 7 w. 
Concord, 475 W. Watered by Contoocook r. 
and its branches, Warner and Blackwater rivers, 
all tributaries of the Merrimac. The land on the 
streams is fertile. The principal v., 7 w. Con- 
cord, contains the county jail. In the w. part of 
the t., Contoocook r. affords water power, where 
is a V. with several mills. Chartered in 1735. 
It has 8 stores, cap. $19,000; 1 fulling m., 1 tan- 
nery, 4 grist m., 1 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$21,300. 1 acad. 104 students, 19 sch. 927 
scholars. Pop. 2,455. 

HopKi.\TO.\, p-t., Middlesex co., Mass., 29 w. 
s. w. Boston, 416 W. Watered by branches of 
Charles and Mill rivers, which aflTord water 
power. Incorporated in 1715. The Boston and 
Worcester railroad, and tlie Blackstone canal, 
run near it. It contains a mineral spring of some 
celebrity. It has 7 stores, cap. $15,100 ; 3 cotton 
fac. 3,952 sp., 1 tannery, 4 grist m., 5 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $127,400. ll sch. 500 scholars. 
Pop. 2,245. 

HopKi.vTON, p-t., Washington co., R. I. In- 
corporated in 1757. Watered by Wood r., which 
affords valuable water power, and it has cotton, 
woollen and iron manufactures. The soil is fer- 
tile, adapted to grain and to grazing. Pawcatuck 
r. runs on its s. border, and affords fisheries of 
shad and alewives. Ilopkinton city is a flour- 
ishing V. in the s. part of the t., situated on a 
branch of CJharles r. There are in the t., 6 
stores, cap. $7,600 ; 1 woollen fac, 5 cotton fac. 
4,300 sp., 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $76,750. 11 sch. 517 scholars. Pop. 
1,726. 

HopKiNTON, p-t., St. Lawrence co., N. Y., 215 
N. N. w. Albany, 512 W. The surface on the s. 
is hilly and sterile ; on the N. level and fertile. 
Watered by Racket and St. Regis rivers. The 
v. contains 2 churches, 3 stores, 1 grist m., 1 
saw m., and 25 or 30 dwellings. There are in 
the t., 4 stores, cap. $12,000 ; i fulling m., 2 tan- 
neries, 2 grist m., 1 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$18,950. 24 sch. 366 scholars. Pop. 1,147. 

Hopper's Cave, p-o., Greene co., la., 84 s. w. 
Indianapolis, 647 W. 

Hopper's Mills, p-o., Warren co.. 111., 116 n. 
w. Springfield, 862 W. 

HoppEii's Tan Yaiid, p-o., Todd co., Ky., 197 
s. w. Frankfort, 721 W. 

Horace, p-o., Hamptonburgh t.. Orange co., 
N. Y., 101 s. s. w. Albany, 282 W. 

HoRicoN, p-t., Warren co., N. Y., 90 n. Alba- 
ny. The surface i* hilly and mountainous, 
mostly a wilderness. It contams several small 
lakes, the principal of which are Brant lake, and 
Schroon lake in the n. part. Hudson r. bounds 
it on the w. It has 1 grist m., 8 saw m., 5 sch. 
244 scholars. Pop. 659. 



HOS 



284 



HOU 



Hornbeck's, p-o., Pike co., Pa., 151 n. e. Har- 
risburg, -45 W. 

HoRNiiROOK, p-o., Bradford co., Pa., 141 n. 
Harrisburg, 251 W. 

Hounby, p-t., Steuben co., N. Y., 205 w. by s. 
Albany, 294 W. The surface is hilly ; soil fer- 
tile, adapted to grazing. Drained by Mead's cr. 
It has 1 fulling m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$2,150. 10 sdi. 334 scholars. Pop. 1,04S. 

HoRNELLSviLLE, p-t., Steuben co., N. Y., 241 
w. by s. Albany, 316 W. The soil is uneven 
and broken, but mostly arable. Drained by 
Canisteo r. The v. is situated on Canisteo r., 
and contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist 
church, 6 stores, 1 grist m., 3 saw m., 1 tannery, 
80 dwellings, and about 500 inhabitants. The t. 
has 2 stores, cap. $1,200; 1 grist m., 19 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $19,200. 18 sch. 699 scholars. 
Pop. 2,121. 

Hornsby's, p-o., De Kalb co., Ga., 90 n. w. 
MilledgeviUe, G'J4 W. 

HoRNTOWN, p-v., Accomack co., Va., 219 e. 
Richmond, 171 W. 

Horn Island, a low sandy island in the Gulf 
of Mexico, off the mouth of Pascagoula r. 

Horry, dist., S. C. Situated in the extreme 
E. part of the state, and contains 1,000 sq. ms. 
The surface is level ; soil, sandy and marshy. 
Little Pedee r. runs on its w. border. Watered 
by Waccamaw r., a branch of the Great Pedee 
r. It produces cotton and rice. Capital, Con- 
waysboro. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
13,182, sheep 4,857, swine 22,196 ; wheat 1,720 
bush, produced, Ind. corn 81,641, potatoes 50,676, 
rice 79,769 pounds, tobacco 4,613, cotton 10,780; 
6 stores, cap. §(36,963 ; 6 distilleries, 51 grist m., 
12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $46,815. 6 sch. 
101 scholars. Pop. whites 4,154, slaves 1,574, 
free col'd 27 ; total, 5,755. 

Horse Creek, p-o., Greene co., Tenn. 

Horsham, p-t., Montgomery co., Pa., 118 e. 
Harrisburg, 154 W. The surface is level ; soil, 
calcareous loam. Watered by a branch of Ne- 
shaminy and by Pennypack creeks. Inhabited 
chiedy by Friends, who have a church in the s. 
E. part of the t. Tlie principal v., called Hor- 
sham square, at the centre, contains 1 Friends 
church, a library, 1 store, and about half a dozen 
dwellings. There are in the town, 3 stores, 
capital $4,500 ; 4 grist m., 3 saw m. Population, 
1,182. 

HoRSEiiEAD, p-o.. Prince George co., Md., 45 
s. w. Annapolis, 39 W. 

Horsehead, p-o., Johnson co.. Ark., 109 n. w. 
Little Rock, 1,174 W. 

HoRsEPASTURE, p-0., Henry co., Va., 205 w. s. 
w. Richmond, 280 W. 

Horse Prairie, p-o., Jefferson co.. 111. 

Horse Race, N. Y., a name given to the Hud- 
son r., just beiore it leaves tl^ Highlands, where 
It has a suddea turn to the e. for 1 m., when it 
resumes its s. course. 

Horse Shoe, p-o., Washington co.. Pa., 193 
w. Harrisburg, 220 W. 

Horse Shoe, p-o., Pickens dist., S. C, 164 w. 
N. w. Columbia, 566 W. 

Horse Shoe Bend, p-o., Tallapoosa co., Ala., 
Ibb E. s. E. Tuscaloosa, 784 W 

in?°T ^iT" ^^JT,*^**' P-o-'R"ssell CO., Ky., 
103 s. Frankfort, 617 W. Situated on the s. side 
oi Cumberland r. 

Horseys Cross Roads, p-o., Sussex co., Del., 
43 s. Dover, 110 W. ' 

Horsewei.l, p-o.. Barren co., Ky., 115 s w 
Frankfort, 638 W. ' ^ ' ^• 

Hoskinsville p-y., Brookfield t., Morgan co., 
O., 90 E. by s. Columbus, 318 W. Surrounded 



by a fertile country, where large quantities of 
wool are produced. 

Hotel, p-o., Bertie co., N. C, 141 e. Nash- 
ville, 244 W. 

Hot Springs, county. Ark. Situated in the 
w. part of the state, and contains 2,540 sq. ms. 
Drained by Wachita r. and it branches. The 
surface is hilly and broken. Capital, Hot 
Springs. There were in 18-10, neat cattle 4,193, 
sheep 415, swine 7,574; wheat 1,076 bushels 
produced, Ind. com 82,724, oats 5,356, potatoes 
4,195, tobacco 3,103 pounds, cotton 2,682; 6 
stores, cap. $2,950 ; 8 grist m., 3 saw m., 3 sch. 
60 scholars. Pop. whites 1,655, slaves 249, free 
col'd 3; total, 1,907. 

Hot Springs, p-v., Bath co., Va., 169 w. N. 
w. Richmond. Here are remarkable springs, 
with a temperature of from 103 to 106 Fahrenheit, 
charged with various mineral ingredients, very 
efficacious in rheumatic and various other com- 
plaints ; a hotel for the accommodation of visiters, 
and extensive baths for ladies and gentlemen. 
Near the hotel are a hot and a cold spring, issu- 
ing so near each other, that both can be reached 
at the same time, by the thumb and finger of the 
same hand. The country around is wild and 
picturesque. 

Hot Springs, p-v., capital of Hot Springs co., 
Ark., 53 w. by s. Little Rock, 1,118 W. Situ- 
ated 6 ms. N. of the Wachita river. It contains 
a court house, 20 dwellings, and about 100 in- 
habitants. Here are about 50 springs, all hot, 
breaking out from the w. side of a mountain, and 
flowing into a small creek, the course of which 
is from n. to s., and empties into the Wachita r., 
6 miles from the springs. The temperature of 
the springs is not all the same, but varies from 
110 to 150 degrees of Fahrenheit. The Chaly- 
beate Springs are cold, and are much frequent- 
ed by invalids ; situated 3 miles n. e. of the 
Hot Springs. There are also Sulphur Springs 
in the co., 30 ms. n. w. from Hot Springs. 

Houghtonsville, p-o., Windham co., Vt., 109 
s. Montpelier, 457 W. 

Houlton, p-t, capital of Aroostook co., Me., 
120 N. N. E. Bangor, 196 n. e. Augusta, 791 W. 
It borders New Brunswick on the e. Stages 
run on a excellent road, 3 times a week, to Ban- 
gor. Watered by Meduxnekeag r., a branch of 
the St. Johns r. The soil is fertile, adapted to 
wheat. A garrison is located 1 m. n. of the v. 
There are in the t., 9 stores, cap. $9,950 ; 2 lum- 
ber yards, cap. $20,000 ; 2 tanneries, 1 flouring 
1 grist m., 4 saw m. Capital in manufac. 
$7,900. 4 sch. 144 scholars. Pop. 1,.597. 

Houma, p-v., capital of Terre Bonne parish. 
La., 132 s. w. New Orleans, 1,294 W. Situated 
on the w. side of Bayou Terrebonne. It con- 
tains a court house and several dwellings. 

HouNDSFiELD, t., Jcffersou CO., N. Y., 6 w. Wa- 
tertown. The surface is level ; soil, sandy 
loam and clay. Watered by Black r. and Black 
r. bay on tiie n., and by Hungry bay of Lake 
Ontario on the w. It contains the v. of Sackett's 
Harbor, a place celebrated as a naval station iu 
the last war. It has 18 stores, cap. $24,300 ; 2 
fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 printing 
office, 2 weekly papers, 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 
6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $39,800. 14 sch. 
418 scholars. Pop. 4,146. 

House Creek, p-o., Irwin co., Ga., 104 s. 
MilledgeviUe, 751 W. 

House's Springs, p-o., Jefferson co., Mo., 125 
E. Jefferson city, 838 W. 

HousEviLLE, p-o., Turin t., Lewis co., N. Y., 
130 N. w. Albany, 429 W. 

Houston, county, Ga. Situated a little s. w. 



HOW 



285 



HUD 



of the centre of the state, and contains 510 sq. 
miles. Ocmulgee river runs on its f.. border, and 
FHnt r. on its vv., by brandies of which it is wa- 
tered. Capital, Perry. It has 44G students in 
academies. Pop. 1830, 7,369; 1840, whites 
4,861, slaves 4,84.i, free col'd 5 ; total, 9,711. 
Houston, t., Clearfield co.. Pa. Pop. 129. 
Houston, p-o., Alleghany co., Pa., 211 w. Har- 
risburg, 237 W. 

Houston, p-o., Shelby co., O., 82 w. N. w. 
Columbus, 476 W. 

Houston, p-v., Wayne co., Tenn., Ill s. w. 
Nashville, 788 W. 

Houston, p-o.. Heard co., Ga. 

Houston, p-o., Marion co., Mo. 

Houston, p-v., capital of Chickasaw co.. Miss., 
145 n. e. Jackson, 910 W. Situated on the head 
waters of Oktibbeha cr., and contains a court 
house and a few dwellings. 

Housto.m, p-o., Adams co.. 111., 100 w. Spring- 
field, 877 W. 

Houston's Store, p-o.. Rowan co., N. C, 133 
w. Raleigh, 370 W. 

Houston's Store, p-o., Morgan co. Ala., 117 
N. N. E. Tuscaloosa, 754 W. 

Houstonville, p-v., Iredell co., N. C, 154 w. 
Raleigh, 265 W. 

H0W.A.RD, county. Mo. Situated a little n. w. 
of the centre of the state, bounded s. and \v. by 
Missouri river. Watered by Great Manitoii and 
Bonne Femme rivers, and Salt cr., tributaries of 
the Missouri. Capital, Fayette. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 10,947, sheep 11,371, swine 
29,502 ; wheat 33,040 bushels produced, Indian 
corn 561,795, oats 62,870, potatoes 12,354, tobac- 
co 98,101 pounds; 17 stores, cap. $195,465; 7 
tanneries, 5 distilleries, 19 flouring m., 20 grist m., 
6 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly 
newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $46,280. 1 acad. 
22 students, 22 sch. 657 scholars. Pop. whites 
9,331, slaves 3,683, free col'd 44 ; total, 13,108. 

Howard's Gore, Oxford co., Me. It has 3 
sch. 47 scholars. Pop. 131. 

Howard, p-t., Steuben co., N. V., 231 w. Al- 
bany, 311 W. The surface is undulating; soil, 
a fertile clay loam. Drained by branches of 
Canisteo cr. and Conhocton r. The v. contains 
1 Methodist church, a high school, 3 stores, 40 
dwellings, and 250 inhabitants. The t. has 3 
stores, cap. $10,300; 2 fulling m., 3 grist m., 7 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $13,450. 28 sch. 1,190 
scholars. Pop. 3,247. 

Howard, p-t.. Centre co.. Pa., 97 n. w. Harris- 
burg, 189 W. "The surface is mountainous, the 
mam ridge of the Alleghany passing through it. 
Drained by Bald Eagle cr. and its tributaries, and 
Marsh and Beach cr. The soil, in the valleys, is 
a calcareous loam. It has 2 stores, cap. $6,0CKJ ; 1 
furnace, 1 tannery, 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$1,500. 6 sch. 250 scholars. Pop. 1,409. 

Howard, t., Knox co., O. The soil is fertile. 
Watered by Vernon and Jelloway rivers. It has 
6 sch. 333 scholars. Pop. 999. 

Howard, t., Cass co., Mich. Watered by 
Putnam's cr. and another branch of Dowagiake 
r. It has 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $250. 2 
sch. 60 scholars. Pop. 370. 

Howard's Point, p-o., Fayette co., 111., 94 s. 
K. Springfield, 728 W. 

Howard's Vallev, po., Windham co., Ct., 
38 E. by N. Hartford, 365 W. 

Howardsville, p-o., Albemarle co., Va., 85 
w. N. w. Richmond, 151 W. 

Howardsville, p-o., Davies co., Ky. 

Howell, t., Monmouth county, N. J. The 
surface is level ; soil, sand, sandy loam, and 
clay. Drained by Shark, Manasquan, and JVIet- 



tecunk rivers, which flow e. to the Atlantic. 
It contains 16 stores, cap. $23,600 ; 2 tanneries, 
10 grist m., 8 saw m., 4 furnaces. Cap. in manu- 
fac. .$5,000. 15 sch. 475 scholars. Pop. 4,699. 

Howell, p-o., Logan co., O., 82 n. w. Colum- 
bus, 453 W. 

Howell, p-v., Howell t., capital of Livings- 
ton CO., Mich., 51 w. by n. Detroit, 554 W. It 
contains a court house, jail, an academy, 1 store, 
1 flouring m., 1 saw m., and 50 or 60 dwellings. 
There are in the t., 2 stores, cap. $5,000 ; 1 flour- 
ing m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,000. 3 
sell. 78 scholars. Pop. 321. 

Howell, p-v., Cobb co., Ga., 112 n. w. Mil- 
ledgeville, 689 W. 

Howell's Springs, p-o., Hardin co., Ky., 90 
s. w. Frankfort, 632 W. 

Howellsville, p-v., Delaware co.. Pa., 90 
E. s. E. Harrisburg, 124 W. 

Howellsville, p-v., Warren co., Va., 146 
n. n. w. Richmond, 77 W. Situated on the 
Shenandoah river, and contans a church, free to 
all denominations, 1 store, 2 flouring m., 8 or 10 
dwellings, and about 50 inhabitants. Tlie river 
is navigable, for boats, 150 miles above this place. 

Howell Works, p-o., Monmouth co., N. J., 
47 E. s. E. Trenton, 213 W. Situated on Man- 
asfiuan r., and contains a store, extensive iron 
works, and 50 or 60 dwellings. 

Howland, p-t., Penobscot co.. Me., 106 n. n. 
E. Augusta, 701 W. Watered by Piscataquis r. 
Incorporated in 1826. The soil is fertile. It has 
5 saw m., 5 sch. 151 scholars. Pop. 322. 

Howlet Hill, p-o., Onondaga t., Onondaga 
CO., N. y. 

HovLESviLLE, p-o., Lincoln co., N. C, 186 w. 
by s. Raleigh, 423 W. 

HoYSBURG, p-o., Alleghany co., Md. 

HovsviLLE, p-v., Loudon co., Va., 166 n. 
Richmond, 43 W. Situated near Kittoctan cr., 2 
miles s. of the Potomac. It contains several 
flouring mills. 

Hubbard, p-t., Trumbull co., O., 183 n. e. Co- 
lumbus, 296 W. A flourishing t., situated on 
the Pennsylvania line, 18 s. e. of Warren. It has 
8 sch. 400 scholars. Pop. 1,242. 

Hubbard's, p o., Benton co.. Ark., 190 n. w. 
Little Rock, 1,171 W. 

HuBBARusTON, p-t., Worcester co., Mass., 54 
w. by N. Boston, 412 W. Incorporated in 1767. 
Watered by branches of Ware r., which afford 
water power. The v. contains 1 Congregational 
and 1 Onitarian church, and about 50 dwellings. 
The town has 4 stores, cap. $9,000 ; 1 tannery, 4 
grist m., 17 saw m. Cap. in maaulac. $13,375. 
12 sch. 575 scholars. Pop. 1,784. 

HuBBARDTON, p-t., Rutland co., Vt., 81 s. s. w. 
Montpelier, 4.7^ W. The surface is uneven and 
rough, and in some parts mountainous. Watered 
by Hubbardton r., which flows into Lake Cham- 
plain. It has 2 fulling m., 1 flouring m., 2 grist 
m., 4 saw m. Pop. 719. 

HuBERTA, p-o., Washington co., Ala. 

Hublersburg, p-v.. Walker t.. Centre co., Pa., 
88 N. w. Harrisburg, 180 W. A small v. contain- 
ing 6 or 8 dwellings. 

Huddleston's Cross Roads, p-o., Wilson co., 
Tenn., 22 e. Nashville, 659 W. 

Hudgion's, p-o., Jefferson co., Ark., 63 s. e. 
Little Rock, 1,128 W. 

Hudson, a river of the state of New York, 
though less in its length and in the amount of 
water which it discharges than many others, 
is one of the most important in the United States. 
The Hudson, proper, rises by two branches in 
the mountainous regions of Hamilton and Es- 
sex counties. The eastern branch from the a. 



HUD 



286 



HUD 



passes through Schroon lake, and is sometimes 
called JSeliroon branch ; and the western has a 
circuitous course from the n. w., and is consider- 
ed as the main branch, or Hudson. About 40 
miles from the source of each, they unite in War- 
ren CO. After a course of 13 miles s. the Hudson 
receives the Sacandaga, on the line between 
Montgomery and Saratoga counties. The Sacan- 
daga rises in Hamilton co., and fir.st runs s. e., 
and then N. w. and w., to its junction below Jes- 
sup's falls. The Hudson then runs to the east 
of s. 15 miles to Hadley falls ; it then turns to the 
N. E. 20 miles to Glen's falls. Its direction is then 
nearly s. to its entrance into New York bay. 40 
miles below Glen's falls it receives from the vv. 
the Mohawk, its greatest tributary. From the 
jnnction of the Mohawk to its mouth, is about 
170 miles. The whole length of the Hudson, 
from its source to its entrance into New York 
bay, is a little over 300 miles. So straight is this 
river between Albany and New York, that the 
distance is less by water than by land. The tide 
flows to a little above Albany. It is navigable 
for the largest ships 118 miles, to Hudson, and 
for sloops and large steamboats 145 miles above 
New York, to Albany. Small sloops also pro- 
ceed to Troy, and through the dam and lock to 
Walerford, about 8 miles farther. Through a 
considerable part of its course the banks are ele- 
vated, and in some parts high, rocky, and precip- 
itous ; particularly in its passage through the 
Highlands, 53 miles above the city of New York. 
The scenery on the banks of the Hudson is high- 
ly picturesque. The city of New York owes 
much of its prosperity, and its pre-eminent ad- 
vantages, to this noble river, connected as it is 
with the Erie and the Champlain canals. By no 
other route can an equally favorable water com- 
munication be had with the great West. There 
are many large and flourishing towns on the Hud- 
son. The principal on the e. side are Troy, Hud- 
son, and Poughkeepsie ; and on the w. side Al- 
bany, Cattskill, and Newburgh; besides many 
others on both sides. Its waters were the thea- 
tre of the first successful attempt to apply steam 
to the propelling of vessels by Fulton and Liv- 
ingston in 1808. 

Hudson, county, N. J. Situated toward the 
N. E. part of the state, and contains 75 sq. ms. 
Hudson r. bounds it on the e., and the Passaic on 
the w. Drained by Hackensack river. Capital, 
North Bergen. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
2,951, .sheep 824, swine 1,781 ; wheat 2,360 bush, 
produced, rye 5,335, Ind. corn 10,875, buckwheat 
3,508, oats 9,141, potatoes 14,478; 23 stores, cap. 
$27,000 ; 1 furnace, 1 glass fac, 2 potteries, 1 saw 
ra., 2 printing offices, 1 bindery, 2 weekly news- 
papers. Cap. in manufac. $411,850. 2i) sch. 
1,136 scholars. Pop. 9,483. 

Hudson, p-t., Hillsboro' co., N. H., 68 s. by e. 
Concord, 263 W. Incorporated in 1746. The 
surface is level and fertile on the streams, but 
otherwise, hilly and broken. Merrimac r. flows 
on its w. border, across which is a bridge to Dun 
stable. It has 3 stores, cap. $2,600 ; 1 fulling m., 
1 woollen fac, 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $3,625. 10 sch. 341 scholars. Pop. 1,148. 
Hudson, city, port of entry, and capital of Co- 
lumbia CO., N. Y., is situated on the e. side of 
Hudson r., at the head of ship navigation, 116 n. 
New York, 29 s. Albany, 335 W., in 42° 14' n. 
lat., 73° 46' w. Ion. Pop. 1820, 2,900; 1830, 
5,392 ; 1840, 5,672. Its front consists of a bold 
promontory, risuig 60 feet above the level of the 
river, which has been formed into a pleasant 
promenade, commanding a fine view of the river 
and of the surrounding country. On either side 



of this promontory is a spacious bay, with a suf- 
ficient depth of water for the largest vessels. 
The city is regularly laid out, with streets cross- 
ing each other at right angles ; with the exception 
of two streets near the river, which follow the 
direction of the shore. The main street extends 
s. E. more than a mile to Prospect hill, 200 feet 
high, to which the grouiad gradually rises. On 
the n. side of this street, toward its upper end, is 
a public square. There is another square in the 
s. part of the city, on which the coiu"t house is 
situated. It is 1 16 feet long, the central part 40 
by 60 feet, and 60 feet high, surmounted by a 
dome, and entered by a portico of 6 Ionic col- 
umns. The wings are 34 feet front and 40 feet 
deep, and 2 stories high. There are 8 churches — 

1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, 1 Method- 
ist, 2 Friends, 2 Universalist — the Hudson Acad- 
emy, Hudson Female Seminary, the Franldin 
Literary Association, with a respectable library 
and philosophical apparatus, the Hudson Lunatic 
Asylum, and a number of select schools. The 
city is supplied with pure water, brought 2 miles 
in iron pipes from a spring at the foot of Becraft's 
mountain. This city was formerly much engaged 
in the West India trade, which has, latterly, chief- 
ly given place to the whale fishery. It lias 7 or 
8 whale ships, 4 steamboats, with freight barges, 
and a number of sloops. A steam ferry-boat plies 
between this city and Athens, on the opposite side 
of tlie river. The Hudson and Berkshire Rail- 
road connects this city with West Stockbridge, 
Mass., and thence with Boston. Several streams 
in the immediate vicinity afford con.siderable wa- 
ter power, which is improved in manufacturing. 
There were in 1840, 116 stores, cap. $410,450; 4 
lumber yards, cap. $29,000 ; cap. employed in the 
fisheries, $330,000 ; 1 furnace, 1 tannery, 1 distil- 
lery, 1 brewery, 3 printing offices, 1 bindery, 2 
weekly newspapers, 2 periodicals. Cap. in man- 
ufac. ,'iil35,650. 2 acad. 80 students, — sch. .590 
scholars. Hudson was settled in 1784 by emi- 
grants from R. Island and Massachusetts. It was 
incorporated a city in 1785. 

Hudson, p-t.. Summit co., O., 137 n. e. Colum- 
bus, 335 W. The surface is level or rolling, and 
the soil a fertile clay loam, adapted to grazing and 
to grain. The v. is pleasantly situated on a plain, 
from which the ground rises to the n. It contains 

2 churches, 6 stores, and 75 or 80 dwellings. The 
Western Reserve college is located here, on ele- 
vated ground in the n. e. part of the vilkige, and 
its buildings consist of 2 spacious college edifices, 
an elegant chapel 3 stories high, containuig reci- 
tation rooms, the library and philosophical hall, 
a theological college, a president's house, and a 
neat and convenient astronomical observatory. 
The grounds around the colleges are extensive, 
and ornamented with trees. In the rear is a large 
building, devoted to manual labor. Tliis institu- 
tion was founded in 1826, has a president and 9 
professors, or other instructors, 51 alumni, of whom 
13 have been ministers of the gospel, 63 students, 
and 4,200 vols, in its libraries. It lias an elegant 
and extensive philosophical apparatus. The com- 
mencement is on the fourth Wednesday in Au- 
gust. Its funds are respectable, and its prospects 
promising. 

Hudson, p-t., Lenawee co., Mich., 84 s. w. De- 
troit, 516 W. The soil is fertile, adapted to grain 
and to grazing. The v. is situated on Bean or 
Tiflin cr., which affords extensive water power. It 
has 1 store, cap. $500 ; 3 sch. 80 scholars. Pop. $599. 

Hudson, p-v.. La Porte co., la., 158 n. Indian- 
apolis, 650 W. 

Hudson, p-v., McLean co., III., 94 n. e. Spring- 
field, 754 W. 



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287 



HUN 



HuDsoNviLLE, p-v., Breckenridge co., Ky., 
121 w. s. w. Frankfort, 663 W. 

HuDSONViLLE, p-v., Marshall co., Miss., 201 n. 
by E. Jackson, 885 W. 

HuGiiE.sviLLE, p-v., Muncy Creek t., Lyco- 
ming CO., Pa., 90 \. Harrisburg, 200 W. It con- 
tains 2 stores, 2 mills, and 30 or 40 dwellings. 

HuGiiEsviLLE, p-o., Loudon co., Va., 149 n. 
Richmond, 40 W. 

HuGiisoNviLLE, v., Fishkill t., Dutchess co., 
N. Y. It contains 1 church, 3 stores, and about 
30 dwellings. 

Huguenot, p-o.. Deer Park t.. Orange co., N. 
Y., 113 w. s. w. Albany, 268 W. 

HtjLB0RT0.\% p-v., Murray t., Orleans co., N. 
Y. Situated on the Erie canal, and contains 1 
church, 2 stores, 40 dwellings, and about 300 in- 
habitants. 

Hull, t., Plymouth co., Mass., 9 e. s. e. Bos- 
ton, by water. Situated on a peninsula on the 
s. E. side of Boston harbor. Incorporated in 1644. 
It has a beach 4 ms. long. The v. is on Nantasket 
Head. Salt is manufactured here. It has 1 store, 
1 sch. 42 scholars. Pop. 231. 

Hull's Corners, p-o., Hannibal t., Oswego 
CO., N. Y. 

Hull's Mtlls, p-o., Stanford t., Dutchess co., 
N. Y., 63 s. Albany, 322 W. 

Hulmeville, p-v., Middletown t., Bucks co., 
Pa., 118 E. Harrisburg, 160 W. It contains 2 
stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 woollen fac, and 
about 40 dwellings. 

Hu.mansville, p-o., Polk co.. Mo., 147 s. w. 
■Jefferson city, 1,083 W. 

Hume, p-t., Alleghany co., N. Y., 263 w. by s. 
Albany, 345 W. The surface is undulating : 
soil, a fertile clay loam. Drained by Genesee r. 
and tributaries. It has 10 stores, cap. $26,000 ; 

1 furnace, 2 fulling m., 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 11 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $22,070. 11 sch. 437 
scholars. Pop. 2,303. 

Hummelstown, p-b., Derry t., Dauphin co.. 
Pa., 9 e. Harrisburg, 119 W. It contains 1 Lu- 
theran church, 4 stores, and about 160 dwellings. 
It has 2 sch. 60 scholars. Pop. 480. 

Humphrey, t., Cattaraugus co., N. Y., 8 s. e. 
Ellicott\-ille, 300 \v. by s. Albany. The surface 
is undulating ; soil, adapted to grass. Drained 
by Five Mile run and Great Valley cr. It has 

2 saw m., 2 sch. 53 scholars. Pop. 444. 
Humphrey's Creek, p-o., McCracken co., Ky., 

310 w. s. w. Frankfort, 842 W. 

Humphrey's Store, p o., Monroe co., Tenn., 
195 E. s. e. Nashville, 546 W. 

Humphrey's Vill.\, p-o.. Holmes co., O., 72 
N. E. Columbus, 33S W. 

HuMPHREYSviLLE, p-v., Derby t.. New Haven 
CO., Ct., 51 s. w. Hartford, 305 W. Situated on 
Naugatuc r., 4 mile.s from its entrance into the 
Housatonic, at Derby landing. It contains 3 
churches — 1 Congregational, 1 Episcopal, and 1 
Methodist — 4 stores, 1 large cotton fac, 100 feet 
long and 4 stories high, and about 60 dwellings. 

HuMPHREVsviLLE, p-o., Chester co.. Pa., 62 e. 
by s. E. Harrisburg, 122 W. 

Humphreys, county, Tenn. Situated toward 
the N. w. part of the state, and contains 475 sq. 
ms. Tennessee r. passes through the middle of 
the CO. from s. to n. (^apital, Reynoldsburg. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 6,310, sheep 6,034, 
swine 21,461 ; wheat 18,290 bush, produced, Ind. 
corn 269,00^, oats 36,681, potatoes 4,408, tobacco 
4,2!!5 pounds, cotton 9,143, sugar 3,853 ; 8 stores, 
cap. $38,600 ; 1 furnace, 4 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 

3 flouring m., 15 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $6,3a8. 10 sch. 217 scholars. Pop. whites 
4,448, slaves 739, free col'd 8 ; total, 5,195. 



Hu.nterdon, county, N. J. Situated in the 
vv. part of the state, bounded s. w. by Delaware 
r. The surface in the s. part i.s level, in the N. 
mountainous. Soil, generally very fertile. Wa- 
tered on the E. by the s. branch of Raritan r. and 
its tributaries ; on the w. by several creeks which 
flow into the Delaware. Capital, Flemington. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 20,722, sheep 
27,102, swine 26,165 ; wheat 76,332 hush, prod., 
rye 190,169, Ind. com 347,276, buckwheat 107,093, 
barley 1,332, oats 490,650, potatoes 121,569; 86 
stores, cap. $269,150 ; 2 fulling m., 1 vvoollen fac, 
23 tanneries, 31 distilleries, 1 brewery, 2 potteries, 

I rope fac, 7 flouring m., 57 grist m., 60 saw m., 

I I oil m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. 
Cap. in manufac. $250,515. 86 sch. 2,587 schol- 
ars. Pop. 24,789. 

Hunter, p-t., Greene co., N. Y., 18 w. Cats- 
kill, 54 s. w. Albany, 356 W. The surface is 
mountainous, lying on the principal range of 
Catskill mountains, and containing the peak call- 
ed Round Top, 3,804 feet above the Hudson. 
The soil is sterile, except on some of the streams. 
Wood, timber, and bark for the tanneries, are ex- 
ported. Drained by head branches of Schoharie 
creek. The v. is situated on Schoharie kill, and 
contains 2 churches, 3 stores, 1 cotton fac, 1 grist 
m., 5 saw m., 2 tanneries, 50 dwellings, and about 
30t) inhabitants. There are in the t. 4 stores, cap. 
$4,600 ; 1 cotton fac. 368 sp., 5 tanneries, 16 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $66,500. 11 sch. Ill schol- 
ars. Pop. 2,019. 

Huntersl.vnd, p-o., Middleburg t., Schoharie 
CO., N. Y., 34 w. Albany, 377 W. 

Hunterstown, p-v., Strabane t., Adams co.. 
Pa., 35 s. w. Harrisburg, 85 W. It contains a 
Lutheran church, 2 stores, and 20 or 30 dwellings. 

Huntersville, p-v., capital of Pocahontas 
CO., Va., 190 w. N. w. Richmond, 235 W. The 
situation is elevated 1,800 feet above the Atlantic, 
on Kapp's cr., 6 ms. above its entrance into Green- 
brier r. It contains a court house, jail, 3 stores, 
25 dwellings, and 130 inhabitants. Near the v. 
are 2 sulphur springs. 

Huntersville, p-v., Hardin co., O., 81 N. w. 
Columbus, 452 W. 

Hunting Creek, p-o., Accomack co., Va., 199 
E. Richmond, 196 W. 

Huntingdon, county. Pa. Situated a little 
s. w. of the centre of the state, and contains 
1.276 sq. ms. Watered by Juniata r. and its 
tributary, Raystown branch. Organized in 1787. 
A part of it is fertile and well cultivated, and a 
part mountainous and covered with timber. Iron, 
in abundance, leail, bituminous coal, salt, and 
alum, are found. The Pennsylvania canal passes 
through the co., along the Juniata r. The railroad 
across the Alleghany mountains commences at 
Hollidaysburg, in the w. part of this co. Capi- 
tal, Huntingdon. There were in 1840, neat cat- 
tle 24,747, sheep 26,598, swme 32,003; wheat 
521,816 bush, produced, rye 175,457, Ind. corn 
345,795, buckwheat 79,952, barley 4,937, oats 
S48,959, potatoes 141,046; 28 commission houses, 
cap. $144,600; 119 stores, cap. $581,600; 20 fur- 
naces, 27 forges, 6 fulling m., 9 woollen fac, 34 ■ 
tanneries, 15 distilleries, 2 breweries, 7 potteries, 
4 printing ofl^ces, 4 weekly newspapers, 4 flour- 
ing m., 63 grist m., 182 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $331,427. 1 acad. 20 students, 104 sch. 1,432. 
scholars. Pop. 35,484. 

Huntingdon, p-b., capital of Huntingdon co.. 
Pa., 92 w. N. w. Harrisbiu-g, 151 W. Situated 
on the w. side of Frankstown branch of Juniata 
r., at its entrance into the latter, 50 ms. from its 
mouth. It contains a brick court house, a stone 
jail, 6 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Dutch Re- 



HUN 



28S 



HUR 



formed, 1 Associate Reformed, 1 Methodist, 1 
Roman Catholic, and 1 colored Methodist — an 
academy, 13 stores, cap. $83,200; 2 tanneries, 2 
distilleries, I brewery, 1 pottery, 2 printing of- 
fices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. 
$13,950. 5 sch. 187 scholars. Pop. 1,145. 

Huntingdon, t., Luzerne co., Pa. It has 
North mountain in its n. part, and Knob moun- 
tain on its s. K. part. The surface is rolling, and 
the soil adapted to cultivation. It contains the 
V. of New Columbus near its w. border. It has 

7 stores, cap. $28,000; 1 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 
4 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $24,630. 

8 sch. 325 scholars. Pop. 1,510. 
Huntingdon, t., Adams co.. Pa., 12 n. e. Get- 
tysburg. The surface is level ; soil, calcareous 
loam and gravel. Bermudian cr. runs on its w. 
border. It has 2 churches, 5 ms. apart, in its w. 
part, and the v. of Middleton in its n. w. part. It 
contains 4 stores, cap. $36,500 ; 1 woollen fac, 
2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $12,790. 8 sch. 295 scholars. Pop. 1,481. 

Huntingdon, p-v., capital of Carroll co., 
Tenn., 98 w. Nashville, 783 W. Situated on the 
s. fork of Obion r. It contains a court house, 
and several stores and dwellings. 

Hungtington, county, la. Situated toward 
the N. E. part of the slate, and contains 384 sq. 
ms. Organized in 1832. The siu-face on the 
rivers is level ; back of them, undulating. Wa- 
tered by Wabash r. and its tributaries, Salmania 
and Little rivers. The Wabash and Erie canal 
passes through the co. Capital, Huntington. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 1,307, sheep 529, 
swine 1,382 ; wheat 6,427 bush, produced, Indian 
corn 46,702, oats 9,435, potatoes 6,589, sugar 8,518 ; 
11 stores, cap. $18,000; 4 grist m., 5 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $10,070. 1 sch. 15 scholars. 
Pop. 1,579. 

Huntington, t., Chittenden co., Vt., 20 w. 
Montpelier, 15 s. e. Burlington. Chartered in 
1763, but not settled until 1786. ' The surface is 
very uneven, lying on the Green mountains, and 
contaimng Camel's Rump, one of its highest 
peaks, in its e. part. Watered by Huntington r., 
a branch of Onion r., which affords water power. 
The soil is sterile. It has 2 fulling m., 1 woollen 
fac, 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufactures 
$2,500. 7 sch. 229 scholars. Pop. 914. 

Huntington, p-t., Fairfield co., Ct., 17 w. 
New Haven, 49 s. w. Hartford, 298 W. Incor- 
porated in 1789. The surface is uneven, and the 
soil iertile, adapted to grain. The v. contains 1 
Congregational and 1 Episcopal church. The t. 
contains 6 churches — 2 Congregational, 2 Epis- 
copal, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist. Housatonic r. 
runs on the e. border of the t., and is here crossed 
by 2 bridges. It has 3 stores, cap. $3,000; 2 
woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 paper fac, 2 grist m., 
7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $16,700. 5 sch. 103 
scholars. Pop. 1,326. 

Huntington, p t., Suffolk co., N. Y., 189 s. 
by e. Albany, 269 W. It extends across Long 
Island, in its widest part. The surface is hilly 
on the N., level on the s. The soil is various, it 
has several bays setting up from Long Island 
sound, and is drained by small streams, flowing 
into Great South bay on the s. The v., situated 
at the head of Huntington harbor, a branch of 
Huntmgton bay, contains 3 churches— 1 Presby- 
terian, 1 lOpiscopal, and 1 IJniversalist— an acad- 
emy, several stores, a wind m., 50 dwellings, and 
about 400 inhabitants. It has a fine harbor. 
Ihere are in the t. 30 stores, cap. $110,200; 7 
lumber yards, cap. $10,200 ; 2 fulling m., 2 wool- 
len lac 2 tanneries, 1 pottery, 1 printing office, 
1 weekly newspaper, 1 flouring m., 9 grist m., 4 



saw m. Cap. in manufac. $120,410. 1 acad. 83 
students, 31 sch. 1,354 scholars. Pop. 6,562. 

Huntington, p-t., Lorain co., O., 20 s. w. 
Elyria, 95 n. n. e. Columbus, 376 W. Watered 
by the w. branch of Black r. It has 2 sch. 85 
scholars. Pop. 713. 

Huntington, t.. Brown co., O. Ohio r. runs 
on its s. border, and it contains the v. of Aber- 
deen. The first settlement in the co. was made 
in this t. in 1795. It has 1 sch. 50 scholars. Pop. 
2,362. 

Huntington, t., Gallia co., O. Watered by 
Racoon cr., and contains the v. of Vinton. It has 
1 store, cap. $1,000; 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 3 
grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,500. 
Pop. 971. 

Huntington, t., Ross co., O. The soil is 
fertile, and well cultivated. Pop. 1,169. 

Huntington, p-v., Laurens dist., S. C, 82 n. 
w. Columbia, 484 W. 

Huntington, p v., capital, Huntington co., 
la., 105 N. N. E. Indianapolis, 570 W. It is situ- 
ated on the N. side of the Wabash r., and con- 
tains a court house, jail, and several dwellings. 

Huntington B.\y, Hempstead t., Suffolk co., 
N. Y., sets up from Long Island sound, between 
Eaton's and Lloyd's Neck. It is a safe harbor, 
and abounds with shell and other fish, and wild 
fowl. 

Huntingtown, p-v., Calvert co., Md., 42 s. 
vv. Annapolis, 72 W. 

HuNTSBURG, p-t., Geauga co., O., 175 n. e. 
Columbus, 334 W. It has 1 store, cap. $2,000 ; 
1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $400. 
1 sch. 24 scholars. Pop. 911. 

Hunt's Cros.s Roads, p-o., Randolph co., la., 
84 E. N. E. Indianapolis, 515 W. 

Hunt's Fork, p o., David.son co., N. C. 

Hunt's Hollow, p-v.. Portage t., Alleghany 
CO., N. Y., 258 w. Albany, 353 W. It contains 
3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, and 1 
Methodist — 1 store, and 30 or 35 dwellings. 

Hunt's Store, p-o., Guilford co., N. C., 98 w. 
N. W.Raleigh, 319 W. 

Huntsville, p-o., Luzerne co., Pa., 126 n. e. 
Harrisburg, 237 W. 

Huntsville, p-v.. Liberty t., Butler co., C, 
95 w. s. w. Columbus, 479 W. 

Huntsville, p-v., Surry co., N. C, 138 w. n. 
w. Raleigh, 339 W. Situated on the w. side of 
Yadkin r. 

Huntsville, p-v., Laurens dist., S. C, 56 n. 
w. Columbia, 510 W. 

Huntsville, p-v., capital of Madison co., Ala., 
153 N. N. E. Tuscaloosa, 708 W. Situated 10 ms. 
N. of Tennessee river. It contains a fine court 
house, bank, market house, U. S. land office, 5 
churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Cum- 
berland Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, and 1 Method- 
ist — 1 academy, 1 seminary, 18 stores, and 2,496 
inhabitants. The court house is of Grecian archi- 
tecture, and cost $45,000. The bank is of hewn 
stone, with an Ionic portico, and cost $S0,000. 
The houses are neat, and many of them elegant. 
There is a macadamized road to Tennessee r 

Huntsville, p-v., Schuyler co.. 111., 80 w. n. 
N. Springfield, 85S W. 

Huntsville, p-v., capital of Randolph co.. 
Mo., 78 N. N. w. Jeffenson city, 961 W. It is sit- 
uated on the E. side of E. Chariton r. 

Huntsville, p-v., Paulding co., Ga., 136 w. 
N. w. Milledgeville, 661 W. 

Huntsville, p-v., capital of Madi-son co.. 
Ark., 175 N. w. Little Rock, 1,183 W. It is situ- 
ated on the s. side of the War Eagle branch of 
White r. 

Hurley, p-t., Ulster co., N. Y., 60 s. s. w Al- 



HUR 



289 



HYN 



bany, 319 W. The surface is hilly; soil, a fer- 
tile calcareous loam. Drained by E^opus creek. 
The v., on Esopus cr., contains 3 churches — 1 
Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Methodist — 1 store, 
and 30 or 33 dwellings. The t. has 5 stores, 
cap. $15,000; 1 woollen fac, 3 grist m., 5 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $41,(550. 6 sch. 447 schol- 
ars. Pop. 2,21)1. 

Hurl Gate. (See Hell Gate.) 

Huron Lake, one of the 5 great lakes of North 
America, lies on the boundary between the United 
States and Canada, and may be regarded as 218 
miles long, and 180 broad, though its irregular 
form renders it difficult to determine this with 
much precision. It receives the waters of Lake 
Superior through the Straits of St. 3Liry, and of 
Lake Michigan through the Straits of Michiii- 
mackinac, and discharges its waters into Lake 
Erie through St. Clair r. and lake and Detroit 
r. The Manitoulin Islands stretch across its n. 
part, from e. to w., and one of them, the Grand 
Manilou, is 80 ms. long. This lake, though very 
deep, is generally shallow near its shores. It 
has some fine harbors. 

Huron, r., O., rises in Richland co., and flows 
through Huron and Erie counties into Lake Erie, 
at Huron. It is navigable, by a crooked chan- 
nel, 6 or 7 miles from its mouth. A canal is con- 
structed along this r., from Milan to the head of 
navigation. 

Huron, r., Mich., rises in Oakland and Liv- 
ingston counties, and enters Lake Erie a few ms. 
below the mouth of Detroit r. This r. and its 
branches afford extensive water power. Its 
length is about 90 ms. 

Huron, county, O. Situated in the n. part of 
the state, and contains 800 .sq. ms. Watered by 
Huron and Vermilion rivers, and their branches. 
The soil is fertile, and well cultivated. Capital, 
Norwalk. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
23,595, sheep 28,132, swine 31,3S3 ; wheat 
164,056 bush, produced, rye 2,501, Indian corn 
163,293, buckwheat 5,446, oats 148,669, potatoes 
147,328, silk cocoons 1,039 pounds ; 5 commission 
houses, cap. $23,000 ; 36 stores, cap. $235,300 ; 6 
fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 6 tanneries, 3 distil- 
leries, 2 potteries, 3 flouring m., 11 grist m., 41 
saw m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. 
Cap. in manufac. $207,401). 146 sch. 5,1 19 schol- 
ars. Pop. 23,933. 

Huron, county, Mich. Situated on the point 
of land between Lake Huron and Saginaw bay. 
Surface low, and in many places swampy. Un- 
organized. 

Huron, p-t., Wayne co., N. Y., 183 w. by n. 
Albany, 363 W. The surface is level ; soil, 
gravelly and sandy loam. Lake Ontario bounds 
it on the n., from which East bay. Port bay, and 
Sodus bay, set up. It contains the villages of 
Huron and Port Glasgow. It has 4 stores, cap. 
$1,20[) ; 1 fulling m., 13 saw m., 8 sch. 574 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,943. 

Huron, p-t., Erie county, Ohio, 111 n. by 
E. Columbus, 399 W. The v. is situated at the 
mouth of Huron r., on Lake Erie, where is a good 
harbor. It contains 15 stores, 8 or 10 warehouses, 
and about 250 dwelling,s, and 1,000 inhabitants. 
There are in tlie t. 5 commission houses, cap. 
$35,000; 12 stores, cap. $15,000; 1 printing of- 
fice, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. 
$1,000. 2 sch. 64 scholars. Pop. 1.4S8. 

riuRON, pt., Wayne co., Mich., 29 s. w. De- 
troit, 509 W. It has 2 sch. 1 1 1 scholars. Pop. 317. 

Hurricane, p-o., Spartanburg dist., S. C., 105 
N. w. Columbia, 464 VV. 

HiniRicANE, po., Humphreys co., Tenn., 82 
w. by s. Nashville 766 W 
37 



Hurricane, p-o., Montgomery co., 111., 69 s 
Springfield, 753 W. 

Hurricane, p-o., Grant co., Wis., 127 w. Mad- 
ison, 917 W. 

Hurricane Shoals, p-o., Jackson co., Ga., 97 
w. N. w. Milledgevillc, 62S W. 

Hurts Cross Roads, po., Maury co., Tenn., 
34 s. by w. Nashville, 711 W. 

Huston, t.. Centre co.. Pa. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $3,000 ; 2 furnaces, 1 grist m., 4 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $1,500. 2 sch. 80 scholars. 
Pop. 557. 

lIusTONViLLE, p-v., Lincoln co., Ky., 53 s. s. 
E. Frankfort, 567 W. 

Hutsonville, p-v., Crawford co., 111., 147s. e. 
Springfield, 631 W. 

HuTTOWiLLE, p-o., Randolph co. Va., 195 n. 
w. Richmond, 222 W. 

HvANMS, p-v., Barnstable t., Barnstable co., 
Mass., 77 s. e Boston, 478 W. Situated 5 s. E. 
Barnstable court house, and contains 1 Baptist 
and 1 Universalist church. 

Hyannis Port, p-o., Barnstable t., Barnstable 
CO., Mass., 79 s. e. Boston, 480 W. Here is a 
good harbor, with a breakwater, constructed by 
the United States. 

Hyattstown, p-v., Montgomery, co., Md., 72 
w.by N. Annapolis, 32 W. 

Hyattsville, p-v., Monroe t., Miami co., O., 
82 w. Columbus, 475 W. Situated near the Mi- 
ami canal, and contains 2 stores, and about 100 
inhabitants. 

Hyco, p-o., Halifax co., Va. 

Hyde, county, N. C. Situated in the e. part 
of the state, and contains 800 .sq. ms. It has 
Pamlico sound on the s. e. Surface low, with 
extensive marshes. Capital, Lake Landing. 
There were in 1810, neat cattle 6,411, sheep 
4,835, swine 1,629; wheat 2 1,055 bush, prod uceo, 
Ind. corn 231,837, oats 18,737, potatoes 56,506, 
cotton 45,830 pounds ; 17 stores, cap. $63,000 ; 7 
flouring m., 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. §10,500. 5 sch. 133 scholars. Pop. whites 
4,009, slaves 2,198, free col'd 251 ; total, 6,453. 

Hyde Park, p-t., capital of Lamoille co., Vt., 
31^ N. Montpelier, 545 W. Chartered in 1781. 
Watered by Lamoille r. and its branches, which 
affijrd good water power. The soil is fertile, and 
easily cultivated. The v. contains a court house, 
jail, and a number of dwellings. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $9,000 ; 7 saw m. Cap. in manufactures, 
$3,560. 11 sch. 230 scholars. Pop. 1,030. 

Hyde Park, p-t., Dutchess co., N. Y., 66 s. 
Albany, 305 VV. The surface is uneven ; soil, 
gravelly loam and clay. Hudson r. bounds it on 
the w., and the soil along the r. is fertile. Drain- 
ed by Crum Elbow cr. There are some delight- 
ful residences along the borders of the Hudson. 
The V. is on the e. side of Hudson r., and con- 
tains 3 churches — 1 Dutch Reformed, 1 Episco- 
pal, 1 Methodist — 5 stores, 1 warehouse, 1 grist 
m., 1 plaster in. It has 2 commodious steamboat 
landings, from which boats and barges ply to N. 
York, and a horse ferry-boat, which plies across 
the r. There are in the t., 2 stores, cap. $5,800 ; 
1 tannery, 1 flouring m., 4 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. 
in manulac. $27,20ti. 2 sch. 57 scholars Pop. 2,364. 

Hyde Park, p-o., Luzerne co.. Pa., 144 n. e. 
Harrisburg, 248 W. 

Hvn!:sBURG. p-v., Ralls co.. Mo., 108 n. n. e. 
Jefferson city, 919 W. 

Hyde Settlement, p-o.. Barker t., Broome 
CO., N. v., 134 w. s. w. Albany, 310 W. 

Hydraulic Mills, p-o., Albemarle co., Va^ 
90 w. n. w. Richmond,- 126 W. 

Hynd-sville, p-o., Seward t., Schoharie co. 
N. Y., 44 w. Albany, 491 W. 



ILL 



290 



ILL 



I. 



Iberia, p-v., Washington t., Marion co., O., 54 
N. Columbus, 399 W. It contains 2 stores and 
several dwellings. 

Iberia, p-v.. Miller co.. Mo., 50 s. w. Jefferson 
city, 986 W. Situated 2 ms. w. of Tavern cr. 

Iberville, outlet of Mississippi r., leaves the 
Mississippi 14 ms. below Baton Rouge, and 20 
ms. below, is joined by, and lost in Amite r. It 
receives water from the Mississippi only at high 
flood. 

Iberville, parkh. La. Centrally situated 
in the lower part of the state, and contains 35l) 
sq. ms The surface is level, the borders of tlie 
streams only being sufficiently elevated for cul- 
tivation, where the soil is very ferlile. Capital, 
Plaquemine. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
4,901, sheep 3,9-*8, swine 4,638 ; Ind. corn 209,240, 
bush, prod., potatoes 30,924, cotton 3,552,000 lbs., 
sugar 3,728,C0 J ; 17 store.?, cap. $d4,8J0; 1 acad. 12 
students, 5 sell. 133 scholars. Pop. whites 2,523, 
slaves 5,837, free col'd 85 ; total, 8,495. 

Iberville, p-v., Iberville par.. La., 92 w. n. 
w. New Orleans, 1,192 W. 

Ices Ferry, p-o., Monongalia co., Va. 

IcKESBURG, p-v., Perry co.. Pa., 40 n. w. Har- 
risburg, 128 W. 

Ida, p-o., Tipton co., Tenn., 180 w. by s. Nash- 
ville, 865 W. 

I0A, t., Monroe co., Mich. It has 2 sch. 52 
scholars. Pop. 251. 



Ijamsville, p-v., Frederick co., Md., 71 n. w. 
Annapolis, 51 W. 

Imlaytown, p-v.. Upper Freehold t., Mon- 
mouth, CO., N. J., 16 E. Trenton, 182 W. It con- 
tains 1 store, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 tannery, and 
about 15 dwellings. 

Illinoks, r., 111., is formed by the Union of 
Kankakee and Des Plaines rivers, and at Ottawa, 
receives Fox r., and proceeding in a general s. w. 
and s. direction, about 400 ins. by the windings 
of the r., unites with the Mississippi in 38° 58' 23" 
N. lat., and 90° 18' w. Ion., 20 ms. above the en- ' 
trance of the Missouri. It is 400 yards wide at 
its mouth. Above the entrance of Vermilion r. 
it is obstructed by rapids ; but below this point 
the current is gentle, and navigable for steamboats, 
throughout the year. From this point, a canal is 
in progress to Cliicago, a distance, including 5? 
ms. in Chicago r., and a feeder 4 ms. from Fox r., 
of 106 ms. It is 6 feet deep, and 60 feet wide at 
top ; and is estimated to cost $8,654,337. This is 
one of the most important canals in the coun- 
try. 

Illinois, river, Ind. ter., rises in Benton and 
Washington counties. Ark., and passing into the 
Indian ter., runs southwardly into Arkansas r., 4 
ms. above tlie entrance of Canadian r. A few 
ms. from the mouth of the Illinois are salt springs, 
on its borders. 



ILLINOIS. 

Illinois, one of the Western United States, is bounded n. by Wisconsin ter. ; e. by Lake Mich- 
igan and Indiana ; s. by the Ohio river, which separates it from Kentucky ; and w. by Missouri, 
and Iowa ter., from which it is separated by the Mississippi river. It is between 37° and 42° 30' 
N. lat., and between 87° 17' and 91° 50' w. Ion., and between 10° 20' and 14° 21' w. Ion. from W. 
It is 350 ms. long by 180 broad, containing 50,000 square miles, or 32,000,000 acres. The popula- 
tion in 1810 was 12,232; in 1820, 55,211 ; in 1830, 157,575; in 1840, 476,183; of which 255,235 
were white males ; 217,019 do. females ; 1,876 were colored males ; l,722do. females. Employed 
in agriculture, 105,337 ; in commerce, 2,506 ; in manufactures and trades, 13,185 ; in mining, 782 ; 
navigating the ocean, 63 ; do. lakes, rivers, and canals, 310 ; learned professions, 2,021. 

This state is divided into 87 counties, which, with their population in 1840, and their capitals, 
were as follows : — Adams, 14,476, Quincy; Ale.xander, 3,313, Unity ; Bond, 5,060, Greenville; 
BooNE, 1,705, Belvidere ; Brown, 4,183, Mount Sterling; Bureau, 3,067, Princeton ; Calhoun, 
1,741, Gilead ; Carroll, 1,023, Savannah; Cass, 2,931, Virginia; Champaign, 1,475, Urbana ; 
Christian, 1,878, Edinburg ; Clarke, 7,453, Marshall ; Clay, 3,223, Lewisville ; Clinton, 3,718, 
Carlyle; Coles, 9,616, Charleston; Cook, 10,201, Chicago; Crawford, 4,422, Palestine; De 
Kalb, 1,697, Sycamore ; De Witt, 3,247, Clinton; Du Page, 3,535, Napierville ; Edgar, 8,225, 
Paris; Edwards, 3,070, Albion; Effingham, 1,675, Ewington; Fayette, 6,323, Vandalia ; 
Frankli.n, 3,632, Benton; Fulton, 13,142, Lewiston; Gallatin, 10,760, EquaUty ; Greene, 
11,951, Carrollton ; Hamilton, 3,945, McLeansboro' ; Hancock, 9,946, Carthage ; Hardin, 1,378, 
Elizabethtown ; Henry, 1,260, Morristown ; iRoauois, 1,695, Montgomery ; Jackson, 3,566, 
Brownsville ; Jasper, 1,472, Newton ; Jefferson, 5,762, Mt. Vernon ; Jersey, 4,535, Jerseyville ; 
Jo-Daviess, 6,180, Galena; Johnson, 3,626, Vienna ; Kane, 6,501, Geneva; Kno.x, 7,060, Knox- 
ville ; Lake. 2,634, Little Fort; La Salle, 9,348, Ottawa; Lawrence, 7,092, Lawrenceville; 
Lee, 2,035, Dixon ; I<ivingston, 759, Pontiac ; Logan, 2,333, Postville ; Macon, 3,03J, Decatur; 
Macoupin, 7,826, Carlinville ; Madison. 14,433, Edwardsville ; 3Iarion, 4,742, Salem; Mar- 
shall, 1,819, Lacon; McDonough, 5,303, Macomb; McHenry, 2,578, McHenry ; McLean, 
6,565, Bloomington ; Menard, 4,431, Petersburg ; Mercer, 2,352, Millersburg ; Monroe, 4,481, Wa- 
terloo ; Montgomery, 4,490, Hillsboro' ; Morgan, 19,547, Jacksonville ; Ogle, 3,479, Oregon city ; 
Peoria, 6,153, Peoria; Perry, 3,222, Pinckneyville ; Pike, 11,723, Pittsfield ; Pope, 4,094, Gol- 
conda; Putnam, 2,131, Hennepin ; Randolph, 7,944, Kaskaskia ; Rock Island, 2,610, Rock Isl- 
and ; Sangamo.n, 14,716, Springfield ; Schuyler, 6,972, Rushville ; Scott, 6,215, Winchester; 
Shelby, 6,059, Shelbyville ; Stark, 1,573, Toulon ; Stephenson, 2,800, Freeport ; St. Clair, 
13,631, Belleville ; Tazewell, 7,221, Tremont; Union, 5,624, Jonesboro' ; Vermilion, 9,303. 



ILL 291 ILL 

Danville ; Wabash, 4,240, Mt. Carmel ; Warren, 6,739, Monmouth ; Washington, 4,810, Nash- 
ville ; Wayne, 5,133, Fairfield ; White, 7,919, Carmi ; Whiteside, 2,514, Sterling; Will, 10,167, 
Juliet; Williamson, 4,457, Bainbridge ; Winnebago, 4,609, Rockford. 

Springfield, near the centre of the state, is the seat of government. 

The surface of tliis state is generally level. There is no mountain in its whole extent, though 
the northern and southern parts are hilly and broken. The portion of the state s. of a line from 
the mouth of the Wabash to the mouth of the Kaskaskia, is generally covered with timber, but N. 
of this, the prairie country predominates. The eye sometimes wanders over iinmen.se plains, 
covered with grass, with no other boundary of its vision but the distant horizon, though the view 
is often broken by occasional woodlands. The dry prairies are generally from 30 to 100 feet higher 
than the bottom land on the rivers, and frequently no less fertile. A range of blufTs commences 
on the margin of the Mississippi, a short distance above the mouth of the Ohio, and extends n. be- 
yond the Des Moines rapids, sometimes rising abruptly from the water's edge, but generally a few 
miles distant from it, leaving between the bluffs and the river, a strip of alluvial formation of inex- 
haustible fertility. The banks of the Illinois and Kaskaskia, in some places, present sublime and 
picturesque scenery. Several of their tributary streams have excavated for themselves deep gulfs, 
particularly those of the Kaskaskia, whose banks, near the junction of Big Hill creek, present a 
perpendicular front of solid limestone 140 feet high. 

The peninsula between the Mississippi and Illinois rivers has been surveyed as military bounty 
lands by the United States, making an area equal to 240 townships of 6 miles square, which would 
be equal to 8,640 square miles, or nearly to 5,530,000 acres. These lands are said to be of excel- 
lent quality. The soil throughout the state generally may be considered as fertile. The forest 
trees most abundant are oak of different species, walnut, ash, elm, sugar maple, locust, hackberry, 
buckeye, sycamore, and seme white pine about the head waters of the Illinois. The vegetable 
productions are Indian corn, wheat, rye, oats, buckwheat, potatoes, turnips, cotton, hemp, flax, to- 
bacco, castor bean, &c. 

In this state there were in 1840, 199,235 horses and mules ; 626,274 neat cattle ; 395,672 sheep; 
1,495,254 swine ; poultry valued at $309,204. There were produced 3,335,393 bushels of wheat; 
82,251 of barley; 4,988,008 of oats ; 88,197 of rye ; 57,884 of buckwheat ; 22,634,211 of Indian 
corn; 650,007 pounds of wool ; 17,742 of hops; 29,173 of wax; 2,025,520 bushels of potatoes; 
164,932 tons of hay ; 1,976 of hemp and f !x ; 564,326 pounds of tobacco ; 460 of rice ; 200,947 of 
cotton ; 1,159 of silk cocoons ; 399,813 of sugar. The products of the dairy were valued at $428,175 ; 
of the orchard at $126,756; of lumber $203,666. Value of skins and furs, $39,412. There were 
made 474 gallons of wine. 

The most important mineral production of this state is lead, which is found in the n. w. part in 
inexhaustible quantities, and in one year 13,000,000 pounds have been smelted. Galena is the cen- 
tre of the lead trade. Several valuable salt springs are found in the e. and s. part, particularly 
near Shawneetown, which are owned by the United States, and leased to the manufacturers. Coal 
abounds in the bluffs, and iron exists in various parts of the state. 

The climate is generally healthy, the air pure and serene, but the winters cold. The average 
temperature through the year is from 50° to 53° of Fahrenheit. In the neighborhood of low and 
wet lands, particularly near the mouths of the Wabash and the Ohio, the country is unhealthj''. 
The summers in the s. part of the state are warm. 

The Illinois is the largest river in the state. Fox and Des Plaines rivers, its 2 largest branches 
from the n., rise in Wisconsin, and with Kankakee river, from Indiana, form the Illinois, and after 
a course of more than 400 miles, it enters the Mississippi 20 miles above the Missouri. It is navi- 
gable a distance of about 250 miles. Rock river rises in Wisconsin, and after a course of 300 miles, 
mostly in Illinois, it falls into the Mississippi. The Kaskaskia rises near the middle of the state, 
and after a southwestwardly course of 250 miles, enters the Mississippi, 63 miles below the Mis- 
souri. It is navigable for boats for 150 miles. The Wabash forms a part of the e. boundary. (See 
Indiana.) The Little Wabash, after a course 130 miles, enters the Wabash a little above its con- 
fluence with the Ohio. Peoria lake, tiirough which the Illinois river flows, about 200 miles from 
its mouth, is a beautiful sheet of water, 20 miles long, and 2 broad. 

The principal commercial depot in the n. is Chicago, on Lake Michigan, at the mouth of Chicago 
river, with a tolerable harbor, which has been improved by piers extending into the lake. The 
most commercial place on the Mississippi is Alton, 2i miles above the Missouri. It has a fine 
landing place, with a natural wharf consisting of a flat rock well suited to the purpose. The other 
principal places are Springfield, Quincy, Galena, Peoria, Vandalia, and Kaskaskia. 

There were in this state in 1840, 2 commercial and 51 commission houses engaged in foreign trade, 
with a capital of $333,800 ; 1,348 retail drygoods and other stores, with a capital of $4,904,125 ; 
405 persons employed in the lumber trade, with a capital of $93,350 ; 1 17 persons employed in 
internal transportation, who, with 26S butchers, packers, &c., employed a capital of $642,425. 

The amoimt of home-made or family manufactures was $993,567. There were 4 fulling mills 



ILL 292 ILL 

and 16 woollen manufactories, employing 31 persons, producing goods to the amount of $9,540, with 
a capital of $26,203 ; 4 furnaces produced 15S tons of cast iron; 20 smelting houses produced 
8,755,000 pounds of lead, employing 73 persons, and a capital of §114,500; 2.i persons produced 
20,000 bushels of salt, with a capital of $10,000; 3 persons produced confectionery to the amount 
of $2,240 ; 1 paper mill produced $2,000; 24 persons manufactured tobacco to the amount of 
$10,139; 6S persons manufactured hats and caps to the amount of $28,395, and straw bonnets to 
the amount of $1,570, employing a capital of $12,918 ; 23 potteries, employed 56 persons, producing 
articles to the amount of $26,740, with a capital of $10,225 ; 153 tanneries employed 305 persons, 
and a capital of $155,679; 626 other manufoctories of leather, as saddleries, &c., produced articles 
to the amount of $247,217, with a capital of $93,503 ; 71 persons produced machinery to the amount 
of $37,720; 20 persons produced hardware and cutlery to the amount of $9,750; 12 persons pro- 
duced 20 cannon and 238 small-arms ; 7 persons manufactured the precious metals to the value of 
$2,400 ; 26 persons manufactured granite and marble to the amount of $116,112 ; 995 persons pro- 
duced bricks and lime to the amount of $263,398, with a capital of $104,648 ; 25 persons produced 
519,673 pounds of soap, and 117,693 poimds of tallow candles, wilh a capital of $17,315; 150 dis- 
tilleries produced 1,531, 63 1 gallons, and 11 breweries 90,300 gallons, the whole employing 233 per- 
sons, and a capital of $138,135; 307 persons produced carnages and wagons to the amount of 
$144,362, with a capital of $59,263 ; 98 flouring mills produced 172,657 barrels of flour, and with other 
mills employed 2,204 persons, and manufactured articles to the amount of $2,417,826, with a captial 
of $2,147,618 ; vessels were built to the amount of $39,200 ; 244 persons produced furniture to the 
amount of $34,410, with a capital of $62,223; 334 brick or stone houses, and 4,133 wooden houses 
were built by 5,737 persons, and cost $2,065,255 ; 45 printing offices, and 5 binderies, 3 daily, 3 
semi-weekly, and 38 weekly newspapers, and 9 periodicals, employed 175 persons, and a capital 
of $71,300. The whole amount of capital employed in manufactures was $3,136,512. 

The Illinois College, at Jacksonville, was founded in 1829; Shurtleff College, (Baptist,) in Upper 
Alton, in 1833 ; McKendree College, (Methodist,) in Lebanon, in 1834 ; McDonough College, at 
Macomb, in 1837. In these institutions there were in 1840, 31 1 students. There were in the state 
42 academies, with 1,967 students ; 1,241 common and primary schools, with 34,876 scholars ; and 
27,502 white persons over 20 years of age who could neither read nor write. 

The Methodists have 160 travelling preachers ; the Baptists have 160 ministers ; the Presbyte- 
rians, of different descriptions, about 100 ministers ; the Episcopalians 10 churches, and the Ro- 
man Catholics 12 ; and there are some of other denominations. 

At the beginning of 1840, there were in this state 9 banks and branches, with an aggregate capital 
of $5,423,185, and a circulation of $3,724,092. At the close of 1840, the state debt amounted to 
$13,465,632. 

The governor is elected by the people for 4 years, but is eligible only 4 years in 8. A lieuteu- 
ant-governor is elected at the same time, wlio is president of the senate, and in case of the 
death, resignation, or absence of the governor, discharges his duties. The senators are elected for 
4 years, and the representatives for 2 years. The representatives shall never be less than 27, nor 
more than 36, until the inhabitants exceed 100,000. The number of senators shall never be less 
than one third nor more than one half the number of representatives. The judges of the supreme 
court are appointed by the joint ballot of both houses of the legislature, and hold their offices dur- 
ing good behavior. All white male inhabitants over 21 years of age, who have resided in the state 
6 months next preceding an election, have the right of suffrage. 

This state has undertaken an extensive system of internal improvements. The Illinois and 
Michigan canal extends from Chicago 106 miles to near Peru, at the head of steamboat navigation 
on the Illinois. This distance includes a navigable feeder of 4 miles, and a few miles of river nav- 
igation. It was commenced in 1836, and is estimated to cost $3,654,337. A railroad extends from 
Meredosia, 53 miles, to Springfield. Coal Mine Bluffs railroad extends from the Mississippi river, 
6 miles, to the coal mine. Besides these, a large system of railroads has been projected and partly 
executed, the principal of which is denominated the Central railroad, extending from Cairo, at the 
junction of the Ohio and Mississippi, and terminating near the s. termination of the Illinois and 
Michigan canal ; and thence extending in a n. w. direction to Galena ; the whole distance being 
457i miles, at an estimated cost of $3,800,000. This is designed to be intersected by railroads to 
the E. and w., some of them cros.sing the state. But none of these works are yet completed. 

The French in 1720 from Canada, settled at Kaskaskia and Cahokia, where their descendants are 
still found. By the treaty of peace between Great Britain and France, in 1763, this country came 
into the possession of the British. Nearly all the settlements in this state by emigrants from other 
states, have been made since 1800. In 1789, it constituted a part of the Northwest territory. In 
1800 Indiana and Illinois became a separate territory. In 1809 Illinois was made a separate terri- 
tory under its present name ; and in 1813 it was admitted to the union as an independent state, 
being the 23d to that time admitted. 



IND 



293 



IND 



Illinois, t., Washington co., Ark. It has 15 
stores, cap. $147,800; 2 tanneries, 3 distilleries. 
Cap. in manufac. $S50. Pop. 519. 

Illlnois City, p-v., Rock Island co.. 111., 172 
N. N. w. Springfield, 901 \V. Situated between 
Kock river and tlie Mississippi. 

I.\"DEPf;xDE.\cE, r., N. v., rises in Hamilton co., 
and flows w. into Black r., in Lev\is co. 

Lndependence, county. Ark. Situated cen- 
trally toward the n. e. part of the state, and con- 
tains 1,250 sq. ms. Big Black r. runs on its e. 
border. Watered by White r. Capital, Bates- 
ville. There were "in 1840, neat cattle G,993, 
sheep 1,923, sw^ine 19,329; wheat 9,151 bush, 
produced, Ind. corn 219,635, oats 8,702, potatoes 
5,878, tobacco 19,595 pounds, cotton 18,932: 
8 stores, cap. $10,000, 1 cotton fac. G sp., 2 tan- 
neries, 2 distilleries, 8 grist m., 3 saw m., 1 print- 
ing office, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $18,620. 1 acad. 55 students, 2 sch. 45 
scholars. Pop. whites 3,246, slaves 514, free 
col'd 9 ; total, 3,66'J. 

Independe.'^ce, p-t., Alleghany co., N. Y., 20 
s. E. Angelica, 261 w.by s. Albany, 300 W. The 
surface is high and rolling ; soil, clay loam. 
Drained by Cryder's and Independence creeks. 
It has 4 stores, cap. $27,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 wool- 
len fac, 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $7,900. 13 sch. 571 scholars. Pop. 
1,440. 

Independence, t., Warren co., N. J., 14 n. e. 
Belvidere. It is hilly on the e. and w., with a 
valley running through the centre. Drained by 
Pequest cr., and its tributary, Bacon cr. Mus- 
conetcong r. flows on its .s. e. boundary. It con- 
tains 1 Friends church ; 1 1 stores, cap. $27,500 ; 



1 furnace, 2 distilleries, 6 flouring m., 3 grist m., 

1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $65,650. 13 sch. 530 
scholars. Pop. 2,2-<4. 

Independence, p-v., Washington co.. Pa., 227 
w. Harrisburg, 254 W. It has 2 sch. 50 scholars. 
Pop. 335. 

Independe.nce, p-v., Autauga co., Ala., 94 s. 
E. Tuscaloosa, 831 W. 

Independence, p-v., Henderson co.,Tenn., 129 
w.s. w. Nashville, 813 W. 

Independence, p-t., Cuyahoga co., O., 10 s. 
Cleveland, 145 n. n. e. Columbus, 358 W. Sit- 
uated on both sides of the Ohio canal, and the 
Cuyahoga r. It has 8 sch. 178 scholars. Pop. 
751. 

Independence, p-v., capital of Kenton co., 
Ky., 82 N. N. E. Frankfort, 5U5 W. It contains a 
court house and a few dwellings. 

Independence, t., Oakland co., Mich. It has 

2 stores, cap. $1,600. Pop. 830. 
Independence, p-v., Warren co., la., 85 n. w. 

Indianapolis, 643 W. 

Independence, t., Macon co., Mo. It has I 
sch. 27 scholars. Pop. 515. 

Independence, p-v., capital of Jackson co., 
Mo., 146 w. N. \v. Jefferson city, 1,072 W. It 
is situated 6 ms. s. Missouri r., and is a flourish- 
ing V. Here the Mormons attempted to establish 
themselves, but the opposition of the inhabitants 
obliged them to remove. This is the place of de- 
parture for the Santa Fe traders, and here they 
obtain many of their supplies. It has a court 
house, jail, and several stores, and about 300 in- 
habitants. 

Independence Hill, p-o.. Prince William co., 
Va., 94 N. Richmond, 41 W. 



INDIANA. 

Indiana, one of the western United States, is bounded n. by Michigan lake and state ; e. by 
Ohio ; s. by Kentucky, from which it is separated by the Ohio river ; and w. by Illinois. It is 
between 37° 45' and 41° 52' n. lat., and between 84° 42' and 87° 49' w. Ion., and between 7° 45' 
and 11° w. from W. It has a mean length of 260 miles, and a mean breadth of 140 miles ; con- 
taining 36,000 square miles, or 23,040,000 acres. The population in 1800 was 5,641 ; in 1810, 
24,520 ; in 1820, 147,178 ; in 1830, 341,582 ; in 1840, 635,866. White males, 352,773 ; do. females, 
325,925 ; colored males, 3,731 ; do. females, 3,434. Employed in agriculture, 148,806 ; in com- 
merce, 3,076 ; in manufactures and trades, 20,590 ; in mining, 233 ; navigating the ocean, 89 ; do. 
canals, rivers, and lakes, 677 ; learned professions, 2,257. 

There are in this state 87 counties, which, with their population, in 1840, and their capitals, were 
as follows: Adams, 2,264, Decatur ; Allen, 5,942, Fort Wayne; Blackford, 1,226, Hartford; 
Bartholomew, 10,042, Columbus ; Boone, 8,121, Lebanon ; Brown, 2,364, Nashville ; Benton, 
Benton C. H. ; Carroll, 7,819, Delphi ; Cass, 5,480, Logansport ; Clarke, 14,595, Charles- 
town ; Clay, 5,567, Bowling Green ; Clinton, 7,508, Frankfort ; Crawford, 5,282, Fredonia ; 
Daviess, 6,720, Washington; Dearborn, 19,327, Lawrenceburg ; Decatur, 12,171, Greensburg ; 
De Kalb, 1,963, Auburn; Delaware, 8,843, Muncytown ; Dubois, 3,632, Jasper ; Elkhart, 
6,660, Goshen ; Fayette, 9,837, Connersville ; Floyd, 9,454, New Albany; Fountain, 11,218, 
Covington; Franklin, 13,349, Brookville ; Fulto.n, 1,993, Rochester ; Gibson, 8,977, Princeton ; 
Grant, 4,875, Marion ; Greene, 8,321, Bloomfield ; Hamilton, 9,855, Noblesville ; Hancock, 7,535, 
Greenfield; Harrison, 12,459, Corydon ; Hendricks, 11,264, Danville; Henry, 15,128, New 
Castle; Huntington, 1,579, Huntington; Jackson, 8,961, Brownston ; Jasper, 1,267, Rensse- 
laer; Jay, 3,363, Portland; Jefferson, 16,614, Madison; Jennings, 8,829, Vernon; Joh.nson, 
9,352, Franklin; Knox, 10,657, Vincennes ; Kosciusko, 4,170, Warsaw; La Grange, 3,664, 
Lima; Lake, 1,468, Crown Point; La Porte, 8,181, La Porte; Lawrence, 11,782, Bedford; 
Madison, 8,874, Andersontown; Marshall, 1,651, Plymouth; Marion, 16,080, Indianapolis ; 3Iar- 
TiN, 3,87.5, Mt. Pleasant; Miami, 3,043, Peru; iMonroe, 10,143, Bloomington ; Montgomery, 
14,438, Crawfordsville ; Morgan, 10,741, Martinsville ; Noble, 2,702, Augusta ; Orange, 9,602, 
Paoli; Owen, 8,359, Spencer; Parke, 13,499, Rockville ; Perry, 4,655, Rome ; Pike, 4,769, Pe- 
tersburg ; Porter, 2,162, Valparaiso; Posey, 9,683, Mt. Vernon ; Pulaski, 561, Winnimac ; Put- 
nam, 16,843, Green Castle ; Randolph, 10,634, Winchester; Ripley, 10,392, Versailles; Rush, 
16,456, Rushville ; Scott, 4,242, Le.vington ; Shelby, 12,005, Shelby ville ; Spencer, 6,305, Rock- 



IND 294 IND 

port ; St. Joseph, 6,425, South Bend ; Stark, 149, Stark C. H. ; Sieuhen, 2,578, Angola ; Sul- 
livan, 8,315. Benton ; Switzerland, 9,920, Vevay ; Tippecanoe, 13,724, Lafayette ; Union, 
8,017, Liberty; Vanderburg, 6,250, Evansville ; Vermilion, 8,274, Newport; Vigo, 12,076, 
Terre Haute ; Wabash, 2,756, Wabash; Warren, 5,656, Williamsport; Warwick, 6,321, Boone- 
ville; Washington, 15,269, Salem; Wayne, 23,290, Centreville ; Wells, 1,822, Bluffton; 
White, 1,832, Monticello ; Whitley, 1,237, Columbia. 

Indianapolis, near the centre of the .state, on White river, is the seat of government. 
There are no mountains in Indiana, but the country bordering on the Ohio is hilly. A range of 
hills runs parallel witli the Oliio, from the mouth of the Great Miami to Blue river, alternately ap- 
proaching to within a few rods, and receding to the distance of two miles. Inmediately below 
Blue river, the hills cease, and there is presented to view an immense tract of level land, covered 
with a heavy growth of timber. Bordering on all the principal streams, except the Ohio, are strips 
of bottom and prairie land, from 3 to 6 miles in width. Remote from the rivers the country is bro- 
ken, and the soil light. Between the Wabash and Lake Michigan, the country is generally level, 
interspersed with woodlands, prairies, lakes, and swamps. The shore of Lake Michigan is lined 
by lofty bare sand hills 200 feet high, back of which are sandy hillocks, with a growth of pine 
The prairies bordering on the Wabash are particularly rich, having ordinarily a vegetable soil from 
2 to 5 feet deep. The natural growth of the soil consists of several kinds of oak, ash, beech, buck- 
eye, walnut, cherry, maple, elm, sassafras, linden, honeylocust, cotton wood, sycamore, and mul- 
berry. The principal productions are wheat, rye, Indian corn, oats, buckwheat, barley, potatoes, 
beef, pork, butter, cheese, &c. 

In 1840, there were in this state 241,036 horses and mules; 619,980 neat cattle ; 675,982 sheep; 
1,623,608 swine ; poultry, to the value of $357,594. There were produced, 4,049,375 bushels of 
wheat ; 28,015 of barley ; 5,981,605 of oats ; 129,621 of rye ; 49,019 of buckwheat ; 28,155,887 of 
Indian corn ; 1,237,919 pounds of wool ; 33,591 of hops ; 30,647 of wax ; 1,525,794 bushels of pota- 
toes ; 178,029 tons of hay ; 8,605 of flax and hemp ; 1,820,306 pounds of tobacco ; 3,727,795 of sugar. 
The products of the dairy were valued at $742,269; of the orchard, at $110,055; of lumber, at 
$420,791. There were made 10,265 gallons of wine ; and value of skins and furs $220,883. 

Iron and coal have been found in this state, and there are some salt springs, and Epsom salts axe 
found in a cave near Corydon ; but the mineral productions have no great interest. 

The climate is generally healthy and pleasant ; the winters are mild in the southern, and more 
severe in the northern parts. 

The Ohio river washes the whole southern border of this state, and furnishes great facilities 
for trade. The Wabash is the largest river in this state, being 500 miles in length. It rises in Ohio, 
and passes westwardly and southweslwardly through the state, when it forms a part of the western 
boundary for 120 miles, and enters the Ohio 30 miles above Cumberland river. It is navigable for 
steamboats to La Fayette, 300 miles, a part of the year. White river, its largest branch, is 200 miles 
long, and is navigable in its w. fork for steamboats to Indianapolis, in season of floods. It consists 
of an E. fork and vv. fork, which unite about 30 miles above its junction with the Wabash. The 
White Water river runs in the eastern part of the state, and enters the Great Miami a little above 
its mouth. The St. Joseph's river enters the n. part of the state from Michigan, and after a course 
of 40 miles, passes through Michigan into Michigan lake. Lake Michigan touches this state in its 
N. w. part. 

The largest place in the state is New Albany, on the Ohio river, a little below Louisville. In- 
dianapolis, Madison, and Evansville, are flourishing places. Vincennes, Terre Haute, La Fayette, 
Logansport, and Fort Wayne, are growing centres of trade in the interior. 

Tliere were in the state in 1840, 1 1 commercial and 26 commission houses engaged in foreign 
trade, with a capital of $1,207,400 ; 1,801 retail drygoods and other stores, with a capital of 
$5,664,687 : 767 persons employed in the lumber trade, with a capital of $90,374 ; 2,705 persons 
engaged in internal transportation, who, with 237 butchers, packers, &c., employed a capital of 
$582,165. 

The amount of home-made or family manufactures, was $1 ,289,802. There were 24 fulling mills, 
and 37 woollen manufactories, employing 103 persons, producing goods to the amount of .$58,867, 
and employing a capital of $77,954 ; 12 cotton manufactories, with 4,933 spindles, employing 210 
persons, producing articles to the amount of $135,400, with a capital of $142,500 ; 7 furnaces, pro- 
ducing 810 tons of cast iron, and 1 forge, producing 20 tons of bar iron, employing 103 persons, and a 
cap. of $57,700 ; 47 persons produced 242,040 bushels of bituminous coal, with a capital of $9,300 ; 3 
paper manufactories, producing to the amount of $86,457, and other manufactures of paper producing 
to the amount of $54,000, the whole employing 100 persons, and a capital of $68,739 ; 261 persons man- 
ufactured flax to the amount of $6,851 ; 83 persons manufactured tobacco to the amount of $65,659, 
wdth a capital of $24,706 ; hats and caps were manufactured to the amount of $122,844, and straw 
bonnets to the amount of $2,043, the whole employing 183 persons, and a capital of $69,018 ; 428 
tanneries employed 978 persons, and a capital of $399,627 ; 579 other manufactories of leather, as 



IND 295 IND 

saddleries, &c., produced articles to tiie amount of $730,001, and employed a capital of $247,549; 
45 potteries employed 79 persons, produced articles to the amount of §35,835, with a capital of 
$13,685 ; 26 persons produced drugs and paints to the amount of $47,720, with a capital of $17,934 ; 
120 persons produced machinery to the amount of $123,808 ; 83 persons produced hardware and 
cutlery to the amount of $34,263 ; 47 persons manufactured 885 small-arms ; 2 persons ir.anufac- 
tured the precious metals to the amount of $3,500 ; 28 persons manufoctured granite and marble to 
the amount of $6,720; 1,007 persons produced bricks and lime to the amount of $206,751, with a 
capital of $140,469 ; 30 persons made 1,135,560 pounds of soap, 228,938 pounds of tallow candles, 
111 pounds of wax and spermaceti candles, with a capital of $13,039; 323 distilleries produced 
1,787,108 gallons, 20 breweries, produced 138,392 gallons, the whole employing 500 persons, and a 
capital of $292,316 ; 5 rope walks, employing 11 persons, produced cordage to the amount of $5,850, 
with a capital of $2,270 ; 481 persons manufactured carriages and wagons to the amount of 
$163,135, with a capital of $78,116 ; 204 flouring mills manufactured 224,624 barrels of flour, and 
with other mills, employed 2,224 persons, producing articles to the amount of $2,329,134, and em- 
ploying a capital of $2,077,018; vessels were built to the amount of $107,223; 564 persons pro- 
duced furniture to the amount of $211,481, with a capital of $91,022; 346 brick or stone houses, 
and 4,270 wooden houses, employed 5,519 persons, and cost $1,241,312; 69 printing offices, 6 bind- 
eries, 4 semi- weekly, and 69 weekly newspapers, and 3 periodicals, employed 211 persons, and 
a capital of $58,505. The whole amount of capital employed in manufactures was $4,132,043. 

Indiana College, at Bloomington, was founded in 1827 ; South Hanover College, at South Han- 
over, was founded in 1829 ; Wabash College, at Crawfordsville, was founded in 1833 ; the Indiana 
Asbury University, under the Methodists, was founded in 1839. In these institutions there were 
in 1840, 322 students. There were in the state 54 academies, with 2,946 students; and 1,521 
common and primary schools, with 48,189 scholars. Of white persons over 20 years of age, 38,100 
could neither read nor write. 

In 1836, the Baptists had 334 churches, and 218 ministers ; the Presbyterians had 109 churches 
and 70 ministers ; the Methodists about 70 preachers. The Lutherans in 1840, had 30 congrega- 
tions, and 8 ministers. Besides these there is a considerable number of Friends, and some Epis- 
copalians, Roman Catholics, and some Presbyterians, Methodists, and Baptists of different 
descriptions. 

In the commencement of 1840, there was one bank, with 12 branches, in the state, with a capital 
of $2,595,221 and a circulation of $2,985,370. At the close of 1840, the state debt amounted to 
$13,667,433. 

The governor is elected by the people for 3 years, and may be once re-elected. At every elec- 
tion of governor, a lieutenant-governor is elected, who is president of the senate, and who discharges 
the duty of the governor in case of his death, resignation, or removal. 

The senators and representatives are apportioned among the counties according to the number 
of white male inhabitants over 21 years of age. There can never be fewer than 36 nor over 100 
representatives ; and the niunber of senators can never be less than one third, nor more than one 
half the number of representatives. The representatives, and one third of the senators, are elected 
annually by the people. The legislature meets annually at Indianapolis, in December. The 
judges of the supreme and circuit courts are appointed for the term of 7 years. The judges of the 
supreme court are appointed by the governor, with the consent of the senate ; the chief justices of 
the circuit courts by the legislature ; and the associate judges by the people. The right of suffrage 
is enjoyed by all male inhabitants, over 21 years of age, who have resided in the state one year 
immediately preceding the election. 

The greatest work of internal improvement undertaken by this state, is the Wabash and Erie 
canal, which extends from Lafayette, on the Wabash, 187 miles to Lake Erie, at Toledo, on the 
Maumee bay ; 87^^ miles of it being in Ohio, and 99J in Indiana. The Whitewater canal extends 
from Lawrenceburg, 30 miles to Brookville. This canal, when completed, will connect Cambridge, 
on the national road, with the Ohio river, the entire length being 76 miles, at an estimated cost of 
$1,400,000. The Central canal is designed to connect the Wabash and Erie canal at Peru, with 
the Ohio river at Evansville, passing through Indianapolis. The entire length will be 290 miles, 
and the estimated cost $3,500,000. Parts of this work have been completed. Terre Haute and 
Eel River canal will connect Terre Haute, the southern termination of the Wabash and Erie canal, 
with the Central canal in Greene county, at a distance of 40i miles, and an estimated expense of 
$629,631. This work is not completed. The Madison and Indianapolis railroad extends from 
Madison, on the Ohio river, 95 miles to Indianapolis. It is nearly completed. Several other canals 
and railroads have been projected. 

In 1730, the French made a settlement at Vincennes, when they were attempting to extend their 
posts from Canada to Louisiana. At tiie peace between France and England, in 1763, this country 
came into possession of the English, who, however, made no attempt to settle it until after the revo- 
lutionary war. In 1787, the United States took possession of Vincennes, and erected a fort on the 



IND 



296 



IND 



opposite bank of the river, as a defence against the natives. The inhabitants at this period consisted 
of French, of Canadians, and of Indians. In 1801, this region constituted a part of the Northwest 
Territory, and a territorial government was established over it. About 3 years after, a considerable 
portion of the territory was purchased of the Indians. This country suffered much from the In- 
dians and British, during the last war with Great Britain ; but they were defeated at the battle of 
Tippecanoe by the Americans, under Gen. W. H. Harrison. In the year 1816, Indiana was ad- 
mitted to the Union, since which time, its progress has been rapid in population and improvement. 



I\DT.\NA, county. Pa. Situated centrally to- 
ward the w. part of the state, and contains 770 
sq. ms. The surface is hilly. Coal and salt are 
abundant, and some iron ore is found. The soil 
is loam mixed with sand, gravel, and clay, and in 
many parts very fertile. Drained by the head 
w-aters of the w. branch of Su.squehanna r., and 
by branches of Connemaugh r. Capital, India- 
na. There were in 1840, neat cattle 18,199, 
sheep 35,894, swine 24,377 ; wheat 19.'i,'251 bush, 
produced, rye 78,021, Ind. corn 171,018, buck- 
wheat 80,806, oats 356,046, potatoes 103,807, su- 
gar 12,282 pounds, bituminous coal 483,280 bush., 
salt 70,890 ; 3 commission houses, cap. $7,500 ; 
69 .stores, cap. $171,116; 1 furnace, 1 forge, 5 
fulling m., 5 woollen fac, 26 tanneries, 7 distille- 
ries, 3 potteries, 3 flouring m., 51 grist m., 74 saw 
m., 3 printing offices, 3 weekly newspapers. 
Cap. in manufiic. $119,474. 2 acad. 55 students, 
23 sch. 1,413 scholars. Pop. 20,782. 

Indiana, p-b., capital of Indiana co.. Pa., 155 
w. N. w. Harrisburg, 208 W. It contains a court 
house of brick, jail, 4 churches — 2 Pre.sbyterian, 

1 Lutheran, and 1 Methodist — an academy, 1 fe- 
male semmary, 124 dweUings, and 674 inhabit- 
ants. Organized in 1805. It has 14 stores, cap. 
$37,000 ; 1 brewery, 1 pottery, 2 printing ofTices, 

2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $2,787. 
1 acad. 22 students, 1 sch. 70 scholars. 

Indiana, t., Alleghany co.. Pa., 10 n. e. Pitts- 
burg. The surface is hilly ; soil, loam. Drained 
by Long, Deer, Squaw, and Pine creeks. It has 
5 stores, cap. $8,000 ; 1 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 
1 forge, 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $11,000. 12 
sch. 480 scholars. Pop. 2,697. 

Indianapolis, p-v., capital of Marion co., and 
of the state of Indiana. Situated in Centre t., on 
the E. side of White r., which is navigable to this 
lace, in time of high water. It contains a state 
louse, governor's house, court house, a U. S. 
land office, 6 churches — 2 Baptist, 1 Episcopal, 
1 Lutheran, 1 Presbyterian, and 1 Methodist, a 
female institute, a county seminary, a steam flour- 
ing and saw m., and 2,692 inhabitants. The na- 
tional road passes through the place ; and the 
most important roads in the state centre here. 
The place was originally laid out on a mile 
square, with streets crossing each other at right 
angles, and additions have been made to it on the 
different sides. In the centre, is a circular area 
of several acres, from which 4 streets diverge, 
crossing the other streets diagonally. In the 
centre of the circular area was originally a 
mound, on which stands the governor's house, 
in a very commanding situation, with a circular 
street around it, 80 feet wide. The state house 
is a fine building, 180 feet long, by 80 feet wide, 
and 45 feet high from the ground to the cornice, 
with an appropriate dome. It is after the model 
of the Parthenon at Athens. A bridge crosses 
White r. here, w hich cost $25,000. There were 
in Centre t. in 1840, 30 stores, cap. $92 6()0 ; 
1 fulling m., 1 cotton fac. 500 sp., 2 tanneries, 1 
brewery, 2 printing offices, 2 binderies, 2 weekly 
and 1 semi-weekly newspapers. 1 flouring m., 4 
grist m., 9 saw m., 2 oil m. Cap. in manufac. 
$31,630. 3 sch. 78 scholars. Pop. 1,452. 



hi 



Indian Creek, p-c, Monroe co., Va., 241 w. 
Richmond, 278 W. It has 2 sch. 42 scholars. 
Pop. 572. 

Indian Creek, p-o., Giles co., Tenn., 92 s. 
Nashville, 737 W. 

Indian Creek, p-o., Gallatin co., 111., 176 s. s. 
e. Springfield, 787 W. 

Indian Creek, p-o., Monroe co., Mo., 91 n, 
Jefferson city, 931 W. 

Indian Fields, p-o., Colleton dist., S. C, 82 s. 
Columbia, 588 W. 

Indian Key, p-v., Dade co., Florida. It is 1 
m. s. of New Matacumbe, 75 s. w. Cape Florida, 
75 n. e. Key West. It contains about 7 acres, 
the whole a Madrepore rock. Much of it is im- 
proved as a garden, being covered with a bed of 
mold, drawn up from the channel. It contains 
several dwellings, a superb hotel, and several 
large stores, supported by the wrecking business. 
The climate is healthy and pleasant, and it is be- 
coming a fasliionable place of resort by invalids 
from the n. 

Indian Lake, N. Y., lies in Hamilton co., sur- 
rounded by a wild and mountainous region, the 
peaks of which are from 1,500 to 2,000 feet above 
the surrounding country. It is 4 ms. long and 
1 wide, and abounds with various kinds of 
fish. 

Indian River, hundred, Sussex co., Del. It 
has 4 stores, cap. $1,750 ; 4 grist m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $3,825. 4 sch. 135 scholars. Pop. 1,755. 

Indian River, p-o., Watson t., Lewis co., N. 
Y., 155 N. w. Albany, 454 W. 

Indian, r., N. Y., rises in Lewis co., and passes 
through Jefferson co. into St. Lawrence co., 
where it enters Black lake, through which it 
flows into the Oswegatchie r., and thence into 
the St. Lawrence. 

Indian, r., Flor., is a vast lagoon. Its length, 
from its head branches to Juniper Narrows, is 
about 100 ms. In some places it is 4 ms. wide ; 
in others, not 50 yards. In some extensive 
reaches, it would float a frigate ; at others, 6 feet 
of water can scarcely be found across the chan- 
nel. The depth of water greatly varies at dif- 
ferent seasons, being greatest when the southern 
inlets are closed, before it acquires sufficient 
force to open them. It is on the e. side of the 
peninsula, running nearly parallel with the 
coast. 

Indian, r., N. H., one of the head branches of 
Connecticut r., which it enters a little above the 
45^ of n. lat. after a s. w. course of 30 ms. 

Indian Springs, p-v.. Butts co., Ga., 52 w. 
Milledgeville, 659 W. Situated 10 ms. w. of 
Ocmulgee r., in the fork of 2 creeks, tributaries 
of the Ocmulgee. The waters are sulphurous, 
and efficacious in rheumatic and cutaneous com- 
plaints. It is the most fashionable watering 
place in the state, having a large hotel, capable 
of accommodating 100 persons, besides 30 or 40 
small buildings for families. 

Indian Stream, t., Coos co., N. H. It has 2 
grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,550 ; 3 
sch. 75 scholars. Pop. 315. 

Indian Tavern, p-o., Morgan co., Tenn., 160 
E. Nashville, 552 W. 



IND 297 mp 

INDIAN OR WESTERN TERRITORY. 

The Indian Territory is a tract of country west of the settled portions of the United States, 
wliich has been set apart by the general government, for the permanent residence of those Indian 
tribes that have been removed, chiefly from the southwestern states of the Union. Here they 
are to be secured in governments of their own clioice, subject to no other control from the United 
States, than such as may be necessary to preserve peace on the frontier, and between the several 
tribes. It is about 600 miles long from s. to n., and from 300 to 600 miles in breadth, from e. to w. 
It has the Platte river on the n., the states of Missouri and Arkansas on the e., the Red river on 
the s., and a desert country on the w. This country contains, witlxin the habitable district, an area 
of 120,000 square miles, or 76,800,000 acres. The number of the different tribes now occupying 
this territory, is about 70,000, exclusive of the wild tribes of the prairies. The country, for about 
100 miles west of the eastern boundary, is in general fertile, moderately elevated, and gently un- 
dulating, but not hilly, except in the southeastern parts, where it is traversed by several ranges 
of hilly and elevated lands. The principal rivers are Red river, Canadian, Arkansas, Neosho, 
Kansas, and Platte rivers, with their tributaries. The largest of these rivers rise in the Rocky 
mountains, and flow E. into the Missouri and the Mississippi. A considerable portion of the 
country is prairie, but the margins of the streams are generally covered with wood. Red river 
and the ^kansas are navigable at certain seasons to within the Indian territory by steambqats, 
and the Kansas by boats. The climate of this region is generally healthy, rather cold in the win- 
ter, in the northern part, as it is exposed to an extensive sweep of the west winds, over the vast 
plains, from the mountainous region ; but in the southern part, the winters are mild. All the pro- 
ductions of the United States, of the same latitude, can be here raised ; and the grass on the prairies 
is particularly favorable to the raising of cattle. The country contains coal, some lead and iron ore, 
and many saline springs, from wliich a great amount of salt could be manufactured. Although 
the Indians felt a reluctance to removal, a.s it was natural they should regret leaving the scenery 
of their childhood and the graves of their fathers, yet it will be their own fault, if they do not bet- 
ter their condition by their change of residence. To break up the establishments of incipient 
civilization, and to commence anew, was in itself a great evil ; but removed from the demoralizing 
influence of profligate white men, they are favorably situated for carrying on the work which they 
had successfully begun. 

The Chickas.vws and Ciioctaws, who were kindred tribes on the e. side of the Mississippi, 
dwell together in the same territory in the w. Their country is bounded north by the Canadian 
and Arkansas rivers, e. by the state of Arkansas, s. by the Red river, and w. by the western ter- 
ritory of the United States. Their country is about 200 miles long, and 150 broad. The Choc- 
taws are extensively engaged in agriculture, and have^ood houses and well fenced fields. They 
raise large quantities of Indian corn ; and in the southern part, considerable cotton. They have 7 
cotton guis, and several grist and saw mills have been erected on Red river and other streams ; 
and they raise large stocks of cattle, horses, sheep, and swine. They are governed by a written 
constitution and laws. The nation is divided into 4 districts, each of which elects a cliief every 4 
years. The general council, consisting of 40' members, meets on the first Monday of October 
annually, and is chosen by the qualified voters of each district. The council passes all laws, and 
the chiefs have a veto power, which can be overruled by a vote of the council, of two thirds. 
When the council assembles, a speaker is chosen, and clerks are appointed to record the proceed- 
ings, and the speaker is addressed, and the business transacted with the customary forms of legis- 
lative proceedings. The council generally continues in session about two weeks, and the mem- 
bers are paid from the funds of the nation, 2 dollars a day. They have a large and commodious 
council house. The nation is divided into judicial districts, and a trial by jury and appeal to the 
highest judicial tribunal are allowed. There is no enforcement of the payment of debts; but this 
is left to their honor, wliich is generally sufficient. The military department of the nation is 
intrusted to a general, elected by the people, with 32 captains in each district. Spinning and 
weaving are carried on in many parts of the nation ; blacksmiths are furnished by the United States, 
by treaty stipulations, — many of the principals, and all the assistants, belonging to the nation. 
The Choctaws may be regarded as among the most intelligent of the Indian tribes ; and it is their 
boast, that they never shed the blood of an American in war, but have often entered the military 
service of the United States. Such a tribe may well be regarded as an important barrier on the 
western frontier. 

The Chickasaws have settled promiscuously among the Choctaws ; and by an agreement be- 
tween the tribes, the Chickasaws were to have the privilege of forming a district within the 
Choctaw nation, governed by the same laws, and now form the fourth district, with a proportional 
representation in the national council. They receive their annuity separately. The American 
Board of Foreign Missions have 5 stations, 4 missionaries, and 10 assistants among the tribes ; the 
Baptists have 1 station, the Methodists 1 station, and the Presbyterians have 4 stations. 
3S 



IND 298 IND 

The Creeks inhabit a country bounded on the n. and e. by that of the Cherokees ; and s. by tliat 
of the Choctaws and Chickasaws, from which it is separated by the Canadian river. Their coun- 
try is fertile, producing Indian com, beans, potatoes, rice, wheat, pumpkins, melons, &c. Indian 
com is their principal crop, and they furnish large quantities to the garrison at Fort Gibson ; and 
as they are industrious, they have supplied themselves with comfortable houses, productive gardens 
and orchards, and well tilled fields. They generally associate in towns, and cultivate their lands 
ill common. The government of the United States has furnished them with a stock of animals, 
according to treaty stipulations, consisting of cattle and hogs, and they will be able hereafter to 
supply themselves. Blacksmiths, wheelwrights, and wagon makers, are furnished by treaty. 
Their country is not so well watered or healthy as that of their neiglibors, but is equally productive. 
The western winds from the prairies are cold in winter, and they sometimes suffer from drought in 
summer. They have elected a principal chief, and are engaged in building a council house, 
where representatives of the whole people will meet annually to pass laws. The Baptists have 2 
missionary stations, the Board of Foreign Missions 1, and the Methodists 1, among the Creeks. 

The Seminoles are considered a constituent part of the Creek nation, speaking the same lan- 
guage, and many of them are the same people. They are by agreement located with the Creeks, 
between the Arkansas and the Deep Fork of the Canadian river, above the Clierokee settlement. 
They have made some improvements, and raised some com ; but in general, are averse to labor. 
They have a blacksmith, under treaty stipulations. They are so well satisfied with their country, 
that they are anxious that their brethren who remain in Florida, and have been maintaining a 
hopeless contest with the United States, may be induced to join them. The slaves that they have 
been permitted to bring into the country, have been an occasion of difficulty. 

The country assigned to the Cherokees, is n. and e. of that assigned to the Creeks. They 
have advanced further in civilization than the other tribes. They have a fine agricultural country, 
comfortable houses, and well cultivated farms, producing in abundance the necessaries of life ; and 
they raise large stocks of cattle and many fine horses, for which their extensive prairies enable 
them abundantly to provide. They have but few mills, as their streams, at certain seasons, fail 
Salt springs exist, and salt is extensively manufactirrcd. The Cherokees are governed by written 
laws : they select annually, members to the general comicil, wiiich meets on the first Monday in 
October annually ; they have two branches, consisting of an upper and lower house. A speaker 
and clerk are elected, and the usual forms in legislative bodies are observed. Courts are hekl 
throughout the nation, which is laid out in judicial districts. They have sheriffs, and otiier officers, 
and collect debts in the customary way, reserving certain property, such as a bed, a work horse, a 
cow, &c. from execution. They to a considerable extent, manufacture their own clothing, dress 
in the English mode, and speak the English language. They have blacksmiths, wheelwrights, and 
wagon makers, furnished by the government, and a large sum vested by the United States, from 
which they receive a handsome annuity, the result of the sale of their lands e. of the Mississippi, 
and applied to the advancement of their improvement. The Board of Foreign Missions have 5 
stations, 4 missionaries, and other assistants, making the whole number 24. Tliey have also a 
printing press. The United Brethern have also a mission among them. 

The OsAGES are an indigenous tribe, occupying a territory n. of the Cherokees. The United 
States have labored, by supplying them with agricultural implements, and stock animals, and 
erecting mills, and supplying blacksmitlis, to persuade them to a settled life, and to industrious 
habits, which would secure in abundance, in their fertile country, the comforts of life. But they are 
averse to these things, and, in general, prefer their wandering habits ; and as the buffaloes are re- 
treating to the west of their lands, they frequently kill the cattle of their neighbors. A few of 
these, however, are of a different mind ; and their industry, and tlie comforts which it will secure, 
may persuade their brethern to follow their example. The Osages are among the least civilized 
of the Indians in the territory, and are not inclined to education. 

The SiiAWNEEs occupy the country between the Osage and Kansas rivers, and are an industrious, 
frugal, and agricultural people, and have good farms, producing in abundance, Indian com, wheat, 
oats, and a variety of culinary vegetables ; and they raise stocks of horses, cattle, and hogs. They 

have a blacksmith, furnished by treaty stipulation, and a grist and saw mill. The Senecas are 

mingled with them. The Methodists and Baptists have missionary stations among them, and the 

latter have a printing press. 

W«st of the Missouri, and n. of the Shawnces, are the Delavvares. They resemble the 

Shawnees, and liave Methodist and Baptist missions among them. 
The Kansas are an indigenous tribe between tlie Shawnees and the Delawares ; and like the 

generality of those tribes, are indolent and poor. 

The Pawnees, the Omaha ws, and the Ottoes, who inhabit the country about the Platte river, 

are native tribes, who retain much of their original habits, and are little advanced in civilization, 

but are beginning to desire it. Tiie Baptists and Methodists liave missionary stations among them. 



IND 



299 



IND 



INDIANS 
In the Territory of the United States, east of the Rocky Mountains. 

TABLE SHOWING THE NUMBER AND CONDITION OF THE SEVERAL TRIBES, 

Nov. 25th, 1841 



NAMES OF TRIBES. 



3 5jd*-» 



11 QJ 

" o . 

O c ~ 









V. S C 

■9 6^^ 
S.S S 
3 S »; 
Z*rt o 
Eg 



Appachees, ........ 

Arickarees, 

Arrapahas, 

Assinaboins, 

Blackfeet, 

Caddoes, 

Camanches, 

Cherokees, 

Cheyenes, ........ 

Chickasaws, • 

Chippewas, Ottowas, and Pottawatomies, and Potta- 
watomies of Indiana, ..... 

Choctaws, 

Creeks, 

Crees, 

Crows, 

Delawares, 

Eutaws, 

Florida Indians,* 

Foxes, 

Gros Ventres, 

lowas, 

Kansas, 

Kickapoos, 

Kioways, 

Mandans,t 

Miamies, 

Minatarees, 

Menomonies, 

Omahas, 

Ottowas and Chippewas, 

Ottowas and Chippewas of the Lakes, . 

Ottowas of Maumee, 

Ottoes and Missourias, 

Osages, . 

Pagans, 

Pawnees, 

Peorias and Kaskaskias, 

Piankeshaws, 

Poncas, 

Quapaws, 

Sacs, 

Sacs of the Missouri, 

Senecas and Sliawnees, 

Senecas from Sandusky, 

Shawnees, 

Sioux, 

Stockbridges and Munsees, Delawares and Munsees, 
Swan Creek and Black river Chippewas, 

Weas, 

Winnebagoes, 

Wyandots of Ohio, 

New York Indians, 

Total, 342,058. 



20,280 
2,750 
3,000 

15,000 

30,000 
2,000 

19,200 

3,200 



3,000 
7,200 

19,200 

1,600 

16,800 

1,500 

1,606 

1,800 



2,000 
1,600 



1,000 

5,120 

30,000 

12,500 



900 

476 

4,800 

500 



21,600 



826 



588 



132 
162 



211 

251 
1,272 



225 
4,500 



25,911 

4,600 

5,297 

15,177 
24,594 



3,192 



482 



180 
62 



228,632 



1,000 

400 

2,087 

3,323 
744 



575 



1100 

4,000 

5,026 

2,564 

92 



14 

88 



575 
4,176 



8,167 I 79,495 | 25,764 



* 623 Florida Indians removed since 25th Nov. 1840. 9 died on the journey, 
t Destroyed by the small-pox in 1837. The few left, no longer exist as a tribe, but have become 
members of other bands. 



low 



300 



lOW 



Indian Town, p-v., Currituck co., N. C, 23'i 
E. N. E. Rsileigh, 280 W. Situated at the head 
of North r. 

Indian Town, p-v., Williamsburg dist., S. C, 
118 E. s. E. C'clum'oia, 480 W. Situated on Ce- 
dar cr. 

Industry, p-t., Franklin co.. Me., 34 n. w. 
Augusta, 627 W. Sandy r. runs acrcss its s. e. 
part. The soil is fertile, adapted to grain, with 
excellent meadow on tlie r. Incorporated in 
1803. It has 4 stores, cap. $.5,200 ; 2 tanneries, 
3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,2G0. 
9 sch. 304 scholars. Pop. 1,036. 

Industry, p-v., Beaver co.. Pa., 234 w. by n. 
Harrisburg. 

Ineajjar, t., Lafayette co.. Mo. It has 1 sch. 
19 scholars. Pop. 302. 

Ingham, county, Mich. Centrally situated 
toward the s. part of the state, and contains 560 
sq. ms. Organized in 1833. It contains Pine, 
Portage, and Swampy lakes, and Red Cedar, Wil- 
low, Mud, and Sycamore creeks. The surface 
is generally level, and the soil fertile. The prin- 
cipal timber is sugar maple and beech. Capital, 
Vevay. There were in 1840, neat cattle 2,516, 
sheep 172, swine 4,358 ; wheat 23,127 bush, pro- 
duced, Indian corn 18,923, oats 10,947, potatoes 
24,951, sugar 37,782 pounds ; 4 stores, cap. $4,800 ; 
1 tannery, 1 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$12,700. 13 sch. 267 scholars. Pop. 2,498. 

Ingham, p-t., Ingham co., Mich., 77 w. Detroit, 
563 W. 

Ingles Ferry, p-v., Montgomery co., Va., 215 
w. by s. Richmond, 283 W. It has 2 sch. 40 
scholars. Pop. 273. 

Inland, p-o., Starke co., O., 126 n. e. Colum- 
bus, 326 W. 

Inlet, p-o., Jo-Daviess co.. 111., 174 n. by w. 
Springfield, 808 W. 



Intercourse, p-v., Leacock t., Lancaster co., 
Pa., 48 E. by s. Harrisburg, 123 W. It contains 
10 or 12 dwellings. 

Intercourse, p-o., Sumter co., Ala., 83 s. w. 
Tuscaloosa, 901 W. 

Inverness, p-o., Columbiana co., O., 146 n. e. 
Columbus, 278 W. 

loLA, p-v., Calhoun co., Flor., 58 s. s. w. Tal- 
lahassee. Situated on the w. side of the Appa- 
lachicola r. A railroad connects it with St. Jo- 
seph on the Gulf coast, distant 30 ms. 

Ionia, county, Mich. Centrally situated to- 
ward the w. part of the state, and contains 576 
sq. ms. The surface is gently undulating ; soil, 
very fertile. Drained by Grand r. and its branch- 
es. Capital, Ionia. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 1,866, sheep 270, swine 3,202 ; wheat 32,382 
bush, produced, Ind. corn 14,784, oats 16,965, po- 
tatoes 23,500, sugar 35,635 pounds ; 6 stores, cap. 
.$26,000 ; 2 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$38,350. 8 schools, 290 scholars. Population, 
1,923. 

Ionia, p-t., capital of Ionia co., Mich., 136 w. 
N. w. Detroit, 623 W. The t. is on both sides 
of Grand r., by which and its tributaries it is wa- 
tered. The V. is situated on the n. side of Grand 
r., which is navigable for boats to tlii.s place. The 
county buildings are about being erected. It con- 
tains 1 Episcopal and 1 Baptist church, a U. S 
land office, several stores, 60 dwellings, and about 
300 inhabitants. The t. has 3 stores, cap. .$18,200 ; 
1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufactures, 
$25,150. 2 schools, 140 scholars. Population, 
486. 

Ionia, v., Morgan co., ftlo. Situated on the w. 
side of Moreau cr. 

Iosco, t., Livingston co., Mich. It has 1 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $1,200. 5 sch. 103 schol- 
ars. Pop. 395. 



IOWA TERRITORY. 

Iowa Territory is boimded on the n. by the British Territory of the Hudson Bay Company, 
E. by Wisconsin Territory and Illinois, from whicli it is separated by the Mississippi river, and a 
line due north from its source in Itasca lake to the British Possessions ; s. by the state of Mis- 
souri ; and w. by the Missouri river to the entrance of White-earth river, and following this N. to 
the British Possessions. It lies between 40° 30' and 49° n. lat., and between 90° and 102° w. Ion., 
and between 14° and 26° w. Ion. from W. It is about 600 miles long, and, at a medium, 250 miles 
broad, containing about 150,000 square miles, or 96,000,000 acres. To a considerable portion of this 
territory the Indian title has not yet been extinguished. The population in 1840 was 43,111. Em- 
ployed in agriculture, 10,469 ; in commerce, 355 ; in manufactures and trades, 1,629 ; in mining, 
217 ; navigating the ocean, rivers, and canals, 91 ; learned professions, 365. 

This territory is divided into 18 counties, which, with their population in 1840, and their capitals, 
were as follows: Cedar, 1,253, Tipton; Clayton, 1,101, Prairie la Porte; Clinton, 821, Co- 
manche; Delaware, 168, Delaware C. H. ; Desmoines, 5,577, Burlington; Du Buque, 3,059, 
Du Buque ; Henry, 3,772, Mt. Pleasant; Jackson, 1,411, Bellevue ; Jekferson, 2,773, Fairfield ; 
Johnson, 1,491, Iowa City ; Jones, 471, Edinburg; Lee, 6,093, Ft. Madison; Linn, 1,373, Marion; 
Louisa, 1,927, Wappello; Muscatine, 1,942, Bloomington ; Scott, 2,140, Davenport ; Van Buren, 
6,146, Keosagua ; Washington, 1,594, Washington. Iowa City, on Iowa river, 33 miles w. n. w. 
of Bloomington, is the capital. 

The face of the country is moderately uneven, without any mountains or high hills. There is a 
tract of considerably elevated table land, which extends through a considerable part of the territory, 
dividing the waters which fall into the Mississippi from those which fall into the Missouri. The 
margins of the rivers and creeks, extending back from 1 to 10 miles, are generally covered with 
timber, and back of this the country is an open prairie, witliout trees ; and by the frequent alterna- 
tions of these two descriptions of land, the country is greatly diversified. The prairies cover nearly 
three fourth.s of the surface of the territory, and, although they are destitute of trees, present a great 
variety in other respects. Some have a level, and others a rolling surface : some are covered with 
a rich coat of grass, well suited for grazing ; in others, this is interspersed with hazel thickets and 
eaesafras shrubs, and, in the proper season, superbly decorated with beautiful flowers The soil. 



low 301 lOW 

both on the bottom and prairie land, is generally good, consisting of a deep black mold, intermin- 
gled in the prairies with sandy loam, and sometimes with a red clay and gravel. The agricul- 
tmul productions are Indian corn, wheat, rye, oats, buckwheat, potatoes, pumpkins, melons, and 
all kinds of garden vegetables. Tlie soil and climate are favorable to the cultivation of fruit ; and 
crab-apples, wild plums, strawberries, and grapes, are indigenous and abundant. 

The agricultural statistics of this recently settled territory in 1840, give a favorable view of its 
capabilities. There were 10,794 horses and mules; 38,049 neat cattle; 15,354 sheep; 104,899 
swine ; poultry to the value of $16,529. There were produced 154,693 bushels of wheat ; 728 of 
barley ; 216,335 of oats ; 3,792 of rye ; 6,212 of buckwheat ; 1,406,241 of Indian corn ; 23,039 lbs. 
of wool ; 2,132 of wax ; 234,063 bushels of potatoes ; 17,953 tons of hay ; 313 of hemp and flax ; 
8,076 pounds of tobacco ; 41,450 of sugar. The products of the dairy were valued at $23,609 ; of 
the orchard, $50; of lumber, $50,280. Value of skins and furs, $33,594. 

The climate, excepting some low bottom lands on die rivers and streams, is salubrious ; the 
streams are not sluggish, and, therefore, their borders are more healthy than in some portions of 
the western country. Winter commences in December, and ends in March; the weather is 
variable, and sometimes severe, but less so than is common in the same latitude. Summer is not 
oppressively hot, and is refreshed by frequent showers. 

A portion of Iowa is exceedingly rich as a mineral region. The great lead country of the north- 
ern part of Illinois, and the southern part of Wisconsin, crosses the Mississippi, and in Iowa com- 
prehends about 80 townships, containing 2,880 square miles. It borders upon the Little Makoqueta 
river, about 12 miles from e. to w., and extends a considerable distance s., and still further N. along 
the Mississippi. Zinc and iron ore also abound in this region ; some of the latter is magnetic. 
Limestone is abundant, and there is some beautiinl marble. 

The Mississippi borders this territory for its whole length on the E., and is navigable in time of 
high water for steamboats to the mouth of St. Peter's. St. Peter's river rises near the sources of 
Red river, and, after a course of 230 miles, enters the Mississippi 9 miles below the falls of St. 
Anthony. The Des Moines river runs in the southern part of the territory, and, forming a part of 
its s. w. boundary, enters the Mississippi. In high water it is navigable for steamboats 100 miles, 
and for keel-boats at all times. Checauque, or Skunk river, after a course of 150 miles, enters the 
Mississippi. Iowa river is 300 miles long, and is navigable for steamboats 12 miles from its en- 
trance into the Mississippi, and for keel-boats to Iowa City. Red Cedar, the main branch of the 
Iowa, is navigable for keel-boats, in high water, 100 miles above its junction. The Wapsipinecon has 
a winding and rapid course 200 miles to its entrance into the Mississippi, and affords much good 
water power. The Makoqueta bounds the mineral region on the s., and enters the Mississippi, 
furnishing in its course the best water power in the territory. Turkey river, after a course of 150 
miles, enters the Mississippi. It is not navigable. James and Sioux rivers enter into the Missouri. 
Red nver, wliich rises near the head waters of the Mississippi, runs northwardly into Lake Winni- 
peg, and finally into Hudson's bay. 

Burlington, on the Mississippi, 1,429 miles above New Orleans, is a place of much trade. Du 
Buque is the metropolis of the mineral region. Fort Madison, and Bloomington, and Davenport, on 
the Mississippi, are places of considerable business ; and Iowa City, in the interior, the seat of gov- 
ernment, is a growing place. 

There were in 1840, 14 commission houses engaged in foreign trade, with a capital of $93,300 ; 
157 retail drygoods and other stores, with a capital of $437,550 ; 29 persons were employed in the 
lumber trade, with a capital of $16,250 ; home-made, or family manufactures, were produced to 
the amount of $25,966 ; 3 tanneries, with a capital of $4,400; 2 distilleries, cap. $1,500; 6 flourin<T 
m., 37 grist m., 75 saw m., the whole employing a capital of $166,650 ; 14 brick and stone, and 483 
wooden houses, were built at an expense of $135,987 ; 4 printing offices, and 4 weekly newspapers, 
employed a capital of $5,700. Total capital in manufactures, $199,645. 

The University of Iowa, at Mt. Pleasant, in Henry county, has been chartered by the territorial 
legislature, under the duection of 21 trustees. 7 academies have been incorporated. In 1840, 1 
academy was in operation, with 25 students. There were 63 common and primary schools, with 
1,500 scholars. 

The Methodists, Baptists, and Presbyterians, are the most numerous religious denominations. 
There are some Episcopalians, Friends, and lioman Catholics, and a few others. 

The chief Indian tribes of this region are the Sacs and Foxes, the Chippewas, Ottawas, and Pot- 
tawatomies. The Sioux also inhabit the n. part of the territory. 

In 1838 Iowa was separated from Wisconsin, and has since had a distinct territorial government. 
The governor and secretary of the territory, the judges, U. S. attorney and marshal, are appointed 
by the president of the U. S., with the advice and consent of the senate. The governor, who is 
also superintendent of Indian affair-s, is appointed for 3 years. A council, or senate, of 13 members, 
and a house of representatives, of 26 members, are elected by the people ; the former once in 2 
years, the latter amiually. All citizens of the U. S., over 21 years of age, who have resided in 



IRA 



302 



IRV 



the territory 6 months immediately preceding the election, have the right of suffrage. Every 2 
years the people elect a delegate to the U. S. congress. 

In 1832 this country was purchased of the Indians, and in 1833 the territory began to be settled 
by white emigrants. Since that time the population has greatly increased, towns have been built, 
and improvement has rapidly progressed. 



Iowa, county. Wis. Situated in the s. w. part 
of the ter., and contains 1,300 sq. ms. In the n., 
several small streams flow into the Wisconsin r., 
which bounds it on the n. Drained in the s. part 
by Pekatonokee and F6ve rs. It has some fine 
prairies, and lead and copper ore are abundant. 
Capital, Mineral Point. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 4,567, sheep 583, swine 7,618 ; wheat 12,945 
bush, produced, Lidian corn 76,885, barley 2,424, 
oats 147,782, potatoes 49,382 ; 21 stores, capital 
$32,100 ; 30 smelting houses, producing 8,909,000 
pounds of lead, and employing 128 persons, with 
a capital of $106,500 ; 1 distillery, 1 flouring m., 
4 grist m., 7 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly 
newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $24,350. 15 sch. 
278 scholars. Pop. 3,978. 

Iowa, p-o,, Perry co., DL, 149 s. Springfield, 
824 W. 

Iowa City, p-v., capital of Johnson co. and of 
the ter. of Iowa, 33 w. n. w. Bloomington, 86 s. s. 
w. Du Buque, 75 n. by w. Burlington. Situated 
on the E. bank of Iowa r., which is navigable for 
boats to this place at all stages o{ the water. The 
water of the r. is clear and pure, the banks are 
high and dry, and the neighlwrhood furnishes 
fine building stone and excellent timber. This 
place was the hunting ground of the Indian until 
1839. The first plateau from the r., half a mile 
long and 100 yards wide, is devoted to a public 
promenade. The second elevation is about 12, 
and the third about 30 feet, above the promenade. 
Upon the brow of the last runs Capitol-street, 120 
feet wide, and is met at right angles by Iowa ave- 
nue, of equal width. The Capitol, on Capitol-st., 
fronting Iowa avenue, is of Grecian-Doric archi- 
tecture, 120 feet long by 60 feet wide, and 2 sto- 
ries high above the basement. It is surmounted 
by a dome resting on 22 Corinthian columns. Its 
situation is commanding. The v. has a church, 
11 stores of different kinds, 150 dwellings, and 
about 800 inhabitants. 

lowAviLLE, p-o.. Van Buren co., Iowa. 
Ipswich, p-t., port of entry, and one of the 
capitals of Essex co., Mass., 26 n. e. by N. Bos- 
ton, 466 W. The surface is uneven, and the soil 
fertile. Incorporated ui 1634. Watered by Ips- 
wich r. The v. is pleasantly situated on both 
sides of Ipswich r., 2 ras. from its mouth, over 
which is a stone bridge. It contains a court house, 
jail, a bank with $1(X),000 capital, 4 churches — 2 
Congregational, 1 Unitarian, and 1 Methodist — 
and a female seminary, incorporated in 1828, 
which has been long celebrated, particularly for 
the preparation of teachers. The r. is navigable 
to this place, aad a number of vessels are engaged 
in the coasting trade and the fisheries. The falls, 
immediately above tidewater, afford extensive 
water power. Tonnage 1840, 3,739. It has 7 
stores, cap. $75,000 ; 1 lumber yard, cap. $4,000 ; 
1 fuUuig m., 2 cotton fac. 2,640 sp., 4 tamieries. 
Cap. in manufac. $110,800. 2 acad. 90 students, 
9 sch. 966 scholars. Pop. 3,000. 

Ira, p-t., Rutland co., Vt., 70 s. s. w. Montpe- 
lier,448W. Organized in 1779. The surface is 
mountainous ; soil well adapted to grazing. Water- 
ed by Castleton r., Ira brook, and Furnace brook, 
which atlord good water power. It has a Baptist 
church, 2 saw m., 5 sch. 152 scholars. Pop. 431. 
r,A\\'r p-t- C'^y^g^ ^O' N. Y., 169 w. Albany, 
355 W. Ihe surface is undulating; soil, sandy 



loam, and generally fertile. The v. contains 1 
Presbyterian church, 2 stores, 25 dwelhngs, and 
about 150 inhabitants. The t. has 5 stores, cap. 
$16,000 ; 1 furnace, 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 4 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $4,800. 16 sch. 795 schol- 
ars. Pop. 2,283. 

Ira, t, St. Clair co., Mich. Pop. 204. 

Irasburg, p-t., capital of Orleans co., Vt., 45 n. 
by E. Montpelier, 561 W. The surface is undu- 
lating ; soil, generally fertile. Watered by Black 
and Barton rs. Named from Gen. Ira Allen, its 
original proprietor, and incorporated in 1781. The 
V. contains a court house, jail, 1 or 2 stores, and 
several mechanic shops. The t. has 2 stores, cap. 
$9,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 2 saw 
m. Cap, in manufac. $16,600. 10 sch. 371 schol- 
ars. Pop. 971. 

Irbyville, p-o., De Kalb co., Ga. 

Iredell, county, N. C. Situated toward the 
w. part of the state, and contains 800 sq. miles. 
Catawba r. runs on its s. w. border. Drained by 
branches of South Yadkin r. Capital, Statesville. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 15,770, sheep 
14,654, swine 39,025 ; wheat 109.444 bush, pro- 
duced, rye 6,419, Ind. corn 677,811, oats 98,362, 
potatoes 22,539, tobacco 30,454 pounds, cotton 
1,511,719; 17 stores, cap. $63,850; 14 tanneries, 
150 distilleries, 26 flouring m., 34 grist m., 19 saw 
m., 3 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $146,025. 2 acad. 
120 students, 1 sch. 25 scholars. Pop. whites 
11,930, slaves 3,716, free colored 39; total, 
15,685. 

Ireland, p-o,, Hampden co., Mass., 101 w. s. 
w. Boston, 371 W. 

Irish Ripple, p-o., Beaver co.. Pa., 241 w. 
Harrisburg, 267 W. 

Iron Creek, p-o., Washtenaw co., Mich., 57 
w. Detroit, 521 W. 

iRONDEauoiT, p-t, Monroe co., N. Y., 5 n. 
Rochester, 223 w. by n. Albany, 373 W. The 
surface is generally level ; soil, sandy and grav- 
elly loam. Genesee r. bounds it on the w., and 
Irondequoit bay of Lake Ontario on the e. It has 
Lake Ontario on its n. border. It has 2 grist m. 
Cap. in manufac. $1,200. 3 sch. 186 scholars. 
Pop. 1,252. 

Irondequoit, cr. and bay, N. Y. The bay 
sets up from Lake Ontario, 6 miles long and 1 
wide. The cr. enters the head of the bay, and 
affords water power. 

Iron Furnace, p-o., Scioto co., O., 105 s. Co- 
lumbus. 

Iron Works, p-o., Cass co., Ga. 

Iroquois, county. 111. Situated in the e. part 
of the state, and contains 1,428 sq. ms. Drained 
by Iroquois r., and its branches. Sugar and Spring 
creeks, and Kankakee r. A large proportion of 
the land is prairie, and much of it is fertile. 
Capital, Montgomery. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 2,892, sheep 2,453, swine 7,805 ; wheat 
15,684 bush, produced, Indian com 116,790, oats 
41,428, potatoes 8,281, sugar 17,464 pounds; 7 
stores, cap. $19,800 ; 1 tannery, 1 pottery, 2 grist 
m., 3 saw m. Cap. m manufac. $6,700. 7 sch. 
110 scholars. Pop. 1,695. 

Iroquois, p-v., Iroquois county. 111., 180 n. e. 
Springfield, 682 W. Situated on the s. side of 
Iroquois r. It contains 5 stores, and 25 or 30 
dwellings. 

Irville, p-v., Licking t., Muskingum co., C, 



ISL 



303 



ITH 



56 E. Columbus, 349 W. It contains 1 store, 22 
dwellings, and about 125 inhabitants. 

Irvine, p-o., Broken Straw t., Warren co.. Pa., 
2I5 N. w. Ilarrisbuvg, 307 W. 

Irvine, p-v., capital of Estill co., Ky., 68 s. e. 
Frankfort, 531 VV. Situated on tlie n. side of 
Kentucky r., and contains a coiu-t house and 200 
inhabitants. 

Irving's Store, p-o., Weakly co., Term., 114 
w. Nashville, 800 W. 

Irving, p-v., and port of entry, Hanover t., 
Chautauque co., N. Y. Situated on Cattaraugus 
cr., at its entrance into Lake Erie. It has a good 
landing, 1 store, 1 warehouse, and 8 or 10 dwell- 
ings. The United States have commenced im- 
proving the harbor. 

Irving, v., Greenburgh t., Westchester co., N. 
Y., 26 N. New York. Situated on the e. side of 
Hud.son r. It has a good landing, and about 20 
dwellings. Tappan Bay, the Palisades, and the 
Highlands, present a various and picturesque 
prospect. 

Irvingsville, p-v., Franklin co., Mass., 76 w. 
N. w. Boston, 414 W. 

Irwin, county, Ga. Situated in the s. part of 
the slate, and contains 2,079 sq. ms. Drained by 
branches of Alapahaw, Suwannee, Withlacoo- 
chee, and Ocklockony rivers. Capital, Irwin- 
vilie. There were in 1840, neat cattle 14,529, 
sheep 1,223, swine 9,374 ; wheat 2,992 bush, pro- 
duced, Indian corn 33,548, potatoes 11,172, rice 
1,782 pounds, cotton 21,100, sugar 29,770 ; 4 
stores, cap. .f 9,139; 1 flouring m., 4 grist m., 1 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,500. 1 sch. 23 
scholars. Pop. whites, 1,772, slaves 266 ; total, 
2,038. 

Irwin, t, Venango co.. Pa., 12 s. w. Frankhn 
b. The surface is level ; soil, loam. Drained 
by Scrub Grass or. It has 1 store, cap. $1,500 ; 
2 tanneries, 1 pottery, 4 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $14,700. 4 sch. 141 scholars. Pop. 1,111. 

Irwi.nto.\, p-v., capital, Wilkinson co., Ga., 20 
s. JVIilledgeville, 668 W. Situated on a gravelly 
ridge, between Commissioner's and Big Sandy 
creeks, 4 ms. w. of the Oconee r. It contains a 
court house, an academy, 1 Baptist and 1 Meth- 
odist church, several stores, and 30 dwellings. 

Irwinton, p-v., Barbour co., Ala., 201 n. e. 
Tuscaloosa, 809 W. 

Irwinville, v., capital of Irwin co., Ga., 105 
s. Milledgeville. Situated on the e. side of 
Alapahaw r. It has a court house, jail, and a few 
dwellings. 

1S.4BELLA, county, Mich. Situated in the n. 
portion of the settled part of the peninsula, and 
contains 576 sq. ras. Watered by Chippewa and 
Salt rivers. It is unorganized, and attached to 
Ionia for judicial purposes. 

Island Creek, p-t., Jefferson co., O., 145 e. 
by N. Columbus, 271 W. 

Island Ford, p-o., Rutherford co., N. C, 231 
w. by s. Raleigh, 468 W. 

Island Town, p-o., Chattooga co., Ga., 185 n. 
w. Milledgeville, 648 W. 

Isleborough, p-t., Waldo co.. Me., 54 e. Au- 
gusta, 643 W. It consists of a large, and several 
smaller islands, in Penobscot r., opposite to North- 
port and Lincolnville. It has a lertife soil, and 
good harbors. It has 1 store, cap. $1,000 ; 5 sch. 
287 scholars. Pop. 777. 

Isle au Haut, p-o., Hancock co., Me., 73 e. 
s. E. Augusta, 663 W. Situated on an island in 
the Atlantic, s. of Deer island. 

Isle la Mott, Grand Isle co., Vt. Incorpo- 
rated in 1779. Received the name of Vineyard 
in 1802. It is 13 w. of St. Albans, in Lake Cham- 
plain. It has 1 store, cap. $1,500. Pop. 435 



Isle of Shoals, N. H. and Me. They con- 
sist of 8 small islands. Star island, containing 
350 acres, constitutes the t. of Gosport, and be- 
longs to Rockingham co., N. H. The line be- 
tween N. H. and Me. passes between them. 
There is but little arable soil upon them, and 
they are inhabited chiefly by fishermen. 

Isle of Wight, county, Va. Situated in the 
s. E. part of the state, and contains 400 sq. miles. 
Blackwater r. bounds it on the w., and James r. 
on the N. E. Capital, Isle of Wight C. H. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 6,351, sheep 480, swine 
22,990 ; wheat 4,136 bush, produced, Indian corn 
291,155, oats 29,193, potatoes 77,092. cotton 30,831 
pounds ; 31 stores, cap. $67,225 ; 1 tannery, 295 
distilleries, 19 giist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $35,890. 1 acad. 31 students, 28 sch. 369 
scholars. Pop. whites 4,918, slaves 3,786, free 
col'd 1,263 ; total 9,972. 

IsLip, p-t., Suffolk CO., N. Y., 191 s. by E. Al- 
bany, 271 W. The surface is level ; soil, light 
and sandy. The Atlantic ocean bounds it on the 
s., and along its shores are fish and wild game of 
different kinds. The v. contains 2 churches and 
a number of scattered dwellings. There are in 
tlie t. 5 stores, cap. $13,400 ; 1 lumber yard, cap. 
$1,000 ; 2 tanneries, 1 paper fac, 1 grist m. Cap. 
in manufac. $20,000. 10 sch. 577 scholars. Pop 
1,909. 

IsNEY, p-o., Washington co., Ala., 157 s. s. e. 
Tuscaloosa, 971 W. 

Isone's Store, p-o., Maury co., Tenn., 50 s. 
by w. Nashville, 727 W. 

Israel's Mills, p-o., Chester co., Pa., 58 e. 
by s. Harrisburg, HOW. 

Israel, t., Preble co., O. Organized in 1818. 
The soil is fertile, well watered, and well culti- 
vated. Pop. 1,547. 

Israel's, r., N. H., a small stream which rises 
in the White mountains, and flows into Connect- 
icut r., at Lancaster. 

Italy, t., Yates co., N. H., 15 w. Penn Yan, 198 
w. by s. Albany. The surface is uneven ; soil, 
clay loam. Canandaigua lake lies on its n. w. 
part. Drained by Flint cr. It has 1 store, cap. 
$2,300 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 10 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. .$16,885. 9 sch. 496 
scholars. Pop. 1,634. 

Italy Hill, p-o., Italy t., Yates co., N. Y., 
204 w. Albany, 320 W. 

Italy Hollow, p-o., Italy t., Yates co., N. Y., 
207 w. Albany, 323 W. 

Itawamba, county. Miss. Situated in the N, 
K. part of the state, and contains 900 sq. miles. 
Drained by the head branches of Tombigbee r. 
Surface, undulating; soil, fertile. Capital, Ful- 
ton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 12,301, 
sheep 1,909, swine 16,142; wheat 8,101 bushels 
produced, Ind. corn 203,252, oats 5,590, potatoes 
10,318, tobacco 8,719 pounds, cotton 270,970 ; 6 
stores, cap. $24,660 ; 1 tannery, 2 distilleries, 10 
grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,430. 7 
sch. 124 sch^jiars. Pop. whites 4,652, slaves 720, 
free col'd 3 ; total, 5,375. 

Ithaca, p-t., and capital of Tompkins co., N. 
Y., 162 w. by s. Albany, 40 s. E. Geneva, 295 
W. The v. is situated on a plain U ra. s. of the 
liead of Cayuga lake. Cayuga inlet, a small cr., 
passes through the v., and is navigable for large 
canal boats from the lake. The plaui on wliich 
the v. chiefly stands is surrounded on 3 sides by 
an amphitheatre of hills, whicli rise by a gentle 
ascent to the height of 500 feet, and a part of the 
V. lies on the hill, commanding an extensive 
view of Cayuga lake, and the surrounding coun- 
try. The V. is regularly laid out, with streets 
crossing each otlier at right angles. It contains 



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about 700 houses, a court house and jail in the 
same building, a county clerk's office, 6 church- 
es — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Dutch Reformed, 1 Episco- 
pal, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, and 1 African — a 
flourisliing academy, and a lyceum. Clinton 
hotel is one of the largest and most splendid 
establishments of the kind in the state. Fall cr., 
Cascadilla cr., and Six Mile cr., in descending 
from the liills, have falls that furnish a very ex- 
tensive water power, which is employed in man- 
ufacturing establishments. Fall cr. descends 438 
feet in the course of a mile, having 3 successive 
falls — one of 70 feet, another of 50 feet, and a 
third, which is peculiarly grand, of 116 feet — in 
an unbroken sheet. Other falls in the vicinity 
are little less surprising. 

Its commercial advantages are very great. 
Through Cayuga lake and Seneca canal it com- 
municates with the Erie canal on the n., and by 
the Ithaca and Owego railroad, 30 miles long, it 
communicates with Owego and the Susqueiianna, 
where it will unite with the Erie railroad, which 
will afford it a winter communication with the 
seaboard. Its trade with Pennsylvania is already 
considerable, receiving iron and coal in exchange 
for plaster, salt, lime, flour, and merchandise. A 
fine steamboat for passengers plies daily between 
Ithaca and Cayuga bridge, 42 ms. It was found- 
ed about 1800 ; chartered as a village 1821. 

There were in the t. in 1840, 24 stores, cap. 
$141,300; 2 lumber yards, cap. $81,000; value 
of machinery produced, $20,000; 2 woollen fac, 
cap. $30,550 ; 1 cotton fac. 1,572 sp., cap. $25,000 ; 



3 tanneries, 1 brewery, 1 paper fac, cap. $16,')()0 ; 

2 flouring m., 1 grist m., 10 saw m., 1 oil m., 4 
printing offices, 2 binderies, 2 weekly newspa- 
pers. Cap. in raanufac. $279,250. 1 acad. 1.52 
students, 15 sch. 1,852 scholars. Pop. 1830, 
3,324; 1810,5,650. 

Ithaca, p-v., Darke co., O., 104 w. Columbus, 
497 W. 

Ive's, p-c, Huron co., 86 n. Columbus, 399 
W. 

Ives Grove, p-c, Racine co., Wis., 101 e. s. 
E. Madison, 791 W. 

Ive's Store, p-o.. Princess Ann co., Va., 133 
s. E. Richmond, 258 W. 

Ivv, p-o., Yancy co., N. C, 262 w. Raleigh, 
492 W. 

Ivy Mills, p-v., Delaware co., Pa., 88 e. by 
s. Harrisburg, 1 19 W. 

Izard, county, Ark. Situated in the n. part 
of the state, and contains 1,600 sq. ms. Water- 
ed by White river and its branches, and by 
branches of Big Black r. Capital, Athens. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 4,115, sheep 1,138, 
swine 7,704 ; wheat 7,764 bushels produced, Ind. 
corn 131,170, oats 6,771, potatoes 4,307, tobacco 
16,100 lbs., cotton 9,848; 8 stores, cap. $19,500; 

3 distilleries, 6 flouring m., 2 grist m. Cap. in 
manufac. $12,985. 6 sch. 151 scholars. Pop. 
whites 2,099, slaves 141 ; total, 2,240. 

Izard, C. H., p-v., capital of Izard co., Ark., 150 
N. Little Rock, 1,076 W. Situated on the n. side 
of White r., and contains a court house, and 
several stores and some dwellings. (See Athens.) 



J. 



Jacinto, p-v., capital of Tishamingo co.. Miss., 
233 N. N. E. Jackson, 830 W. Situated on the 
head waters of Tuscumbia cr. It contains a 
court house and several dwellings. 

Jack's Creek, p-o., Henderson county, Term., 
133 s. s. w. Nashville, 817 W. 

Jackson, county, Va. Situated toward the n. 
w. part of the state, and contains 480 sq. miles. 
Oliio r. runs on its n. w. border. Drained by Big 
Sand and Big Mill creeks, and a branch of Little 
Kanawha r. Capital, Ripley. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 5,059, sheep 3,179, swine 10,741 ; 
wheat 28,200 bushels produced, Indian corn 
117,331, oats 39,788, potatoes 4,953, tobacco 
5,100 pounds ; 8 stores, cap. $16,000 ; 4 tanneries, 
4 flouring m., 10 grist m., 6 saw m., 2 printing 
offices, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. 
$1,550. 8 sch. 153 scholars. Pop. whites 4,803, 
slaves 87 ; total, 4,890. 

Jackson, county, Ga. Situated, centrally, to- 
ward the N. part of the state, and contains 432 
sq. ms. Drained by branches of the Oconee and 
Appalachee rivers, (-apital, Jefferson. Tliere 
were in 1840, neat cattle 5,482, sheep 3,858, swine 
11,339; wheat 27,188 bushels produced, Indian 
corn 212,435, oats 29,526, potatoes 7,199, tobacco 
2,320 pounds, cotton 902,670 ; 5 stores, capital, 
$9,650; 3 tanneries, 17 distilleries, 8 flouring ra., 
20 grist m., 15 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $700. 
10 sch. 217 scholars. Pop. whites 5,994, slaves 
2,513, free col'd 15 ; total, 8,522. 

Jackson, county, Florida. Situated in the n. 
part of the ter. Appalachicola r. bounds it on the 
E., and Choctawhatchee r. on the w. Watered 
by Spring cr.. Holmes cr., and Sandy cr. The 
land on the streams is very fertile, and also in 
some other parts. The surface is generally 
level, witli some elevations toward the w. Capi- 
tal Mananna. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
15,907, sheep 960, swine 14,564 ; Ind. corn 127,915 
bush, produced, potatoes 32,105, cotton 1,672,158 



pounds ; 6 stores, cap. $30,000; 6 grist m., 6 saw 
m., 1 acad. 25 students, 2 sch. 75 scholars. Pop. 
whites 2,002, slaves 2,636, free col'd 43; total, 
4,681. 

Jackson, county, Ala. Situated in the n 
part of the state, and contains 975 sq. ms. Ten- 
nessee river runs on its s. E. and s. border, and 
Flint river on its s. w. border. Watered by 
Paint Rock cr. and its branches, and by Racoon 
cr. Capital, Bellefonte. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 9,528, sheep 6,551, swine 59,551 ; 
wheat 30,956 bushels produced, rye 4,557, Ind. 
com 1,043,107, oats 72,617, potatoes 35,260, to- 
bacco 23,528 pounds, cotton 1,165,616, sugar 
5,634; 12 stores, cap. $77,000; 4 tanneries, 29 
distilleries, 24 grist m., 7 sawm., 1 printing office, 
1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $10,710. 
19 sch. "535 scholars. Pop. 1830, 12,700; 1840, 
whites 13,863, slaves 1,816, free col'd 36; total, 
15,715. 

Jackson, co.. Miss. Situated in the s. e. part 
of the state, and contains 1,175 sq. ms. Watered 
by Pascagoula r. and its branches. The soil is 
sterile, covered with pine forest. Tlie chief pro- 
duction is cotton. Capital, Jackson C. H. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 8,770, sheep 795, swine 
5,229 ; Ind. com 15,675 bushels produced, pota- 
toes 21,080, cotton 2,800 pounds; 3 stores, cap. 
$6,500 ; 3 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$15,000. 3 sch. 48 scholars. Pop. whites 1,459, 
slaves 424, free col'd 82 ; total, 1,965. 

Jackson, county, Tenn. Situated in the N. 
part of the state, and contains 666 sq. ms. Wa- 
tered by Cumberland r. and its branches. Capi- 
tal, (iainesboro'. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
8,024, sheep 13,782, swine 41,150; wheat 37,685 
bushels produced, rye 3,632, Ind. corn 438,113, 
oats 62,609, potatoes 20,301, tobacco 859,336 
pounds, cotton 33,842; 10 stores, cap. $78,000 ; 15 
distilleries, 19 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $5,811. 4 sch. 119 scholars. Pop. white* 



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305 



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11,530, slaves 1,226, free colored 110; total, 
12,872. 

Jackson, county, O. Situated in the s. part 
of the state, and contains 400 sq. ms. The sur- 
face is uneven ; soil, fertile. Millstone grit is ex- 
tensively found and manufactured in the n. and 
central parts. Stone coal is abundant. Iron ore 
is found in the w. part. Watered by Little Ra- 
coon and Little Scioto rivers, and Salt creek, and 
Syniracs cr. Capital, Jackson. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 8,S15, sheep 12,082, swine 
13,300; wheat 5(5,749 bushels produced, Indian 
corn 141,187, oats 70,983, potatoes 15,006; 19 
stores, cap. .$15,725 ; 3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 9 
grist m., 18 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,825. 
11 sch. 253 scholars. Pop. 9,744. 

J.vcK.soN, county, Mich. Situated toward the 
s. part of the state, and contains 720 sq. miles. 
Organized in 1832. Watered by Grand r. and 
branches, Kalamazoo and Raisin rivers, and 
Portage, Goose, and Sandstone creeks. It has 
several small lakes. The surface is generally 
gently mrdulating; soil, fertile. Limestone is 
abundant. Capital, Jackson. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 12,565, sheep 3,920, swine 
21,674; wheat 186,649 bushels produced, Indian 
corn 167,870, buckwheat 4,264, barley 11,898, 
oats 190,087 ; potatoes 147,068 ; 36 stores, cap. 
$142,500 ; 4 distilleries, 1 brewery, 4 flouring m., 
3 grist m., 25 saw m., 3 printing offices, 3 daily 
newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $153,'^.52. 3 
acad. 246 students, 37 sch. 1,365 scholars. Pop. 
13,130. 

Jackson, co., la. Situated toward the s. part 
of the state, and contains about 500 square miles. 
Organized in 1815. Drained by Muscatatack r.. 
Driftwood or E. fork of White r., and White and 
Salt creeks. The surface is rolling ; soil, fertile. 
Capital, Brownstown. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 10,699, sheep 8,835, swine 28,005 ; wheat 
33,945 bush, prod., rye 2,544, Ind. corn 336,498, 
oats 72,212, potatoes 12,038, tobacco 22,986 
pounds, sugar 28,678 ; 30 stores, cap. $34,310 ; 
7 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 1 pottery, 2 (louring m., 
13 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $23,180. 
27 sch. 736 scholars. Pop. 8,961. 

Jackson, county. 111. Situated in the s. part 
of the state, and contains 576 sq.ms. Organized 
in 1816. Mississippi r. runs on its w. border. 
Watered by Muddy r. and its tributaries. Salt 
is found on this river, near Brownsville. It 
is generally timbered, with some prairies to the 
N. E. Capital, Brownsville. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 5,283, sheep 2,864, swine 15,490 ; 
wiieat 18,530 bushels produced, Ind. corn 165,350, 
oats 39,426, potatoes 12,644, tobacco 8,230 pounds, 
cotton 11,167, sugar 2,271; 6 stores, capital 
$8,900 ; 1 tannery, 3 distilleries, 6 grist m., 3 saw 
m. Pop. 3,565. 

Jackson, county, Iowa. Situated toward the 
N. E.part of the ter., and contains 628 sq. miles. 
The Mississippi runs on its e. border. Drained 
by Macoquetais r. and its branches. It has great 
mineral riches, containing iron ore, copper, tin, 
zinc, gypsum, and porcelain clay. The soil is 
fertile, and it is well supplied with pure water. 
Capital, Bellevue. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 1,612, sheep 248, swine 4,676; wheat 
6,199 bushels produced, Ind. corn 42,519, oats 
8,495, potatoes 20,098 ; 6 stores, cap. $9,560 ; 2 
lumber yards, cap. $15,250 ; 3 grist m., 4 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. .$20,000. Pop. 1,4 1 1 . 

jACKiiON, county. Mo. Situated in the w. part 
of the state, and contains 525 .s(i.ms. Missouri r. 
forms its n. boundary. Drained by Big and Lit- 
tle Blue rivers, and Fire Prairie cr. The surface 
is undulalmg; soil, fertile. Capital, Indepen-1 
39 



dence. There were in 1840, neat cattle 10,806, 
sheep 10,032, swine 37,953 ; wheat 5,336 bush, 
produced, rye 1,649, Indian corn 556,190, oats 
50,261, potatoes 22,410, tobacco 11,350 pounds ; 
21 stores, cap. $253,200; 2 tanneries, 14 distille- 
ries, 3 flouring m., 17 grist m., 19 saw m., 1 print- 
ing office, 1 weekly new.spaper. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $120,133. 14 sch. 613 scholars. Pop. whites 
6,215, slaves 1,361, free col'd6 ; total, 7,612. 

Jackson, county. Ark. Situated toward the 
N. E. part of the state, and contains 800 sq. ms. 
Big Black r. runs on its w. border. Drained by 
Cache r. Capital, Elizabeth. There were m 1840, 
neat cattle 2,681, sheep 400, swine 6,312 ; wheat 
1,754 bushels produced, Indian corn 91,098, oats 
3,011, potatoes 9,800, tobacco 3,664 pounds, cotton 
11,760; 3 stores, cap. $37,000; 1 cotton fae. 6 
sp., 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 1 flouring m., 5 grist 
m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $29,472. Po]). 
whites 1,258, slaves 276; free col'd 6; total, 
1,540. 

Jackson, p-t., Waldo co.. Me., 47 n. e. Augus- 
ta, 642 W. The soil is fertile, producing good 
wheat. Drained by branches of Marsh r. In- 
corporated in 1818. It has 8 sch. 261 scholars. 
Pop. 653. 

Jackso.n, p-t., Coos CO., N. H., 79 n. by e. Con- 
cord, 565 W. It is situated on the e. side of the 
White mountains, having an uneven surface and 
a productive soil. Drained by branches of El- 
lis's r. Incorporated in 1800. It has 1 store, cap. 
$3,000 ; 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$2,325. 7 sch. 195 scholars. Pop. 534. 

Jackson, p-t., Washington co., N. Y., 40 n. e. 
Albany, 410 W. The surface is diversified ; soil, 
clay ajid sandy loam, and moderately fertile. It 
has 1 store, cap. ,$5,000; 1 acad. 18 students. 
Pop. 1,730. 

Jackson, t., Northumberland co.. Pa. It has 
3 stores, cap. $9,000; 2 tanneries, 1 pottery, 5 
gri.st m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $14,375. 4 
sch. 135 scholars. Pop. 1,584. 

Jackson, p-t., Susquehanna co.. Pa., 181 n. e. 
Harrisburg, 285 W. Tbe surface is hUly ; soil, 
clay and gravel. Drained by Lackawannock and 
Tmdvhannock creeks. It has 1 store, cap. $1,500 ; 
2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,155. 8 sch. 230 
scholars. Pop. 754. 

Jackson, t., Dauphin co., Pa. It lias Peters' 
mountaui on the s., and Berry's on the n., with 
hitervening hills and valleys. Drained by Pow- 
ell's and Armstrong's creeks, which flow into the 
Susquehanna r. Soil on the hills, gravel ; sandy 
loam in the valleys. It has 2 stores, cap. $4,800 ; 
2 distilleries, 5 grist ni., 11 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. 
in manufac. §875. 8 sch. 261 scholars. Pop. 
1,164. 

Jackson, t., Lycoming co.. Pa. It has 1 grist 
m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,400. 4 sch. 
125 scholars. Pop. 336. 

Jackson, t., Columbia co.. Pa. Drained by 
branches of Fishmg cr. It has 2 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $1,000. 2 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 
265. 

Jackson, t., Greene co.. Pa. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $1,700; 1 tannery, 1 distillery. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $750. 4 sch. 7(> scholars. Pop. 1,020. 

Jackson, t., Lebanon co.. Pa., 7 e. Lebanon. 
The surface is level ; soil, calcareous loam. 
Drained by Tulpehocken cr. and Swatara cr. 
Union canal crosses it from w. to E. It ha.s 4 
stores, cap. $16,500 ; 2 lumber yards, cap. $5,000 ; 
2 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 3 grist m., 1 saw m. 
( 'ap. in manufac. $17,238. 1 acad. 42 students, 
2 sch. Ill scholars. Pop. 2,598. 

Jackson, t., Tioga co., Pa. The surface is 
iiilly ; soil, gravel and loam. Drained by Sec- 



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306 



•TAG 



ly's and Mill creeks. It has 4 stores, cap. $1,400 ; 
1 tannery, 2 grist m., 26 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $26,900. 6 sch. 326 scholars. Pop. 1,123. 

Jackson, t., Cambria co., Pa. Tlie surface is 
rolling; soil, clay and calcareous loam. It has 
1 tannery, 3 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$1,700. 5 sch. 100 scholare. Pop. 623. 

Jackson, p-v., Lick t., capital of Jackson co., 
O., 28 s. E. Chilicolhe, 63 s. s. e. Columbus, 377 
W. Organized in 1817. It contains a brick court 
house, jail, 6 stores, 2 tanneries, 1 carding ma- 
chine, and about 50 dwellings. The post-office 
is called Jackson C. II. 

Jackson, t., Montgomery co., O. It has 8 sch. 
444 scholars. Pop. IfiSS. 

Jackson, t., Wayne co., O. Pop. 16. 

Jackson, t., Mu.skingum co., O. It has 4 sch. 
260 scholars. Pop. 960. 

Jackson, t.. Union co., O. It has 2 sch. 65 
scholars. Pop. 352. 

Jackson, t., Starke co., O. It has 3 sch. 33 
scholars. Pop. 1,547. 

Jackson, t., Wood co., O. Pop. 25. 

Jackson, t., Trumbull co., O. It has 9 sch. 
400 scholars. Pop. 1,124. 

Jackson, t., Allen co., O. It has 1 sch. 20 
scholars. Pop. 569. 

Jackson, t., Shelby co., O. Pop. 478. 

Jackson, t.. Brown co., O. It has 2 sch. 110 
scholars. Pop. 1,253. 

Jackson, t., Champaign co., O. The soil is 
fertile, and well cultivated. It has 2 stores, cap. 
$1,500; 1 tannery, 5 saw m., 8 sch. 98 scholars. 
Pop. 1,431. 

Jackson, t., Clermont co., O. It has 1 sch. 18 
scholars. Pop. Si'S. 

Jackson, t., Seneca co., O. It has cap. in man- 
ufac. $90. 4 sch. 98 scholars. Pop. 5j6. 

Jackson, t., Coshocton co., O. Situated on the 
w. side of Muskingum r. It has 1 store, cap. 
$2,000; 1 sch. 35 scholars. Pop. 1,896. 

Jackson, i., Crawford co., O. It has 6 sch. 286 
scholars. Pop. 654. 

Jackson, t., Franklin co., O. Situated on the 
w. side of Scioto r. It has 1 sch. 20 scholars. 
Pop. 784. 

Jackson, t., Darke co., O. Pop. 303. 

Jackson, t., Guernsey co., O. Pop. 1,153. 

Jackson, t., Hancock co., O. It has 1 grist m., 

1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,200. 6 sch. 198 
scholars. Pop. 630. 

Jackson, t., Hardin co., O. It has 1 sch. 47 
scholars. Pop. 260. 

Jackson, t.. Highland co., O. It has 9 sch. 477 
scholars. Pop. 2,352. 

Jackson, t., Hocking co., O. It has 1 sch. 22 
scholars. Pop. 472. 

Jackson, t., Jackson co., O. It has 1 grist m., 

2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $650. Pop. 297. 
Jackson, t., Knox co., O. Watered by Waka- 

tomica or. It has 6 sch. 284 scholars. Pop. 994. 

Jackson, t., Morgan co., O. It has 1 grist m., 
2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,000. 7 sch. 200 
scholars. Pop. 920. 

Jackson, t.. Perry co., O. It has 9 sch. 250 
scholars. Pop. 1,700. 

Jackson, t., Pickaway co., O. It has 1 flour- 
'"n ra-> 1 grist m., 3 saw m. t"ap. in manufac. 
$2,800. 5 sch. 135 scholars. Pop. 993. 

Jackson, t., Pike co., O. It has 4 stores, cap. 
&i6,000 ; 1 llourmg m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $980. Pop. 1,094. 

Jackso.n t.. Brown co., la. It has 1 sch. 24 
scholars. Pop. 

Jackson, t.. Clay co., la. It has 2 distilleries, 
3 grist m. Cap. m manufac. $2,125. 2 sch. 82 
scholars. Pop 918. 



■Jackson, t., Dearborn co., la. It has 3 stores? 
cap. $3,300 ; 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 2 distille- 
ries, 2 grist m., 3 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. 
$1,600. 5 sch. 150 scholars. Pop. 1,007. 

Jackson, t., Fayette co., la. It has 1 sch. 27 
scholars. Pop. 1,185. 

Jackson, t., Fountain co., la. Pop. 960. 

Jackson, t., Hancock co., la. It has 4 stores, 
cap. $4,200. Cap. in manufac. $100. 3 sch. 51 
scholars. Pop. 1,142. 

Jackson, t.. Orange co., la. It has 2 sch. 40 
scholars. Pop. 529. 

Jackson, t., Owen co., la. It has 1 sch. 25 
scholars. Pop. 594. 

Jackson, t., Putnam co., la. It has 1 store, 
cap. $1,000; 1 flouring m., 2 grist ra., 2 saw m., 

1 oil m., 2 sch. 45 scholars. Pop. 923. 
Jack.son, t., Randolph co., la. It has 1 store, 

cap. $1,800; 1 tannery, 1 grist m. Pop. 591. 

Jackson, t., Ripley co., la. It has 1 sch. 24 
scholars. Pop. 4,936. 

Jackson, t.. Rush co., la. It has 3 sch. 77 
scholars. Pop. 914. 

Jackson, t., Shelby co., la. It has 1 store, cap. 
.$1,000 ; 1 tannery, 2 distilleries, 1 grist m., 2 saw 
m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $1,000. 1 sch. 20 
scholars. Pop. 1,511. 

Jackson, t., Steuben co., la. It has 3 sch. Ill 
scholars. Pop. 397. 

Jackson, t., Tippecanoe co., la. It has 2 sch- 
55 scholars. Pop. 451. 

Jackson, t., Washington co., la. It has 9 
stores, cap. $11,000; 3 tanneries, 1 flouring m., 6 
grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $15,000. 5 
sch. Ill scholars. Pop. 2,463. 

Jackson, t., Wayne co., la. It has 2 acad. 110 
students, 3 sch. 367 scholars. Pop. 3,403. 

Jackson, p-t., capital Jackson co., Mich., 79 
w. Detroit, 549 W. The v. is situated on the e. 
bank of Grand r., which affords water power. It 
contains a court house, jail, the state penitentia- 
ry, 1 church, 5 stores, a branch of the University, 

2 saw m., 1 flouring m., 1 furnace, and a tannery. 
There are in the t. 23 stores, cap. ,$90,200 ; 1 dis- 
tillery, 1 brewery, 3 printing oflices, 3 daily news- 
papers, 1 flouring m., 5 saw m. Cap. hi manufac. 
$42,700. 1 acad. 85 students, 9 sch. 338 scholars. 
Pop. 2,773. 

Jackson, p-o., Louisa co., Va., 41 n. w. Rich- 
mond, 97 W. 

Jackson, p-v., Northampton co., N. C, 108 n. 
E. Raleigh, 211 W. 

Jackson, p-v., capital of Butts co., Ga., 67 w. 
Milledgevillfe, 664 W. Situated a few miles w. 
of the Oconee r. It has a court house, jail, an 
academy, 1 Methodist and 1 Presbyterian church, 
and 9 stores. 

Jackson, p-v., Clark co., Ala., 159 s. Tuscaloo- 
sa, 959 W. 

Jackson, p-v., Elkhart co., la., 146 n. Indian- 
apolis, 610 W. 

Jackson, pv., capital of Hinds co. and of tlie 
state of Mississippi, 1,010 miles s. w. Washing- 
ton, D. C. It is situated on the w. bank of Pearl 
r., which is navigable for boats to this place. It 
is built on a level spot, is half a mile .square, reg- 
ularly laid out, and a quarter of a mile from Pearl 
r. It contains an elegant state house, which cost 
$600,00;), a governor's house, a penitentiary, a 
large and well-finished building, a United Stales 
land office, 2 churches — 1 Baptist and 1 Method- 
ist — a bank, 3 printing offices, issuing newspa- 
pers, a steam saw mill, 3 schools, 30 stores, and 
2,100 inhabitants. A railroad 45 miles long con- 
nects Jackson with Vicksburg, and is continued 
east 14 milss to Brandon. 

Jackson, p-v., East Fehciana par., La., 124 n. 



.TAG 



307 



.TAG 



w. INevv Orleans, l,li'i W. .Situated on the e. 
side of Thompson's cr. It contains Louisiana 
college, founded in 1825, has a president and 9 
professors or otiier instructors, 18 alumni, 100 
students, and 1,850 vols, in its libraries. The 
commencement is on the first Wednesday in 
June. It has 3 acad. 223 students, 2 sch. 39 
scholars. Pop. 932. 

J.\CKsox, p-v., capital of Madison co., Tenn., 
134 w. s. w. Nashville, 819 W. Situated on the 
N. side of Forked Ueer r. It contains a court 
house, jail, 2 churches, 10 stores, and about 1,200 
inhabitants. 

Jackson, p-v., capital of Cape Girardeau co.. 
Mo., 196 s. E. Jefferson City, 866 W. Situated 
on a branch of Whitewater r., 10 ms. w. of the 
Mississippi r. It contains a court house, jail, a 
U. 8. land office, several stores, and about 800 
inhabitants. 

J.\oKsoN, t., Johnson co., Mo. It has 3 sch. 
105 scholars. Pop. 1,566. 

jACKsofj, t., Livingston co.. Mo. Pop. 593. 

Jackson, t., Macon co.. Mo. It has 1 sch. 28 
scholars. Pop. 373. 

Jackson, t., Monroe co., Mo. It has 3 acad. 
125 students, 5 sch. 132 scholars. Pop. 2,905. 

Jackson, t., Polk co., Mo. Pop. 1,035. 

Jackson, t., St. Genevieve co.. Mo. It has 2 
sch. 42 scholars. Pop. 302. 

Jackson, t., Taney co.. Mo. Pop. 687. 

Jackson, t., Clarke co.. Mo. It has 1 sch. 30 
scholars. Pop. 659. 

Jackson, p-v., Lawrence co.. Ark., 140 n. e 
Little Rock, 997 W. Situated 3 ms. n. of Spring 
r. It contains about 150 inhabitants. 

Jackson, t., Carroll co.. Ark. It has 1 distiUe- 
ry, 1 grist m., 1 sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 281. 

Jackson, t., Sevier co.. Ark. It has 1 store, 
cap. $4,100 ; 1 distillery, 2 grist ra., 1 sch. 35 
scholars. Pop. 383. 

Jackson, t., Monroe co., Ark. It has 1 sch. 16 
scholars. Pop. 167. 

Jackson, t., Union co.. Ark. Pop. 520. 

Jacksonborough, p-v., Maryland t., Otsego 
CO., N. Y., 62 w. Albany, 366 W. It contains 2 
churches, 4 stores, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 2 cloth- 
iers' works, 2 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 gun fac, 
50 dwellings, and about 300 inhabitants. 

Jackso.nborough, p-v., Wayne t., Butler co., 
O., 91 w. s. w. Columbus, 484 W. 

Jacksonborough, p-v., capital of Scriven co., 
Ga., 116 E. s. E. Milledgeville, 637 W. Situated 
on the w. side of Brier cr. It has a court house, 
jail, Methodist church, and about 15 dwellings. 

Jackson Brook, po., Washington co., Me., 
241 E. N. E. Augusta, 829 W. 

Jacksonburg, p-o., Herkimer co., N. Y., 73 n. 
w. Albany, 390 W. 

Jacksonburg, p-v., Wayne co., la., 57 e. In- 
dianapolis, 516 VV. Pop. about 100. 

Jackson Cor.ners, p-o., Milan t, Dutchess 
CO., N. Y., 49 s. Albany, 327 W. 

Jackson, C. H., p-v., capital of Jackson co., 
Va., 336 w. N. w. Richmond, 335 W. It con- 
tains a court house, a store, and a few dwellings. 

Jackson, C. H., p-v., capital of Jackson co., 
Miss., 235 s. E. from the capital of the state, and 
1,053 W. It contains a court house, 1 store, and 
a few dwellings. 

Jackson's Cross Roads, p-o., Erie co.. Pa., 
264 n. w. Harrisburg, 337 W. 

Jackson Grove, p-o., Fulton co., 111., 61 n. w. 
Springfield, 827 W. 

Jackson Hall, p-o., Franklin co., Pa., 51 w. 
g. w. Harrisburg, 89 W. 

Jacksonham, p-v., Lancaster dist., S. C, 80 n. 
N. E. Columbia, 427 W. | 



Jackson Hill, p-o., Davidson co., N. C, 132 
w. Raleigh, 378 W. 

Jackson Creek, p-o., Fairfield dist., S. C, 31 
N. Columbia, 497 W. 

Jack.son's Ferry, p-o., Wythe co., Va., 244 
w by s. Richmond, 312 W. 

Jackson's Mills, p-o., Monmouth co., N. J., 
31 E. Trenton, 497 W. 

Jackson's Prairie, p-o., Steuben co., la., 182 
N. n. e. Indianapolis, 557 W. 

Jackson, r., Va., rises in Warm Spring moun- 
tains, and flowing s. w., is joined by Cowpasture 
r., which together form James r. P'alling Springs, 
one of its head branches, has a perpendicular fall 
of 200 feet. 

Jacksontown, p-v.. Licking t.. Licking co., O., 
31 N. e. Columbus, 362 W. Situated on the na- 
tional road, and contains 1 church, 3 stores, 40 
dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. 

Jacksonville, p-v., Windham co., Vt., 142 s. 
Montpelier, 423 W. 

Jacksonville, p-v., Ulysses t., Tompldns co., 
N. Y., 170 w. by s. Albany, 303 W. It contains 

1 Methodist church, 1 store, 25 dwellings, and 
about 150 inhabitants. 

Jacksonville, p-o., Burlington co., N. J., 15 
s. Trenton, 160 W. 

Jacksonville, p-v., Lehigh co.. Pa., 89 e. n. 
E. Harrisburg, 183 W. 

Jacksonville, p-o., in the village o-f Eliza- 
bethtown, Wood co., Va., 325 \v. n. w. Rich- 
mond, 304 W. (See Elizabethtowii.) 

Jacksonville, p-v., Sumpter dist., S. C, 91 
E. Columbia, 529 W. 

Jacksonville, p-v., capital of Telfair co., Ga.^ 
115 s. Milledgeville, 762 W. Situated on the N. 
bank of Ocmulgee r. It contains a court house, 
jail, several stores, and about 30 dwellings. 

Jacksonville, p-v., DuvqiU co., Flor., 252 e. 
Tallahassee, 801 W. Situated on the n. w. side 
of St. John's r. It contains a court house, jail, 
a church, an academy, and several dwcUings. 

Jacksonville, p-v., capital of Benton co., 
Ala., 139 E. N. E. Tuscaloosa, 717 W. Situated 

2 ms. E. Tallasseehatchee cr. It contains a 
court house, and a few dwellings. 

Jacksonville, p-v., Wayne t., Darke co., O., 
94 w. Columbus, 485 W. 

Jacksonville, p-v., Switzerland co., la., Ill 
s. E. Indianapolis, 550 W. 

Jacksonville, p-v., capital of Morgan co., 111., 
33 w. Springfield, 813 W. It is one of the largest 
inland towns of the state, situated in the midst 
of a fine prairie, which is rich, and well culti- 
vated. It has 24 stores, numerous mechanic 
shops, 1 steam flouring m., 1 saw m., 1 cotton 
yarn fac, 1 distillery, 2 oil m., 2 carding ma- 
chines, and 1 tannery. The public buildings 
and institutions are a brick court house, jail, 4 
churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Methodist, 1 Epis- 
copal, 1 Congregationalist — a lyceum, a mechan- 
ics' association, a male and female academy, 
and a brick market house. Here is situated Illi- 
nois college, founded in 1829. It has a presi- 
dent, 4 professors or instructors, 42 students, and 
2,000 vols, in its libraries. The commencement 
is on the third Wednesday in September. 

Jacks Reef, p-o., Elbridge t., Onondaga co., 
N. Y., 150 w. by N. Albany,''354 W. 

Jacobsburg, p-v., Bushliill t., Northampton co., 
Pa., 106 E. N. E. Harrisburg, 119 W. It contains 
1 store, a furnace, a grist m., and 6 or 8 dwellings. 

Jacobsburg, p-v.. Smith t., Belmont co., O., 
126 E. by N. Columbus, 2S7 W. It contains 1 
church, 2 stores, 35 dwellings, and about 175 in- 
habitants. 

Jacob's Creek, p-o., Westmoreland co., Pa.» 



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175 vv. Harrisburg, 201 W. The cr. is a tributary 
of the Youghiogheny r., and forms the s. bound- 
ary of the CO. 

Jaffrev, p-t., Cheshire co., N. H., 48 s. w. by 
s. Concord, 449 W. Grand 3Ionadnock lies 
partly in the n. w. part of the t. Tlie surface is 
uneven ; soil, fertile, well adapted to grazing. 
Drained on the e. by branches of the ContoocooU 
r., wliich flows into the Merrirnac ; and on the w. 
by branches of Ashuelot r., which flows into the 
Connecticut r. It has a mineral spring. Incor- 
porated in 1772. It lias 3 stores, cap. §13,500 ; 1 
woollen fac, 1 cotton fac, 5 grist m., 3 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $16,100. 1 acad. 40 students, 
11 sch. 464 scliolars. Pop. 1,411. 

Jakes Prairie, p-o., Gasconade co., Mo., 61 s. 
E. Jefferson city, {)'J5 W. 

Ja.maica, p-t., Windliam co., Vt., 127 s. Mont- 
pelier, 449 W. The .'surface is uneven ; soil, fer- 
tile. Watered by West r., and its tributary. 
Bald Mountain brook, which afford water power. 
The V. contains 2 churches, 1 store, 1 grist m., 2 
saw m., 2 fulling m., 2 carding machines, and 1 
trip-hammer shop, on Bald Mountain brook. 
Good limestone is found in the t. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $6,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 8 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,100. 13 sch. 542 
scholars. Pop. 1,586. 

Jamaica, p-t.. Queens co., N. Y., 12 E. New 
York, 158 s. Albany, 238 W. The surface is 
level, except the range of hills on the n., which 
pass through Long Lsland. The soil is a produc- 
tive sandy loam. On the s. are extensive salt 
meadows. The Union race-course is in the t. 
The v., situated on the Long Island railroad, was 
incorporated in 1814, and contains the comity 
clerk's and surrogate's offices, 5 churches — 1 
Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Dutch Reformed, 1 
Methodist, and 1 African — Union Hall academy, 
a female seminary, 12 stores, 1 wind m., 1 piano 
forte fac, 3 carriage fac, 1 lock fac, and 2 print- 
ing offices, and an extensive establishment for 
the purposes of the railroad. There are in the t. 
9 stores, cap. $39,250 ; 1 lumber yard, cap. $4,000 ; 
1 woollen fac, 2 printing offices, 2 weekly news- 
papers, 5 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac 
$18,350. i acad. 60 students, 7 sch. 394 scholars. 
Pop. 3,781. 

Jamaica, p-o., Middlesex co., Va., 74 e. Rich- 
mond, 136 W. 

Jamaica Plai.\s, p-v., Roxbury t., Norfolk co., 
Mass., 6 s. w. Boston, 438 W. It is situated in 
the w. part of the t., and contains a Unitarian 
church and many elegant country seats. From 
a pond here, the Boston aqueduct is supplied. 
The whole aggregate length of the pipes is 40 
miles. 

James, r.,Va., is formed by the union of Jackson's 
and Cowpasture rivers, in the Alleghany moun- 
tains. At the point where it begins to break 
through the Blue Ridge, it is joined by North r. 
It is afterwards joined by the Rivanna, from the 
N., and at City Point by the Appomattox, from 
the s., its largest branch, which is 120 ms. long, 
and navigable through a great part of its course. 
James r. is over 500 ms. long, and enters Hamp- 
ton Road near the mouth of Chesapeake bay. 
The principal places on this r. are Lynchburg, 
on the s. side, and Richmond, on the n. side. A 
40 gun ship may go up to Jamestown, and by 
lightening, to Harrison's bar, wliere there is 15 
feet of water. Vessels of 250 tons go up to War- 
wick and those of 120 tons to Rockets, just be- 
r ^ ";l"^""*^' ^^^ '"i^^'s from its mouth. The 
falls at Richmond have been obviated by a canal ; 
and above that, the r. is navigable for batteaux 
220 miles. This r. forms the outlet of a coun- 



try abounding in tobacco, wheat, com, hemp, 
coal, &c. 

James, r.. Mo., runs s. s. w. through Greene 
and Taney counties, and enters White r. 

James, t., Taney co.. Mo. Pop. 164. 

Jame.s' Bayou, t., Scott co.. Mo. It has 1 sch, 
25 scholars. Pop. 648. 

James' Bavou, p-o.. New Madrid co.. Mo., 284 
s. E. JefTerson city, 924 W. 

James City, county, Va. Situated toward the 
E. part of the state, and contains 150 square ms. 
James r. runs on its s. border, and York r. on its 
N. E., and Chickaliominy r. on its w. border. 
The surface is undulating. Capital Williams- 
burg. There were in 1840, neat cattle 2,713, 
sheep 914, swine 4,712; wheat 17,241 bush, pro- 
duced, Indian corn 86,500, oats 34,765, potatoes 
2,904, tobacco 8,000 pounds, cotton 6,307 pounds ; 
5 stores, cap. §21,500 ; 1 tannery, 2 grist m. Cap. 
in manufac. $6,500. 1 college 140 students, 1 
acad. 36 .students. 4 sch. 93 scholars. Pop. whites 
1,325, slaves 1,947, free col'd 507; total, 3,779. 

James' Creek, p-o., Huntingdon co., Pa., 106 
w. Harrisburg, 152 W. 

James' Cross Roads, p-o., Iredell co., N. C^ 
162 w. Raleigh, 400 W. 

James' Mills, p-o., Monroe co.. 111., 122 s. by 
w. Springfield, 835 W. 

James' River, p-o., Bottetourt co., Va., 181 w. 
Richmond, 228 W. 

Jamestown, t., Newport co., R. I., 3 w. New- 
port. It comprises Canonicut, a beautiful island 
in Narragansett bay, 8 miles long, and 1 wide. 
The soil is a rich loam, adapted to grazing. The 
inhabitants are chiefly employed in agriculture. 
Two ferries connect it, one with Newport, and 
the other with South Kingston. Incorporated in 
1743. There are in the t. 1 store, cap. $1,200 ; 1 
grist m. Cap. in manufac. $1,300. 1 sch. 52 
scholars. Pop. 365. 

Jamestown, p-v., Ellicott t., Chautauque co., 
N. Y., 331 w. by s. Albany, 318 W. Situated 
on the N. side of the outlet of Chautauque lake, 
which affords good water power. Incorporated 
in 1826. It contains 4 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 
1 Congregationalist, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist — 
a bank, an academy, 15 stores, 1 woollen fac, 1 
flouring m., 3 saw m., 1 sash and lath fac, 1 pail 
fac, 1 chair fac, 1 cabinet fac, 1 leather fac, 1 
iron foundry and plough fac, and 1 carding and 
cloth dressing works. A steamboat plies daily 
through Chautauque lake from this place to May- 
ville, 21 Ills. 

Jamestown, p-v., Mercer co.. Pa., 251 v/. n. 
w. Harrisburg, 298 W. 

Jamestown, p-v.. Prince Edward co., Va., 69 
w. s. w. Richmond, 167 W. Situated on Appo- 
mattox r. It contains 1 church, Iree to all denomi- 
nations, 2 stores, and several dwellings. 

Jamestown, James City co., Va., 8 s. w. Wil- 
liamsburg, 65 e. s. e. Richmond. This was the 
first English settlement made in the United 
States, having been founded 'in 1608. It was 
situated near the n. side of James r., on a point 
of land projecting into James r., 32 ms. above its 
mouth. It is now in ruins, containing 2 or 3 old 
houses, the ruins of an old church steeple and 
grave yard, and of ancient fortifications. 

Jamestown, p-v., Guilford co., N. C, 93 w. by 
N. Raleigh, 314 W. Situated on the w. side of 
Deep r. 

Jamestown, p-v., Sumter co., Ala., 57 s. w. 
Tuscaloosa, 875 W. Situated on the w. side of 
Tombigbee r. 

Jamestown, p-v., capital of Fentress co., 
Tenn., 124 e. by n. Nashville, 580 W. Situated 
on the side of Cumberland mountain, between 



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309 



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the waters of s. fork of Cumberland and Obid's 
rivers. It contains a court house and several 
dwellings. 

Jamestown, p v., capital of Russell co., Ky., 
99 s. Frankfort, 613 W. Situated 4 ms. n. of the 
Cumberland r. It has a brick court house, and 
180 inhabitants. 

Jamestown, p-v.. Silver Creek t., Greene co., 
O., 64 w. s. w. Columbus, 449 VV. It contains 3 
brick churches, a steam grist and sawm., a card- 
ing machine, moved by horse power, a saw m., 
by water power, 40 dwellings, and about 250 in- 
habitants. 

Jamestown, p-v., Boone co., la., 2-! n. w. In- 
dianapolis, 599 W. It contains 1 store, and about 
150 inhabitants. 

Jamestown, p-v., Sangamon co., 111., 15 Spring- 
field, 765 W. 

Jamestown, p-v.. Grant co.,Wis., 108 w. 3Iad- 
ison, 8^'8 W. 

Ja.mestown, p-v., Andrew co.. Mo. Situated 
4 ms. N. of Missouri r. It has about 50 inhabit- 
ants. 

Jamesville, p-v., De Witt t., Onondaga co., 
N. Y., 127 w. by n. Albany, 34S W. It contains 
4 churches, 3 stores, 2 flouring m., 1 saw m., 2 
plaster m., 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 50 dwellings, 
and 300 inhabitants. 

Jamesville, p-v., Southampton co., Va. 

Jamesville, p-v., Cherokee co., N. C, 351 w. 
hy s. Raleigh, 58 1 W. Situated on the s. side of 
Valley r. 

Janesville, p-v.. Rock co.. Wis., 41 e. s. e. 
Madison, 806 W. 

Jarrett's, p-o., Sussex co., Va., 52 s. by e. 
Richmond, 171 W. 

Jarrett's Ford, p-o., Kanawha co., Va., 323 
w. n. w. Richmond, 348 W. 

Jarrettsville, po., Harford co., Md., 63 n. 
Annapoli.s, 73 W. 

Jarvis Gore, t., Penobscot co.. Me. It has 1 
saw mill. Cap. in manufac. $500. 90 scholars 
in schools. Pop. 185. 

Jasper, county, Ga. Situated near the centre 
of the state, and contains 430 sq. miles. Watered 
by branches of Oconee r. Capital, Monticello. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,986, sheep 
3,173, swme 18,283; wheat 35,436 bushels pro 
duced, Ind. corn 443,903, oats 20,362, potatoes 
5,270, cotton 5,058,630 pounds ; 13 stores, cap. 
$39,660 ; 2 tanneries, 12 distilleries, 19 brewer- 
ies, 1 flouring m., 4 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $6,528. 5 acad. 257 students. 8 sch. 
233 scholars. Pop. whites 4,921, slaves 6,155, 
freecol'd35; total, 11,111. 

Jasper, county. Miss. Situated s. E. of the 
centre of the state, and contains 650 square ms. 
Watered by branches of Leaf r. Capital, Pauld- 
ing. There were in 1840, neat cattle 16,824, 
sheep 1,843, swine 14,029 ; wheat 2,550 bushels 
produced, Ind. corn 160.245, oats 1,514, potatoes 
28,377, rice 5,612 pounds, cotton 1,180,185 ; 7 
stores, cap. $50,500 ; 1 tannery, 2 distilleries, 4 
flouring m., 4 grist m., 4 saw m., 1 printing ofHce, 
1 w^eekly 7iewspaper. Cap. in manufac. $15,200. 
1 acad. 4 students, 3 sch. 83 scholars. Pop 
whites 2,701, slaves 255, free colored 2; total, 
3,958. 

Jasper, county, la. Situated toward the n. w 
part of the state, and contains 980 sq. miles. It 
consists mostly of prauie, interspersed with some 
timber. Watered by the Iroquois r., which is 
navigable in high water, and by Pine and Sugar 
crs. Capital, Rensselaer. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 2,711, sheep 1,541, swine 4,247 ; wheat 
5,078 bush, produced, Ind. corn 47,070, oats 9,505, 
potatoes 3,278, tobacco 210 pounds, sugar 1,440 ; 



1 flouring m., 2 grist m., l saw m., 2 oil ra. Cap. 
in manufac. $2,301. Pop. 1,267. 

Jasper, county, 111. Situated near the E. part 
of the state, and contains 475 sq. miles. The sur- 
face is level, two thirds prairie, and rather wet. 
Watered by Embarrass river. Capital, Newton. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 1,519, sheep 693, 
swine 4,350 ; wheat 2,6iO bush, produced, Ind. 
corn 39,487, oats 3,490, jiotatoes 3,079, tobacco 
1,700 pounds, sugar 5,470; 2 grist m., 2 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $2,854. Pop. 1,472. 

Jasper, county. Mo. Situated in the s. w. part 
of the state, and contains 980 sq. ms. Drained by 
a branch of Neosho r. Surface undulating ; soil 
fertile. Capital, Jasper. 

Jasper, p-t., Sieuben co., N. Y., 18 s. w. Bath, 
239 w. by s. Albany, 239 W. The surface is un- 
dulating ; soil, clay and gravelly loam, adapted 
to grazing. Drained by Bennett's and Tuscarora 
crs. It has 2 stores, cap. $4,000 ; 1 grist m., 15 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,320. 12 sch. 369 
scholars. Pop. 1,187. 

Jasper, p-v., capital of Walker co., Ala. (See 
Walker C. H.) 

Jasper, p-v., Sunfish t.. Pike co., O., 66 s. Co- 
lumbus, 401 W. Situated on the Ohio canal, 3 
ms. w. Piketon. 

Jasper, p-v., capital of Marion co., Tenn., 114 
s. e. Nashville, 634 W. Situated on the w. side 
of Sequatchy r., and contains a court house and 
several dwellings. 

Jasper, p-v., capital of Hamilton co., Flor., 90 
E. Tallahassee. Situated 8 ms. n. of Suwannee r. 
It contains a court house and a few dwellings. 

Jasper, t., Polk co.. Mo. Pop. 556. 

Jasper, p-v., capital of Dubois co., la., 124 s. s. 
w. Indianapolis, 655 W. Situated on the n. w. 
side of the Patoka cr. It contains a court house, 
3 stores, and about 75 inhabitants. 

Jasper, pv., capital of Jasper co.. Mo., 163 s. 
w. Jeflferson city, 1,109 W. Situated on a branch 
of Neosho r. 

Jasper, t., Ralls co., Mo. It has 3 schools, 81 
scholars. Pop. 530. 

Jasper, t., Newton co., Mo. Pop. 185. 

Java, p-t., Wyoming co., N. Y., 267 w. Albany, 
352 W. The surface is rolling ; soil, clay loam, 
adapted to grazing. Watered by Seneca cr. and 
head waters of Cattaraugus cr. The v. is situated 
on Seneca cr., and contains 1 church, 2 stores, 1 
grist m., 1 saw m., 1 clothier's works, and 20 
dwellings. The t. contains 3 stores, cap. $8,000 ; 

2 fuUing m., 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $10,400. 23 sch. 823 scholars. Pop. 2,331. 

Java Village, p-o., Java t., Wyoming co., N. 
Y., 271 w. Albany, 356 W. 

Jay, county, la. Situated in the e. part of the 
state, and contains 370 sq. ms. The soil is gene- 
rally fertile. Watered by Salamanie r. Capital, 
Portland. There were in 1840, neat cattle 2,938, 
sheep 646, swine 7,421 ; wheat 9,703 bush, pro- 
duced, Ind. com 62,842, oats 5,773, potatoes 9,135, 
sugar 16,018 pounds; 8 stores, cap. $11,500; 4 
grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,100. 1 
sch. 30 scholars. Pop. 3,863. 

Jay, p-t., Franklin co.. Me., 29 w. n. w. Augus- 
ta, 607 VV. Situated on Androscoggin r., which 
bounds it on the s. The soil is fertile, and well 
cultivated. Incorporated in 1795. It has 3 stores, 
cap. $1,500 ; 2 saw m., 18 sch. 760 scholars. Pop. 
1,750. 

Jat, p-t., Orleans co., Vt., 58 N. Montpelier, 574 
W. Situated on the Canada line. It is moun- 
tainous in the s. w. part, and contains considera- 
ble good land. Watered by branches of 3Iissis- 
que r. It has 2 saw ra., 3 sch. 122 scholars. Pop. 
308. 



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Jay, p-t., Essex co., N. Y., 18 n. Elizabeth, 148 
N. Albany, 523 W. The surface is mountainous. 
Watered by a branch of Au Sable r., along which 
are fertile flats. The v. is situated on the e. 
branch of Au Sable r., and contains 1 Methodist 
and 1 Baptist church, 3 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw 
m., 1 forge, 1 clothier's works, .50 dwellings, and 
about 400 inhabitants. The t. has 5 stores, cap. 
$26,000 ; 2 fulling m., 5 forges, 2 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $1,050. 13 sch. 582 scholars. Pop. 2,258. 
Jay C. H., p-v., capital of Jay co., la., 100 n. e. 
Indianapolis, 523 W. Situated on the N. .side of 
Salamanie r. It has a court house, and a few 
dwellings. 

Jaynesville, p-o., Covington co.. Miss., 69 s. 
E. Jackson, 1,033 W. Situated on the w. side of 
a small branch of Leaf r. 

Jkanerett,s, p-o., St. Mary's par.. La., 162 w. 
by s. New Orleans, 1,297 W. 

Jefferson, county, N. Y. Situated in the n. 
part of the state, and contains 1,125 square miles. 
Bounded w. by Lake Ontario and St. Lawrence r. 
The surface is level, or gently uneven ; soil, a 
rich sandy loam. Watered by Black r. through 
the centre, Indian, Chaumout, and Perch rs. on 
the N., and Stony and Sandy crs. in the s. w. 
Capital, Watertown. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 78,694, sheep 165,390, swine 60,518 ; wheat 
406,721 bush, produced, rve 18,396, Indian com 
445,973, buckwheat 36,641, barley 74,540, oats 
447,936, potatoes 1,345,818, hops 2,905 pounds, 
sugar 512,254 ; 2 commission houses, cap. $5,000 ; 
166 stores, cap. §549,400; 18 lumber yards, cap. 
$189,250; 6 furnaces, 1 forge, 1 smelting house 
produced 300,000 pounds of lead, 22 fulling m., 
11 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 1,000 sp., 31 tanne- 
ries, 9 distilleries, 8 breweries, 1 rope fac, 8 flour- 
ing m,, 34 grist m., 109 saw m., 4 oil m., 1 paper 
factory, 4 printing offices, 5 weekly newspapers. 
Cap. in manufac. $721,249. 1 college 200 stu- 
dents, 2 acad. 125 .students, 292 sch. 11,548 schol- 
ars. Pop. 60,984. 

Jefferson, county. Pa. Situated toward the 
N. w. part of the state, and contains 1,200 sq. ms. 
The surface is hilly, and the soil, in tiie valleys, 
generally fertile. Watered by Mahoning cr., and 
Little and Big Sandy Lick crs., and Clarion and 
Toby's rivers. Iron ore and coal are abundant. 
Capital, Brookville. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 5,773, sheep 7,342, swine 8,898 ; wheat 
43,598 bush, produced, rye 24,467, Indian corn 
23,369, buckwheat 14,501, oats 77,077, potatoes 
64,110, sugar 27,067 pounds; 19 stores, capital 
$49,080 ; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 6 tanneries, 
2 distilleries, 14 grist m., 68 saw m., 1 printing 
oflice, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. 
$141,840, 1 acad. 25 students, 8 sch. 236 schol- 
ars. Pop. 7,253. 

Jeffkrson, county, Va. Situated in the N. E. 
part of the state, and contains 225 sq. ms. Bound- 
ed N. E, by Potomac r. The surface is hilly and 
broken ; soil, various. Watered by Shenandoah 
r. and Opequan cr. Capital, Charleston. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 11,915, sheep 67,289, 
swine 72,467 ; wheat 516,969 bush, produced, rye 
41,975, Indian corn 988,552, bariey 4,230, oats 
71,999, potatoes 151,443 ; 57 stores, cap. $320,000 ; 
2 furnaces, 3 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 6 tanne- 
ries, 4 distilleries, 1 brewery, 2 potteries, 18 flour- 
ing m., 17 grist m., 40 saw m., 2 printing offices, 
2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufactures, 
$344,300. 8 acad. 262 students, 19 sch. 475 schol- 
ars. Pop. whites 9,323, slaves 4,157, free colored 
602 ; total, 14,082. 

Jefferson, county, Ga. Situated toward the 
E. part of the state, and contains 660 sq. miles. 
Ogeechee r. runs through its s. w. part, and Brier 



cr. runs on its n. e. border. Watered by Reedy 
and Mill crs., and branches of Ogeechee river. 
Capital, Louisville. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 8,023, sheep 3,369, swine 16,537 ; wheat 
10,301 bush, produced, rye 1,198, Indian corn 
273,416, oats 4,391, potatoes 8,770, cotton 6,448,120 
pounds; 13 stores, cap. $39,660; 9 grist m., 9 saw 
m. 1 sch. 12 scholars. Pop. whites 2,878, slaves 
4,342, free col'd 35 ; total, 7,254. 

Jefferson, county, Flor. Situated in the cen- 
tral part of the ter., extending from Georgia to the 
Gulf of Mexico. It contains 702 sq. ms. Micka- 
suky lake lies on its w. part. The outlet of the 
lake and several other streams unite, and 2 miles 
s. K. of the lake, where they constitute a consider- 
able mill stream, they suddenly sink into the earth 
and disappear. The soil, in many parts, is fertile. 
Oscilla r. runs on its e. boundary. Capital, Mon- 
ticello. There were in 1840, neat cattle 8,112, 
sheep 752, swine 9,680 ; Ind. corn 125,540 bush, 
produced, oats 2,015, potatoes 25,904, rice 7,300 
pounds, tobacco 5,500, cotton 1,855,715, sugar 
46,850 ; 9 stores, cap. $41,000 ; 1 tannery, 4 grist 
m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,000. 1 acad. 
90 students, 5 sch. 94 scholars. Pop. wliites 2,162, 
slaves 3,549, free col'd 2 ; total, 5,713. 

Jefferson, county, Ala. Situated a little n. 
of the centre of the state, and contains 1,040 sq. 
ms. Watered by Locust Fork of Tuscaloosa or 
Black Warrior r. and its branches. Capital, Ely- 
ton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 8,032, sheep 
2,331, swine22,163 ; wheat 34,157bush. produced, 
Ind. c«m 353,721, oats 22,790, potatoes 9,311, to- 
bacco 4,003 pounds, cotton 790,867 ; 5 stores, cap. 
$13,000; 4 tanneries, 5 distilleries, 1 flouring m., 
25 grist m., 11 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. 
$2,950. 33 sch. 464 scholars. Pop. whites 5,486, 
slaves 4,636, free col'd 9 ; total, 7,131. 

Jkffkrson, county. Miss. Situated in the s. 
w. part of the state, and contains 630 sq. miles. 
Mississippi r. runs on its vv. border. Drained by 
Fairchilds and Coles' crs. and branches. Bayou 
Pierre and Homochitto rs. Toward the w., and 
particularly on the Mississippi, the soil is fertile ; 
toward the e. it is light, and covered with pines. 
Capital, Fayette. I'here were in 1840, neat cat- 
tle 15,156, sheep 7,595, swine 21,823; Ind. com 
364,972 bush, produced, potatoes 30,881, rice 
6,818 pounds, cotton 14,038,479; 11 stores, cap. 
$112,000 ; 2 tanneries, 153 grist m., 8 saw m., 2 
printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in 
manufac. $88,300. 1 acad. 40 students, 15 sch. 
318 scholars. Pop. whites 2,389, slaves 9, 176, free 
col'd 85; total, 11,650. 

Jefferson, par.. La. Situated in the s. e. part 
of the state, and contains 720 sq. ms. The Mis- 
sissippi bounds it on the n., and Barrataria bay of 
the Gulf of Mexico on the s. Tlie land, except- 
ing on the margin of the streams, is generally too 
low for cultivation. Capital, La Fayette. 'I'here 
were in 1840, neat cattle 7,891, sheep 6,781, swine 
2,878 ; Ind. corn 198,813 bush, produced, potatoes 
82,250, rice 104,260 pounds, sugar 5,134,500; 143 
slore.s, capital $64,749; 81 lumber yards, capital 
$110,'745 ; 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 1 pottery, 6 saw 
m., 2 printing offices, 2 daily newspapers, 1 week- 
ly paper, 3 periodicals. Cap. in manufactures, 
$786,000. 1 acad. 55 students, 2 sch. 29 scholars. 
Pop. whites 4,866, slaves 4,986, free col'd 618 ; 
total, 10,470. 

Jefferson, county, Tenn. Situated toward 
the K. part of the state, and contains 356 sq. ras. 
Holston r. runs on its n. vv. border, and French 
Broad r. waters it in the s. part. The surface is 
uneven and rough, but it has some fertile soil. 
Capital, Dandridge. There were in 1«40, neat 
cattle 7,780, sheep 9,998, swine 27,717; wheat 



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80,449 bush, prod., rye 1,(519, Jncl com 3S6,644, 
oats 77,967, potatoes 12,631, tobacco 10,107 pounds, 
cotton 10,809, sugar 4,883 ; 17 stores, cap. $86,500 ; 
2 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 500 sp., 
49 tanneries, 18 distilleries, 1 powder m., 1 potte- 
ry, 12 flouring ni., 38 grist m., 30 saw m., 3 oil m. 
Cap. in man\ifac. $62,272. 1 college, 80 students, 

1 acad. 45 students, 13 sch. 320 scholars. Pop. 
whites 10,662, slaves 1,282, free col'd 132; total, 
12,076. 

jEFFEasoN, county, Ky. Situated in the n. 
part of the state, and contains 504 sq. ms. The 
Ohio r. runs on its n. w. border. Drained by 
Floyd's fork and Pond cr., branches of Salt r. 
The rapids of the Ohio lie opposite to this cc, 
around which is a canal. Capital, Louisville. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 12,716, sheep 
14,971, swine 42,266; wheat 115,175 bush, prod., 
rye 16,969, Ind. com 665,899, barley 1,750, oats 
156,092, potatoes 60,604, tobacco 75,360 pounds, 
sugar 3,944; 1 commercial and 11 com. houses, 
cap. $191,800 ; 270 stores, cap. $2,182,980 ; 3 lum- 
ber yards, cap. $52,000 ; 9 tanneries, 9 distilleries, 

2 breweries, 1 glass fac, 2 potteries, 1 1 flouring 
m., 17 grist m., 17 saw m., 1 oil m., 1 paper fac, 
7 printing offices, 2 binderies, 1 periodical, 5 dai- 
ly, 7 weekly, 3 semi-weeldy newspapers. Cap. 
in. manufao. $864,006. 1 college, 80 students, 15 
acad. 452 students, 37 sch. 814 scholars. Pop. 
whites 26,987, slaves 8,596, free col'd 763 ; total, 
36,316. 

Jefferson, county, O. Situated in the e. part 
of the state, and contains 396 .sq. ms. Ohio r. 
rims on its e. border. Drained by Cross, Short, 
and Yellow creeks, which afford water power. 
The surface is uneven ; soil, fertile. Capital, 
Steubenville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
8,566, sheep 18,814, swine 11,279 ; wheat 287,486 
bush, produced, rye 2,001, Ind. corn 177,459, bar- 
ley 2,963, oats 215,378, potatoes 50,189, sugar 1,000 
pounds ; 3 com. houses, cap. $3,200 ; 62 stores, 
cap. $120,800; 5 lumber yards, cap. $23,000; 
1 furnace, 1 fulling ra., 7 woollen fac, 1 cotton 
fac. 10,224 sp., 10 tanneries, 4 distilleries, 2 brew- 
,eries, 24 flouring m., 3 grist m., 22 saw m., 1 oil 
m., 1 paper fac, 2 printing offices, 2 weekly news- 
papers. Cap. in manufac. $330,980. 1 college, 
208 students, 2 acad. 170 students, 44 sch. 2,906 
scholars. Pop. 25,030. 

Jefferson, county, la. Situated in the s. e. 
part of the state, and contains 360 sq. ms. Ohio 
r. bounds it on the s. e. Drained by branches 
of Muscatatack r., by Indian Kentucky cr., and 
Big and Lewis creeks. Tiie surface is various, 
and the soil productive. Organized in 1809. Capi- 
tal, Madison. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
12,000, sheep 13,477, swine 15,135 ; wheat 85,483 
bush, produced, rye 2,126, Ind. corn 250,007, oats 
84,264, potatoes 14,597, tobacco 13,180 pounds, 
sugar 6,603; 11 commercial and 5 com. houses, 
cap. $960,000; 35 stores, cap. $227,529; 1 fur- 
nace, 1 cotton fac 800 sp., 12 tanneries, 1 brew- 
ery, 10 flouring m., 21 grist m., 31 saw m., 1 oil 
m., 1 paper fac, 2 printing offices, 4 weekly news- 
papers. Cap. in manufac. $233,693. 1 college, 
72 students, 1 acad. 22 students, 16 sch. 1,050 
scholars. Pop. 16,614. 

Jefferson, county, 111. Situated centrally, in 
the s. part of the state, and contains 576 sq. ms. 
Drained by branches of Big Muddy and Little 
Wabash rivers. The sm-face is one-third prairie, 
and the soil moderately fertile. Capital, Mount 
Vernon. There were in 1840, neat cattle 12,370, 
stieep 6,001, swine 17,955; wheat 11,503 bush, 
produced, Ind. com 271,800, oats 27,797, potatoes 
6,802, tobacco 29,272 pounds, cotton 13,862; 10 
stores, cap. $23,900 ; 2 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 14 



grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac $9,118. I 
acad. 125 students, 8 sch. 375 scholars. Pop. 
5,762. 

Jefferson, county. Mo. Situated in the e. 
part of the state, and contains 500 sq. ms. Drain- 
ed by Big r. and Joachim cr. The surface is iiilly 
and broken ; soil, various. Minerals and min- 
eral springs abound. Capital, Hillsboro'. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 7,753, sheep 4,202, swine 
13,533; wheat 13,350 bush, produced, Ind. corn 
182,125, oats 20,195, potatoes 4,836, tobacco 3,000 
pounds ; 6 stores, cap. $18,000 ; 1 smelling house, 
prod. 775,000 pounds of lead, 2 tanneries, 1 dis- 
tillery, 3 flouring m., 4 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $20,900. 5 sch. 88 scholars. Poiv 
4,296. 

Jefferson, county. Ark. Situated a little s. 
E. of the centre of the state, and contains 1,180 
sq. ms. Watered by Arkansas r., whicii runs 
through its centre. Capital, Pine Bluff's. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 7,443, sheep 439, swine 
8,871 ; Ind. corn 157,560 bush, produced, potatoes 
6,730, cotton 659,750 lbs.; 7 stores, cap. $49,100; 
1 tannery, 17 grist m., 1 1 saw m. Cap. in nuuiu- 
fac. $34,100. Pop. wliites 1,551, slaves 1,010, free 
col'd 5 ; total, 2,566. 

Jefferson, county, Wis. Situated toward the 
s. part of the territory, and contains 576 sq. ms. It 
is well timbered, and has some swamps. Drained 
by Rock r., passing through its centre. Capital, 
Jefferson. There were in 1840, neat cattle 1,015, 
sheep 32, swine 1,763; wheat 6,647 bush, pro- 
duced, rye 186, Ind. corn 15,192, oats 4,465, pota- 
toes 14,410, sugar 13,050 pounds; 1 store, cap. 
$2,500 ; 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $11,000. G 
sch. 133 scholars. Pop. 914. 

Jefferson, county, Iowa. Situated in the s. 
w. part of the territory, and contains 380 sq. ms. 
Organized in 1839. Drained by t'hecauque or 
Skunk r. and its branches. It has a fertile soil. 
Limestone and stone coal are found. Capital, 
Fairfield. There were in 1840, neat cattle 3,075, 
sheep 2,118, swine 7,172; wheat 4,223 bush, pro- 
duced, Ind. corn 89,675, oats 10,795 ; 7 stores, cap 
$16,500; 5 saw m., 7 sch. 151 scholars. Pop. 
2,773. 

Jefferson, p-t., Lincoln co., Me., 21 s. e. Au- 
gusta, 613 W. It lies around Damariscotta pond, 
the outlet of wliich forms Damariscotta r. It ha.s 
other ponds, from one of which flows Dyer's r., 
a branch of the Sheepscut r. Incorporated in 
1807. It has 11 stores, cap. $8,650 ; 2 fulling m., 
4 tanneries, 4 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $21,496. 15 sch. 345 scholars. Pop. 2,214. 

Jefferson, p-t., Coos co., N. H., 108 n. Con- 
cord, 569 W. Watered by Israel's r. A pond in 
the t. gives rise to John's r. The surface is un- 
even and mountainous, and it has some good land, 
adapted chiefly to grazing. It has 1 store, 1 grist 
m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,100. 5 sch. 
200 scholars. Pop. 575. 

Jefferson, p-t., Sclaoharie co., N. Y., 56 w. 
Albany, 375 W. The surface is hilly and moim- 
tainous ; soil, generally a poor sandy loam, ex- 
cepting in the valleys. Drained by head branches 
of Delavrare r. and branches of Schoharie cr., 
forming the height of land between Delaware and 
Hudson rivers. It has 3 stores, cap. $3,200 ; 3 
fulling m., 3 tanneries, 2 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap- 
in manufac. $3,600. 2 acad. 157 students, 18 sch. 
609 scholars. Pop. 2,033. 

Jefferson, v., Dix t., Chemung co., N. Y. 
Situated at the s. end of Seneca lake, and at the 
termination of the Chemmig canal. It has a con- 
venient steamboat landing, and contains 1 Epis- 
copal church, 3 stores, 3 warehouses, 1 flouring 
m., 1 steam saw m., 1 plaster m., 30 dwellings. 



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and about 200 inhabitants. A steamboat runs 
daily, 40 miles, to Geneva. 

Jeffeilson, t., Morris cc, N. J., 15 n. w. Mor- 
ristovvn. The surface is covered with mountains, 
except one deep and narrow valley. Drained by 
Rooliaway r., which affords good water power. 
Hurd's pond, H m. long and 1 wide, enters Ho- 
patcong lake, from 3 to 4 ms. long and 1 wide, 
covering 3,000 acres, which forms a feeder to the 
summit level of the Morris canal. Iron is exten- 
sively found in the mountains. It contains 2 
stores, cap. $35,000; 11 bloomeries, 1 distillery, 
2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. §8,100. 
5 sch. 175 scholars. Pop. 1,412. 

Jefferson, p-t, Greene co., Pa., 204 w. by s. 
Harrisburg, 220 W. Monongahela r. bounds it 
on the E. The surface is rolling ; soil, loam. 
The V. is situated on Ten Mile cr., 4 miles from 
its mouth, is smTounded by beautiful scenery, and 
contains 5 stores, 100 dwellings, and about 500 
inhabitants. Incorporated in 1827. There are 
in the t. 7 stores, cap. $20,150 ; 2 tanneries, 2 dis- 
tilleries, 3 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
§5,950. 5 sch. 125 scholars. Pop. 1,295. 

Jefferson, t., Alleghany co.. Pa. It has 3 
stores, cap. $10,300 ; 1 tannery, 7 distilleries, 2 
flouring m., 5 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $36,175. 10 sch. 450 scholars. Pop. 1,779. 

Jefferson, t., Fayette co., Pa. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $4,200; 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, I glass 
house, 1 paper fac, 1 flouring m., 3 grist m., 5 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $12,485. 3 sch. 75 
scholars. Pop. 1,316. 

Jefferson, t., Luzerne co., Pa. It has 3 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $1,100. Pop. 2S2. 

Jefferson, p-t., capital of Ashtabula co., O., 
204 N. e. Columbus, 338 W. Situated on Mills' 
or., 10 miles from its entrance into Lake Erie. It 
contains a brick court house, 40 by 50 feet, an 
academy, 3 stores, and a piinting office, issuing a 
weekly newspaper. The t. contains 5 sch. 110 
scholars. Pop. 710. 

Jefferson, t., Adams co., O. It contains the 
V. of Brush Creek Furnace, 11 E. of West Union. 
It has 5 stores, cap. $1,200 ; 1 flouring ra. Cap. 
in manufac. $3,650. 1 sch. 50 scholars. Pop. 
937. 

Jefferson, t., Clinton co., O. It has 1 store, 
cap. $100 ; 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $235. 3 
sch. 216 scholars. Pop. 474. 

Jefferson, t., Coshocton co., O. Pop. 771. 

Jefferson, t., Franklin co., O., 12 e. by n. 
Columbus. Watered by Black Lick and Rocky 
fork of Big Walnut creeks. The surface is lev- 
el ; soil, moderately fertile. It has 12 sch. 300 
scholars. Pop. 1,040. 

Jefferson, t., Guernsey co., O. It has 3 sch. 
90 scholars. Pop. 941. 

Jefferson, t., Jackson co., O., 6 or 8 ms. e. 
Jackson C. H. It has 1 sch. 26 scholars. Pop. 
752. 

Jefferson, t., La Fayette co., O. It has 2 
stores, cap. $7,000 ; 3 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $1,450. 12 sch. 300 scholars. Pop. 
1,949. ' 

Jefferson, t., Logan co., O. It has 5 sch. 135 
scholars. Pop. 1,527. 

Jefferson, t., Knox co., O. It has 5 sch. 180 
scholars. Pop. 988. 

Jeffersom, t., Montgomery co., O. It contains 
the village of Liberty, and has 3 grist m., 3 saw 
m., and 8 distilleries, 5 sch. 260 scholars. Pop. 
1,89d. '^ 

Jefferson, t., Madison cc, O., 14 w. Colum- 
bus. The national road passes through it. Wa- 
tered by Little Darby cr. The v. contains 295 
inhabitants. The t. has 5 stores, cap. $63,000 ; 2 



tanneries, 1 grist m, 1 sawm. Cap. in manulac. 
$10,650. 12 sch. 370 scholars. Pop. 6)7. 

Jefferson, t,, Mercer co., O. It has 1 sch. 
25 scholars. Pop. 36^*. 

Jefferson, t., Muskingum cc, O. It contains 
the V. of Dresden, and has 2 flouring m., 3 saw 
m., 6 sch. 376 scholars. Pop. 1,369. 

Jefferson, t., Preble co., O. The national 
road passes through it. . Pop. 2,164. 

Jefferson, t., Ross co., O. The Scioto r. runs 
on its s. w. border. Drained by Walnut and Salt 
creeks and their tributaries, the latter of which 
affords water power. Pop. 871. 

Jefferson, t., Richland co., O. It has 9 sch. 
950 scholars. Pop. 2,325. 

I Jefferson, t., Scioto co., O. It borders on 
Scioto r., on which the bottom land is very fer- 
tile. It has 2 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 578. 

Jefferson, t., Tuscarawas co., O. It has 2 
saw m., 5 sch. 336 scholars. Pop. 992. 

Jefferson, t., Williams co., O. It has 1 grist 
m. Cap in manufac. $4,000. 1 sch. 25 scholars 
Pop. 353. 

Jefferson, p-v., Clinton co., la., 46 n. by w. 
Indianapolis, 604 W. Situated on the borders 
of a beautiful prairie, 4 ms. w. of Frankfort, and 
contains 2 or 3 stores, and about 75 inhabitants. 

Jefferson, t., Miami co., la. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $6,000; 2 flouring m., 2 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $1,400. 1 sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 481. 

Jefferson, t.. Noble co., la. Pop. 68. 

Jefferson, t., Putnam co., la. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $2,700 ; 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 4 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $3,010. 8 sch. 489 scholars. 
Pop. 1,129. 

Jefferson, t.. Saline co.. Mo. It has 1 scli. 
8 scholars. Pop. 765. 

Jefferson, t., Wayne co.. Mo. It has 1 sch. 
18 scholars. Pop. 326. 

Jefferson, t., Jefferson co.. Wis. It has 1 
sch. 42 scholars. Pop. 250. 

Jefferson, p-v., Frederick co., Md., 83 n. w. 
Annapolis, 51 W. 

Jefferson, p-o., Powhatan cc, Va., 34 w. 
Richmond, 136 W. 

Jefferson, p-v., capital of Ashe co., N. C, 
202 w. N. w. Raleigh, 366 W. Situated on the 
w. side of New river. It contains a court house, 
jail, several stores and dwellings. 

Jefferson, p-v., capital of Jackson co., Ga., 
95 N. Milledgeville, 630 W. Situated on w. side 
of Oconee r. It contains a court house, jail, an 
academy, several stores, and about 25 dwellings. 

Jefferson, p-v., capital of Cherokee co., Ala., 
152 N. E. Tuscaloosa, 677 W. Situated on the 
N. side of Coosa r. It has a court house, and 
several dwellings. 

Jefferson, p-v., Rutherford co., Tenn., 22 s. 
E. Nashville, 677 W. Situated on w. side of 
Stone's r., a branch of Cumberland r., at the 
junction of the West Fork. 

Jefferson, t., Cass co., Mich. The soil is 
fertile, adapted to grain. It has 1 grist m., 2 saw 
in. Cap. in manufac. $1,700. 1 sch. 25 scholars. 
Pop. 471. 

Jefferson, p-t., capital of Jefferson co.. Wis., 
36 E. Madison, 834 W. It has 1 sch. 42 scholars. 
Pop. 250. 

Jefferson Barracks, p-v., and U. S. Blili- 
tary Station, St. Louis co.. Mo., 142 E. Jefferson 
City, 822 W. 

Jefferson City, p-v., capital of Cole co., and 
of the state of IMissouri, 936 w. Washington City. 
Situated on the s. bank of the Missouri r., on ele- 
vated and uneven ground, and contains a state 
house, a governor's house, which is large and 
elegant, a state penitentiary, an academy, several 



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large mercantile establishments, and a fine steam 
saw m., 200 dwellings, and 1,174 inhabitants. 

Jefferso.v, t., Cole co., Mo. It has 1 acad. 
33 students, 2 sch. 42 scholars. Pop. 2,043. 

Jefferson, t., Clarke co., Mo. It has 1 sch. 
13 scholars. Pop. 357. 

Jefferson, t., Johnson co., Mo. It has 1 sch. 
20 scholars. Pop. 748. 
Jefferson, t., Livingston co.. Mo. Pop. 502. 

Jefferson, t., Monroe co.. Mo. It has 4 sch. 
101 scholars. Pop. 1,507. 

Jefferson, t., Sevier co.. Ark. It has 1 store, 
cap. $1,500 ; 1 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $600. 
1 sch. 35 scholars. Pop. 383. 

Jefferson Hall, p-o., Greene co., Ga., 53 n. 
Milledgeville, 592 W. 

Jeffersonton, p-v., Culpepper co., Va., 112 
N. N. w. Richmond, 61 W. Situated on the w 
side of Rappahannock r. It contains 1 Baptist 
church, 3 stores, 1 tannery, and about 300 in- 
habitants. Lee's Sulphur Springs are in the 
vicinity. 

Jeffersonton, p-v., capital of Camden co., 
Ga., 270 s. s. e. Milledgeville, 779 VV. Situated 
on the s. side of St. Ilia r., at the head of naviga- 
tion. It contains a court house, jail, several 
stores, and about 50 dwellings. 

Jeffersontown, p-v., Jefferson co., Ky., 66 
w. Frankfort, 608 W. It has 3 churches and 
about 350 inhabitants. 

Jeffersonville, p-v., Lamoille co., Vt., 45 n. 
Montpelier, 545 VV. 

Jeffersonville, p-v., Norristown t., Mont- 
gomery CO., Pa., 101 e. Ilarrisburg, 159 W. It 
contains a store and 10 or 12 dwellings. 

Jeffersonville, p-v., Fayette co., O., 60 s. 
w. Columbus, 453 W. 

Jeffersonville, Tazewell co., Va. (See 
Tazewell C. H. 

Jeffersonville, p-v., Clark co., la., 117 s. by 
E. Indianapoli.s, 597 W. It is situated on a high 
bank, on n. side of Ohio r., opposite Louisville, 
Ky., and just above the rapids of the Ohio. 
There is a good landing here, caused by an eddy 
in the river. It has a ship yard, an iron foundry, 
6 stores, a steam grist and saw m., and about 700 
inhabitants. 

Jeffress' Store, p-o., Nottoway co., Va., 74 
s. w. Richmond, 193 W. 

Jeffrey's Creek, p-o., Marion dist., S. C, 129 
E. Columbia, 470 W. 

Jellico, p-o., Whitley co., Ky., 139 s. s. e. 
Frankfort, 557 W. 

Jena, p-o., Tuscaloosa co., Ala., 21 Tuscaloo- 
sa, 839 W. 

Jenks, t., Jefferson co., Pa. It has 1 saw^ m. 
Cap. in manufac. $500. Pop. 20. 

Jenkins' Store, p-o., Anson co., N. C, 168 
s. w. Raleigh, 413 W. 

Jenkintown, p-v., Montgomery co., Pa., 107 
E. Harrisburg, 148 W. 

Jenner, t., Somerset co.. Pa., 12 n. w. Somer- 
set b. The surface is rolling ; soil, reddish clay. 
Drained by Beaver Dam run, on which coal is 
found. The b. contains a store and 12 or 15 
dwellings. The t. has 3 stores, cap. $12,500 ; 1 
fuUing m., 1 woollen fac, 3 tanneries, 4 distille- 
ries, 6 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$10,000. 1 sch. 37 scholars. Pop. 1,469. 

Jen'nersville, p-v., Chester co.. Pa., 69 e. by 
s. Harrisburg, 98 W. It is pleasantly situated in 
a fertile country, and contains 2 stores, 30 or 35 
dwellings, and a Friends church in the vicinity. 

Jennings, county, la. Situated toward the s. 
.E. part of the state, and contams 330 sq. ms. 
The surface is hilly ; soil, calcareous loam. Or- 
ganised in 1816. Watered by Graham's Fork, 
40 



and N. fork of Muscatatack r. and Sand cr., 
which afford good water power. The Madison 
and Indianapolis railroad is located through the 
CO. Capital, Vernon. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 7,233, sheep 7,037, swine 14,318 ; wheat 
56,691 bush, produced, rye 1,971, Indian corn 
170,115, oats 81,233, potatoes 9,515, tobacco 21,425 
pounds ; 18 stores, cap. $39,700 ; 9 tanneries, 4 
distilleries, 2 flouring m., 10 grist m., 16 saw m., 
1 printing office, 1 vieekly newspaper. Cap. in 
manufac. $42,200. 2 acad. 135 students, 17 sch. 
555 scholars. Pop. 8,829. 

Jennings, t.. Van Wert co., O. Pop. 88. 

Jennings, t., Putnam co., O. Pop. 360. 

Jennings, p-o., Franklin co., la., 79 e. s. e. 
Indianapolis. 

Jenning's Gap, p-o., Augusta co., Va., 129 w. 
N. w. Richmond, 156 W. 

Jenning's Ordinary, p-o., Nottoway co., Va., 
75 s. w. Richmond, 182 W. 

Jennon's Run, p-o., Alleghany co., Md. 

Jericho, p-t., Chittenden co., Vt., 52 n. w. 
Montpelier, 528 w. Onion r. runs on its s. w. 
border. Watered by Brown's r., which, witli 
other streams, afford water power. Chartered in 
1763. Organized in 1786. The surface is un- 
even ; soil, on the streams, rich and fertile. It 
has 3 stores, cap. $9,000 ; 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 
6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,800. 1 acad. 
50 students, 9 sch. 455 scholars. Pop. 1,685. 

Jericho, p-v.. Oyster Bay t., Queens co., N. 
v., 173 s. by E. Albany, 253 W. It contains 1 
Friends church, 3 stores, 1 tannery, 40 dwellings, 
and about 200 inhabitants. 

Jericho, p-v., Wayne co., N. C, 71 s. w. Ra- 
leigh, 301 W. 

Jericho, p-v., Perry co., Ala., 53 s. Tuscaloo- 
sa, 821 W. 

Jericho Centre, p-v., Jericho t., Chittenden 
CO., Vt., 32 N. w. Montpelier, 518 W. It contains 
a Congregational church, a store, and several 
dwellmgs. 

Jeromesville, p-v., Mohiccan t., Wayne co., 
O., 82 N. E. Columbus, 359 W. It contains 2 
churches, 5 stores, and about 40 dwellings. 

Jersey, county. 111. Situated in the w. part 
of the state, and contains 300 sq. ms. Illinois r. 
bounds it on the w. and Missis.sippi r. on the s. 
Watered by a branch of Illinois r. Capital, Jer- 
sey ville. There were in 1810, neat cattle 7,129, 
sheep 4,274, swine 14,807: wheat 39,480 bush, 
produced, Ind. corn 253,924, oats 48,077, potatoes 
16,971, tobacco 15,086 pounds, cotton 1,806; 
5 stores, cap. $23,410 ; 4 tanneries, 1 pottery, 5 
flouring m., 8 grist m., 6 saw m., 1 printing office, 
1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $61,516. 
Po|). 4,535. 

Jersey, p-v., Bradford t., Steuben co., N. Y., 
205 w. by s. Albany, 317 W. Situated on Mead 
cr., and contains 2 .stores, 1 flouring m., 2 saw m., 
1 distillery, 25 dwellings, and about 150 inhabit- 
ants. 

Jersey City, p-v., Hudson co., N. J., 58 n. e. 
Trenton, 221 W. Situated on the w. side of 
Hudson r., opposite to New York, with which it 
is connected by a ferry, on which 3 steamboats 
arc con.stantly plying. Incorporated as a city in 
1820. The ground on which it is built projects 
into Hudson r., havhig bays n. and s. of it. It is 
handsomely laid out, with broad streets, crossing 
each other at right angles. It contains 4 churches 
— 1 Episcopal, 1 Dutch Reformed, 1 Methodist, 
and 1 Roman Catholic — a Lyceum, with a hand- 
some brick edifice, a female academy, and a high 
school for boys, a bank, an cvtensive pottery, 
where beaiitirul delfware is produced lo the an- 
nual amomit of .$200,500, a Hint glass fac, whicli 



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employs 100 hands, producing plain and cut glass 
to the amount of $200,000 annually, 3 lumber j 
yards with a cap. of $3,000, 2 iron foundries, 
300 dwellings, many of them large and elegant. 
The New Jersey railroad, which is continued to 
Philadelphia, and the Patterson and Hudson rail- 
road commence here, and have a fine depot, and 
the Morris canal, 101 miles long, connecting the 
Delaware and Hudson rivers, terminates here, 
with a large basin. Tlie Thatched Cottage Garden 
is a beautiful place of summer resort. It has 23 
stores, cap. $27,000 ; 2 printing offices, 1 bindery, 
2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufacture.s, 
$203,000. 11 sch. 339 scholars. Pop. 3,072. 
Directly w. of Jersey city is a settlement, called 
Harsiraus, which contains 1 Baptist church, 1 
iron foundry, 1 rope-wallv, 1 starch fac, and 
about 25 dwellings. To the n. of this is another 
considerable settlement, called Pavonia, which 
contains 3 carpet fac, and about 50 dwellings. 
Both of these may be considered as suburbs of 
Jersey city. 

Jersey, p-t., Licldng co., O., 35 n. e. Colum- 
bus, 384 W. It is in a well cultivated region, 
and contains 1 store. It has 4 sch. 207 scholars. 
Pop. 932. 

Jersey Settlement, p-o., Davidson co., N. 
Carolina. 

Jersey Shore, p-b., MLfRLn t, Lycoming co.. 
Pa., 99 N. N. w. Harrisburg, 209 W. Situated on 
the N. side of tlie west branch of Susquelianna r., 
and contains 1 Methodist church, 6 stores, and 
about 100 dweUings. Incorporated in 1826. The 
Western division of the Pennsylvania canal pass- 
es through the place. It lias 11 stores, cap. 
$38,000 ; 2 tanneries. Cap. in manufac. $14,250 
2 sch. 80 scholars. Pop. .525. 

Jerseytown, p-v., Madison t., Columbia co.. 
Pa., 84 N. by e. Harrisburg, 194 W. It contains 
1 Episcopal church, 1 store, and about 30 dwell- 
ings. 

Jerseyville, p-v., capital of Jersey co.. 111., 
71 s. w. Springfield, 821 W. Beautifully situated 
in Jersey prairie, and contains a court house, 
and about 25 dwellings. 
Jessee's Store, p-o., Shelby co., Ky. 
Jerusalem, p-t., Yates co., N. Y., 5 w. Penn 
Yan, 199 w. Albany, 325 W. The surface is 
uneven ; soil, a fertile clay and gravelly loam. 
Watered by the w. branch of Crooked lake, and 
a small stream flowing into it. Jemima Wilkin- 
son, the founder of the Shakers, resided, and died 
here in 1819. It has 3 stores, cap. $9,700 ; 2 
tanneries, 1 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $24,480. 16 sch. 838 scholars. Pop. 2,935. 

Jerusalem, p-v., capital of Southampton co., 
Va., 70 E. s. E. Richmond, 189 W. It contains a 
court house, jaU, and several dwellings. 

Jerusalem South, p-v., Hempstead t.. 
Queens Co., N. Y., 176 s. by e. Albany, 256 W. 
Tlie V. is chiefly an agricultural settlement, 3 ms. 
N. of the s. post-road, and contains 1 Friends 
church, 2 stores, 1 tannery, and 25 or 30 dwell- 
ings, not very compact. 

Jessamine, county, Ky. Centrally situated 
toward the w. part of the state, and contains 256 
sq. ms. Kentucky r. bounds it on the s. e., s., 
and s. w. The surface is moderately uneven ; 
soil, fertile. Watered by Jessamine cr., Hickman 
cr., and branches of Clear cr., which flow into 
Kentucky r. Capital, Nicholasville. There were 
in 1810, neat cattle, 8,636, sheep 15,685, swine 
23,650 ; wheat 61,806 bu.sh. produced, rye 59,121, 
Ind. com 477,912, oats 76,160, potatoes 19,041, 
tobacco 73,793 pounds; 23 stores, cap. $63,125; 
1 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 352 sp., 5 tanneries, 
12 distilleries 11 flouring m., 30 grist m., 26 saw 



m., 1 pajjer fac. Cap. in manufac. $322,664. 3 
acad. 66 students, 21 sch. 534 scholars. Pop. 
9,396. 
Jessamine, t., Clark co.. Mo. Pop. 304. 
Jessup's Landing, p-v., Corinth t., Saratoga 
CO., N. Y. Situated on Hudson r., and contains 
1 church, 2 stores, 1 grist m., 2 tanneries, 35 
dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. 

Jetersville, p-o., Amelia co., Va^ 53 s. w. 
Richmond, 170 W. 

Jewett City, p-v., Griswold t.. New London 
CO., Ct., 47 E. by s. Hartford, 365 W. Situated 
on the E. side of Quinnebaug r., at the junction 
of Patchaug r., and contains 1 Congregational 
church, 5 stores, a bank, 3 cotton fac, and about 
900 inhabitants. The water power here is very 
extensive. The Norwich and Worcester railroad 
passes through the place. 

Joanna Furnace, p-o., Bucks co., Pa., 59 E. 
Harrisburg, 140 W. 

JoiiSTowN, p-v., Springfield t., Burlington co., 
N. J., 26 s. Trenton, 166 W. It contains a store, 
and 10 or 12 dwellings. 

Joachim, t., JefTerson co.. Mo. It has 1 sch. 
15 scholars. Pop. 737. 

Jo-Daviess, county. 111. Situated in the N. 
w. part of the state, and contains 724 sq. ms. 
Watered by Fever r., and Apple, Rush, and 
Plum creeks. The surface is undulating or 
hilly ; soil, well adapted to agriculture, but richer 
in mines, containing abundantly, lead and copper 
ore. Named in honor of an heroic general, who 
fell in the battle of Tippecanoe. Capital, Galena. 
Tliere were in 1840, neat cattle 4,107, sheep 519, 
swine 8,405 ; wheat 18,560 bush, produced, Ind. 
corn 103,934, oats 33,955, potatoes 59,240; 17 
stores, cap. $83,000 ; 20 smelting houses, produc- 
ing 8,755,000 pounds of lead, and 1 smeltuig 
house, gold to tlie value of $200; 9 flouring m., 
10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $77,400. 1 acad. 
70 students, 9 sch. 297 scholars. Pop. 6,180. 

Joe's Brook, or Merritt r., Vt., a branch of 
Pasumsic r., wiiich it enters in Barnet t^ afford- 
ing valuable water power. 

Joe's Lick, p-o., Madison co., Ky., 58 s. e. 
Frankfort, 556 W. 

John's, r., N. H., rises in a pond in JefTerson t., 
and flows into Connecticut r., about 20 ms. above 
the head of Fifteen Miles falls. 

John's, r., N. C, rises in the Blue ridge, in the 
N. part of Burke co., flows s., and falls into Ca- 
tawba r., near the centre of the co. 

JoiLxsBURG, p-t., Warren co., N. Y., 88 n. Al- 
bany, 457 W. The surface is hilly and moun- 
tainous ; soil, a light sandy loam. Watered by 
Hudson r. and its tributaries. The v. contains 1 
Baptist church, 3 stores, 2 grist m., 3 saw m., and 
about 25 dwellings. The t. has 3 stores, cap. 
$4,000 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 9 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $25,360. 10 sch. 304 
scholars. Pop. 1,139. 
John's Creek, p-o., Chattooga co., Ga. 
Johnson, county, N. C. Situated near the 
centre of the stale, and contauis 660 sq. ms. 
Watered by Neuse r. and its branches. Moc- 
casson r. runs on its n. e. boundary. Capital, 
Smilhfield. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
11,152, sheep 9,011, swine 32,502; wheat 9,242 
bush, produced, rye 2,606, Ind. com 337,797, oats 
23,452, potatoes 63,581, cotton 401,169 pounds ; 
4 stores, cap. $15,000 ; 20 grist m., 15 saw m. 
Cap. iu manut;\c. $7,775. 2 acad. 42 students, 5 
sch. 77 scholars. Pop. whites 6,996, slaves 3,476, 
free col'd 127 ; total, 10,599. 

Johnson, county, Tenn. Situated in the n. e. 
part of the state, and contains 300 sq. ms. Watered 
by Watauga r. and its branches, a tributary of 



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Holston r. The surface is a valley, between 2 
mountain ridges, on its s. e. and n. w. borders. 
Capital, Taylorsville. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 2,878, sheep 3,789, swine 4,510; wheat 
5,690 bush, produced, rye 4,530, Ind. corn 33,423, 
buckwheat 2,856, oats 53,710, potatoes 22,118; 3 
stores, cap. $20,000 ; 1 furnace, 19 forges, 1 tan- 
nery, 21 distilleries, 21 grist m., 13 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $9,325. Pop. 2,658. 

Johnson, county, la. Situated centrally to- 
ward the s. part of the state, and contains 320 sq. 
ms. Organized in 1822. Drained by Sugar, 
Young's, Indian, and Stott's creeks. The sur- 
face is undulating ; soil, very fertile. The JVIadi- 
son and Indianapolis railroad is located through 
it. Capital, Franklin. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 9,809, sheep 11,797, swme 30,797; wheat 
46,118 bush, produced, Ind. corn 497,028, oats 
81,747, potatoes 14,121, tobacco 49,484 pounds, 
sugar 29,824 ; 25 stores, cap. $31,425 ; 9 tanneries, 
7 distilleries, 3 flouring m., 10 grist m., 12 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $39,594. 1 acad. 40 students, 
6 sch. 160 scholars. Pop. 9,352. 

Johnson, county. 111. Situated in the s. part 
of the state, and contains 486 sq. ms. Organized 
in 1812. Watered by Cash r., and Big Bay cr. 
Ohio r. washes its s. boundary. Ten or 12 ms. 
from Ohio r. is a line of ponds, interspersed with 
ridges, and fertile islands. At high water a cur- 
rent passes from Big Bay r. into Cash r. To the 
s. of these ponds, the land is rich, and thickly 
populated, but unhealthy. The surface is level ; 
soil, sandy. Capital, Vienna. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 2,250, sheep 1,807, swine 12,766 ; 
wheat 7,514 bush, produced, Ind. corn 150,541, 
oats 13,828, potatoes 5,493, tobacco 18,319 pounds, 
cotton 24,787, sugar 6,846 ; 12 stores, capital, 
$20,775; 1 tannery, 3 distilleries, 11 grist m., 2 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,625. 12 sch. 320 
scholars. Pop. 3,626 

Johnson, county, Iowa. Situated in the w. 
part of the ter., and contains 610 sq. ms. The 
surface is uneven ; soil, fertile. Watered by 
Iowa r. and its branches. Capital, Iowa city. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 987, sheep 44, 
swine 1,075 ; Ind. corn 10,700 bush, produced, 
potatoes 2,400 ; 4 stores, cap. $7,000 ; 2 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $3,000. Pop. 1,491. 

Johnson, county. Mo. Situated in the w. part 
of the state, and contains 785 sq. miles. Drained 
by Blackwater r. and its tributaries, and a branch 
of La Miner. Capital, Warrensburg. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 7,617, sheep 5,578, swine 
23,553 ; wheat 4,135 bush, produced, Indian corn 
230,375, oats 49,953, potatoes 10,325, tobacco 
24,547 pounds, cotton 1,128 ; 10 stores, capital 
$31,456; 1 tannery, 6 distilleries, 16 grist m., 6 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $19,385. 11 sch. 286 
scholars. Pop. 4,471. 

Johnson, county, Ark. Situated toward the 
w. part of the state, and contains 900 square ms. 
Arkansas r. passes through the co., and several 
tributaries enter it here. Surface, hilly and 
broken ; soil, on the margins of streams, fertile. 
Capital, Clarksville. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 5,344, sheep 833, swine 13,702 ; wheat 7,023 
bush, produced, Ind. corn 197,925, oats 6,635, pota- 
toes 15,486, tobacco ] 4,755 pounds, cotton 296,468 ; 
15 stores, capital $69,666 ; 3 tanneries, 1 powder 
m., 9 gri.st m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $20,200. 
6 sch. 138 scholars. Pop. wliites 2,839, slaves 
591, free col'd 3 ; total, 3,433. 

Johnson, p-t., Lamoille co., Vt., 36 n. n. w. 
Montpelier, 550 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, 
sandy loam, easily tilled, and productive. Wa- 
tered by Lamoille r. and some branches, wlrich 
afford good water power. The v. is at the en- 



trance of North branch into Lamoille r.,and con- 
tains a number of mills. McConnell's falls, in 
the Lamoille, have 15 feet perpendicular descent, 
and 100 rods below is a whirlpool, formed by a 
barrier of rocks across the r., wliich, at low water, 
constitutes a natural bridge. Soapstone and pot- 
ter's clay are found here. There are in the t. 4 
stores, cap. $18,300 ; 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 

1 printing otTice, 1 weekly paper, 1 grist m., 6 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $14,300. 1 acad. 100 
students, 12 sch. 492 scholars. Pop. 1,410. 

Johnson, borough, Cambria co.. Pa. It has 15 
stores, cap. $37,900 ; 10 com. houses, cap. $5,900 ; 

2 tanneries, 1 brewery. Cap. in manufactures 
$12,390. 7 sch. 335 scholars. Pop. 1,277. 

Johnson, t., Champaign co., O. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $2,000 ; 2 gri.st m., 3 saw m. 6 sch. 120 
scholars. Pop. 1,213. 

Johnson, t., Barry co., Mich. It has cap. in 
manufac. $500. 2 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 227. 

Johnson, t., St. Francis co.. Ark. It has 3 
stores, cap. $6,000 ; 2 sch. 50 scholars. Pop. 934. 

Johnson, t., Licking co., O. It has 2 sch. 65 
scholars. Pop. 216. 

Johnson, t., Trumbull co., O., 10 or 12 n. e. 
Warren. The name of the post-office is Johnson- 
ville. It has 8 sch. 270 scholars. Pop. 869. 

Johnson, t.. La Grange co., la. It has 1 store, 
cap. $1,300 ; 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,200. 
2 sch. 29 scholars. Pop. 275. 

Johnson, t.. Gasconade co., Mo. Pop. 626. 

Johnson, t., Polk co.. Mo. Pop. 636. 

Johnson, t., Crawford co., Mo. Pop. 743. 

Johnsonburg, p-o., Orangeville t, Wyoming 
CO., N. Y., 261 w. Albany, 367 W. 

Johnsonburg, p-v., Hardwick t., Warren co., 
N. J., 70 N. by w. Trenton, 227 W. Situated on 
Bear branch of Pequest cr., which affords water 
power. It contains 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 
1 Episcopal, and 1 Christian — 2 stores, 1 grist m., 
and about 30 dwellings. 

Johnson's, p-o., Montgomery co., Tenn., 61 n. 
w. Nashville, 750 W. 

Johnson's, p-o., Warren co.. Miss. 

Johnson's Creek, p-o., Niagara co., N. Y. 

Johnson's Mills, p-o., Pitt co., N. C, 114 E. 
by s. Raleigh, 308 W. 

Johnson's Springs, p-o., Goochland co., Va., 
27 w. n. w. Richmond, 144 W. 

Johnson's Store, p-o., Coweta co., Ga., 116 
w. by N. Milledgeville, 722 W. 

JoHNsoNviLi.E, p-v., Cumberland co., N. C, 
65 s. Raleigh, 353 W. 

JoHNsoNviLLE, p-o., Johusou t., Trumbull co., 
O., 154 N. E. Columbu.s, 308 W. 

John's River, p-o., Caldwell co., N. C, 65 w. 
Raleigh, 353 W. 

Johnston, t.. Providence co., R. I., 5 w. Provi- 
dence. The surface is varied ; soil, adapted to 
grazing. It contains a valuable quarry of free- 
stone. Watered by Wanasquattuck and Pow- 
chasset rivers, and Cedar brook, a tributary of 
the latter. There are two Baptist and 1 Friends 
churches. Incorporated in 1759. It has 6 stores, 
cap. $6,300; 16 cotton fac. 86,600 sp., 5 dyeing 
establishments, 5 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $284,340. 12 sch. 632 scholars. Pop. 
2,477. 

Johnston, p-v., Rush co., la., 39 e. by s. In- 
dianapolis, 543 W. 

Johnston, p-v., Marion co.. Ark., 170 n. Little 
Rock, 1,096 W. 

Johnston's, po., Madison co., O., 34 w. Co- 
lumbus, 427 W. 

Johnstownville, p-o., Monroe co., Ga., 64 w. 
Milledgeville, 680 W. 

Johnstown, p-t., capital of Fulton co., N- Y., 



JON 



316 



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46 N. w. Albany, 410 W. The surface is hilly ; 
soil, argillaceous loam. Drained by Garoga and 
Ciiyadutta creeks. The v. is situated on ele- 
vated ground, 4 ms. n. Mohawk r. Incorporated 
in 1808. It contains a court house and jail, built 
in 1772, a county clerk's office, an academy, a 
bank, 6 churches — 2 Presbyterian, 1 Lutheran, 1 
Dutch Reformed, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Methodist — 
15 stores, 2 grist m., 1 tannery, 1 gun and rifle 
fac, 1 carriage fac, and 2 printing offices. Here 
is a sulphur spring. The Episcopal church wa.s 
erected by Sir William Johnson, in about 1772. 
There are in the t. 26 stores, cap. $83,375 ; 2 
lumber yards, cap. $3,000 ; 2 fulling m., 4 tan- 
neries, 1 paper fac, 2 printing oflices, 2 weekly 
papers, 6 grist m., 35 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$285,743. 2 acad. 235 students, 24 sch. 1,10'J 
scholars. Pop. 5,409. 

Johnstown, p-b., Connemaugh t., Cambria co.. 
Pa., 150 w. Harrisburg, 170 VV. Situated at the 
junction of Stony cr. with Little Connemaugh r. 
It contains 200 acres of ground, is regularly laid 
out with streets crossing each other at right an- 
gles, and has 6 stores, 2 grist m., 3 saw m., 6 sch. 
120 scholars. Pop. 1,213. The western division 
of the Pennsylvania canal has a large basin in the 
centre of the v., where the Portage railroad across 
the Alleghany mountain to Hollidaysburg com- 
mences. 

Johnstown, p-v., Monroe t.. Licking co., O., 
36 N. E. Columbus, 384 W. It contains 2 churches, 
3 stores, 2 warehouses, 40 dwellings, and about 
300 inhabitants. 

Johnstown, p-t., Barry co., Mich., 128 w. De- 
troit, 593 W. It has 1 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $500. 2 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 227. 

Johnstown, p-o., Rock co., Wis., 53 s. e. Mad- 
ison, 818 W. 

JoHNsviLLE, p-o., Fishkill t., Dutchess co., N. 
Y., 86 s. Albany, 290 W. 

JoHNSviLLE, p-v., Frederick co., Md., 74 n. w. 
Annapolis, 59 W. 

JoHNSviLLE, p-v., Dyer co., Tenn., 174 w. 
Nashville, 864 W. 

Jolly, t., Washington co., O. It has 2 sch. 
75 scholars. Pop. 582. 

JoNESBURG, p-v., capital of Camden co., N. C. 
(See Camden C. H.) 

Jones's Bluff, p-o., Sumter co., Ala., 59 s. w. 
Tuscaloosa, 877 W. 

Jones, county, N. C. Situated in the s. e. 
part of the state, and contains 380 sq. ms. The 
surface is level, and much of it marshy. Water- 
ed by Trent r., with its branches, which flows 
into Neuse r. Capital, Trenton. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 4,739, sheep 4,089, swine 15,951 ; 
wheat 5,204 bushels produced, rye 1,184, Indian 
com 223,520, oats 8,705, potatoes 36,529, rice 
30,490 pounds, cotton 1,150,208; 2 stores, cap. 
$8,000 ; 2 distilleries, 15 grist m., 8 .saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $10,555. 4 sch. 81 scholars. Pop. 
whites 1,947, slaves 2,818, free col'd 180 ; total, 
4,945. 

Jones, county, Ga. Situated in the central 
part of the state, and contains 360 sq. miles. Oc- 
mulgee r. runs on its w. border. Cedar cr., with 
its branches, in the n., flows into Oconee r. Fall- 
ing cr., and Walnut cr., with their tributaries, 
flow into the Ocmulgee river. Capital, Clinton. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 8,248, sheep 
4,219, swuie 19,853 ; wheat 23,778 bushels pro- 
duced, Ind. corn 274,938, oats 18,755, potatoes 
10,581, tobacco 18 pounds, cotton 2,754,565; 7 
stores, cap. $33,336; 5 furnaces, 29 forges, 2 tan- 
neries, 11 dislilleries, 3 flouring m., 8 grist m., 9 
saw m., 3 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $8,340. 4 
acad. 155 students, 7 sch. 211 scholars. Pop. 



whites 4,417, slaves 5,619, free colored 29 ; total, 
10,065. 

Jones, county, Miss. Situated in the s. e. 
part of the state, and contains 672 sq. ms. Drained 
by branches of Leaf r. Capital, Ellisville. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 7,329, sheep 623, swine 
6,284; Ind. com 24,880 bush, produced, potatoes 
9,080, rice 8,878 pounds, cotton 23,129. Pop. 
whites 1,194, slaves 164; total, 1,258. 

Jones, county, Iowa. Situated a little n. of 
the centre of the ter., and contains 576 sq. miles. 
Watered by Wapsipinecon r., and Makoqueta r., 
and their branches. The surface is gently un- 
dulating, having extensive prairies, and the soil 
is fertile. Capital, Edinburg. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 609, sheep 65, swine 1,.502; 
wheat 3,537 bush, produced, Indian corn 14,856, 
oats 2,286, potatoes 7,333 ; 2 grist m., 2 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $4,300. Pop. 471. 

Jones, t., Hancock co., la. It has I store, cap. 
$150; 1 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $500. Pop. 
460. 

JoNESBOROUGH, p-t., Washington co.. Me., 143 
E. N. E. Augusta, 725 W. Situated at the head 
of Englishman's bay. Watered by Chandler's 
r. Incorporated in 1809. It has 3 stores, cap. 
$2,500 ; 1 grist m., 3 saw m. 4 sch. 176 scholars. 
Pop. 392. 

Jonesborough, p-o., Brunswick co., Va., 99 s 
by w. Richmond, 215 W. 

Jonesborough, p-v., Jefferson co., Ala., 43 N, 
e. Tuscaloosa, 773 W. 

Jonesborough, p-v., capital of Wasliington 
CO., Tenn., 283 e. Nashville, 412 W. Situated 
on Little Limestone cr., 1 mile from its source, 10 
ms. s. of the Holston r. It contains a court house, 
jail, 1 Methodist and 1 Presbyterian church, 2 
academics, and about 900 inhabitants. 

Jonesborough, p-o., Spencer co., la., 146 s. s. 
w. Indianapolis, 673 W. 

Jonesborough, p-v., capital of Union co., ID. 
It has a court house, a brick jail, 2 places of wor- 
ship, 7 stores, 1 carding machine, and about 25 
dwellings. 

JoNE.s's Creek, p-o.. Liberty co., Ga. 

Jones's Creek, p-o., Randolph co.. 111., 157 s. 
Springfield, 849 W. 

Jones's Cross Roads, p-o., Dicksan co., Tenn., 
40 w. Nashville, 724 W. 

JoNESPORT, p-t., Washington co., Me., 147 e. 
by N. Augusta, 730 W. It has Englishman's bay 
on the E., and Addison bay, with a small r. en- 
tering it, on the w. It has a good harbor. It con- 
tains 4 stores, cap. $3,500; 1 saw m., 4 sch. 250 
scholars. Pop. 576. 

Jones's Tan Yard, p-o., Calloway co.. Mo., 
30 N. e. Jefferson city, 909 W. 

Jonestown, p-v., Lebanon co.. Pa., 29 e. Har- 
risburg, 139 W. Situated near the confluence of 
Great and Little Swatara creeks, and contains 3 
churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Lutheran, and 1 Ger- 
man Reformed — several stores, and about 100 
dwellings. 

Jonesville, p-o., Chfton Park t, Saratoga co., 
N. Y., 21 N. Albany, 391 W. 

Jonesville, p-v., capital of Lee co., Va., 334 
vv. by s. Richmond, 452 W. Situated on a branch 
of Powell's river. It contains a handsome coiu^ 
house, jail, 1 church, free to all denominations, 4 
stores, and 200 inhabitants. The scenery around 
is romantic and beautiful. 

Jonesville, p-v., Surry co., N. C, 160 w. N. 
w. Raleigh, 364 W. 

Jonesville, p-v., Union dist., S. C, 81 N. w. 
Columbia, 475 W. 

Jonesville, p-v., Salem t., Monroe co., O., 129 
E. Columbus, 285 W. 



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317 



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JoNESviLLE, p-v., Capital of Hillsdale co., 
Mich., 92 w. s. w. Detroit, 540 W. Situated on 
the E. bank of St. Joseph r. of Michigan lake, and 
contains a courthouse, jail, 1 Presbyterian church, 
8 stores, and 2 flouring m. 

Jordan, p-v., Elbridge t., Onondaga co., N. Y., 
152 w. by N. Albany, 350 W. Situated on the 
Erie canal. Incorporated in 1835. It contains 3 
churches, 10 stores, 3 flouring m., 1 pump fac, 1 
wooden ware fac, 1 sash fac, 1 clothier's works, 
1 tannery, 175 dwellings, and about 1,200 inhab- 
itants. 

Jordan's Mills, p-o., Orangeburg dist., S. C, 
113 s. Columbia, 618 W. 

Jordan's Prairie, p-o., JefTerson co., 111., 122 
s. s. E. Springfield, 784 W. 

Josco, p-o., Livingston co., Mich., 61 w. by n. 
Detroit, 564 W. 

Josephine, p-o., McLean county, EL, 93 n. e. 
Springfield, 762 W. 

Joslin's Corners, p-o., Sullivan t., Madison 
CO., N. Y., 125 w. by n. Albany, 370 W. 

JuDsviLLE, p-v., Surry co., N. C, 163 w. N. w. 
Raleigh, 369 W. 

JuMET, p-v., capital of Will co.. 111., 165 n. e. 
by E. Springfield, 742 W. Situated on both sides 
of Des Plaines r., afTording good water power, at 
the crossing place of the Illinois and Michigan 
canal. It contains I Episcopal and 1 Methodist 
church, 1 saw m., 1 grist m., and 6 or 700 inliab- 
itants. The precinct contains 2 acad. 50 students, 
7 sch. 210 sclwlars. Pop. 2,558. 

JuLiusTOWN, p-v., Springfield t., Burlington 
CO., N. J., 24 s. Trenton, 164 W. It contains 2 
stores, and about 30 dwellings. 

Junction, p-o., Schagticoke t., Rensselaer co., 
N.Y., 16 E. Albany, 386 W. 

Junction, p-o., Hanover co., Va., 24 n. Rich- 
mond, 93 W. 

Juniata, county. Pa. Situated a little s. of 
the centre of the state, and contauis 360 sq. ms. 
Organized in 1831. Watered by Juniata r., and 



Licking and Tuscarora creeks. The surface is 
liilly and mountainous; soil, fertile in the val- 
leys. Capital, Mifl[lin. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 11,089, sheep 12,023, swine 18,604; wheat 
219,859 bush, produced, rye 69,219, Indian com 
162,659, buckwheat 17,726, barley 3,035, oats 
156,072, potatoes 58,320 ; 33 stores, cap. $112,600; 
9 fulling m., 21 tanneries, 5 distilleries, 11 flour- 
ing m., 17 grist m., 52 saw m., 3 printing offices, 
3 weekly newspapers. Capital in manufactures, 
$185,690. 2 acad. 33 students, 63 seti. 2,375 sclio- 
lars. Pop. 11,080. 

Juniata, r.. Pa., one of the principal tributa- 
ries of the Susquehanna river, is formed by the 
Raystown and Frankstown branches, which ri.se 
at the foot of the Alleghany mountains. It unites 
with the Susquehanna r. 15 ms. above Harris- 
burg. The Pennsylvania canal passes along the 
Juniata and its Frankstown branch, to Hollidays- 
burg. 

Juniata, p-t.. Perry co.. Pa., 39 w. n. w. liar-- 
risburg, 131 W. It contains Bloorafield v., the 
capital of the co. The surface consists of moun- 
tain ridges and valleys. The soil is gravel, slate, 
and calcareous loam, in the valleys. Watered 
by Racoon, BufTalo, and Little Buffalo creeks. Il 
has 3 stores, cap. $4,800 ; 1 furnace, 2 tanneries, 
1 pottery, 5 flouring m., 15 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $25,227. 11 sch. 440 scholars. Population, 
1,450. 

Junius, p-t., Seneca co., N. Y., 8 n. Waterloo, 
182 w. Albany, 352 W. Tlie surface is various; 
soil, in some parts, fertile. It has 1 store, cap. 
$5,000 ; 1 tannery. Cap. in manufac. $2,000. 6 
sch. 213 scholars. Pop. 1,594. 

Junto, p-o.. Orange co., N.C.,54n. w. Raleigh, 
278 W. 

Jupiter, p-o., Madison co.. Ark., 146 n. w. 
Little Rock, 1,211 W. 

JvKiLL, island and sound, Ga. Situated in the 
s. E. part of Glynn co., at the mouth of Turtle and 
Scilla rivers. 



K. 



Kaatsberg, or Katskill, mts. (See Catskill 
mountains.) 

Kaaterskill, N. Y., a stream which rises from 
2 ponds, each half a mile in circumference, and 
each half a mile in the rear of the Mountaui 
House, on Catskill moimtain. 2 ms. w. of the 
house, the stream has remarkable falls, first of 
175 feet perpendicularly, tlien 85 feet more, mak- 
ing the whole descent of the cataract 260 feet. 
It then plunges into a dark and dreary chasm, 
and pursuing its way to the valley below, enters 
Catskill cr. near Catskill v. 

Kalamazoo, r., Mich., rises in Hillsdale co., 
and after a course, generally w. n. w., with many 
windings, of 200 ms., with a direct course of not 
over 90 ms., enters Lake Michigan, 41 ms. n. of 
St. Joseph r., and 29 ms. s. of Grand r. Its aver- 
age depth for 8 ms. from its mouth is 12 feet. It 
waters the counties of Hillsdale, Calhoun, Kala- 
mazoo, and Allegan. The bar at its mouth has 6 
or 7 feet at low water. It is navigable at all times, 
33 ms., to Allegan, for boats of 50 tons. It af- 
fords, with its tributaries, extensive water power. 

Kalamazoo, county, Mich. Situated toward 
the s. w. part of the state, and contains 576 sq. 
ms. Organized in 1830. Watered by Kalama- 
zoo and Portage rivers, and Four Mde, Gull, and 
Bear creeks. The surface is level, or gently un- 
dulating. The soil is a very fertile black loam. 
Capital, Kalamazoo. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 7,061, sheep 3,694, swine 13,665 ; wheat 
161,168 bush, produced, Ind. corn 125,023, buck- 



wheat 1,415, barley 5,979, oats 157,866, potatoes 
71,355, sugar 44,439 pounds ; 20 stores, capital 
$78,300 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 
6 grist m., 22 saw m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly 
newspapers. Cap. in manufac. 19,440. 1 college, 
70 students, 1 acad. 20 students, 50 schools, 1,739 
scholars. Pop. 7,380. 

Kalamazoo, p-t., capital of Kalamazoo co., 
Mich., 141 w. Detroit, 605 W. The v. is situated 
on the w. bank of Kalamazoo r. It has a court 
house, jail, the Huron Literary Institute, and a 
branch of the University oi' Michigan, a l)ranch 
of Michigan bank, 1 Presbyterian church, 8 stores, 
1 flourmg m. Tliere are in the t., 13 stores, cap. 
$38,300 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 distilleries, 2 
grist m., 5 saw m., 2 printing offices, 2 weeldy 
newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $12,900. 2 sch. 
110 scholars. Pop. 1,290. 

Kalamo, t., Eaton co., Mich. It has 1 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. ,$500. Pop. 139. 

Kalida, p-v., capital of Putnam co., O., 114 n. 
w. Colmnbus, 479 W. Situated on the e. bank 
of Ottowa r., H m. from its junction with Au- 
glaize r. It contains a court house, jail, 3 stores, 
25 dwellings, and about 150 inhabitants. 

Kanakanic, t., Milwaukee co., Wis. It has 1 
sch. 9 scholars. Pop. 404. 

Kanawha, river, Va., rises in North Carolina, 
and, running n. and n. w., falls into the Ohio, at 
Point Pleasant, 252 ms. below Pittsburg. About 
100 ras. from its mouth are tlie Great Falls, where 
the r. descends perpendicularly 50 feet. On its 



KAN 



318 



KEE 



banks, 66 ms. from its mouth, are Kanawha salt 
works, where the r. is 150 yards wide. The salt 
region extends 15 miles on the river, and the salt 
now manufactured amoimts to 1,500,000 bushels 
annually, and may be indefinitely increased. 
The salt water is obtained by boring through a 
formation of rock, from 300 to 500 feet deep, and 
the water rises in copper or tin tubes, which ex- 
clude the fresh water to the level of the surface 
of the r. along its margin. It is then raised 40 
feet, to the top of the bank, by forcing pumps, 
moved by steam engines. The bituminous coal 
which abounds in tlie vicinity, is used for evapo- 
rating the water. These works employ, in vari- 
ous ways, about 1,000 men, and the salt is afford- 
ed at from 30 to 35 cents a bushel. Green Brier 
r. enters the Kanawha 40 or 50 miles above the 
falls, just before it passes the Iron Mountain. Its 
other principal branches are Elk r. on the N., and 
Coal r. on the s. 

Kanawha, county, Va. Situated in the w. 
part of the state, and contains 2,000 sq. ms. Wa- 
tered by Kanawha river and its tributaries. Elk 
r. and Coal r., and various creeks. It contains 
coal in abundance, and valuable salt springs. 
Capital, Charleston. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 5,690, sheep 3,810, swine 7,944 ; wheat 
14,539 bushels produced, Ind. corn 203,075, oats 
22,657, potatoes 7,686, sugar 7,490 pounds, salt 
1,000,000 bush., bituminous coal 6,325,000; 29 
stores, cap. $117,000; 2 flouring m., 13 grist m., 
27 saw m., 9 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $49,600. 
19 sch. 408 scholars. Pop. whites 10,910, slaves 
2,560, free colM 97; total, 13,567. 

Kanawha, C. H,, p-v., capital of Kanawha 
CO., Va., 313 w. N, w. Richmond, 350 W. This 
place is also called Charleston. Situated on the 
N. bank of Great Kanawha r., 60 miles above its 
mouth, in tlie Ohio, at the junction of Elk r. Its 
main street extends a mile on the Kanawha, and 
reaches to Elk r. It contains a court house, 
jail, a branch of the bank of Virgmia, a masonic 
hall, 2 churches — 1 Presbyterian and 1 Metho- 
dist — a female academy, 13 stores, 2 steam saw 
m., 1 steam flouring m., 1 tannery, and about 130 
dwellings. The Kanawha is here 300 yds. wide 
and 20 feet deep, at low water, and is navigable 
by steamboats, 

Kanawha Saline, p-v., Kanawha co., Va., 
307 w. N. w. Richmond, 344 W. Situated on the 
N. w. side of Kanawha r., and contains a Metho- 
dist and a Presbyterian church, 3 stores and 
about 25 dwellings. It is connected with the 
salt trade in the vicinity. 

Kane, county. 111. Situated in the n. e. part 
of the state, and contains 1,296 sq. ras. Watered 
by Fox river and its branches, which afford 
water power. Formed from La Salle county, in 
1836. It is well timbered. Capital, Geneva. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 7,858, sheep 
1,262, swine 17,279; wheat 150,110 bushels pro- 
duced, rye 1,363, Indian corn 151,310, barley 
5,980, oats 167,463, potatoes 77,372, sugar 1,400 
pounds ; 16 stores, cap. $60,746 ; 2 distilleries, 6 
grist m., 22 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $113,910. 
39 sch. 1,153 scholars. Pop. 6,501, 

Kane, p-o., Greene co.. 111., 76 s. w. Spring- 
field, 826 W. 

Kankakee, r.. 111., one of the principal streams 
which form Illinois river. Its source is in the N. 
part of la., and after entering Illinois, it receives 
the Iroquois cr. from the s., and it unites with 
the Des Plaines, at Dresden, below which the 
united streams become the Illinois river. 

Kankakee, p-o., La Salle co.. 111., 152 N. E. 
by N. Springfield, 755 W. Situated at the junc- 
tion of Kankakee and Des Plaines rs. It has 1 



store, several saw m., and 4 or 5 houses. The 
situation is low, and a part of it liable to be over- 
flowed. 

Kanotin, county, Mich. Situated on Lake 
Huron, N. of Saginaw bay, and contains 570 sq. 
miles. Unorganized. 

Kansas, r., Indian ter., rises between the 
Platte and the Arkansas rivers, near the Rocky 
mountains, and receiving several large tributaries 
on the N. side, it passes through the Indian ter., 
and enters the Missouri at the w. boundary of 
the state of Mo. Its whole course is about 1,200 
miles, for 900 of which it is navigable. It is 340 
yards wide at its mouth. 

Kaposia, p-o., St. Croix co.. Wis. 

Karthaus, p-v., Covington t., Clearfield co., 
Pa., 114 N. w. Harrisburg, 206 W. Situated on 
the N. bank of the West branch of Susquehanna r. 
There are coal and iron works near the village, 
and salt springs in the vicinity. 

Kaseys, p-o., Bedford co., Va., 154 w. by s. 
Richmond, 229 W. 

K ASK ASK I A, r.. 111., rises in Champaign county, 
and after a course s. s. w. of 300 miles, enters the 
Mississippi, 7 miles below Kaskaskia v. It is 
navigable, in high water, to Vandalia, 150 miles 
from its mouth. 

Kaskaskia, p-v., capital of Randolph co.. 111., 
142 s. Springfield, 834 W. It is situated on the 
w. side of Kaskaskia r., 7 miles from its junction 
with the fliississippi. It was settled by the 
French about 1683, and, in 1763, when ceded to 
Great Britain, it contained 100 families ; it has 
now about 800 inhabitants, most of whom are of 
French descent. It has a brick court house, a 
jail, a U. S. land office, a Roman Catholic church, 
a nunnery and female boarding school, 4 stores 
and 300 dwellings. 

Katahdin, mt., Me., situated between the e. 
and w. branches of Penobscot r., is 5,300 feet 
above tidewater. It is isolated and steep, and 
can be seen from Bangor, 70 mUes, in a n. n. 
vv. direction. The view from the top is vastly 
extensive, and at once beautiful and grand. 

Kaukalin, p-v.. Brown co., Wis., 148 n. n. e. 
Madison, 953 W. Situated on the w. side of 
Fox or Neenah r., at the rapids of the same 
name. 

Kautawaubet, county, Mich., a northern 
county, and contains 576 sq. ms. Watered by 
Manistee r. and branches. Unorganized. 

Kayaderosseras, mts., N. Y., extend about 
60 miles, in Warren, Saratoga, and Fulton coun- 
ties, between Schroon branch of Hudson r. and 
Lake George, generally from 8 to 1,200 feet high, 
but subsiding toward the s. A creek of the same 
name flows from these mountains s. e. into Sara- 
toga lake, affording valuable water power. 

Kavkakee, county, Mich., a central county, 
and contains 576 sq. ms. Watered by Maskegon 
r. and a branch of Tittibawassee river. Unor- 
ganized. 

Keasearge, mt., Salisbury t., Merrimac co., 
N. H., is 2,461 feet above the level of the sea. 
It is 25 N. w. Concord. 

Keating, t., McKean co., Pa. The surface 
is hilly and broken, with extensive and rich al- 
luvial bottoms. The Alleghany r. flows through 
it, and receives Potatoe cr., nearly as large as 
itself It has 1 acad. 30 students, 4 sch. 135 
scholars. Pop. 893. 

Kearsly, p-t., Genesee co., Mich. Pop. 115. 

Keelersville, p-v., Van Buren co., Mich., 175 
w. Detroit, 636 W. It has 1 store and several 
mechanics. 

Keene, p-t., with Charlestown the capital of 
Cheshire county, N. H., 80 w. n. w. Boston, 48 



KEL 



319 



KEN 



w. s. w. Concord, 4'24 W. The v. is pleasantly 
situated on a plain, on the e. side of Ashuelot r., 
at a little distance from it. The principal street 
is a mile long, with ample width, and ornamented 
with trees. The houses are neat, and some of 
them elegant. It contains a court house, jail, a 
bank, a Congregational church, a printing office. 
About a mile from the v., a canal from the Ashu- 
elot r. aflTords good water power, on wliich are 
several mills and manufactories. There are in 
the t., 25 stores, cap. $132,300; 1 furnace, 1 ful- 
ling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 2 glass fac, 
2 priming offices, 1 bindery, 2 weekly newspa- 
pers, 3 periodicals, 3 gri.st m., 7 saw m., 1 oil m. 
Cap. in manufac. $98,262. 2 acad. 261 students, 
13 sch. 695 scholars. Pop. 2,610. 

Keene, p-t., Essex co., N. Y., 138 n. Albany, 
513 W. The surface is mountainous, containing 
Mount Marcy, the highest peak of the Adiron- 
dack range, 5,467 feet above tidewater in Hud- 
son r. Drained by branches of Ausable r., which 
afford very extensive water power. It has sev- 
eral small lakes, celebrated for their large trout. 
It has 1 store, cap. $1,000; 1 fulling m., 1 forge, 2 
tanneries, 3 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in 
manufac. $2,620. 4 sch. 185 scholars. Pop. 
730. 

KEE^E, p-v.. Jessamine county, Ky., 33 s. e. 
Frankfort, 531 W. 

Keene, p-t., Coshocton co., O., 99 n. e. by E. 
Columbus, 344 W. The v. was organized in 1820, 
and contains 2 churches, 3 stores, and about 200 
inhabitants. It has 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 2 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $900. 1 sch. 56 scholars. 
Pop. 1,043. 

Keene, p-o., Hillsdale co., Mich. 

Keeney's Settlement, p-o., Cortland co., 
N. Y., 134 w. Albany, 333 W. 

Keesville, p-v., Ausable and Chesterfield t., 
Clinton and Essex cos., N. Y. Situated 4 w. 
Lake Champlain, on both sides of Ausable river, 
which aflbrds extensive water power. It con- 
tains 4 churches — 1 Congregational, 1 Baptist, 
1 Methodist and 1 Roman Catholic — an academy, 
bank, 18 stores, 1 forge, 1 rolling m., 1 nail fac,, 
which produces 100 tons of nails annually, 1 
woollen fac, 2 flouring m., 4 saw m., 1 furnace 
and machine shop, 1 plaster m., 1 tannery, a 
printing office, 300 dwellings, and about 2,000 
inhabitants. Its growth has been exceedingly 
rapid. 

Keepatau, p-o.. Cook co., HI., 178 n. e. by n. 
Springfield, 745 W. 

Keitils, p-o., Morgan co., O., 88 e. by s. Co- 
lumbus, 318 W. 

Keith's Mills, p-o., Franklin co., Me., 30 n. 
w. Augusta, 616 W. 

Kellertown, p-v., Wilkinson co., Miss., 118 
s. w. by s. Jackson, 1,128 W. 

Kelley's Mills, p-o., Lawrence co., O., 109 
s. s. E. Columbus, 405 W. 

Kellogg's Store, p-o., Jackson co., Ga., 104 
N. by w. 3Iil ledge ville, 639 W. 

Kelloggsville, p-v., Niles t., Cayuga co., N. 
Y., 158 w. Albany, 329 W. It contains 1 Pres- 
byterian church, 2 stores, 40 dwellings, and about 
200 inhabitants. 

Kelloggville, p-o., Monroe t., Ashtabula co., 
O., 222 N. E. Columbus, 337 W. 

Kelly, t.. Union co.. Pa., 9 n. New Berlin. 
The surface is undulating ; soil, calcareous loam. 
Drained by Buffalo cr. and its branches. It has 
1 store, cap. $9,000 ; 1 flouring m., 1 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $10,000. 5 sch. 200 scholars. Pop. 
788.^ 

Kelly, t., Ottawa co., O., comprehends Cun- 
ningham's island in Lake Erie. Pop. 68. 



Kelly's Creek, p-o., St. Clair co., Ala., 101 
N. E. by E. Tuscaloosa, 753 W. 

Kelly's Ferry, p-o., Meigs co., Tenn., 137 e. 
s. E. Nashville, 569 W. The ferry crosses the 
Tennessee r. 

Kelly's Spring, p-o., Talladega co., Ala., 122 
E. Tuscaloosa, 757 W. 

Kelso, p-t., Dearborn co., la., 84 s. e. Indian- 
apolis, 531 W. Pop. 1,450. 

Kelso, t., Scott co.. Mo. Pop. 476. 

Kelvin Grove, p-o., Wake co., N. C, 10 n. 
Raleigh, 294 W. 

Kemblesville, p-o., Chester co.. Pa., 76 e. s. 
E. Harrisljurg, 99 W. 

KempePv, county. Miss. Situated in the E. part 
of the state, and contains 750 sq. ms. Watered 
by Sookanitchie r. and a branch of Oktibbeha r. 
Capital. De Kalb. There were in 1840, neat cat- 
tle 12,251, sheep 1,999, swine 20,814; wheat 
7,855 bush, produced, Indian corn 238,017, oats 
10,4-11, potatoes 22,997, tobacco 1,646 pounds, cot- 
ton 3,926,565 ; 18 stores, cap. $99,958 ; 8 cotton 
fac. 48 sp., 1 tannery, 3 flouring m., 13 grist m., 
13 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $83,265. 4 acad. 
133 students. 11 sch. 285 scholars. Pop. whitea 
4,612, slaves'3,040, free col'd 11 ; total, 7,663. 

Kemp's Creek, p-o., Benton co., Ala., 170 e. 
N. E. Tuscaloosa, 744 W. 

Kejipsville, p-v., Princess Ann co., Va., 116 
s. E. by E. Richmond, 240 W. Situated on the e. 
branch of Elizabeth r., at the head of tidewater. 
It contains 1 Baptist church, several stores, 1 tan- 
nery, 30 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. 

Kenansville, p-v., capital of Duplin co., N. C, 
89 s. E. Raleigh, 319 W. Situated on the s. side 
of Grove cr., a branch of Cape Fear r. It contains 
a court house and several dwellings. 

Kendall, county. 111. Situated in the n. e- 
prart of the state, and contains 324 sq. ms. Water- 
ed by Fox r. Surface undulating; soil, fertile. 
Capital, Yorkville. 

Kendall, p-t., Orleans co., N. Y., 249 w. by 
n. Albany, 398 W. It is bounded n. by Lake 
Ontario. The surface is nearly level, rising gen- 
tly from the lake ; soil, sandy and gravelly loam. 
It has 2 stores, cap. $6,150; 1 grist m., 3 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $5,150. 14 sch. 664 scholars. 
Pop. 1,692. 

Kendall, p-o., Logan co., O., 79 n. v/. by w, 
Columbus, 466 W. 

Kendall, p-v.. Van Buren co., Mich., 167 w, 
Detroit, 613 W. 

Kendall, p-o., Beaver co.. Pa., 233 w. by n. 
Harrisburg, 260 W. 

Kendall, p-o., Marshall co., Va. 

Ke.xdall, p-o., Allen co., la., 137 N. E. by n. 
Indianapolis, .549 W. 

Kendall, p-o.. Clay co.. Mo., 164 w. N. w. 
Jeflerson city, 1,069 W. 

Kendall Creek, p-o., McKean co.. Pa. 

Kendall's Mills, p-o., Somerset co.. Me. 

Kendall's Store, p-o., Montgomery co., N. 
C, 143 w. s. w. Raleigh, 380 W. 

Kendallville, p-v., Noble co., la., 159 n. n. 
E. Indianapolis, 581 W. 

Kennebec, r., Me., next to the Penobscot the 
most important river in the state, has its principal 
source in the outlet of Moosehead lake; but 20 
ms. below it receives Dead r., which is a longer 
branch, and ri.ses within 5 ms. of the Chaudiere, 
wiiich flows into the St. Lawrence. Its general 
course is s. by e., with several considerable 
curves. Its course from its remotest source is 
about 200 ms. Its largest tributary is the Andro- 
scoggin, which enters it from the w. 18 ms. from 
the ocean. It is navigable for large ships 12 ms. 
to Bath, for sloops of 150 tons 40 ms. to Ilallowell^ 



KEN 



320 



KEN 



and for sloops 2 ms. further to Augusta, the head 
of tidewater, and for boats to Water^•ille, 18 ms. 
above Augusta. It has important falls at Water- 
ville, and at 3 other places above, affording great 
water power. There are bridges at Augusta, at 
Canaan, and at Norridgewock. It is generally 
closed with ice 4 months in the year at Hallow- 
ell, but usually open at all seasons below Bath. 
The most important towns on the river are Bath, 
Hallowell, Augusta, Waterville, and Norridge- 
wock. It flows through a fertile country, and is 
the medium of an extensive trade. 

Kennebec, county, Me. Situated in the cen- 
tral part of the state, and contains 1,050 sq. miles. 
Kennebec r. runs through the centre of the co. 
It has many small lakes and ponds, the outlets 
of which, with the Kennebec, aflbrd extensive 
water power. It possesses great facilities for 
commerce. The surface is undulating, and tlie 
soil fertUe. Capital, Augusta. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 35,595, sheep 82,759, swine 
11,825; wheat 86,514 bush, produced, rye 9,830, 
Ind. corn 154,049, buckwheat 3,510, barley 57,057, 
oats 132,583, potatoes 1,165,399, sugar 18,915 lbs. ; 
235 stores, cap. $486,450 ; 3 lumber yards, cap. 
$8,000 ; 1 furnace, 19 fulling in., 3 woollen fac, 
43 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 pottery, 55 grist m., 
131 saw m., 4 oil m., 3 paper fac, 7 printing of- 
fices, 4 binderies, 1 periodical, 6 weekly news- 
papers. Cap. in manufac. $616,886. 2 colleges, 
95 students, 12 acad. 1,311 students, 334 schools 
17,163 scholars. Pop. 55,823. 

Kennebunk, p-t., and port of entry, York co.. 
Me., 75 s. s. w. Augusta, 517 W. Situated on 
tlie s. w. side of Kennebunk r., at its entrance 
into the Atlantic, which affords a good harbor. It 
has considerable shipping employed in the coast- 
ing trade and the fisheries. It has 17 stores, cap. 
$31,159; 1 cotton fac. 1,064 .sp., 3 tanneries, 1 
printing office, 1 weekly paper, 1 grist ra., 3 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $92,495. 2 acad. 175 stu- 
dents, 11 sch. 885 scholars. Pop. 2,323. 

Kennebunkport, p-t., York co.. Me., 78 s. s. 
w. Augusta, 520 W. Situated on the n. e. side 
of Kennebunk r., opposite to Kennebunk, with 
which its trade is united. It has 11 stores, cap. 
$25,000 ; 2 furnaces, 1 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 4 
grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $11,500. 1 
acad. 30 students, 13 sch. 1,150 scholars. Pop. 
2,768. 

Kennedy's, p-o., Brunswick co., Va., 91 s. by 
w. Augusta, 207 W. 

Kennedvsville, p-v., Batht., Steuben co., N. 
v., 223 w. by s. Albany, 303 W. It contains 1 
Presbyterian and 1 Christian church, 2 stores, 1 
woollen fac, 1 saw m., 30 dwellings, and about 
200 inhabitants. 

Kennet, t., Chester co.. Pa., 28 s. w. Philadel- 
phia. The .surface is hilly ; soil, a fertile calca- 
reous loam, well cultivated. Drained by Red 
Clay cr. It has 4 stores, cap. ,$15,500 ; 1 tan- 
nery, 2 grist m., 6 saw m. Capital in manufac. 
$12^550. 6 sch. 238 scholars. Pop. 1,220. 

Kennet Square, p-v., Kennet t., Chester co., 
Pa., 74 E. s. E. Harrisburg, 105 W. Situated in 
the N. w. corner of Kennet t., and contains 1 
Friends church, 1 store, and 15 or 20 dwellings. 

Kennonsville, p-v., Lewis co., Mo., 128 n. by 
K. Jefferson city, 942 W. 

Kensington, p-t., Rockingham co., N. H., 41 
s. E. Concord, 478 W. The surface is nearly 
level. Formed from Hampton in 1837. It has 2 
stores, cap. $1,600 ; 2 grist m., 1 saw m., 3 sch. 
160 scholars. Pop. 665. 

Kensington, p-v., Berlin t., Hartford co., Ct., 
13 s. s. w. Hartford, d>3 W. 
Kensington, p-t., Pliiladelphia co.. Pa., 100 e. 



by s. Harrisburg, 140 W. It constitutes a suburb 
of Philadelphia, in the n. e. part, along the Dela- 
ware r. ; and tliough it has a separate govern- 
ment, under 15 commissioners, should be regard- 
ed as a part of the city. It contains vanous 
manufacturing establishments of cotton, woollen, 
iron, and glass, and considerable ship building. 
Tliere were in 1840, 1 commission house, and 1 12 
stores, capital $107,900 ; 7 lumber yards, capital 
$116,500 ; 9 woollen fac, 15 cotton lac. 700 sp., 3 
tanneries, 1 brewery, 1 glass fac, 4 rope fac. 
Cap. in manufac. $721,600. 6 acad. 676 students, 
5 sch. 674 scholars. Pop. 22,314. (See Pliila- 
delphia.) 

Kensington, p-v., Lyon t., Oakland co., Mich., 
35 w. by N. Detroit, 544 W. It has 2 stores, 1 
flouring m., 1 saw m., and about 30 dweihngs, 
some of which are neat and elegant. 

Kent, county, R. I. Situated in the centre of 
the slate, and contains 186 sq. ms. The surfece 
is uneven and rough ; soil, gravelly and sandy 
loam, adapted to grazing. Drained by Pawtuxet 
and Flat rs., which afford water power. It haa 
flourishing manufactures, and some commerce. 
Capital, East Greenwich. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 4,898, sheep 10,408, swine 4,221 ; wheat 
494 bush, produced, rye 6,066, Ind. corn 64,112, 
barley 3,805, oats 11,915, potatoes 136,644; 103 
stores, capital $179,610; 5 lumber yards, capital 
$11,200; 9 fulling m., 5 woollen fac, 45 cotton 
i'ac. 100,010 sp., 2 tanneries, 2 rope fac, 27 grist 
m., 25 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,661,500. 6 
acad. 250 students, 64 sch. 1,974 scholars. Pop. 
13,083. 

Kent, county, Del. Situated in the centre of 
the state, and contains 640 sq. ms. Delaware bay 
bounds it on the E. Drained by Jones, Little 
Duck, and Mother Kill crs. The surface is gen- 
tly uneven, and the soil fertile. Capital, Dover. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 17,477, sheep 
13,780, swine 27,080; wheat 85,342 bush, pro- 
duced, rye 21,745, Ind. corn 626,835, buckwheat 
3,680, oats 294,231, potatoes 6^,375; 66 stores, 
cap. $207,640 ; 9 lumber yards, cap. $10,500 ; 1 
fulluig m., 1 woollen fac, 4 tanneries, 20 grist m.. 
16 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 periodical. Cap. 
in manufac. $106,000. 2 acad. 65 students, 46 
sch. 2,997 scholars. Pop. whites 13,618, slave.s 
427, free col'd 5,827 ; total, 19,872. 

Kent, county, Md. Situated toward the n. e. 
part of the state, and contains 240 sq ms. Drain- 
ed by Chester r. The surface is moderately 
uneven ; soil, various. Capital, Chester. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 8,498, sheep 9,109, 
swine 14,921 ; wheat 133,147 bush, produced, 
rye 3,250, Ind. corn 502,439, buckwheat 1,118, 
oats 277,393, potatoes 33,563; 270 stores, cap. 
$62,040 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 7 flouring 
m., 13 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$28,370. 3 colleges, 80 students, 1 acad. 18 stu- 
dents, 14 sch. 474 scholars. Pop. whites 5,616, 
slaves 2,735, free col'd 2,491 ; total, 10,842. 

Kent, county, Mich. Situated in the w. part 
of the state, and contains 576 sq. ms. Drained 
by Grand r. and its tributaries, which afford good 
water power. The surface is undulating or 
hilly ; soil, deep vegetable loam, and fertile. 
Limestone and salt springs are found. Capital, 
Kent, or Grand Rapids. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 1,271, sheep 222, swine 2,460 ; wheat 
18,750 bush, produced, Ind. corn 13,320, oats 
17,320, potatoes 16,700, sugar 5,080 pounds ; 2 
com. houses, cap. $13,000 ; 12 stores, cap. $35,000 ; 
1 furnace, 1 tannery, 2 flouring m., 1 grist m., 18 
saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. 
Cap. in manufac. $140,600. 9 sch. 303 scholars 
Pop. 2,587. 



KEN 



321 



KEN 



Kent, p-t., Litchfield co., Ct., 51 w. Hartford, 
323 W. Situated ou botii sides of Housatonic 
r., by which, and its branches, it is watered, and 
which afford good water power. The surface 
is mountainous, and tlie soil, in the mountains, 
gravelly and hard ; in the valleys, a calcareous 
loam, and fertile. An extensive bed of iron ore 
is here found. Incorporated in 1739. It con- 
tains 3 churches— 1 Congregational, 1 Episcopal, 
and 1 Methodist. Tlie v. is on the e. side of the 
Housatonic, which is here crossed by a bridge. 
The Housatonic railroad passes tlu'ongh the t. on 
tlie E. side of the r. It has 6 stores, cap. $14,500 ; 
3 furnaces, 2 forges, 1 tannery, 2 distilleries, 3 
grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,550. 12 
sell, 475 scholars. Pop. 1,759. 

Kent, p-t., Putnam co., N. Y. 99 s. Albany, 
292 W. The surlace is hilly and mountainous ; 
soil, well adapted to grazing. Drauied by the 
head waters of Croton r. It has 6 stores, cap. 
$9,850 ; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 
flouring m., 5 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $30,200 ; 10 sch. 4S0 scholars. Pop. 1,830. 

Kent, p-o., Indiana co., Pa., 165 w. by n. 
Harrisburg, 218 VV. 

Kent, p-t., Kent co., Mich., 168 w. n. w. De- 
troit, 649 W. 

Kent's Hill, p-o., Kennebec co., Me., 14 Au- 
gusta, 604 W. 

Kenton, county, Ky. Situated in the n. part 
of the state, and contains 150 sq. ms. It is 
bounded n. by the Ohio r., and e. by Lickhig r. 
Surface undulaling, soil fertile. Capital, Inde- 
pendence. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
4,529, sheep 7,523, swine 13,774 ; wheat, 53,987 
bush, produced, rye 4,738, Ind. corn 294,635, oats 
28,989, potatoes 10,823, tobacco 601,774 pounds, 
sugar 5,589 ; 33 stores, cap. $76,825 ; 2 lumber 



yards, cap. $15,000 ; 1 furnace, 1 forge, 1 colloii 
fac. 2,332 sp., 2 tanneries, 2 flouring m., 14 grist 
m., 4 saw m., 2 printing olllces, 2 weekly news- 
papers. Cap. in manudic. $176,050. 15 sch. 
354 scholars. Pop. whiles 7,033, slaves 751, 
free col'd 34 ; total, 7,816. 

Kenton, p-t., capital of Hardin co., O., 71 n. 
w. Columbus, 442 W. The v. is situated on the 
N. side of Scioto r. It contains 6 churches — 1 
Lutheran, 1 Methodist, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Seceder, 
1 Associate Reformed, 1 of Disciples — 4 stores 
and 75 dwellings, 3 sch. 109 scholars. Pon. 
299. ^ 

Kentontown, p-v., Harrison co., Ky., 53 n. 
E. Frankfort, 489 W. Situated in the n. e. cor- 
ner oY the county. 

Kentuckv, r., Ky., from which the state de- 
rives its name, rises by 3 principal branches in 
the Cumberland mountains, denominated the 
North, Middle and South Forks, wliich unite in 
Estill CO. From this point is pursues a circuitous 
course, in its lower parts, generally n. n. w., 
imtil it enters Ohio r. at Carrollton. The dis- 
tance i'rom the mouth to the forks, is 260 ms. by 
the course of the r. ; but is only 112 ms. in a di- 
rect line. Steamboats of 300 tons formerly na- 
vigated this r. to Frankibrt, in time of high water. 
But the navigation from the mouth to the forks 
of the r. has been imjiroved by the construction 
of 17 dams, creating pools, and 17 locks, connect- 
ing them. The dams are from 350 to 500 feet 
long, and from 20 to 25 feet high, and the locks 
are 178 feet long, and 33 feet wide, and the least 
depth through the whole course is 6 feet, so that 
boats of a less draft than this, can navigate it at 
all times. The difference of level overcome by 
the locks, is 210 feet. The estimated cost of the 
whole, is $2,297,409. 



KENTUCKY. 

Kentucky, one of the western United States, is bounded n. by Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois, from 
which it is separated by the Ohio river ; e. by Virginia ; s. by Tennessee ; and w. by the Missis- 
sippi, wliich separates it from Missoiuri. It is between 36° 30' and 39° 10' n. lat., and between 
81° 50' and 89° 20' w. Ion., and between 5° and 10° w. Ion. from W. Its greatest length Ls about 
400 miles, and breadth 170 miles, containing 40,500 square miles, or 25,920,000 acres. The popu- 
lation in 1790 was 73,677 ; in 1800, 220,959; in 1810, 406,511 ; in 1820, 564,317; in 1830, 688,844; in 
1840, 779,828, of which 182,258 were slaves. Of the free population, 305,323 were white mains ; 
281,930 do. females ; 3,761 were colored males ; 3,556 do. females. Employed in agriculture, 
197,738 ; in commerce, 3,448; in manufactures and trades, 23,217 ; navigating the ocean, 44; canals, 
lalies, and rivers, 968 ; in minuig, 331 ; learned professions, 2,4S7. 

There are 90 counties in this state, which with their population in 1840, and their capitals, were 
as follows : Ad.\ir, 8,466, Columbia ; Allen, 7,329, Scottsville ; B.viiren, 17,288, Glasgow ; B.\th, 
9,763, Ovvingsville; Boone, 10,034, Burlington; Bouubo.n, 14,478, Paris; Bre.vthitt, 2,195, 
Breathitt; Br.\cken, 7,053, Augusta; Breckenridge, 8,941, liardingsburg ; Bulitt, 6,334, 
Shepherdsville ; Butler, 3,898, Morgantown; Caldwell, 10,365, Princeton; C.vllow.w, 9,794, 
Wadesborough ; Campbell, 5,214, Newport ; Carroll, 3,966, Carrollton ; Carter, 2,90.5, Gray- 
son ; Casey, 4,939, Liberty; Christian, 15,587, Hopkinsville ; Clark, 10,802, Winchester; Clay, 
4,607, Manchester ; Clinton, 3,863, Albany ; Cumberland, 6,090, Burkesville ; Davies, 8,331, 
Ovvensborough ; Edmonston, 2,914, Brownsville ; Estill, 5,535, Irvine ; Fayette, 22,194, Lex- 
ington ; Fleming, 13,268, Flemingsburg ; Floyd, 6,302, Prestonburg; Franklin, 9,420, Frankfort; 
Gallatin, 4,003, Warsaw; Garrard, 10,480, Lancaster; Grant, 4,192, Williamstown ; Graves, 
7,465, Mayfield ; Grayson, 4,461, Litchfield ; Greene, 14,212, Greensburg ; Greenup, 6,297, 
Greeiiupsburg ; Hancock, 2,581, Havvesville ; Hardin, 16,357, Elizabethtowii ; Harlan, s'ois' 
Mt. Pleasant ; Harriso.\, 12,472 Cynthiana ; Hart, 7,031, Munfordsville ; Henderson, 9,548,' 
Henderson ; Henry,10,015, New Castle ; Hickman, 8,968, Clinton ; Hopkins, 9,171, 3Iadisonville ; 
Jefferson, 36,346, Louisville ; Jessamine, 9,396, Nicholasville ; Kenton, 7,816, Independence ; 
Knox, 5,722, Barbourville ; Laurel, 3,079, London ; Lawrence, 4,730, Loui.sa ; Levvks, 6,306, 
Clarksburg ; Lincoln, 10,187, Stanford ; Livingston, 9,025, Smithland ; Logan, 13,615, Russel- 
ville ; Madiso.\, 16,35.5, Richmond; Marion, 11,i>32, Lebanon; Mason, 15,719, Maysville i 



KEN 322 KEN 

McCracken, 4,745, Paducah ; Meade, 5,780, Brandenburg; Mercer, 18,720, Harrodsburg ; Mon- 
roe, 6,526, Tompkinsville ; Montgomery, 9,332, Mount Sterling; Morgan, 4,603, West Liberty ; 
MuHLENBURG, 6,964, Greenville ; Nelson, 13,637, Bardstown ; Nicholas, 8,745, Carlisle ; Ohio, 
6,592, Hartford ; Oldham, 7,380, La Grange; Owen, 8,232, Owenton ; Pendleton, 4,455, Fal- 
mouth ; Perry, 3,089, Hazard ; Pike, 3,567, Pikeville ; Pulaski, 9,620, Somerset ; Rockcastle, 
3,409, Mount Vernon ; Russell, 4,238, Jamestown ; Scott, 13,668, Georgetown ; Shelby, 17,768, 
Shelbyville; SmrsoN, 6,537, Franklin; Spencer, 6,581, Taylorsville ; Todd, 9,991, Elkton; 
Trigg, 7,716, Cadiz; Trimble, 4,480, Bedford; Union, 6,673, Morganfield; Warren, 15,446, 
Bowling Green ; Washington, 10,596, Springfield; Wayne, 7,399, Monticello ; Whitley, 4,673, 
Williamsbui^ ; Woodford, 11,710, Versailles. 

Frankfort, on the E. bank of the Kentucky river, 60 miles above its entrance into the Ohio, is the 
seat of government. 

The only mountains in this state, are the Cumberland in the s. E. The eastern counties are 
mountainous. A tract from 5 to 20 miles wide, along the Ohio river, through the whole length of 
the state, is hilly and broken, but has a good soil. The margin of the Olrio for about a mile in 
width consists of bottom lands, whicli are overflowed when the river is high. Between tliis tract 
of hilly country, the more mountainous eastern counties, and Green river, is a fertile tract, fre- 
quently denominated the garden of the stale. It is about 150 miles long, and from 50 to 100 wide. 
The soil is excellent, the surface is gently undulating, and the forest growth, black walnut, black 
cherry, buckeye, pawpaw, sugar-maple, mulberry, elm, ash, cotton wood, white thorn, and an abun- 
dance of grape-vines. The country in the s. w. part of the state, between Green and Cumberland 
rivers, is called " the barrens." In 1800, the legislature of the state made a gratuitous grant of this 
tract to actual settlers, under the idea that it was of little value ; but it proves to be excellent grain 
land, and also well adapted to the raising of liogs and cattle. The whole state, below the moun- 
tains, has at the usual depth of 8 feet a bed of limestone, wlrich has frequent apertures tlu-ougli 
which the waters of the rivers sink into the earth, causing some of them to disappear for a time, 
and others to be greatly diminished in the summer season. The banks have generally worn deep 
channels in the calcareous rocks over which they flow. The precipices formed by the Kentucky 
are in many places stupendous, presenting perpendicular banks of solid limestone 300 feet liigh, 
above whicli is a steep and difficult ascent several times as high. In the s. w.part of the state, 
between Green and Cumberland rivers, are several remarkable caves. One called the Mammoth 
cave, 130 miles from Lexington on the road to Nashville, is said to be 8 or 10 miles in length, with 
many diverging apartments. The earth at the bottom of it is strongly impregnated with nitre, 
which has been, to a considerable extent, manufactured from it. 

Wheat, tobacco, and hemp are the staple productions ; but Indian corn, rye, oats, barley, 
buckwheat, flax, and potatoes are extensively cultivated. Apples, pears, peaches, and plums 
are the most common fruits. Horses, horned cattle, pork, bacon, and lard are extensively exported. 
In this state there were, in 1840, 395,853 horses and mules ; 787,098 neat cattle ; 1,008,240 sheep ; 
2,310,533 swine; poultry to the value of $536,439; there tvere produced 4,803,152 bushels of 
wheat; 17,491 of barley ; 7,155,974 of oats; 1,321,373 of rye ; 8,169 of buckwheat; 39,847,120 of 
Indian corn ; 1,786,847 pounds of wool ; 742 of hops ; 38,445 of wax ; 1,055,085 bushels of potatoes ; 
88,306 tons of hay ; 9,992 of hemp and flax ; 53,436,909 pounds of tobacco ; 16,376 of rice ; 691,456 
of cotton ; 737 of silk cocoons ; 1,377,835 of sugar. The products of the dairy amounted to 
$931,303 ; of the orchard $434,935 ; of lumber $130,329. There were made 2,209 gallons of wine. 
Among the mineral productions of Kentucky, are iron ore, coal, salt, and lime. The salt licks, 
as the springs are called, from the fact that cattle and wild animals liave been fond of licldng 
around them, are numerous, and salt is extensively manufiactured, not only for home consumption, 
but for exportation. The greater part of the exports of this state pass down the Mississippi to New 
Orleans, and its chief imports are brought in steamboats through the same river and the Oliio, and 
other tributaries in this state. 

The winters are mild, being only of 2 or 3 months continuance, but the atmosphere at that season 
is moist. Spring and autumn are delightful ; and on the whole, the climate is salubrious. 

The Ohio, by its various windings, borders this state on the N. for 637 miles. Cumberland and 
Tennessee rivers pass through the western part of this state as they approach their entrance into 
the Ohio. Cumberland river, also, rii*es in the eastern part of this state. The Big Sandy is 250 
miles long, and, for a considerable distance, forms the boundary between this state and Virginia. 
It is navigable 50 miles for boats. The Kentucky river rises in the Cumberland mountains, and 
after a course generally through a deep rocky bed, falls into the Ohio, 77 miles above Louisville. 
It is navigable by steamboats CO miles to Frankfort. Licking, Green, and Salt, are other consid- 
erable rivers. The Mississippi runs on the western border of the state. 

Louisville, on the Ohio, is much the largest and most commercial place in the state. Lexing- 
ton, the oldest town in the slate, is distinguished for its beauty and refinement as well as for its 
business. Maysville, on the Ohio, and Frankfort, on the Kentucky, are important places. 



KEN 323 KEN 

There were in the state, in 1840, 5 commcreial and 50 commission houses engaged in foreign 
trade, with a capital of $620,700 ; 1,685 retail drygoods and otiier stores, with a cap. of $9,411,826 ; 
571 persons employed in the lumber trade, with a capital of $105,925; 101 persons employed in in- 
ternal transportation, who, with 183 butchers, packers, &c., employed a capital of $183,850. 

The amount of home-made or family manufactures, was $2,622,462; there were 40 woollen 
manufactories, employing 200 persons, manufacturing articles to the amount of $151,246, with a 
capital of $138,000 ; 58 cotton manufactories, with 12,353 spindles, employing 523 persons, produc- 
ing articles to the amount of $329,380, with a capital of $316,113 ; 17 furnaces, producing 29,206 
Ions of cast iron, and 13 forges, &c., producing 3,637 tons of bar iron, employing 1,108 persons, and 
a capital of $449,000; 27 person.s produced 2,125 tons of anthracite coal, with a capital of $14,150; 
213 persons produced 588,167 tons of bituminous coal, with a capital of $76,627 ; 291 persons pro- 
duced 219,695 bushels of salt, with a capital of $163,585 ; 100 persons produced granite and marble 
to the amount of $19,592, with a capital of $6,212; 7 paper mills employed 47 persons, and pro- 
duced articles to the amount of $44,000, employing a capital of $47,500 ; hats and caps were pro- 
duced to the amount of $201,310, and straw bonnets to tlie amount of $4,483, employing 194 persons, 
with a capital of $118,850; 587 persons manufactured tobacco to the amount of $413,585, with a 
capital of $230,400 ; 387 tanneries employed 978 persons, and a capital of $567,954 ; 548 other 
manufactories of leather, as saddleries, &c., produced articles to the amount of $732,646, with a 
capital of $369,835 ; 1 glass house produced articles to the amount of $3,000, with a capital of $500 ; 
16 potteries, employing 51 persons, produced articles to the amount of $24,090, with a capital of 
$9,670; 11 powder mills employed 58 persons, and produced 282,500 pounds of gunpowder, with a 
capital of $42,000; 25 persons produced paints and drugs to the amount of $26,994, and turpentine 
and varnish to the amount of $2,000, with a capital of $16,630; 28 persons produced confectionery 
to the amount of $36,050, with a capital of $14,250; 111 rope walks employed 1,888 persons, and 
produced cordage to the amount of $1,292,276, with a capital of $1,023,130; 6 persons produced 
musical instruments to the amount of $4,500, with a capital of $5,000 ; 149 persons produced ma- 
chinery to the amount of $46,074 ; 30 persons produced hardware and cutlery to the amount of 
$22,350; 109 persons produced 2,341 small-arms, with a capital of $19,060 ; 21 persons manufac- 
tured the precious metals to the amount of $19,060 ; 657 persons produced bricks and lime to the 
amount of $240,919 ; 516 persons manufactured 2,282,426 pounds of soap, 563,635 do. of tallow can- 
dles, and 315 pounds of spermaceti or wax candles, with a capital of $28,765 ; 889 distilleries pro- 
duced 1,763,685 gallons, and 50 breweries produced 214,589 gallons, the whole employing 1,092 
persons, and a capital of $315,308; 533 persons produced carriages and wagons to the amount of 
$168,724, with a capital of $79,378 ; 253 flouring mills produced 273,088 barrels of flour, and with 
other mills employed 2,067 persons, producing articles to the amount of $2,437,937, witii a capital 
of $1,650,689; 453 persons manufactured furniture to the amount of $273,350, with a capital of 
$139,295 ; 485 stone or brick houses, and 1,757 wooden houses employed 2,883 persons, and cost 
$1,039,172 ; 34 printing oflices, 3 binderies, 5 daily, 7 semi-weekly, and 26 weekly newspapers, 
and 8 periodicals, employed 226 persons, and a capital of $86,325. The whole amount of capital 
employed in manufactures was $5,945,259. 

The Transylvania University, at Lexington, was founded in 1798, and is an important institution. 
Centre College, at Danville, was founded in 1822 ; St. Joseph's College, at Bardstown, (Catholic,) 
was founded in 1819 ; Augusta College, at Augusta, (Methodist,) was founded in 1825; Cumber- 
land College, at Princetown, was founded in 1825 ; Georgetown College, at Georgetown, (Gajitist,) 
was founded hi 1829; Bacon College, at Harrodsburg, was founded in 1836 ; St. Mary's College, 
Marion county, (Catholic,) was founded in 1837. There is a flourishing medical department con- 
nected with the Transylvania University, and a medical institution at Louisville. In these institu- 
tions there were, in 1840, 1,419 students. There were in the stale 116 academies and grammar 
schools, with 4,906 students; 952 common and primary schools, with 24,641 scholars; and 40,010 
free white persons, over 20 years of age, who could neither read nor write. 

In 1836, the Bajitists, the most numerous denomination, had 500 churches, about 300 ministers, 
and 35,000 communicants; the Methodists 100 travelling preachers, and 31,369 communicants; 
the Presbyterians 120 churches and 8 or 10,000 communicants ; the Episcopalians 1 bishop and 
13 ministers ; the Roman Catholics, 1 bishop and 34 ministers. There is also a considerable num- 
ber of Cumberland Presbyterians, Reformed Baptists, 2 societies of Shakers, and 1 of Unitarians. 

At the commencement of 1840, this state had 14 banks and branches, with an aggregate capital 
of $7,789,003, and a circulation of $3,476,367. At the close of 1840, the state debt amounted to 
$4,665,000. 

The first constitution was formed in 1790, and the present one in 1799. The governor is elected 
for 4 years by the people, and is ineligible for the next seven. A lieutenant-governor is chosen at 
the same time, who is president of the senate, and who, in case of the death or absence of the 
governor, succeeds to his duties. The senators are elected for 4 years, one quarter of them being 
chosen annually. Their number cannot eiceed 38 nor be less tlian 24. The representatives are 



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324 



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chosen annually, and apportioned every 4 years among the counties accordmg to the number of 
electors. Every free white male citizen who is 21 years of age, and has resided 2 years in the state, 
or county in wliich he offers his vote, one year next preceding the election, has the right of suf- 
frage. Votes are given openly, or viva voce, and not by ballot. The judges of the several courts 
hold their offices during good behavior. 

A short but most important work of internal improvement is the Louisville and Portland canal, 
2^ miles long, around the rapids in the Ohio river at Louisville. It admits steamboats of the largest 
class, is excavated 10 feet deep, in solid limestone, and cost $730,000. The navigation of Ken- 
tucky, Licking, and Green rivers, has been extensively improved by dams and locks. The Lex- 
ington and Ohio railroad extends from Lexington to Frankfort, and is intended to be continued to 
Louisville. Several other railroads have been projected. 

This state was first explored by Daniel Boone, an enterprising hunter, in 1770. The first white 
family settled near Lexington in 1775. The first settlers were greatly annoyed by the Indians, 
until Gen. Clark took their posts and broke up their haunts, in 1778. This state originally belonged 
to Virginia, and in 1783, was erected into a separate district by the name of Kentucky. In 1789 
it was separated from Virginia, and in 1792 was admitted into the Union. 



KentuckyviIjLE, p-v., Su.^quehannah co.. Pa., 
174 N. E. by N. Harrisburg, 278 W. 

Kkokuck, p-v., Lee co., Iowa. Situated on the 
w. side of 3Iississippi r., at the foot of the lower 
rapids. It is laid out on a mile square, and has 
about 150 or 200 inhabitants. 

Kkpner's, p-o., Schuylkill co.. Pa., 73 n. e. 
Harrisburg, 183 W. 

Kehnersville, p-o., Stokes co., N. C, 98 w. 
N. w. Raleigh, 309 W. 

Kern's Mills, p-o., Lehigh co.. Pa., 88 e. n. 
E. Harrisburg, 181 W. 

Kernsville, p-v., Moore t., Northampton co., 
Pa., 103 E. N. E. Harrisburg, 198 W. It has 1 
store, a grist m., a tannery, and 4 or 5 dwellings. 

Kersey's, p-o., Clearfield co., Pa., 150 n. w. 
Harrisburg, 242 W. 

Kershaw, district, S. C. Situated a little n. 
E. of the centre of the state, and contains 792 sq. 
ms. Drained by Wateree r. and its branches. 



Situated on the n. w. end of an island of the 
same name, otherwise called Thompson's island, 
4 ms. long and 1 wide, one of the Florida keys. 
It has a fine harbor, admitting vessels requiring 
27 feet of water, and capable of being well forti- 
fied. It may become the key to the Gulf of 
Mexico, as the passage here is safer, and 90 ms. 
nearer than round the Tortugas, and has 9 feet 
of water. It was incorporated in 1829, and con- 
tains a court house, jail, 1 Episcopal church, 22 
stores and groceries, 2 large warehouses, 110 
dwellings, and about 500 inhabitants. It is finely 
situated for a naval station. It has a light house. 
Sixteen or 17,000 bushels of salt are manufactur- 
ed annually by solar evaporation. The ihemio- 
meter ranges from 50° to 90° of Fahrenheit. The 
whole island lies on a bed of limestone, about 1 
foot beneath the surface. Wells are dug into 
the rock, to the level of the sea, which afford 
fresh water, but rain water is chiefly used. The 



and by Lynch and Little Lynch creeks and 1 inhabitants are principally employed as " wreck- 



branches. The river lands are remarkable for 
their fertility ; the uplands are sandy, but fertile 
when cultivated. Capital, Camden. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 11,494, sheep 15,984, swine 
2,004 ; wheat 4,744 bush, produced, Ind. corn 
160,300, oats 11,525, potatoes 10,080, cotton 
14,475 poimds; 29 stores, cap. $21,600; 1 cotton 
fac. 120 sp., 4 tannerip.s, 8 riouring m., 34 gi-ist m., 
10 saw rn., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspa- 
per. Cap. in manufac. $123,700. 3 acad. 127 
students, 13 sch. 304 scholars. Pop. wiiites 
3,988, slaves 8,043, free col'd 250; total, 12,281. 

Keskk.\uko, county, Mich., in the n. part of 
the state, and e. side of Lake Michigan, and Lit- 
tle Traverse bay. 

Ketcham's Corners, p-o., Stillwater t., Sara- 
toga CO., N. Y. 

p-o., Hartford co., Ct., 14 



Milwaukee co.. Wis., 72 e. 



Ketch's Mills, 
Hartford, 350 W. 

Kewaunee, p-v., 
Madison, 813 W. 

Keyport, p-v., Middletown t., Monmouth co., 
N. .1., 46 E. by N. Trenton, 813 W. 

Keysburg, p-v., Logan co., Ky., 194 s. w. 
Frankfort, 721 W. 

Keysburg, p-v.. Pike co., El., 77 w. by s. 
Springfield, 857 W. 

Keyserville, p-o., Livingston co., N. Y. 

Keysville, p-v., Charlotte co., Va., 93 s. w. 
by w. Richmond, 183 W. 

Keytesville, p-v., capital of Chariton co.. 
Mo., 91 N. vv. Jefferson city, 985 W. Situated 2 
ms. w. of the Grand Chariton r., and 15 ms. n. 
from its entrance into the Missoiu-i r. It has a 
court house, jail, and 200 inhabitants. 

Key West, p-v., capital of Moiuoe co., Flor. 



ers.' About 15 vessels are wrecked annually, 
on the Florida reef, and these persons are em- 
ployed in savuig the property, and receive, on 
an average, about $77,000 annually. 

Kezar Falls, p-o., York co.. Me., 80 s. w. 
Augusta, 547 W. 

KiAMisHi, r., Indian ter., rises in Arkansas, 
and enters Red r. 6 ms. below Fort Towson. 

KiDRON, p-v., Coweta co., Ga., 96 w. by n. 
Milledgeville, 700 W. 

KiDRON, p-v., Cherokee nation, Indian ter. 
(See Dwight.) 

Kilbourn, p-o., Delaware co., O., 29 n. Co- 
lumbus, 413 W. 

KiLGORE, p-o., Carroll co., O., 118 e. n. e. 
Columbus, 289 W. 

Kilkenny, p-t., Coos co., N. H., 106 n. Con- 
cord, 575 W. Chartered in 1744, but being a 
mountainous region, with little land that invites 
cultivation, it has been little settled. The wild 
animals of the forest hold the chief possession. 
It has 1 sell. 10 scholars. Pop. 19. 

Killbuck, p-o.. Great Valley t., Cattaraugus 
CO., ]N. Y. 

Killbuck, p-t.. Holmes co., O., 80 n. e. Co- 
lumbus, 350 W. Situated on Killbuck cr. It 
has 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $8,235. Pop. 910. 

Killiam's Mills, p-o., Lincoln co., N. C, 177 
w. by s. Raleigh, 414 W. 

Killingly, p-t., Windham co., Ct., 47 E. Hart- 
ford, 378 W. The surface is imeven and rough, 
but the soil on the streams is fertile, and other- 
wise adapted to grazing. Watered by Quinne- 
baug r. and its branches, whicli atlord extensive 
water power. It has 3 fine villages all in sight 



KIN 



325 



KTN 



of each other. The t. was chartered in 1709. 
It has 22 stores, cap. $56,100 ; 1 furnace, 1 wool- 
len fac, 16 cotton fac. 21,998 sp., 1 tannery, 8 
grist m., 1 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $401,950. 
1 acad. 100 students, 20 sch. 996 scholars. Pop. 
3,685. 

KiLLiNGWORTH, p-t., Middlesex cc, Ct., 49 s. 
by E. Hartford, 326 W. Situated on Long Isl- 
and sound. The .s»irface is level on the s., but 
more uneven and rough on the n. ; soil, sandy 
and gravelly loam. It has a good harbor for 
small vessels. Drained by Hammonasset and 
Menuketesuck rivers. It has 3 stores, capital 
$ 1,900 ; 1 fidling m., 2 tanneries, 4 grist m., 6 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,050. 7 sch. 171 
scholars. Pop. 1,130. 

Kilmarnock, p-t., Piscataquis cc, Me., 104 n. 
K. Augusta, 701 W. Watered by Piscataquis r. 
and a tributary, the outlet of Otter pond. It has 
1 tannery, 1 saw m., 5 sch. 122 scholars. Pop. 
319. 

Kilmarnock, p-v., Lancaster co., Va., 90 e. 
Richmond, 150 W. Situated on Chesapeake 
bay, at the mouth of a small or. It contains 4 
churches — 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, and 2 Method- 
ist — 3 stores, and about 140 inhabitants. 

KiLLiNGTON Peak, Vt., a summit of the Green 
Mountains in the s. part of Sherburne t., 2,924 
leet above tidewater. 

Ki.MBERTON, p-v., E. Pikeland t., Chester co., 
Pa., 75 E. s. E. Harrisburg, 153 W. It contains a 
store, a boarding school, and 5 or 6 dwellings. 

KiMBOLTON, p-v., Guernsey co., O., 88 e. Co- 
lumlius, 327 W. 

KiMULGA, p-o., Shelby co., Ala., 97 e. Tusca- 
loosa, 769 W. 

Kimble, t., Athens co., O. It has 1 grist m. 
Cap. in manufac. $1,500. Pop. 762. 

Kincannon's Ferry, p-o., Meigs co., Tenn. 

KiNDERHOOK, county, Mo. Situated a little 
s. w. of tlte centre of the state, and contains 520 
sq. ms. Drained by a branch of Osage r., which 
rims on its n. boundary. Capital, Oregon. 

KiNDERHOOK, p-t., Columbia co., N. Y., 19 s. 
Albany, 351 VV. The surface is diversified ; soil, 
a fertile sandy loam and clay, well cultivated. 
Drained liy Kinderhook cr. The v. is situated 
on a plain 5 ms. e. of Hudson r., and contains 2 
churches — 1 Dutch Reformed and 1 Baptist — a 
bank, an academy, 14 stores, a printing office, 200 
dwellings, and about 1,400 inhabitants. There 
are in the t. 23 stores, cap. $53,800 ; 2 fulling m., 
1 woollen fac, 1 printing office, 1 weekly news- 
paper, 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$194,700. 2 acad. 314 students. 11 sch. 732 
scholars. Pop. 3,512. 

Kinderhook, cr., rises in Rensselaer co., and 
enters Hudson r. near Columbiaville, in Colum- 
bia CO. It affords extensive water power. 

Kinderhook, p-o., Warren co., N. C. 

Kinderhook, p-v.. Pike co., 111., 84 w. by s. 
Springfield, 864 W. 

Kinderhook, p-o., Gasconade co.. Mo., 38 s. 
E. Jefferson city, 960 W. 

Kinderhook, p-o.. Van Buren co., Ark., 120 
N. Little Rock, 1,096 W. 

Kinderhamack, p-o., Bergen co., N. J., 81 n. 
E. Trenton, 247 W. 

King and Queen, county, Va. Situated in 
the e. part of the state, and contains 335 sq. ms. 
It lies between Piankatank r. on the n. e., and 
Mattapony r. on the s. w.. branches of York r. 
Capital, King and Queen C. H. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 8.202 ; rye 2,662 bush, produced, 
Ind. corn 313,384,oats 36,212, potatoes 13,525, to- 
bacco 8,120 pounds, cotton 42,275 ; 6 stores, cap. 
$21,500; 1 tannery, 4 flouring m., 25 grist m., 8 



saw m. Cap. in manufac, $60,266. 14 acad. 252 
students, 13 sch. 296 scholare. Pop. whites 4,426, 
slaves 5,937, free col'd 499 ; total, 10,862. 

King and Queen C, H., p-v,, capital of King 
and Queen co., Va., 53 e. n. e. Richmond, 141 
W. Situated on a plain three quarters of a mile 
from Mattapony r., and contains a court house, 
jail, 2 stores, 1 flouring m., and 1 grist m. in the 
vicinity, and 60 inhabitants, of whom 40 are col- 
ored. 

King Creek, p-o , Barnwell dist., S. C, 147 
Columbia, 643 W. 

Kingfield, p-t., Franklin co.. Me., 59 n. n. w. 
Augusta, 648 W. Watered by Seven Mile r., a 
branch of the Kennebec r. It has 3 stores, cap. 
$2,500 ; 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$S00. 9 sch. 270 scholars. Pop. 671. 

King George, county, Va. Situated toward 
the e. part of the state, and contains 254 sq. ms. 
It has the Potomac r. on its n. e,, and the Rappa- 
hannock on its s. w. border. The surface is 
hilly; soil, various. Organized in 1720. Capi- 
tal, King George C. H. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 4,548, sheep 4,623, swine 6,689 ; wheat 
37,606 bush, prod., rye 3,629, Ind. com 254,270, 
oats 36,697, potatoes 5,902, tobacco 22,913 pounds, 
cotton 4,165; 6 stores, cap. ,$21,500 ; 11 grist m., 
3 saw m., 5 acad. 37 students, 10 sch. 152 schol- 
ars. Pop. whites 2,269, slaves 3,382, free col'd 
276 ; total, 5,927. 

King George C. H., p-v., capital of King 
George co,, Va,, 82 n, n. e, Richmond, 76 W. It 
contains a court house, jail, 1 store, 15 dwellings, 
and about 60 inhabitants. 

King of Prussia, p-o., Montgomery co.. Pa., 
85 e. Harrisburg, 155 W. 

KiNGSBORouGH, p-v., Johnstown t., Fulton cc, 
N. Y., 50 N. w. Albany, 414 W. It contains 1 
church, 1 high school, 2 stores, 40 dvvelUngs, and 
about 300 inhabitants. 

Kings, county, N. Y. Situated on the w. end 
of Long Island, and contains 76 sq. ms. Organ- 
ized in 1683. The surface is level, with a range 
of hills through the centre from e. to w. The 
soil is a sandy loam, highly cultivated, extensively 
producing vegetables for the New York market 
It has Gravesend and .lamaica bays cm the s. part 
Coney island, on the s., is a famous place for sea- 
bathing. The Long Island railroad commences 
at Brooklyn, and crosses the co. Capital, Brook- 
lyn. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,978, sheep 
48, swine 8,360; wheat 24,964 bush, produced, 
rye 8,537, Ind, corn 81,824, buckwheat 3,933, oats 
72,460, potatoes 95,805 ; 5 ct)mmercial and com. 
houses in foreign trade, cap, $109,500 ; 209 stores, 
cap. $515,800; 6 lumber yards, cap. $77,000; 
cap. invested in manufacture of drugs, paints, 
&c., $322,000 ; 1 tannery, 9 distilleries, 1 brew- 
ery, 14 rope fac, 5 printing offices, 2 binderies, 1 
periodical, 1 daily, 4 weekly, 1 semi-weekly 
newspapers. Cap. in manufac $1,806,950. 23 
acad, 1,398 students, 53 sch. 5,280 scholars. Pop. 
47,61.3. 

King's Bridge, p-v.. New York co,, N, V,, 13 
N, of City Hall, N, Y., 136 s. Albany, 233 W. 
Situated near a bridge crossing the Spuyten Duy- 
vcl creek, at the N. end of New York or Manhat- 
tan island. 

Kingsbury, p-t., Piscataquis co., Me. It has 
1 grist m., 1 saw ra,, 3 sch, 95 scholars. Pop, 227. 

Kingsbury, p-t,, Washington co,, N. Y., 58 n. 
Albany, 428 W. The surface is generally level ; 
soil, sand, sandy loam, and clay. Hudson r. runs 
on its s. w. border. Drained by a branch of 
Wood cr. The v. contains 1 church, 2 stores, 
and 15 or 20 dwellings. The v, of Sandy Hill, 
the half-shire of the co,, is in litis t. It has 14 



KIN 



326 



KIN 



stores, cap. $28,250; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 

1 tannery, 1 printing office, 1 bindery, 1 weekly 
newspaper, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $17,825. 3 acad. 164 students, 16 sch. 859 
scholars. Pop. 2,773. 

Kingsbury, p-o., La Porte cc, la., 145 n. by 
w. Indianapolis, 660 W. 

KiNGSEssiNG, p-t., Philadelphia co., Pa., 7 s. 
w. PhiJadelphia, 98 e. by s. Harrisburg, 134 W. 
The surface is level ; soil, alluvial. Delaware r. 
bounds it on the s. k., in which are several islands 
belonging to it. Schuylkill r. runs on its k. bor- 
der, and Darby cr. on the w. Mud island, in the 
Delaware, was the site of Fort Mifflin, which, in 
1777, made an obstinate and protracted defence 
against the British. On the bank of the Schuyl- 
kill is a fine botanical garden, originally founded 
by Bartram, the celebrated naturalist. It has 6 
.stores, cap. $6,600 ; 2 lumber yards, cap. $2,000 ; 

2 saw m. Cap. in raanufac. $10,900. Pop. 1,339. 

King'.s Ferry, p-v., Cienoa t., Cayuga co., N. 
Y., 173 w. Albany, 315 W. It contains 1 church, 
2 stores, 1 steam grist m., and about 30 dwellings. 

King's Ferry, p-o., Monongalia co., Va., 282 
N. w. Richmond, 206 W. 

King's Gap, p-o., Harris co., Ga., 118 w. Mil- 
ledgeville, 736 W. 

KipcGSLEi''s, p-o., Crawford co^ Pa., 243 n. w. 
by w. Harrisburg, 324 W. 

King's Mills, p-o., Montgomery co., Mo., 62 
N. E. Jefferson city, 877 W. 

King's Mountain, p-o., Cleveland co., N. C, 
200 w. by s. Raleigh, 437 W. The mountain was 
the scene of a Revolutionary battle in 1780. 

KiNGSFORT, p-v., Sullivan co., Tenn., 273 e. 
by N. Nashville, 409 W. Situated on the point, 
aijove the junction of the n. and s. forks of Holston 
r. It contains several stores and dwellings. 

King's Rjver, p-o., Carroll co., Ark., 190 n. 
w. by N. Little Rock, 1,168 W. 

King's Settlement, p-o., Norwich t., Che- 
nango CO., N. Y., 106 w. Albany, 312 W. 

King.ston, p-t>, Rockingham co., N. H., 33 s. 
s. E. Concord, 471 W. The surface is moderate- 
ly uneven ; soil, loam. Chartered in 1694. It 
has 2 considerable ponds, the outlets of which 
unite and flow into the Merriraac. It has 6 stores, 
cap. $6,500 ; 2 tanneries, 4 grist m., 3 saw ra., 6 
sch. 452 scholars. Pop. 1,032, 

Kingston, pt., Plymouth co., Mass., 34 Bos- 
ton, 443 W. Situated on a branch of Plymouth 
harbor, and has a good harbor, into which Jones 
r., a considerable stream, enters. The surface is 
level ; soil, thin and barren. This place has a 
considerable number of vessels engaged in the 
cod and mackerel fisheries. The v. on Jones r. 
contams 3 churches — 1 Congregationalist, 1 Uni- 
tarian, and 1 Baptist — and 50 dwellings, many of 
them neat and handsome. There are in the t. 7 
stores, cap, $8,800; 4 commercial houses, cap. 
$97,500 ; 1 cotton fac. 900 sp., 1 tannery, 3 grist 
m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $46,600. 7 sch. 
266 scliolars. Pop. 1,440. 

Kingston, p-v.. South Kingston t., Washington 
CO., R. I., 32 s. by w. Providence, 391 W. It 
contains a court house, a Congregational church, 
and several dwellings. 

Kingston, p-t., capital, Ulster co., N. Y., 57 s. 
by w. Albany, 316 W. The surface is rolling; 
soil, sandy loam, and fertile. Hudson r. bounds 
it on the e. Watered by Esopus cr. Rondout 
cr. runs on its s. e. border. The v. is pleasantly 
situated on Esopus cr., 3 ms. w. of the Hudson r. 
Incorporated in 1805. It contains a court house, 
jail, 4 churches — 1 Dutch Relbrmed, 1 Episco- 
pal, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist — an aciulemy, a 
female seminary, a bank, 40 stores and groceries, 



2 printing offices, 1 iron foundry, 2 tobacco fac, 

2 carriage fac, 3 leather fac, 300 dwellings, and 
about 2,300 inhabitants. There are in the t. 40 
stores, cap. $150,000; 3 commission houses, cap. 
$14,000; 4 lumber yards, cap. $10,000; 1 wool- 
len fac, 3 tanneries, 3 printing offices, 1 bindery, 

3 weekly newspapers, 4 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $37,140, 10 sch. 941 scholars. Pop. 
5,824. 

Kingston, p-v., Middlesex co., N. J., 14 n. K. 
Trenton, 180 W. It lies partly also in Somerset 
CO., midway between Philadelphia and New 
York, on Millstone r. It contains a Presbyte- 
rian church, an academy, 4 stores, 1 grist m., 1 
saw m., 1 woollen fac, and about 45 dwellings. 
The Delaware and Raritan canal passes through 
it, with a lock at this place. 

Kingston, p-t., Luzerne co.. Pa., 127 n. e. 
Harrisburg, 232 W. Susquehanna r. bounds it 
on the s. e. The surface is uneven, and the soil 
fertile. Tlie v., formerly called Wyoming, is in 
the s. part of the t., and contains 1 church, sev- 
eral stores, and about 60 dwellings. There are 
in the t. 8 stores, cap. $43,000; 3 fulling m., 1 
furnace, 1 woollen fac, 4 tanneries, 1 powder m., 
1 paper fac, 6 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. .$56,500. 8 sch. 411 scholars. Pop. 2,004. 

Kingston, p-v., Somerset co., Md., 118 s. E. 
by s. Annapolis, 158 W. 

Kingston, p-v., Greene t., Ross co., O., 55 s. 
Columbus, 400 W. It contains a brick church, 5 
stores, 60 dwellings, and about 350 inhabitants. 

Kingston, t., Delaware co., O. It has 6 sch. 
137 scholars. Pop. 657. 

Kingston, p-v., capital, Roane co., Tenn., 143 
e. by s. Nashville, 538 W. Situated on the point 
formed by the junction of the Clinch and Ten- 
nessee rivers, and contains a court house, jail, a 
church, 8 stores, and 500 inhabitants. 

Kingston, p-v., De Kalb co., III., 218 n. n. e. 
Springfield, 789 W. 

Kingston, p-v., Adams co.. Miss., 119 s. w. 
Jackson, 1,129 W. It has 1 church, 3 .stores, and 
several dwellings, 

Kingston, p-v., capital of Autauga co., Ala., 
86 Tuscaloosa, 826 W. Situated on the w. side 
of Autauga cr., and contains a court house and a 
few dwellings. 

Kingston, p-v., capital of Lenoir co., N. C, 80 
s. e. by E. Raleigh, 308 W. Situated on the n. 
side of the Neuse r. It contains a court house, 
jail, and several stores and dwellings. 

KiNGSTREK, p-v., Williamsburg dist., S. C, 105 
e, s. e. Columbia, 439 W. Situated on Black r. 

Kingsville, p-o., Armstrong co.. Pa. 

KiNGSviLLE, p-t., Ashtabula co., O., 213 N. E. 
Columbus, 348 W. Pop. 1,418. 

King William, county, Va. Situated toward 
the E. part of the state, and contains 270 sq. ms. 
It lies between the Mattapony r., on the n. e., 
and Pamunky r., on the s. w., by branches of 
which it is watered. Capital, King William C. 
H. There were in 1840, neat cattle 6,441, sheep 
4,977, swme 12,727; wheat 58,834 bushels pro- 
duced, rye 5,870, Indian corn 350,370, oats 45,149, 
potatoes 17,436, tobacco 11,171 pounds, cotton 
56,622; 9 stores, cap. $54,300 ; 1 tannery,' 6 flour- 
ing m., 17 gri-st m., 4 saw m. Cap. in raanufac. 
$51,275. 12 acad. 281 students, 5 sch. 68 schol- 
ars. Pop. whites 3,150, slaves 5,780, free col'd 
338 ; total, 9,258. 

King William, C. H., p-v., capital, King Wil- 
liam CO., Va., 38 .\. e. by e. Richmond, 126 W. 
It has a court house, clerk's office, and 2 jails, all 
of brick, and handsomely enclosed with an iron 
railing, and shaded by a grove of locust trees ; 1 
store, 10 dwellings, and about 75 inhabitants. 



KIS 



327 



KNO 



KiNGWooD, p-t., Hunterdon co., N. J., 29 n. w. 
Trenton, 186 W. The surface is hilly and roll- 
ing ; soil, red shale, clay, and loam, and fertile. 
Drained by Loakatong cr. It contains several 
villages. It has 8 .stores, cap. $17,500; 3 distil- 
leries, 6 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufactures 
$12,075. 6 sch. 157 scholars. Pop. 2,947. 

KiNGWOOD, p-v., capital of Preston co., Va., 
284 N. w. Richmond, 207 W. Situated on ele- 
vated ground, 2 ms. w. of Cheat r. It contains a 
court house, jail, 3 stores, 1 tannery, 30 dwell- 
ings, and 180 inhabitants. 

KiNNicoNicK, p-o., Lewis co., Ky., 121 n. e 
Frankfort, 455 W. 

Kinney's Four Corners, p-o., Hannibal t, 
Oswego CO., N. Y., 174 w. n. w. Albany, 365 W. 

KiNSALE, p-o., Westmoreland co., Va., 83 n. e. 
Richmond, 142 W. 

Kinsm.\n, p-t., Tnunbull co., O., 193 n. e. Co- 
lumbus, 309 W. It has 6 sch. 340 scholars. Pop. 
953. 

KiNZUA, p-v., Warren co., Pa., 223 n. w. Har- 
ri.sburg, 307 W. It has 1 grist m., 13 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. §38,600. 3 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 237. 

KiRBY, t., Caledonia co., Vt., 36 n. e. Montpe- 
lier, 14 n. e. Danville. The surface is mounlain- 
ous ; soil, wet and cold. Moose r., a branch of 
Pasumsic r., crosses the s. corner of the t. It has 
4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,100. 8 sch. 179 
scholars. Pop. 520. 

KiRBY, p-o., Greene co., Pa., 231 w. by s. Har- 
risburg, 234 W. 

KiRKERSviLLE, p-v., Harrfson t.. Licking co., 
O., 22 E. Columbus, 371 W. It contains 3 stores, 
20 dwellmgs, and about 179 inhabitants. It has 
1 sch. 65 scholars. 

Kirk LAND, p-t., Penobscot co.. Me., 84 n. e. 
Augusta, 679 W. Watered by streams which 
flow into Pushaw lake. It has 1 grist m., 2 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $3,000. 5 sch. 146 schol- 
ars. Pop. 351. 

KiRKLAND, p-t., Oneida co., N. Y., 100 w. n. 
w. Albany, 336 W. The surface is diversified ; 
soil, a fertile calcareous loam. Watered by Ori.s- 
kany cr. It has 12 stores, cap. $67,000 ; 4 full- 
ing m., 1 woollen fac, 2 cotton fac. 3,000 sp., 3 
tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 flouring m., 3 grist m., 8 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $216,305. 2 colleges 
190 students, 1 academy 50 students, 15 sch. 718 
scholars. Pop. 2,984. 

KiRKLAND, p-o., Cabarras co., N. C, 147 n. by 
w. Raleigh, 334 W. 

Kirk's Cross Roads, p-o., CHnton co., la., 32 
w. N. w. Indianapolis, 590 W. 

Kirksey's Cross Roads, p-o., Edgefield dist., 
S. C, 72 w. Columbia, 535 W. 

Kirk's Mills, p-o., Lancaster co., Pa., 61 e. 
by s. Harrisburg, 90 W. 

KiRKviLLE, p-v., Manlius t., Onondaga co., N. 
Y., 130 w. by N. Albany, 353 W. It contains 2 
stores, 25 dwellings, and about 150 inhabitants. 

KiRKsviLLE, p-v., Butler co., Ala., 141 s. s. e. 
Tuscaloosa, 872 W. 

Kirkwood, t., Belmont co., O. The national 
road passes through its s. e. corner. It has 2 sch. 
38 scholars. Pop. 2,279. 

KiRTLAND, p-t., Lake co., O., 167 n. e. by n. 
Columbus, 353 W. Here the Mormons first set- 
tled, and built a great temple, wliieh, since their 
departure, has been converted into a seminary 
for the preparation of school-teachers, and is a 
highly respectable institution. It has 3 stores, 
cap. $3,500; 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $13,300. 1 acad. 165 sUidents, 18 
sch. 807 scholars. Pop. 1,778. 

KisiiAcoatHLLAS, jj-o., Mifflin co.. Pa., 67 n. 
W. Harrisburg, 159 W. 



KisHWAUKiE, p-v., Winnebago co^ 111., 197 n. 
by E. Springfield, 810 W. 

KisKiMJNETAS, p-t., Armstrong co.. Pa., 187 w. 
n. w. Harrisburg, 211 W. It has Conuemaugh r. 
on its s. w. border. It lies on the Kiskiminetas, 
or Connemaugh r. Salt is found. The Penn- 
sylvania canal passes through a part of the t. It 
has 9 stores, cap. $19,900 ; 1 fulling m., 3 tanner- 
ies, 2 distilleries, 2 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $15,340. 13 sch. 370 scliolars. Pop. 
2,287. 

KiTCiiAFooNA, p-o., Marion co., Ga. 

KiTTANiNG, p-b., capital of Armstrong co.. Pa., 
182 w. N. w. Harrisburg, 236 W. The surface 
is hilly ; soil, a fertile gravelly loam. 'Ilie bor- 
ough is situated on the Alleghany r. It has a 
court house, stone jail, public offices, of brick, 2 
churche.'* — 1 Presbyterian, 1 common to German 
Reformed and Lutherans — an academy, 10 stores, 
3 tanneries, 100 tlwellings, aud about 600 inliabit- 
ants. There are in the t. 13 stores, cap. $48,300 ; 
2 tanneries, 1 pottery, 2 printing offices, 2 weekly 
newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $6,050. 1 acad. 
140 scholars. Pop. 702. 

KiTTANiNG, p-t., Armstrong co., Pa. The sur- 
face is liilly ; soil, a fertile gravelly loam. It has 
1 tannery, 6 distilleries, 3 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $9,170. Pop. 1,323. 

Kittatinny, mountains, a branch of the Alle- 
gany, extend through the n. part of N. J., cross 
the Delaware r. at the Delaware Water Gap, pass 
through Pennsylvania and the w. part of Mary- 
land into Virgfaiia. 

KiTTERY, p-t., York CO., Me., 100 g. w. Au- 
gusta, 497 W". Situated on the n. e. bank of Pi.s- 
cataqua r. 1'he Atlantic ocean lies on its e. anct 
s. border. A bridge connects it with Portsmouth. 
It has a good harbor for small vessels. It con- 
tains 7 stores, cap. $2,575 ; 2 grist m., 1 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $5,100. 11 sch. 644 scholars. 
Pop. 2,435. 

Klecknersville, p-o., Northampton co., Pa.., 
104 E. N. E. Harrisburg, 197 W. 

Kline's Mills, p-o., Somerset co., N. J., 39 n. 
Trenton, 214 W. 

Klinesville, p-o., Hunterdon co., N. J. 

Klinesville, p-o., Berks co., Pa., 73 e. by n. 
Harrisburg, 165 W. 

Knai* of Reeds, p-o., Granville co., N. C, 35 
N. Raleigli, 277 \V. 

Knightstown, p-v., Henry co., la., 33 e. In- 
dianapolis, 543 W. It is situated on a highblufT, 
on the w. side of Blue r., and on the national 
road. Pop. 467. 

Knottsville, p-v., Monongalia co., Va., 266 
N. w. Richmond, 190 W. 

Knottsville, p-v., Daviess co., Ky., 149 w. 
s. w. Frankfort, 691 W. 

Kxowersville, p-o., Albany co., N. Y., 16 
w. Albany, 3S6 W. 

K.vowlesville, p-v., Ridgeway t., Orlean.s 
CO., N Y., 256 w. by n. Albany, 398 W. Sit- 
uated on the Erie canal, and contains 3 churches, 
7 stores, 6 warehouses, 1 tannery, 70 dwellings, 
and about 450 inhabitants. 

Knowlton, i>t., Warren co., N. J., 66 n. by 
w. Trenton, 224 W. Bh>e mountain lies on its 
N. boundary, where is the celebrated Water Gap. 
The surface is hilly ; soil, slaty on the hills, and 
calcareous loam in the valleys. Drained by Pau- 
lin's Ivill, Beaver brook, and Sliawpocussing cr. 
The v., on Paulin's kill, contains 1 store, 1 large 
grist m., 1 clover m., and 8 or 10 dwellings. There 
are in the t., 7 grist m. Cap. in manufactures, 
§33,375. 16 sch. 769 scholars. Pop. 2,307. 

Kno.k, county, Tenn. Situated centrally in 
the E. part of the state, and contains 861 sq. ms. 



KNO 



328 



KOR 



Watered by Holston and Freiicli Broad rivers, 
which unite in tliis county, and form Tennessee 
r., and by Beaver cr., a branch of Clinch r. The 
surface is mountainous, excepting on the streams, 
wliere the soil is very fertile. Capital, Knoxville. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 13,876, sheep 
11,601, swine 36,952 ; wheat 101,491 bush, pro- 
duced, rye 2,940, Ind. com 716,166, oats 83,229, 
potatoes 18,050, tobacco 18,679 pounds, cotton 
19,781, sugar 8,490; 3 commission houses, cap. 
$115,000; 32 stores, cap. $194,800; 2 forges, 1 
fulling m., 11 tanneries, 41 distilleries, 1 pottery, 
19 flouring m., 41 grist m., 35 saw m., 2 oil m., 1 pa- 
per iac, 3 printing offices, 4 weekly, 1 semi-week- 
ly, and 1 periodical newspapers. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $111,250. 1 college, 100 students, 2 acad. 
112 students, 3 sch. 69 scholars. Pop. whites 
13,378, slaves 1,931, free colored 173; total, 
15,485. 

Knox, county, Ky. Situated in the s. e. part 
of the state, and contains 495 sq. ms. Watered 
by Cumberland r., which passes through the cen- 
tre, and its branches. Capital, Barbourville. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 6,381, sheep 5,718, 
swine 17,911 ; wheat 7,873 bush, produced, rye 
2,530, Ind. corn 263,141, oats 56,231, potatoes 
11,176, tobacco 9,355 pounds, cotton 3,618, sugar 
10,056 ; 9 stores, cap. $22,900 ; 1 tannery, 26 dis- 
tilleries, 1 flouring m., 7 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $22,526. 3 sch. 76 scholars. Pop. 
whites 5,022, slaves 536, free col'd 164; total, 
5,722. 

K.NOX, county, O. Situated near the centre of 
the state, and contains 618 sq. ms. It is uneven 
on the E., level on the w. The soil in the e. is 
moderately good ; in the w. a rich vegetable 
mold. Watered by Vernon r. and its tributa- 
ries, which aflx)rd abundant water power. Cap- 
ital, Mount Vernon. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 27,772, sheep 56,799, swine 44,421 ; wheat 
521,217 bush, produced, rye 14,895, Ind. corn 
518,295, buckwheat 23,576, barley 1,052, oats 
439,069, potatoes 80,027, tobacco 119,459 pounds, 
sugar 233,284 ; 56 stores, cap. $117,450 ; 3 fulUng 
m., 20 tanneries, 6 distilleries, 1 brewery, 1 potte- 
ry, 4 flouring m., 33 grist m., 57 saw m., 29 oil m., 
3 printing offices, 3 weekly newspapers. Cap. 
in manufac. $232,925. 1 college, 130 students, 2 
acad. 57 students, 162 sch. 6,097 scholars. Pop. 
29,579. 

Knox, county, la. Situated toward the s. w. 
part of the state, and contains 540 sq. ms. Or- 
ganized in 1802. Wabash r. runs on its w. bor- 
der, Wliite r. on its s. border, and the w. fork of 
White r. on its e. border. The surface is cov- 
ered with timber and prairie, mostly with the for- 
mer. The soil is very productive. Capital, Vin- 
cennes. There were in 1840, neat cattle 11,806, 
sheep 10,106, swine 35,295 ; wheat 51,679 bush, 
produced, rye 601, Ind. corn 668,2S3,oats 124,216, 
potatoes 16,654, tobacco 22,113 pounds, sugar 
37,601; 49 stores, cap. $228,800; 1 cotton fac. 
1,056 sp., 6 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 1 brewery, 2 
potteries, 2 flouring m., 10 grist m., 16 saw m., 1 
oil m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. 
Cap. in manufac. $92,748. 3 acad. 108 students, 
23 sch. 829 scholars. Pop. 10,657. 

Knox, county. 111. Situated towr.rd the N. w. 
part of the state, and contains 792 sq. ms. Or- 
ganized in 1830, but formed in 1825. Watered 
by Henderson and Spoon rivers, and their tribu- 
taries. There are extensive prairies, viith timber 
on the streams ; soil, fertile. Capital, Knoxville. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 7,5S6, sheep 6,907, 
swine 28,854 ; wheat 65,078 bush. produce<l, Ind. 
corn 386,797, oats 123,910, potatoes 29,762; 16 
stores, cap. $78,000 ; 4 distilleries, 2 flouring m., 



4 grist m., 15 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $38,400., 
1 college, 1 acad. 75 students, 18 sch. 489 schol- 
ars. Pop. 7,060. 

Knox, p-t., Waldo co., Me., 35 n. e. by e. Au- 
gusta, 630 W. The soil is fertile and well culti- 
vated. Incorporated in 1819. Cap. in manufac. 
$1,250. Pop. 897. 

Knox, p-t., Albany co., N. Y., 21 w. Albany, 
391 W. The siu-face is hilly and rough ; soil, 
generally fertile. Drained by Bozra kill and a 
tributary of Foxes cr. The v., called Knoxville, 
contains 1 Presbyterian church, an academy, 2 
stores, 1 tannery, 25 dwellings, and about 150 in- 
habitants. There are in the t., 6 stores, capital 
$10,800 ; 4 tanneries, 1 grist m., 18 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $8,575. 1 acad. 21 .students, 13 sch. 
686 scholars. Pop. 2,143. 

Knox, p-o., Middlcbury t., Knox co., O., 62 n. 
N. E. Columbus, 387 W. 

Knox, t., Columbiana co., O. Watered by the 
head branches of Mahoning cr. 

Knox, t., Guernsey co., O. Pop. 538. 

Knox, t.. Holmes co., O. It has 9 stores, cap. 
$71,630 ; 2 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 saw m., 1 oil 
m. Cap. in manufac. $3,075. 1 sch. 30 scholars. 
Pop. 1,180. 

Knox, t., Jefferson co., O. Pop. 1,529. 

Knox Centre, p-o., Knox t., Waldo county. 
Me. 

Knoxville, p-o., Tioga co., Pa., 162 n. Har- 
risburg, 276 W. 

Knoxville, p-v., Frederick co., Md., 91 n. w. 
Annapolis, 59 W. 

Knoxville, p-v., Knox t., JefTenson co., O., 
141 E. by N.Columbus, 275 W. Situated 4 ms. 
from Ohio r., and contains 1 church, 4 stores, 1 
stone flouring m., 40 dwellings, and 200 inhabit- 
ants. 

Knoxville, p-v., capital of Crawford co., Ga., 
55 s. w. by w. Milledgeville, 711 W. Situated 
4 ms. e. Flint r. It has a court house, jail, an 
academy, and 20 dwellings. 

Knoxville, p-o., Greene co., Ala., 26 s. w. 
Tuscaloosa, 844 W. 

Knoxville, p-v., city, and capital of Knox co., 
Tenn., 183 e. by s. Nashville, 498 W. Situated 
on the N. bank of Holston r., 4 ms. below the 
junction of French Broad r., at the head of steam- 
boat navigation. It contains a fine court house, 
a jail, 3 churches— 2 Presbyterian and 1 Method- 
ist — 2 academies, 1 male and 1 female, 5 whole- 
sale and 9 retail stores, about 200 dwellings, and 
1,500 inhabitants. The place is regularly laid 
out, and handsomely built. Much of the Hiwas- 
see railroad, extending from this place through 
Athens and Augusta to Charleston, S. C, is gra- 
ded. East Tennessee College is located here, 
was founded in 1807, has a president and 4 pro- 
fessors or other instructors, 56 students, and 3,307 
vols, in its libraries. Including a j)rimary de- 
partment, it has generally from 130 to 150 stu- 
dents. The commencement is on the first 
Wednesday in August. 

Knoxville, p-v., Knox co., la., 138 s. w. In- 
dianapolis, 708 W. 

Knoxville, p-v., capital of Knox co.. III., 100 
w. N. w. Springfield, 829 W. Situated on an ele- 
vated and rich prairie, near Haw cr. Organized 
in 1832, and contains a court house, 40 dwellings, 
and 250 inhabitants. 

Knoxville, p-v., Ray co., Mo., 156 w. N. w. 
Jefferson city, 1,059 W. 

KoRTRiGHT, p-t., Delaware co., N. Y., 15 n. 
Delhi, 69 \v. s. w. Albany, 365 W. The surface is 
hilly or mountainous ; soil, fertile loam, adapted 
to grass. Drained by Delaware r. and its tribu- 
taries. It has 3 stores, cap. $15,000 ; 2 fulling 



LAF 



329 



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KosKONONG, p-o., Jefferson co., Wis., 48 e. by 
s. Madison, 822 W. 

Kreidersville, p-v., Northampton c6., Pa., 
103 E. N. E. llarri.sl)iir!r, 19G W. Situated on 
Hockeiidocque cr., and has 1 store, a grist m., 
several dwellings, and a Lutheran churcli in the 
vicinity. 

KuLER, t.. Van Buren co., Mich. It has 2 sch. 
12 scholars. Pop. 126. 

KuLPSviLLE, po., Montgomery co., Pa., 95 e. 
Harrisburg, 165 W. 

KuTZTOWN, p-b., Maxatawny t., Berks co.. 
Pa., 69 E. Harrisburg, 162 W. Situated on a 
branch of Maiden cr., and has 1 ciiurcli, common 
to Lutherans and German Reformed, several 
stores, and 125 dwellings. Pop. G93. 

Kyger, p-o., Gallia co., O., 93 s. s. e. Colum- 
bus, 353 W. 

Kysericic, p-o., Rochester t., Ulster co., N. Y., 
71 s. s. E. Albany, 311 W. 



m., 3 tanneries, 3 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $13,500. 17 sch. G95 scholars. Pop. 
2,441. 

Kosciusko, county, la. Situated toward the 
N. part of the stale, and contains 567 sq. m.s. The 
surface is undulating ; soil, fertile. Watered by 
Tippecanoe r. and other streams, which afford 
water power. Capital, Warsaw. There were 
in 1810, neat cattle 5,037, sheep 2,923, swine 
11,880; wheat 30,6i)0 bush, produced, Ind. corn 
146,161, oats 38,415, potatoes 21,955, tobacco 
1,569 pounds, sugar 68,945 ; 13 stores, capital 
$26,100 ; 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 4 grist m., 10 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $17,781. 6 sch. 216 schol- 
ars. Pop. 4,170. 

Kosciusko, p-v., capital of Attala co., Miss., 
67 N. E. Jackson, 953 W. Situated on the w. 
side of the Yockonockony river. It contains a 
Baptist church, an academy, and several dwell- 
ings. 



L. 



L.\CK.\WACK, p-o., Wawarsing t., Ulster co., 
N. v., 91 s. s. w. Albany, 307 W. 

Lackawannock, t., Mercer co., Pa., 6 s. w. 
Mercer. The surface is uneven ; soil, clay and 
loam. Drained by Little Nesliannock cr. It has 
5 stores, cap. $10,200 ; 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 
flouring m., 4 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $4,065. 14 sch. 500 scholars. Pop. 2,130. 

Lackawanna, p-t., Luzerne co., Pa. It has 1 
furnace, 4 sch. 140 scholars. Pop. 363. 

Lackawanna, r.. Pa., rises in VVayne and Sus- 
quehanna counties, and after pursuing a course 
generally s. and s. w., 30 ms. from its source, it 
falls into Susquehanna r. at Pittstown. It affords 
extensive water power. 

Lackawannoc, mts., in Luzerne and Wayne 
counties, Pa., run between the sources of Lacka- 
waxen and Lackawannock rivers, tlie n. part of 
which is denominated Moosuck moimtain, and is 
traversed by the railroad from Honesdale to Car- 
bondalc. 

Lackawaxen, r.. Pa., ri.ses chiefly in Wayne 
CO., and flows tlirough a deep valley and receives 
Dyberry, Middle, and WauUenpaupack crs., and 
enters the Delaware in Pike co., where is a dam 
across the Delaware to supply the Delaware and 
Hudson canal with water, and to enable boats to 
cross the r. The Delaware and Hudson canal 
folloW'S the Lackawaxen r. to the j miction of Dy- 
berry cr. at Honesdale 25 ms., whence is a rail- 
roail, 16 ms. to the Lackawanna coal mines. 

Lackawaxen, p-t.. Pike co., Pa., 182 n. e. Ilar- 
risliurg, 279 W. It is watered by Delaware r., 
and Lackawaxen and other creeks. It has 3 sch. 
59 scholars. Pop. 750. 

Lacon, p-v., capital of Marshall co.. 111., 99 n. 
Springfield, 816 W. Situated on the e. side of 
Illinois r., and contains 3 stores, and about 20 
dwellings. 

Laconia, p-v., Harrison co., la., 147 s. Indian- 
apolis, 643 W. Situated 2 ms. n. of the Oluo r. 
It, has 1 store, a steam saw mill, and about 100 
inhabitants. 

Lacey's Spring, p-o., Morgan co., Ala., 139 
N. N. e. Tuscaloosa, 722 W. 

Ladiesburg, p-v., Frederick co., Md., 81 n. w. 
Annapolis, 58 W. 

Ladiga, p-o., Benton co., Ala., 152 e. n. E.Tus- 
caloosa, 708 W. 

Ladoga, p-o., Montgomery co., la., 38 vv. n. w. 
Indianapolis, 609 W. 

La Fargeville, p-v., Orleans t., Jefferson co., 
N., Y., 182 N. w. Albany, 432 W. 

La Fayette, parish, La. Situated in the s. 
42 



part of tlie state, and contains 1,800 square miles. 
Mermentan r. and lake l^ound it on tlio w., and 
tlie Gulf of Mexico s. The surface is low and 
level, and the most part of it too wet for cultiva- 
tion. Capital, Vermilionville. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 30,088, shcei) 2,622, swine 5,750 ; 
Ind. com 83,812 bush, produced, cotton 2,913,534 
pounds, sugar 1,016,534; 2 tanneries, 1 acad. 5 
students, 6 sch. 97 scholars. Pop. whites 4,474, 
slaves 3,233, free col'd 134; total, 7,841. 

La Fayette, county, Miss. Situated in the n. 
part of the state, and contains 790 sq. ms. Drain- 
ed by Tallahaichee river and its branches, and 
V'ocanapuafa r. Surface, undulating ; soil, fer- 
tile. Ca))ital, Oxford. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 9,000, sheep 3,570, swine 20,136; wheat 
9,496 bush, produced, Indian corn 270,848, oats 
12,705, })otatoes 27,190, toliacco 7,517 pounds, 
cotton 1,329,008 ; 19 stores, cap. $116,333 ; 5 tan- 
neries, 19 grist m., 13 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$52,047. 1 college 33 students, 2 acad. 84 stu- 
dents, 7 sch. 158 scholars. Pop. whites 3,676, 
slaves 2,842, free col'd 13; total, 6,531. 

La Fayette, county. Mo. Situated toward 
the w. part of the state, and contains 450 sq. ms. 
The surface is gently undulating ; soil, very fer- 
tile. Missouri r. runs on its n. border. Drained 
by small branches of the Missouri, which afford 
water power. Capital, Lexington. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 1,990, sheep 7,320, swine 
37,582 ; wheat 9,316 bush, produced, Indian corn 
339,833, oats 58,896, potatoes 18,601, tobacco 
7,492 pounds, cotton 617 ; 13 stores, cap. $138,200 ; 
4 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $31,500. 
8 sch. 254 scholars. Pop. whites 4,799, slaves 
1,990, free col'd 26 ; total, 6,815. 

La Fayette, county, Ark. Situated in the s. 
w. part of the stale, and contains 1,260 sq. miles. 
Drained by Red r. and its branches. Capital, 
Lewisville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
2,331, sheep 215, swine 6,625 ; Ind. com 136,560 
bush, produced, potatoes 12,900, cotton 1,312,890 
pounds. Pop. whites 505, slaves 1,644, free col'd 
1 : total, 2,200. 

La Fayette, p-t., Onondaga co., N. Y., 130 \v. 
by N. Albany, 330 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, 
clay loam. Drained !)y Onondaga cr. 'P+ie v. 
contains 1 chiu-ch, 2 stores, 1 tannery, 25 dwell- 
ings, and about 150 inhabitants. The t. has 4 
stores, cap. $15,000 ; 3 tanneries, 3 flouring m., 3 
grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $20,050. 17 
sch. 881 scholars. Pop. 2,000. 

La Fayette, p-v., Newton t., Sussex co., N. J., 
75 N. Trenton, 243 W. Situ.ited on Paulmskill r. 



LAG 



330 



LAH 



It contains 1 Baptist church, 1 store, 1 cupola fur- 
nace, 1 grist m., and 12 or 14 dwellings. 

La Fayette, p-o., McKean co., Pa.. 208 n. vv. 
Harrisburg, 291 W. 

La Fayette, Chambers co., Ala. (See Cham- 
bers C. H.) 

La Fayette, p-v., Deer Creek t, Madison co., 
O., 22 w. Columbus, 415 W. It contains 2 stores, 
and about 150 inhabitants. 

La Fayette, t., Coshocton co., O. It has 1 
sch. 60 scholars. Pop. 848. 

La Fayette, t., Meilina co., O. It has 2 tan- 
neries, 1 distillery, 1 flouring m., 3 grist m., 5 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $580. 4 sch. 127 scholars. 
Pop. 937. 

La Fayette, p-v.. Christian co., Ky., 221 s. w. 
by w. Frankfort, 738 W. 

La Fayette, p-v., Montgomery co., Va., 188 
w. by s. Richmond, 256 W. 

La Fayette, p-v., capital of Walker co., Ga., 
199 N. w. Milledgeville, 631 W. Situated on the 
w. side of Chattooga r., and contains a court house, 
jail, an academy, 2 cliurches — 1 Baptist and 1 
Methodist — 7 stores, and about 100 dwellings. 

La Fayette, p-v., capital of Tippecanoe co., 
la., 70 N. w. Indianapolis, 628 W. It is situated 
on the E. side of the Wabash r., 10 ms. below the 
mouth of the Tippecanoe r., at the head of steam- 
boat navigation on the Wabash. It contains a 
courthouse, jail, market house, bank, 7 churches — 
2 Presbyterian, (1 old and 1 new school,) 1 Baptist, 
1 Episcopal, 1 Methodist, 1 Universalist, and 1 Af- 
rican — an academy, 21 stores, 2 flouring m., 2 
saw m., 1 paper m., 1 carding and fulling m., 400 
dwellings, and about 2,000 inhabitants. The Wa- 
bash and Erie canal is in operation to this place, 
and connects it with Lake Erie. 

La Fayette, city, and capital of JefTerson par.. 
La., 2 w. by s. New Orleans, 1,174 W. Though 
the capital of another parish, it constitutes virtu- 
ally a continuation of the city of New Orleans, 
wliich joins it on the n. e. It contains a court 
house, and other county buildings, 3 cliurches, 
and a market house. It borders on the Missis- 
sippi, and has 1 steam ferry, which crosses the r., 
and another which connects it with New Orleans 
proper. The New Orleans and CarroUton railroad 
passes, in Naides-street, through the city. It has 

1 acad. 55 students, 2 sch. 153 scholars. Pop. 
3,207. 

La Fayette, t., Van Buren co., Mich. It has 

2 stores, cap. $11,000; 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. 
m manufac. $26,000. 3 sch. Ill schol's. Pop. 327. 

La Fayette, C. H., p-v., capital of La Fayette 
CO., Ark., 162 s. w. Little Rock, 1,237 W. 

La Fayette, t., Livingston co., Mo. Pop. 307. 

Lafourche, r.. La., an outlet of the Mississippi, 
which leaves the r. above Donaldsonville, and 
proceeding s. e. 90 ms., flows into the Gulf of 
Mexico. 

L.vfourche Interior, parish. La. Situated 
in the s. e. part of the state, and contains 1,100 
sq. ms. Watered by Bayou Lafourche. The sur- 
face is level, and much of it too marshy to bo fit 
for cultivation. Along the streams is some land 
capable of cultivation, and very fertile, producing 
.sugar and cotton. Capital, Thibodeau.wiile. 
Tliere were in 1840, neat cattle 6,401, sheep 
1,253, swine 8,812; Ind. corn 186,747 bush, pro- 
duced, potatoes 20,323, cotton 1,690,000 pounds, 
sugar 9,945,000 ; 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$18,000. 4 sch. 56 scholars. Pop. whites 3,986, 
slaves 3,246, free col'd 71 ; total, 7,303. 

La Fox, p-o., Kane co.. 111., 187 n. n. e. Spring- 
field, 758 W. 

Lag ado, p-o., Wilson co., Tenn., 30 e. Nash- 
ville, 673 W. 



La Grange, county, la. Situated in the n. e. 
part of tlie state, and contains 380 sq. ms. The 
surface is gently rolling ; soil, fertile, with prai- 
ries in the n., and timber s. Watered by Fawn, 
Pigeon, and Little Elkhart rivers. It has a num- 
ber of small lakes. Capital, Lima. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 4,499, sheep 3,057, swine 
7,944 ; wheat 58,142 bush, produced, Ind. corn 
97,953, barley 1,619, oats 72,107, potatoes 27,278, 
sugar 26,084 pounds ; 12 stores, cap. $50,550 ; 
2 tanneries, 6 distilleries, 4 grist m., 15 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $13,460. 1 college, 60 students, 
2 acad. 130 students, 21 sch. 494 scholars. Pop. 
whites 3,661, free col'd 3 ; total, 3,664. 

La Grange, p-t., Penobscot co.. Me., 97 n. n. 
E. Augusta, 693 W. It has several ponds, frora 
which small streams issue, and flow into the Pe- 
nobscot. The soil is productive. It has 1 grist 
m., 4 sch. 149 scholars. Pop. 336. 

La Grange, t., Dutchess co., N. Y. The sur- 
face is rolling, and on the E. hilly ; soil, a fertile 
gravelly loam, well cultivated. Drained by 
Sprout and Wappinger's creeks. It has 5 stores, 
cap. $8, 100 ; 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 
2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $52,588. 5 sch. 125 
scholars. Pop. 1,851. 

La Grange, p-o., Covington t, Wyoming co., 
N. Y., 244 w. Albany, 366 W. 

La Grange, p-o., Luzerne co., Pa., 158 N. E. 
Harrisburg, 203 W. 

La Grange, p-t., Lorain co., O., Ill N. n. e. 
Columbus, 370 W. Watered by the 2 branches 
of Black r., between which it is chiefly situated . 
It has 1 store, cap. $5,000 ; 1 grist m., 2 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $1,000. 8 sch. 249 .scholars. 
Pop. 1,001. 

La Grange, p-v., capital of Oldham co., Ky., 
35 N. w. by w. Frankfort, 577 W. Situated on 
the s. bank of the Ohio r. It contains a court 
house, 1 acad., several stores, and 233 inhabitants. 

La Grange, p-v., Randolph co., N. C, 92 w. 
Raleigh, 331 W. 

La Grange, p-v., capital of Troup co., Ga., !2l 
w. Mdledgeville, 739 W. Situated on a small 
stream falling mto the Chattahoochee r., and G 
ms. E. of it. It contains a court house, jail, 3 
churches — 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, 1 Presbyterian, 
— an academy, and 1,000 inhabitants. 

La Grange, p-v., Franklin co., Ala., 136 n. by 
vv. Tuscaloosa, 776 W. Situated on elevated 
ground, 16 s. of Tennessee r. It c(jntains La 
Grange college, under the direction of the Meth- 
odists, founded in 1831, which has a president, 5 
professors or other instructors, 50 alumni, 100 stu- 
dents, and 1,200 vols, in its libraries. 

La Grange, p-v., Favette co., Tenn., 184 s. 
w. by w. Nashville, 869 "W. Situated i m. n. of 
Wolf r. It has 3 churches, 1 female academy, 
and about 450 uihabitants. 

La Grange, p-t., Cass co., Mich., 171 w. by s. 
Detroit, 619 W. Watered by a branch of Do- 
wagiake r. and Putnam's cr. The soil is fertile, 
adapted to grain. It has 2 stores, cap. $9,500 ; 1 
tannery, 1 distillery, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $11,988. Pop. 769. 

La Grange, p-v., Henry co.. 111., 134 N.by w. 
Springfield, 863 W. 

La Grange, p-v., Lewis co.. Mo., 129 n. n. e. 
Jefferson city, 898 W. Situated on the w. bank 
of the Mississippi r., immediately below the en- 
trance of Wyaconda r. 

La Grange Bluff, p-o., Brown co., HI., 66 w. 
Springfield, 846 W. 

La(;ro, i)-t., Wabash co., la., 94 N. by e. In- 
dianapolis, 581 W. Pop. 486. 

La Harpe, p-o., Hancock co., 111., 104 w. N 
w. Springfield, 865 W. 



LAK 



831 



LAM 



Laings, p-0., Green t., Monroe cc, O., 120 e. 
Columbus, 287 W. 

Laingbury, p-v., Shiawassee cc, Mich., 93 n. 
vv. Detroit, 596 W. 

Lairdsville, p-o., Westmoreland t., Oneida 
CO., N. Y., 102 w. N. w. Albany, 384 W. 

Lairdsville, p-o., Lycoming co., Pa., 98 n. 
Harrisburg, 208 W. 

Lake, county, O. Situated in the n. e. part 
of the state, and contains 220 sq. ms. Watered 
by Grand and Chagrin rivers. Lake Erie lies on 
its N. w. border. Capital, Painesville. There 
were in 1810, neat cattle 11,568, sheep 29,894, 
swine 10,393; wheat 82,570 bush, produced, rye 
2,279, Ind. corn 121,136, buckwheat 4,717, barley 
7,238, oats 62,255, potatoes 81,462, sugar 64,931 
pounds; 72 stores, cap. $69,100; 5 fulling m., 10 
tanneries, 2 distilleries, 11 grist m., 41 saw m., 
2 printing offices, 1 binderj', 3 weeldy newspa- 
pers. Cap. in manufac. $44,030. 1 college, 40 
students, 2 acad. 285 students, 105 sch. 5,915 
scholars. Pop. whites 13,698, free col'd 21 ; total, 
13,719. 

Lake, county, la. Situated in the n. vv. cor- 
ner of the state, and contains 468 sq. ms. Lake 
Michigan lies on its n. border. The surface is 
generally level, with bluffs and sand hills along 
the lake. Some portion of it is marshy, and has 
considerable prairie and woodland. Kankakee 
r. runs on its s. border. Watered by Deep r. and 
Cedar and Eagle creeks. Capital, Crown Point. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 2,085, sheep 453, 
swine 4,434; wheat 15,838 bush, produced, Ind. 
corn 27,675, oats 29,176, potatoes 16,583, tobacco 
3,020 pounds ; 2 stores, cap. $3,300 ; 1 grist m., 
4 saw m., 1 printing office. Cap. in manufac. 
$5,950. 7 sch. 116 scholars. Pop. 1,468. 

Lake, county, 111. Situated in the n. part of 
the state, and contains 425 sq. ms. Lake Michi- 
gan lies on its E. border. The surface is undu- 
lating, covered chiefly with prairie. Watered by 
Des Plaines r. Capital, Little Fort. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 5,319, sheep 169, swine 7,714, 
wheat 22.556 bush, produced, Ind. com 34,063, 
buckwheat 3,755, barley 3,294, oats 46,406, pota- 
toes 71,532; 3 stores, cap. ($2,500; 1 tannery, 1 
grist ra., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,000. 16 
sch. 261 scholars. Pop. 3,634. 

Lake George, N. Y. (See George, lake.) 

Lake, p-o., Greenwich t., Washington co., N. 
y., 44 N. N. w. Albany, 414 W. 

Lake, p-t., Starke co., O., 134 n. e. Columbus, 
325 W. It has 3 sch. 87 scholars. Population, 
2,150. 

Lake, t., Logan co., O. The soil is indifferent. 
It contains the v. of Bellefontaine, the capital of 
the CO. There are in the t. 7 sch. 223 scholars. 
Pop. 1,175. 

Lake, t., Wayne co., O. Watered by the e. 
fork of Mohiccan r. Pop. 1,144. 

Lake, C. H., la. (See Crown Point.) 

Lake Drummond, p-o., Norfolk co., Va., 123 
s. E. Richmond, 253 W. 

Lake Hill, p-o., Woodstock t., Ulster co. N. Y. 

Lake Landing, p-v., capital of Hyde co., N. 
C, 215 E. by s. Raleigh, 400 W. Situated on the 
s. side of Mattimuskett lake. 

Lake Laura, p-o., Leon co., Florida. 

Lake Pleasant, p-t., capital of Hamilton co., 
N. Y., 81 N. w. by n. Albany, 4.50 W. This 
large t., being 50 ms. long, is mostly a wilderness, 
with mountains, valleys, and lakes, abounding 
with wdd game and fish. Drained by Sacanda- 
ga and Indian rs., tributaries of the Hudson. The 
v. is situated on the w. side of Lake Pleasant, and 
contains a court house, and county clerk's office, 
1 church, 1 store, and 10 or 12 dwellings. There 



is in the t. 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $375. 
2 sch. 107 scholars. Pop 296. 

Lake Providence, p-v., capital of Carroll 
par., La., 366 n. n. w. New Orleans, 1,154 W. 
It contains a court house, jail, hospital, several 
stores and dwellings. The lake consists of an 
ancient bed of the Mississi|>pi r., which has taken 
a difl[erent course ; and in the n. and s. part the 
entrance from the river is entirely closed. Its 
outlet to the s. forms Tensas r. 

Lake Ridge, p-o., Tompkins co., N. Y., 177 
w. Albany, 311 W. 

Lake St. Croi.x, p-o., St. Croix co.. Wis. 
Situated on n. side of the Mississippi r., just be- 
low the outlet of Lake St. Croix into the Missis- 
sippi. (See St. Croix r. and lake.) 

Laketon, p-v., Wabash co., la., 104 n. by e. 
Indianapolis, 594 W. Situated on the w. side of 
Eel r. 

Lakeville, p-o., Livonia t., Livingston co., N. 
Y., 228 w. Albany, 353 W. 

Lakeville, v.. North Hempstead t.. Queens 
CO., N. Y^, 20 E. New York. Situated on the 
border of Success Pond, a small but beautiful 
sheet of water, having no visible outlet. It 
abounds with perch. The v. has about 8 or 10 
houses. 

Lakeville, p-v., Oakland co., Mich., 43 n. av. 
Detroit, 568 W. 

Lake Zurich, p-o., Lake co.. 111. 

Lamar, p-t., Clinton co.. Pa. The surface is 
mountainous ; soil, in the valleys, calcareous 
loam. Drained by Big Fishing cr. and Cedar cr. 
It has 4 stores, cap. $20,000 ; 1 furnace, 1 forge, 
2 tanneries, 3 flouring m., 10 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $9,400. 1 sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 
1,883. 

Lamar, p-o., Marshall co., Miss., 207 n. by E. 
Jackson, 879 W. 

Lambertsville, p-v., Amwell t., Hunterdon 
CO., N. J., 15 N. w. Trenton, 173 W. 

Lambertsville, p-v., Monroe co., Mich., 70 s. 
w. Detroit, 475 W. 

La Mine, r., Mo., rises in La Fayette and 
Johnson counties, and flowing e. enters Missouri 
r., 5 or 6 miles above Koonevillc. About 20 miles 
from its mouth it receives Blackwater r. These 
rivers are na\igable for keel-boats a considerable 
distance. 

La Mine, p-o.. Cooper coa. Mo., 60 w. n. w. 
Jefl^er.son city, 974 W. The t. has 2 sch. 53 
scholars. Pop. 988. 

La.mne's Mills, p-o., Boone co.. Mo., 31 n. by 
w. Jefferson city, 946 W. 

Lamoille, r., Vt., one of the 4 largest rivers on 
the w. side of the mountain, rises in Greensboro', 
Orleans co., and pursuing a s. w. course for some 
distance, turns to the w. n. w., and flows into 
Lake Champlain, in the x. part of Colchester. It 
has a number of falls, affording extensive water 
power. 

Lamoille, county, Vt. Situated toward the 
n. w. part of the state. Organized in 1836. 
Watered by Lamoille river and its branches, 
and in the s. pari by Watcrbury r., a branch of 
Onion r. The western Green mountain range 
passes through the co., and Mansfield mountain, 
its highest peak, is m the s. part. Most of the 
land is adapted to grazing, but some parts of it, 
particularly on the streams, to tillage. Capital, 
Hydepark. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
16,555, sheep 40,921, swine 7,287 ; wheat 21,070 
bushels produced, rye 1,604, Ind. corn 28,483, 
oats 70,727, potatoes 472,563, sugar 295,476 
pounds ; 26 stores, cap. $81,600 ; 11 fulling m., 2 
woollen fac, 9 tanncrie.s, 12 grist m., 54 saw m., 
1 oil m., 1 printuig otfice, 1 weekly newspaper. 



LAN 



332 



LAN 



Cap. in nianufac. $93,705. 1 acad. 100 students, 
105 sch. 3,216 scholars. Pop. 10,475. 

La Moine, p-o., McDonough cc, III., 97 n. w. 
Springfield, 873 W. 

Lampeter, t., Lancaster cc, Pa. Pecquea cr. 
flows on its s. E., and Conestoga r. on its n. w. 
boundary. Drained by Mill creek, a branch of 
Conestoga r. It has 9 stores, cap. -$22,400; 3 
commission lioiises, cap. $4,000; 2 fulling m., 
1 woollen fao., 3 tanneries, 8 distilleries, 7 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $49,647. 13 sch. 669 
scholars. Pop. 3,269. 

Lampeter Square, p-v., Lampeter t., Lan- 
caster CO., Pa., 43 s. E. Harri.sburg, 117 W. It 
contains a store and 12 dwellings. 

Lamprey, r., N. H., flows tlu-ough Great bay 
into the Piscataqua r. 

Lancaster, county, Pa. Situated toward the 
s. e. part of the state, and contains 928 sq. miles. 
It was the 4th co. established in the state, and is 
perhaps the richest. Susquehanna river washes 
Its s. w. Ijorder for more than 40 miles. Wa- 
tered by Conestoga, Pecquea, Conewango, and 
other creeks, which flow into the Susquehanna, 
and afford excellent water power. Iron ore 
and sulphate of magnesia, or epsom salts, are 
found. Capital, Lancaster. Tliere were in 1840, 
neat cattle 61,164, sheep 41,967, swine 75,026; 
wheat 1,129,277 bushels produced, Indian corn 
1,307,000, buckwiieat 12,073, oais 1,376,673, rye 
448,710, potatoes, 223,860, tobacco 48,860 pounds ; 
66 stores, cap. $1, 116,085; 2 lumber yards, cap. 
$207,000 ; 12 fulling m., 10 woollen fac, 1 cotton 
fac. 2,000 sp., 57 tanneries, 102 distilleries, 8 brew- 
eries, 8 potteries, 9 printing oflices, 9 weekly 
newspapers, 128 flouring m., 135 grist m., 106 
saw m., 2 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $1,213,484. 
4 acad. 218 students, 206 sch. 6,745 scholars. 
Pop. 84,203. 

Lancaster, coimty, Va. Situated in the e. 
part of the state, and contains 161 square miles. 
Chesapeake bay and Potomac r. lie on its e. and 
N. E. Ijorder. Capital, Heathville. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 3,084, sheep 2,099, swine 7,594 ; 
■wheat 25,750 bush, produced, oats 43,866, potatoes 
7,172, cotton 10,272 lbs. ; 10 stores, cap. $30,500; 
1 tannery, 7 grist m., 1 sawm. Cap. in manufac. 
$2,000. 7 sell. 140 scliolars. Pop. whites 1,903, 
slaves 2,478, free col'd 247 ; total, 4,628. 

Lancaster, district, S. C'. Situated in tlie n. 
part of the state, and contains 524 square miles. 
Lynche's cr. runs on its e., and Catawba r. on its 
w. border, by brandies of which it is watered. 
Capital, Lancaster. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 10,943, sheep 6,165, swine 15,915; wheat 
23,910 bushels produced, Ind. corn 308,832, oats 
26,371, potatoes 13,793, cotton 2,647,676 pounds ; 
18 stores, cap. $60,000 ; 2 flouring m., 9 grist m., 
8 saw m., 19 oil m. . Cap. in nianufac. $10,970. 
1 acad. 6 students, 17 sch. 446 scholars. Pop. 
whites 5,565, slaves 4,235, free coFd 107 ; total, 
9,907. 

Lanca.ster, p-t., capital of Coos co., N. H., 101 
N. by w. Concord, 562 W. Connecticut r. runs 
on its N. w. border. Watered by Israel's river 
and its branches, which afford water power. 
The surface is hilly, liut not mountainous ; soil, 
fertile, particularly on the streams. The v. is 
situated on Israel's r., 1 in. from its entrance into 
Connecticut r., and contains a court house, jail, a 
Congregational church, and an acad. A bridge 
here crosses the r., and anotlier bridge cra'ises 
Connecticut r. to Guildhall. It has 6 stores, cap. 
$14,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 printing of- 
fice, 1 weekly newspaper, 1 grist m., 4 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $18,200. 1 acad. 120 students, 
11 sch. 400 scholars. Pop. 1,316, 



Lancaster, p-t., Worcester co., Mass., 36 w. 
by n. Boston, 416 W. Situated on both sides of 
Nashua r., along which is a fertile alluvial soil. 
The village is situated on Nashua r., where its 2 
branches meet, and contains a Unitarian church 
an academy, a bank, and about 75 dwellings. 
Incorporated in 1653. The t. has 4 stores, cap. 
$13,000; 2 fulling m., 1 vyoollen fac, 2 cotton 
fac. 256 sp., 1 tannery, 1 printing office, 1 binde- 
ry, 4 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufactures, 
$17,830. 1 acad. 6 students, 12 sch. 525 scholars. 
Pop. 2,019. 

Lancaster, p-t., Erie co., N. Y., 280 w. Al- 
bany, 387 W. The surface is undulating ; .soil, 
clay, and calcareous loam. Drained by Ellicott's, 
Cayuga, and Seneca creeks. The v. is on Cay- 
uga cr., and contains 4 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 
1 3Iethodist, 1 Lutheran, and 1 Roman Catholic 
— 2 stores, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 clothier's 
works, 90 dwellings, and about 600 inhabitants. 
There are in the t., 4 stores, cap. $5,700 ; 2 ful- 
ling m., 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $11,500. 9 sch. 390 scholars. Pop. 2,083. 

Lancaster, city, and capital of Lancaster co.. 
Pa., and formerly capital of the state, is situated 
li w. of Conestoga cr., which falls into the Sus- 
quehanna, 9 .s. s. w. of the city. It is in 44° 2' 
36" N. lat., and 76° 20' 33" w. Ion. ; 37 e. s. e. 
Harrisburg, 62 w. Philadelphia, 111 W. Pop. 
1820, 6,663; 1830, 7,704; 1840, 8,417. It is 
regularly laid out with wide streets, crossing 
each other at right angles. The streets are well 
paved and kept in a neat condition. Some of the 
buildings are low, having only one story, built by 
the early German settlers, but the houses more 
recently built are spacious and commodious, and 
many of them elegant. Franklin College was 
established here in 1787, chiefly by Germans, and 
was liberally endowed, but it has declined to a 
mere grammar school. The Lancaster County 
Academy was incorporated in 1827, and received 
a grant of $3,000. There are in the city, a Lan- 
casterian school, 2 public libraries, a reading 
room, and several other institutions of a literary 
character. It has a court house and 11 churches 
— 2 Lutheran, 1 German Reformed, 1 lilpiscopal, 

1 Moravian, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Methodist, 1 Inde- 
pendent Methodist, 1 Roman Catholic, and 1 Af- 
rican. It is surrounded by a very fertile, highly 
cultivated, and populous country. The great 
western turnpike from Philadelphia to Pittsburg, 
and the Philadelphia and Columbia railroad, pass 
through the city. Its commerce and niunufac- 
tures are considerable. There were in 1840, 

2 commission houses engaged in foreign trade, 
cap. $3S,000 ; 32 stores, cap. $212,750 ; 3 lum- 
ber yards, cap. $16,000; 3 furnaces; machinery 
manufactured, value $12,500; 2 tanneries, 13 
distilleries, 4 breweries, 4 potteries, 2 ropewalks, 

3 printing oflices, 3 binderies, 6 weekly news- 
papers. Capital in manufac. $223,439. 2 acad. 
64 students, 12 sch. 1,715 scholars. Pop. 8,417. 
In adilition, in the t., are 1 cotton fac. 2,000 sp., 
5 distilleries, 3 flouring m., 3 grist m., and 2 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $90,000. 3 sch. 120 schol- 
ars. Poj). 809. 

Lancaster, p-v., Hocking t., capital of Fair- 
field CO., O., 30 s. E. Columbus, 375 W. Situ- 
ated near the source of Hockhocking r. The 
streets arc wide, crossing each other at right an- 
gles. It contains a court house, jail, a bank, 
town hall, market, 7 churches, 16 stores, 2 flour- 
ing m., 1 woollen fac, 1 foundry, 2 breweries, 
numerous mechanics, 2 printing oflices, 400 
dwellings, many of them elegant, and 3,272 in- 
habitanis. A lateral canal, 12 ms. long, connects 
this place with the Ohio canal. 



LAN 

Lancaster, p-v., capital of Garrard co., Ky., 
57 s. by K. Frankfort, 555 W. Situated a few ms. 
E. of Dick's r. It contains a conrt house, jail, 
several stores an<l 480 inhabitants. 

Lancaster, p-v.. Smith co., Tenn., 61 s. 
E. Nashville, 641 W. Situated on the w. side of 
the Cany fork of Cumberland r. 

Lancaster, p-l., Jefferson co., la., 74 s. s. e. 
Indianapolis, 574 W. Pop. 1,787. 

Lancaster, p-v., 3Iorgan co.. 111., 24 s. w. 
Springfield, 804 W. 

Lancaster, p-v., capital of Grant co., Wis., 
96 w. s. w. Madison, 928 W. It has a court 
house and several dwellings. 

Lancaster, C. H., p-v., capital of Lancaster 
CO., Va., 83 E. by n. Richmond, 144 W. It con- 
tains a court honse, jail, 3 stores, 30 dwellings, 
and about 100 inhabitants. 

Lancaster, C. H., p-v., capital of Lancaster 
CO., S. C, 72 N. N. E. Columbia, 434 W. Situ- 
ated on a small branch of the Catawba r., and 
contains a court house, several stores and dwell- 
ings. 

Landaff, p-t., Grafton co., N. II., 84 n. w. 
Concord, 532 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, 
fertile. Chartered in 1764. Watered by Great 
Ammonoosuck r.. Wild Ammonoosuck r., and 
their branches. It has 3 saw ra. Capital in 
raanufac. $1,400. 9 sch. 440 scholars. Pop. 
957. 

Landgrove, p-t., Bennington co., Vt., 98 s. by 
w. Monlpelier, 442 W. Chartered in 1780. Wa- 
tered by branches of West r. The surface is 
elevated and rough. A stage road across the 
Green mountains, from Manchester to Chester, 
passes through the place. It has 1 store, cap. 
$2,000 ; 2 saw m. Cap. in raanufac. $700. 3 
sch. 115 scholars. Pop. 344. 

Landing p-o., Boone co., Ky., 65 n. Frankfort, 
530 W. 

Landisburg, p-v.. Perry county. Pa., 29 w. 
Harrisburg, 117 W. It contains 1 Presbyterian 
church, 4 stores, and about 400 inhabitants. 

Landisville, p-o., Lancaster co., Pa., 31 e. 
by s. Harrisburg, 117 W. 

Lanefield, p-o., Haywood co., Tenn., 160 w. 
s. w. Nashville, 843 W. 

Lanesborough, p-t., Berkshire co., Mass., 135 
w. by N. Boston, 382 W. It is situated on 2 
gently swelling hills, with a fertile interveninc 
valley. The soil is fertile, and adapted to graz 
ing. Drained by head branches of Hoosick and 
Housatonic rivers. Incorporated in 1765. The 
V. lies principally on 1 extended street, and con- 
tains 3 churches — 1 Congregational, 1 Baptist, 
and 1 Episcopal. There are in the t., 2 stores, 
cap. $4,000 ; 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $6,900. 2 acad. 45 students, 6 sch. 160 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,140. 

Lanesborougii, p-o., Susquehanna co., Pa., 
190 N. N. E. Harrisburg, 290 W. 

Lanesborough, p-v., Anson co., N. C, 155 s. 
W.Raleigh, 424 W. 

Lane's Creeic, p-o., Anson co., N. C, 158 s. 
w. Raleigh, 427 W. 

Lanesville, p-v., Harrison co., la., 135 s. 
Indianapolis, 614 W. It contains a Methodist 
church, 2 stores, and about 75 inhabitants. 

Lanesvii.le, p-v., Randolph co., N. C, 60 w. 
Raleigh, 341 W. 

Langdon, p-t., Sullivan co., N. IL, 59 w. by s. 
Concord, 456 W. Watered through the centre 
by a branch of Cold r., which runs on its s. 
border. Incorporated in 1787. It has 1 store, 
cap. $3,000; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 4 saw ra. 
Cap. in maiiufac. $3,298. 12 sch. 215 scholars 
Pop. 615. 



333 LAP 

Langhorne's Tavern, p-o., Cumberland co., 
Va., 57 w. Richmond, 147 vV. 

Langsbury, p-o., Shiawassee co., Mich., 93 N. 
w. Detroit, 596 W. 

Langsbury, p-o., Camden co., Ga., 257 s. E. 
by s. Milledgeville, 766 W. 

Langsto.\, p-o., Jackson co., Ala., 165 n. e. by 
N. Tuscaloosa, 683 W. 

Languille, p-t., St. Francis co.. Ark., 132 e. 
by N. Little Rock, 977 W. Situated on the E. 
side of Languille r. Pop. 195. 

Lanier, p-v., capital of Macon co., Ga., 76 s. 
vv. Milledgeville, 732 W. Situated on the w 
side of Flint r. It contains a court house and 
several dwellings. 

Lannahassie, p-o., Stewart co., G!a., 118 s. w. 
Milledgeville, 774 W. 

Lansford, p-v., Chester dist., S. C, 64 n 
Columbia, 443 W. Situated on the w. side of 
Catawba r. 

Lansing, t., Tompkins co., N. Y., 175 w. Al- 
bany, 300 W. The siu-face is hilly : soil, a fer- 
tile gravelly loam. Drained by Salmon cr. and 
its tributaries. It has 8 stores, cap. $48,750 ; 1 
furnace, 3 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 3 
flouring m., 3 grist m., 11 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. 
in manufac. $51,300. 24 sch. 1,307 scholars. Pop. 
3,672. 

Lansingburg, p-t., Rensselaer co., N. Y., 10 
N. E. Albany, 380 W. The surface is level on 
Hudson r., wliich bounds it on the w., and hilly 
on the E. ; soil, gravelly and clay loam. The v. 
is situated on the e. side of Hudson r., at tlie head 
of sloop navigation, and is regularly laid out on 
a plain, 2 miles long and half a mile wide. In- 
corporated in 1787. It contains 7 churclies — 2 
Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, 2 Methodist, 
and 1 Universalist — 9 drygoods, 8 produce, and 
20 grocery stores, 1 copper and iron foundry, 2 
oil floor-cloth fac, 3 brush fac, 1 plaster ni., 1 
flouring m., 2 gun and rifle fac, 6 malt houses, 2 
printing oflices, an academy, 450 dwellings, and 
3,000 inhabitants. Several sloops and t<j\vboats 
are employed in the river trade. The state dam, 
1,100 feet long and 9 feet high, with a lock be- 
tween this and Troy, enables sloops to ci)me to 
this place, and forms a spacious basin. A bridge 
across the Hudson connects it with Waterlbrd. 
There are in the t. 47 stores, cap. $240,100 ; 1 tan- 
nery, 1 brewery, 2 printing offices,! weekly news- 
paper, 1 grist m. Cap. in manulac. $204,700 ; 1 
acad. 100 students, 9 sch. 547 scholars. Pop. 3,330. 

Lansingville, p-v., Lansing t., Tompkins co., 
N. Y., 175 w. Albany, 308 W. It contains 1 
Presbyterian church, 1 store, 25 dwellings, and 
about 150 inhabitants. 

Lapeer, county, Mich. Situated toward the 
N. E. part of the settled portion of the state, and 
contains 828 sq. ms. Drained by Flint r. and 
branches. Belle r., and fllill cr. The surface is 
luidulating ; soil, fertile. Capital, Lapeer. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 3,813, sheep 1,197, swine 
6,207 ; wheat 35,472 bush, produced, Iml. corn 
19,801, buckwheat 2,065, bariey 3,922, oats 26,009, 
potatoes 36,351, sugar 66,535 pounds; 6 stores, 
cap. $10,300; 4 tanneries, 2 printing ofllce-s, 2 
weekly newspapers, 4 grist m., 14 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $45,800. 1 acad. 20 students, 23 
sch. 570 scholars. Pop. 4,265. 

Lapeer, p-t., capital of Lapeer co., Mich., 61 
N. Detroit, 584 W. Situated at the confluence of 
Flint r. and Farmer's cr. It contains a court 
house, jail, 6 stores, 2 flouring m., and 1 saw m. 
It has good water power in the ^^cinity. There 
are in the t. 2 tanneries, 2 printing offices, 2 week- 
ly newspapers, 3 saw m. Cap. in nianuiac. $ 10,600. 
5 sch. 108 scholars. Pop. '746. 



LAU 



834 



LAU 



Lapland, p-v., Buncombe co., N. C, 275 w. 
Raleigh, 478 W. 

La Porte, county, la. Situated toward the 
N. w. part of the state, and contains 460 sq. ms. 
Lake Michigan lies on its n. w. border, on which 
is situated Michigan city. The surface is undu- 
lating, abounding with prairies, interspersed with 
groves of timber, and the soil productive. Drain- 
ed by Kankakee, Little Kankakee, and Gallien 
rivers, and Trail cr. Capital, La Porte. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 9,0C5, sheep 4,849, swine 
19,104; wheat 221,461 bush, produced, Indian 
corn 270,742, buckwheat 6,439, barley 7,545, oats 
166,994, potatoes 77,594, sugar 56,964 pounds ; 6 
commission houses, cap. $180,000 ; 34 stores, cap. 
$115,700; 2 taimeries, 4 distilleries, I pottery, 2 
flouring m., 1 1 grist m., 25 saw m., 3 printing of- 
fices, 3 weekly newspapers. Cap. in raanufac. 
$133,763. 2 acad. 195 students, 26 sch 642 schol- 
ars. Pop. 8,184. 

La Porte, p-o., Lorain co., O., 119 n. n. k. 
Columbus, 371 W. 

La Porte, p-v., capital of La Porte co., la., 
145 N. by w. Indianapolis, 660 W. Situated in 
Ihe vicinity of several beautiful lakes. It con- 
tains the court house and several dwellings. 

Laputa, p-v., Shelby co., Ky., 10 w. Frank- 
fort, 552 W. Situated on a small branch of Ken- 
tucky r. 

Larkin's Fork, p-c., Jackson co., Ala., 187 n. 
E. by N. Tuscaloosa, 688 W. 

Larkinsville, p-v., Jackson cx)., Ala., 175 n. 
E. by N. Tuscaloosa, 700 W. Situated at the Blue 
Springs, near the sources of the Santa cr. 

Larned'.s Corners, p-o., Hopewell t., Ontario 
CO., N. Y., 200 w. Albany, 346 W. 

La Sallk, county, HI. Situated toward the 
N. E. part of tlie state, and contains 1,864 sq. ms. 
Watered by Illinois, Fox, and Vermilion rivers 
and their branches, which afford good water pow- 
er. Organized in 1831. The surface is exten- 
sively an undulating dry prairie, and the soil is 
fertile. The Illinois and Michigan canal passes 
through the co. Capital, Ottawa. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 7,506, sheep 2,316, swine 
11,950; wheat 112,843 bush, produced, Ind. corn 
151,16.5, oats 141,595, potatoes 49,284; 43 stores, 
cap. $103,550; 1 tannery, 1 pottery, 6 grist m., 
24 saw m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspa- 
pers. Cap. in manufac. $67,125. 27 sch. 118 
scholars. Pop. 9,348. 

La Salle, p-t, Monroe co., Mich., 42 s. s. w. 
Detroit, 481 W. The soil is fertile, and well 
ndapted to grain. It has 3 sch. 107 scholars. Pop. 
m5. 

La Salle, p-v.. La Salle co.. 111., 133 n. n. e. 
Springfield, 788 W. Situated in a prairie adjoin- 
ing Peoria lake, and contains over 100 dwellings. 

Las Casas, p-o., Rutherford co., Tenn., 43 s. e. 
Nashville, 662 W. 

Lassellville, p-o., Euphrata t., Fulton co., 
N. Y., 58 N. w. Albany, 408 W. 

Latimer's Store, p-o., De Kalb co., Ga., 80 
N. w. by w. Milledgeville, 667 W. 

Latimore, t., Adams co.. Pa., 15 n. e. Gettys- 
burg. The surface is level ; soil, red shale. 
Watered by Bermudian cr. and its tributaries. 
York Sulphur Springs lie 2 ms. s. of the v. It 
has 1 store, cap. $1,000 ; 1 fulling m., 2 woollen 
fac, 1 distillery, 1 pottery, 4 grist m., 6 saw m., 
2 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $7,750. 6 sch. 200 
scholars. Pop. 1,013. 

Latta's, p-o., Ross CO., O., 63 s. Columbia, 
418 W. 

Lauderdale, coimty, Ala. Situated in the 
N. w. part of the slate, and contains 672 sq. ms. 
Tennessee r. runs on its s. border, and receives 



Blackwater, Shoal, Cypress, Second, and other 
creeks. The surface is broken ; soil, very fer- 
tile. A canal extends around the Muscle Shoals, 
in Tennessee r., in this co. Capital, Florence. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 13,515, sheep 
10,486, swine 44,281; wheat 46,303 bush, pro- 
duced, rye 2,613, Ind. corn 741,073, oats 107,345, 
potatoes 18,524, tobacco 16,467 pounds, cotton 
3,051,192, sugar 1,367; 35 stores, cap. $232,700 ; 
1 commercial and 2 com. houses, cap. $28,000 ; 

1 cotton fac. 288 sp., 6 tanneries, 15 distilleries, 
5 flouring m., 43 grist m., 21 saw m., 2 printing 
offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. 
$99,295. 2 acad. 85 students, 17 sch. 456 schol- 
ars. Pop. wWtes 9,447, slaves 4,969, free col'd 
69 ; total, 14,485. 

Lauderdale, coimty. Miss. Situated in the 
E. part of the state, and contains 700 sq. ms. 
Drained by Oktibbeha r. and its branches. Cap- 
ital, Marion. There were in 1840, cotton 20,000 
pounds produced ; 1 tannery, 10 grist m., 12 saw 
m. Pop. whites 3,992, slaves 1,353, free col'd 
13 ; total, 5,358. 

Lauderdale, county, Tenn. Situated in the 
w. part of the state, and contains 375 sq. ms. 
Mississippi r. runs on its w. border. Watered 
by Forked Deer r. in the n. part, and Big Hatchee 
r. on the s. and Coal cr. The soil is very fertile. 
Capital, Ripley. There were in 1840, neat cat- 
tle 4,687, sheep 802, swine 13,670 ; wheat 5,756 
bush, produced, Ind. mm 170,985, oats 8,779, po- 
tatoes 15,515, rice 2,127 pounds, tobacco 45,353, 
cotton 253,595 ; 3 stores, cap. $9,000 ; 1 tannery, 
3 distilleries, 14 grist m., 4 saw ra. Cap. m man- 
ufac. $6,832. 7 sch. 124 scholars. Pop. w^hites 
2,423, slaves 1,010, free col'd 2 ; total, 3,435. 

Laughery, t.. Dearborn co., la. It has 9 
stores, cap. $14,820; 1 flourhig m., 1 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $7,495. 1 acad. 30 students, 4 
sch. 125 scholars. Pop. 1,501. 

Laughery, p-v., Ripley co., la., 69 s. E. In- 
dianapolis, 532 W. It is situated on the w. side 
of a creek of the same name. 

Laughlintown, p-v., Ligonier t., Westmore- 
land CO., Pa., 140 w. Harrisburg, 172 W. It 
contains 3 stores and about 50 dwellings. 

Laurel, county, Ky. Situated toward the s. 
E. part of the state, and contains 400 sq. ms. 
Rockcastle cr., a branch of Cumberland r., rims 
on its w. border. Watered by South Fork, Lit- 
tle Rockcastle, and Laurel creeks. Capital, 
London. There were in 1840, neat cattle 3,061, 
sheep 3,623, swine 11,174; wheat 1,084 bush, 
produced, Ind. corn 90,900, oats 28,335, potatoes 
5,600, tobacco 4,106 pounds ; 7 stores, cap. $7,200 ; 

2 tanneries, 13 grist ra., 6 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $1,600. 7 sch. 188 scholars. Pop. whites 

2,694, slaves 109, free col'd 6 ; total, 3,079. 

Laurel, p-v., Sussex co., Del., 52 s. Dover, 
129 W. 

Laurel, p-o., Washington co., Va., 296 w. by 
s. Richmond. 

Laurel, p-v., Franklin co., la., 57 e. s. e. In- 
dianapolis, 531 W. Situated on the w. side of 
the w. branch of Whitewater r. The Whitewa- 
ter canal passes through it. 

Laurel Creek, p-o., Fayette co., Tenn., 190 
w. s. w. Nashville, 879 W. 

Laurel Factory, p-o.. Prince George's co., 
Md. 

Laurel Gap, p-o., Greene co., Tenn., 255 e. 
Nashville, 431 "W 

Laurel Grove, p-o., Pittsylvania co., Va., 149 
w. s. w. Richmond, 236 W. 

Laurel Mountains, w. of the main Allegha- 
ny range, extend from Pa. acro^^s Va. to Ky., and 
then, under the name of (^'umberland mountauis, 



LAW 



335 



LAW 



divide Va. and Ky., and cross Tenn., terminating 
near its s. border. 

Lahrel Hill, p-o., Somerset co., Pa., 139 w. 
by s. Harrisburg, 165 W. 

L.\UREL Hill, p-o., Lunenburg co., Va., 80 s. 
w. Richmond, 199 W. 

Laurel Hill, p-o., Richmond co., N. C, 99 s. 
w. Richmond, 387 W. 

Laurel Hill, p-o., Carroll co., Ga., 133 w. n. 
w. Milledgeville, 729 W. 

Laurel Hill, p-o., Marengo co., Ala., 92 s. 
by w. Tuscaloosa, 904 W. 

Laurel Hill, p-o.. West Feliciana par., La., 
151 N. w. New Orleans, 1,155 W. 

Laurel Spring, p-o., Ashe co., N. C, 202 w. 
by N. Raleigh, 374 W. 

Laurens District, S. C. Situated toward 
the N. w. part of the state, and contains 920 sq. 
ms. Ennoree river runs on its n. e. border, and 
Saluda river on its s. w. border, by which, and 
their branches, it is drained. Capital, Laurens- 
ville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 20,475, 
sheep 13,289, swine 47,222; wheat 186,296 bush, 
produced, Ind. com 829,473, oats 175,436, potatoes 
30,676, tobacco 19,825 pounds, cotton 5,910,363 ; 
28 stores, cap. $116,209; 2 woollen fac, 10 tan- 
neries, 64 dislillerii;s, 20 flouring m., 41 grist m., 
34 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $158,256. 6 acad. 
206 students, 44 sch. 905 scholars. Pop. whiles 
12,572, slaves 8,911, free col'd 101 ; total, 21,584. 

Laure.ns, county, Ga. Situated a little s. e. 
of the centre of the state, and contains 780 sq. 
ms. Watered by Oconee r. and its branches. 
Capital, Dublin. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
16,046, sheep 3,247, swine 17,355 ; wheat 9,048 
bush, produced, Ind. corn 146,849, oats 4,068, po- 
tatoes 10,745, cotton 915,392 pounds; 11 stores, 
cap. $59,009 ; 2 distilleries, 16 grist m., 6 saw m. 
3 acad. 80 students, 2 sch. 33 scholars. Pop. 
whites 3,078, slaves 2,502, free colored 5 ; total, 
5,585. 

Laurens, p-t., Otsego co., N. Y., 15 s. w. Coop- 
erstown, 83 w. Albany, 358 W. The surface is 
elevated and hilly ; soil, a fertile sandy loam, 
well cultivated. Drained by Otego cr. The v., 
called Laurensville, is situated on Otego cr., and 
contains 2 churches, 7 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw 
m., 1 leather fac, 1 clothier's works, 1 iron foun- 
dry, 70 dwellings, and about 400 inhabitants. 
The I. has 6 stores, cap. $16,500; 1 furnace, 3 
fulling m., 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 3 grist ra., 9 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $29,725. 16 sch. 540 
scholars. Fop. 2,173. 

Laurens, C. H., p-v., capital of Laurens dist., 
S. C, 70 n. w. by w. Columbia, 496 W. Situ 
ated on the dividing ridge of Ennoree and Saluda 
river.s, and contains a court house, jail, 3 cliurch 
es, 2 acad. 9 stores, and 563 inliabitants. 

Laurens Hill, p-o., Laurens co., Ga., 63 s. e 
Milledgeville, 706 W. 

Lausanne, p-t., Northampton co., Pa., 100 e. 
N. E. Harrisburg, 208 W. The surface is very 
mountainous ; soil, gravelly, and barren. Wa- 
tered by Lehigh r. and Laurel run. The moun- 
tains contain coal, and the Beaver Jleadow mine 
is m Spring mountain, in this t. It has 5 stores, 
cap. $18,000; 2 lumber yards, cap. $6,000 ; 5 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $iO,000. 5 sch. 159 scliol- 
ars. Pop. 1,590. 

Lavinsville, p-o., Somerset co.. Pa., 144 w. 
by s. Harrisburg, 170 W. 

Lawrence, county, Ala. Situated in the n. 
part of the state, and contains 725 sq. ms. Ten- 
nessee r. runs on its n. border. Watered by Big 
Nance and Towai creeks and their branches, and 
on the s. by tlie head waters of Black Warrior r. 
Capital, Moulton. There were in 1840, neat cat- 



tle 14,895, sheep 7,674, swine 49,781 ; wheal 
30,978 bush, produced, Indian corn 1,31 9,800, oats 
38,414, potatoes 16,913, tobacco 8,758 pounds, 
cotton 6,187,960; 7 stores, cap. $72,400 ; 17 tan- 
neries, 6 distilleries, 4 flouring m., 14 grist m., 9 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $25,890. 1 acad. 25 
students, 20 sch. 600 scholars. Pop. whites 
7,143, slaves 6,145, free col'd 25 ; total, 13,313. 

Lawrence, county. Miss. Situated toward 
the s. part of the state, and contauis 790 sq. ms. 
Drauied by Pearl r. and its branches, and tlie 
liead waters of Homochitto r. The soil is various, 
and has a growth of pine. Capital, Monticello. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 11,347, sheen 
3,046, swine 22,396 ; wheat 3,329 bush, produced, 
Ind. corn 216,554, oats 6,736, potatoes 35,657, rice 
50,384 pounds, cotton 1,653,529; 7 stores, cap. 
$33,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 10 grist m., 12 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $33,970. 1 acad. 30 
students, 5 sch. 118 scholars. Pop. wliites 3,618, 
slaves 2,272 ; total, 5,920. 

Lawrence, county, Tenn. Situated in the s. 
part of the state, anci contains 780 square miles. 
Drained by Shoal cr. and its branches, and the 
branches of Sugar cr. and Buffalo r. Capital, 
Lawrenceboro'. There were in 1840, neat cat- 
tle 7,344, sheep 6,103, swine 23,025 ; wheat 25,976 
bush, produced, Indian corn 316,305, oats 37,225, 
potatoes 8,210, tobacco 9,447 pounds, cotton 
12,443 ; 9 stores, cap. $35,900 ; 7 furnaces, 4 cot- 
ton fac. 1,180 sp., 4 tanneries, 17 distilleries, 4 
flouring m., 16 grist m., 7 saw m. 10 sch. 312 
scholars. Pop. whites 6,370, slaves 735, free 
col'd 16; total, 7,121. 

Lawrence, county, Ky. Situated in the e. 
part of the state, and contains 650 sq. ms. Big 
Sandy r. runs on its e. border, and Licking r. on 
its s. w. border. Drained by Little Sandy r. and 
its branches, and by Blanes cr., which afford ex- 
tensive water power. Soil, fertile. Capital, Lou- 
isa. There were in 1840, neat cattle 13,836, 
sheep 6,821, swine 15,851 ; wheat 5.496 bushels 
produced, rye 2,092, Indian com 141,896, oats 
39,453, potatoes 6,006 ; 6 stores, cap. $24,800 ; 1 
tannery, 2 distilleries, 1 flouring ra., 1 grist m., 2 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $11,750. 8 sch. 176 
scholars. Pop. whites 4,652, slaves 77, free col'd 
1; total, 4,730. 

Lawrence, county, O. Situated in the ex- 
treme s. part of the state, and contains 430 square 
ms. The Ohio r. runs on its s. border, 42 miles. 
Drained by Indian, Guyandot, and Symme's crs. 
The surface is hilly, and the soil various. Iron 
ore and stone coal are abundant, and an excel- 
lent clay for stone ware is found. The manufac- 
ture of iron, particularly iron castings, is exten- 
sive. Capital, Burlington. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 13,456, sheep 18,367, swine 12,852 ; 
wheat 31,953 bush, produced, Ind. corn 263,300, 
oats 74,404, potatoes 5,334, sugar 5,385 poiuids ; 
24 stores, cap. $48,550 ; 10 furnaces, 1 forge, 6 
tanneries, 2 potteries, 1 flouring m., 12 grist m., 
14 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $52,710. 56 sch. 
1,610 scholars. Pop. 9,738. 

Lawrence, county, la. Centrally situated 
toward tlie s. part of the state, and contains 438 
sq. ms. Watered by While r., Salt, Gutluie's, 
Beaver, and Lealherwood creeks, which afford 
good water power. The surface is generally 
hilly. Capital, Bedford. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 12,643, sheep 16,991, swine 31,800 ; 
wheat 75,610 bush, produced, Ind. corn 551,705, 
oats 196,453, potatoes 12,500, tobacco 11,523 
pounds, sugar 43,937 ; 27 stores, cap. $136,300 ; 
1 fullmg m., 3 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 140 sp., 
8 tanneries, 1 1 distilleries, 1 pottery, 6 flouring 
m., 32 grist m., 14 saw ra. Cap. m manufac. 



LAW 



3.% 



LAW 



SI 11,228. 3 acad. 51 students, 32 schools 1,232 
scholars. Pop. 11,782. 

Lawrence, county. 111. Situated toward the 
s. E. part of the state, and contains 5G0 sq. miles. 
Organized in 1821. Wabash r. runs on its e. 
border, and Fox r. on its w. border. Watered by 
Embarrass r. and Racoon cr. The banks of the 
streams are subject to inundation. The land is 
equally divided into timber and prairie ; some 
of it is indifferent, and some of it excellent. Cap- 
ital, Lawreaceville. There were in 1810, neat 
cattle 11,691, sheep 5,794, swine 18,180; wlieat 
32,837 bush, produced, Indian corn 422,747, oats 
73,948, potatoes 10,177 ; 16 stores, cap. $72,900 ; 

1 pottery, 1 flouring m., 7 grist m., 6 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $34,765. 16 sch. 533 scholars. 
Pop. 7,092. 

Lawrence, county. Ark. Situated toward 
the N. E. part of the state, and contains 1,300 sq. 
ms. Watered by Big Black, Current, and Straw- 
berry rs. The surface is various — level to the 
E., and in other parts moderately uneven. Cap- 
ital, Jackson. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
6,793, sheep 2,373, swine 17,208; wheat 11,836 
bush, produced, Indian com 161,355, oats 9,248, 
potatoes 7,058, tobacco 9,100 pounds, cotton 
13,974; 6 stores, cap. $22,300; 2 tanneries, 8 
distilleries, 8 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $2,100. 5 sch. 115 scholars. Pop. whites 
2,562, slaves 267, free col'd 6 ; total, 2,835. 

Lawrence, t., St. Lawrence co., N. Y., 25 n. e. 
Canton, 230 n. n. w. Albany. The surface is un- 
even ; soil, a fertile clay loam. Drained by St. 
Regis and Deer rivers. It has 7 stores, cap. 
$14,800 ; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 

2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,900. 
13 sch. 564 scholars. Pop. 1,845. 

Lawrence, t., Mercer co., N. J., 6 n. e. Tren- 
ton. The surface is rolling ; soil, loam and clay, 
well cultivated. Drained by Assunpink cr. and 
Stony brook. It has 2 stores, cap. $10,000; 2 
tanneries, 3 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$14,000. 1 acad. 49 students. 2 sch. 92 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,556. 

Lawrence, t., Tioga co.. Pa., 20 n. e. Wells- 
borough. The surface is hilly and broken ; soil, 
gravel and clay. Watered by Tioga r. It con- 
tains Lavvrencevillc v., vvliich was incorporated 
in 1831. It has 5 stores, cap. $16,600; 1 tannery, 
1 flouring m., 3 grist m., 10 saw m. Capital in 
manufac. $7,050. 5 sch. 209 scholars. Pop. 888. 

Lawrence, p-t., Washmgton co., O., 9 n. e. 
Marietta, 114 e. s. e. Columbus, 305 W. Situ- 
ated on Little Muskuigum r., which affords water 
power. The surface is hilly and broken. Iron 
ore, stone coal, salt springs, and Seneca oil, are 
found. Pop. 571. 

Lawrence, t., LawTcnce co., O., 9 n. Burling- 
ton. It has 3 sch. 50 scholars. Pop. 425. 

Lawrence, t.. Stark co., O. Situated on 
both sides of the Ohio canal. It has 6 sch. 150 
scholars. Pop. 2,043. 

Lawrence, t., Tuscarawas co., O., contains 
the villages of Lawrenceville, Zoar, and Bolivar. 
It lias 6 stores, cap. $12,600; 6 com. houses, cap. 
$17,500 ; 2 fmnaces, 3 tanneries, 1 brewery, 1 
pottery, 1 flourhig m., 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 oil 
m. Cap. in manufac. $36,200. 7 sch. 539 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,523. 

Lawrence, t., Marion co., la. It has 9 stores, 
cap. $14,800; 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $22,050. 2 sch. 36 scholars. 
Pop. 1,437. 

Lawrence, t. Van Buren co., Mich. It has 
1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,000. 

3 sch. 55 scliolars. Pop. 243. 
LawrenceburG; p-v., Perry t., Armstrong co., 



Pa., 200 w. N. w. Harrisburg, 266 W. Situated 
on the w. bank of Alleghany r. It contains 1 
church, 3 stores, and 25 or 30 dwellings. 

Lawrenceburg, p-v., capital of Lawrence co., 
Tenn., 75 s. s. w. Nashville, 752 W. Situated 
on tlie E. side of Shoal cr. It contains a court 
house, a Methodist church, 2 academies, and 350 
inhabitants. 

Lawrenceburg, p-v., capital of Anderson co., 
Ky., 12 s. Frankfort, 554 W. Situated on the w. 
side of Kentucky r., and contains a court house, 
and several stores and dwellings. 

Lawrenceburg, p-v., capital of Dearborn co., 
la., 86 s. e. Indianapoli.s, 514 W. Situated on 
the N. bank of the Ohio r., 1 mile below the en- 
trance of the Great Miami r., and at the entrance 
of tiie Wliitewater canal into the Ohio r. 

Lawrenceville, p-v., Lawrence t., St. Law- 
rence CO., N. Y., 231 N. N. w. Albany, 513 W. 

Lawrenceville, p-v., Lawrence t., Mercer 
CO., N. J., 6 n. by e. Trenton, 172 W. Situated on 
a fertile plain, and contains 1 Presbyterian 
church, 1 store, and a flourishing academy. 

Lawrenceville, p-v., Lawrence t., Tioga 
CO., Pa., 158 n. by w. Harrisburg, 268 W. The 
surface of the t. is hilly and broken ; soil, gi-avcl 
and chiy. Drained by Tioga r. and its branches. 
The borough was incorporated in 1831. 

Lawrenceville, borough, Pitt t., Alleghany 
CO., Pa. Situated on Alleghany r., 24 ms. above 
Pittsburg. Opposite to it is Wainwright's island, 
on which Washington was cast away on his first 
visit to the site of Pittsburg. It contains many 
elegant villas. It lias 3 cliurches — 1 Presbyteri- 
an, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Metliodist — an academy, 
and 867 inhabitants. The Alleghany IT. S. 
Arsenal is located here, where arms and military 
equipments are manufactured and stored, to be 
sent to the southern and western military posts. 
It is an extensive and important establishment. 

Lawrenceville, p-v., capital of Brunswick 
CO., Va., 73 s. s. w. Richmond^ 189 W. Situated 
on a branch of Melierrin r., and contauis a hand- 
some court house, jail, clerk's office, an elegant 
Masonic hall, 1 Episcopal church, 4 stores, 2 tan- 
neries, 30 dwellings, and about 350 inhabitants. 

Lawrenceville, p-v., capital of Montgomery 
CO., N. C, 115 w. s. w. Raleigh, 389 W. Situa- 
ted on the E. side of Yadkin r. 

Lawrenceville, p-v., capital of Gwinnett co., 
Ga., 81 N. w. Millcdgeville, 655 W. Situated 8 
ms. s. E. of Chattahoochee r., near tlio head 
branches of Yellow r., and contains a court liousc, 
jail, 1 Methodist church, with 1 Presbyterian and 
1 Baptist in the vicinity, an academy, with a 
neat edifice, 10 stores, and about 50 dwellings. 

Lawrenceville, p-v., capital of Lawrence 
CO., 111., 159 s. E. by e. Springfield, 697 W. Situ- 
ated on the w. bank of Embarrass r., and contains 
a brick court house, 5 stores, 1 grist m., and 
about 70 dwellings. 

Lawrenceville, p-v., capital of Monroe co., 
Ark., 75 E. Little Rock, 1,015 W. Situated on 
a small stream, 5 ms. e. of White r. It contains 
a court house and a few' dwellings. 

Lawson's Store, p-o., Rockingham co., N. 
C, 102 N. w. Raleigh, 278 W. 

Lawsonville, p-o., Hardin co., Ky., 97 s. w. 
Frankfort, 639 W. 

Lawsville Centre, p-o., Lawsville t., Sus- 
quehanna CO., Pa., 187 N. N. E. Harrisburg, 297 
W. The t. is watered by Snake cr., on a branch 
of w hich is a salt spring. The surface is hilly ; 
.soil, clay and gravel. 

Lawtonville, p-v., Beaufort dist., S. C, 121 
s. Columbus, 627 W. 

Lawyeksville, p-v., Coblcsldll t., Schoharie 



LEB 



837 



LEB 



CO., N. Y., 44 w. Albany, 388 W. It contains 1 
Dutch Reformed and 1 Universalist church, 4 
stores, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., and 1 carding and 
cloth dressing works. 

Laynesville, p-o., Floyd co., Ky., 163 e. s. e. 
Frankfort, 449 W. 

Leacock, pt., Lancaster co.. Pa., 44 e. s. e. 
Harrisburg, 118 W. The surface is level; soil, 
calcareous loam and clay. Pecquea cr. runs on 
its s. E. border, and Conestoga r. on its w. Wa- 
tered by Mill cr. It has 6 stores, cap. $37,000 ; 
1 woollen fac, 3 distilleries, 2 potteries, 3 flour- 
ing m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $14,540. 9 
sch. 257 scholars. Pop. .3,537. 

Leading Creek, p-c, Lewis co., Va., 301 w. 
N. w. Richmond, 269 W. The cr. is a small tri- 
butary of Little Kanawha r., and on its waters 
and tributaries are 1 Methodist, and 1 Baptist 
church, 40 dwellings, and 240 iniiabitants. 

Leaf River, p-o., Greene co., Miss. Situated 
on the N. e. side of Leaf r., a w. branch of Pas- 
cagoula r. 

Leake, county. Miss. Situated near the centre 
of the state, and contains 576 sq. ms. Watered 
by Pearl r. and its branches. Capital, Carthage. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,570, sheep 261, 
swine 10.251 ; wheat 1,077 bush, produced, Ind. 
corn 67,670, oats 2,163, potatoes 21,573, tobacco 
2,059 pounds, cotton 575,0S7 ; 6 stores, cap. 
$8,100 ; 5 grist m., 4 saw m., 4 sch. 69 scholars. 
Pop. whites 1,614, slaves 542, free col'd 6 ; total, 
3,163. 

Leake.sville, p-v., Rockingham co., N. C.,^ 
134 N. w. Raleigh, 283 W. Situated on the n.' 
side of Dan r. 

Leakesville, p-v., Newton co., Ga., 49 n. w. 
Milledgeville, 656 W. 

Leakesville, pv., capital of Greene co., 
Miss., 190 s. e. Jackson, 1,022 W. Situated on 
the w. side of Chickasawha r. It contains a 
court house, and several dwellings. 

LeamaiNsville, p-o., Seneca co., O., 97 n. Co- 
lumbus, 415 W. 

Leasburg, p-v., Caswell co., N. C, 64 n. w. 
Raleigh, 260 W. 

Leatherwood, p-o.. Clarion co.. Pa., 195 w. 
N. w. Harrisburg, 25S W. 

Leatherwood, p-o., Guernsey co., O., 109 e. 
Columbus, 313 W. 

Leatherwood, p-o., Lawrence co., la., 70 w. 
s. w. Indianapolis, 617 W. 

Leatherwood's Store, p-o., Henry co., Va., 
192 w. s. w. Richmond, 275 W. 

Leavitt, p-o., Carroll co., O., 130 e. n. e. Co- 
lumbus, 304 W. 

Leavenworth, p-v., Crawford co., la., 124 s. 
by w. Indianapolis, 637 W. Situated on n. side 
of the Ohio r., 2 ms. below the entrance of 
Great Blue r. It contains 7 stores, a Methodist 
church, an academy, and 150 inhabitants. 

Lebanon, county. Pa. Situated toward the s. 
E. part of the state, and contains 348 sq. ms. 
Drained by Swatara cr. and its branches. The 
surface is gently uneven ; soil, very fertile. The 
Union canal passes through it. Large quanti- 
ties of cast and wrought iron are produced. 
Capital, Lebanon. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 14,781, sheep 10,977, swine 13,780; wheat 
215,42S bush, produced, rye 147,251, Ind. corn 
239,031, oats 232,601, potatoes 101,633 ; 58 stores, 
cap. $241,900; 7 lumber yards, cap. $31,500; 4 
fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 3 furnaces, 3 forges, 22 
taimeries, 12 distilleries, 2 breweries, 5 potteries, 
1 paper fac, 4 printing offices, 3 weekly and 1 pe- 
riodical newspapers, 37 grist m., 24 saw m., 1 oil 
m. Cap. in manufac. §190,087. 4 acad. 154 
students, 36 sch. 337 scholars. Pop. 21,872 
43 



Lebanon, p t., York co.. Me., 88 s. w. Augus- 
ta, 510 W. Salmon Falls r. runs on its w. bor- 
der, dividing it from N. H. Drained by branches 
of Salmon Falls r., one of whicii i.ssiies from a 
pond in its n. e. part. It has G stores, cap. 
$4,700 ; 1 tannery, 1 printing office, 1 weekly 
paper, 4 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$3,300. 30 sch. 921 scholars. Pop. 2,273. 

Lebanon, p-t., Grafton co., N. H., 4 s. Hano- 
ver, 50 N. vv. Concord, 484 W. Connecticut r. 
runs on its w. border. Watered by Masconey r., 
which affords water power. Chartered in 1761. 
The land on the rivers is excellent. The v. is 
situated on the Masconey r., where are falls. 
A canal here passes round the falls in Connecti- 
cut r. A bridge across the Connecticut connects 
this t. with Hartford, Vt. It has 9 stores, cap. 
$27,000 ; 1 fulling m , 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 

3 grist m., 10 s^avv m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. 
$36,095. 1 acad. 100 students, 16 sch. 691 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,754. 

Lebanon, p-t., Ne\V London co., Ct., 31 e. s. e. 
Hartford, 352 W. The surface is gently uneven ; 
soil, a deep rich mold, of a chocolate color, par- 
ticularly adapted to grass. Watered by Yantic 
r. and its branches. The principal settlement is 
chiefly on one street, 30 rods wide and a mile in 
length. The houses arc mostly scattered, but 
many of them neat. It contains a Congregation- 
al and a Baptist church. There are other vil- 
lages and churches in the t. It has 3 stores, cap. 
$6,700; 3 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 

4 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,000. 
1 acad. 25 students, 16 sch. 516 scholars. Pop. 
2,194. 

Lebanon, p-t., Madison co., N. Y., 107 w. by 
N. Albany, 353 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, 
clay loam. Drained by Chenango r. and its 
branches. It has 1 store, cap. $1,200; 2 fulling 
m., 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 4 grist ra., 9 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $33,950. 16 sch. 641 scholars. 
Pop. 1,794. 

Lebanon, p-t., Hunterdon co., N. J., 40 n. by 
w. Trenton, 200 W. The surface is mountain- 
ous or hilly ; soil, clay and loam, fertile and well 
cultivated. Drained by Spruce run and the s. 
branch of Raritan r. It has 13 stores, cap. 
$31,400; 5 tanneries, 11 distilleries, 13 grist m., 
17 saw ra., 3 oil ra. Cap. in manufac. $12,775. 
12 sch. 355 scholars. Pop. 3,849. 

Lebanon, t., Wayne co.. Pa. The surface is 
hilly; soil, gravelly loam. Drained by tributa- 
ries of Dyberry cr. It has 4 sch. 90 scholars. 
Pop. 366. 

Lebanon, p-b., capital of Lebanon co.. Pa., 24 
e. Harrisburg, 134 W. It is situated oil the 
Union canal, and contains a large brick court 
house, county offices, a stone jail, 5 churches — 1 
Lutheran, 1 German Reformed, 1 Methodist, 
1 Roman Catholic, and 1 Menonist — 9 stores, 4 
warehouses on the canal, 1 grist ra., 1 clover m., 

3 breweries, 3 weekly newspapers, over 300 
dwellings, and about 2,500 inhabitants. The b. 
was incorporated in 1821. The t. has 17 stores, 
cap. $83,500; 3 lumber yards, cap. $11,000; 5 
tanneries, 3 distilleries, 3 breweries, 3 potteries, 

4 printing offices, 3 weekly newspapers, 1 peri- 
odical, 8 grist m. Cap. in manufac. 73,001. 1 acad. 
50 students, 11 sch. 420 scholars. Pop. 6,197. 

Lebanon, p-v., and capital of Warren co., O., 
85 w. s. w. Columbus, 469 W. It is situated in 
Turtle Creek t , between 2 branches of Turtle 
cr., a branch of Little ^liumi r., and contains a 
court house, a jail, a library, 3 churches — 1 
Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist, several 
stores, 2 iron foundries, 3 woollen fac, 1 grist 
m., 1 saw m., 2 printing offices, each of wliich 



LEE 



338 



LEE 



issues a weekly newspaper, and about 1,500 in- 
habitants. 

Lebanon, p-v., capital of Russell co., Va., 32,5 
w. by s. Richmond, 384 W. Situated on a 
branch of Clinch r. 

Lebanon, t., Meigs co., O. Situated on Ohio r. 
It has 3 stores, cap. l|)l,100 ; 2 grist m., 3 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $1,150. 4 sch. 122 scliolars. 
Pop. 621. 

Lebanon, p-v., Abbeville dist., S. C. 

Lebanon, p-v., Cobb co., Ga., 106 n. w. Mil- 
ledgeville, 662 W. Situated on the n. side of 
Chattahoochee r. 

Lebanon, p-v., capital of Marion co., Ky., 59 
s. vv. by s. Frankfort, 581 VV. Situated on a 
small branch of Salt r. It contains a court house, 
several stores, and 546 inhabitants. 

Lebanon, p-v., capital of Wilson co., Tenn., 
32 E. Nashville, 652 W. It is situated on a 
branch of Cumberland r., and contains a court 
house, jail, 2 academies, 1 male and 1 female, 
3 churches — 1 Cumberland Presbyterian. 1 Meth- 
odist, and 1 Baptist — 12 stores, 80 dwellings, and 
about 1,500 inhabitants. Tliere is a large steam 
cotton fac. in the vicinity, and a college is char- 
tered, denominated " The Southern University." 

Lebanon, p-v., capital of Boone co., la., 25 n. 
w. Indianapolis, 599 W. It contains a court house, 
and several stores and dwellings. 

Lebanon, p-v., St. Clair co.. 111., 71 s. Spring- 
field, 797 W. It has 8 stores, 2 Methodist and' 1 
Episcopal churches, 1 steam Houring m., and 
about 50 dwellings. It contains McKendree 
College, founded in 1834, which has a president, 
3 proi'essors or other instructors, and 47 students. 
Commencement is on the second Wednesday in 
October. 

Lebanon, p-v., capital of Searcy co.. Ark., 95 
N. by \v. Little Rock. It is situated on the s. 
side of the Buffalo fork of White r., and has but 
2 or 3 dwellings. 

Lebanon, p-v., capital of De Kalb co., Ala., 
112 N. e. Tuscaloosa, 675 W. Situated on n. side 
of Big Wills or. It contains a court house and 
several dwellings. 

Lebanon, p-v., Boone co.. Mo., 46 n. Jefferson 
city, 935 W. 

Lebanon, t., Cooper co., Mo. It has 2 sch. 82 
scholars. Pop. 1,009. 

Ledlies, p-o., Meigs co., O., 91 s. e. Columbus, 
352 W. 

Ledyard, p-t., New London co., Ct., 47 s. e. 
Hartford, 365 W. Organized from Groton in 
183G. The v. is on the e. side of Thames r., at 
Gales ferry, and contains about 30 dwellings. 
There are m the t., 3 stores, cap. $4,000 ; 1 tan- 
nery, 4 grist m., 3 saw m. Capital in manufac. 
$12,480. 14 schools, 523 scholars. Pop. 1,871. 

Ledyard, p-t., Cayuga co., N. Y., 171 w. Al- 
bany, 317 W. The surface is rolling ; soil, clay, 
lotun, and marl, and very productive. Cayuga 
lake bounds it on the w., into which its streams 
flow. It has 4 stores, cap. $43,400; 1 fulling m. 
1 tannery, 1 flouring m., 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $28,550. 2 acad. 91 students, 17 
sch. 570 scholars. Pop. 2,143. 

Lee, county, Va. Situated in the s. w. part of 
the state, and contains 512 sq. ms. It occupies a 
valley between Cumberland and Powell's moun- 
tains. Drained by Powell's r. and its branches. 
Capital, Jonesville. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 10,400, sheep 10,493, swine 34,205 ; wheat 
36,766 bushels produced, rye 6,498, Indian com i 
446,111, oats 102,812, potatoes 23,249, tobacco' 
23,43S pounds, sugar 3S,849; 12 stores, capital 
$16,552; 5 bloomeries, 7 tanneries, 18 distilleries, 
24 flouring m., 31 grist ra., 14 saw in., 1 oil m. 



Cap. in manufac. $30,745. 7sch. 138scholars. Pop. 
whites 7,829, slaves 580, free col'd 32 ; total, 8,441. 

Lee, county, Ga. Situated toward the s. w. 
part of the state, and contains 600 sq. ms. Wa- 
tered by Flint river and its branches. Capital, 
Starkville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
10,467, sheep 730, swine 12,072; wheat 2,153 
bush, produced, Ind. corn 105,305, oats 2,072, po- 
tatoes 7,336, cotton 1,067,140 poimds ; 7 stores, 
cap. $25,100 ; 8 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap in man- 
ufac. $6,100. 1 acad. 28 students, 7 sch. 146 scho- 
lars. Pop. wliites 2,469, slaves 2,046, free col'd 
5 ; total, 4,520. 

Lee, county, 111. Situated in the n. part of 
the state, and contains 720 sq. ms. Drained by 
Rock and Green rivers. Capital, Dixon. Tliere 
were in 1840, neat cattle 1,900, sheep 318, swine 
4,469; wheat 27,415 bush, produced, Ind. corn 
45,500, oats 28,685, potatoes 18,715 ; 8 stores, cap. 
$23,100 ; 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
12,705. 7 sch. 192 scholars. Pop. 2,035. 

Lee, county, Iowa. Situated in the s. part of 
the ter., and contains 600 sq. ms. Organized in 
1837. Des Moines r. runs on its s. w., and Skunk, 
r. on its n. e. border. Watered by Sugar, Half- 
breed, and Lost creeks. The surface is undula- 
ting ; soil, fertile. Capital, Fort Madison. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 5,654, sheep 2,124, swine 
13,890 ; wheat 21,395 bush, produced, Ind. corn 
213,714, oats 30,473, potatoes 9,641, sugar 4,363 
pounds ; 7 stores, cap. $8,980 ; 12 sch. 346 scho- 
lars. Pop. 6,093. 

, Lee, p-t., Penobscot co.. Me., about 125 n. e. 
Augusta. Watered by a branch of Mattawam- 
keag r. It has a considerable pond near the cen- 
tre of the t. It contains 8 stores, 8 sch. 284 scho- 
lars. Pop. 724. 

Lee, p-t., Strafford co., N. H., 38 e. by s. Con- 
cord, 485 W. Watered by Lamprey, Little, North, 
and Oyster rivers. It has 3 stores, cap. $2,000 ; 
1 grist m. 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,575. 7 
sch. 314 scholars. Pop. 926. 

Lee, p-t., Berkshire co., Mass., 128 w. Boston, 
368 W. Situated on tlie Housatonic r. Soil, fer- 
tile, and well adapted to agriculture. The sur- 
face is uneven, excepting on the streams. Mar- 
ble and iron ore are found here. Incorporated 
in 1777. It has 11 stores, cap. $36,650 ; 2 forges, 
1 cotton fac. 888 sp., 1 tannery, 13 paper fac., 1 
printing office, 1 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $267,525. 1 acad. 42 students, 10 sch. 603 
scholars. Pop. 2,428. 

Lee, p-l., Oneida co., N. Y., 114 w. n. w. Al- 
bany, 398 W. The surface is undulating ; soil, 
clay and sandy loam. Drained by Canada and 
Fish creeks. The v. contains 1 church, 1 store, 
25 dwcUuigs, and about 150 inhabitants. There 
are in the t., 5 stores, cap. $16,000 ; 2 furnaces, 1 
fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 4 tanneries, 1 distillery, 
1 flouring m., 2 grist m., 14 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $48,062. 25 sch. 896 scholars. Pop, 2,936. 

Lee, p-t., Atliens co., O., 81 s. e. Columbus, 
348 W. It has 2 grist in., 2 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $6,750. 2 sch. 56 scholars. Pop. 848. 

Lee, t., Calhoun co., Mich. It has 1 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $2,000. 

Leecuburg, p-o., Armstrong co.. Pa., 190 n. 
w. Harrisburg, 223 W. 

Leecmville, p-v., Beaufort dist., S. C, 165 s. 
Columbia, 351 W. 

Leeds, p-t., Kennebec co.. Me,, 21 w. by s. 
Augusta, 587 W. The soil is fertile, adapted to 
grain. The Androscoggin r. runs on its w. bor- 
der. A large pond lies in its n. e. part, the out- 
let of which flows into Androscoggin r. Incor- 
porated in 1802. It has 4 stores, cap. $850 ; 1 ful- 
ling m , 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in 



LEE 



339 



LEH 



manufac. $6,825. 1 acad. 9 students, 12 sch. 604 
scholars. Pop. 1,736. 

Leeds, p-v., Catskill t., Greene cc, JV. Y., 38 
s. s. w. Albany, 340 W. Situatedon Catskill cr., 
and contains 1 church, 2 flouring m., 1 furnace, 
30 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. 

Leeds Manou, p-o., Fauquier cc, Va., 127 n. 
by w. Richmond, 70 W. 

Leeds Point, p-v., Galloway t., Atlantic cc, 
N. J., 86 s. s. E. Trenton, 196 W. It contains a 
store and 5 or 6 dwellings. 

Leedsville, p-o., Amenia U, Dutchess co., 
N. Y., 68 s. Albany, 327 W. 

Leedsville, p-v., Monmouth co., N. J., 48 e. 
Trenton, 214 W. 

Leedsville, p-v., Randolph co., Va., 213 n. w. 
by w. Richmond, 249 W- 

Leelaxau, county, Mich. Situated on the E. 
.shore of Lake Michigan, and w. of Grand Trav- 
ver.se Bay. Principal stream Betsy's r. It has 
several large ponds, and on the lake coast, high 
sand blufl>', the most prominent of which is the 
Sleeping Bear, so called from a fancied resem- 
blance to that animal. (Unorganized.) 

Leesburg, p-v., JMaurice River t., Cumberland 
CO., N. J., 78 s. by w. Trenton, 189 W. Situated 
on the E. bank of Maurice r. It contains 1 Meth- 
odist church, 1 store, and about 20 dwellings. 
There is considerable ship building here. 

Leesuurg, p-v., capital of Loudon co., Va., 133 
N. Richmond, 34 W. Situated H m. n. of Polo- 
mac r., on an elevated plain, at the loot of Kit- 
toctan mountains, is regularly laid out, the streets 
are paved, and it is supplied with fine water, by 
an aqueduct, from a spring in the vicinity. It 
contains a neat court house, a jail, a market house, 
a hank, 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 
and 1 Blethodist — an academy, a female semina- 
ry, 24 store.s, 2 printing offices, each issuing a 
weekly newspaper, and 500 dwellings. The 
countrj' around is fertile. 

Leesburg, p-v., Washmgton co., Tenn., 278 e. 
Nashville, 417 W. Situated on the e. side of a 
small stream falling into the Nolichucky r. It 
contains 1 church and about 200 inhabitants. 

Leesburg, p-v., Harrison co., Ky., 27 n. e. 
Frankfort, 515 W. Situated on w. side of a small 
stream falling into Licking r. 

Leesburg, p-v., Fairfield t., Highland co., O., 
64 s. w. by s. Columbus, 436 W. It contains 6 
stores and about 350 inhabitants. 

Leesburg, p-v., Kosciusko co., la., 133 n. by 
E. Indianapolis, 603 W. Situated 2 ras. n. w. of 
Tippecanoe r., on the margin of a beautiful prairie. 

Lee.'^burg, p-v., Winnebago co., 111., 220 n. 
by E. Springfield, 830 W. 

Leesburg, p-v., Cherokee co., Ala., 140 n. e. 
Tuscaloosa, 6S9 W. 

Lee's Cross Roads, p-o., Cumberland co.. Pa., 
30 s. w. Harrisburg, 105 W. 

Leesville, p-v., Sharon t., Schoharie co., N. 
Y. It contains 1 Universalist church, 3 stores, 
and about 25 dwellings. 

Leesville, p-v., Campbell cc, Va., 147 w. by 
s. Richmond, 222 W. Situated at the junction 
of Stanton r. and Goose cr., and contains 2 stores, 
a tobacco fac, 1 flouring m., 1 carding machine, 
1 cotton gin, 2 tanneries, 20 dwellings, and about 
75 inhabitants. 

Leesville, p-v., Robeson co., N. C, 102 s. s. 
w. Raleigh, 390 W. 

Leesville, p-v., Lexington dist., S. C, 30 w. 
by s. Columbia, 536 W. 

Leesville, p-v.. Orange t., Carroll cc, O., 
115 e. n. e. Columbus, 301. 

Leesville, p-v.. Hart cc, Ky., 101 s. w. 
Frankfort, 643 W. 



Leesville, p-v., Lawrence co., la., 78 s. by 
w. Indianapolis, 60J W. Situated on w. side of 
Guthrie's cr. It contains 3 stores, 1 grist m., and 
about 200 inhabitants. 

Leesville, p-v., Choctaw co.. Miss., 125 n. n. 
w. Jackson, 960 W. 

Leesville Cross Roads, p-v., Sandusky t., 
Richland co., O., 74 n. by e. Columbus, 412 W. 
Leetown, p-v., .Jefferson co., Va., 177 n. by 
w. Richmond, 70 W. It contains 1 store, 1 flour- 
ing m., several dwellings, and 75 inhabitants. 
Named after Gen. Lee, of revolutionary memory, 
who resided here. 

Lee Valley, p-v., Hawkins co., Tenn., 256 
E. by N. Nashville, 449 W. 

Lehigh, r.. Pa., rises in Luzerne co., near 
Wilkesbarre, and flows 100 miles, to its en- 
trance into the Delaware r., at Easton. Along this 
r., by means of dams, locks, and canals, a naviga- 
tion is opened from Easton to V^hitehaven, in 
Northampton co., 845 ms., of which 30i consist 
of pools, 39^: of canals,- 24 of locks, and the re- 
mainder of sluices. This forms a most important 
opening to the coal region, to which railroads are 
contniued. The r., in its upper parts, is a rapid 
mountain stream, with many falls. 

Lehigh, county. Pa. Situated in the e. part 
of the state, and contains 389 sq. ms. It mostly 
occupies a valley between South and Blue or 
Kittatinny mountains. The surface and soil are 
various ; but the latter, in many parts, is excel- 
lent. Lehigh r. runs on its n. e. border, by 
which, and its tributaries, the co. is watered. 
Capital, Allentown. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 18,126, sheep 13,448, swine 3i,625, wheat 
176,468 bush, produced, rye .301,830, Ind. corn 
207.098, barley 3,018, oats 202,015, potatoes 
116,061, tobacco 4,000 pounds; 76 stores, cap. 
,$435,200 ; 6 lumber yards, cap. §20,000 ; 1 fur- 
nace, 1 forge, 2 fulling m., 6 woollen fac, 29 tan- 
neries, 119 distilleries, 3 powder m., 1 pottery, 
1 paper fac, 4 printing offices, 4 weekly news- 
papers, 4 flouring m., 62 grist m., 48 saw m., 7 
oil m. Cap. in manufac. $292,190; 1 acad. 30 
students, 56 sch. 2,293 scholars. Pop. 25,787. 

Lehigh, t., Northampton co.. Pa. It is bounded 
w. by Lehigh r. The surface is partly hilly, 
partly level ; soil, gravel and calcareous loam. 
Blue mountain lies on its n. boundary. Watered 
by Indian cr. The Lehigh Water-gap is in the 
N. w. corner of the t., where is a v. containing a 
store, and a mill for preparing hydraulic cement, 
from limestone here fouiid, and about 20 dwell- 
ings. Here is a toll-bridge over the r. It has 8 
stores, cap. $22,000 ; 1 fulling m., 2 distilleries, 6 
grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $46,000. 9 
sch. 510 scholars. Pop. 2,049. 

Lehigh Gai*, p-o., Lehigh t., Northampton co.. 
Pa., 104 e. .\'. E. Harrisburg^ 198 W. Here the 
Lehigh r. passes a gap in Blue mountain. On 
each side of the pass the mountain rises to the 
height of 1,200 feet above the bed of the river. 
The scenery is wildly grand. Jlere is the v. 
described above. 

Lehiguto.v, p-v., Penn t., Northampton co.. 
Pa., 36 w. N. w. Easton, 96 x. e. by e. Harris- 
burg, 196 W. Situated on the w. bank of Le- 
higli r., half a mile above ]\Iahoning cr. On the 
Mahoning, 100 rods from its mouth, stood the old 
Moravian v. of Gnadenhutten, where an old 
church is still standing. A bridge 214 feet long 
here crosses the Lehigh. The v. is situated on 
an elevated table land, regularly laid out, and 
with a limited but fine prospect. 

Lehman, p-t., Luzerne co.. Pa., 121 n. n. w. 
Harrisburg, 232 W. The surface is very un- 
even, but much of it may be cultivated. It con- 



LEM 



340 



LEO 



tains Lehman's lake, and its outlet, Lehman's cr. 
Harvey's, Bowman's, and Mahoopeny creeks af- 
ford extensive water power. It has 6 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $4,500. 4 sch. 164 scholars. 
Pop. 527. 

Leicester, p-t, Addison co., Vt., 73 s. s. w. 
Montpelier, 477 W. T]\e surface is uneven, and 
on the E. mountainous ; the soil, excepting on the 
mountains, is a fertile sandy loam, with some flats 
of clay. Watered by Otter creek and Leicester 
river. Lake Dunmore, 4 ms. long, and from half 
to three fourths of a mile wide, lies between this 
t. and Salisbury. Chartered in 1763, first settled 
in 1773. It has 3 sch. 6S scholars. Pop. 603. 

Leicester, p-t., Worcester co., Mass., 48 w. 
Boston, 400 W. The situation is elevated. 
Watered by branches of French and Blackstone 
rivers, which afford extensive water power. The 
surface is uneven ; soil, a fertile clay loam. It 
contains 5 churches — 1 Congregational, 1 Unita- 
rian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, and 1 Friends. At 
the central v. is a Congregationalist and a Unita- 
rian church, and one of the oldest and most re- 
spectable academies in the state, founded in 1784. 
The t. has 7 stores, cap. $9,000 ; 6 tanneries, 3 
grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $90,870. 1 
acad. 319 students, 10 sch. 5 14 scholars. Pop. 1,707. 
Leicester, t., Livingston co., N. \ ., 5 w. 
Geneseo, 232 w. Albany. The surface is in ter- 
races, descending toward Genesee r., which 
bounds it on the e. The soil is fertile. It has 3 
stores, cap. $18,700 ; 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 2 
distilleries, 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $16,365. 1 acad. 20 students, 16 sch. 758 
scholars. Pop. 2,415. 

Leigh Re.vd, county, (formerly Musquito,) 
Flor. Situated on the e. side of the peninsula, 
and contains a great extent of territory, with a 
diversity of soil and climate. It has many swamps, 
easily drained, and very fertile. Watered by St. 
John's r., Halifax r., Spruce cr., Hillsborough r., 
Indian r., St. Sebastians cr., Jupiter cr., and St. 
Lucia r. Capital, New Smyrna. Pop. 1840, 72. 
Leighton, p-o., Lawrence co., Ala., 132 n. 
Tuscaloosa, 772 W. Situated on the Tuscum- 
bia and Decatur railroad. 

Leighton's Corners, p o., Carroll co., N. II., 
55 N. by E. Concord, 530 W. 

Leiper's Fork, po., Williamson co., Tenn., 
26 s. Nashville, 703 W. 

Leipersville, p-v., Ridley t., Delaware co.. 
Pa., 97 e. s. e. Harrisburg, 124 W. It contains a 
church, 1 store, 1 saw m., 1 tannery, and about 
25 dwellings. The Leiper canal e.xtends 2 ms. 
from Delaware r., through the t., to stone quarries 
on Ridley cr. 

Leipsic, p-v., Kent co., Del. 
Leitersburg, p-v., Wasliington co., Md., 107 
N. w. Annapolis, 75 W. 

Leme.n', p-o., De Witt co.. III., 74 n. e. Spring- 
field, 729 W. 

Lemington, p-t., Essex co., Vt., 94 n. e. Mont- 
pelier, 591 W. The surface is uneven and 
mountainous, with some good intervale on the 
streams. Connecticut r. bounds it on the s. e., 
by small tributaries of which it is watered. One 
of them has a cascade of 50 feet. Chartered in 
1762. It has 2 saw m., 2 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 
124. 

Lemox, t., Butler co., O. It is a large, popu- 
lous, and wealthy t., containing several villages. 
5 Rch. 110 scholars. Pop. 2,052. 

Le.mpster, p-t., Sullivan co., N. H.,40 w. Con- 
cord, 466 W. The surface is uneven, and on the 
E. mountainous ; soil, adapted to grazing. Wa- 
tered by branches of Sugar and Cold rivers. 
Chartered in 1761. It has 2 stores, cap. $2,300 ; 



1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 3 grist m., 6 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $745. 21 sch. 319 scholars. 
Pop. 941. 

Lenawee, county, Mich. Situated in the s. 
E. part of the state, and contains 735 sq. ms. 
Watered by Raisin and Ottawa rivers. The sur- 
face is gently undulating ; soil, sandy and argil- 
laceous loam, and fertile. Iron ore is found. 
Capital, Adrian. There were in 18i0, neat cat- 
tle 14,917, sheep 6,034, swine 22,973; wheat 
167,891 hush, produced, rye 3,468, Ind. corn 
199,53^, buckwheat 8,183, barley 5,989, oats 
151,111, potatoes 112,534, sugar 33,945 pounds; 

6 commission houses, cap. $15,000 ; 43 stores, 
cap. $195,350; 1 tannery, 3 distilleries, 3 flouring 
m., 9 grist m., 44 saw m., 3 printing offices, 3 
weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $266,350. 
1 college, 20 students, 1 acad. 27 students, 114 
sch. 4,394 scholars. Pop. 17,889. 

Le.n'oir, coimty, N. C. Situated toward the 
s. e. part of the state, and contains 390 sq. ms. 
Watered by Neuse r. and its branches. Capital, 
Kingston. There were in 1840, neat cattle 7,060, 
sheep 4,530, swine 27,420 ; wheat 9,960 bush, 
produced, rye 4,800, Ind. corn 1,734,000, oats 
8,870, potatoes 61,950, rice 15,000 pounds, cotton 
244,300; 11 stores, cap. $41,000; 1 cotton fac, 
12 distilleries, 11 flouring m., 17 grist m., 11 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $27,375. 2 acad. 80 stu- 
dents, 6 sch. 167 scholars. Pop. whites 3,687, 
slaves 3,683, free col'd 235 ; tolal, 7,605. 

Lenoir, p-v., capital of Caldwell co., N. C 
Situated on the s. side of Yadkin r., near its 
source, and contains a court house, 1 store, and 
several dwellings. 

Lenoir's, p-o., Roane co., Tenn., 171 e. by s. 
Nashville, 522 W. 

Lens Creek, p-o., Kanawha co., Va. 

Leno.x, p-t., capital of Berkshire co., Mass., 132 
w. Boston, 370 W. The surface is uneven, and 
the soil productive. Watered by Housatonic r. 
Incorporated in 1767. The v. is pleasantly situa- 
ted on elevated ground, and is neatly built, and 
contains a court house, jail, 3 churches — 1 Con- 
gregational, 1 Epi.scopal, and 1 Methodist — a flour- 
ishing academy, founded in 1803, a printing of- 
fice, and about 40 dwellings. Tlie t. has 1 fur- 
nace, 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 printing office, 1 
weekly newspaper, 1 grist m., 6 saw m., 1 oil m. 
Cap. in manul'ac. $10,601). 1 acad. 60 students, 

7 sch. 341 sch. Pop. 1,313. 

Lenox, p-t., Madison co., N. Y., 121 w. n. w. 
Albany, 358 W. The surface is undulating or 
level ; soil, generally productive, adapted to 
wheat. Drained by Cowasalon and Oneida crs., 
flowing into Oneida lake, which bounds it on the 
N. The v., called Lenox Ba;>in, is on the Erie 
canal, and contains 5 stores, and about 20 dwell- 
ings. The t. has 15 stores, cap. $44,000 ; 3 full- 
ing m., 4 tanneries, 3 grist m., 18 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $31,001). 1 acad. o6 students, 24 sch. 
1,493 scholars. Pop. 5,440. 

Leno.x, p-t., Susquehanna co.. Pa., 170 n. n. w. 
Harrisburg, 271 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, 
clay and gravel. Watered by Timkhannock cr. 
and its branches. It has 2 stores, cap. $5,500 ; 2 
grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,075. 8 
sch. 240 scholars. Pop. 800. 

Lenox, p-t., Ashtabula co., O., 15 s. Ashtabula, 
201 N. E. Columbus, 335 W. It contains 1 store, 
1 grist m., 4 saw m. 5 sch. 166 scholars. Pop. 
550. 

Lenox, t., Macomb co., Mich. The soil is fer- 
tile, adapted to grain. It has 9 sch. 149 scholars. 
Pop. 281. 

Leominster, p-t., Worcester co., Mass., 44 
w N. w. Boston, 417 W. The surface is undu- 



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341 



LEV 



lating ; soil, very fertile, particularly on the river. 
Watered by a branch of Nashua r., which affords 
extensive water power. Incorporated in 1740. It 
contains 4 churches — 1 Cotigregaiionalist, 1 Uni- 
tarian, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist. The v., at the 
centre, contains 2 churches, and ahout 30 dwell- 
ings. The t. has 12 stores, cap. $12,3)0 ; 1 fulling 
m., 2 tanneries, 1 flouring m., 4 grist m , IS saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $13,825. 1 acad. 25 stu- 
dents, 12 sch. 633 scholars. Pop. 2,069. 

Leon, county, Flor. Situated iu the centre of 
the N. part of the ter., and contains 1,824 sq. ms. 
Appalachee bay of the Gulf of Mexico lies on its 
s. border. The seacoast is marshy ; back is pine 
land, much of which is fertile. Ocklockony river 
runs on its \v. border. Wakully r. is in its E. part. 
Capital, Tallahassee. There were in 1840, neat 
cafle 11,890, sheep 1,798, swine 18,339; Ind. corn 
230,^'51 bush, prod., oats 5,3; 5, potatoes 43,780, 
tobacco 3,300 pounds, cotton 5,530,644, sugar 
29,150 ; 2 commercial and 10 commission houses, 
cap. $118,500 ; 44 stores, cap. $436,000 ; 1 tannery, 
6 grist m., 9 saw m., 2 printing offices, 1 bindery, 
and 2 weekly newspapers. Capital in manufac. 
$129,500. 1 acad. 41 students, 4 sch. 100 schol- 
ars. Pop. whites 3,461, slaves 7,231, free colored 
21 ; total, 10,713. 

Leon, ]i-t., Cattaraugus co., N. Y., 311 w. by s. 
Albany, 3i3 W. The surface is elevated, but 
generally level ; soil, a fertile clay and sandy 
loam. Drained by Conewango cr. and its tribu- 
taries. It has 13 saw m. Cap. in manufactures 
$18,700. 11 sch. 473 scholars. Pop. 1,326. 

Leon, pv., Madison co., Va., 165 n. w. Rich- 
mond, 89 W. Situated on Crooked run. 

Leon, p-o., Richmond t., Ashtabula co., O., 208 
N. E. Columbus, 324 W. 

Leoxarrstown, p-v., capital of St. Mary's co., 
Md., 87 s. Annapolis, 64 W. Situated on Britton's 
r., a small branch of Potomac r. It contains a 
court house, jail, several stores and dwellings. 

Leonardsvili.e, p-v., Brookfield t., Madison 
CO., N. Y., 86 w. by n. Albany, 364 VV. Situated 
on Unadilla r., and contains 1 church, 4 stores, 1 
flouring m., 1 saw m., 40 dwellings, and about 
250 inhabitants. 

Leoni, p-t., Jackson co., Mich., 71 w. Detroit, 
546 W. The soil is fertile, adapted to grain. It 
contains 4 stores, cap. $24,000 ; 2 distilleries, 2 
grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $17,000. 
1 sch. 70 scholars. Pop. 1,067. 

Leonidas, t., St. Joseph co., 31ich. It has 4 
sch. 132 scholars. Pop. 410. 

Leon jAIills, p-o., Leon t., Cattaraugus co., N. 
Y., 315 w. by s. Albany, 341 W. 

Le Ray, t., Jefferson co., N. Y., 8 n. e. Water- 
town, 158 N. w. Albany. The surface is undu- 
lating ; soil, a fertile clay and sandy loam. Wa- 
tered by Black and Indian rs. It has 10 stores, 
cap. $23,100; 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 flouring 
m., 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Capital in manufactures 
$19,6i;0. 1 acad. 95 students, 25 sch. 1,194 schol- 
ars. Pop. 3,721. 

Le Ray.sville, p-v., Le Ray t., Jefferson co., 
N. Y., 162 N. w. Albany, 428 W. It contains 1 
church, 1 store, 1 saw m., 30 dwellings, and about 
200 inhabitants. 

Le Raysville, p-v.. Pike t., Bradford co.. Pa., 
152 N. by E. Harrisburg, 262 W. It contains an 
academy. 

Le Boeitf, t., Erie co.. Pa. It has 1 fulling m., 
1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,800. 6 
sell. 250 scholars. Pop. 876. 

Le Roy, p t., Genesee co., N. Y., 236 w. by 
N. Albany, 370 W. The surface is generally 
level ; soil, a productive sandy and gravelly 
loam, adapted to grain. Drained by Allen's Cr. 



It has 17 stores, cap. $70,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tan- 
nery, 2 flouring m., 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $31,450. 1 acad. 116 students, 12 sch. 
486 scholars. Pop. 4,323. 

Le Roy, v., Exeter t., Otsego co., N. Y. Situ- 
ated at the outlet of Canandaigua lake, and con- 
tains 2 churches, 3 stores, 1 grist m., 30 dwellings, 
and about 200 inhabitants. 

Le Roy, p-t., Bradford co.. Pa., 143 n. by E. 
Harrisburg, 253 W. It has 2 stores, cap. $1,975 ; 
2 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 2 grist m., 4 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $9,420. 4 sch. 178 scholars. 
Pop. 679. 

Le Roy, t., Lake co., O., 4 n. e. Chardon, 185 
N. E. Columbus. It has 1 saw m., 10 sch. 400 
scholars. Pop. 898. 

Le Roy, po., Westfield t, Medina co., O., 113 
N. E. by N. Columbus, 356 W. 

Le Rov, p-o., McLean co.. 111., 94 n. e. Spring- 
field, 729 W. 

Le Roy, t., Calhoun co., Mich. It has 2 saw 
m., 2 sch. 100 scholars. Pop. 326. 

Leslie, p t., Ingham co., Mich., 89 w. by n. 
Detroit, 575 W. Pop. 281. 

Lesser Cross Roads, p-o., Somerset co.. IS. J., 
42 N. Trenton, 216 W. 

Letart, t., Meigs co., O. Situated on a bend 
of Ohio r., opposite to Letart's Rapids, surrounded 
on 3 sides by the r. It has 3 stores, cap. .$2,900 ; 
1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,350. 4 
sch. 128 scholars. Pop. 642. 

Letart's Falls, p-v., Letart t., Meigs co., O., 
108 s. w. Columbus, 343 W. The rapid in Ohio 
r., 25 ms. below Shade r., is caused by the pro- 
jection of a steep hill into the r., which occasions 
a rapid current. 

Letcher, county, Ky. Situated in the e. part 
of the state, and contains 200 sq. miles. It was 
erected in 1842, principally from Perry co. Drain- 
ed by the head branch of Kentucky r Capital, 
Letcher C. H. 

Letcher, p-o., capital of Letcher co., Ky., 147 
s. E. Frankfort, 491 W. 

Letter B, p-t., Oxford co., Me., 77 x. w. Au- 
gusta, 628 W. Situated on Umbagog lake, which 
bounds it n. and w. It has 1 grist m., 1 saw m. 
Pop. 111. 

Letterkewy, t., Franklin co., Pa., 7 x. w. 
Chambersburg. Drained by Conedogwinit and 
Racoon crs. The surface is mostly level ; soil, 
slaty. Blue Mountain covers its w. part. It has 
6 stores, cap. $12,600; 1 fulling m., 6 tanneries, 1 
flouring m., 3 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $23,120. 11 sch. 528 scholars. Pop. 1,918. 

Letimberville, p-v., Scott t., Marion co., O., 
56 n. Columbus, 412 W. It contains 1 store and 
a number of dwellings. 

Levan.na, p-v., Ledyard t., Cayuga co., N. Y., 
172 w. Albany, 325 W. Situated on the e. side 
of Cayuga lake, and contains 1 church, 1 store, 2 
warehouses, 1 steam flouring m., 30 dwellings, 
and about 200 inhabitants. 

Levant, p-t., Penobscot co , Me., 80 n. n. e. 
Augusta, 675 W. Drained by Kenduskeag stream 
and its branches. The soil is productive. It has 
3 stores, cap. §1,200; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 
grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,300. 404 
scholars in schools. Pop. 1,061. 

Levant, p-o., Chautauque co., N. Y., 326 w. 
by s. Albany, 323 W. 

Level, p-o., Warren co., O., 81 w. s. w. Co- 
lumbus, 464 W 

Level Corner, p-o., Lycoming co., Pa., 102 
N. Harrisburg, 210 W. 

Level Farm, p-o., New Kent co., Va. 

Level Green, p-o., Giles co., Va., 221 w. 
Richmond, 261 W 



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342 



LEW 



Leverett, p-t., Franklin co., Mass., 83 w. by 
N. Boston, 393 W. The surface is elevated; soil, 
adapted to grazing. It contain.s 2 Congregational 
churches. Watered by 2 small branches of Con- 
necticut r. Incorporated in 1774. It has 3 stores, 
cap. $3,400 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tan- 
neries, 2 grist m., 8 saw m. Capital in manufac, 
$15,023. 5 sch. 327 scholars. Pop. 875. 

Levkrington", p-o., Philadelphia co., Pa., 98 e. 
by s. Harrisburg, 147 W. 

Lewis, county, N. Y. Situated in the n. part 
of the state, and contains 1,122 sq. ms. The sur- 
face is mostly hilly and broken ; soil, various. 
Along Black r. it is fertile. Watered by Black 
r. and its tributaries, Beaver, Independence, and 
Moose rivers, and by Salmon, Indian, and Oswe- 
gatchie rs. Capital, Martinsburg. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 31,130, sheep 36,665, swine 
18,076; wheat 85,191 bush, produced, rye 2,473, 
Ind. com 48,984, buckwheat 8,498, barley 20,271 
oats 144,880, potatoes 634,316, hops 5,460 pounds, 
sugar 257,476 ; 33 stores, capital $93,300 ; 2 fur- 
naces, 5 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 16 tanneries, 

1 distillery, 3 flouring m., 11 grist m., 80 saw m., 

2 oil m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. 
Cap. in manufac. $65,280. 1 acad. 120 students, 
151 sch. 5,259 scholars. Pop. 17,830. 

Lewis, county, Va. Situated in the n. w. 
part of the state, and contains 1,600 sq. ms. 
Drained by Little Kanawha r. and its branches, 
and by the w. fork of Monongahela r. and its 
branches, and the head waters of E. fork. The 
surface is uneven and rough. Capital, Weston. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 12,2.57, sheep 
14,971, swine 19.622; wheat 47,091 bush, pro- 
duced, rye 4,867, Ind. corn 253,110, oats 80,161, 
potatoes 24,376, tobacco 11,683 pounds, sugar 
93,784 ; 16 stores, cap. $59,300 ; 1 fulliug m., 5 
tanneries, 3 distilleries, 24 grist ra., 17 saw m., 1 
oil m. Cap. in manufac. $30,700. 9 sch. 219 
scholars. Pop. whites 7,939, slaves 124, free 
col'd 33; tfjtal, 8,151. 

Lewis, county, Ky. Situated in the n. part 
of the state, and contains 375 sq. ms. Ohio r. 
runs on its n. border. Drained by Salt Lick 
and Kinniconick creeks, which flow into the 
Ohio. Capital, Clarksburg. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 3,424, sheep 4,762, swine 8,957 ; wheal 
18,752 bush, produced, Ind. corn 150,158, oats 
40,492, potatoes 3,792, sugar 19,976 pounds ; 12 
stores, cap. $2H,800; 4 tanneries, 6 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $24,110. 10 sch. 264 scholars. Pop. 
whites 5,873, slaves 406, free col'd 27 ; total, 
6,306. 

Lewis, county. Mo. Situated in the n. e. part 
of the state, and contains 500 sq. ms. The Mis- 
sissippi r. runs on its E. boundary. Drained by 
Fabius and Wyaconda rivers. Tlie surface is 
undulating; soil, very fertile. It contains timber 
and prairie. Capital, Waterloo. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 4,479, sheep 4,934, swine 26,248 ; 
wheat 45,583 bush, produced, rye 9,718, Indian 
corn 376,452, oats 27,931, potatoes 16,199, tobacco 
17,886 lbs., sugar 3,762 ; 22 stores, cap. $195,863 , 
1 tannery, 3 distilleries, 2 flouring m., 9 grist m., 9 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $14,500. 17 sch. 368 
scholars. Pop. whites 4,966, slaves 1,065, free 
col'd 9 ; total, 6,040. 

Lewis, p-t., Essex co., N. Y., 131 n. Albany, 
506 W. The surface is hilly and mountainous, 
with some level tracts, and a moderately good 
soil. Drained by Boquet r. and its tributaries. 
It has 2 stores, cap. $3,000; 2 fulling m., 5 
forges, 1 tannery, 1 gri.st m., 33 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $30,950. 11 sch. 339 scholars. 
Pop. 1,505. 

Lewis, t.. Lycoming co., Pa. It has 3 stores, 



cap. $3,400 ; 1 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $6,700. 2 sch. 60 scholars. Pop. 542. 

Lewls, p-v., Sussex co., Del., 45 s. by e. Do- 
' ver, 153 W. 

Lewis and Rehoboth, Hundred, Sussex co., 
Del. It has 8 stores, cap. $14,400 ; 1 tannery. 
Cap. in manufac. $500. 1 acad. 40 students, 3 
sch. 36 scholars. Pop. 1,834. 

Lewis, p-t.. Brown co., O., 121 s. w. by s. 
Columbus, 483 W. The surface is slightly un- 
even, and the soil adapted to the production of 
grain and tobacco. Drained by Whiteoak, Eagle, 
Bullskin, and other creeks, that flow into the Ohio, 
which bounds it on the s. It has 2 sch. 56 scho- 
lars. Pop. 2,437. 

Lewis, t.. Clay co., la. It has 1 store, cap. 
$2,000 ; 2 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$450. Pop. 472. 

Lewis, p-o.. Barren co., Ky., 135 s. w. Frank- 
fort, 658 W. 

Lewis, p-o., Vigo co., la., 78 w. s. w. Indiana- 
polis, 649 W. 

Lewisberrv, p-v., York co., Pa., 17 s. Harris- 
burg, 109 W. 

Lewisborough, p-t., Westchester co., N. Y., 
130 s. by e. Albany, 286 W. The surface is 
somewhat broken; soil, clay and sandy loam. 
Drained on the w. by Croton r. It has 4 sch. 85 
scholars. Pop. 1,619. 

Lewisburg, p-b., BuflFalo t.. Union co.. Pa., 67 
N. Harrisburg, 177 W. Situated on the w. bank 
of Susquelianna r., a little below the mouth of 
BufTalo cr. A lateral canal, half a mile long, 
connects with the West Branch canal. It con- 
tains 2 churches, 13 stores, cap. $79,500 ; 1 fur- 
nace, 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 grist m., 1 saw 
m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. 
in manufac. $36,355. 1 acad. 20 students, 4 sch. 
250 scholars. Pop. 1,220. 

Lewisburg, p-v., capital of Greenbrier co., 
Va., 214 w. Richmond, 251 W. It contains a 
court house, jail, 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 
Baptist, and 1 Methodist. — a lyceum, an acade- 
my, 6 stores, a priming office, 200 dwellings, and 
about 900 inhabitants. It is 9 ms. E. of the cele- 
brated White Sulphur Springs. 

Lewisburg, p-v., Harrison t., Preble co., O., 
97 w. by s. ("olumbus, 490 W. 

Lewisburg, p-v., Mecklenburg co., Ky., 172 
w. s. w. Frankfort, 714 W. Situated on the s. 
bank of Green r., at the s. extremity of a bend in 
the r. 

Lewisburg, p-v., capital of Marshall co., 
Tenn., 54 s. Nashville, 703 W. It contains a 
court house, and several stores and dwellings. 

Lewisburg, p-v., Cass co., la., 81 n. Indiana- 
polis, 601 W. Situated on the n. bank of the 
Wabash r., and on the Wabash and Erie canal. 

Lewisburg, p-v., capital of Conway co.. Ark., 
45 N. w. Little Rock, 1,110 W. Situated ou the 
N. bank of Arkansas r. It has a court house, 
and several stores and dwellings. 

Lkwis's Grove, p-o,, Shelby co.. Mo., Ill N. 
Jeffer.son City, 963 W. 

Lewisport, p-v., Harrison co., Va., 283 n. w. 
by w. Richmond, 251 W. 

Lewis's Store, p-o., Spottsylvania co., Va, 
99 N. Richmond, 90 W. 

Lewisto.v, pt., Niagara co., N. Y., 297 w. by 
N. Albany, 410 W. A ridge e. and w. divides it 
into 2 plains. The soil is a calcareous and sandy 
loam, and fertile. Niagara r. bounds it on the 
w. The Tuscarora Indians have a settlement in 
the t. The v. is situated on the e. side of Nia- 
gara r., at the head of steamboat navigation, 7 
ms. from Lake Ontario. Incorporated in 1822. 
It contains 4 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Epis- 



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343 



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copal, 1 Baptist, and 1 Universalist — an academy, 
10 stores, 1 grist m., 1 distillery, 100 dwellings, 
and about 900 inhabitants. It has a convenient 
steamboat landing, from which boats regularly 
ply to Oswego, and oilier places on Lake On- 
tario. It has a communication by railroad to 
Buffalo by Niagara falls, which connects with 
the Lockport and Niagara Falls railroad. There 
are in the t. 4 com. houses, cap. $500 ; 18 stores, 
cap. $29,600 ; 1 flouring m., 2 grist m., 7 saw. m. 
Cap. in manufac. $30,600. 1 acad. 122 students, 
12 sch. 793 scholars. Pop. 2,533. 

Lewistown, p-t., Lincoln co., 3Ie., 31 s. w. 
Augusta, 577 W. The soil is fertile. Incorpo- 
rated in 1795. Androscoggin r. runs on its w. 
border, and has here a fall 47 feet, in a distance 
of 12 or 15 rods, affording great water power. 
A bridge, 1,000 feet long, here crosses the An- 
droscoggin, at the foot of the falls. It has 6 
stores, cap. $580 ; 4 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 2 
tanneries, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$75,800. 14 sch. 742 scholars. Pop. 1,801. 

Lewistown, p-b., capital of Mifflin co., Pa., 
57 N. w. Ilarrisburg, 148 W. Situated on the n. 
side of Juniata r., at the junction of Kishcoquillas 
or. The Peimsylvania canal runs through tlie 
place. It has 8 streets crossing each other' at 
right angles, a large court house and public offi- 
ces of brick, in the middle of an open square al 
the centre, 4 churches, an academy, about 400 
dwellings. There is a mineral spring in the vi- 
cinity. It has 5 com. houses, cap. $900 ; 17 
stores, cap. $106,700; 1 furnace, 3 tanneries, 1 
brewery, 1 pottery, 1 printing office, 1 weekly 
newspaper, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $51,450. 1 acad. 27 students, 7 sch 231 
scholars. Pop. 2,058. 

Lewistown, p-v., Bloomfield t., Logan co., O., 
77 N. w. by s. Columbus, 464 W. It is situated 
on the E. side of the Miami r. 

Lewistown, Va. (See Lunenburgh C. H.) 

Lewistown, p-v., capital of Fulton co.. 111., 
55 N. w. Springfield, 833 W. It contains a neat 
court house, a jail, 3 stores, and about 40 dwell- 
ings. It is 4 ms. E. of Spoon r. and 12 ms. w. of 
Dlinois r. 

Lewisville, p-v., Indiana co., Pa., 171 w. n. 
w. Harrisburg, 219 W. 

Lewisville, p-v., Brunswick co., Va., 82 s. 
by w. Richmond, 198 W. 

Lewisville, p-v., Chester dist., S. C, 64 n. 
Columbia, 450 W. 

Lewi.sville, p-v., capital of La Fayette co.. 
Ark., 162 s. w. Little Rock, 1,237 W. 

Lewisville, p-v., Monroe co., O. 

Lewisville, p-v., Henry co., la., 42 e. In- 
dianapohs, 529 W. It is situated on the e. side 
of Flat Rock cr., on the national road. 

Lexington, district, S. C. Situated a little 
w. of the centre of the state, and contains 900 sq. 
ms. Watered by Saluda r., which joins Broad r. 
on the border of this dist. to form the Congaree r. 
Capital, Lexington C. H. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 15,619, sheep 6,144, swine 27,198; 
wheat 28,849 bush, produced,' oats 24,084, pota- 
toes 27,733, rice 24,000 pounds, cotton 454,191 ; 
13 .stores, cap. $38,800 ; 1 cotton fac, 3 distille- 
ries, 46 grist m., 18 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$111,900. 3 acad. 105 students, 9 sch. 146 schol- 
ars. Pop. whites 7,401, slaves 4,685, free col'd 
25; total, 12,111. 

Lexington, p-t., Somerset co.. Me., 63 N. by 
w. Augusta, 657 W. It has a pond on its n. and 
another on its s. border, connected by a stream 
which flows into Kennebec r. The soil is fertile, 
adapted to grain. It has 1 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $800. 8 sch. 215 scholars. Pop. 564. 



Lexington, p-t., Middlesex co., Mass., 11 n. 
w. Boston, 451 W. The surface is uneven and 
rough, and the soil not very fertile, excepting on 
the streams. Watered by branches of Shaw- 
sheen r. It has some manufactures. The v. 
contains a Unitarian and a Baptist church, and 
about 40 dv^ellings. Here the first blood was 
shed in the revolutionary war, April 19lh, 1775. 
A monument, with an appropriate inscription, 
has been erected at the expense of the legisla- 
ture of Mass., on the spot near which 8 men 
were killed by the British. This event roused 
the country to arms. Major Pitcairn, the British 
commander, was afterwards killed at the battle 
of Bunker Hill. It has 7 stores, cap. $13,000 ; 2 
grist m., 1 acad. 25 students, 6 sch. 411 scholars. 
Pop. 1,642. 

Lexington, p-t., Greene co., N. Y., 28 w. 
Catskill, 55 s. w. Albany, 365 W. The surface 
is mountainous. Drained by Schoharie creek. 
The V. contains 2 churches, 3 stores, I tannery, 
and about 20 dwellings. There are in the t., 6 
stores, cap. $11,500; 1 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 2 
grist m., 15 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $45,300. 
13 sch. 282 scholars. Pop. 2,813. 

Lexington, p-v., capital of Rockbridge co., 
Va., 146 w. Richmond, 188 W. Situated on an 
elevated bank, on the w. side of North river, a 
branch of James river. It contains a neat court 
house, a jail, 4 churches — ^2 Presbyterian, 1 Bap- 
tist, and 1 Methodist — a military institute, An- 
drew Smith's Female Seminary, 11 stores, 170 
dwellings, and 1,200 inhabitants. Washington 
College is situated here, originally endowed by 
the father of his country, and additionally by 
others. It was founded in 1812. It has a presi- 
dent and 5 y)rofessorR, 12o alumni, 94 students, 
and 2,700 vols, in its libraries. The commence- 
ment is on the last Thursday in June. 100 
shares of stock of the James River Company, 
left by Washington to found this college, yield 
annually about $2,500. The Virginia Military 
Institute is located here, and has 3 professors, and 
60 cadets. It is on the plan of the U. S. Military 
Institution, at West Point, N. Y. 

Lexingto.n, p-v., capital of Davidson co., N. 
C, 117 w. Raleigh, 338 W. Situated on the w. 
side of Abbott's creek, a branch of Yadkin r. It 
contains a court house, jail, several stores and 
dwellings. 

Lexington, p-v., capital of Oglethorpe co., 
Ga., 70 N. Milledgeville, 594 W. It contains a 
court house, jail, 2 churches — 1 Presbyterian and 
1 Methodist — 2 academies, one of which has a 
building which cost $4,000, and has a fund of 
$4,U0J, and is called, from its founder, " Mason 
Academy," 15 stores, a public library, and about 
45 dwellings. 

Lexington, p-v., Lauderdale co., Ala., 153 n. 
Tuscaloosa, 761 W. 

Lexlngton, p-v., capital of Holmes co.. Miss., 
62 N. Jackson, 997 W. Situated on the n. side 
of a branch of Yazoo r., and contains a court 
liouse and several dwellings. 

Le.kington, p-v., capital of Henderson co., 
Tenn., 117 w. s. w. Na.shville, 801 W. Situated 
on Beech r., a branch of Tennessee r., and con- 
tains 1 Cumberland Presbyterian and 1 Metho- 
dist church, 1 academy, 7 stores, 1 flouring m., 1 
saw m., 2 tanneries, 32 dwellings, and 228 in- 
habitants. 

Lexington, city, and capital of Fayette co., 
Ky., is situated on a branch of the Elkhorn r., in 
38° 6' N. lat., and 48° 18' w. Ion., 24 e. s. e. 
Frankfort, 85 s. Cincinnati, 74 e. Loui-sville, 522 
W. Pop. 1820, 5,279 ; 1830, 6,404 ; 1840, 6,997 
It is the oldest town in the state, was formerly 



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344 



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the capital, and is one of the neatest and best 
built places in the western states. It is regular- 
ly laid out, and some of the streets are paved. 
Tlie main street is 80 feet wide, and li m. in 
length, and the principal roads leading to the 
city are macadamized, for some distance from it. 
Many of the streets are bordered with fine shade 
trees, and its environs are beautiful, and orna- 
mented with elegant residences. There is a pub- 
lic square near the centre of the place, surround- 
ed by fine brick buildings. The city contains 
about 1,200 dwellings, and has 10 churches — 2 
Presbyterian, 1 (.'ampbellite, 1 Episcopal, 1 Bap- 
tist, 1 Methodist, 1 Unitarian, 1 Roman Catholic, 
and 2 African, 1 of them Methodist, and the 
other Baptist. Among the public buildings are 
a court house and jail, a splendid masonic hall, 
one of the finest buildings in the state, the State 
Lunanc Asylum, and the Halls of Transylvania 
University. This university was founded in 
1798, and has a classical, medical, and law de- 
partment. It has a president and 14 professors, 
or other instructors. The classical department 
has about 10!) students, the law 78, and the medi- 
cal 260, making 438 in the whole. The medical 
graduates of this institution are more numerous 
than those of any .similar institution in the United 
States, excepting that of Philadelphia. The 
libraries of the university amount to 12,242 vols. 
The commencement is on the second Thursday 
hi September. There are in the city, 2 acade- 
mies, and 3 male and 2 female schools, of a high 
order. This city is more celebrated for its intel- 
ligent and polished .society, and as an elegant 
place of residence, than for the bustle of busi- 
ness. It had in 1840, 2 for. commission houses, 
cap. $35,500 ; 72 retail stores, cap. $892,285 ; 
value of machinery produced, §12,800 ; hard- 
ware, cutlery, &c., $10,000; 1 woollen fac, 9 
ropewalks, cap. $186,860; 3 tanneries, 1 brewery, 
4 printing offices, 1 bindery, 3 weekly and 2 
semi-weekly newspapers, and 7 periodicals. 
Cap. in manufac. $423,340. 1 college, 339 stu- 
dents, 2 acad. 65 students, 12 sch. 686 scholars. 
It is said that the name was given to this place 
by the surveyors, who, while laying it out, re- 
ceived intelligence of the battle of Le.xington. 
In 1797 it contained only 50 houses. The coun- 
try around the city is one of the most fertile 
districts in the United States. 

Lexington, t., St. Clair co., Mich. It has 1 
tannery, 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$23,000. 3 sch. 45 scholars. Pop. 413. 

Le.xington, t., Stark co., O. It contains 1 
sch. 27 scholars. Pop. 1,637. 

Lexington, p-v., Troy t., Richland co., O., 56 
N. N. E. Columous, 385 W. Situated on Clear 
fork of Mohiccan cr., and contains 3 churches, 4 
stores, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m., 1 carding and 
lulling m., 80 dwellings and about 400 inhabitants. 

Le.xington, p-v., capital of Scott co., la., 89 
s. by E. Indianapolis, 577 W. It is situated on 
the head waters of Muscatatack fork of White 
r., 11 miles w. of the Ohio r. It contains a court 
house, 3 stores, and about 200 inhabitants. 

Lexington, p-v., McLean co., 111., 90 n. e. 
Springfield, 757 W. 

Lexington, p-v., capital of La Fayette co.. 
Mo., 132 w. N. w. JefTerson city, 1,046 W. It is 
situated U m. s. of the Missouri r. It contains a 
court house, jail, a U. S. land office, several 
stores and dwellings. There are in the t. 4 
sch. 145 scholars. Pop. 2,354. 

Lexington, C. H., Lexington dist., S. C, 12 w. 
Columbia, 518 W. Situated on a small branch 
of Saluda r., and contains a court house, jail, an 
academy, several stores and dwellings. 



Leyden, p-t., Franklin co., Mass., 102 w. .\- 
w. Boston, 412 W. The surface is mountainous ; 
soil, adapted to grazing. Wa'ered by Green r., a 
branch of Deerfield r. Incorporated in 1809. 
It has 1 store, cap. $3,000 ; 2 grist m., 3 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $2,000. 5 sch. 250 scholars. 
Pop. 632. 

Leyden, p-t.. Lews co., N. Y., 15 s. Marlins- 
burg, 120 N. w. Albany, 425 VV. ITie surface is 
hilly ; soil, fertile sandy loam. Drained by 
Moose and Black rivers. It has 5 stores, cap. 
$22,600 ; 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 
2 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $12,015. 
10 sch. 556 scholars. Pop. 2,43S. 

Liberty, county, Ga. Situated in the s. e. part 
of the state, and contains 660 sq. miles. It has 
the Atlantic on its s. e. border, and Altamaha r. 
on its s. w. border. Watered by Little Cannou- 
chee r. and Taylor's cr. The surface is level. 
Capital, Riceboro.' There were in 1810, neat 
cattle 14,581, sheep 3,196, swine 7,539; Indian 
corn 90,847 bushels produced, oats 6,182, pota- 
toes 88,474, rice 223,297 pounds, cotton 1,347,421, 
sugar 8,450 ; 9 stores, $39,230 ; 7 grist ra., 6 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $12,750. 6 acad. 166 stu 
dents, 1 sch. 7 scholars. Pop. whites 1,645, 
slaves 5,561, free col'd 35 ; total, 7,241. 

Liberty, p-t., Waldo co.. Me., 20 e. Augusta, 
616 W. The soil is fertile, adapted to grain. Wa- 
tered by a branch of St. George's r., issuing from 
2 ponds. Incorporated in 1827. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $1,400 ; 1 tannery, 5 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $6,900. 6 sch. 321 scholars. Pop. 895. 

Liberty, p-t., Sullivan co., N. Y., 119 s. w. 
Albany, 304 W. The surface is mountainous ; 
soil, gravelly loam. Drained by CoUikoon cr. 
and other branches of the Delaware r. The v. 
contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Episcopal church, 
1 store, 15 dwellings, and about 75 inhabitants. 
There are in the t. 5 stores, cap. $9,500 ; 1 ful- 
ling m., 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 17 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $24,500; II sch. 588 scholars. Pop. 
1,569. 

Liberty, v., Conhocton t., Steuben co., N. Y. 
It contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist 
church, 3 stores, 40 dwellings, and about 300 in- 
habitants. 

Liberty, p-t., Tioga co.. Pa., 123 n. by w. 
Harrisburg, 233 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, 
gravel and clay. It has 3 stores, cap. $8,500; 
1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 4 grist m., 5 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $16,808. 1 sch. 50 scholars. 
Pop. 1,128. 

Liuerty, t., Adams co.. Pa. It has 2 distille- 
ries, 4 flouring m., 6 .saw m. Pop. 773. 

Liberty, t., Columbia co.. Pa. The surface is 
chiefly level ; soil, clay. Drained by ('hilisqua- 
que and Mahoning creeks. It has 2 stores, cap. 
.$7,000 ; 1 distillery, 5 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $2,389. 4 sch. 170 scholars. Pop. 
1,328. 

Liberty, t., Susquehanna co.. Pa. If has 1 
grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,000. 6 
sch. 124 scholars. Pop. 554. 

Liberty, t., McKean co.. Pa. It has 6 stores, 
cap. $18,100 ; 1 distillery, 4 grist m., 9 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $30,500. 1 sch. 30 scholars. 
Pop. 198. 

Liberty, p-v., capital of Bedford co., Va., 142 
w. by s. Richmond, 217 W. Situated on a 
branch of Otter r., and contains a court house, 
jail, 3 churches — 2 Baptist and 1 Free — a masonic 
hall, 5 stores, 1 tobacco fac, 2 tanneries, 70 
dwellings, and about 375 inhabitants. 

Liberty, p-v., Hall co., Ga., 130 n. n. w. Mil- 
ledgeville, 609 W. 

Lujerty, p-v., De Kalb co., Tenn., 50 e. 



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345 



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Nashville, 631 W. Situated on the n. side of a 
branch of Cany fork of Cumberland r. It has 1 
church, 1 store, and several dwellings. 

Liberty, p-v., capital of Casey co., Ky., 69 s. 
Frankfort, 583 W. Situated on the n. side of 
Green r. It has a court house and 135 inhabit- 
ants. 

Liberty, p-v., Jefferson t., Montgomery co., 
O., 7 w. Dayton, 75 w. by s. Columbus, 468 W. 
It contains 1 church, 3 stores, and about 350 
inhabitants. 

Liberty, t., Adams co., O. It has 3 stores, 
cap. $1,200; 1 flouring m., 3 grist m., 3 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $2,048. 1 sch. 50 scholars. 
Pop. 1,498. 

Liberty, t., Butler co., O. It has 4 sch. 106 
scholars. Pop. 1,479. 

Liberty, t., Clinton co., O. It has 3 stores, 
cap. $2,000 ; 1 tannery, 2 flouring m., 2 grist m., 
3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,524. 7 sch. 421 
scholars. Pop. 1,049. 

Liberty, t., Crawford co., O. It has 8 sch. 
590 scholars. Pop. 1,469. 

Liberty, t., Delaware co., O. It has 7 sch. 
170 scholars. Pop. 811. 

Liberty, t., Fairfield co., O. The Ohio canal 
passes through the t. Pop. 2,778. 

Liberty, t., Guernsey co., O. It has 5 sch. 
176 scholars. Pop. 702. 

Liberty, t., Hancock co., O. It has 1 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $300. 5 sch. 254 scholars. 
Pop. 592. 

Liberty, t., Hardin co., O. Pop. 170. 

Liberty, t.. Highland co., O. It has 88 stores, 
cap. $150,000; 7 fulling m., 2S tanneries, 1 dis- 
tillery, 3 potteries, 2 printing offices, 2 weekly 
newspapers, 7 flouring m., 25 grist ra., 24 saw m., 
3 oil ra. Cap. in manufac. $45,337. 2 acad. 150 
students, 12 sch. 800 scholars. Pop. 3,521. 

Liberty, t., Jackson co., O. It has 1 store, 
cap. $150; 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $200. Pop. 474. 

Liberty, t., Knox co., O. It aboimds with 
yellow poplar, which is nearly equal to white 
pine. Ihe v. called Mount Liberty contains 2 
stores, and 12 or 15 dwellings. Pop. 1,205. 

Liberty, t.. Licking co., O. It has 10 sch. 
439 scholars. Pop. 1,115. 

Liberty, t., Logan co., O. It has 5 sch. 150 
scholars. Pop. 808. 

Liberty, t., Seneca co., Ohio. It has 1 store, 
1 distillery, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Capital in 
manufac. $785. 7 schools, 221 scholars. Pop. 
1,084. 

Liberty, t.. Van Wert co., O. Pop. 117. 

Liberty, p-t., Jackson co., Mich., 79 w. De- 
troit, 539 W. It has 2 sch. 45 scholars. Pop. 525. 

Liberty, p-v., capital of Union co., la., 72 e. 
by s. Indianapolis, 515 W. Situated on the e. 
side of Silver cr., a branch of Whitewater r. It 
contains a brick court house, an academy, 4 
stores, a steam saw m., and about 500 inhabit- 
ants. 

Liberty, t.. Grant co., la. Pop. 500. 

Liberty, t, Henry co., la. It has 3 sch. 83 
scholars. Pop. 1,813. 

Liberty, t., Shelby co., la. Pop. 767. 

Liberty, t., Wabash co., la. It has 1 sch. 25 
scholars. Pop. 471. 

Liberty, p-v., Adams co., III., 90 w. Spring- 
field, 870 W. 

Liberty, p-v., capital of Clay co.. Mo., 159 w. 
N. w. Jefferson city, 1,072 W. ^ contains 5 
churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Dutch Reformed, 1 
Baptist, 1 Methodist, and 1 Roman Catholic — 2 
academies, 14 stores, and 1,127 inhabitants. 

Liberty, p-v., capital of Amite co., 3Iiss., 101 
44 



s. s. w. Jackson, 1,101 W. Situated on the e. 
side of the w. fork of Amite r., and contains a 
court house and several dwellings. 

Liberty, t., Callaway co.. Mo. It has 2 sch. 
56 scholars. Pop. 866. 

Liberty, t., Crawford co.. Mo. It has 1 sch. 
20 scholars. Pop. 265. 

Liberty, t., Macon co.. Mo. It has 3 sch. 70 
scholars. Pop. 1,107. 

Liberty, t., Madison co.. Mo. It has 2 sch. 
31 scholars. Pop. 424. 

Liberty, t., Marion co.. Mo. It has 4 sch. 155 
scholars. Pop. 2,159. 

Liberty, t., St. Francis co.. Mo. It has 2 sch. 
60 scholars. Pop. 606. 

Liberty, t., Washington co., Mo. It has 3 
sch. 56 scholars. Pop. 747. 

Liberty, t., Jackson co., Mich. It has 1 dis- 
tillery, 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,250. 2 
sch. 45 scholars. Pop. 525. 

Liberty, p-t.. Pope co.. Ark., 93 n. w. Little 
Rock, 1,158 W. Pop. 300. 

Liberty Corners, p-o., Somerset co., N. J., 
40 N. Trenton, 211 W. It contains a store, and 
about 25 dwellings . 

Liberty Hall, p-o., Dallas co., Ala., 79 s. 
Tuscaloosa, 869 W. 

Liberty Hall, p-o., Washington co., Va., 291 
w. by s. Richmond, 356 W. 

Liberty Hall, p-o., Newberry dist., S. C, 57 
w. N. w. Columbia, 491 W. 

Liberty Hill, p-o.. New London co., Ct. 

Liberty Hill, p-o., Iredell co., N. C, 175 w. 
Raleigh, 383 W. 

Liberty Hill, p-o., Kershaw dist., S. C, 55 
i\. E. Columbia, 482 W. 

Liberty Mills, p-v.. Orange co., Va., 79 n. w. 
Richmond, 100 W. 

Liberty Mills, p-o., Wabash co., la., 115 n. 
by E. Indianapolis, 60 1 W. 

Liberty Town, p-v., Frederick co., Md., 70 
N. w. Annapolis, 55 W. 

LiBERTYViLLE, p-0., Ncw Paltz t., Ulster co., 
N. Y., 78 s. by w. Albany, 308 W. Situated on 
the bank of the Wallkill, and contains 1 store, 1 
grist m., 1 fulling m. and carding machine. 

LiBERTYVtLLE, p-V., Sussex CO., N. J., 90 N. 

Trenton, 259 W. Situated 3 ms. e. of Blue moun- 
tain. 

LiBERTYViLLE, p-0.. Lake CO., 111., 230 n. n. 
E. Springfield, 745 W. 

Lick Creek, p-o., Clinton co., Ky., 128 s 
Frankfort, 600 W. 

Lick Creek, p-o., Hickman co., Tenn., 40 s. 
w. Nashville, 724 W. 

Lick, t., Jackson co., O. Named from a salt 
hck within its limits. It has 10 stores, capital 
$12,200 ; 2 tanneries. Cap. in manufac. $2,150. 
2 sch. 53 scholars. Pop. 822. 

Licking, r., Ky., rises in Floyd co., and after 
a course of 180 ms. falls into the Ohio r. at New- 
port, opposite to Cincinnati. It is navigable for 
/O miles. 

Licking, r., O., a large w. branch of Muskin- 
gum r., formed by the union of 3 principal branch- 
es, near Newark. It furnishes extensive water 
power, particularly by a dam at its mouth. 

Licking, county, O. Situated a little s. e. of 
the centre of the slate, and contains 666 sq. miles. 
The surface is an elevated table land. The soil 
is very fertile. Watered by Licking r. and its 
branches, a branch of Muskingum r., wliich afford 
extensive water power. Iron ore is extensively 
found. The Ohio canal passes through the co. 
Capital, Newark. There were in 1840, neat cat- 
tle 31,354, sheep 53,419, swine 45,504: wheat 
546,471 bushels produced, rye 9,184, Indian corn 



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831,794, buckwheat 15,735, oats 465,392, potatoes 
107.241, tobacco 121,693 pounds, sugar 102,383 ; 
11 commission houses, cap. $44,000; 103 stores, 
cap. $318,295; 1 furnace, 6 fulling m., 3 woollen 
fac, 21 tanneries, 5 distilleries, 1 brewery, 13 
flouring m., 23 grist m., 72 saw m., 2 oil m. 3 
printing offices, 4 weekly newspapers. Cap. in 
manufac. $319,565. 5 acad. 555 students, 129 
sch. 6,017 scholars. Pop. 35,096. 

Licking, t., Licking co., O. Situated on the 
national road, and contains the v. of Jackson. It 
has 2 sch. 107 scholars. Pop. 1,215. 

Licking, t., Muskingum co., O. Situated on 
the Oliio canal. Jt contains 2 churches, and 2 
large ancient mounds. 

Licking, p-o., Fleming co., Ky., 85 e. by n. 
Frankfort, 487 W. 

Licking Creek, t., Bedford co.. Pa. It has 3 
stores, cap. $9,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 printing office, 
1 weekly newspaper, 4 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $6,950. Pop. 824. 

Licking Grove, p-o., Pendleton co., Ky., 63 
N. E. Frankfort, 514 W. 

Licking Station, p-o., Moi-gan co., Ky., 132 
E. by s. Frankfort, 479 W. 
Licking Valley, p-o., Kenton co., Ky. 
LicKviLLE, p-v., Greenville dist., S.C., 106 n. 
w. by w. Columbia, 519 W. 

Light's Corners, p-o., Waldo co., Me., 25 e. 
Augusta, 621 W. 
Light Street, p-o., Columbia co.. Pa. 
LiGONiER, p-t., Westmoreland co.. Pa., 149 w. 
Harrisburg, 175 W. Situated in a valley. Soil, 
calcareous loam. Drained by Loyahanna creek 
and its branches. The v. contains 1 Presbyte- 
rian and 1 Methodist church, 3 stores, 1 tannery 
1 sch. 50 scholars, about 35 dwellings, and 294 
inhabitants. There are in tlie t. 2 tanneries, 1 
distillery, 4 flouring m., 1 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $16,668. 9 sch. 324 scholars. Pop. 2,204. 
LiLEsviLLE, p-v., Anson co., N. C, 141 s. w. 
by w. Raleigh, 417 W. 

Lima, p-t., Livingston co., N. Y., 213 w. Alba- 
ny, 399 W. The surface is rolling ; soil, a fertile 
clay and calcareous loam. Drainer! by Honeoye 
cr. and its tributaries. The v. contains 1 Pres- 
byterian and 1 Methodist church, the Genesee 
Wesleyan Seminary, 4 stores, 100 dwellings, and 
about 600 inhabitants. There are in the t. 7 
stores, cap. $26,075; 1 furnace, 1 fulling m., 1 
tannery, 2 flouring m., 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $23,420. 1 acad. 550 students, 9 sch. 
250 scholars. Pop. 2,176. 

Lima, p-v., Delaware co.. Pa., 88 e. s. e. Har- 
risburg, 122 W. 

Lima, p-v., capital of Allen co., O., 101 n. w. 
by w. Columbus, 472 W. Situated on Ottawa 
r., 20 ms. from its mouth. It contains 3 churches, 
a U. S. land office, 8 stores, and about 600 in- 
habitants. 

Lima, t.. Licking co., O. It has 5 schools 262 
scholars. Pop. 739. 

Lima, p-t., Washtenaw co., Mich., 51 w. De- 
troit, 539 W. The v. is situated on a branch of 
Mill cr., and contains 2 stores and several dwell- 
ings. There are in the t. 2 stores, cap. $7,000 ; 1 
saw m. 

Lima, p-v., Adams co.. 111., 122 w. Springfield, 
902 W. It contains 10 or 12 dwellings. 

Lima, p-v., capital of La Grange co., la., 175 
N. by E. Indianapolis, 573 W. It is situated in the 
s. w. corner of Mongoquinong prairie, on the n. 
bank of Pigeon r., and contains a court house, 
jail, 2 churches — 1 Methodist, 1 Presbyterian — 6 
stores, 1 sch. 30 scholars, and 178 inhabitants. 
There are in the t. 9 stores, cap. $33,250 ; 1 tan- 
nery, 1 grist m., 3 saw ni. Cap. in manufactures 



$8,405. 1 college 60 students, 1 acad. 80 students, 

3 sch. 75 scholars. Pop. 5S4. 

Limber Lost, p-o., Adams co., la. 

LiMANviLLE, p-v.. Stark co., O., 144 N. e. Co- 
lumbus, 307 W. 

Lime Creek, p-o., Lenawee co., Mich., 86 s 
w. Detroit, 515 W. 

LiMERiCKjP-t., York CO., Me., 76 s. w. Augus- 
ta, 535 W. The soil is fertile. Watered by Lit- 
tle Ossipee river. The v. contains an academy. 
Chartered in 1787. It has 9 stores, cap. $21,000 ; 
1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 3 grist m., 

4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,650. 1 acad. 130 
students, 613 scholars in schools. Pop. 1,508. 

Limerick, p-v.. Brownville t., .lefferson co., 
N. Y., 172 N. w. Albany, 424 W. Situated on 
Perch river, and contains 2 stores, 1 saw m., 35 
dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. 

Limerick, p-t., Montgomery co., Pa., 78 E. 
Harrisburg, 167 W. Schuylkill r. runs on its s. 
w. border. It has 2 stores, cap. $4,500 ; 1 lum- 
ber yard, cap. $3,000 ; 1 tannery. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $5,125. Pop. 1,786. 

Lime Rock, p-v., Smilhfield t.. Providence co., 
R. I., 10 N. Providence, 410 W. It contains a 
baidi, a church, several stores and dwellings. 

Lime Ridge, p-o., Columbia co.. Pa. 

Lime Rock, p-o., Litchfield co., Ct.,47 w. Hart- 
ford, 339 W. 

Limestone, county, Ala. Situated in the n. 
part of the state, and contains 575 sq. ms. Ten- 
nessee r. runs on its s. border. Watered by Elk 
r. and its branches. Swan r., Piney and Lime- 
stone crs. Capital, Athens. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 10,740, sheep 9,050, swine 45,821 ; 
wheat 32,599 bush, produced, rye 2,373, Ind. corn 
980,240, oats 113,615, potatoes 29,560, tobacco 
15,512 pounds, cotton 5,772,948; 11 stores, cap. 
$98,355 ; 3 tanneries, 9 distilleries, 20 grist m., 10 
saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. 
Cap. in manufac. $28,415. 5 acad. 155 students, 
23 sch. 683 scholars. Pop. whites 7,498, slaves 
6,840, free col'd 36 ; total, 14,374. 

Limestone, t., Clinton co., Pa. It has 1 grist 
m. Pop. 200. 

Limestone, t., Columbia co.. Pa., 10 n. w. Dan- 
ville. The surface is level ; soil, calcareous loam. 
Watered by Chilisquaque cr. and Limestone run. 
It has 1 store, cap. $15,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 distil- 
lery, 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,150. 4 sch. 
180 scholars. Pop. 646. 

Limestone, t., Warren co.. Pa. It has 2 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $6,000. 3 sch. 26 scholars. 
Pop. 129. 

Limestone, t., Lycoming co., Pa. It has 2 
stores, cap. $7,000 ; 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 
grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,200. 4 
sch. 125 scholars. Pop. 800. 

Limestone, p-v., Armstrong co.. Pa., 154 w. 
N. w. Harrisburg, 262 W. 

Limestone, p-o., Buncombe co., N. C, 266 w. 
by s. Raleigh, 496 W. 

Limestone, p-o., Houston co., Ga., 67 s. w. 
Milledgeville, 724 W. 

Limestone, p-o., Hamilton co., Tenn., 144 s. 
E. Nashville, 5S1 W. 

Limestone Springs, p-o., Spartanburg dist., 
S. C, 93 N. w. Columbia, 450 W. 

Limestone Wells, p-o., Stokes co., N. C, 103 
w. N. w. Raleigh, 314 W. 

Livingston, p-t., York co.. Me., 70 s. w. Au- 
gusta, 541 W. Saco r. bounds it on the N. E., 
and Little Ossipee r. on the s. e. The soil is fer- 
tile. Incorporated in 1762. It has 7 stores, cap. 
$13,200 ; 1 fulling m., 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $15,070. 18 sch. 347 scholars. Pop. 
2,210. 



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347 



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Lincoln, county, Me. Situated in the s. part 
of the state, and contains 950 sq. ms. Watered 
by Kennebec, Sheepscot, Damariscotta, Muscon- 
gus, and St. George rs. The Atlantic bounds it 
on the s., having many inlets, forming many fine 
harbors. The soil is productive, but the principal 
attention is directed to commerce, the coasting 
trade, and the fisheries. Capitals, Wiscasset, 
Topsham, and Warren. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 39,904, sheep 71,473, swine 12,066 ; 
wheat 27,813 bush, produced, rye 10,534, Indian 
corn 104,863, barley 83,265, oats 42,320, potatoes 
1,143,407 ; 14 commercial houses in foreign trade, 
cap. $422,926 ; 385 stores, cap. $695,230 ; 13 lum- 
ber yards, cap. $71,050 ; cap. invested in fisheries, 
$187,906 ; 27 fulling m., 3 furnaces, 47 tanneries, 
2 potteries, 2 flouring m., 66 grist m., 178 saw m., 

1 paper fac, 4 printing offices, 1 bindery, 4 week- 
ly newspapers. Cap. in raanufac. $1,251,323. 1 
college, 17 students, 12 acad. 586 students, 360 
sch. 18,986 scholars. Pop. 63,517. 

Lincoln, county, N. C. Situated toward the 
w. part of the state, and contains 1,200 sq. miles. 
Great Catawba r. rims on its e. border. Watered 
by Little Catawba r. and its branches, and Dutch- 
man's and Buffalo crs., the last of which flows 
into Broad r. Capital, Lincolnton. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 26,573, sheep 18,099, swine 
45,833; wheat 185,373 bu.sh. produced, rye 6,810, 
oats 84,324, potatoes 42,860, tobacco 25,000 pounds, 
cotton 1,479,396; 30 .stores, cap. $175,500 ; 1 full- 
ing m., 1 cotton fac. 1,284 sp., 20 tanneries, 356 
distilleries, 3 potteries, 56 flouring m., 90 grist m., 
75 saw m., 7 oil m., 1 paper fac, 2 printing offices, 

2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $89,760. 
5 acad. i62 students, 80 sch. 1,925 scholars. Pop. 
whites 19,658, slaves 5,386, free col'd 116 ; total, 
25,160. 

Lincoln, county, Ga. Situated toward the n. 
E. part of the state, and contains 220 sq. ms. Sa- 
vannah r. runs on its n. e. border, and Little r. on 
its s. border. Watered by Fishing and Soap crs., 
which flow into the Savannah. Capital, Lincoln- 
ton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,039, sheep 
2,130, swine 19,951; wheat 14,148 bush, prod., 
Ind. corn 97,187, oats 23,484, potatoes 3,633, cot- 
ton 3,206,799 poimds ; 7 stores, cap. $19,3t)0 ; 3 
acad. 125 students, 12 sch. 362 schol's. Pop. whites 
2,527, slaves 3,339, free colored 29 ; total, 5,895. 

Lincoln, county, Tenn. Situated in the s. 
part of the state, and contains 650 sq. ms. Drain- 
ed by Elk r. and its branches. Capital, Fayette- 
ville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 20,718, 
sheep 22,058, supine 98,665 ; wheat 104,557 bush, 
produced, rye 8,805, Indian corn 1,436,575, oats 
239,896, potatoes 29,029, tobacco 21,182 pounds, 
cotton 484,518, sugar 19,381 ; 21 stores, capital 
$111,000; 1 cotton fac. 126 sp., 14 tanneries, 87 
distilleries, 12 flouring m., 40 grist m., 22 saw rn., 
1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in 
manufac. $92,324. 4 acad 135 students, 41 sch. 
1,244 scholars. Pop. whites 17,217, slaves 4,221, 
free col'd 55 ; total, 21,493. 

Lincoln, county, Ky. Situated a little e. of 
the centre of the state, and contains 432 sq. miles. 
Drained by Dick's r. and its branches, tributary 
of Kentucky r., and by head branches of Green 
r. The surface is an elevated table land. Capi- 
tal, Stanford. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
14,445, sheep 17,544, swine 23,525 ; wheat 38,885 
bush, produced, rye 21,981, Indian com 455,230, 
oats 95,927, potatoes 11,017, sugar 9,834 pounds ; 
8 stores, cap. .$60,200 ; 7 tanneries, 4 distilleries, 
5 flouring m., 5 grist m., 3 saw m., 3 oil m. Cap. 
in manufac. $45,476. 3 acad. 150 students, 5 sen. 
153 scholars. Pop. whites 6,582, slaves 3,450, 
free cord 155 ; total, 10,187. 



Lincoln, county. Mo. Situated in the e. part 
of the state, and contains 576 sq. ms. Drained 
by Cuivre r. and its branches. Capital, Troy. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 10,066, sheep 
8,198, swine 22,800; wheat 27,321 bush, prod., 
Ind. corn 347,225, oats 48,382, potatoes 12,566, 
tobacco 549,659 pounds, sugar 18,063 ; 23 stores, 
cap. $120,440 ; 5 tanneries, 10 distilleries, 5 flour- 
ing m., 22 grist m., 13 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in 
manufac. $114,795. 1 acad. 72 students, 11 sch. 
277 scholars. Pop. wliitcs 5,873, slaves 1,572, free 
col'd 4 ; total, 7,449. 

Lincoln, p-t., Penobscot co.. Me., 117 n. n. e. 
Augusta, 712 W. Penobscot r. bounds it on the 
N. w. Watered by Matanaucook r. The soil is 
very fertile. It has 6 stores, cap. $7,500 ; 1 tan- 
nery, 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufactures 
$900. 11 sch. 401 scholars. Pop. 1.121. 

Lincoln, p-t., Grafton co., N. H., 62 n. by w. 
Concord, 543 W. The surface is mountainous. 
Drained by Pemigewasset r. and its branch, Mer- 
rimac r. It has 3 schools, 34 scholars. Pop. 76. 

Lincoln, p-t., Addison co., Vt., 55 s. w. !?iIont- 
pelier, 495 W. Chartered in 1780, but not set- 
tled until 1790. The surface is uneven. Water- 
ed by New Haven r., and a branch of Mud r. 
Settled originally by Friends, who have a church. 
It has 1 store, cap. $3,000 ; 3 forges, 7 saw m. 
Capital in manufac. $3,500. 8 sch. 310 scholars. 
Pop. 770. 

Lincoln, p-t., Middlesex co., Mass., 16 w. by 
N. Boston, 434 W. The surface is uneven and 
rough ; soil, various, from the poorest to the best. 
Bounded w. by Sudbury r., a branch of Concord 
r. Drained by a branch of Charles r., issuing 
from a pond near its centre. It contains 1 Con- 
gregational church, 2 stores, 2 grist m., 3 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $1,000. 4 sch. 200 scholars. 
Pop. 686. 

Lincoln, p-t, Delaware co., O., 44 n. Colum- 
bus, 405 W. It has 6 sch. 106 scholars. Pop. 
549. 

Lincoln, p-v., Macoupin co.. III., 59 s. by w. 
Springfield, 799 W. Situated near the head of 
Wood r. 

Lincoln, p-v, Yazoo co.. Miss., 40 n. w. 
Jackson, 1,029 W. Situated on the e. side of 
Yazoo r. 

Lincoln Centre, p-o., Lincoln t., Penobscot 
CO., Me., 119 N. e. Augusta. 714 W. 

Lincolnton, p-v., capital of Lincoln co., N. 
C, 172 w. by s. Raleigh. 409 W. Situated on 
the E. side of Little Catawba r. It contains 3 
churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Lutheran, and 1 
3Ielhodist — 2 academies, 9 stores, 85 dwellings, 
and 836 inhabitants. There are several impor- 
tant mills and manufactures of cotton, iron, and 
paper, in the vicinity. 

Lincolnton, p-v., capital of Lincoln co., Ga., 
98 N. E. Milledgeville, 566 W. It contains a 
court house, jail, a Baptist church, several stores, 
and about 15 dwellings. 

Lincolnville, p-t., Waldo co.. Me., 10 s. 
Belfast, 49 E. by s. Augusta, 633 W. Penobscot 
r. is on its e. border. There is a large pond on 
its s. w. border, from which flows ]>Iegunticook 
r. It has a fine harbor in its n. part, called Duck 
Trap, where ducks were formerly found and 
killed in great numbers. It has considerable 
coasting trade. The t. contains 10 stores, cap. 
$4,300 ; 1 fullhig m., 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 7 savv' 
m. Cap. in manufac. $12,167. ] acad. 30 stu- 
dents, 15 sch. 723 scholars. Pop. 2,048. 

Linden, p-o., Genesee co., N. Y., 250 w. by 
N. Albany, 368 W. 

Linden, p-v., capital of Marengo co., Ala., 80 
s. by w. Tuscaloosa, 892 W. Situated on the 



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348 



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s. side of Chickasaw bogue cr., and 8 ms. E. of 
Tombigbee r. It contains a court house, and 
several stores and dweUings. 

Linden, p-o., Clark co., Miss., 155 E. by s. 
Jackson, 966 W. 

Lindley's p-c, Ohio co., Ky., 166 w. s. w. 
Frankfort, 708 W. 

Lindley's Mills, p-o., Washington co., Pa., 
233 w. Harrisburg, 247 W. 

Lindley's Store, p-o., Orange co., N. C, 47 
N. w. Raleigh, 305 W. 

Lindley, t., Steuben co., N. Y., 25 s. e. Bath, 
221 e. s. e. Albany. The surface is liilly ; soil, 
clay and sandy loam. Drained by Tioga r. 
The Corning and Blossburg railroad passes 
through the t. It has 2 stores, cap. $18,000 ; 1 
grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $19,855. 3 
sch. 135 scholars. Pop. 63S. 

LiNDLEYTOWN, p-o., Lindley t., Steuben co., 
N. Y., 229 w. by s. Albany, 270 W. 

LiNDSEY, t., Benton co., Mo. It has 1 sch. 30 
scholars. Pop. 811. 

LiNDSAYViLLE, p-o., WilsoH CO., Tenn., 23 e. 
Nashville, 669 W. 

LiNDSAYViLLE, p-v., Oswcgo CO., N. Y., 174 
w. N. w. Albany, 400 W. 

Line Creek, p-o., Greenville dist., S. C, 100 
N. w. by w. Columbia, 525 W. 

Line Creek, p-o., Montgomery co., Ala., 138 
s. E. Tuscaloosa, 839 W. 

Line Lexington, p-v., Bucks co.. Pa., 93 e. 
Harrisburg, 162 W. It lies partly in 3 towns and 
2 counties, and contains 12 or 14 dwellings. 

Line Mills, p-o., Crawford co., Pa., 249 n. w. 
by w. Harrisburg, 315 W. 

Line Store, p-o.. Hinds co.. Miss., 22 s. by 
w. Jackson, 1,032 W. 

LiNGLESTOWN, p-v., Lower Paxton t., Dauphin 
CO., Pa., 8 N. N. E. Harrisburg, 118 W. It con- 
tains a Lutheran church, 2 stores, and about 25 
dwellings. 

LiNKLAEN, p-t., Chenango co., N. Y., 122 w. 
Albany, 336 W. The surface is undulating; 
soil, argillaceous loam. Drained by branches of 
Ostelic r. It has 1 store, cap. $1,400 ; 1 fulling 
m., 2 tanneries, 4 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. 
$3,150. 9 sch. 354 scholars. Pop. 1,249. 

Linn, county, Iowa. Situated in the w. part 
of the ter., and contains 720 sq. ms. Organized 
in 1837. Drained by Wabesipinica r. and Buf- 
falo cr., and Cedar fork of Iowa r. The surface 
is gently undulating; soil, very fertile. Capital, 
Marion. There were in 1840, neat cattle 1,491, 
sheep 259, swine 2,523 ; wheat 5,908 bush, pro- 
duced, Ind. corn 24,654, oats 2,993, potatoes 
5,669, sugar 4,804 pounds ; 6 stores, cap. $15,300 ; 
4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,005. 1 sch. 12 
scholars. Pop. 1,373. 

Linn, county. Mo. Situated toward the n. 
part of the stale, and contains 588 sq. ms. Drain- 
by Locust and Yellow creeks. Capital, Linneus. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 2,434, sheep 
1,219, swhie 6,076 ; wheat 2,834 bush, produced, 
Ind. corn 47,175, oats 4,584, potatoes 1,600, to- 
bacco 7,012 pounds ; 4 stores, cap. 1,806. Pop. 
whites 2,102, slaves 143 ; total, 2,245. 

Linneus, p-t., Aroostook co.. Me., 8 s. w. 
Houlton, 190 N. N. E. Augusta, 785 W. Drained 
by a branch of Matawamkeag r. Incorporated 
in 1837. The soil is fertile. It has 1 grist m., 1 
saw m., 2 sch. 134 scholars. Pop. 311. 

Linneus, p-v., capital of Linn co., Mo., 136 n. 
w. by N. Jefferson city, 1,030 \V. 

Linnville, p-v.. Bowling Green t.. Licking co., 
O., 35 E. Columbus, 358 W. Situated on the 
national road, and contains 1 church, 2 stores, 
25 dwellings, and about 150 inhabitants. 



Linnville, p-v., Jefferson co.. Mo., 112 e' 
Jefferson city, 851 W. 

Linnville Creek, p-o., Rockingham co., Va., 
136 N. w. Richmond, 135 W. 

Linnville River, p-o., Burke co., N. C, 209 
w. Raleigh, 439 W. 

Linton, t., Coshocton co., O. Organized in 
1811, and contains the v. of Plainfield. Tliere 
are 1 store, cap. $2,000 ; 1 flouring m., 1 saw m. 
Pop. 1,196. 

Linton, p-o., Greene co., la., 87 s. w. Indian- 
apolis, 654 W. 

LioNviLLE, p-v., Chester co., Pa., 71 e. by s. 
Harrisburg, 127 W. 

LiroNA, p-o., Jefferson co., Flor., 15 e. Talla- 
hassee, 911 W. 

LippiT, p-o., Kent co., R. I., 11 Providence, 
401 W. 

Lisco.mb's, p-o., Orange co., N. C, 36 n. w. 
Raleigh, 278 W. 

LisDON, p-t., Lincoln co.. Me., 33 s. s. w. Augus- 
ta, 572 W. Androscoggin r. runs on its s. w. 
border, and has here considerable falls. A 
bridge crosses the r. to Durham. It has 2 fulling 
m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 6 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $3,600. 11 sch. 439 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,532. 

Lisbon, p-t., Graflon co., N. H., 89 n. n. w 
Concord, 534 W. Watered by Great Ammonoo- 
suc r. and its branches. The soil on the streams 
is fertile, but in other parts various. Iron ore and 
limestone are founcl. It has 4 stores, cap. 
$18,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 
2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $168,750. 
13 sch. 687 scholars. Pop. 1,682. 

Lisbon, pt.. New London co., Ct., 7 n. Nor- 
wich, 43 s. E. Hartford, 361 W. The surface is 
uneven and hilly ; soil, gravelly loam, with some 
alluvial soil on the rs. Watered by Quinnebaug 
and Shetucket rivers, which imite at its s. part, 
taking the name of the latter. It has 2 parishes, 
with each a Congregational church. It has 3 
store.*!, cap. $2,600 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 
1 cotton fac 1,036 sp., 1 tannery, 2 grist ra., 6 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac $20,400. 9 sch. 345 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,052. 

Lisbon, p-t., St. Lawrence co., N. Y., 10 w. 
Canton, 218 n. n. w. Albany, 485 W. The surface 
is undulating ; soil, fertile loam. Drained by 
Grass r. St. Lawrence r. bounds it on the n. w. 
It has 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,360. 23 
sch. 796 scholars. Pop. 3,508. 

Lisbon, p-v., Anne Arundel co., Md., 56 n. w. 
Annapolis, 60 W. 

Lisbon, p-o., Clermont co., O., 109 s. w. Co- 
lumbus, 480 W. 

Lisbon, p-v., Bedford co., Va., 150 w. by s. 
Richmond, 225 W. 

Lisbon, p-v.. La Salle co., 111., 154 n. n. e. 
Springfield, 772 W. 

Lisbon, v., capital of Calcasieu par.. La. Situa- 
ted on the E. side of Calcasieu r. It contains 1 
store. 

Lisburn, p-v., Cumberland co.. Pa., 9 s. w. 
Harrisburg, 107 W. Situated on Yellow Breech- 
es cr. 

Lisburn, p-v., Sampson co., N. C, 113 s. s. e 
Raleigh, 343 W. 

Lisle, p-t., Broome co., N. Y., 133 w. s. w. 
Albany, 310 W. The surface is undulating ; soil, 
clay and sandy loam. Drained by Toughnioga 
r. and its tributaries. It has 6 stores, cap. 
$17,000 ; 2 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 10 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,150. 11 sch. 542 
scholars. Pop. 1,560. 

Lisle, p-v.. Gasconade co., Mo., 10 s. E. Jef- 
ferson city, 926 W. 



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LiSTON, p-0., Wabash co., la. 

Litchfield, county, Ct. Situated in the n. w. 
part of the state, and contains 835 sq. ms. The 
surface is elevated, and in some parts mountain- 
ous ; soil, generally gravelly loam, and fertile. 
Watered by Housatonic r. and its branches, and 
branches of Naugatuck and Farmuigton rivers, 
which afTord extensive water power. Iron ore is 
found in Salisbury and Kent, and extensively 
manufactured. Capital, Litchfield. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 52,749, sheep 119,990, swine 
30,421 ; wheat 23,574 bush, produced, rye 128,143, 
Ind. corn 219,278, buckwheat 59,625, oats 316,687, 
"potatoes 568,880, silk cocoons 755 pounds, sugar 
42,354; 131 stores, cap. $576,930; 14 furnaces, 
36 forges, cap. employed .$413,500 ; 34 fuUingm., 
18 woollen fac, 5 cotton fac. 6,334 sp., 49 tanne- 
ries, 6 distilleries, 49 grist m., 139 saw m., 1 oil m., 
2 paper fac, 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspa- 
pers. Cap. in manufac. $994,247. 12 acad. 480 
students, 282 sch. 9,667 scholars. Pop. 40,448. 

Litchfield, p-t., Kennebec co.. Me., 11 s. s. 
w. Augusta, 5S4 W. Watered by branches of 
Cobbeseconte r., which runs on its n. e. border, 
proceeding from a large pond in the .\. w. part of 
the t. The soil is fertile. It has 6 stores, cap. 
§6,600; 3 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$3,558. 17 sch. 952 scholars. Pop. 2,293. 

Litchfield, t., Hillsboro' co., N. H., 30 s. by 
E. Concord. Situated on the e. side of Merrimac 
r., across which are 2 ferries. Tlie soil is fertile. 
Organized in 1734. It has 2 stores, cap. $15,000 ; 

1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,495. 
5 sch. 161 scholars. Pop. 480. 

Litchfield, p-t., capital of Litchfield co., Ct., 
100 N. N. E. New York, 32 w. Hartford, 326 W. 
The surface is uneven ; soil, a strong gravelly 
loam, well adapted to grazing. Incorporated in 
1724. Watered by head branches of Shepaug 
and Naugatuck rivers, which afford w ater power. 
In its s. w. part is the largest pond in the state, 
containing 900 acres. The v. is pleasantly situ- 
ated on the summit of a hill, principally built on 

2 streets, crossing each other at right angles, at 
the intersection of which is a handsome square. 
It contains a neat court house, jail, 1 Congrega- 
tional and 1 Episcopal church, a female acade- 
my, one of the oldest, and long the most celebra- 
ted in the state, a branch of the Phcenix Bank of 
Hartford, 2 printing offices, 80 dwellings, and 
about 500 inhabitants. A law school was estab- 
lished here in 1784, by Hon. Tapping Reeve, 
with whom was afterwards as.sociated the Hon. 
James Gould, which was long the most celebrated 
in the United States, and which has been discon- 
tinued since the death of its distinguished con- 
ductors. Many of the principal civilians in the 
United States have been educated at this school. 
The V. was incorporated in 1718. There are 
several other parishes in the t., with villages and 
churches. South Farms, in the s. part of the t., 
contains a Congregational church and an acade- 
my. There are in the t., 21 stores, cap. $67,000 ; 
7 fulling m., 5 woollen fac, 6 tanneries, 1 forge, 1 
paper fac, 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspa- 
pers, 6 grist m., 4 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $57,550. 3 acad. 65 students, 31 sch. 940 
scholars. Pop. 4,038. 

Litchfield, p-t., Herkimer co., N. Y., 83 w. 
N. w. Albany, 337 W. The surface is hilly ; 
soil, calcareous loam. Watered by head branch- 
es of Unadilla r., and other streams, flowing into 
Mohawk r. It has 4 stores, cap. $11,000 ; 3 tan- 
neries, 1 distillery, 2 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $69,275. 11 sch. 455 scholars. Pop. 
1,672. 

Litchfield, p-t., Bradford co., Pa., 156 n. 



Harrisburg, 266 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, 
gravelly loam. Watered by branches of Wepas- 
sining creek. It has 1 grist m., 11 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $7,420. 5 sch. 245 scholars. Pop. 
817. 

Litchfield, p-t., Medina co., O., 113 n. e. by 
N. Columfeus, 360 W. It has 2 stores, capital 
.$3,500 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $8,300. 6 sch. 245 scholars. Pop. 
737. 

Litchfield, p-t., Hillsdale co., Mich. The 
soil is fertile, well adapted to grain. It has 1 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $3,000. 3 sch. 112 schol- 
ars. Pop. 691. 

Litchfield, p-v., capital of Grayson co., Ky., 
lOD s. w. by w. Frankfort, 651 W. It contains a 
court house and several dwellings. 

Litchfield Corners, p-o., Kennebec co., 
Me., 15 s. by w. Augusta, 530 W. 

LiTHGOvv, p-o., Washington t., Dutchess co., 
N. Y., 75 s. Albany, 319 W. 

LiTHOPOLis, p-v., Bloom t., Fairfield co., O., 
17 s. E. Columbus, 388 W. Situated on elevated 
ground, and contains 1 church, 6 stores, 40 dwel- 
lings, and about 250 inhabitants. 

LiTiz, p-v., Warwick t., Lancaster co., Pa., 45 
E. by s. Harrisburg, 119 W. Settled by Moravi- 
ans, and contains 1 church, several stores, a sem- 
inary for young ladies, and about 80 dwellings. 

Little Beaver, t., Beaver co.. Pa. The sur- 
face is rolling ; soil, a fertile calcareous loam. 
Drained by a branch of Little Beaver cr. It has 
6 stores, cap. $23,720 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen 
fac, 4 tanneries, 1 pottery, 4 grist m., 5 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $38,550. 7 sch. 244 scholars. 
Pop. 1,254. 

Little Be.wer Bridge, p-o., Columbiana co., 
O., 161 N. E. by E. Columbus, 268 W. 

Little Blue River, p-o., Shelby co., la., 36 
s. E. Indianapolis, 554 W. 

Little Britaln, p-o., Hamptonburg t. Or- 
ange CO., N. Y., 98 s. by w. Albany, 286 W. 

Little Britain, t., Lancaster co.. Pa., 20 s. 
E. Lancaster. The surface is undulating; soil, 
clay. Watered by Octarara cr. and its branches, 
and Conewingo cr. It has 10 stores, cap. $24,500 ; 
1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 5 tanneries, 8 flour- 
ing m., 9 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$39,400. 9 sch. 360 scholars. Pop. 3,042. 

Little Cahaba, p-o., Jefferson co., Ala., 75 n. 
E. Tuscaloosa, 742 W. 

Little Co.mpton, p-t., Newport co., R. I., 38 
s. s. E. Providence. Situated at the e. entrance 
of Narraganset bay, having the Atlantic on the s. 
The suriiace is diversified ; soil, a fertile loam. 
Settled in 1674. It has a Congregationalist and 
a Friends church, 6 stores, cap. $21,700; 1 tan- 
nery. Cap. in manufac. $1,500. 7 sch. 144 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,327. 

Little Creek, h., Kent co., Del. It has 6 
stores, cap. $11,800; 1 lumber yard, cap. $300; 
('ap. in manufac. $2,750. 3 sch. 224 scholars. 
Pop. 2,050. 

Little Creek, h., Sussex co., Del. It has 
13 stores, cap. $25,700; 1 forge, 4 tanneries, 11 
grist m., 23 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $23,925. 
1 acad. 53 students, 10 sch. 274 scholars. Pop. 
2,973. 

Little Chucky, p-o., Greene co., Tenn. 

Little Crossings, p-o., Alleghany co., Md., 
189 w. N. w. Annapolis, 157 W. 

Little Falls, p-t., Herkimer co., N. Y., 91 
w. N. w. Albany, 390 W. The surface is hilly 
and mountainous ; soil, sandy and argillaceous 
loam. Fine quartz crystals are found here. Wa- 
tered by Mohawk r., on the s. side of which runs 
the Erie canal, and on the n. side, the Utica and 



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350 



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Schenectady railroad. The v. is situated on both 
sides of the Mohawk r., in a most romantic situa- 
tion, and contains 5 churclies — 1 Presbyterian, 1 
Episcopal, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, and 1 Roman 
Catholic — an academy, 2 printing offices, 1 bank, 
30 stores and groceries, 1 woollen fac, 3 paper 
m., 3 flouring m., 2 plaster m., 1 trip-hammer 
works, 4 furnaces, 1 machine shop, 1 distillery, I 
brewery, 1 fulling m., and I sash fac. The river 
here has a fall of 42 feet in half a mile, affording 
great water power. The Erie canal has a feeder, 
which crosses the r. in a fine aqueduct, 214 feet 
long and 16 wide, with walls 14 feet high, upheld 
by one arch of 70 feet span, and two others of 50 
feet each. The canal passed the brow of a moun- 
tain here, which reached to the border of the r., 
by expensive digging and embankment. In wi- 
dening the canal, more ample room is obtained by 
occupying a part of the bed of the r., between an 
island and the s. bank. There are in the t., 34 
stores, cap. $88,500 ; 3 furnaces, 2 forges, 1 fulling 
m., 4 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 brewery, 3 paper 
fac, 2 printing offices, 1 weekly newspaper, 1 
periodical, 1 flouring m., 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $166,850. 8 sch. 810 scholars. Pop. 
3,881. 

Little Falls, p-v., Passaic co., N. J., 79 n. 
IE. by N. Trenton, 245 W. The Passaic r. here 
has a fall of 33 feet, affording a great water power. 
It contains 4 stores, 2 cotton fac. with 2,400 sp., 
1 grist m., 3 saw mills, and about 50 dwellings. 
The Morris canal here crosses the r. by an aque- 
duct. 

Little Fort, p-v., capital of Lake co., 111. It 
is situated on the w. shore of Lake Michigan. 

Little Genesee, p o., Genesee t., Alleghany 
CO., N. Y., 288 w. by s. Albany, 309 W. 

Little Gunpowder, p-o., Baltimore co., Md., 
46 N. by E. Annapolis, 56 W. 

Little Hockhocking, p-o., Decatur t., Wash- 
ington CO., O., 107 E. s. E. Columbus, 314 W. 

Little Level, p-o., Pocahontas co., Va., 217 
w. N. w. Richmond, 252 W. 

Little Mahanov, t., Northumberland co., Pa. 
It has 1 store, cap. $1,700 ; 1 tannery, 1 distille- 
ry, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $11,300. 

1 sch. 33 scholars. Pop. 213. 

Little Marsh, p-o., Tioga co., Pa., 160 n. by 
w. Harrisburg, 274 W. 

Little Meadows, p-o., Susquehanna co., Pa., 
199 N. N. E. Harrisburg, 289 W.. 

Little Mill Creek, p-o., Delaware co., O., 
36 N. Columbus, 420 W. 

Little Muddy, p-o., Franklin co.. 111., 154 s. 
s. E. Springfield, 826 W. 

Little Osage, p-o.. Bates co., Mo., 158 w. s. 
w. Jefferson City, 1,094 W. Situated at the 
junction of Little Osage and Marmetou rivers. 

Little Piney, p-o., Pulaski co., Mo., 90 s. 
Jefferson City, 965 W. Situated at the jmiction 
of Little Piney with Gasconade r. 

Little Plymouth, p-v.. King and Queen co., 
Va., 60 E. by n. Richmond, 148 W. It contains 

2 stores, a female seminary, 2 coach fac, 8 dwell- 
ings, and about 60 inhabitants. 

Little Prairie, p-o., Crawford co., Mo., 73 
s. e. Jefferson City, 945 W. 

Little Prairie, t., New Madrid co., Mo. It 
has 1 sch. 35 scholars. Pop. 436. 

Little Prairie Ronde, p-o., Cass co., Mich., 
166 w. by s. Detroit, 623 W. 

Little, r., forms part of the boundary between 
N. C. and S. C, and runs into the Pedee. 

Little, r., Ga., flows into the Savannah, 30 
ms. above Augusta. 

Little, r., Ky. runs into the e. side of Cum- 
berland r. 



Little, r., la., flows into the Wabash above 
Vincennes. 

Little River, po., Caldwell co., N. C, 172 
w. Raleigh, 410 W. 

Little River, p-o., Horry dist., S. C, 224 E. 
Columbia, 440 W. 

Little River, p-o., Columbia co., Florida. 

Little River Village, p-o., Lincoln co., 
Me., 25 s. Augusta, 570 W. 

Little Rock, city, and capital of Pulaski co., 
and of the state of Arkansas, 1,065 Washington 
City. Situated on the s. bank of Arkansas r., 
300 ms. above its mouth, by the course of the r. 
It is situated on a high rocky bluff, from 150 to 
200 feet above the r., and is the first place in 
which rocks occur above its mouth. It is regu- 
larly laid out, and contains a state house, court 
house, jail, 5 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Epis- 
copal, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, and 1 Roman Cath- 
olic — 2 banking houses, a theatre, an academy, a 
U. S. arsenal, a U. S. land office, a penitentiary, 
21 stores, 2 steam saw and grist m., 2 printing 
offices, 500 dwellings, and 2,500 inhabitants. 
First settled in 1820. 

Little Rock, p-o., Kane co., HI., 192 n. n. e. 
Springfield, 769 W. 

Little Sandusky, p-v., Pitt t., Crawford co., 
O., 56 N. Columbus, 419 W. Situated on Little 
Sandusky cr., one mile above its entrance into 
Sandusky r. It contains 3 stores, 30 dwellings, 
and about 200 inhabitants. 

Little Sodus, p-o.. Sterling t., Cayuga co., 
N. Y., 181 vv. by N. Albany, 364 W. 

Littlestown, p-v., Adams co.. Pa., 42 s. w. 
Harrisburg, 77 W. 

Littleton, p-t., Grafton co., N. H., 83 n. n. 
w. Concord, 544 W. Situated on the e. side of 
Connecticut r., which, opposite to the t., passes 
down the rapids, denominated Fifteen Mile falls, 
extending to Bath. These rapids are impassable 
by boats. There are 3 bridges over the Con- 
necticut here. Ammonoosuck r. passes through 
the s. e. part of the t. Incorporated in 1784. 
The v. is situated at the falls on this r. The t. 
has 4 stores, cap. $19,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 
6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $37,100. 

Littleton, p-t., Middlesex co., Mass., 26 w. 
N. w. Boston, 426 W. Stony r., a branch of Mer- 
rimac r., runs on its n. w. border, and in the s. 
part are 2 considerable ponds. Watered by 
Beaver branch of Concord r. Incorporated in 
1715. The soil is tolerably fertile. It has 4 
stores, cap. $6,500 ; 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 2 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $4,800. 6 sch. 303 schol- 
ars. Pop. 927. 

Littleton, p-o., Sussex co., Va., 53 s. by e. 
Richmond, 172 W. 

Littleton, p-v., Halifax co., N. C, 78 n. e. 
by E. Raleigh, 210 W. 

Little Valley, p-t., Cattaraugus co., N. Y., 
300 w. by s. Albany, 342 W. The surface is 
hilly and broken ; soil, various. Watered by 
Alleghany r. and its branches. It has 3 stores, 
cap. ,$7,000; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 7 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $20,502. 4 sch. 205 scholars. 
Pop. 700. 

Littleville, v., Avon t., Livingston co., N. 
Y. It contains 1 Congregational church, 1 store, 
2 grist m., 2 saw m., 20 dwellings, and about 100 
inhabitants. 

Little Yadkin, p-o., Stokes co., N. C, 137 
w. N. w. Raleigh, 330 W. 

Little Yadkin, r. (See Yadkin r.) 

Little York, p-o., Homer t., Cortland co., N. 
Y., 131 w. Albany, 321 W. 

Little York, p-o., Hunterdon co., N. J. 



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351 



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Little York, no., Butler t., Montgomery co., 
O., 75 w. by s. Columbus, 468 W. 

Little York, p-o., Washington co., la., 89 s. 
Indianapolis, 594 W. 

Little York, p-o., Warren co., 111., 131 n. 
w. Springfield, 861 W. 

LiTWALTON, p-o., Lancaster co., Va. 

Lively, p-o., St. Clair co., 111., 113 s. Spring- 
field, 822 W. 

LivERMORE, p-t., Oxford CO., Me., 30 w. Au- 
gusta, 596 W. Situated on both sides of Andros- 
coggin r., which affords water power. Incor- 
porated in 1715. It has villages on the r. It 
contains 9 stores, cap. $13,000 ; 2 fulling m., 2 
tanneries, 3 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$5,050. 22 sch. 1,146 scholars. Pop. 2,745. 

LivERMORE, p-o., Westmoreland co.. Pa., 176 
w. Harrisburg, 204 W. 

LivERMORE, p-o., Ohio CO., Ky., 169 w. s. w. 
Frankfort, 711 W. 

LivERMORE Centre, p-o., Liverraore t., Ox- 
ford CO., Me., 24 w. Augusta, 600 W. 

LivERMORE Falls, p-o., Livermore t., Oxford 
CO., Me., 26 w. Augusta, 604 W. 

Liverpool, p-v., Salina t., Onondaga co., N. 
Y., 136 w. by n. Albany, 353 W. Situated on 
Onondaga lake, and contains 1 church, 10 stores, 
150 dwellings, and about 1,000 inhabitants. It 
has saline springs belonging to the state, which 
produced in 1840, 802,954 bushels of fine salt. 
The Oswego canal passes through the place. 

LivERX'ooL, p-b., and t., Perry co.. Pa., 29 n. 
by w. Harrisburg, 139 W. The surface is hilly ; 
soil, gravel and slate on the hills, and calcareous 
loam in the valleys. Susquehanna r. bounds it 
on the E. The v. is situated at the mouth of a 
cr., on the w. bank of the Susquehanna r., where 
are extensive iron works, and contains 4 stores, 
2 sch. 103 scholars, and 451 inhabitants. Tliere 
are in the t. 3 stores, cap. $9,000 ; 1 fulUng m., 1 
woollen fac, 1 tannery, 2 distilleries, 6 flouring 
m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $23,188. 5 
sch. 198 scholars. Pop. 763. 

Liverpool, t., Columbiana co., O. It has 5 
sch. 151 scholars. Pop. 1,096. 

Liverpool, p-t., Medina co., O., 125 n. e. by 
N. Columbus, 356 W. It has a fertile soil. Wa- 
tered by llocky r. and its branches. It contains 
several churches. It has a sulphur spring, a rich 
petroleum spring, salt springs, and iron ore. 
There are in the t. 2 stores, cap. $3,500 ; 1 full- 
ing m., 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 2 grist m., 3 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $4,900. 3 sch. 126 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,500. 

Liverpool, p-v.. Lake co., la., 162 n. n. w. 
Indianapolis, 706 W. Situated on the s. side of 
Deep r., a branch of Calumic r. 

Livingsto.v, county, N. Y. Situated central- 
ly toward the w. part of the state, and contains 
509 sq. ms. Drained by Genesee r. and ( 'aiiase- 
raga cr. The soil is fertile, particularly on the 
streams. Gypsum and bog iron ore are found, 
and salt and sulphur springs. The latter, at Avon, 
are particularly celebrated. Capital, Geneseo. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 29,>i49, sheep 
163,395, swine 37,856 ; wheat 823,050 bush, pro- 
duced, rye 3,624, Ind. corn 184,730, buckwheat 
26,488, bariey 84.276, oats 305,619, potatoes 
348,369, sugar 119,438 pounds; 121 stores, cap. 
$446,120 ; 12 furnaces, 14 fulling m., 4 woollen 
fac, 2 rope fac, 13 tanneries, 8 distilleries, 2 
breweries, 1 pottery, 6 flouring m., 26 grist m., 
66 saw m., 1 oil m., 4 paper fac, 4 printing ofllces, 
2 binderies, 4 weekly newspapers. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $515,051. 6 acad. 782 students, 178 sch. 
8,708 scholars. Pop. 35,140. 

Livingston, parish, La. Situated toward the 



s. E. part of iJie stale, and contains 730 sq. ras 
Amite r. runs on its w. and s. border into Lake 
Maurepas, which lies on its s. border. Lake 
Pontchartrain lies on its s. E. border. Watered 
by small rivers, which enter those lakes. Capi- 
tal, Springfield. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
4,361, sheep 829, swine 10,373 ; Ind. com 36,712 
bush, produced, oats 1,500, potatoes 20,497, rice 
83,930 pounds, cotton 250,445 ; 4 stores, cap. 
.$12,000; 1 tannery, 12 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $30,520. 1 acad. 60 students, 1 sen. 
71 scholars. Pop. whites 1,533, slaves 739, free 
col'd 43; total, 2,315. 

Livingston, county, Ky. Situated in the n. 
part of the state, and contains 330 sq. ms. Ohio 
r. runs on its w. border, Tennessee r. on its s. w. 
border, where it enters the Ohio. Cumberland 
r. passes through it, and here enters the Ohio. 
The surface is level or moderately uneven ; soil, 
fertile. Capital, Smithland. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 9,284, sheep 7,62.3, swine 29,035; 
wheat 27,748 bush, procluced, Ind. com 421,415, 
oats 50,140, potatoes 10,695, tobacco 1,222,500 
pounds; 1 forge; 19 stores, cap. $103,600"; 3 tan- 
neries, 4 distilleries, 9 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $24,650. 2 acad. 63 students, 10 
sch. 261 scholars. Pop. whites 7,338, slaves 
1,588, free col'd 99 ; total, 9,025. 

Livingston, county, Mich. Situated central- 
ly toward the e. part of the state, and contains 
576 sq. ms. Drained by Shiawassee r. on the n., 
Cedar r. on the vv., and Huron r. s. Surface, 
gently undulating; soil, very fertile. Iron ore 
is found in the s. e. part, and salines near the 
centre. Capital, Howell. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 7,931, sheep 1,903, swine 10,952; 
wheat 84,943 bush, produced, Ind. com 82,081, 
buckwheat 7,757, barley 3,623, oats 77,943, pota- 
toes 93,647 ; 12 stores, cap. $62,500 ; 3 flouring 
m., 5 grist m., 14 saw ra. Cap. in manufactures 
$36,200. 69 sch. 1,777 scholars. Pop. 7,430. 

Livingston, county. 111. Situated n. e. of the 
centre of the state, and contains 1,026 sq. ms. 
Drained by Vennilion r. and its branches. The 
surface is gently undulating ; soil, fertile. Capi- 
tal, Pontiac. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
1,015, sheep 1,112, swine 4,298; wheat 13,014 
busli. produced, Ind. corn 55,865, oats 14,920, po- 
tatoes 3,576, sugar 10,591 pounds; 1 store, 1 
woollen fac, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $5,900. 3 sch. 44 scholars. Population, 
759. 

Livingston, county. Mo. Situated toward 
the N. w. part of the state, and contains 510 sq. 
ms. The surface is level ; soil, very fertile. 
Watered by Grand r. and its branches. Capital, 
Chilicothe. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
5,639, sliecp 1,8-13, swine 17,925; wheat 1,768 
bush, produced, Ind. corn 135,598, oats 4,699, 
potatoes 3,587; 13 stores, cap. $29,000; 5 sch. 
90 scholars. Pop. whiles 4,082, slaves 241, free 
col'd 2 ; total, 4,325. 

Livingston, p-t., Columbia co., N. Y., 37 s. 
Albany, 334 W. The surface is diversified ; 
soil, clay, loam, and gravel. Drained by An- 
eram or RoeliflT Jansen's cr., flowing into the Hud- 
son, which bounds it on the w. It has 6 stores, 
cap. $6,000 ; 2 fulling in., 1 woollen fac, 2 fur- 
naces, 4 flouring m., 4 grist ra. Cap. in manufac. 
$37,100. 10 sch. 447 scholars. Pop. 2,190. 

Livingston, p-t., Essex co., N. J., 9 n. w. 
Newark, 58 n. e. Trenton, 224 W. The surface 
is mountainous or rolhng, excepting on the Pas- 
saic r., which flows on its w. border, where it is 
level. Watered by small branches of the Pas- 
saic The village contains 1 store, and 10 or 12 
dwellings. There are in the t. 3 stores, cap. 



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$1,450; 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,515. 5 
sch. 1.58 scholars. Pop. 1,081. 

Livingston, p-v., Livingston co., Mich., 46 w. 
N. w. Detroit^ 539 W. Situated on Woodruff cr., 
a branch of Huron r., which affords extensive 
water power. It contains 2 stores, and a large 
flouring m. It has a fine healthy location, in the 
midst of a fertile country. 

Livingston, p-v., capital of Sumpter co., Ala., 
68 s. w. Tuscaloosa, 886 W. Situated on the n. 
side of Sucarnochee r. It has a court house, and 
several dwellings. 

Livingston, p-v., Madison co.. Ark. 

Livingston, p-v., Madison co., Miss., 22 n. 
Jackson, 1,026 W. 

Livingston, p-v., Overton co., Term., 96 e. 
by N. Nashville, 608 W. 

Livingston, p-v., Clarke co., 111., 127 E. s. e, 
Springfield, 657 W. 

Livingstonville, p-v., Broome t, Schoharie 
CO., N., Y., 42 w. Albany, 369 W. It contains 
1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist church, 3 stores, 
1 saw m., and 20 dwellings. 

Livonia, p-t., Livingston co., N. Y., 8 e. Gen- 
eseo, 224 w. Albany, 353 W. The surface is 
rolling ; soil, fertile. Drained by the outlet of 
Hemlock lake, which flows into Conesus lake. 
It has 9 stores, cap. $21,800 ; 4 fulling m., 1 wool- 
len fac, 1 tannery, 2 distilleries, 2 flouring m., 1 
grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $57,274. 1 
acad. 140 students, 15 sch. 881 scholars. Pop. 
2,719. 

Livonia, p-t., Wayne co., Mich., 16 s. w. De- 
troit, 540 W. It has 1 store, cap. $5,000 ; 1 tan- 
nery, 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,485. 9 
sch. 266 scholars. Pop. 1,169. 

Livonia, p-v., Washington co., la., 104 s. In- 
dianapolis, 615 W. It contains about 100 in- 
habitants. 

LoAG, p-o., Chester co., Pa., 62 e. by s. Har- 
risburg, 136 W. 

LoBACHsviLLE, p-c, Berks co., Pa., 66 e. Har- 
risburg, 159 W. 

Lobdell's Store, p-o., West Baton Rouge 
parish, La. 

Location, p-o., Coweta co., Ga., 97 w. by n. 
Milledgeville, 719 W. 

Lock, p-o., Knox co., O., 56 n. e. Columbus, 
395 W. 

LocKBOURNE, p-v., Hamilton t., Franklin co., 
O., lis. Columbus, 404 W. 

Locke, p-t., Cayuga co., N. Y., 20 s. Auburn, 
155 w. Albany, 319 W. The surface is hilly ; 
soil, gravelly loam. Drained by Owasco inlet. 
It has 4 stores, cap. $18,000; 2 fulling m., 1 
woollen fac, 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 7 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $24,704 ; 12 sch. 516 scholars. 
Pop. 1,654. 

Lock Berlin, p-o., Galen t., Wayne co., N. 
Y., 180 w. by N. Albany. 

Locke's Mills, p-o., Oxford co.. Me., 60 w. 
Augusta, 604 W. 

Lockiiart's Store, p-o., Holmes co., Miss., 
71 N. Jackson, 988 W. 

Lock Haven, p-v., capital of Clinton co.. Pa., 
107 n. w. by N. Harrisburg, 199 W. Situated on 
the s. side of the Susquehanna r. It contains a 
court house, four stores, and about 150 inhabit- 
ants. 

LocKPORT, p-t., capital of Niagara co., N. Y., 
277 w. by n. Albany, 402 W. Tlie surface is 
equally divided by a terrace or range of hills, 
from which the streams flow n. to Lake Ontario, 
and s. into Tonavvanda cr The soil is a calca- 
reous and sandy loam. The v., incorporated in 
1827, is situated on the Erie canal, and contains 
a court house, jail, clerk's oflice, 12 churches— 2 



Presbyterian, 1 Congregational, 2 Episcopal, 1 
Baptist, 1 Methodist, 1 Lutheran, 2 Friends, 1 Ro- 
man Catholic, and 1 African— 2 banks, 2 female 
seminaries, 80 stores and groceries, 4 flouring m., 

1 grist m., 1 cotton fiiic. with 2,100 sp., 2 woollen 
fac, 9 saw m., 2 plough fac, 2 plaster m., 1 sash 
fac, 2 furnaces, 1 machine shop, 2 carriage fac, 

2 tanneries, and 1 fanning m. and threshing ma- 
chine fac, 800 dwellings, and about 6,500 in- 
habitants. An immense water power is here 
created by the surplus water of the Erie canal, 
which here rises 60 feet, by 5 double locks. A 
railroad proceeds from tliis place to Niagara falls 
and Buffalo. There are in the t. 1 commission 
house, cap. $500 ; 65 stores, cap. $209,830 ; 3 
tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 brewery, 1 pottery, 1 
paper fac, 4 printing offices, 1 bindery, 5 flouring 
m., 9 grist m., 45 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $268,010; 3 acad. 203 students, 29 sch. 
2,579 scholars. Pop. 9,125. 

LocKPORT, p-v., Erie co.. Pa., 260 n. w. by w. 
Harrisburg, 333 W. 

LocKPORT, p-v., Williams co., O., 170 n. w. 
Columbus, 501 W. Situated on the w. side of 
Tiffins r. 

LocKPORT, p-v., Wilson co., Tenn., 40 e. by 
N. Nashville, 655 W. Situated on the s. bank of 
Cumberland r. 

LocKPORT, p-v., Carroll co., la., 80 n. n. w. 
Indianapolis, 622 W. Situated on the n. side of 
Wabash r. 

LocKPORT, p-v.. Will CO., 111., 170 n. e. by n. 
Springfield, 747 W. Situated on the IlUnois and 
Michigan canal, at the termination of the lake 
level, 34i ms. from Chicago, where the canal has 
a fall, by 2 locks of 10 feet each, affording an ex- 
tensive water power, by the surplus water of tlie 
canal from Lake Michigan. The Des Plaines r. 
has a fall in the vicinity of 15 feet. The facili- 
ties for manufacturing are very great. 

LocKRiDE, p-o., Jefferson co., Iowa. 

Lock's Village, p-v., Franklin co., Mass., 79 
w. by N. Boston, 402 W. 

LocKwooD, p-v., Byram t., Sussex co., N. J., 
62 N. Trenton, 232 W. Situated on Lubber 
run. 

Locust Creek, p-o., Louisa co., Va., 33 n. w. 
Richmond, 97 W. 

LocasT Creek, I., Linn co.. Mo. Pop. 694. 

Locust Dale, p-o., Westmoreland co.. Pa., 
205 w. Harrisburg, 225 W. 

Locust Dale, p-o., Madi.son co., Va., 92 n. w. 
Richmond, 94 W. 

Locust Forest, p-o., Butler co., Ky., 151 s. 
w. Frankfort, 683 W. 

Locust Fork, p-o., Blount co., Ala., 85 n. e. 
Tuscaloosa, 749 W. 

Locust Grove, p-o.. Orange co., Va., 82 n. 
w. Richmond, 76 W. 

Locust Grove, p-o., Burke co., N. C, 217 w. 
Raleigh, 447 W. 

Locust Grove, p-o., Henry co., Ga., 65 w. n. 
w. Milledgeville, 670 W. 

Locust Grove, p-o., Calloway co., Ky. 

Locust Grove, p-o.. Weakly co., Tenn., 132 
w. Nashville, 818 W. 

Locust Grove, p-o., Adams co., O.. 90 s. by 
w. Columbus, 427 W. 

Locust Lane, p-o., Fayette co., Va., 253 w. 
Richmond, 290 W. 

Locust Hill, p-o., Wa.shingtort co.. Pa., 214 
w. Harrisburg, 241 W. 

Locust Mills, p-o.. Bracken co., Ky., 79 N. 
E. Frankfort, 493 W^ 

Locust Mount, p-o., Accomack co., Va. 

Locust Mount, p-o., Wasliington co., Tenn., 
279 E. Nashville, 419 W. 



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Locust Post, p-o., Union co., Ky., 231 w. s. 
w. Frankfort, 75G W. 

Locust Shade, n-o., Overton co., Tenn., 104 
E. Nashville, 617 W. 

Locust Tree, p-o., Niagara co., N. Y., 281 w. 
by N. Albany, 39y W. 

LocusTviLLE, p-o., Accomack co., Va. 

Loin, p-t., Seneca co., N. Y., 185 w. Albany, 
318 W. The surface is rolling; soil, clay loam. 
Seneca lake bounds it on the w., into wliich 
some of its streams flow ; others flow e. into 
Cayuga lake. The v. is elevated, and contains 
1 church, 4 stores, 50 dwellings, and about 400 
inhabitants. There are in the t. 6 stores, cap. 
$23,500 ; 3 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 
1 flouring m., 5 grist m., 8 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. 
in manufac. $3i),200. 15 sch. 670 scholars. Pop. 
2,236. 

LoDi, v., Cattaraugus co., N. Y. (See Persia.) 

LoDi. t., Bergen co., N. J., 5 s. w. Hackensack. 
The surface is level. Hackensack r. runs on its 
E. and s. E. border ; Passaic r. on its w. and s. 
w. border. Along the Passaic are many hand- 
some country seats. It has 1 store, cap. $1,000; 
1 dyeing and printing establishment, 3 grist m., 3 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $70,000. 2 ,sch. 52 
scholars. Pop. 687. 

LoDi, p-v., Harrisville t., Medina co., O., 114 
N. E. Columbus, 359 W. It contains 2 stores, 1 
flouring m., 15 dwellings, and about 100 inhabit- 
ants. 

LoDi, T„, Athens co. O. Situated on Shade r. It 
has 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,100. 
1 sch. 20 scholars. Pop. 754. 

LoDi, p-t., Washtenaw co., Mich., 43 vv. De- 
troit, 520 W. The soil is fertile, adapted lo grain. 
Pop. 1,077. 

LoDi, p-v., Abbeville dist., S. C, 74 w. Colum- 
bia, 520 W. 

LoDi, p-o., Coweta co., Ga., 114 w. by n. Mil- 
ledgeville, 718 W. 

LoDi, p-v., Jackson co., Tenn., 99 e. n. e. 
Nashville, 633 W. 

LoFTO.\',s Store, p-o., Butts cc, Ga., 50 w. 
Milledgeville, 658 W. 

Logan, county, Va. Situated in the western 
pq;-t of the state, and contains 2,930 sq. ms. The 
surface is uneven and broken. Drained by 
Guyandotte and Coal rs. Capital, Logan. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 5,431, sheep 2,454, 
swine 10,300; wheat 7,138 bush, produced, Ind. 
corn 870,930, oats 2S,404, potatoes 10,852, tobac- 
co 9,263 pounds, .sugar 5,946 ; 5 stores, capital 
$28,000 ; 7 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 5 flouring m., 
52 grist m., 4 saw m., 19 sch. 370 scholars. Pop. 
whites 4,159, slaves 150; total, 4,309. 

Logan, county, Ky. Situated in the s. toward 
the w. part of tiie state, and contains 600 sq. ms. 
The surface is a table land. Watered by tribu- 
taries of Green and Cumberland rivers. Capital, 
Kusselville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
3,019, sheep 4,824, swine 11,878; wheat 40,375 
bush, produced, rye 1,197, Ind. corn 205,440, oats 
65,510, potatoes 4,438, tobacco 393,597 pounds, 
cotton 24,597; 8 stores, cap. $32,800; 2 woolJen 
fac, 13 cotton fac. 180 sp., 1 tannery, 6 distiller- 
ies, 2 potteries, 4 flouring m., 1 1 grist m.. 7 saw 
m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $27,435. 4 acad. 
146 students, 15 sch. 389 scholars. Pop. whites 
8,479, slaves 4,826, free col'd 310; total, 13,615. 

Logan, county, C). Situated a little n. e. of 
the centre of the state, and contains 425 sq. ms. 
Watered by Miami r. and its branches. The sur- 
face is pretty level ; soil, fertile. Organized in 
1818. Capital, Belleibntaine. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 6,379, sheep 7,538, swine 9,353; 
wheat 34,154 bush, produced, rye 2,466, Ind. corn 
45 



252,235, buckwheat 1,544, oats 70,135, potatoes 
9,983, sugar 24,305 pounds; 17 stores, capital 
.$28,700 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 1 pottery, 2 
flouring m., 1 1 grist m., 13 saw m., 1 printing office, 

1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $27,300. 
59 sch. 1,806 scholars. Pop. 14,015. 

Logan, county. 111. Situated near the centre 
of the state, and contains 529 sq. ms. Drained 
by Sugar cr. and other branches of Sangamon r. 
Capital, Postville. There were in 1840, neat cat- 
tle 5,272, sheep 3,661, swine 16,604 ; wheat 
12,429 bush, produced, Indian corn 234,490, oats 
22,239, potatoes 6,920; 5 stores, cap. $13,200; 6 
grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,900. 7 
sch. 150 scholars. Pop. 2,333. 

Logan, t., Clinton co., Pa., 20 n. e. Bellefon- 
taine. The surface is mountainous ; soil, in the 
valleys, calcareous loam. Drained by Big Fish- 
ing cr. It has 2 stores, cap. $9,000 ; 1 tannery, 

4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,750. 1 sch. 30 
scholars. Pop. 1,187. 

Logan, p-o., Hector t., Tompkins co., N. Y., 
181 w. Albany, 314 W. 

Logan, p-v.. Falls t., capital of Hocking co., O., 
47 s. E. Columbus, 365 W. Situated on the n. 
bank of Hockhocking r., 1 mile below the great 
falls, and contains a court house, jail, 3 stores, I 
flouring m., 1 carding machine, and 1 tannery. 

Logan, p-t., Dearborn co., la., 87 s. e. Indian- 
apolis, 528 W. It has 6 stores, cap. $14,400; 1 
fulling m., 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 2 flouring m., 

2 grist m., 6 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $26,800. 

5 sch. 140 scholars. Pop. 1,398. 

Logan, p-v., Carter co., Ky., 15 s. Catlctfs- 
burg. 

Logan, C. IL, p-v., and capital of Logan co., 
Va., 351 w. Richmond, 3S8 W. Situated on the 
E. side of Guyandotte river. It contains a court 
house, and several stores and dwellings. 

Logan, t., Wayne co., Mo. It has 5 sch. 60 
scholars. Pop. 605. 

Logan's Mills, p-o., Clinton co.. Pa. 

LoGANSPORT, p-v., Capital of Cass co., la., 72 
N. Indianapolis, 610 W. Situated on Wabash r., 
at the junction of Eel r., at the head of steamboat 
navigation on the Waba.sh, and at the junction 
of the Wabash and Erie canal. It contains a 
court house, jail, 6 churches— 1 Baptist, 1 Catho- 
lic, I Episcopal, 1 Methodist, 2 Presbyterian — 1 
academy, 12 stores, 400 dwellings, and 1,500 in- 
habitants. There are 2 fine bridges here, 1 cross- 
ing the Wabash, and the other across Eel r. 

LoGANviLLE. p-v., York CO., Pa., 31 s. Harris- 
burg, 83 W. 

Loganville, p-v., Miami t., Logan co., O., 73 
N. w. Columbus, 465 W. Situated on the e. 
bank of 3Iianii r., and contains 1 store and about 
20 dwellings. 

Loggy Bayou, p-o., Natchitoches par., La. 

Lo.MBARDY, p-o., Columbia co., Ga., 66 e. n. e. 
Milledgeville. 

LoMBARDV Grove, p-o., Mecklenburg co., Va., 
97 s. w. Richmond, 213 W. 

LoNACONiNG, p-o., Alleghany co., Md., 184 N. 
w. by w. Annapolis, 152 W. 

London, p-v., Union t., capital of Madison co., 
O., 27 w. by s. Coliunbu.% 420 W. It contains a 
brick court house, a jail, county oflices, several 
stores, about 80 dwellings, and 500 inhabitants. 

London, p-v., capital of Laurel co., Ky., 94 s. 
w. Frankfort, 544 W. Situated on a branch of 
Laurel r., a tributary of Cumberland r., and con- 
tains a court house and several dwellings. 

London, p-t., Monroe co., 31ich., 45 s. w. De- 
troit, 502 W. The soil is fertile, adapted to grain. 
It has 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $5,000. 4 sch. 78 scholars. Pop. 425. 



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354 



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London Bridge, p-v., Princess Ann cc, Va., 
124 s. E. Richmond, 248 W. 

London Britain, t., Cliester co., Pa., 35 s. w. 
Pliiladelphia. The surface is gently uneven ; 
soil, sandy loam. Watered by White Clay cr., 
which affords water power. It has 2 stores, cap. 
$1,800 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $1,700. 2 sch. 100 scholars. Pop. 
641. 

Londonderry, p-t., Rockingham co., N. H., 
34 s. s. E. Concord, 454 W. The soil is fertile. 
Watered by Beaver r., issuing from ponds in tlie 
t., and flowing into Merriniac r., which touches 
its n. w. corner. It has an academy, with a fund 
of $14,000. Originally settled from the n. of Ire- 
land, in 1719. It has 3 stores, cap. $5,300; G 
grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,300. 11 
sch. 527 scholars. Pop. 1,556. 

Londonderry, p-t., Windham co., Vt., 96 s. 
Montpelier, 444 W. Watered by West r., Win- 
hall r., and Utly brook, which afford water pow- 
er. It contains a Congregational ist and a Baptist 
church. Chartered in 1760. It has 3 stores, cap. 
$8,585 ; 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $8,030. 13 sch. 409 scholars. Pop. 
1,216. 

Londonderry, t., Chester co., Pa., 35 s. w. 
Philadelphia. The siu-face is level ; soil, sandy 
loam. Drained by l)oe riui, a tributary of the 
Brandywine, and by the sources of Elk and 
White Clay crs. It has 2 churches. There are 
in the t. 1 store, cap. $2,000 ; 2 grist m., 2 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $1,025. 4 sch. 98 scholars. 
Pop. 608. 

Londonderry, t., Bedford co.. Pa. The sur- 
face is mountainous ; soil, slate. Drained by 
Will's cr., which flows into the Potomac. It has 
1 store, cap. $3,500; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 
distillery, 1 pottery, 1 printing oflice, 1 weekly 
paper, 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,150. 1 
acad. 26 students, 1 sch. 38 scholars. Pop. 809. 

Londonderry, t., Dauphin co.. Pa., 14 s. e. 
Harrisburg. The surface is moderately hilly ; 
soil, calcareous loam and gravel. Drained by 
Spring cr., which aflords water power, and by 
Conewago cr. It contains a Lutheran church. It 
has 2 stores, cap. $8,000 ; 1 fulling m., 7 grist m., 
1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,125. 1 sch. 14 
scholars. Pop. 1,990. 

Londonderry, t., Lebanon co.. Pa., 8 s. w. 
Lebanon. The surface is hilly on the n. and s., 
level in the middle ; soil, calcareous loam and 
gravel. Swatara creek runs on its n. boundary. 
Watered by Conewago cr., Quitapahilla cr., and 
KUnger's run. It has 6 stores, cap. $16,100; 1 
furnace, 3 tanneries, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $9,225. 5 sch. 115 scholars. Pop. 
1,762. 

Londonderry, p t., Guernsey co., O., 95 e. 
Columbus, 303 W. Named from Londonderry, 
in Ireland, whence some of its inhabiuints ori;?i- 
nally came. It has 7 sch. 164 scholars. Pop. 
1,606. 

London Grove, p-t., Chester co., Pa., 34 s. w. 
Philadelphia, 71 e. by s. Harrisburg, 105 W. 
The surface is roUiug ; soil, calcareous loam. 
Drained by White Clay cr. and its branches. It 
has 4 stores, cap. .$29,000 ; 1 woollen fac, 1 cot- 
ton fac. 336 sp., 3 tanneries, 1 pottery, 4 flouring 
m., 4 saw m., 16 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $23,295. 
3 sch. 75 scholars. Pop. 1,246. 

Lone Jack, p-o., Jackson co.. Mo., 128 w. by 
N. Jefferson City, 1,0.54 W. 

Lonesome House, p-o., Floyd co., Ga., 173 n. 
w. JWilledgeville, 1,054 W. 

LoNG-A-coMiNG, p-v., Gloucester and Water- 
ford t., Gloucester co., N. J., 44 s. s. w. Trenton, 



154 W. It contains a Methodist church, 2 stores, 
and about 30 dwellings. 

Long Bottom, p-o., Olive t., Meigs co., O., 
105 s. E. Columbus, 323 W. 

Long Branch, p-v., Shrewsbury t., Monmouth 
CO., N. J., 30 s. New York, 50 e. Trenton, 215 
W. Situated on a long peninsular beach on the 
Atlantic, and is much frequented for sea air and 
bathing. It has several fine boarding houses, 20 
rods from the shore, with beautiful lawns before 
them. Fine opportunities are here enjoyed for 
fishing and gunning, and it has generally much 
fashionable company in the summer season. 

Long Branch, p-o., Franklin co., Va., 209 w. 
by s. Richmond, 286 W. 

Long Branch, p-o., Monroe co., Mo., 62 n. 
Jefferson City, 937 W. 

Long Cane, p-o., Troup co., Ga., 131 w. Mil- 
ledgeville, 749 W. 

Long Creek, p-o., Louisa co., Va., 45 n. w. 
Richmond, 94 W. 

Long Creek, p-o.. New Hanover co., N. C, 
139 s. s. E. Raleigh, 369 W. 

Long Creek, p-o., Jefferson co., Tenn., 220 e. 
Nashville, 476 W. 

Long Creek Shoals, p-v., Lincoln co., N. C, 
185 w. by s. Raleigh, 422 W. 

Long Falls Creek, p-o., Davies co., Ky., 181 
w. s. w. Frankfort, 708 W. 

Long Glade, p-o., Augusta co., Va., 123 w. n. 
w. Richmond, 163 W. 

Long Green Academy, p-o., Baltimore co., 
Md., 52 N. Annapolis, 62 W. 

Long Hill, p-o., Morris co., N. J., 51 n. Tren- 
ton, 221 W. 

Long Island, N. Y. Situated in the s. e. part 
of the state, and contains 1,500 sq. ms., lying be- 
tween the Atlantic, on the s., and Long Island 
sound, on the n. It contains 3 counties — Kings, 
on the w. end, Queens, in the middle, and Suf- 
folk, on the e. end of the island. A chain of hills 
runs from w. to e., on the n. of which the surface 
is somewhat hilly and broken ; on the s. it is 
level. The n. shore is somewhat bold ; on the 
s. it is a beach of sand and gravel, enclo.sing 
bays, with various inlets, admitting vessels of 60 
or 70 tons, and abounding viith fine shell and 
other fish. At the e. end is Gardiner's bay and 
island, and Montauk point, a bold promontory, on 
which is a light-house. The n. shore has several 
light-houses. 

Long Island Sound, a large body of water 
extending the entire length of Long Island, and 
separates it from Ct. It communicates with tlie 
Atlantic on the e. by a rapid strait, and w. by 
East r. and New York bay. Its breadth is from 
2 to 20 ms., and its lengtli 1 10. 

Long Lake, t., Hamilton co., N. Y., 35 n. Lake 
Pleasant. It is a large t., with a rough and un- 
even surface, not generally fertile, abounding 
with lakes and streams, and mostly a wilderness. 
It has 1 saw in. Cap. in manufac. $450. 1 sch. 
19 scholars. Pop. 59. 

Long Level, p-o., Cabell co., Va., 340 w. by 
N. Richmond, 377 W. 

Long Lick, p-o., Scott co., Ky., 29 n. e. Frank- 
fort, 540 W. 

Long Marsh, p-o.. Queen Anne co., Md., 46 
E. Annapolis, 56 W. 

Long Meadow, p-t., Hampden co., Mass., 95 
w. s. w. Boston, 359 W. The surface is level on 
the w., and the soil generally fertile. Connecti- 
cut r. runs on its w. boundary. The v. is built 
on one wide and level street, parallel to the r., 
and 1 mile from it, and contains a Congregational 
church. There are in the e. part of the t. another 
i Congregational and a Baptist church. The t has 3 



LOR 



355 



LOU 



stores, eap. $3,500 ; 3 tanneries, 1 grist m., 3 saw 
ill. Cap. in manufac. $6,350. 7 sch. 291 scliol- 
ars. Pop. 1,270. 

Long Meadow, p-c, Page co., Va., 130 n. vv. 
Riclimond, 103 W. 

LoNGMiRE, p-0., Washington co., Tenn.. 297 e. 
Nashville, 426 W. 

Longmire's Store, p-o., Edgefield dist., S.C., 
74 w. Columbia, 552 W. 

Long Old Fields, po.. Prince George co., 
Md., 31 w. Annapolis, 9 W. 

Long Plain, p-o., l?ristol co., Mass., 50 s. Bos- 
ton, 437 W. 

Long Ron, p-o., Jefferson co., Ky ., 36 w. Frank- 
fort, 578 W. 

Long Savannah, p-o., Hamilton co., Tenn., 
.139 s. E. Nashville, 586 W. 

Long's Bridge, p-o., Hancock co., Ga., 36 n. 
E. iMilledgeville, 661 W. 

Long's Mills, p-o., Randolph co., N. C, 62 w. 
Raleigh, 313 W. 

Long Street, p-o., Moore co., N. C, 43 s. w. 
Raleigh, 331 W. 

Long Street, p-o., Lancaster dist., S. C, 68 
N. N. w. Columbia, 462 W. 

Long Swamp, p-t., Berks co.. Pa., 72 e. by n. 
Harrisburg, 165 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, 
calcareous loam and gravel. Watered by Little 
Lehigh r. The v. contains 1 church, common to 
Lutherans and Presbyterians, and 1 store. There 
are in the t. 2 stores, cap. $3,400 ; 1 furnace, 1 
forge, 2 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 2 powder m., 2 
grist m., 2 saw m. Capital in manufac. $13,400. 
Pop. 1,836. 

Long View, p-o., Morgan co., Tenn. 

Long WOOD, p-o., Albemarle co., Va., 97 w. n. 
w. Richmond, 133 W. It has several dwelluigs, 
and 35 inhabitants. 

LoNGwooD, p-o.. Union co., Ky., 226 w. s. w. 
Frankfort, 753 W. 

LoNGWooD, p-o., Pettis CO., Mo., 94 w. Jeffer- 
son City, 1,010 W. 

LoNGwooD, p-o., Fayette co., la. 

Longsdale, p-o.. Providence co., R. L, 10 w. 
Providence, 410 W. 

Lookout Valley, p-o., Hamilton co., Tenn., 
135 s. E. Nashville, 616 W. 

Look's Corners, p-o., Lapeer co., Mich., 48 
N. Detroit, 573 W. 

Lorain, county, O. Situated in the n. part of 
the state, and contains 550 sq. ms. Watered by 
the 2 branches of Black r., and by Beaver creek, 
which afford water power. The soil is fertile, 
adapted to grain and to grass. Organized in 1824. 
Capital, Elyria. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
20,931, sheep 19,377, swine 18,641 ; wheat 131,474 
bush, produced, rye 3,792, Indian corn 243,034, 
buckwheat 3,869, oats 80,291, potatoes 109,577, 
sugar 323,0 14 pounds ; 1 commission house, cap. 
$50,000 ; 28 stores, cap. $102,250 ; 4 lumber yards, 
cap. $58,000 ; 1 furnace, 1 fulling m., 1 woollen 
fac, 8 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 flouring m., 14 grist 
m., 54 saw m., 3 printing offices, 1 bindery, 3 
weekly and 1 semi-weekly newspapers. Cap. in 
manufac. $105,060. 1 college, 498 students, 2 
acad. 135 students, 97 sch. 3,123 scholars. Pop. 
18,467. 

Lorain, t., Shelby co., O. It has 2 stores, cap. 
$1,550 ; 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,250. 2 
sch. 55 scholars. Pop. 904. 

Lorain, p-o., Iroquois co., 111., 205 n. e. Spring- 
field, 707 W. 

Loraine, p-t., Jefferson co., N. Y., 15 s. Wa- 
tertown, 157 n. w. Albany, 408 W. The surface 
is hilly ; soil, clay and sandy loam. Drained by 
Sandy cr. and its tributaries. It has 2 stores, cap. 
$6,000 J 1 tannery, 2 flouring m., 10 saw m. Cap. 



in manufac. $9,500. 8 sch. 265 scholars. Pop 
1,699. ^ 

Lorance, t., Cape Girardeau co.. Mo. Pod. 
1,543. ^ 

LoRENTz's Store, Lewis co., Va., 292 n. w. 
by w. Richmond, 260 W. 

LoRETTo, p-v., Alleghany t., Cambria co.. Pa. 
145 w. by N. Harrisburg, 188 W. Situated on 
Alleghany mountain, and contains 1 store, 15 or 
20 dwellings, and about 100 mhabitants. 

LoRETTO, p-o., Washington co., Ky., 67 n. w. 
Frankfort, 593 W. 

LoRETTo, p-o., Essex CO., Va., 62 n. e. Rich- 
mond, 90 W. 

Lo.ss Creek, p-o., Crawford co., O., 70 n. Co- 
lumbus, 414 W. 

Lost Creek, p-o., Harrison co., Va., 269 n. w. 
Richmond, 237 W. 

Lost Creek, p-o., Campbell co.. Term., 201 
E. by N. Nashville, 493 W. 

Lost Creek, p-t., Miami co., O., 63 w. Colum- 
bus, 457 W. It has 1 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $21,000. 5 sch. 261 scholars. Pop. 
1,306. 

Lost Creek, p-o., Lincoln co.. Mo., 102 n. e. 
Jefferson City, 875 W. 

Lost River, p-o., Hardy co., Va., 173 n. w. 
Richmond, 123 W. 

Lotts, p-o., Edgefield dist., S. C, 47 w. Colum- 
bia, 545 W. 

Lottsburg, p-o., Northumberland co., Va., 93 
e. n. e. Richmond, 152 W. 

Lottsville, p-v., Warren co.. Pa., 233 n. w. 
Harrisburg, 325 W. Situated on the w. bank of 
Little Broken Straw cr. It contains a store, some 
mills, and several dwellings. 

LouDON, county, Va. Situated in the n. e. 
part of the state, and contains 460 sq. ms. It has 
several ridges of mountains, with intervening 
valleys. Watered by Kittoctan and (joosc crs., 
and their tributaries, which afford good water 
power. The Potomac r. runs on its n. e. border. 
The soil is various, from a rich alluvion to an 
unproductive clay, some of it well, and some 
poorly cultivated. Capital, Leesburg. There 
were in lrt40, neat cattle 25,620, sheep 31,503, 
swine 33,841 ; wheat 573,460 bush, produced, rye 
81,517, Ind. corn 891,695, buckwheat 6,84.5, bar- 
ley 1,472, oats 224,706, potatoes 53,217, tobacco 
1,725 pounds; 79 stores, cap. $274,570; 4 fulling 
m., 2 woollen fac, 11 tanneries, 5 distilleries, 55 
flouring m., 69 grist m., 31 saw m., 2 printing of- 
fices, {^ap. in manufac. $196,282. 6 acad. 266 
students, 33 sch. ],00S scholars. Pop. whites 
13,840, slaves 5,273, free colored 1,318; total, 
20,431. 

Loudon, p-t., Merrimac co., N. H., 8 N. n. e. 
Concord, 489 W. Watered by Soucook river, 
which affords water power. Chartered in 1773 
The land on the streams is fertile. It has 3 stores, 
capital .$4,400; 1 woollen fac, 3 tanneries, 1 pot- 
tery, 3 grist m., 8 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $6,190. 10 sch. 495 scholars. Pop. 1,610. 

Loudon, p-b., Peters t., Franklin co.. Pa., 59 
w. s. w. Harrisburg, 103 W. Situated on the w. 
.side of the w. branch of Connecocheague cr. 

Loudo.n, p-t., Seneca co., O., 88 n. Columbus, 
433 W. It has 2 stores, cap. $2,300 ; 1 grist m. 
Cap. in manufac. $873. 3sch.94schors. Pop. 763. 

Loudon, t., Carroll co., O. Pop. 960. 

Loudon, t., Monroe co., Mich. It has 1 tanne- 
ry, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,000. 
4 sch. 78 scholars. Pop. 425. 

Loudon Centre, p-o., Loudon t., Merrimac 
CO., N. H., 14 N. n. e. Concord, 495 W. 

Loudon Ridge, p-o., Loudon t., Merrimac co,, 
N. H., 15 N. N. E. Concord, 596 W. 



LOU 



356 



LOU 



LouDONViLLE, p-v., Hanover t., Kichland co., 
O., 73 N. N. E. Columbus, 363 W. Situated on 
the Black fork of Mohiccan cr., and conlaLns 4 
stores, and about 150 inhabitants. 

LouDsviLLE, p-v., Habersham co., Ga., 159 n. 
Milledgeville, 615 W. Situated near the source 
of Chestatee r., in the gold region. 

Louisa, county, Va. Situated centrally in the 
E. part of the state, and contains 570 sq. miles. 
Watered by North and South Anna rs., and their 
branches. Capital, Louisa C. H. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 10,726, sheep 12,711, swine 
20,133 ; wheat 220,748 bush, produced, rye 899, 
buckwheat 43, oats 153,131, potatoes 15,325, to- 
bacco 2,430,764 pounds, cotton 19,129; value of 
gold produced, $3,000 ; 30 stores, cap. $111,152; 
11 tanneries, 3 flouring m., 25 grist m., 16 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $69,610. 39 sch. 591 scholars. 
Pop. whites 6,047, slaves 9,010, fi-ee colored 376; 
total, 15,433. 



Louisa, county, Iowa. Situated toward the s. 
E. part of the ter., and contains 442 sq. ms. Mis- 
sissippi r. runs on its E. border. Drained by Iowa 
r. and its tributaries, which afford water power. 
The soil is very fertile, particularly on the rivers. 
Capital, Wappello. There were in 1840, neat cat- 
tle 2,060, sheep 620, swine 6,S13 ; wheat 10,553 
bush, produced, Ind. corn 82,625, oats 15,725, po- 
tatoes 6,135 ; 3 saw m. Pop. 1,927. 

Louis.\, p-v., capital of Lawrence co., Ky., 153 
E. Frankfort, 436 W. Situated on the w. side of 
Big Sandy river, and contains a court house and 
several dwellings. 

Louisa, C. H., p-v., capital of Louisa co., Va., 
60 N. w. Richmond, 103 W. It contains a court 
house, and a few dwellings. 

LouisDURG, p-v., capital of Franklin co, N. C, 
36 N. E. Raleigh, 262 W. Situated on n. side of 
Tar r. It contains a court house, jail, 2 churches, 
10 stores, and about 500 inhabitants. 



LOUISIANA. 

Louisiana, the southernmost of the southern United States, is bounded n. by Arkansas and Mis- 
sissippi; E. by Mississippi, from which it is separated by the Mississippi river, to the 31° N. lat., 
thence e. on that parallel to Pearl river, and down that river to its mouth ; E. and s. by the Gulf 
of Mexico ; and w. by Texas, from which it is separated by the Sabine river to 32° N. lat., and ihence 
due N. to lat. 33° n., the s. boundary of Arkansas. It is 240 miles long from n. to s., and 210 broad 
from E. to w., containing 45,350 square miles, or 29,024,000 acres. The population in 1810, was 
76,556 ; in 1820, 153,407; in 1830, 215,575 ; in 1840, 352,411, of which 168,452 were slaves. Of the 
free population 89,747 were white males; 63,710 do. females; 11,526 colored males; 13,976 do. 
females. Employed in agriculture, 79,289 ; in commerce, 8,549 ; in manufactures and trades, 7,565 ; 
navigating the ocean, 1,322 ; canals, lakes, &c., 662 ; learned professions, 1,018. 

This state is divided into 38 parishes, which, with their population in 1840, and their capitals, 
were as follows : Eastern District — Ascension, 6,951, Donaldsonville ; Assumption, 7,141, Napo- 
leonville ; Bato.\ Rouge, e., 8,133, Baton Rouge ; Baton Rouge, w., 4,638, w. Baton Rouge C. H. ; 
Carroll, 4,237, Providence; Concordia, 9,414, Vidalia; Feliciana, e., 11,893, Clinton; Feli- 
ciana, w., 10,910, St. Francisville ; Iberville, 8,495, Plaquemine ; .Iefferson, 10,470, La Fayette ; 
Lafourche Interior, 7,303, Thibodeauxville ; Livingston 2,315, Springfield ; Madison, 5,142, 
Richmond; Orleans, 102,193, New Orleans ; PLAauEMiNE, 5,060, Fort Jackson ; Point Coupee, 
7,898, Point Coupee ; St. Bernard, 3,237, St. Bernard C. H. ; St. Charles, 4,700, St. Charles 
C. H. ; St. Helena, 3,525, Greensburg ; St. James, 8,548, Bringiers ; St. John Baptist, 5,776, 
Bonnet Carre; St. Tammany, 4,598, Covington; Terre Bo.nne, 4,410, Houma; Washington, 
2,649, Franklinton. Western District — Avoyelles, 6,616, Marksville; Caddo, 5,282, Shreveport; 
Calcasieu, 2,057, Lisbon ; Caldwell, 2,017, Columbia ; Catahoola, 4,955, Harrisonburg ; Clai- 
borne, 6,185, Overton ; La Fayette, 7,841, Vermilionville ; Natchitoches, 14,350, Natchitoches ; 
Rapides, 14,132, Alexandria ; St. Landry, 15,233, Opelousas ; St. Martin's, 8,676, St. Martins- 
ville ; St. Mary's, 8,950, Franklin ; Union, 1,838, Farmersville ; Washita, 4,640, Monroe. 

New Orleans is the seat of government, on the N. bank of the Mississippi river, 105 miles from 
its entrance into the Gulf of Mexico. 

Below the mouth of the Red river the Mis.sissippi divides into several branches, or outlets, which 
diverging from each other, slowly wind their way to the Gulf of Mexico, and divide the south- 
western part of the state into a number of large islands. The western of these outlets is the Atcha- 
falaya, which leaves the main stream 3 miles below the mouth of Red river, and, inclining east- 
ward, flows into Alchafalaya bay in the Gulf of Mexico. About 128 miles below the Atchafalaya, 
is the outlet of Plaquemine, the main stream of which unites with the Atchafalaya ; but other por- 
tions of it intersect the country in diflferent directions. Thirty-one miles below the Plaquemine, 
and 81 above New Orleans, is the outlet of Lafourche, which communicates with the Gulf of Mexi- 
co by two mouths. Below the Lafourche, numerous other smaller streams branch olf from the 
river at various points. On the east side of the Mississippi the principal outlet is the Iberville, 
which communicates with the Gulf of 3Iexico through lakes Maurepas, Pontchartrain, and Borgne. 
The whole territory between the Atchafalaya on the west, and the Iberville, &c., on the east, is 
called the Delta of the ^Mississippi, from its resemblance in shape to the Greek letter of that name. 
A large extent of country in this state is annually overflowed by the Mississippi. From lat. 32° to 
31°, the average width of the land inundated is 20 miles ; from lat. 31° to the outlet of La/burche, 
a little above lat. 30°, the width is 40 miles. Below the Lafourche, the country generally is over- 



LOU 357 LOU 

flowed. The lands thus overflowed, including those on the Red river, amount to 10,890 sq. miles ; 
though tlie inundation is not complete, but consists of innumerable canals and lakes, which are m- 
terspersed everywhere. The country actually submerged would not, probably, exceed 4,000 sq. 
miles. More earth is deposited by the Mississippi in its overflow on its immediate margin than 
further back ; and, consequently, the land is higher adjoining the river than it is in the rear of its 
banks. This alluvial margin, of a breadth from 400 yards to a mile and a half, is a rich soil, and 
to prevent the river from inundating the valuable tract in the rear, and which could not be drained, 
an artificial embankment is raised on the margin of the river, called the Levee. On the east side 
of the river, this embankment commences 60 miles above New Orleans, and extends down the 
river for more than 130 miles. On the west shore, it commences at Point Coupee, 172 miles above 
New Orleans. Along this portion of the river, its sides present many beautiful and finely cultiva- 
ted plantations, and a continued succession of pleasant residences. The southwestern part of the 
state consists of swamps, on the margin of the Gulf, but of prairies further inland, some parts of 
which are barren, but others fertile, and containing flourishing settlements. Tliis country is eleva- 
ted not more than from 10 to 50 feet above high tide. The country between the Mississippi, Iber- 
ville, and Pearl rivers, ui its southern parts, is generally level, and liighly productive in cotton, 
sugar, rice, corn, and indigo. The northern part has an undulating surface, and has a heavy natu- 
ral growth of white, red, and yellow oak, hickory, black walnut, sassafras, magnolia, and poplar. 
In the northwestern part, the Red river, after entering the state by a single channel, and flowing 
about 30 miles, spreads out into a number of cliannels, ibrming many lakes, and islands, and swamps, 
over a space of 50 miles long and 6 broad. The bottoms on the river are from 1 to 10 miles wide, 
and are very fertile. The timber on them is willow, Cottonwood, honey locu.st, pawpaw, and 
buckeye ; on the ricli uplands, elm, ash, hickory, mulberry, black walnut, with a profusion of grape 
vines. On the less fertile and sandy uplands of the state are white, pitch, and yellow pines, and 
various kinds of oak. 

The staple productions of the state are cotton, sugar, and rice. In 1840 there were in the state, 
99,8S8 horses and mules ; 381,248 neat cattle ; 98,072 sheep; 323,220 .swine ; poultry to the value 
of $283,559. There were produced 60 bushels of wheat ; 107,353 of oats ; 1,812 of rye ; 5,952,912 
of Indian corn; 834,341 of potatoes; 24,651 tons of hay; 49,283 pounds of wool; 1,012 of wax; 
119,824 of tobacco ; 3,604,534 of rice ; 152,555,368 of cotton ; 119,947,720 of sugar. The products 
of the dairy were valued at $153,069; of the orchard at $11,769; of lumber at $66,106. There 
were made 2,884 of gallons of wine ; and 2,233 barrels of tar, pitch, &c. 

New Orleans is the place where the trade of the vast Mississippi valley centres, and its com- 
merce is extensive. 

The winters in this state are mild ; though more severe than in the same latitude on the Atlantic 
coast. The summers in the v\et and marshy parts are unhealthy. New Orleans has frequently 
been visited by the yellow fever. But a considerable portion of the state is healthy. 

The Mississippi divides this state from tlie state of Mississippi for a considerable distance, 
and in its lower parts runs wholly in this state, where it enters the Gulf of Mexico by several 
passes. It is navigable for vessels of any size. The Red river runs through the state in a s. E. 
direction, and discharges a vast amount of water into the Mississippi, 240 miles above New Orleans. 
The Washita rims in a s. direction in the n. part of the state, and enters Red river, a little above 
its entrance into the Mississippi. Bayou Lafourche and Atchafalaya are large outlets of the 
Mississippi. The other rivers are the Black, Tensaw, Sabine, Calcasieu, Mermentau, Vermilion, 
Teche, Pearl, Amite, and Iberville. 

The largest lakes are Pontchartrain, Maurepas, Borgne, Chetimaches, Mermentau, Calcasieu and 
Sabine. 

The exports of this state in 1840. amounted to $34,236,936; and the imports to $10,673,190. 
There were 24 commercial, and 381 commission houses engaged in foreign trade, with a capital of 
$16,770,000 ; and 2,465 retail drygoods and otiier stores, with a capital of $14,301,024 ; 597 persons 
were employed in the lumber trade, with a capital of $260,045 ; 3 persons employed in internal 
transportation, with 291 butchers, packers, &c., employed a capital of $144,523. 

The amount of home-made or family articles manufactured, was $65,190 ; 2 cotton manufactories 
with 706 spindles, employed 23 persons, producing articles to the amount of $18,900, with a capi- 
tal of $22,000 ; 6 furnaces produced 1,400 tons of cast iron, and 2 forges produced 1,356 tons of bar 
iron, employing 145 persons, and a capital of $357,000 ; 25 tanneries employed 88 persons, and a 
capital of $132,025; 7 other manufactories of leather, as saddleries, &c., produced articles to the 
amount of $103,500, with a capital of $89,550 ; 1 pottery employed 18 persons, producing articles to the 
amount of $1,000, with a capital of $3,000 ; 5 sugar refineries produced to the amount of $770,000; 
101 persons produced confectionery to the amount of $20,000 ; machinery was produced to the 
amount of $5,000; and hardware and cutlery to tlie amount of $30,000; 51 persons produced 
carriages and wagons to the amount of $23,350, employing a capital of $15,780 ; mills of various 
kinds produced articles to the amount of $706,785, employing 972 persons, and a capital of 



LOU 



358 



LOU 



$1,870,795 ; vessels were built to the amount of $30,500 ; 129 persons manufactured furniture to 
the amount of $2,300, with a capital of $576,050 ; 5 distilleries produced 285,520 gallons, and 1 
brewery produced 2,400 gallons, employing 27 persons, and a capital of $110,000 ; 75 persons manu- 
factured 2,202,200 pounds of soap, 3,500,030 pounds of tallow candles, 4,000 pounds of wax and 
spermaceti candles, with a capital of $115,500 ; 248 stone or brick houses, and 619 wooden houses, 
employed 1,484 persons, and cost $2,736,944 ; 35 printing offices, 5 binderies, 11 daily, 21 weekly 
and 2 semi-weekly newspapers, and 3 periodicals, employed 392 persons, and a capital of $193,700. 
The whole amount of capital employed in manufactures, was $6,430,699. 

Louisiana College, at Jackson, was founded in 1825 ; Jeflferson College, at Bringiers, was founded 
in 1831 ; St. Charles College, at Grand Coteau, is under the direction of the Catholics ; Baton 
Rouge College, at Baton Rouge, was founded in 1838 ; Franklin College at Opelousas, was found- 
ed in 1839. These institutions had in 1840, 437 students. There were in the state, 52 academies, 
with 1,995 students ; 179 common and primary schools, with 3,573 scholars, and 4,861 white per- 
sons over 20 years of age who could neither read nor write. 

This state was originally settled by Catholics, who are still the most numerous denomination. 
In 1835, they had 27 ministers. The Methodists, Baptists, Presbyterians, and Episcopalians exist 
in considerable numbers, and are increasing. 

At the commencement of 1840, there were 47 banks and branches in this state, with an aggre- 
gate capital of $41,736,768, and a circulation of $4,345,533. The state debt, at the close of 1840, 
amounted to $20,585,000. 

The constitution of this state was formed in 1812. The governor is elected for four years. The 
people give their votes for governor at the same time that they vote for senators and representa- 
tives, and the legislature on the succeeding session elect by joint ballot a governor from the two can- 
didates having the greatest number oi votes of the people. The senators are elected for 4 years, 
one half being chosen every 2 years. The state is divided into 16 senatorial districts, each of 
wliich chooses a senator. The representatives are elected for two years, and cannot be less than 
25 nor more than 50 in number, and they are apportioned according to the number of electors, an 
enumeration of which is made every 4 years. The legislature meets annually in January, except 
in the years of the election of President of the United States, when it meets in November. 

The judges of the supreme court are appointed by the governor, with the consent of the senate, 
and hold their offices during good behavior. 

This state has a number of important works of internal improvement. Pontchartrain railroad ex- 
tends from New Orleans 4i miles to Lake Pontcliartrain, at a cost of $450,000. West Feliciana 
railroad extends from St. Francisville, 20 miles to Woodville, Mississippi. New Orleans and Car- 
rollton railroad extends from N. Orleans, 4i miles to La Fayette. Orleans-street railroad, extends 
from N. Orleans, -ii miles to the bay of St. Johns. The Mexico Gulf railroad, extends from N. 
Orleans, east to Pascagoula Sound. The Orleans Bank canal extends from N. Orleans, 6 miles to 
Lake Pontchartrain, and cost $1,009,000. Canal Carondelet extends from N. Orleans, H miles to 
the Bay of St. Johns. Barataria canal extends from N. Orleans, 85 miles to Berwick bay. Lake 
Veret canal extends from Lake Veret, 8 miles to Lafourche river. The N. Orleans and Nash- 
ville railroad extends 80 miles in this state, and if completed, will be 564 miles in length. It is in 
progress. 

This country was first explored by the French, and received its name m 1682, from M. La Salle, 
in honor of Louis XIV, and a settlement was attempted in 1684, 300 miles w. of the Mississippi, 
but failed. In 1699 M. Iberville made an attempt to plant the country, but lost his life. His effijrts 
were followed up by one Crozat, a man of wealth, who held the exclusive trade of the country for 
a number of years. About the year 1717, he transferred his interest in the province to a chartered 
company, at the head of which was the notorious John Law, whose national bank and Mississippi 
speculation involved the ruin of half the French nobility. In 1731 the company resigned the con- 
cern to the crown, who, in 1762, ceded the whole of Louisiana to Spain. In 1800, Spain recon- 
veyed the province to the French, of whom it was purchased by Ihe United States in 1803, for 
$15,000,000. This purchase included the territory of the United States w. of the Mississippi. In 
1812, the present state of Louisiana formed a constitution, and was admitted into the Union. 



Louisiana, p-v.. Pike co.. Mo., 83 n. k. Jeffer- 
son City, 868 W. Situated on the w. bank of 
Mississippi r., 2 ms. below the entrance of 
Salt r. 

Louisville, p-t., St. Lavirrence co., N. Y., 253 
N. N. w. Albany, 523 W. The surface is undu- 
lating; soil, a fertile calcareous loam. Watered 
by Grass r., and the St. LawTcnce r., which 
bounds it on the n. w. Several islands in the 
St. Lawrence belong to it. It has 2 stores, cap. 
$12,000 ; 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$15,000. 11 sch. 391 scholars. Pop. 1,69a 



Louisville, p-v., Westmoreland co., Va., 64 
N. E. Richmond, 111 W. 

Louisville, p-v., capital of Jefferson co., Ga., 
53 E. Milledgeville, 634 W. Situated on Rocky 
Comfort cr., just above its entrance into the Ogee- 
chee r. It contains a court house, jail, a church, 
an academy, 9 stores, and 27 dwellings. The 
state legislature met here from 1835 to 1837; and 
here the famous Yazoo Acts were burned by a 
sun-glass, Feb. 13lh, 1796. The state house has 
been converted into a court house. 

Louisville, p-v., Barbour co., Ala., 187 s. 



LOV 



359 



LOW 



E. Tuscaloosa, 836 W. It contains a few dwell- 
ings. 

Louisville, p-v., capital of Winston co., Miss., 
92 N. E. Jack.son, 918 W. Situated on the head 
waters of Pearl r. It contains 2 churches, a court 
house, 2 academies, and 175 inhabitants. 

Louisville, p-v., Blount co., Tenn., 153 e. by 
s. Nashville, 436 W. Situated on the s. E. side 
of Tennessee r. 

Louisville, city, port of entry, and capital of 
Jefferson co., Ky., 54 w. Frankfort, 596 W. Sit- 
uated on the s. side of Ohio r., at the head of the 
rapids, 38° 8' n. lat., and 85° 26' w. Ion., 120 ms. 
below Cincinnati. Pop. in 1788, 30 ; in 1800, 600 ; 
in 1810, 1,357 ; in 1830, 4,012 ; in 1830, 10,336 ; in 
1840, 21,210. The Ohio r. is here 1 mile and 25 
rods wide, and the ground rises by a gentle slope 
from the water's edge to an elevation of 70 feet, 
where is a beautiful plain. Bear-grass cr. enters 
its .\. part, and forms a good harbor. Incorpo- 
rated as a city in 1828. It is regularly laid out, 
with 8 broad and straight streets, parallel wnth 
the r., crossed by 18 others at right angles, mak- 
ing the city 3 miles long, and about 1 mile wide. 
It is generally built of brick, with many large 
stores and warehouses, and many fine dwellings. 
It contains a court house, jail, 2 market houses, 
a museum, a marine ho.spital, an asylum, and sev- 
eral other humane and benevolent institutions, 4 
banks, including a bank for savings, 12 churches 
— i Presbyterian, 3 3Iethodist, 2 Baptist, 1 Epis- 
copal, 1 Roman Catholic, and 1 African — and sev- 
eral other places of worship, 375 stores and gro- 
ceries, several printing offices, issuing 3 daily 
newspapers, about 2,500 dwellings. It has con- 
venient landings, and many steamboats are con- 
tinually in port, or arriving and departing. It has 
4 flouring m., producing 400 barrels of flour daily, 
several large iron foundries, and woollen and 
other manufactories. The goods and manufac- 
tured articles sold annually, amount to about 
$29,000,0(jO. Around the rapids at this place, 
which are not navigable at low water for large 
boats, a canal has been constructed, 2i ms. long, 
with 4 locks, which cost $730,000, overcoming a 
fall of 22 feet. At the lower end of the canal 
are the villages of Shipping Port, and Portland. 
The city government consists of a mayor and 10 
aldermen, 2 from each of the 5 wards. The Ohio 
Bridge Company is constructing a bridge across 
the Ohio, over the shoals above Corn Island. 
There were in 1840, 1 commercial and 11 com- 
mission houses in for. trade, cap. $191,800; 270 
retail drygoods and other stores, cap. 82,128,400 ; 
Slumber yards, cap. $52,000 ; 2 tanneries, 2 brew- 
eries, 1 glass cutting estab., 1 pottery, 2 rope fac, 
'2 flouring m., 3 saw m., 1 paper fac, 7 printing 
offices, 2 binderies, 5 daily, 7 weekly, and 3 semi- 
weekly newspapers, and 1 periodical, 200 brick 
and stone and 60 wooden houses built, employ- 
ing 269 persons, at a cost of $260,250. _Total cap- 
ital employed in manufactures, $713,675. 1 col- 
lege, 80 students, 10 acad. 269 students, 14 sch. 
388 scholars. 

Louisville, p-v., Stark co., O., 131 n. e. Co- 
lumbus, 313 W. 

Louisville, p-v., capital of Clay co.. 111., 112 
s. E Springfield, 741 W. 

Louisville, p-v., Lincoln co.. Mo., 74 n. e. 
Jefferson City, 882 W. 

LouTRE Island, p-o., Montgomery co., Mo., 
43 E. N. E. Jefferson Chy, 903 W. 

LouTRE, t., Audrain co.. Mo. Pop. 169. 

LovEi.ACEviLLE, p-0., McCracken co., Ky., 
296 w. s. w. Frankfort, 823 W. 

LovELADV, p-o., Caldwell co., N. C. 182 w. 
Raleigh, 419 W. 



LovELL, p-t., Oxford co.. Me., 63 w. s. w. Au- 
gusta, 578 W. It contains a large pond, the out- 
let of which unites with the outlet of another 
pond on its n. w. border, and enters the Saco r. 
Incorporated in 1800. 8 small ponds on the bot- 
ders of the t., connected together, have an outlet, 
which has a curious fall of 40 feet. It has 1 ful- 
ling m., 2 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$150. 10 sch. 410 scholars. Pop. 941. 

Love's Mills, p-o., Washington co., Va., 285 
w. by s. Richmond. 

LovETTSViLLE, p-v., Loudou CO., Va., 166 n 
Richmond, 46 W. 

LovEviLLE, p-v.. New Castle co., Del., 54 n. 
Dover, 103 W. 

Lovi.MGSTON, p-v., capital of Nelson co., Va., 
105 w. by N. Richmond, 157 W. It contains a 
court house, jail, and several stores and dwell- 
ings. 

LoviNGTON, p-o., Macon co., 111., 61 e. Spring- 
field, 718 W. 

Lowell, p-t., Penobscot co.. Me. Incorpora- 
ted in 1S33. It was formerly called Huntress- 
ville. It has 1 store, cap. $2,000; 1 grist m., 2 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,500. 2 sch. 70 
scholars. Pop. 205. 

Lowell, p-t., Orleans co., Vt., 45 n. Montpe- 
lier, 568 W. Formerly called Kellyvale. Char- 
tered in 1791. Missisque r. rises in a pond on the 
s. border of the t., by which, and its branches, 
it is drained, and which afford water power. The 
surface is uneven, and the soil productive. It 
has 2 stores, cap. $1,200 ; 1 grist m., 2 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $6,600. 6 sch. 149 scholars. 
Pop. 431. 

Lowell, city, and ssmi-capital of Middlesex 
CO., Mass., 25 n. n. w. Boston, 444 W., in the 
rapidity of its grovith, and the extent of its pop- 
ulation and manufactures, is a remarkable place, 
and well deserves the appellation, "the Manches- 
ter of America." An example of an equally 
rapid growth has never else been exhibited in the 
United States. It hes on the s. side of the Mer- 
rimac, below Pawtucket falls, and at the junction 
of Concord r. with the Merrimac. In 1820 it 
constituted a part of Chelmsford, and the present 
territory of Lowell then contained less than 200 in- 
habitants, and the valuation of property did not 
exceed $100,000. In 1826 it was incorporated as 
a town ; and having received a small addition 
from Tewksbury, it obtained, in 1836, the charter 
of a city. The population in 1830 was 6,474 ; in 
1840, 20,796, showing an increase in 10 years of 
14,322. The assessors' valuation of property in 
1810 was $12,400,000. 

The ^vate^ power at this place is very exten- 
sive and easily available. It is produced by a 
canal 60 feet wide, 8 feet deep, and a mile and a 
half in length, commencing at the head of Paw- 
tucket falls, and extending to Concord river. By 
locks at its outlet into Concord r., it forms a boat- 
able pas.'^age around the falls in the Merrimac. 
From the main canal, the water is carried by lat- 
eral canals to mills and manufactories, where it 
is needed, and is then discharged, either into the 
Merrimac or the Concord. The entire fall is 30 
feet. Before the project was entertained of using 
this water for hydraulic purposes, a canal existed, 
made by a corporation created in 1792, for the 
tran.sportation of '' boats, rafts, and masts around 
the falls." About the year 1820, this canal was 
I purchased by a company, who, under the origin- 
al charter and name of '■ Proprietors of locks and 
canals on Merrimac river," iu 1822 commenced 
enlarging and deepening the canal, and putting 
it in a suitable condition to supply such manufac- 
tories as might be erected. They ai-e the bottom 



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360 



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corporation, or root,of nearly all the manufacturing 
establishments in Lowell. They own the Paw- 
tucket canal, which supplies all the water power, 
and have purchased all the lands adjoining the 
river on both sides of the falls. The company is 
landlord ami ffrantor of nearly all the other cor- 
porations. They have an extensive machine 
shop, of brick, 3 stories high, and 250 feet long ; 
an iron foundry, a saw mill, a planing machine, 
with ample workshops, furnaces, and outbuild- 
ings. They give constant employment to the 
most skilful mechanics, who manufacture the 
machinery for the mills, and cars and locomo- 
tives for railroads, which are sent to every part 
of the Union. When a new company is formed, 
it contracts with the " Proprietor.s of Locks and 
Canals," for land and for water power, sufli- 
cieiit to drive the contemplated number of spin- 
dles ; for which an annual rent is paid. They 
then contract with the Proprietors to erect the de- 
sired number of mills, and to fill them with ma- 
chinery ready for running ; and to erect counting, 
ware, and boarding houses, sufficient for all op- 
eratives to be employed in the mills. For the 
whole, a gross sum is paid ; and the new compa- 
ny has little concern in the matter, excepting to 
see that every thing is done according to contract, 
until the first mill is ready to run. This arrange- 
ment is found advantageous to both parties. The 
machine shop can furnish machinery complete 
for a mill of 5,000 spindles, in 4 months. All the 
mills, ware, counting, and boarding houses, ex- 
cepting the boarding houses of the oldest com- 
pany, are of brick, neatly and substantially 
built. 

Eleven incorporated manufacturing companies 
in lliis city, with an aggregate capital of 
$10,500,000, are supplied witli water by the Paw- 
tucket canal, from the original company, above 
named. The whole numberof mills which belong 
to the 11 corporations, exclusive of print works, is 
32; the number of spindles, 166,044; and 5,183 
looms. Females employed, 6,430 ; males, 2,077. 
Very few children are employed, probably not 
200, under 15 years of age. The companies pro- 
duce 58,263,000 yards of cloth annually. They 
consume 19,253,000 pounds of cotton, or 53,340 
bales a year. Two companies have print works 
and dye houses, and together produce 13,780,000 
yards of dyed and printed cloth annually. 

The goods manui'actured at Lowell are sheet- 
ings, flannels, drillings, prints, shirtings, negro- 
cloth, carpets, rugs, broadcloths, water-proof 
woollens, and cassimeres. 

For manulacturing purposes, 200 chaldrons of 
smiths' coal are consumed in a year ; 11,460 tons 
of anthracite coal ; 500,000 bushels of charcoal ; 
3,510 cords of wood ; 3,000 barrels of flour for 
starch ; 600,000 pounds of starch ; 65,289 gallons 
of oil, of which 5,000 gallons are olive oil. 

Besides the above named companies, there are 
in the city, the Lowell Bleachery, with a capital 
of $50,000 ; Whitney Mills, capiuil $100,t)00, for 
the manufacture of milled blankets ; and exten- 
sive powder mills, which make superior gunpow- 
der. There are also various mills and manufac- 
tories, owned by individuals. New companies 
and raanufaciories are continually springing up ; 
and much water power is unimproved. 

The average wages of i'emale operatives, ex- 
clusive of board, is 2 dollars a week, but some 
of them earn double that ; the males, on an aver- 
age, 80 cents a day, exclusive of board. All the 
corporations and private companies pay ofl!" their 
hands once a month, but on different days. The 
whole amount of wages paid to operatives in each 
month is $160,000 an an average ; a very consid- 



erable portion of which is deposited by the re- 
ceivers in the " Lowell Savings Institution." 

A railroad from Lowell to Boston, 26 miles, was 
completed in 1835, which is very thoroughly con- 
structed. Andover Branch railroad extends from 
it, 10 miles from the city, and goes to Dover, New 
Hampshire. The Lowell and Nashua railroad 
extends 9 ms. to New Hampshire line. The 
Merrimac canal leaves the Merriraac, 2 miles 
above Lowell, and proceeds to Boston harbor. 

Among the literary institutions, the lyceum, 
for procuring courses of lectures, and for debate, 
has existed a number of years ; and more recent- 
ly, the Lowell Institute has been formed, for sim- 
ilar purposes. But the most remarkable institu- 
tion is the Mechanics' Association, formed by in- 
telligent mechanics, and incorporated many years 
ago. They have a costly brick edifice, called 
Mechanics' Hall, which has a fine lecture room, 
in which courses are annually delivered, togeth- 
er with a handsome library, and an extensive 
reading room, which is always open, and a fine 
mhieralogical cabinet. 

The citizens of Lowell have taken a great in- 
terest in the cause of education. The whole 
amount raised in 1840 for schools by taxation was 
$17,500. Besides this, the city erected an elegant 
edifice for a high school, which cost $28,000 ; 
and 2 houses for grammar schools, which cost to- 
gether $30,000. There are 29 public free schools. 
There are 6 grammar schools, besides the two 
above mentioned. About one eighth of the pop- 
ulation is CathoUc, but tliey have entered, with 
spirit, uito the business of education. The whole 
number of pupils in all the schools is over 4,000. 

Tliere are 2 newspapers in the place, each 
published tri-weekly ; 2 weekly papers from the 
same ofllces, and 3 other weekly papers devoted 
to religion and literature. A magazine, called 
" the Offering," is issued, consisting of original 
communications, chiefly by the young ladies in 
the factories, under the general superintendence 
of a clergyman, which is very respectable. 

There are 15 congregations with settled minis- 
ters, and several others which constantly worship 
in halls, and the churches are well attended. It 
is abundantly proved by this splendid model of 
American manufacturing cities, that this employ- 
ment has no necessary tendency to depress the 
intellect, or to corrupt the morals. 

The Lowell Bank, with a capital of $250,000, 
was chartered in 1823. The Savings Bank was 
chartered in 1829, and has its office at the Low- 
ell Bank. The Railroad Bank was chartered in 
1831, with a capital of $800,000, to facilitate the 
financial affairs of the manufacturing companies, 
most of which pay their operatives in its bills. 

The territory of Lowell does not exceed 2 ms. 
square. The Indian name of it was Wa7nsit, the 
seat of a tribe of praying Indians, at the break- 
ing out of Philip's war, in 1765. It was named 
in honor of Francis C. Lowell, of Boston, distin- 
guished for his efforts to introduce the cotton man- 
ufacture into the United States. 

That a place which, 20 years since, had not a 
"local habitation, nor a name," should have be- 
come the second place in population in Massa- 
chusetts, the fourteenth in the United States, 
larger than any city s. of the Potomac, excepting 
Charleston and New Orleans, is proof of what 
manufactures, properly conducted, can accom- 
plish. Nor have these manufacturers benefited 
themselves more than they have promoted the 
public interest, ('ottons which, 20 years since, 
would have cost 30 cents a yard, can now be 
I purchased for 6 cents ; and such establishments 
I as those at Lowell, have wrought this change. 



LOW 



361 



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There were in 1840, 191 retail stores, capital 
$373,300 ; 5 lumber yards, cap. $19,000 ; 1 fur- 
nace, cap. $3,500 ; 4 fulling m., 8 woollen foe, 
cap. .S55 1,300 ; 2G cotton fac. 105,000 sp., 3 dye- 
ing and printing estab., total cap. $8,000,000 ; 3 
powder m., cap. 1^150,000 ; 1 paper fac, capital 
$8,000 ; 1 flouring m., 3 grist m., I saw m., cap. 
$50,000 ; 2 printing offices, 2 binderies, 3 weeiily, 
2 semi-weekly newspapers, and 1 periodical, cap. 
$10,000. Total c.ip. in manufac. $8,837,460. 7 
acad. 1,311 studenis, 28 sch. 4,306 scholars. 

Lowell, p-o., Washington co., O., 96 e. s. e. 
Columbus, 312 W. 

LowELLViLLE, p-v., TrumbuU co., O., 184 .\. 
E. Columbus, 297 W. 

Lower, t.. Cape May co., N. J. It is the most 
southern t. in the .state, bounded s. by the Atlan- 
tic, and w. by Delaware bay. More than half 
of it is covered with sea-beach and salt marsh ; 
soil of the remainder, clay. Drained by Pond, 
New England, and Cox Hall creeks. Cape May, 
island and light-house, are in the t. It has 6 
stores, cap. $9,100; 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$200. 6 sch. 240 scholars. Pop. 1,133. 

Lower Bartlett, p-o., Coos co., N. H., 74 
N. N. E. Concord, 560 W. 

Lower Alloways Creek, t., Salem co., N. 
J., 9 s. Salem. The surface is level, more than 
half of which is marsh meadow, extensively em- 
banked ; soil on the e. a deep clay and loam, 
well cultivated. Drained by Hope, Deep, and 
Muddy creeks, which flow into the Delaware. 
It contains a Methodist and a Friends church. 
It has 4 stores, cap. $4,800 ; 1 grist m. Cap. in 
manufac. $1,047. Pop. 1,252. 

Lower Berne, p-o., Berne t., Berks co., Pa., 
60 E. Harrisburg, 153 W. 

Lower Blue Lick, p-o., Nicholas co., Ky., 
68 e. by N. Frankfort, 485 W. 

Lower Chan'ceford, p-t., York co., Pa., 51 
s. s. E. Harrisburg, 91 W. Susquehanna r. 
bounds it on the E., and Muddy cr., a branch of 
the Susquehanna, on the s. w. and s. Watered 
by Tom's cr. and Orson's run. McCall's ferry 
here crosses the Susquehanna. It has 4 stores, 
cap. $8,500 ; 1 woollen fac, 1 furnace, 1 forge, 
1 tannery, 1 paper fac, 3 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $21,770. 5 sch. 125 scholars. Population 
1,291. 

Lower Chichester, t., Delaware co., Pa., 
20 s. w. Philadelphia. Watered by Hook cr., a 
branch of Naaman's cr. The surface is level ; 
soil, loam. It has excellent apple orchards. It 
has 2 stores, cap. $2,600 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen 
fac, 2 cotton fac. 14,056 sp., 1 tannery, 2 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $90,700. 1 sch. 88 scholars. 
Pop. 666. 

Lower Dublin, t., Philadelphia co., Pa. Sur- 
face, gentle declivities ; soil, sandy loam. Drain- 
ed by Pennypack cr. and Saw Mill run, which 
afford water power. It contains 3 Baptist, 1 
Episcopal, and 1 Methodist church. It has 12 
stores, cap. $23,100 ; 1 lumber yard, cap. $5,000 ; 
5 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $231,825. 
5 acad. 235 students, 3 sch. 73 scholars. Pop. 
3,298. 

Lower Gilmanton, p-o., Gilmanton t., Bel- 
knap CO., N. H., 18 N. by e. Concord, 499 W. 

Lower Kinzua, p-o., Warren co., Pa., 217 n. 
w. Harrisburg, 309. 

Lower Macungy, t., Lehigh co.. Pa. The 
surface is level ; soil, calcareous loam. It has 5 
stores, cap. $24,000 ; 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 2 
distilleries, 6 grist m., 3 saw m., 1 oil ra. Cap. 
in manufac. $40,030. Pop. 2,156. 

Lower Mahanov, t., Northumberland co.. Pa. 
It has 3 stores, cap. $1,200 ; 2 tanneries, 4 distil- 
46 



leries, 2 potteries, 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$7,325. 4 sch. 107 scholars. Pop. 1,199. 

Lower Mahantango, p-t., Schuylkill co., Pa., 
55 N. E. Harrisburg, 165 W. Crossed by Broad 
and Sharp's mountains. Its valleys are fertile ; 
soil, red shale. Watered by Deep and Swatara 
creeks. Anthracite coal is found. It has 4 
stores, cap. ,$10,000; 2 tanneries, 5 grist m., 13 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $700. 1 sch. 30 scho- 
lars. Pop. 1,465. 

Lower Makefield, t., Bucks co.. Pa., 24 n. 
E. Philadelphia. The surface is rolling ; soil, 
clay and sandy loam. Delaware canal runs 
along its E. boundary. It has 2 stores, cap. 
$7,000 ; 1 lumber yard, cap. $3,000 ; 1 tannery, 

2 grist m., 2 saw m. Can. in manufac. $16,750. 
4 sch. 231 scholars. Pop! 1,550. 

Lower Loutre, t., Montgomery co.. Mo. 
Pop. 1,307. 

Lower Marlborough, p-v., Calvert co., 3Id., 
41 s. w. Annapolis. Pop. 100. 

Lower Merion, pt., Montgomery co., Pa., 
93 E. Harrisburg, 150 W. Watered by Schuyl- 
kill r. and Mill and Cobb's creeks. The surface 
is rolling ; soil, a fertile loam. It has 9 stores, 
cap. $13,950; 2 lumber yards, cap. $6,500; 2 
woollen fac, 3 cotton fac. 1,532 sp., 7 paper fac, 

3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $117,170. 
6 sch. 734 scholars. Pop. 2,827. 

Lower Middletox, b., Swatara t., Dauphin, 
CO., Pa. Situated near the junction of Swatara 
and Susquehanna rivers, and at the union of the 
Pennsylvania and Union canals. It was incor- 
porated in 1829, and contains 2 churches, 7 stores, 
and about 200 dwellings. 4 sch. 210 scholars. 
Pop. 756. 

Lower Mt. Bethel, t., Northampton co.. Pa. 
It has 7 stores, cap. $15,500 ; 5 tanneries, 1 pow- 
der m., 1 flouring m., 8 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $45,360. 5 sch. 185 scholars. Pop. 
2,957. 

Lower Nazareth, t., Northampton co.. Pa. 
The surface is level ; soil, calcareous loam. 
Drained by Manookisy cr. It has 2 stores, cap. 
$5,000; 2 lumber yards, cap. $2,000; 2 sch. 116 
scholars. Pop. 1,201. 

Lower 0.\ford, t., Chester co.. Pa., 41 s. w. 
Philadelphia. The surface is gently uneven ; 
soil, loam. Watered by branches of Octarara 
and Elk creeks. The v., called Oxford, contains 
1 Presbyterian church, 2 stores, and 15 or 20 
dwellings. There are in the t. 4 stores, cap. 
$9,000; 1 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 3 cotton fac. 
2,500 sp., 1 tannery, 2 paper fac, 4 grist m., 6 
saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $53,125. 3 
sch. 75 scholars. Pop. 1,223. 

Lower Peach Tree, p-o., Wilcox co., Ala., 
115 s. Tuscaloosa, 907 W. 

Lower Paxto.n, t., Dauphin co.. Pa., 6 n. e. 
Harrisburg. Watered by Beaver and Paxton's 
creeks. Blue mountain runs on it.s n. border. 
It has 2 stores, cap. $4,000 ; 1 woollen fac, 1 
tannery, 1 distillery, 1 grist m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $5,150. 1 sch."45 scholars. Pop. 1,337. 

Lower Penns Neck, N. J. (See Penns Neck, 
Lower.) 

Lower PROvinExcE, t., Montgomery co.. Pa. 
The surface is hilly ; soil, red shale. Drained 
by Perkiomen and "Shippack creeks. Lead ore 
is found on the former. It has 5 stores, cap 
$21, ,500; 1 tannery, 1 flouring m., 7 grist m., 1 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,646. 4 sch. 268 
scholars. Pop. 1,413. 

Lower Rock Island, p-o.. Rock Island co., 
m., 165 N. N. w. Springfield, 894 W. 

Lower Salem, p-o., Salem t., Wasliinglon 
CO., O., 114 E. s. E. Columbus, 302 W. 



LOW 



362 



LOY 



Lower Salford, t., Montgomery co., Pa., 25 
N. w. Philadelphia. Drained by branches of 
Perkiomen and Sliippack creeks. The surface 
is rolling; soil, red shale and loam. It has 4 
stores, cap. $10,500 ; 1 tannery, 4 grist m., 1 saw 
m. Cap. in mannfac. $3,350. 5 sch. 200 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,141. 

Lower Sandusky, p-v., Sandusky t., capital 
of Sandusky co., O., 105 n. Columbus, 423 W. 
Situated on the w. bank of Sandusky r., which 
is navigable to this place for small steamboats. 
It contains a court house, 2 churches, 10 stores, 
2 warehouses, I grist m., and 1 saw m. Fort 
Stevenson was situated here, where Col. Croghan 
made a gallant defence, in the last war, against 
the British and Indians. The remains of it are 
still seen. Pop. of t. 1,117. 

Lower Saucon, p-t., Northampton co.. Pa., 
99 E. N. E. Harrisburg, 192 W. The surface is 
hilly ; soil, gravel and calcareous loam. Wa- 
tered by Lehigh r. and Saucon cr. and its tribu- 
taries. Two bridges here cross tlie Lehigh. It 
contains the v. of Hellerstown. It has 5 stores, 
cap. $18,000 ; 2 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 
1 paper iac, 2 flouring m., 7 grist m., 4 saw m., 1 
oil m. Cap. in manufac. $70,200. 7 sch. 350 
scholars. Pop. 2,710. 

Lower St. Clair, t., Alleghany co., Pa. The 
surface is hilly ; soil, loam. Monongahela and 
Ohio rivers bound it on the n. Drained by 
Chartier's cr. and Saw Mill run. Coal abounds 
on the bank of the r. It contains the v. of Bir- 
mingham, opposite to, and 1 mile below Pitts- 
burg. It has 5 stores, cap. $13,800; 3 furnaces, 
1 lumber yard, cap. $5,000 ; 1 tannery, 2 glass 
fac, 2 flouring m., 2 grist m., 3 saw m., 1 oil m. 
Cap. in manufac. $72,200. 1 acad. 12 students, 
12 sch. 600 scholars. Pop. 4,373. 

Lower Swatara, t., Dauphin co.. Pa., 5 s. e. 
Harrisburg. Susquehanna r. bounds it on the s. 
w. The surftice is hilly : soil, calcareous loam 
and slate. Watered by Spring and other creeks. 
Harrisburg lies partly in this t. It has 3 stores, 
cap. $5,900; 4 lumber yards, cap. $31,000; 2 
flouring m., 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $1,900. 2 sch. 95 scholars. Pop. 1,258. 

Lower Smitiifield, t., Monroe co.. Pa. It 
has 6 stores, cap. $14,000 ; 4 tanneries, 1 grist m., 
5 saw m. C'ap. in manufac. $5,500. Pop. 1,192. 

Lower Three Runs, p-o., Barnwell dist., S. 
C, 128 s. Columbia, 624 W. 

Lower Waterford, p-o., Caledonia co., Vt., 
53 E. N. E. Montpelier, 543 W. 

Lower Windsor, t., York co.. Pa. It has 5 
stores, cap. $11,100; 1 furnace, 1 forge, 1 tanne- 
ry, 2 distilleries, 1 flouring m., 4 grist m., 3 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $35,015. 7 sch. 150 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,687. 

Lowe's, p-o., Robertson co., Tenn., 22 s. w. 
Nashville, 706 W. 

Low Hill, p-t., Lehigh co.. Pa., 88 e. n. e. 
Harrisburg, 181 W. The surface is hilly; soil, 
white gravel. It contains a Lutheran church in 
its s. w. part. It has 4 stores, cap. $7,500; 1 
tannery, 5 distilleries, 5 grist m., 4 saw m., 2 oil 
m. Cap. in manufac. $1,500. 4 sch. 120 schol- 
ars. Pop. 854. 

Low's Ferrv, p-o., Natchitoches parish, La., 
417 N. w. by w. New Orleans, 1,346 W. 

Loweville, p-v., Madison co., Ala., 163 n. n. 
E. Tuscaloosa, 705 W. Situated on the e. side 
of Flint r. 

Low Hampton, p-o., Hampton t., Washington 
CO., N. Y., 78 N. N. E. Albany, 448 W. 

LowMAN, p-o., Lewis co., Va., 307 w. n. w. 
Richmond, 276 W. Situated on Hughes' r., a 
branch of Little Kanawha, which is navigable 



for small vessels. Great quantities of lumber 
pass down the r. 

Lowndes, county, Ga. Situated in the s. part 
of the slate, and contains 2,080 sq. ms. Watered 
by Suwannee and Withlacoochee rivers. Capi- 
tal, Troupsville. There were in 1840, neat cat- 
tle 41,003, sheep 2,458, swine 20,349; wheat 
2,383 bush, produced, Ind. corn 130,198, buck- 
wheat 56,285, oats 1,172, potatoes 25,512, cotton 
275,696 pounds ; 5 stores, cap. $40,000 ; ] distil- 
lery, 9 grist m., 5 saw m. 1 sch. 12 scholars. 
Pop. whites 4,394, slaves 1,177, free col'd 3: 
total, 5,574. 

Lowndes, county, Ala. Situated a little s. of 
the centre of the state, and contains 1,600 sq. ms. 
Alabama r. bounds it on the n., by branches of 
which it is watered. Capital, Haynesville. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 3,750, sheep 801, 
swine 97,365 ; wheat 1,421 bush, produced, rye 
1,736, Ind. corn 162,540, oats 11,113, polaloes 
10,353, rice 4,743 pounds, cotton 803,932 ; 30 
stores, cap. $129,300 ; 3 tanneries. Cap. hi man- 
ufac. $4,750. 4 acad. 247 students, 3 sch. 100 
scholars. Pop. whites 6,956, slaves 12,569, free 
col'd 14 ; total, 19,539. 

Lowndes, county. Miss. Situated in the e. 
part of the state, and contains 324 sq. ms. Drained 
by Tombigbee r. and its branches. Surface un- 
dulating ; soil, fertile. Capital, Columbus. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 11,960, sheep 3,669, 
swine 29,463 ; wheat 13,668 bush, produced, Ind. 
corn 57.5,140, oats 39,915, potatoes 3,100, cotton 
7,153,056 pounds; 20 stores, cap. $190,000; 10 
tanneries. 9 grist m., 8 saw m., 17 oil m., 2 print- 
ing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $36,600 ; 1 college, 54 students, 2 acad. 75 
students, 8 sch. 221 scholars. Pop. whites 5,730, 
slaves 8,771, free col'd 12 ; total, 14,513. 

Lowndes, p-o., Wayne co., Mo., 209 s. e. 
Jeflierson City, 920 W. 

LowNDESBORouGti, p-v., Lowndes co., Ala., 
118 s. E. by s. Tuscaloosa, 858 W. 

LoWiNDEsviLLE, p-v., Abbeville dist., S. C, 
113 w. Columbia, 550 W. 

Lowrance's Mill, p-o., Lincoln co., N. C, 
166 w. Raleigh, 403 W. 

Lowther's Run, p-o., Lewis co., Va., 299 w. 
n. w. Richmond, 267 VV. 

LowviLLE, p-t., Lewis co., N. Y., 137 n. w. 
Albany, 436 W. The surface is rolling ; soil 
very lertile, particularly on Black r., which 
bounds it on the e. The v. contains 3 churches 
— 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist — an 
academy, a bank, 7 stores, 1 flouring m., 1 sawm., 
100 dwellings, and about 650 inhabitants. There 
are in the t. 6 stores, cap. $11,800 ; 1 fulling m., 8 
saw m., 3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 printing office, 
1 weekly newspaper, 1 flouring m., 3 grist m. 
Cap. in manufac. $23,465. 16 sch. 601 scholars. 
Pop. 2,047. 

Lloyd's, p-o., Essex co., V^a., 54 N. E. Rich- 
mond, 98 W. 

Loyalhannaii, t., Westmoreland co., Pa. It 
has 8 sch. 240 scholars. Pop. 1,130. 

LoYALSocK, t., Lycoming co.. Pa. It has 1 
store, cap. $1,000; 1 furnace, 1 forge, 1 distillery, 
1 grist ni., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $39,500. 
5 sch. 145 scholars. Pop. 1,107. 

LoYALsocK, r.. Pa., rises in Bradford co., and 
falls into the w. branch of Susque'nanna r., 4 ms. 
below Williamsport. 

Loydsville, p-v., Belmont co., O., 109 e. Co- 
lumbus, 284 W. 

LoYSBURG, p-o., Bedford co.. Pa., 109 w. by s. 
Harrisburg, 135 W. 

Loy's Cross Roads, p-o., Anderson co.. Term., 
194 e. NashviUe, 500 W. 



LUM 



363 



LUR 



LuBEC, p-t., and port of entry, Washington co., 
Me., 180 E. N. E. Augusta, 76C W. Situated at 
the \v. entrance of Passamaquoiidy bay, where is 
a light-house, on a point of land. It ha.s a good 
harbor, protected by Grand Menan island. It 
has a number of bays and entrances, and some 
islands. The soil is fertile. It has 13 stores, 
cap. S!3S,000 ; 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 9 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. §91,517. 12 sch. 847 scholars. 
Pop. 2,307. 

Lucas, county, O. Situated in the n. w. part 
of the state, and contains 600 sq. ms. Maumee 
r. runs on its s. e. border. Watered by St. Jo- 
seph's r. and Bear cr. The surface is level ; 
soil, fertile. Capital, Toledo. There were in 
J810, neat cattle 11,597, sheep 3,103, swine 
18,381 ; wlieat 103,838 bush, produced, rye 5,245, 
Ind. corn 154,017, buckwheat 13,968. barley 
59,922, oats 62,444, potatoes 122,904, sugar 14,061 
pounds; 6 commission houses, cap. $26,350; 41 
stores, cap. $,^7,115; 1 brewery, 5 grist m., 19 
saw m., 3 printing offices. Cap. in manufac. 
$74,365. 43 sch. 1,151 scholars. Population, 
9,3x2. 

LucAsviLLE, p-t., JefTerson t, Scioto co., O., 
78 s. Columbus, 412 W. 

Lucerne, p-o., Washtenaw co., Mich., 33 w. 
Detroit, 542 W. 

LucKsviLLE, p-o.. Hall co., Ga., 124 n. n. w. 
Milledgeville, 627 W. 

Lucy's Creek, p-o.. Gasconade co., Mo., 22 
E. Jefferson City, 914 W. 

Ludlow, p-t., Windsor co., Vt., 80 s. Montpe- 
lier, 472 W. Chartered in 1761. The surface is 
mountainous ; soil adapted to grazing. Watered 
by Black r., on which is a pleasant v., containing 
a church, several stores, and 30 or 40 dwellings. 
The Congregationalists, Baptists, and Methodists 
have churches in the t. There are in the t. 3 
stores, cap. $10,500 ; 3 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 
2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. §19,260. 1 acad. 130 students, 16 sch. 488 
scholars. Pop. 1,363. 

Ludlow, p-t., Hampden co., Mass., 82 w. by 
s. Boston, 373 W. Watered by Chickapee r., 
whicli affords water power. Incorporated in 
1774. It has 1 store, cap. $2,000 ; 1 grist m., 3 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,000. 10 sch. 250 
scholars. Pop. 1,26S. 

Ludlowville, p-v., Lansing t., Tompkins co., 
N. Y., 172 w. by s. Albany, 305 W. Situated on 
Salmon cr., where is a fall of nearly 100 feet. It 
contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist church, 
4 stores, 2 flouring m., 1 saw m., 1 oil m., 1 cloth- j 
ier's works, 1 tannery, 90 dwellings, and about 
450 inhabitants. 

Lumber City, p-v., Telfair co., Ga., 138 s. by | 
E. Milledgeville, 750 W. 

Lumber, t., Clinton co.. Pa. It lias 1 grist m. 
Cap. in manufac. $1,000. Pop. 105. 

LuMBERLAND, p-t., Sullivan CO., N. Y., 129 s. 
w. Albany, 287 W. The surfice is liilly ; soil, 
gravelly loam, timbered with oak and pine. 
Drained by Mongoup r. and otlier branches of 
Delaware r., which runs on its s. w. border. It 
has 9 stores, cap. $4,510; 3 grist m., 39 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $69,200. 4 sch. 272 scholars. 
Pop. 1,205. 

LuMBERPORT, p-v., HarrisoH co., Va., 261 n. 
w. Richmond, 221 W. 

Lumber, r., N. C. and S. C, a n. e. branch of 
Little Pedee r., which it enters on the boundary 
between Marion and Horry districts. 

LuMBERTON, p-v., Clinton co., O., 74 s. w. Co- 
lumbus, 453 W. 

Lu.MBERTON, p-v., Capital of Robeson co., N. 
C, 91 s. by w. Raleigh 379 W. Situated on the 



E. bank of Lumber r. It contains a court house, 
jail, and several stores and dwellings. 

LuMBERviLLE, p v., Solebury t., Bucks co. 
Pa., 117 E. llarrisburg, 17 J W. "Situated on the 
w. bank of Delaware r., and contains 2 stores, 1 
grist m., and 15 or 16 dwellings. It has consid- 
erable trade in lumber. 

Lumpkin, county, Ga. Situated in the n. part 
of the state, and contains 700 sq. ms. Drained 
by Etowali and t'hestatee rivers, and their 
branches. Surface, iiilly ; soil on the streams, 
very fertile. It contains the richest gold mines 
in the country. Capital, Dahlonega. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 5,602, sheep 2,1 16, swine 
14,383; wheat 10,061 bush, produced, rye 777, 
Ind. corn 214,754, oats 9,924, potatoes 7,813, to- 
bacco 4,217 pounds, cotton 17,812; 36 stores, 
cap. $91,500; 91 smelting houses produced gold 
to the value of $74, 160 ; 1 tannery, 27 distilleries, 
1 pottery, 29 grist m,, 10 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $2,920. 14 sch. 352 scholars. Pop. whites 
5,143, slaves 516, free col'd 12 ; total 5,671. 

Lu.MPKiN, p-v., capital of Stewart co., Ga., 137 
s. w. Milledgeville, 793 W. Situated on the s. 
side of Hannahatchee cr., 16 ms. e. from its en- 
trance into Chattahoochee r. It contains a court 
house, jail, 1 Baptist and 1 Methodist church, 14 
stores, and 36 dwellings. 

Lunenburg, county, Va. Situated in the s. 
part of the state, and contains 410 sq. ms. Drain- 
ed by Meherrin r. and its branches. Capital, 
Lewistown. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
7,470, sheep 9,004, swine 15,805 ; wheat 26,824 
bush, produced, Ind. corn 274,547, oats 138,245, 
potatoes 10,136, tobacco 2,640,000 pounds, cotton 
8,590; 30 stores, cap. $111,152; 3 tanneries, 22 
grist m., 6 saw m., 12 sch. 230 scholars. Pop. 
whites 4,132, slaves 6,707, free col'd 216 ; total, 
11,055. 

Lunenburg, p-t., Essex co., Vt., 58 e. n. e. 
Montpelier, 567 W. Situated on the w. side of 
Connecticut r., which runs on its s. e. border. 
Fifteen Mile falls, on that r., commence in the s. 
e. part of the t. Watered by iNeal's pond and 
Neal's branch, which passes through it, and Cat- 
bow branch, which afford good water power. It 
has a Congregational and a Baptist church. 
Chartered in 1763. It contains 2 stores, cap. 
$4,500 ; 1 fulling m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $3,800. 1 1 sch. 377 scholars. Pop. 1,130. 

Lunenburg, p-t., Worcester co., Alass., 46 n. 
w. Boston, 428 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, 
fertile. Watered by brancites of Nashau r. In- 
corporated in 172S. It contains 1 store, cap. 
$5,000 ; 2 tanneries, 2 printing ofiices, 1 bindery, 

1 grist m, 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. ,$29,161. 
10 sch. 424 scholars. Pop. 1,272. 

Lunenburg, C. H., p-v., and capital of Lunen- 
burg CO., Va., 78 s. vv. Richmond, 197 W. It 
contains a handsome brick court house, with a 
portico of 4 columns in front, jail, clerk's office, 

2 stores, 20 dwellings, and about 100 inhabit- 
ants. (See Lewistown.) 

LuNEv's Creek, p-o.. Hardy co., Va., 190 n. 
w. Richmond, 142 W. 

LuRAY, p-v., capital of Page co., Va., 130 n. 
w. Richmond, 96 W. Situated on Hawksbill 
cr. Organized in 1814, when the first house 
was built. It contains a court house, jail, 2 
churches — 1 Baptist and 1 Methodist — I stores, 1 
tannery, 50 dwellmgs, and 400 inhabitants. 

LuRAV, p-v.. Union t., Licking co., O., 25 e. 
Columbus, 368 W. It contains 1 church, 2 
stores, and 109 inhabitants. It is surrounded by 
a rich and fertile country. 

LuRAY, p-v., Henry co., la., 57 e. ladianapoli?, 
538 W. 



LYK 



364 



LYN 



LuRGAN, t., Franklin co., Pa., 13 n. Chambers- 
burg. The surface is a level valley ; soil, slate. 
Drained by the n. and s. branch of Conedogwin- 
nit cr. It has 3 stores, cap. $i,500; 2 tanneries, 
5 grist ni., 6 saw in., 2 oil m. Cap. in manufac. 
$10,000. 7 sch. 230 scholars. Pop. 1,143. 

Lusk'.s Mills, p-c, Parke co., la., 74 w. Indian- 
apolis, 645 W. 

LuTHERSBURG, p-v., Clearfield co.. Pa., 145 n. 
w. Harrisburg, 237 W. 

LuTHERViLLE, p-v., Mcriwcther co., Ga., 108 
w. Milledgeviile, 727 W. 

Luzerne, county, Pa. Situated toward the 
N. E. part of the state, and contains 1,310 sq. ms. 
Watered by Susquehanna r. The surface is 
greatly diversified. The valleys are fertile. 
Much of it is incapable of cultivation. Anthra- 
cite coal is extensively found. Capital, VVilkes- 
barre. There were in 1840, neat cattle 30,241, 
sheep 52,415, swine 37,007; wheat 214,389 bush, 
produced, rye 97,504, Indian corn 252,235, buck- 
wheat 131,923, oats 319,094, potatoes 384,217, 
anthracite coal 207,878 ; 132 stores, capital 
$537,400; 6 furnaces, 1 forge, 12 fulling m., 1 
woollen iac, 24 tanneries, 5 distilleries, 2 brew- 
eries, 4 powder m., 1 pottery, 1 rope fac, 30 
flouring m., 45 grist m., 212 saw m., 1 paper fac, 
2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. 
in manufac. $860,390. 5 acad. 140 students, 182 
sch. 7,418 scholars. Pop. 44,006. 

Luzerne, t., Fayette co., Pa., 12 n. w. Union- 
town. The surface is level ; soil, calcareous 
loam. It lies on the great bend of Monongahela 
r., which bounds it n. and w. Drained by Dun- 
lap's cr., across which is a bridge, connecting it 
with Brownsville. It has 3 stores, cap. $6,000 ; 
2 tanneries, 4 flouring ra., 3 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $5,330. 4 schools, 95 scholars. Pop. 
1,715. 

Luzerne, p-t., Warren co., N. Y. Situated on 
the E. side of Hudson r. The surface is hilly, 
excepting near the Hudson. The v., situated on 
the E. side of the r., contains 1 church, 3 stores, 
1 grist m., I saw m., 1 clothier's works, 40 dwell- 
ings, and about 250 inhabitants. There are in 
the t. 4 stores, cap. $1,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tan- 
nery, 2 grist m., 21 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$1,500. 11 sch. 435 scholars. Pop. 1,284. 

Lycoming, county. Pa. Situated a little n. of 
the centre of the state, and contains 1,600 square 
miles. Drained by the w. branch of Susquehan- 
na r. and its tributaries. The surface is broken 
and mountainous ; the soil, in the valleys and on 
the streams, is fertile. A canal passes along the 
w. branch of Susquehanna r., through the co., 
connecting with the Pennsylvania canal, at the 
mouth of the Juniata. Capital, Williamsport. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 16,713, sheep 
24,548, swine 26,030; wheal 231,757 bushels 
produced, rye 116,939, Indian corn 177,032, buck- 
wheat 63,209, oats 208,715, potatoes 194,113, 
sugar 33,242 pounds ; 67 stores, cap. $252,400 ; 
9 lumber yards, cap. $2,600; 1 fulling m., 9 
woollen fac, 20 tanneries, 1 1 distilleries, 1 pot- 
tery, 3 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers, 1 
flouring m., 43 grist m., 55 saw m., 2 oil m. Cap. 
in manufac. $374 683. 3 acad 52 students, 118 
sch. 4,094 scholars. Pop. 22,649. 

Lycoming, t., Lycoming co., Pa. The sur- 
face is mountainous, excepting on the streams, 
■where, and in the valleys, is fertile land. Soil, 
calcareous loam. Drained by Lycoming creek, 
which flows into the Susquehanna r. It has 4 
stores, cap. $16,000 ; 3 tanneries, 3 grist m., 8 
saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $22,250. 1 acad. 8 
students, 6 sch. 183 scholars. Pop. 1,917. 

Lykens, t., Dauphin co., Pa., 26 n. Harrisburg. 



The surface is mountainous ; soil, red shale. 
Watered by Wiconisco, Little, and Mahantango 
creeks. It contains coal, very easy of access. It 
has 3 stores, cap. §8,500 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanne- 
ries, 2 distilleries, 5 flouring m., 1 grist m., 7 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $19,400. 8 sch. 295 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,409. 

Lykin.s, t., Crawford co., O., 8 N. by w. Bucy- 
rus. It has 8 sch. 246 scholars. Pop. 742. 

Lyman, p-t., York co.. Me., 72 s. w. Augusta, 
523 W. Watered by branches of the Saco and 
Kcnnebunk rivers, the latter of which rises in a 
pond near its centre. It has 3 stores, capital 
$1,200; 1 grist m., 5 saw m., 13 sch. 545 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,478. 

Lyman, p-t., Grafton co., N. II., 107 n. n. w. 
Concord, 533 W. Watered by Burnham's r., a 
branch of Ammonoosuc r. Connecticut r. runs on 
its w. boundary, and here is a part of the Fit- 
teen Mile falls, which terminate a little below. It 
has 2 stores, cap. $7,000 ; 3 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $2,350. 9 sch. 580 scholars. Pop. 1,480. 

LvMAN Centre, p-o., Lyman t., York co., Me., 
74 s. w. Augusta, 522 W. 

Lymansville, p-v.. Potter co., Pa., 167 n. n. 
w. Harrisburg, 277 W. 

Lyme, p-t., Grafton co., N/ II., 53 n. w. Con- 
cord, 498 W. Connecticut r. runs on its w. bor- 
der, by small branches of which it is watered. 
The surface is uneven ; soil, generally fertile. 
Chartered in 1764. It has 3 stores, cap. $19,000 ; 
1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 11 saw in. 
Cap. in manufac. $22,100. 1 acad. 100 students, 
16 sch. 531 scholars. Pop. 1,785. 

Lyme, p-t., New London co., Ct., 45 s. by E. 
Hartford, 338 W. Incorporated in 1667. Situ- 
ated on the e. side of Connecticut river, at its 
mouth, where is a ferry to Saybrook. Near the 
sound, the surface is level, or moderately hilly, 
with considerable salt marsh. Toward the n. 
the surface is stony and mountainous, where the 
soil is chiefly adapted to grazing. There are 6 
churches in the t.-— 4 Congregational, and 2 Bap- 
tist. The V. is on a plain, and on one street, 
half a mile e. of the river. There are in the t. 
8 stores, cap. $35,050 ; 1 lumber yard, capital 
$3,000 ; 3 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 3 tanneries, 

6 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $23,900. 
18 sch. 847 scholars. Pop. 2,85C). 

Lyme, t., Jefferson co., N. Y., 12 w. Water- 
town, 172 N. w. Albany. The surface is gently 
undulating ; soil, a fertile, sandy, and marly 
loam. Watered by Chaumonl r. ; bounded by 
St. Lawrence r. on the w., and by Lake On- 
tario on the s., in which are several islands be- 
longing to the t. It has 9 stores, cap. $23,000 ; 
1 tannery, 1 grist m., 13 saw in. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $20,851 ; 14 sch. 466 scholars. Pop. 5,472. 

Ly.me, p-t., Huron co., O., 99 n. by e. Columbus, 
402 W. The v. is situated on the border of a 
beautiful prairie, and contains 1 church, a store, 
and a number of dwellings. The t. has 1 store, 
cap. ,$500 ; 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. .$1,000. 

7 sch. 313 scholars. Pop. 1,320. 
Lynchburg, p-v., Campbell co., Va., 116 w. 

by s. Richmond, 191 W. Situated on the s. bank 
of James r., 2J ms. below its passage through 
the Blue Ridge. In 1793 it contained but 5 
houses. Incorporated in 18U5. It contains 7 
churches — 2 Presbyterian, 2 Methodist, 1 Bap- 
tist, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Roman Catholic There 
is a Friends church in the vicinity. It has 6 
warehouses in which from 15 to 20,000,!.OL) lbs. 
of tobacco are annually inspected. It has 128 
stores and groceries, 22 tobacco fac, which 
manufacture fi'om 35 to 40,000 boxes of tobacco 
annually, 1 large cotton fac, 1 iron foundry, 3 



LYN 



365 



LYS 



large flouring m., 15 classical schools, 1,000 
houses, and 6,395 inhabitants. The James r. 
and Kanawha canal connects this place with 
Richmond. On it are 5 handsome packet-boats 
for passengers, and about 40 freight-boats, of 
from 60 to 100 tons burden. The back country 
and trade of this place are very extensive. 

Lynchburg, p-v., Lincoln co., Tenn., 78 s. 
Nashville, 701 W. Situated on one of the head 
branches of Elk r. 

Lynchburg, p-v., Dodson t.. Highland co., O., 
83 s. w. Columbus, 451 W. Situated on the e. 
fork of Little Miami r., and contains 2 stores, 1 
grist m., 1 saw m., 1 carding machine, 2 tanne- 
ries, 30 dwellings, and about 150 inhabitants. 

Lynch's Creek, p-o., Williamsburg dist., S. 
C, 151 E. by s. Columbia, 448 W. The stream 
rises in N. C, and after a course of 120 ms., flows 
into Great Pedee r., in Williamsburg dist., S. C. 
It is navigable for more than 60 miles. 

LvNCHWooD, p-v., Kershaw dist., S. C, 51 n. 
E. Columbia, 365 W. 

LvNDEBOROUGH, p-t., Hillsboro' county, N. H., 
33 s. s. w. Concord, 461 W. The surface is 
mostly uneven and rough ; soil, well adapted to 
grazing. Incorporated in 1764. Drained by 
branches of Souhegan r. It has 1 store, capital 
$1,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 grist m., 6 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,265. 12 sch. 334 
scholars. Pop. 1,032. 

Lyndon, p-t., Caledonia co., Vt., 44 n. e. Mont- 
pelier, 551 W. The surface is undulating; soil, 
very productive. Watered by Pasumsic river, 
which has 2 considerable falls, and affords ex- 
tensive water power. The v. is pleasant, and 
has considerable trade. There are in the t. 4 
stores, cap. $12,000; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 2 
grist m., 8 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. 
$18,210. 1 acad. 131 students, 16 sch. 607 scliol- 
ars. Pop. 1,753. 

Lyndon, t., Cattaraugus co., N. Y., 18 e. Elli- 
cottville, 274 w. Albany. The surface is'undu- 
lating soil ; sandy and gravelly loam. Drained by 
Ischua and Oil creeks. It has 7 sch. 225 schol- 
ars. Pop. 628. 

Lyndon, v., Yates t., Orleans co., N. Y, It 
contains 2 churches, 3 stores, 1 flouring m., 1 
saw m., 1 furnace, 1 tannery, 60 dwellings, and 
about 400 inliabitants, 

Lyndon, p-v., Whitesides county. 111., ISO n. 
Springfield, 855 W. 

Lyndon Centre, p-o., Lyndon t,, Caledonia 
CO., Vt,, 46 N. E. Montpelier, 556 W. 

Lynesville, p-v., Granville co., N. C, 54 n. 
Raleigh, 241 W. 

Lynn, p-t., Essex county, Mass., 9 n. e. Boston, 
449 W. The ocean washes its s. border, and in 
the s. E. is excellent salt marsh. Watered by 
Saugus r. The surface is level, with rocky hills 
to the N. The v. contains 8 churches — 3 Metho- 
dist, 2 Congregational, 1 Friends, 1 Baptist, and 
1 Universalist — 2 banks, besides 1 for savings, 
and an academy. The peninsula of Nahant is a 
rocky promontory in the ocean, connected with a 
smaller peninsula, called Little Nahant, by a 
beach, and both are connected with the shore by 
a beach a mile and a half long, barely sufficient- 
ly elevated not to be overflowed. A splendid 
hotel, at the e. end of the peninsula, receives 
numerous visiters in the summer season. Lynn 
has long been celebrated for the manufacture 
of ladies' shoes, and produces over 2,500,000 



pairs annually. It has 36 stores, cap. $134,000 , 

1 rope fac, 3 grist m., 1 saw m., 2 printing offices, 
4 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufactures, 
$408,700. 6 acad. 133 students, 10 sch. 1,035 
scholars. Pop, 9,367. 

Lynn, p-o,, Susquehanna co., Pa., 169 N. N. E. 
Harrisburg, 276 W. 

Lynv, t., Lehigh co.. Pa. It has 7 stores, cap. 
$19,100 ; 1 woollen fac, 4 tanneries, 50 distiller- 
ies, 1 powder m., 10 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac $8,500. 7 sch. 312 scholars. Pop. 1,895. 

Lynn, t., Posey co., la. It has 1 flouring m., 

2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,000, 
Pop. 845, 

Lynn Camp, p-o., Knox co., Ky., 107 s. e. by 
s. Frankfort, 531 W. 

Lynnfield, p-t., Essex co., Mass., 20 n. Bos- 
ton, 460 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, not 
very productive. Watered by Ipswich r. In- 
corporated in 1782. It has cap. in manufactures 
$8,000. 3 sch. 190 scholars. Pop. 707. 

Lynnville, p-v., Lynn t., Lehigh co.. Pa., 83 
E. N. e. Harrisburg, 175 W. 

Lynnville, pv., Warwick co., la., 162 s. w. 
by s. Indianapolis, 700 W. Situated on the head 
waters of Great Pigeon cr. 

Lynnville, p-v., Giles co., Tenn., 60 s. Nash- 
ville, 724 W. Situated on Richland cr. 

Lynnville, p-v., Morgan co.. 111., 41 w. Spring- 
field, 821 W. 

Lyons, p-t., capital of Wayne co., N. Y., 180 
w. by N. Albany, 357 W. The surface is hilly ; 
soil, a fertile sandy and calcareous loam. Drained 
by Clyde r., formed by the junction of .Mud cr. 
with Canandaigua outlet. The v. is situated on 
the Erie canal, and contains a court house, jail, 
clerk's office, 5 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Epis- 
copal, 1 Methodist, 1 Baptist, and 1 Lutheran — a 
bank, 20 stores, 2 warehouses, 2 flouring m., 1 
saw m., 1 steam furnace and saw m., 2 tanneries, 
2 carriage fac, 300 dwellings, and about 1,80J in- 
habitants. There are in the t. 20 stores, capital 
$165,000; 1 lumber yard, cap. $200; 1 fulling 
m., 3 tanneries, 2 distilleries, I pottery, 2 printing 
offices, 2 weekly newspapers, 5 flouring m., 3 
grist m., fi saw m. Cap. in manufac. $92,005. 8 
sell. 972 scholars. Pop. 4,302. 

Lyons, p-o., Lucas co., O., 165 n. w. Colum- 
bus, 496 W. 

Lyons, p-t., Ionia co , Mich., 134 w. n. w. De- 
troit, 628 W. Situated on both sides of Grand r., 
at the head of steamboat navigation, 100 ms. from 
its mouth. The r. here has a fall, creating a good 
water power. The v. has 2 stores, 30 dwellings, 
and 150 inhabitants. The r. is boatable above 
lor flat bottomed boats. Tiiere are in the t. 1 
store, cap. $4,000 ; 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$2,900. 4 sch. 75 scholars. Pop. 497. 

Lyon, t., Oakland co., Mich. It has 1 store, 
cap. $1,500. 10 sch. 290 scholars. Pop. 1,206. 

Lyons, p-o., Clinton co., Iowa. 

Lyonsdale, p-o., Greig t., Lewis co., N. Y., 
122 N. w. Albany, 426 W. 

Lyon's Store, p-o., Hawkins co,, Tenn,, 257 
e, Nashville, 425 W, 

Lysander, p-t,, Onondaga co,, N, Y., 144 w. 
by N. Albany, 364 W. The surface is generally 
level ; soil, liertile. Watered by Seneca r., which 
bounds it on the s. It has 7 stores, cap. $32,6J0 ; 
2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 4 tanneries, 1 grist 
m., 16 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $80,130. 18 
sch. 930 scholars. Pop. 4,306. 



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M. 



Mabbettsville, p-0., Washington t., Dutch- 
ess CO., N. Y., 78 s. Albany, 316 W. 

MacAllister's Cross Roads, p-o., Mont- 
gomery CO., Tenn., 53 n. w. Nashville, 737 W. 

MacAllistersville, p-v., Juniata co.. Pa., 55 
N. w. Harrisburg, 149 W. 

MacArson's Stand, p-o., De Solo co., Miss., 
213 N. Jackson, 913 W. 

MacArthur, t., Logan co., O. Organized in 
1823. It has 6 sch. 144 scholars. Pop. 1,674. 

MacArthurstown, p-v., Elk t., Athens co., 
O., 71 s. E. Columbus, 365 W. Situated on a 
branch of Racoon creek. It contains 4 .stores, 1 
large burr-millstone fac, 1 carding machine, and 
other manufactories. 

MacBridesville, p-o., Union dist., S. C, 80 
N, w. Columbia, 474 W. 

MacCall's Creek, p-o., Franklin co., Miss., 
70 s. w. Jackson, 1,080 W. 

MacCall's Ferry, p-o., York co., Pa., 52 s. 
Harrisburg, 88 W. 

MacCandless, p-o., Butler CO., Pa., 211 w. by 
N. Harrisburg, 253 W. 

MacCJann's, p-o., Rush co., la., 46 e. Indian- 
apolis, 533 W. 

MacClellandstown, p-v., German t., Fay- 
ette CO., Pa., 187 w. by s. Harrisburg, 204 W. It 
contains 1 church, 4 stores, and about 50 dwell- 
ings. 

MacConnelsburg, p-v.. Air t., Bedford co., 
Pa., 67 w. s. w. Harrisburg, 95 W. Situated in 
a pleasant valley, on Big Cove cr. It contains 2 
Presbyterian churches, 6 stores, 100 dwellings, 
and about 600 inhabitants. Incorporated in 1814. 

MacConnelsville, p-o., Vienna t., Oneida 
CO., N. Y., 121 w. N. w. Albany, 391 W. 

MacConnelsville, p-v., Morgan t., capital of 
Morgan co., O., 73 e. by s. Columbus, 330 W. 
Situated on the e. bank of Muskingum r., at an 
elevation of from 10 to 3^) feet above high water. 
It contains a court house, jail, 2 churches — 1 Pres- 
byterian and 1 Baptist — 12 stores, 2 tanneries, 80 
dwellings, and SOU inhabitants. 

MacCracken, county, Ky. Situated in the 
w. part of the stale, and contains 200 square ms. 
The Ohio r. bounds it on the n. and n. e. The 
surface is level ; soil, very fertile. Drained by 
Clark's r., and its branches. Capiiul, Paducali. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,921, sheep 
2,447, swine 17,66S ; wheat 13,455 bushels pro- 
duced, Indian corn 198,277, oats 25,649, potatoes 
11,917, tobacco 65,643 pounds, cotton 9,63-i; 39 
stores, cap. $116,775 ; 3 tanneries, 4 distilleries, 8 
grist m., 1 saw ra., 1 printing office, 1 weekly 
newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $10,346. 4 acad. 
115 students, 6 sch. 112 scholars. Pop. whites 
4,064, slaves 654, free col'd 27 ; total, 4,745 

MacCulloch's Mills, p-o., Juniata co., Pa., 
61 N. w. Columbus, 133 W. 

MacCullough's, p-o., Jefferson co., O., 127 
E. n. e. Columbus, 280 W. 

MacCutchinsville, p-v., Crawford co., O., 
7G N. Columbus, 425 W. It contains 3 churches, 
5 stores, about 50 dwellings, and 300 inhabitants. 

MacDaniels, p-o., Orange co., N. C, 61 n. 
w. Raleigh 296 W. 

MacDanielsville, p-v., Spartanburg dist.. S. 
C, 92 N. w. Columbia, 481 W. 

MacDonald, t., Hardin co., O. Pop. 285. 

MacDonald, p-v., capital of Randolph co., 
Ala., 161 E. Tuscaloosa, 757 W. Situated 3 ms. 
E. of the Little Tallapoosa r. It has a court 
house, a male and female academy, and several 
dwellings. 



MacDonald, p-v., capital of Barry co., Mo., 
200 s. w. Jefferson City, 1,115 W. Situated on 
the N. side of a small branch of White r. 

MacDonoogh, county, 111. Situated in the 
w. part of the state, and contains 576 square ms. 
Organized in 1829. Watered by Crooked creek 
and its branches. Much of the surface is prairie ; 
soil, very fertile. Capital, Macomb. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 5,112, sheep 5,643, swine 
15,368 ; wheat 25,684 bush, produced, Indian corn 
222,553, oats 41,030, potatoes 14,139; 9 stores, 
cap. $26,200; 6 grist m., 13 saw m. Capital in 
manufac. $44,900. 15 sch. 336 scholars. Pop. 
5,308. 

MacDonough, p-t., Chenango co., N. Y., 119 
w. Albany, 326 VV. The surface has several 
ridges ; soil, clay loam, adapted to grass. Drained 
by Bowman's and Geneganslette creeks. ITie 
v., on the latter cr., contains 1 Baptist and 1 
Methodist church, 2 stores, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 
1 paper m., 40 dwellings, and about 200 inhabit- 
ants. It has 2 stores, cap. $14,000; 1 fulling m., 
3 tanneries, 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspa- 
per, 2 grist m., 14 saw m. Cap. in manufactures 
$36,930. 13 sch. 529 scholars. Pop. 1,369. 

MacDonough, p-v., capital of Henry co., Ga., 
65 w. N. w. Milledgeville, 669 W. Situated be- 
tween Towelagga and South Ocmulgee rivers. 
It contains a court house, jail, 2 churches — 1 Bap- 
tist and 1 Methodist — an academy, which cost 
$2,200, 8 stores, about 50 dwellings, and 300 in- 
habitants. 

MacEwens Cross Roads, p-o., Troy t., Rich- 
land CO., O., 57 N. by e. Columbus, 388 W. 

MacEwensville, p-o., Northumberland co., 
Pa., 75 N. Harrisburg, 185 W. 

MacFarland, p-o., Lunenburg co., Va., 70 s. 
w. Richmond, 189 W. 

MacGaheysville, p-o., Rockingham co., Va., 
116 N. w. Richmond, 131 W. 

MacGehonsburg, p-o., Beaver co.. Pa., 246 
w. by N. Harrisburg, 272 W. 

MacGrawville, p-v., Cortlandville t., Cort- 
land CO., N. Y., 142 w. Albany, 318 W. It con- 
tains 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, and 
1 Methodist — 3 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 tan- 
nery, and a number of dwellings. 

MacIIarque's, p-o., Chariton co., Mo., 90 n. 
w. Jefferson City, 973 W. 

MacHenry, county. 111. Situated in the N. E. 
corner of the state, and contains 960 square miles. 
Drained by the N. branch of Chicago, Des Plaines, 
and Fox rivers, and their branches. Soil, on the E. 
side of Fox r., clayey ; on the w., a fertile sandy 
loam. Limestone abounds. Capital, MacHenry. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 2,526, siieep 370, 
swine, 4,868 ; wheat 43,957 bush, produced, Ind. 
corn 45,407, oats 38,974, potatoes 33,870 ; 5 stores, 
cap. $7,500 ; 1 distillery, 7 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $18,219. 15 sch. 265 scholars. Pop. 2,578. 

MacHenry, p-v., capital of MacHenry co , 111., 
223 N. N. E. Springfield, 758 W. Situated on the 
w. side of Fox r., 12 s. of the n. line of the state. 
It is surrounded by excellent prairie, groves of 
timber, and oak openings. 

MacIndoes Falls, p-v., Bamet t, Caledonia 
CO., Vt., 46 E. by n. Alontpelier, 532 W. It is 
situated at the head of navigation on Connecti- 
cut r. 

Macintosh, county, Ga. Situated in the s. e. 
part of the state, and contains 600 sq. ms. The 
Atlantic Ocean bounds it on the s. e. The sur- 
face is level ; soil, fertile. The Altamaha r. runs 
on its s. w. border, and South Newport r. on the 



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N. E. Drained by Sapelo r., and Jones and Doc- 
tor's crs. It has several islands on its coast, of 
which Sapelo, Black Bend, and Wolf are the 
chief. Capital, Darien. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 7,884, sheep 734, swine 4,6.)"i; Indian 
corn 30,406 bush, produced, potatoes 40,791, rice 
2,826,203 pounds, cotton 542,877, sugar 7,300 ; 1 
commercial and 5 commission houses, capital 
$50,000; 17 stores, cap. $86,400; 2 grist m., 4 
saw m., 1 printing office. Cap. in manufactures 
$63,500. 1 acad. 65 students, 1 sch. 13 scholars. 
Pop. whites 1,348, slaves 3,910, free colored 102; 
total, 5,360. 

MacKaigs Mills, p-o., Columbiana co., O., 
145 N. E. Columbus, 284 W. 

MacKean, county, Pa. Situated in the n. and 
toward the w. part of the state, and contains 
1,470 sq. ms. Organized in 1804. Drained by 
Alleghany r. and its branches, and by Sinnema- 
honiiig cr., a head branch of the w. branch of 
Susquehanna r. The surface is hilly, and abounds 
with coal, iron, and salt. The soil is adapted to 
grazing. Capiiai, Smithport. There were m 1840, 
neat cattle 2,977, sheep 3,713, swine 1,781 ; wheat 
8,162 bush, produced, rye 1,870, Ind. corn 12,070, 
buckwheat 3,136, oats 19,373, potatoes 52,211, su- 
gar 69,750 pounds ; 10 stores, cap. $28, 100 ; 2 tan- 
eries, 9 grist m., 33 saw m. Cap. in manufae. 
$84,450. 1 acad. 30 students, 21 sch. 575 scholars. 
Pop. 2,975. 

MacKean, p-t., Erie co.. Pa., 9 s. Erie, 265 n. 
w. by w. Harrisburg, 338 \V. The surface is 
hilly ; soil, gravelly loam. Drained by Walnut 
or. and its branches, and by Elk cr. It has 1 
fulling m., 4 grist m., 8 saw m. 12 schools 449 
scholars. Pop. 1,714. 

MacKean, t.. Licking co., O. It lies directly n. 
of Granville, and contains the v. of Fredonia. 6 
sch. 275 scholars. Pop. 1,317. 

MacKeansburg, p-v., Brunswick t., Schuyl- 
kill CO., Pa., 67 N. E. Harrisburg, 177 W. It 
contains 2 stores, and about 35 dwellings. 

MacKean's Old Stand, p-o., Westmoreland 
CO., Pa., 175 w. Harrisburg, 201 W. 

MacKees Half P'alls, p-o.. Union co., Pa., 
40 N. Harrisburg, 150 W. 

MacKee's Port, p-v., Versailles t., Alleghany 
CO., Pa., 199 w. Harrisburg, 212 W. It contains 
a Presbyterian church, several stores, and 40 or 
50 dwellings. 

MacKinley, p-o., Marengo co., Ala., 97 s. by 
w. Tuscaloosa, 890 W. 

MacKinster's, p-o., Meigs co., O., 88 s. e. 
Columbus, 355 W. 

MacKinstry's Mills, p-o., Carroll co., Md., 
66 N. w. Annapolis, 69 W. 

MacLain, p-o., Henry co., O., 162 n. w. Co- 
lumbus, 493 W. 

MacLain's Mills, p-o., Waldo co.. Me., 33 e. 
Augusta, 622 W. 

Mac Lean, county. 111. Situated a little n. e. 
of the centre of the state, and contains 1,296 sq. 
ms. Much of the surface is prairie, moderately 
undulating, and interspersed with fine groves of 
timber ; soil, dry and tertile. Drained by Mack- 
inaw r., and Kickapoo and Salt creeks. Capital, 
Bloornington. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
8,019, sheep 8,777, swine 25.74J ; wheat 44.471 
bush, produced, Indian corn 350,S20, oats 81,028, 
potatoes 4,.586 ; 14 stores, cap. $29,000; 3 tan- 
neries, 6 distilleries, 1 flouring m., 14 grist m., 19 
saw m. Cap. in inanulae. $23,070. 3 acad. 70 
students, 14 sch. 422 scholars. Pop. 6,565. 

MacLean, p-v., Groton t , Tompkins co., N. Y., 
149 w. by s. Albany, 311 W. Situated on Fall 
cr., vi'hich affords extensive water power. It 
contains 1 Baptist and 1 Methodist church, 4 



stores, 1 flouring m., 4 saw m., 1 iron foundry and 
trip-hammer works, 1 plaster m., 1 clothier's 
works, 1 tannery, 50 dwellings, and about 350 
inhabitants. 

MacLean, t., Shelby co., O. It has cap. in 
inanufac. $50. Pop. 513. 

MacLeansborough, p-v., capital of Hamilton 
CO., III., 156 s. s. E. Springfield, 776 W. Situated 
on a head branch of the n. fork of Saline cr., on 
elevated ground, and contains a court house, jail, 
about 25 dwellings, and 150 inhabitants. 

MacLeaivsville, p-v., Jackson co., Tenn., 80 
E. Nashville, 651 W. 

MacLemonesville, p-v., Carroll co., Tenn., 
107 w. Nashville, 790 W. 

MacLeod's, p-o., Greene co., Miss., 195 s. e. 
Jackson, 1,073 W. 

Mac3Iann's, p-o., Greene co., ]\Iiss., 210 s. e. 
Jackson, 1,042 W. 

MacMath's, p-o., Tuscaloosa co., Ala., 32 
Tuscaloosa, 786 W. 

MacMeekin's, p-o., Fairfield dist., S. C, 23 n. 
Columbia, 502 W. 

MacMinn, county, Tenn. Situated in the s. 
e. part of the state, and contains 608 sq. ms. 
Watered by Hiwassee r. and its branches. Capi- 
tal, Athens. There were in 1840. neat cattle 
11,407, sheep 8,232, swine 37,672 ; wheat 88,861 
bush, produced, rye 3,507, Ind. corn 632,578, oats 
163,634, potatoes 8,633, tobacco 7,360 pounds, 
cotton 1,443; 20 stores, cap $119,700; 2 cotton 
fac. 672 sp., 9 tanneries, 51 distilleries, 12 Hour- 
ing m., 23 grist m., 29 saw m., 2 oil m., 1 paper 
fac, 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. 
Cap. in manufae. ,$88,191. 2 acad. 99 students, 
7 sch. 222 scholars. Pop. whites 11,450, slaves 
1,241, free col'd 2S ; total, 12,719. 

MacMinnville, p-v., capital of Warren co., 
Tenn., 75 s. E. Nashville, 624 W. Situated oa 
the N. side of Barren Fork, opposite to the junc- 
tion of Hickory cr., wliich flow into the Caney 
Fork of Cumberland r. 

MacMurray's Store, p-o., Maury co.,Tcnn., 
50 s. s. w. Nashville, 727 W. 

MacMurtryton, p-o., Hardin co., Ky., 87 s. 
w. Frankfort, 627 W. 

MacNairy, county, Tenn. Situated toward 
the .s. w. part of the state, and contahis 960 sq. 
ras. Watered by branches of Big Ilatchee and 
Forked Deer rivers. Capital, Purdy. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 12,252, sheep 6,110, 
swine 42,271 ; wheat 36,958 bush, produced, Ind. 
corn 235,715, oats 56,591, potatoes 13,577, tobac- 
co 243,120 pounds, cotton 42,446, sugar 1,897 ; 
10 stores, cap. $16,500 ; 1 woollen fac, 3 tanne- 
ries, 29 distilleries, 32 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. 
in manufae. $30,759. 1 acad. 34 students, 11 
sch. 273 scholars. Pop. whites 8,589, slaves 763, 
free col'd 33 ; total, 9,335. 

MacNary's, p-o., Muhlenburg co., Ky., 187 
w. s. \v. Frankfort, 729 W. 

Macoupin, cr.. 111., rises in the n. part of Ma- 
con CO., and enters the Illinois r., 26 ms. above 
its junction with the Mississippi. The soU on its 
borders is fertile. 

Macoupin, county. 111. Situated a little s. w. 
of the centre of the state, and contains 864 sq. 
ms. Organized in 1829. The surface is slightly 
undulatuig, consisting of prairies and timber, the 
latter mostly along the streams. The soil is 
generally very fertile. Drained by 3Iacoupin 
cr. and its branches, and by head branches of 
( 'ahokia and Wood creeks. Capital, Carlinvillc. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 11,773, sheep 
10,231, swme 37,917 ; wheat 42,919 bush, produ- 
ced, Ind. corn 540,930, oats 57,6S5. potatoes 
17,179, tobacco 11,196 pounds; 19 stores, cap. 



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$29,660 ; 1 tannery, 3 distilleries, 2 flouring m., 
16 grist rn., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $17,315. 
1 acad. 45 students, 14 sch. 375 scholars. Pop. 
7,826. 

MacVeytown, p-v., Mifflin cc, Pa., 63 n. w. 
Harrisburg, 154 W. 

MacWhorter's Mills, p-c, Lewis co., Va., 
274 N. vv. by w. Richmond, ::i42 W. 

MacWilliamstown, p-v., Chester co., Pa., 
65 s. E. Harrisburg. 

Macedon, p-t., Wayne CO., N. Y., 20 e. Lyons, 
199 w. by N. Albany, 356 W. The surface is 
rolling ; soil, clay and gravelly loam. Drained 
by Mud cr. It has 9 stores, cap. Ifi 16,050 ; 1 lul- 
ling m., 1 tannery, 5 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $44,115. 13 sch. 396 scholars. Pop. 
2,396. 

Macedon, p-o., Mercer co., O. 

Macedon Centre, p-o., Macedon t., Wayne 
CO., N. Y., 202 w. by .n. Albany, 359 W. 

Macedo.\ia, p-v., Carroll co., Tenn., 108 w. 
Nashville, 793 W. 

Macedonia, po., Montgomery co., N. C. 

Machias, p-t., port of entry and capital of 
Washington co.. Me., 151 e. by n. Augusta, 339 
N. E. Boston by land, and 300 by water, 773 W. 
The V. is situated on the e. side of the west 
branch of Machias r. at the falls, and contains a 
court house, jail, and has numerous mills. The 
r. admits vessels of 250 tons to within 50 rods of 
the mills. It produces a great amount of lumber 
for exportation. It has 10 stores, cap. $38,250 ; 2 
tanneries, 2 grist m., 23 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $132,939. 11 sch. 382 scholars. Pop. 1,351. 
Tonnage of the dist., 11,847. 

Machias, p-t., Cattaraugus co., N. Y., 286 w. 
by .s. Albany, 333 W. The surface is elevated 
and level ; soil, clay and gravelly loam. Drain- 
ed by Ischua cr., and the outlet of Lime lake, 
which enters ('attaraugus cr. The v. contains 
1 church, 2 stores, 1 saw ra., 1 grist m., 1 tanne- 
ry, 35 dwellings, and about 250 inhabitants. 
There are in the t., 3 stores, cap. $2,300 ; 1 tan- 
nery, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$3,940. 9 sell. 310 scholars. Pop. 1,035. 

Machias Port, p-t., and port of entry, Wash- 
ington CO., Me., 155 E. by n. Augusta, 777 W. 
It is situated on Machias r., below the junction 
of the 2 branches. It has an excellent harbor, 
protected by Cross island, at the mouth of the 
bay, and considerable shipping employed in the 
lumber trade, and in the fisheries, incorpora- 
ted in 1826. It has 1 store, cap. $3,000 ; 1 grist 
m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,600. 12 
sch. 364 scholars. Pop. 834. 

Mackinac, county, Mich. Situated in the 
upper peninsula of Michigan, and contains 
13,464 sq. ms. The surface is various as well as 
the soil. Macliinac (pronounced Mackinaw) 
strait connects Lake Michigan with Lake Huron, 
and is about 40 miles long, and in its narrowest 
part, 4 miles wide. It includes several islands, 
which are Mackinac, Bois Blanc, Drummond's, 
and several small ones. The extreme elevation 
of Mackinac island above the lake, is 300 feet. 
It produces wheat, oats, barley, peas and beans. 
The settlement of it was commenced in 1764. 
In 1796 it was surrendered to the American go- 
vernment; taken by the British in 1812; but re- 
stored by the treaty of Ghent. Capital, Mack- 
inac. There were in 1840, neat cattle 96, sheep 
6, swuie 65; Ind. corn 20 bush, produced, oats 
614, potatoes 2,016 ; 11 stores, cap. $66,600 ; cap. 
in the fisheries, $1,000; value of skins and furs 
produced, $21,750. Pop. 923. 

Mackinac, p-v., capital of Mackinac co., 
Mich., 300 N. N. w. Detroit, 821 W. Situated on 



the s. E. extremity of an island of the same 
name, and contains a court house, jail, 1 Presby- 
terian, and 1 Roman Calhohc church, 10 stores, 
a school of the American Board of Foreign 3Iis- 
sions, a Roman Catholic missionary school, and 
a branch of the University of Michigan. Fort 
Mackinac stands on a rocky eminence, 150 feet 
immediately above the v., which it commands. 
The harbor is safe and spacious, capable of 
accommodating 150 vessels. Over 3,OuO barrels 
of trout and white fish are annually exported, 
and it is the seat of an exteiLsive fur trade. 

Mackinaw, r.. 111., rises in a prairie near the 
centre of McLean co., and running through 
Tazewell co., enters the Illinois r. 3 ms. below 
Pekin. It has rich bottoms, but the bluffs are 
broken, with a tliin soil, one or two miles wide. 
It affords water power. 

Mackinaw, p-v., Tazewell co.. 111., 64 n. 
Springfield, 764 W. Situated in a prairie on the 
s. E. side of Maclunaw cr. 

Mackville, p-v., Franklin co., Ga., 121 n. 
Milledgeville, 595 W. 

Mackville, p-v., Washington co., Ky., 45 s. 
s. w. Frankfort, 567 W. 

Mackville, p-v., Randolph co., la., 75 e. n. 
E. Indianapohs, 512 W. 

Macomb, county, Mich. Situated in the e. 
part of the state, and contains 435 sq. ms. The 
surface in the e. part is level, in the w. part, 
rolling or hilly, and somewhat broken. The soil 
is generally very fertile, adapted to gram and 
to grass. St. Clair lake lies on its s. e. border. 
Watered by Clinton r. and its branches. Organ- 
ized in 1813. It contains 2 salt springs. Capital, 
Mount Clemens. There were in 1810, neat cat- 
tle 7,193, sheep 8,959, swine 8,969 ; wheat 31,064 
bush, produced, rye 7,337, Ind. corn 71,023, 
buckwheat 8,390, barley 1,344, oats 69,792, pota- 
toes 80,881, sugar 32,991 pounds; 19 stores, cap. 
$56,000 ; I fulling m., 2 distilleries, 1 glass fac, 
4 flouring m., 1 grist m., 12 saw m., 2 printing 
offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. 
$109,5 JO. 2 acad. 29 students, 76 sch. 1,973 
scholars. Pop. 9,716. 

Macomb, p-v., capital of MacDonough co.. 111., 
86 N. w. Springfield, 859 W. Situated in a fer- 
tile prairie, 2 ms. s. of the Drowning f^ork of 
Crooked cr. It contains a court house, 4 stores, 
and about 125 inhabitants. 

iMacomb, p-t., Macomb co., Mich., 35 n. e. De- 
troit, 559 W. Watered by Clinton r. The soil 
is fertile, adapted to grain. It has 9 sch. 226 
scholars. Pop. 952. 

Macon, county, N. C. Situated in the w. part 
of tiie state, and contains 900 sq. ms. Drained 
by head branches of Tennessee r. The surface 
is elevated. Capital, Franklin. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 6,S25, sheep 5,539, swine 
11,883; wheat 6,311 bush, produced, rye 4,375, 
Ind. corn 125,820, oats 32,855, potatoes 8,613, 
tobacco 2,983 pounds ; 5 stores, cap. $27,800 ; 4 
tanneries, 11 distilleries, 1 flouring m., 22 grist 
m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,600. 3 sch. 
140 scholars. Pop. whites 4,446, slaves 363, free 
col'd 55 ; total 4,869. 

Macon, county, Ga. Situated a little s. w. of 
the centre of the slate, and contains 420 sq. ms. 
Drained by Ffint r. and its tributaries. Capital, 
Lanier. There were in 1840, neat catde 21,176, 
sheep 2,538, swine 19,050 ; wheat 20,933 bush, 
produced, rye 1,062, Ind. corn 242,039, oats 5,985, 
potatoes 19,833, cotton 1,379,605 ; 1 1 stores, cap. 
$30,600; 14 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$21,100. 3 sch. 58 scholars. Pop. whiles 3,553, 
slaves 1,489, free cofd 3 ; total, 5,045. 

Macon, county, Ala. Situated toward the s. 



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MAD 



E. part of the state, ami contains 970 sq. ms. Wa- 
tered by branches of Tallapoosa r. Capital, Tus- 
kegee. There were in 1810, neat cattle 15,958, 
sheep 762, swine 21,731 ; wheat 2,316 bush, pro- 
duced, Ind. com 312,313, oats 6,241, potatoes 
29,076, cotton 883,125 pounds; 16 stores, cap. 
$67,500 ; 2 tanneries, 1 pottery, 3 flouring m., 13 
grist ra., 11 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $67,525. 
6 acad. 243 students, 14 sch. 36S scholars. Pop. 
whites 5,369, slaves 5,851, free col'd 27; total, 
11,247. 

Macon, county. 111. Situated near the centre 
of the state, and contains 1,400 sq. ms. Watered 
by Kaskaskia r. and the n. fork of Sangamon r., 
and by Salt cr. The surface is level, or shghtly 
undulating; soil, generally fertile. Capital, De- 
catur. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,264, 
sheep 3,516, swine 13,285; wheat 21,344 bush, 
produced, rye 4,741, Ind. corn 173,187, oats 
44,366, potatoes 5,354 ; 5 stores, cap. $23,500 ; 1 
woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 6 grist m., 6 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $13,000. 8 sch. 234 
scholars. Pop. 3,039. 

M.\c0i\, county. Mo. Situated toward the n. 
part of the state, and contains 846 sq. ms. Drain- 
ed by Chariton and E. Chariton rivers, and the 
branchesof Salt r. Capital, Bloomington. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 6,539, sheep 7,050, swine 
30,973; wheat 9,105 bush, produced, Ind. corn 
552,996, oats 15,517, potatoes 9,531, tobacco 
57,871 pounds; 11 stores, cap. $69,300; 2 lum- 
ber yards, cap. .$1,400; 3 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 

6 gri.st m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,300. 

7 sch. 180 scholars. Pop. whites 5,803, slaves 
225, free col'd 1 ; total, 6,034. 

Macon, p-o., Powhatan cc, Va., 40 v/. Rich- 
mond, 157 W. 

3Iacon, city, and capital of Bibb co., Ga., 
3:> s. w. Milledgeville, 686 W. It is situated 
chiefly on the w. bank of the Ocmulgee r., at 
the head of steamboat navigation. It has a court 
house, jail, an elegant market house, and 5 
churches — 2 Presbyteriiui, 1 Baptist, 1 Episco- 
pal, and 1 Methodist. There is a bridge over 
the Ocmulgee 389 feet in length. A great 
amount of cotton is shipped from this place. 8 
or 10 steamboats are employed on tiie Ocmul- 
gee, besides towboats, and pole-boats. In 18'i2, 
a single cabin occupied the site of the city. 
There were in 1840, 9 foreign com. houses, cap. 
$75,000 ; 82 retail stores, cap. $385,000 ; 9 lum- 
ber yards, cap. $7,500 ; 1 grist m., 3 printing offi- 
ces, 3 weekly newspapers, 1 periodical. Cap. 
in manufac. $67,750. 1 college, 150 students, 3 
acad. 200 students, 2 sch. 75 scholars. Pop. 
3,927. 

Macon, p-v., Marengo cc, Ala., 56 s. Tusca- 
loosa, 868 W. 

Macon, p-v., and capital of Noxubee co.. Miss., 
125 N. E. Jackson, 885 W. Situated on the n. e. 
side of Noxubee r. It contains a court house 
and several dwellings. 

Macon, p-t., Lenawee co., Mich., 66 s. w. 
Detroit, 520 W. Watered by the s. branch of 
Raisin r. It has a fertile soil, well adapted to 
grain. It contains 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$10,000. 7 sch. 31 1 scholars. Pop. 1,146. 

MacOxN, p-v., Fayette co., Tcnn., 196 vv. s. w. 
Nashville, 881 W. It contains 3 stores, a female 
academy, and about 75 inhabitants. 

Macon Depot, p-o., Warren co., N. C, 67 n. 
N. E. Raleigh, 221 W. 

Macksvii.le, i)-v., Vigo co., la., 74 w. Indian- 
apolis, 615 W. Situated on the national road, H 
ms. w. of the Wabash r. 

Macungv, p-t., Lehigh co., Pa., 83 e. n. e. 
Harrisburg, 176 VV. Watered by Jordan and 
47 



Little Lehigh creeks. The surface is level ; soil, 
calcareous loam, productive and well cultivated. 
It contains 2 churches. 

Madawaska, t., Aroostook co.. Me. Situated 
on the s. side of St. Johns r. it contains 5 stores, 
4 grist m.. 1 saw m., 3 sch. 56 scholars. Pop. 
l,5-i4. The settlement is along the road follow- 
ing the course of the river. The part on the n. 
side of the river, and which, according to the late 
treaty, is now in Canada, contains a population 
of 1,876. 

Madison, county, N. Y. Situated a little e. 
of the centre of the state, and contains 582 sq. 
ms. The middle and southern parts are uneven 
and hilly ; in the n. part it is more level. Drain- 
ed by the head branches of Chenango, Unadilhi, 
Ostelic, and Toughnioga rivers. Water lime 
and gypsum are abundant, and marl and bog iron 
ore are found. Two sulphur springs exist, near 
the village of Chittenango. The Erie canal, and 
Utica and Syracuse railroad, pass through the co. 
Capital, Morrisville. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 42,191, sheep 204,616, swine 30,757 ; wheat 
200,142 bush, produced, rye 3,255, Indian corn 
171,204, buckwheat 5,996, barley 135,635, oats 
343,207, potatoes 676.649, hops 107,230 pounds, 
sugar 215,619; 109 stores, cap. $391,715; 3 fur- 
naces, 25 fulling m., 10 woollen fac, 2 cotton 
fac. 744 sp., 1 rope fac, 40 tanneries, 7 distille- 
ries, 1 brewery, 4 flouring m., 39 grist m., 167 
saw m., 3 oil m., 1 paper fac, 9 printing offices, 
3 binderies, 2 periodicals, 2 weekly newspapers. 
Cap. in manufac. $719,280. 8 acad. 968 students, 
253 sch. 12,297 scholars. Pop. 40,008. 

Madburv, t., Strafford co., N. II. The soil 
is generally productive. Drained by Bellamy r. 
Bog iron ore is found. Incorporated in 1755. 
It has 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$1,900. 5 sch. 215 scholars. Pop. 489. 

Madison, county, Va. Situated a little n. e. 
of the centre of the state, and contains 330 sq. ms. 
The surface is moderately uneven, and the soil 
tolerably fertile. Drained by Robertson's r. and 
other branches of Rapid Ann r. Capital, Madi- 
son. There were in 1840, neat cattle 7,006, 
sheep 8,964, swine 12,851 ; wheat 100,680 bush, 
produced, rye 23,627, Ind. corn 271,880, oats 
33,005, potatoes 12,796, tobacco 148,700 pounds ; 
12 stores, cap. $48,000 ; 7 taiuieries, 5 distilleries, 
10 flouring m., 23 grist m., 17 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $133,300. 2 acad. 41 students, 17 sch. 
356 scholars. Pop. whites 3,729, slaves 4,308, 
free col'd 70; total 8,107. 

Madison, county, Ga. Situated in the n. e. 
pari of the state, and contains 250 sq. ms. Drain- 
ed by branches of Broad r. It has some mineral 
springs. Capital, Danielsville. There were iu 
1840, neat cattle 1,956, sheep 1,571, swine 3,927; 
wheat 8,239 bush, produced, Ind. corn 53,130, 
oats 6,657, potatoes 3,350, cotton 727,118 pounds ; 
9 stores, cap. $15,700; 3 grist m., 1 saw m., I 
acad. 20 students, 3 sch. 79 scholars. Pop. whites 
3,125, slaves 1,382, free col'd 3; total, 4,510. 

Madison, county, Flor. Situated in the cen- 
tral part of the ter., extending from Ga. on the 
N., to the Gulf of Mexico on tiie s. The surface 
is rolling, and the water is excellent. The soil 
in the .n. and w. parts is fertile ; in tlie middle it 
is poor ; and in the s. e. there is considerable su- 
perior sugar land. Suwanee r. runs on its e. 
border, and Oscilla r. on its w. border. A great 
number of small lakes are scattered over it. 
Capital, Madison. There were in 1840, neat cat- 
tle 5,690, sheep 223, swine 3,969 ; Indian corn 
37,985 bush, produced, oats 2,305, potatoes 13,213, 
rice 1,150 pounds, cotton 702,100, sugar 1,200; 3 
stores, cap. $5,000 ; 2 grist m., 1 saw in., 2 oil m. 



MAD 



370 



MAD 



Cap. in manufac. $5,300. 4 sch. 74 scholars. 
Pop. whites 1,442, slaves 1,202 ; total, 2,644. 

Madison, county, Ala. Situated in the n. part 
of the state, and contains 760 sq. ms. The sur- 
face is moderately hilly, and the soil very fer- 
tile. Tennessee r. runs on its s. border. Wa- 
tered by branches of Flint r. and other branches 
of Tennessee r. Capital, Huntsville. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 23,074, sheep 12,308, 
swine 79,970 ; wheat 85.099 bush, produced, Ind. 
corn 1,357,808, oats 152,816, potatoes 46,371, to- 
bacco 15,655 pounds, cotton 10,353,897; 40 stores, 
cap. $182,450; 11 tanneries, 11 distilleries, 22 
grist m., 17 saw in., 2 printing ofl'ices, 2 weekly 
newspapers. Cap. hi manufac. $121,972. 2acad. 
125 students, 33 sch. 1,167 scholars. Pop. whites 
12,297, slaves 13,265, free col'd 144 ; total, 25,706. 

Madison, county. Miss. Situated a little s. 
w. of the centre of the state, and contains 548 sq. 
ms. Big lllack r. runs on its n. w. border, and 
Pearl r. on its s. E. border. Capital, Canton. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 21,045, sheep 
4,906, swine 46,028 ; wheat 1,198 bush, produced, 
Ind. com 877,893, oats 79,895, poiatoes 152,981, 
cotton 14,842,153 pounds ; 19 stores, cap. $79,600 ; 

1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in 
manufac. §7,700. 1 college, 100 students, 2 acad. 
170 students, 2 sch. 125 scholars. Pop. whites 
3,986, slaves 11,53-3, free col'd 11 ; total, 15,530. 

Madiso.n, parish, La. Situated in the n. e. 
part of the state, and contains 800 sq. ms. Mis- 
sissippi r. runs on its E. border. Drained by 
Roundaway and Alacon bayous, and Tensas r. 
Capital, Richmond. There were in 1810, neat 
cattle 6,239, sheep 767, swine 8,641; Ind. corn 
190,745 bush, produced, potatoes 13,188, cotton 
5,378,610 pounds; 8 stores, cap. $47,200; 3 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $30,000. Pop. whites 
1,210, slaves 3,923, free col'd 9; total, 5,142. 

Madison, county, Tenn. Situated in the w. 
part of the state, and contains 670 sq. ms. Wa- 
tered by the s. fork of Forked Deer r. and its 
branches. Capital, Jackson. There were hi 
1810, neat cattle 12,747, sheep 17,563, swine 
64,503; wheat 63,178 bush, produced, rye 8,530, 
Ind. corn 793,215, oats 226,604, potatoes 65,238, 
tobacco 136,632 pounds, cotton 2,233,039 ; 19 
stores, cap. ,$353,200 ; 1 furnace, 3 woollen fac, 

2 cotton fac. 1,200 sp., 7 tanneries, 10 distilleries, 
15 flouring m., 21 grist in., 13 saw m., 1 printing 
office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. 
$108,295. 4 acad. 103 students, 23 sch. 512 
scholars. Pop. whites 10,420, slaves 6,073, free 
col'd 37 ; total, 16,530. 

Madiso.n, county, Ky. Situated centrally, 
toward the E. part of the state, and contains 520 
sq. ms. Kentucky r. runs on its n. border, by 
branches of wliich it is drained. Capital, Rich- 
mond. There were in 1840, neat cattle 8,331, 
sheep 16,206, swine 49,104; wheat 41,502 bush, 
produced, rye 90,902, Ind. corn 561,884, barley 
6,430, oats ti8,247, potatoes 16,952, tobacco 125,283 
pounds, sugar 27,171 ; 10 stores, cap. $46,350; 2 
woollen fac, 1 tannery, 12 distilleries, 23 grist 
m., 3 saw. m. Cap. in manufac. $19,275. 8 sch. 
234 scholars. Pop. whites 10,860, slaves 5,413, 
fx^ee col'd 82 ; total, 16,355. 

Madison, county, O. Situated a little s. w. 
of the centre of the state, and contains 490 sq. 
ms. Watered by Darby and Deer creeks. The 
soil is well adapted to grazing, and much butter 
and cheese are produced. Capital, London. 
There were in 1810, neat cattle 16,177, sheep 
15,632, swine 19,135; wheat 47,646 bush, pro- 
duced, rye 1,918, Ind. corn 419,066, buckwheat 
1,287, oats 71,173, potatoes 12,566, sugar 1,150 
pounds ; 22 stores, cap. $90,250 ; 1 fuUuig m. 5 



tanneries, 2 potteries, 9 grist m., 15 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $30,450. 94 sch. 2,917 scholars. 
Pop. 9,025. 

iVIadison, county, la. Situated a little N. E. 
of the centre of the slate, and contains 390 sq. 
ms. Drained by White r. and its branches, 
which afford water power. The surface is level, 
and the soil fertile. It has some wet prairies. 
Capital, Andersontown. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 5,798, sheep 6,436, swine 21,579; 
wheat 46,991 bush, produced, rye 1,5.58, Indian 
corn 375,715, oats 60,867, potatoes 17,624, sugar 
47,887 pounds ; 2 stores, cap. $60,350 ; 3 tanne- 
ries, 2 distilleries, 2 potteries, 1 flouring m., 7 
grist m., 13 saw m. Cap. hi manufac. $28,465. 
35 sch. 1,120 scholars. Pop. 8,874. 

Madison, county. 111. Situated toward the s. 
w. part of the state, and contains 760 sq. miles. 
The Mississippi r. runs on its v* border. Drain- 
ed by Cahokia, Silver, and Wood creeks, and 
their branches. Capital, Edvvardsville. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 22,039, sheep 13,876, 
swme 53,484 ; wheat 160,910 bushels produced, 
rye 18,735, Indian corn 1,370,735, buckwheat 
12,355, barley 12,980, oats 209.890, potatoes 
121,305, tobacco 11,280 pounds; 4 corami.*sion 
houses, cap. $22,000; 2 lumber yards, capital 
$8,500 ; 67 stores, cap. $388,750 ; 2 tanneries, 2 
distilleries, 1 brewery, 7 flouring m., 8 grist m., 
16 saw m., 1 oil m., 4 printing offices, 3 weekly 
and 1 periodical newspapers. Cap. in manufac. 
$210,410. 1 college, 101 students, 2 acad. 144 
students, 52 sch. 1,445 scholars. Pop. 14,433. 

Madison, county. Mo. Situated toward the 
s. E. part of the state, and contains 780 sq. ms. 
Drained by St. Francis and Whitewater rivers, 
and their branches. Capital, Fredericktown. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 2,453, sheep 
2,295, swine 12,415 ; wheat 9,746 bushels pro- 
duced, Indian corn 153,510, oats 36,331, potatoes 
3,031, tobacco 9,850 pounds ; 8 smelting houses 
produced 1,263,455 pounds of lead; 2 tanneries, 8 
distilleries, 4 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $12,306. 11 sch. 244 scholars. Pop. whites 
2,762, slaves 611, free col'd 22 ; total, 3,395. 

AIadison, county. Ark. Situated in the n. w. 
part of the state, and contains 1,050 square miles. 
Drained by White r. and its branches. Capital, 
Sevierville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
3,341, sheep 2,675, swine 11,634; wheat 4,132 
bushels produced, Ind. com 146,755, oats 4,518, 
potatoes 7,249, tobacco 14,280 pounds, cotton 
2,690, sugar 1,027 ; 2 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 5 
grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $15,560. 
2 sch. 53 scholars. Pop. whites 2,692, slaves 83 ; 
total, 2,775. 

Madison, p-t., Somerset co.. Me., 40 n. Augus- 
ta, 635 W. Situated on the e. side of Kennebec 
r. The soil is fertile. Incorporated in 1804. 
It has 4 stores, cap. $4,300 ; 2 tanneries, 2 grist 
m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. §2,250. 16 sch. 
697 scholars. Pop. 1,701. 

Madiso.n, p-t.. New Haven co., Ct., 56 s. Hart- 
ford, 320 W. It is situated on Long Island 
sound. Incorporated in 1826. The soil is stony 
and rough, but is made fertile by the use of 
wiiile fish, as a manure, which are taken ofl' the 
coast in great numbers, for 3 or 4 months in the 
year. Ship building is a considerable business 
here. The v. is situated on one street, running 
parallel to the coast, and at a short distance from 
it, and contains a Congregational church, and 
Lee's Academy, a flourishmg institution, named 
in honor of a benefactor. There are in the t. 11 
stores, cap. §11,700 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 grist 
m. Cap. in manufac. $3,.500. 1 acad. 60 students. 
13 sch 488 scholars. Pop. 1,788. 



MAD 



371 



MAD 



Madison, p-t., Madison co., N. Y., 93 w. by n. 
Albany, 365 W. The surface is elevated and 
rolling ; soil, clay and gravelly loam. Drained 
by the head waters of Chenango r. and Oriskany 
or. It occupies the summit level of the Chenan- 
go canal, wliich passes through the t. Tlie v. 
is on the Cherry Valley turnpike, and contains 1 
Baptist and 1 Universalist church, 2 stores, 90 
dwellings, and about 500 inliabitants. Incorpo- 
rated in 1816. The t. has 4 stores, cap. §15,000 ; 
1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 2 grist m., 
9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $22,900. 15 sch. 
398 scholars. Pop. 2,344. 

M.\Disox, p-v., Morris CO., N. J., 58 .\. Trenton, 
223 W. It contains about 40 dwellings, many of 
them neat, and is surrounded by a well cultiva- 
ted country. 

Madison, p-o., Westmoreland co.. Pa., 179 w. 
Harrisburg, 203 W. 

Madison, t., Columbia co.. Pa., 10 n. Danville. 
The surface is mostly mieven ; soil, loam and 
clay. Drained by Little Fishing and Mahoning 
creeks. It lias 1 store, cap. $2,000 ; 3 tanneries, 
7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,340. 6 sch. 212 
scholars. Pop. 1,700. 

Madison, t., Armstrong co., Pa. It has 3 
stores, cap. .$8,000 ; 1 tannery, 5 grist m., 4 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $12,902. 3 sch. 64 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,365. 

Madison, t.. Perry co.. Pa. It has 3 stores, 
cap. $9,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tan- 
nery, 2 distilleries, 6 flouring m., 10 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $23,188. 7 sch. 315 scholars. Pop. 
1,299. 

Madison, p-t., Lake co., O., 190 n. e. by n. 
Columbus, 319 W. Situated on both sides of 
Grand river. It contains the v. of Unionville. 
Large quantities of iron are manufactured into 
holiOW-WLire, mUl irons, &c., and exported. It 
has 9 stores, cap. §11,800; 3 tanneries, 1 distil- 
lery, 2 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
.$5,950. 20 sch. 1,250 scholars. Pop. 2,800. 

Madison, t., Clark co., O. It contains the v. 
of South Charleston. It has 1 1 sch. 309 scholars. 
Pop. 1,115. 

Madison, t., Columbiana co., O. It has 3 
sell. 100 scholars. Pop. 1,474. 

Madison, t., Butler co., O. It has 4 sch. Ill 
scholars. Pop. 1,935. 

Madlson, t., Fayette co., O. It has 3 stores, 
cap. $11,000; 4 sch. 100 scholars. Pop. 765. 

Madison, t., Franklin co., O. Watered by 
Alum, Big Walnut, and Black Lick creeks. The 
surface is rolling. Pop. 1,810. 

Madiso.n, t., Fairfield co., O. It has 1 store, 
cap. $200 ; 6 grist rn., 8 saw m. Pop. 1,102. 

Madison, t., Guernsey co., O. It contains 
Winchester and Antrim villages. It has 1 col- 
lege, 16 students, 4 sch. 171 scholars. Pop. 1,222. 

Madison, t., Jackson co., O. Watered by 
Symmes' cr. It has 2 stores, cap. $1,900; 1 grist 
m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $800. 1 sch. 23 
scholars. Pop. 724. 

3Iadison, t.. Licking co., O. Situated on both 
sides of Licking r., and of the Ohio canal. It has 
3 schools, 74 scholars. Pop. 1,119. 

Madison, t.. Highland co., O. It has 9 sch. 707 
scholars. Pop. 1,916. 

3Iadison, t., Pickaway co., O. It has 3 saw 
m., 5 sch. 140 scholars. Pop. 850. 

Madison, t.. Perry co., O. It has 1 store, 
cap. $800 ; 1 woollen fac, 2 distilleries, 2 flour- 
ing m., 4 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$18,630. 6 sch. 140 scholars. Pop. 1,167. 

Madison, p-v., Rockingham co., N. C, 116 n. 
w. Raleigh, 296 W. 

Madison, p-v., capital of Morgan co., Ga., 41 



N. N. w. Milledgeville, 625 W. It contains a 
court house, jail, masonic hull. 2 academies, 1 
male and 1 i'emale, to wliich a library is attached, 
1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist church, a num- 
ber of stores, and 60 or 70 dwellings. 

Madison, p-v., city, and capital of Jefferson 
county, la., 88 s. s. e. Indianapolis, 560 W. Situ- 
ated on the N. shore of the Ohio r., at an eleva- 
tion which secures it from the highest floods. It 
is regularly laid out with broad streets, paved or 
macadamized. The houses are mostly of brick, 
neat and elegant. It contains a court house, jail, 
market house, 6 churches — 1 Baptist, 1 Episcopal, 
1 Methodist Episcopal, 1 Methodist Reformed, 2 
Presbyterian— 1 branch of the state bank with a 
handsome edifice, 1 savings bank, 1 insurance 
office, 50 stores, 2 iron foundries, a steam engine 
fac, 1 cotton fac, 1 steam flouring m., 1 oil m., I 
grist m., and 1 saw m., 1 boat yard, and 3,798 
inhabitants. 15,000 hogs have been slaughtered 
here in a year. In the rear of the v. are hills, 
250 feet high, which afford a beautiful prospect. 
3Iadison, t., Montgomery co., la. It has 2 
sch. 50 scholars. Pop. 463. 

Madison, t., Putnam co., la. It has 2 grist m., 

3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,300. Pop. 1,071. 

Madison, t., Sevier co.. Ark. It has 2 grist 

m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,200. 1 sch. 

26 scholars. Pop. 265. 

Madison, p-v., Madison co.. 111. 

Madison, p-v., and capital of Dane co., and of 
the ter. of Wisconsin, 90 n. e. Galena, 90 w. 
Milwaukie, 847 W. It is beautifully situated on 
a peninsula, between the 3d and 4ih lake of the 
chain called the Four Lakes, on a gentle swell of 
ground, i'rom which there is a regular descent 
each way to the water. It is regularly laid out, 
with a central square of 914 feet on a side, in the 
centre of which is tlie slate house, erected by the 
general government. It is a spacious stone edi- 
fice, 2 stories high above the basement, with a 
handsome dome ; and can be seen from the dis- 
tance of 10 miles in every direction. The square 
is surrounded by a fence, with 16 gates, for 
which congress has appropriated $1,000. It con- 
tains a jail, several places of worship, 2 printing 
oflice.s, each of which issues a weekly newspa- 
per, 10 or 12 stores, 60 dwellings, and, in 1840, 
376 inhabitants. In June, 1837, the contractor 
with 40 men and 5 females arrived here, having, 
in 1 1 days, cut their way through the wilderness, 
from Milwaukie, and commenced the building of 
the capital. This distance is now travelled in 2 
days. The grovvlh of the place has been rapid, 
having chiefly been since tiie spring of 1811, and 
its prosperity is sub.«tantial. 

Madison, t., Clarke co., Mo. It has 1 sch. 40 
scholars. Pop. 528. 

Madison, t., Polk co., Mo. It has 1 sch. 13 
scholars. Pop. 1,000. 

Madison, t., Livingston CO., Mo. Pop. 350. 

Madison, t., Johnson co., Mo. It has 1 sch. 28 
scholars. Pop. 453. 

Madiso.v, p-v., Monroe co.. Mo., 83 n. Jeffer- 
son City, 943 W. 

Madison, C. H., p-v., and capital of Madison 
CO., Va., 97 n. w. Richmond, 98 W. It contauLs 
a court house, jail, 2 churches — 1 Episcopal. 1 
free to all denominations — 6 stores, 5 flouring m., 
2 tanneries, 40 dwellings, and 300 inhabitants. 

Madison, C. H., p-v., capital of Madison co., 
Flor. It contains a court house and a few dwell- 
ings. 

Madison Centre, p-o., Madison t, Somerset 
CO., Me., 43 N. Augusta, 638 W. 

Madison Cross Roads, p-o., Madison co., Ala., 
172 N. N. E. Tuscaloosa, 723 W. 



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372 



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Madison Springs, p-v., Madison co., Ga., 99 n. 
Blilledgeville, 597 W. Here is a spring, strongly 
impregnated with iron, and efficacious in many 
complaints. It has a spacious hotel, capable of 
accommodating 150 or 200 persons. 

Madisonville, p-v., Columbia t., Hamilton co., 
O., 8 N. E. Cincinnati, 120 s. w. by w. Columbus, 
492 W. It is situated 6 ms. n. of Ohio river, and 
contains 1 church and 1 academy, both of brick, 
5 stores, 100 dwellings, and about 600 inhab- 
itants . 

Madisonville, p-v., capital of Hopkins co., 
Ky., 127 vv. s. w. Frankfort, 729 W. Situated on 
elevated land, between Green and Tradewater 
rivers. It contains a court house, and 51 inhab- 
itant.s. 

Madisonville, p-v., capital of Monroe co., 
Tenn., 172 e. s. e. Nashville, 540 W. It contains 
a court house and several dwellings. 

Madisonville, p-v., Madison co.. Miss., 20 n. 
N. E. Jackson, 990 W. Situated 2 ms. n. vv. of 
Pearl r. 

BIadisonville, p-v., Ralls co , Mo., 96 n. n. e. 
Jefferson City, 900 W. 

Madisonville, p-v., and seaport, St. Tammany 
parish. La., 35 n. New Orleans, 1,137 W. Situa- 
ted on Chefonte river, a little N. of the n. side of 
Lake Pontchartrain. 

Madrid, t, Franklin co., Me., 105 n. w. Au- 
gusta. Incorporated in 1836. Watered by head 
branches of Sandy r. The soil is fertile, adapted 
to wheat. It has 4 tanneries, 4 grist m., 3 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $1,000. 7 sch. 151 scholars. 
Pop. 368. 

Madrid, p-t., St. Lawrence co., N. Y., 235 n. 
N. w. Albany, 505 W. The surface is gently 
undulating; soil, a rich loam. Drained by Grass 
r., and several small streams, flowing into the St. 
Lawrence r., which bounds it on the n. w. Sev- 
eral islands ui the St. Lawrence r. belong to it. 
It has 17 stores, cap. $71,200 ; 4 fulling m., 2 tan- 
neries, 1 paper fac, 8 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $84,086. 27 sch. 1,195 scholars. Pop. 
4,511. 

Mad, r., O., a large eastern branch of the Great 
Miami r., rises in Logan co., and after a course 
of 50 miles falls into the 3Iiami at Dayton. It has 
a rapid and broken current, and affords extensive 
water power. 

Mad River, t.. Champaign co., O. Situated 
on the head waters of Mad r. It has 2 stores, cap. 
$2,250 ; 2 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 1 flouring m., 4 
grist m., 7 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufactures 
$3,000. Pop. 1,S94. 

Mad River, t., Clarke co., O. Situated on the 
proposed route of Mad river and Lake Erie rail- 
road. Pop. 1,340. 

Magazine, t.. Pope co.. Ark. It has 1 store, 
cap. $550. Pop. 241. 

Magnolia, p-o., Chautauque t., Chautauque 
CO., N. Y., 346 w. by s. Albany, 333 W. 
Magnolia, p-o., Harford co., Md. 



Magnolia, p-o., Stark co., O., 128 n. e. Colum- 
bus, 311 W. 

Magnolia, p-o., Putnam co.. 111., 103 n. Spring- 
field, 796 W. 

Mahomet, p-o.. Champaign co.. 111., 87 e. by 
N. Springfield, 704 W. 

Mahanoy, r.. Pa., rises in Schuylkill co., and, 
after a course of 50 ms., falls into the Susquehan- 
na, 11 ms. below Sunbury. 

Mahanov, p-o.. Upper Mahanoy t., Northum- 
berland CO., Pa., 4!3 N. Harrisburg, 155 W. It con- 
tains a store, and 8 or 10 dwellings. 

Mahantango, r., rises in Schuylkill co., and 
falls into the e. side of the Susquehanna r., 18 ms. 
below Sunbury. 

Mahoning, t., Mercer co.. Pa., 16 s. vv. Mer- 
cer b. The surface is level ; soil, clay and loam. 
Drained by Mahoning r. It has 19 stores, cap. 
$35,000 ; 3 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 furnaces, 
5 tanneries, 1 distillery, 2 potteries, 11 grist in., II 
saw m. Capital in manufac. $8,009. aO sch. 663 
scholars. Pop. 3,099. 

Mahoning, t., Columbia co.. Pa. Bounded s. 
by Susquehanna r. The surface is diversified ; 
soil, clay and gravel. Drained by Mahoning cr., 
which flows into Susquehaima r. It has 10 stores, 
cap. $103,800 ; 1 fulling m., 1 furnace, 1 tannery, 

3 distilleries, 1 brewery, 1 printing office. Cap. 
in manufac. $51,370. 2 acad. 41 students, 6 sch. 
314 scholars. Pop. 1,927. 

Mahoning, r., O. and Pa., rises in Portage co., 
passes Warren in Trumbull co., O., and joins 
Beaver r. in Pa., through which it enters the Ohio 
river at Beaver. The Pennsylvania and Ohio 
canal is constructed along this r. in its lower part. 

Mahoning, p-t., Indiana co.. Pa., 173 vv. by n. 
Harrisburg, 226 W. The surface is hilly; .soil, 
clay. Drained by Great and Little Mahoning 
crs., on the latter of which iron ore is found. U 
has 7 stores, cap. $16,100; 2 tanneries, 3 distil- 
leries, 7 grist m., 8 saw m. Capital in manufac. 
$11,810. 1 sch. 41 scholars. Pop. 2,890. 

Mahoning, p-o., Stark co., O., 142 n. e. Co- 
lumbus, 305 W. 

Maiden Creek, p-t., Berks co.. Pa., 60 e. Har- 
risburg, 153 W. The surface is level ; soil, cal- 
careous loam. Drained by the Schuylkill river, 
and Maiden creek, its tributary.. It contains 1 
church, common to Lutherans and Presbyterians, 
and 1 Friends church. It has 2 stores, cap. $3,000 ; 

4 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $14,640. 
Pop. 1,749. 

Maiden Spring, p-o., Tazewell co., Va., 295 
w. Richmond, 350 W. 

Maidstone, t., Essex co., Vt., 8 n. Guildhall, 
54 N. e. Montpelier. It lies on the w. side of Con- 
necticut r. There is some good land along the r. 
Watered by Paul's stream, which flows into ("on- 
necticut r. Maidstone lake, 3 ms. long and half 
a mile wide, has its outlets into Paul's stream. It 
has 1 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $200. 3 sch. 90 
scholars. Pop. 271. 



MAINE. 

Maine, the northeastern of the United States, is bounded n. by Lower Canada ; e. by New 
Brunswick, from which it is separated by the St. Croix river, and a line due n. from the monu- 
ment, at the source of the St. Croix river, as designated and agreed to by the commissioners, under 
the 5th article in the treaty of 1794, between the governments of the United States and Great 
Britain ; thence n., following the exploring line run and marked by the surveyors of the two gov- 
ernments in the years of 1817 and 1818, under the 5th article of the treaty of Ghent, to its intersec- 
tion with the St. John's river, and to the middle of the channel thereof; thence up the middle of 
the main channel of said river St. John, to the mouth of the river St. Francis ; thence up the mid- 
dle of the channel of the said river St. Francis, and through the lakes through which it flows to the 



MAI 373 MAI ^^ 

outlet of the lake Pohenagamook ; tiience southwesterly, in a straight line to a point in the n. w. 
brancli of the river St. John, which point shall be 10 miles distant from the main branch of the St. 
John, in a straight line, and in the nearest direciion ; but if the said point shall be found to be less 
than 7 miles from the nearest point or crest of the highlands, that divide the rivers which empty 
themselves into the river St. Lawrence from those which fall into the river St. John, to a point 7 
miles in a straight line from the said summit or crest ; thence in a straight line in a course about 
s. 8° w. to the point where the parallel of lat. 4(3° 25' n. intersects the s. w. branch of the St. John ; 
thence southerly by the said branch to the source thereof in the highlands at the Metjarmette por- 
tage ; thence down along the said highlands which divide the waters which empty themselves 
into the St. Lawrence from those which fall into the Atlantic ocean, to the head of Hall's 
stream; thence down the middle of said stream till the line thus run intersects the old line of 
boundary surveyed and marked by Valentine and Collins previously to the year 1774, as the 45° 
of N. lat., and which has been known and understood to be the line of actual division between the 
states of New York and Vermont on the one side, and the British province of Lower Canada on the 
other ; and from the said point of intersection vv. along said dividing line, as heretofore known and 
understood, to the Iroquois, or St. Lawrence river. Such are the terms of the late treaty, now rati- 
fied by both governments, and which has happily settled a controversy of a quarter of a century 
The Ime designated as the old line, run as the 45° of n. lat., is found to be about 1 mile n. of the 
true line of 45° n. lat. Maine is bounded s. by the Atlantic ocean. This state lies between 43° 5' 
and 47° 20' n. lat., and between 66° 50' and 70° 55' w. Ion. It is computed to contain 30,000 sq. 
miles, or 19,200,000 acres. It was under the jurisdiction of Massachusetts until 1820, when it was 
made an independent state. The population in 1790, was 96,540 ; in 1800, 151,719 ; in 1810, 228,705 ; 
in 1820, 298,335 ; in 1830, 399,955 ; in 1840, 501,793. Of these 252,989 are free white males ; 247,449 
do. females ; free colored males, 720 ; do. females, 635. Employed in agriculture, 101,630 ; in 
commerce, 2,921 ; manufactures, 21,879 ; navigating the ocean, 10,091 ; learned professions, 1,889. 

Augusta, at the head of sloop navigation on the Kennebec river, 50 miles from its mouth, is the 
seat of government. 

This state is divided into 13 counties, which, with their population and capitals, are as follows : 
York, 54,034, Alfred; Cumberland, 68,658, Portland; Lincoln, 63,517, Wiscasset ; Hancock, 
28,605, Ellsworth ; Washington, 23,327, Machias ; Kennebec, 55,823, Augusta ; Oxford, 33,351, 
Paris; Somerset, 33,912, Norridgewock ; Penobscot, 45,705, Bangor; Waldo, 41,509, Belfast; 
Piscataquis, 13,133, Dover ; Franklin, 20,801, Farmington ; Aroostook, 9,413, Houlton. These 
counties contain about 498 townships, or settlements, some of which have but few inhabitants. 

Maine is an elevated country, but generally uneven and hilly rather than mountanious. On 
the western side of the state, east of the White mountains in New Hampshire, an irregular chain 
of highlands extends eastwardly to the north of the sources of the Kennebec and Penobscot rivers, 
and passing south of the sources of the Aroostook river terminates on the eastern boundary of the 
United States, at an elevated peak, denominated Mars Hill. This chain of highlands the British 
claimed as the most northern boundary of the United States. Katadin mountain is the most ele- 
vated summit of the chain. This peak is about 70 miles n. of Bangor, between the e. and w. 
branches of the Penobscot river. It is 5,335 feet high. Another chain of highlands extends in a 
N. w. direction from near the N. w. source of Connecticut river, dividmg the waters which flow 
northwardly into the St. Lawrence, from those which flow southwardly into the Atlantic ocean 
and the bay of Fundy, which is a branch of it. This is a continuous, though somewhat irregular 
chain, probably nowhere less than 1,400 feet high, and is clearly the northern boundary of the 
United States, as settled by the treaty of 1783. Where the new road from Hallowell -t Quebec 
crosses this chain, it is 2,000 feet high. Though not very elevated, the interior of Maine rises so 
rapidly from the seacoast as to preclude the flow of the tide far hiland, though few other states of 
the Union are more completely traversed by navigable rivers. 

The rest of I\Iaine is hilly, though tlie hills are not generally very elevated. The tract of coun- 
try along the seacoast, to the extent of from 10 to 20 miles from it, and to a greater width in the 
s. w. part, is very various, and generally rather a poor soil, though in some places it is tolerably 
fertile. The best land in the state is between the Penobscot and Kennebec rivers, where it is 
excellent. The mountainous region in the n. w. has a poor soil. East of the Penobscot river, the 
soil is not of a superior quality, excepting about the sources of the St. John's river and its tributary 
streams. 

The principal productions are grass, Indian corn, wheat, barley, rye, and flax. The uncleared 
lands are of great extent, and furnish an immense amount of pine and other lumber, which, in the 
form of masts, plank, boards, and limber, is exported to a great extent, particularly from Ihe terri- 
tory bordering on and e. of the Penobscot river. From other parts of the state near the navigable 
rivers, a great amount of wood for fuel is sent to Boston and the other principal towns on the shore 
of Massachusetts. Fish, potashes, beef, and pork, are also extensive articles of export. 

According to the statistics of the census of 1840, there were in Maine 59,208 horses and mules, 



MAI 374 MAI 

327,255 neat cattle, 619,264 sheep, 117,336 swine. There were produced, 818,166 bush, of wheat, 
355,161 of barley, 1,076,409 of oats, 137,941 of rye, 950,528 of Indian corn, 10,392,330 of potatoes, 
601,358 tons of hay, 1,465,551 pounds of wool, 257,464 of sugar. The value of the products of the 
dairy was $1,496,902, and of lumber $1,808,683. The amount of wheat and Indian corn had been 
greater in some previous years. 

Previously to the year 1807, when the wars in Europe gave to the United States a great share 
of the carrying trade of the world, commerce was so profitable, and the facihties for carrying it on 
in Maine were so great, that agriculture was greatly neglected for this superior source of wealth ; but 
afterward, when an embargo, and non-intercourse, and war, crippled the resources of commerce, 
the inhabitants of ]\Iaine were driven from tlie seaboard on to the lands in the interior ; and from 
that time the agricultural resources of the state have been more extensively developed. Much of 
the land is well adapted to grazing, and cattle and sheep are raised in great perfection. Sometimes 
the crop of Indian corn suffers from the shortness of the season. Among the fruits, apples, pears, 
plums, and melons, succeed well. 

The facilities which Maine enjoys for commerce are very great. Tlie rivers are extensively 
navigable, and numerous bays and inlets on the coast, protected as they often are by islands, furnish 
more good harbors than are found in any other state in the Union. Ships are extensively built, not 
only for their own use, but for a foreign market. The fisheries furnish employment to many of the 
inhabitants, and are not only a source of wealth, but a nursery of seamen. Lime is exported, 
chiefly from Thomaston, to the amount of about $1,000,000 annually. A fine building granite, 
chiefly from Hallowell, which is of a light color, is also extensively exported. Maine, in point of 
shipping, is the third state in the Union. 

The climate of Maine, though subject to great extremes of heat and cold, is generally favorable 
to health. The cold of winter, though severe, is steady, and is less injurious to the constitution 
than the sudden changes so frequent in many parts of the country. Near the ocean the heat of 
summer is greatly tempered by the sea breezes. The season of vegetation, at its greatest length, 
extends from April 21st to October 16th, though the vigor of vegetation does not continue more 
than three months and a half. In July 9th, 1838, the therniomeler rose to 100° above zero, and on 
January 26th, 1837, it sunk to 27° below zero, which may be regarded as the extremes of temper- 
ature. Such extremes are of short continuance. 

Maine has a number of fine rivers. Among these is the Penobscot, 250 miles long, and naviga- 
ble for large ships to Bangor, 52 miles from the ocean. The tide here rises from 20 to 25 feet, and 
is of itself sufficient to float large ships, and greatly facilitates the entrance and departure of ves- 
sels. The Kennebec has a course of about 250 miles, and is navigable for large ships to Bath, 12 
miles from the ocean ; and for vessels of 150 tons to Hallowell, 40 miles from the sea ; and for 
sloops of 100 tons 2 miles further, to Augusta ; and for boats to Waterville, 18 miles above Augusta. 
The Androscoggin rises in New Hampshire, but runs chiefly in Maine, and unites with the Ken- 
nebec, 20 miles from the ocean. The Saco rises in the White mountains in New Hampshire, but 
soon enters Mame, and, pursuing a southeastwardly direction, discharges itself into Saco bay. It 
is navigable for ships 6 miles to Saco falls. The Damariscotta is chiefly an arm of the sea, has a 
tide of 10 feet, and is navigable for large vessels 18 miles to Nobleboro. The Sheepscot is a small 
river, with a large bay at its mouth, which forms the harbor of Wiscasset, one of the finest in the 
state. All these, above the navigation for vessels, as well as many others, have numerous falls, 
and furnish many excellent mill seats. The Piscataqua river forms the boundary oi' Maine on the 
west, but runs chiefly in New Hampshire. 

Maine has numerous lakes and ponds in the interior. The largest lakes are Moosehead, which 
is 50 miles long, and from 10 to 15 broad ; and Urabagog, which lies partly in New Hampshire, and 
is 18 miles long and 10 broad. But so numerous are the smaller lakes and ponds, that it is compu- 
ted that one tenth of the surface of the state is covered with water. 

The coast of Maine abounds with islands, the largest of which is Mount Desert, in Frenchman's 
bay, and is 15 miles long and 12 broad. Long island. Deer i^-land, and Fox islands, are on the w. 
side of Penobscot bay. The principal bays are Penobscot, 30 miles long and 18 wide ; Casco bay, 
extending 20 miles between Cape EHzabeth and Cape Small Point, containing many islands ; and 
Passamaquoddy bay, lying between Maine and New Brunswick, 6 miles deep and 12 wide. The 
shores of Maine are bold and rocky, and have many inlets. 

The most commercial cities and towns are Portland, (city,) on Casco Bay, the third in commer- 
cial importance in New England ; Bangor, (city,) on the Penobscot ; Hallowell, on the Kennebec ; 
Thomaston, on the St. George river ; Bath, on the Kennebec ; Belfast, on a branch of Penobscot 
bay ; and Wiscasset, on a bay at the mouth of the Sheepscot. Besides these, the other large towns 
are Augusta, Gardiner, Brunswick, Waldoborough, Frankfort, Prospect, Bucksport, Camden, Gor- 
ham, NVells, and Eastport. 

The exports of Maine for the year ending September, 1840, were $1,018,259, and the imports 
were $628,762. There were in Maine, in 1840, 70 commercial and 14 commission houses engaged 



MAI 375 MAI 

in foreign trade, employing a capital of $1,6 16,926 ; and 2,220 retail drygoods and other stores, with 
a capital of $3,973,593 ; 2,068 persons were employed in tiie lumber trade, with a capital of 
$305,830 ; 123 persons were employed in internal transportation, who, with 56 butchers, packers, &c., 
used a capital of $95,150 ; 3,610 persons were engaged in the fisheries, with a capital of $526,967. 

Though manufactures are not a primary object of attention in Maine, they have not been ne- 
glected. The amount of home-made or family manufactures in 1840, was $:i04,397. There were 
24 woollen manufactories employing 532 persons, producing goods to the amount of $412,366, and 
employing a capital of $316,105 ; 6 cotton manufactories, with 29,736 spindles, employing 1,414 per- 
sons, producing goods to the amount of $970,397, with a capital of $1,398,000 ; 16 furnaces produced 
6,122 tons of cast iron, and 1 forge for bar iron, employing 48 persons, and a capital of $185,950 ; 
15 persons produced 50,000 bushels of salt, with a capital of $25,000 ; 280 persons produced granite 
and marble to the amount of $98,720 ; 6 paper mantifactories employed 89 persons, producing to 
the amount of $84,000, with a capital of $20,600 ; 37 persons manufactured tobacco to the amount 
of $18,150, with a capital of $6,050; hats and caps were made to the value of $74,174, and straw 
bonnets to the value of $8,807, together employing 212 persons, and a capital of $28,050 ; 395 tan- 
neries employed 754 persons, and a capital of $571,793 ; 530 other leather manufactories, as saddle- 
ries, <fec., produced articles worth $443,846, and had a capital of $191,717 ; 21 potteries employed 
31 persons, and manufactured articles to the amount of $20,850, with a capital of $11,353 ; 864 per- 
sons manufactured bricks and lime to the amount of $261,586, with a capital of $300,822; 339 per- 
sons produced machinery to the amoimt of $69,752 ; 119 persons produced hardware and cutlery to 
the amount of §65,555 ; 4 ropewalks, employing 34 persons, produced cordage to the amount of 
$32,660, with a capital of $23,000 ; 779 persons produced wagons and carriages to the amount of 
$174,310, and employed a capital of $75,012; flouring, saw, and other mills, employed 3,630 per- 
sons, producing manufactures to the amount of $3,161,592, with a capital of $2,900,565. Ships were 
built to the amount of $1,844,902 ; furniture was manufactured to the amount of $204,875, employ- 
ing 1,453 persons, and a capital of $668,558 ; 34 brick, and 1,674 wooden houses were erected, em- 
ploying 2,482 persons, and cost $733,067 ; 34 printing offices, 14 binderies, 3 daily, 2 semi-weekly, 
30 weekly newspapers, 5 periodicals, the whole employing 196 persons, and a capital of §68,200. 
The whole amomit of capital employed in manufactures in the state was $7,147,224. 

Maine has a number of respectable literary institutions. The principal is Bowdoin College, at 
Brunswick, vshich received its name from the Hon. James Bowdoin, its founder. It was founded 
in 1794, and went into operation in 1802, has been liberally endowed by its founder, by Massachu- 
setts, and by Maine, and is a flourishing institution. It has 11 instructors, 165 students, and 20,000 
volumes in its hbraries. Waterville College was founded in 1820, and is under the control of the 
Baptists. It has 6 instructors, 65 students, and 7,900 volumes in its libraries. The Banger Theo- 
logical Seminary was established in 1816, is under the direction of the Congregationalists, and gives 
a classical and theological education, preparatory to the gospel ministry. It has 3 instructors, 43 
students, and 7,000 volumes in its library. The Methodists have an institution at Readfield, de- 
nominated the Maine VVesleyan Seminary, founded in 1822. In all these institutions there were in 
1840, 266 students, which is something less than the above aggregate, which is of a later date. 
There were in the state in 1840, 86 academies, with 8,477 students, and 3,385 primary and com- 
mon schools, with 164,477 scholars. Notwithstanding these facilities for education, there were 
3,241 persons over 20 years of age who could neither read nor write. 

The three principal religious denominations in 3Iaine are the Baptists, the Methodists, and the 
Congregationalists. In 1836 their numbers were as follows : Baptists, 222 churches, 145 ordained 
ministers, 15,000 communicants ; Methodists, 115 travelling preachers, 15,493 communic-ants ; Con- 
gregationalists, 161 churches, 119 ministers, 12,370 communicants. Besides the above, there are 
some Free-Will Baptists, Friends, Univcrsalists, Unitarians, Roman Catholics, and Episcopalians. 

There were on the 1st of January, 1840, 48 banks in Maine, with an aggregate capital of 
$4,671,500, and a circulation of $1,224,658. At the close of 1810 the state debt amounted to 
$1,687,367. 

There is a state prison at Tliomaston, where the convicts are extensively employed in quarrying 
and cutting stone. 

Maine has executed and projected several important works of internal improvement. The Cum- 
berland and Oxford canal was completed in 1829. This canal connects Portland with Sebago 
Pond, is 20i miles long, and has 25 locks. By another lock in Saco river, it is extended through 
Brandy and Long ponds, making its whole length 50 miles, and its whole cost about ,$250,000. 
Bangor and Orono railroad was completed in 1836, and connects the two places, being 12 miles 
long. The Portland, Saco, and Portsmouth railroad was incorporated in 1837, and connects with 
the railroad from Boston to Portsmouth. A railroad has been projected from Portland to Bangor, a 
distance of 132 miles, to complete the great chain of railroads along the seaboard. Several routes 
have been explored from the seaboard to Quebec, the nearest and least expensive of which is from 
Belfast ; but it is not probable that such a work will soon be completed. 



MAL 



376 



MAN 



Maine became an independent state in 1820, having previously belonged to Massachusetts. The 
governor is chosen annually by the people, and has a salary of $1,500. The senate and house of 
representatives are also elected annually by the people. The number of the senate cannot be less 
than 20, nor more than 31. The number of representatives cannot be less than 100, nor more than 
200. Seven councillors are elected by the legislature to advise the governor in liis executive du- 
ties. The judges of the supreme court are appointed by the governor and council, and hold their 
offices during good behavior, or until they are 70 years of age. 

The first permanent settlement in Maine was made in Bristol, which lies on the east side of Da- 
mariscotta river, at Pemaquid point. In 1635, the District was granted by the British crown to Sir 
Ferdinando Gorges, who appointed a governor and council. In 1652, the state of Massachusetts 
purchased the territory of the heirs of Gorges for $5,334. It was annexed to Massachusetts in 1691) 
by a charter from William and Mary, and remained under its jurisdiction until it became an inde- 
pendent state. 



M.\iNE, p-v.. Union t., Broome co., N. Y., 147 
w. s. w. Albany, 296 W. It contains 1 Presby- 
terian and 1 Baptist church, an academy, 2 stores, 

1 tannery, 50 dwellings, and about 300 inhabit- 
ants. 

3Iainesburg, p-o., Tioga co., Pa., 142 n. Har- 
risburg, 252 W. 

Mal.\ga, p-t., Monroe co., O., 110 e. Colum- 
bus, 290 W. The v. is situated on elevated 
ground, and contains 1 church, 2 stores, and 15 
or 20 dwellings. Tliere are m the t. 2 sch. 55 
scholars. Pop. 1,442. 

Malaga, p-v., Gloucester co., N. J., 55 s. w. 
Trenton, 166 W. Situated on the iiead branch 
of Maurice r., and contains 2 stores, a grist m., 
a glass fac, which manufactures window glass, 
35 dwellings, and about 200 inliabitants. 

Malcolm, p-o., Jefferson co.. Miss., 70 s. w. 
Jackson, 1,080 W. 

Malden, p-t., Middlesex co., Mass., 5 n. Bos- 
ton, 445 W. The surface is rough and uneven, 
with considerable salt meadow. It contains 4 
churches — 1 Congregationalist, 1 Baptist, 1 Meth- 
odist, and 1 Universalist. Incorporated in 1649. 
A bridge over Mystic r. connects it with Charles- 
town. There are m the t. 13 stores, cap. $9,550 ; 
3 gi'ist m. Cap. in manufac. $105,675. 8 sch. 
659 scholars. Pop. 2,514. 

Malden, p-v., Saugerties t., Ulster co., N. Y., 
112 N. New York, 43 s. by w. Albany, 333 W. 
Situated on the w. side of Hudson r., and con- 
tains 1 church and 2 stores. It has a steamboat 
landing, from which a large quantity of leather 
and of flagging stones are shipped. 

Malden Bridge, p-v., Chatliam t., Columbia 
CO., N. Y., 16 s. by e. Albany, 361 W. Situated 
on Kinderhook cr., and contains 2 churches, 3 
stores, 1 flouring m., 1 cabinet fac, 1 tannery and 
harness fac, 40 dwellings, and about 250 inhabit- 
ants. 

Mallet Creek, po., Medina co., O., 117 n. 
E. by N. Columbus, 356 W. 

Mallorysville, p-v., Wilkes co., Ga., 91 n. 
E. Milledgeville, 583 W. It contains an academy, 

2 stores, and 8 or 10 dwellings. 

Malone, p-t., capital of Franklin co., N. Y., 
214 N. by w. Albany, 529 W. The surface is 
level ; soil, a fertile sandy loam. Watered by 
Salmon and Trout rivers, which flow into Canada. 
The v. has a romantic situation, on both sides of 
Salmon r., crossed by a bridge 80 feet wide, and 
65 above the surface of the r. It contains a court 
house, jail, county clerk's office, 3 churches — 1 
Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist — the Frank- 
lin Academy, a state arsenal, 1 cotton fac. with 
5,000 sp. and 80 looms, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 pail 
fac, 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, and 1 
furnace, 100 dwellings, and about 750 "inliabit- 
ants. The r, affords extensive water power, and 
the best of iron ore is found in the vicuiiiy. The 



t. has 6 stores, cap. $18,250 ; 1 lumber yard, cap. 
$5,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 forge, 2 tanneries, 1 print- 
ing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 2 grist m., 8 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac $37,673. 1 acad., 18 sch. 
765 scholars. Pop. 3,229. 

Malta, p-t., Saratoga co., N. Y., 6 s. e. Ball- 
ston Spa, 29 n. Albany, 400 W. The surface is 
undulating ; soil, clay, loam, and sand. Saratoga 
lake lies in the n. e., and Round lake in the s. 
E. part. Drained by Anthony's Kill, the outlet 
of Round lake. The v., called Dunning Street, 
has 1 store, and 12 or 15 dwellings. The t. has 
3 stores, cap. $8,800; 3 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 
3 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 2 grist m., 3 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $16,100. 10 sch. 357 scholars. 
Pop. 1,457. 

AIalta, p-v., Morgan co., O., 72 e. by s. Co- 
lumbus, 331 W. Situated on the w. side of Mus- 
kingimi r. The v. contains 3 stores, 30 dwellings, 
and about 200 inhabitants. The t. has 4 stores, 
cap. $8,100 ; 1 tannery, 4 saw ra. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $1,750. 5 sch. 101 scholars. Pop. 1,405. 

Maltaville, p-v., Malta t., Saratoga co., N. 
Y., 30 N. Albany, 401 W. Situated near Round 
lake, and contains 1 church, 1 store, 1 woollen 
fac, 1 grist m., and 15 or 20 dwellings. 

Maluncas, p-o., Aroostook co., Me., 140 n. e. 
Augusta, 735 W. 

Malugin Grove, p-o., Lee co., 111. 

Malvern, p-o., Carroll co., O., 137 e. n. e. 
Columbus, 306 W. 

Mamakatlng, t., Sullivan co., N. Y., 12 e. 
Slonticello, 101 .s. s. w. Albany. The surface is 
hilly and mountainous. Watered by Bashe's 
Kill, along which passes the Delaware and Hud- 
son canal. It has 23 stores, cap. $15,250 ; 9 lum- 
ber yards, cap. $4,900 ; 6 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 
5 grist m., 14 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $48,553. 
1 acad. 36 students, 16 sch. 883 scholars. Pop. 
3,418. 

Mamaroneck, p-t., Westchester co., N. Y., 23 
N. E. New York, 143 s. Albany, 248 W. The 
surface is hilly ; soil, sandy loam and clay, well 
cultivated. Drained by fllamaroneck cr., which 
flows into Long Island sound, which latter bounds 
it on the s. The v. is situated on the sound, and 
contains 1 Episcopal and 1 Methodist church, 2 
stores, 1 salamander safe fac, 40 dwellings, and 
about 250 inhabitants. Two or three sloops, 
owned here, ply between this place and New 
York. The t. has 3 sch. 64 scholars. Pop. 1,416. 

Mam.viklle, t., Poinsett co.. Ark. It has 1 
tannery, 1 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $1,500. I 
sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 124. 

Manahocking, p-v., StaflTordt., Monmouth co., 
N. J., 61 E. Trenton, 200 W. Situated on a cr. 
of the same name, 4 miles from Little Egg Har- 
bor bay, and contains 3 churches — 1 Baptist, I 
Methodist, and 1 Friends — 30 dwellings, and 
about 200 inhabitants. 



MAN 



377 



MAN 



Manalapan, p o., Monmouth cc, N. J., 26 n. 
E. Trenton, 192 W. 

MANAsauAN, r., Monmouth co., N. Y., rises in 
Freehold t., and after a s. e. course of 18 miles, 
enters the Atlantic by Manasquan inlet. The 
tidewater, 3 ms. above its mouth, is crossed by 
Squan bridge. 

Manasquan, p v., Howell t., Jlonmouth co., 
N. J., 51 E. s. E. Trenton, 217 W. 

Manayunk, p v., Roxborough t., Philadelphia 
CO., Pa., 7 N. N. w. Philadelphia, 99 e. by s. llar- 
risburg, 144 W. Situated on the e. bank of 
Schuylkill r., and on Flat Rock canal, a part of 
the Schuylkill cliain. It has an extensive water 
power, created by the waste water of the canal. 
It contains 5 churches — 1 German Reformed, 1 
Episcopal, 2 Methodi.st, and 1 Roman Catholic — 
12 or 13 stores, 23 or 30 mills and manufactories, 
and 500 dwellings. Two bridges cross the Schuyl- 
kill, and the Schuylkill canal and Norristown 
railroad pass through the place. 

Manchac, p-o., East Baton Rouge parish. La., 
102 N. w. New Orleans, 1,182 W. Situated on 
the E. bank of the Mississippi r., and n. side of 
Manchac Pass. 

MANCttAUG, p-o., Worcester co., Mass., 43 w. 
Boston, 400 W. 

Manchester, p-t., Hillsboro' co., N. H., 21 s. 
s. E. Concord, 461 W. Merrimac r. runs on its 
w. border, and affords an extensive water power. 
Massabe-sic pond, a large body of water, hes on 
its E. border. The canal around Amoskeag falLs, 
in tlie Merrimac, is in this t. The soil is light 
and sandy, but fertile on tiie r. Incorporated in 
1751. A flourishing manufacturing v. is rising 
up at the falls. There are in the t. 31 stores, cap. 
$66,9-15 ; 3 lumber yards, cap. $18,000; 1 fullhig 
m., 1 woollen fac, 1 brewery, 2 printing offices, 
3 weekly newspapers, 4 gri.st m., 5 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $569,512. 8 sch. 950 scholars. Pop. 
3,233. 

Manchester, p-t., and semi-capital of Ben- 
nington CO., Vt, 95 s. s. w. Montpelier, 423 W. 
The surface is uneven, and the soil fertile. Wa- 
tered by Battenkill r. and its branches, which 
afford extensive water power. White marble is 
found in inexhaustible quantities. The v. is 
pleasantly situated on elevated ground, and hand- 
somely built, chiefly on one street. It contains 
a court house, jail, a well endowed academy, 
called the Burr Seminary, a Congregational 
church, and a number of stores and mechanic 
shops. There is another v. n. of this, and in the 
t. an Episcopal and a Baptist church. It has 4 
stores, cap. S18,0u0 ; 3 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 
1 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufoc. $2,075. 
1 acad. 105 students. 10 sch. 510 scholars. Pop. 
1,594. 

Manchester, p-t., Essex co., Mass., 23 n. e. 
Boston, 463 W. Situated on Massachusetts bay. 
The surface is rough and rocky, and the soil va- 
rious. The inhabitants are extensively employed 
in the fisheries. Vessels of 120 tons come to the 
v., and vessels of any size find good anchorage 
in the liarbor, which is safe. The v. has 1 Con- 
gregational and 1 Universalist church, and about 
80 or 90 dwellings. There are in the t. 6 com- 
mercial houses, cap. §10,500; 1 tannery, 2 grist 
m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. §65,950. 4 sch. 
200 scholars. Pop. 1,355. 

Manchester, p-t., Hartford co., Ct., 10 e. 
Hartford, 3 16 W. Situated on Hockanum river, 
which affords water power. The surface is un- 
even; soil, sandy and gravelly loam. It has 
several villages. Incorporated in 1823. It lias 
7 stores, cap. $20,300 ; 6 fulling m., 5 woollen 
fac, 2 cotton fac. 3,800 sp., 3 powder m., 7 paper 
48 



fac, 2 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $220,500. 7 
sch. 407 scholars. Pop. 1,695. 

Manchester, p-t., Ontario co., N. Y., 8 n. 
Canandaigua, 202 w. Albany, 318 W. The sur- 
face is imdulating ; soil, gandy loam and clay, 
and fertile. Drained by ( 'anandaigua outlet. It 
contains a sulphur spring in the e. part of the t. 
The V. is situated on the outlet of Canandaigua 
lake, and contains 2 churches, 2 stores, 1 woollen 
fac, 1 furnace, 25 dwellings, and about 200 in- 
habitants. There are in the t. 3 stores, capital 
$8,550 ; 3 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 
2 distilleries, 1 paper fac, 2 flouring m., 2 grist 
ra., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9 J,450. 10 sch. 
975 scholars. Pop. 2,912. 

Manchester, v., lurtland t., Oneida co., N. 
Y. Situated on Oriskany cr., and contains 1 
church, 3 stores, 1 cotton fac, 1 flouring m., 1 
grist m., 50 dwellings, and about 35) inhabitants. 

Manchester, t., Wayne co., Pa. It has 4 
stores, cap. $17,000; 2 tanneries, 15 distilleries, 
1 pottery, 8 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$84,450. 3 sch. 60 scholars. Pop. 281. 

Manchester, v., Ponghkeepsie t., Dutchess 
CO., N. Y. Situated on Wappinger's creek, and 
contains a cotton fac. with 2,000 sp. and G6 looms, 
employing 100 persons ; 20 or 30 dwellings, and 
about 250 iniiabitants. 

Manchester, p o., Monmouth co., N. J 

Manchester, t., Passaic co., N. J., 18 n. w. 
New York. Organized in 1836. The surface is 
hilly or mountainous. Watered by Ramapo, 
Porapton, and Passaic rivers, which afford ex- 
tensive water power. The v. is on the Passaic 
r., opposite to Paterson, with wliich it is connect- 
ed by 2 bridges. It has 9 stores, cap. $16,000 ; 2 
tanneries, 1 distillery, 7 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac $38,655. 1 acad. 24 students, 6 scL 
265 scholars. Pop. 3,110. 

Manchester, p-t., York co., Pa., 18 s. Harris- 
burg, 96 W. It has 4 stores, cap. $17,000; 2 
lumber yards, cap. $1,100; 2 tanneries, 15 distil- 
leries, 1 pottery, 1 flouring m., 8 grist m., 5 saw 
m. Cap. m manufac. $81,450. Pop. 2,152. 

Manchester, p-v., Carroll co., Md., 60 n. w. 
Annapolis, 70 W. 

Manchester, p-v., Sprigg t., Adams co., O., 
114 s. by w. Columbus, 451 W. Situated on the 
Ohio r., and contains a number of stores, about 
30 or 40 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. 
First settled in 1791. 

Manchester, t., Morgan co., O. It has 1 
store, cap. $1,200; 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $2,025. 8 sch. 268 scholars. Pop. 1,267. 

Manchester, v., Franklin t.. Summit co., O. 
(See Nimisilla.) 

3Ianchester, p-v., Chesterfield co., Va., 2 s. 
Richmond, 119 W. Pleasantly situated on .lames 
r., opposite to Richmond, to which it is united by 
3Iayos bridge. It contains 2 churches — 1 Bap- 
tist and 1 Methodist — 6 grocery stores, 1 cotton 
seed oil m., 1 cotton fac, with a cap. of $70,000, 
8 tobacco fac, 1 flouring m., 360 dwellings, and 
1,500 inhabitants. 

Manchester, p-v., capital of Clay co., Ky., 
119 s. E. Frankfort, 540 W. Situated on the w. 
side of Goose cr., a tributary of Kentucky r. It 
contains a court house, and several stores and 
dwellmgs. 

Manchester, p-t., Washtenaw co., Mich., 55 
vv. Detroit, 523 W. It has 3 stores, cap. $12,000 ; 
1 fulling ra., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 distil- 
lery, 1 brewery, 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$4,600. 

Manchester, t., Clark co.. Ark. Pop. 443. 

Manchester, p-v.. Dearborn co., la., 76 s. E. 
Indianapolis, 524 W. Pop. of the t. 2,423. 



MAN 



378 



MAN 



Manchester, p-v., Scott co., HI., 51 w. by s. 
Springfield, 831 W. 

Manchester, p-v., St. Louis co., Mo., 108 e. 
Jefferson City, 82S W. 

Manchester, p-v., capital of Coffee co., Tenn., 
68 s. e. Nasliville, 652 W. Situated on the head 
waters of Duck r., and contains a court house and 
several dwellings. 

Manchester Centre, p o., Manchester t., 
Ontario co., N. Y., 205 w. Albany, 315 W. 

Mandana, p-o., Skeneateles t., Onondaga co.. 
N. Y. 

Mandan, district, is a territory of the United 
States, included between the British Possessions 
on the N., Wisconsin ter. on the e., the Indian 
ter. on the s., of which the n. fork of Platte r. 
may be considered the boundary, and the Rocky 
mountains, separating it from Oregon ter., on the 
w. It contains about 300,000 square ms., being 
about 520 ms. from n. to s., and 600 from E. to w. 
This extensive region has been but imperfectly 
explored. The surface is chiefly an elevated 
plain, or table land, consisting of vast prairies, on 
which large herds of the bison, elk, and deer, 
range ; and though the soil is generally light and 
thin, it affords abundant grass and herbage for 
their support, and it is undoubtedly capable of 
supporting an equal number of domestic cattle. 
The principal rivers are the Missouri and Yellow 
Stone, with their numerous branches, including 
their sources. The largest branch of the Yellow 
Stone is the Big Horn, which rises in the s. w. 
part of the ter. The source of the Missouri in 
this ter. is about 3,100 ms. above its junction vvith 
the Mississippi, in about 43° 30' n. lat. Within 
about J of a mile from tiiis point are found the 
head waters of the n. branch of Lewis's r., which 
flows into the Columbia r. The principal eleva- 
tions E. of the Rocky mountains are the Black 
hills, covered with shrubby cedars, which com- 
mence in the s. part of the ter., extending n. e. 
The most interesting feature of this region is the 
capacity which it affords for a pass and a road 
across the Rocky mountains. It appears that all 
the points of departiu-e are situated in the vicinity 
of the Black hills, between the 43d and the 45th 
parallels of latitude ; and that among these passes 
across the mountains, there is one, and probably 
but one, sufficiently gradual in its ascents and 
descents, and sufficiently open, to admit of the 
passage of wheel carriages, and consequently of 
the ready construction of a convenient and good 
road. This pass goes through an opening in the 
Black lulls, at about 44° 30' n. lat., and, keeping 
between these hills and Big Horn mountain, it 
crosses tlie tributaries of the Yellow Stone from 
the s., and finally the Yellow Stone itself It 
tlien crosses the Missouri, or rather the three 
forks of that r., a short distance above their junc- 
tion, from whence it pursues a southwestwardly 
direction, until arriving at the head waters of 
Bitter Root r. ; thence down the valley of this r., 
to its junction with the Salmon, or Lewis's r., 
and thence down the valley of this last r., to its 
jimction with the Columbia. The point of de- 
parture above-mentioned is about 650 ms. north- 
westwardly from the Council Bluffs, on the Mis- 
souri ; and the direction of that r., for 300 ms., is 
nearly parallel with the route above described, 
and the Missouri would afford the means of 
transportation for 3U0 miles, from the Council 
Bluffs, on the route. A future day may witness 
a good road across the Rocky mountains along 
this interesting route. The prmcipal aboriginal 
tribes of Mandan district are the Pawnees, Ricca- 
rees, Crows, Blackfeet Indians, &c. They owri 
horses in abundance, and on them pursue the 



bison, and transport their baggage from place to 
place ; and many of them are very expert horse- 
men. A greater part of this region is destitute 
of timber ; but as the rivers descend toward the 
E., trees extensively skirt their borders. The 
Mandan Indians, who formerly inhabited a part 
of this territory, were mostly exterminated by 
the small-pox in 1837 ; and those who remained 
have become united with other tribes. To per- 
petuate their memory, their name has been at- 
tached to the district. 

Mandarin, p-o., Duvall co., Flor. Situated on 
the E. side of St. John's r. 

Mandeville, v., St. Tammany parish, La 
Situated on the n. side of Lake Pontchartrain, 
and contains a few dwellings. 

Mangohick, p-o.. King William co., Va. 

Manhassett, p-v., N. Hempstead t.. Queens 
CO., N. Y^, 137 s. by e. Albany, 247 W. Situated 
at the head of Cow Neck, and contains 3 church- 
es — 1 Dutch Reformed, 1 Episcopal, and 1 
Friends — an academy, 1 store, and 10 or 15 
dwellings. 

Manhattan, p-v., Port Lawrence t., Lucas 
CO., O., 137 N. by w. Columbus, 467 W. Situ- 
ated at the mouth of Maumee r., at the termina- 
tion of the Wabash and Erie canal. It has 1 sch. 
35 scholars. Pop. 282. 

Manhattan, p-v., Putnam co., la., 46 w. by s. 
Indianapolis, 617 W. Situated on the national 
road, and on the w. side of Eel r. 

Manhattanville, v.. New York co., N. Y., 
8 N. City Hall, New York. Situated on the e. 
side of Hudson river, and contains 1 Episcopal 
church, 4 stores, 1 white lead fac, 70 dwellings, 
and about 500 inhabitants. It has a convenient 
landing and wharf The New York Lunatic 
Asylum is situated on elevated ground, half a 
mile s. 

Manheim, p-t., Herkimer co., N. Y., 64 w. n. 
w. Albany, 397 W. Te surface is hilly ; soil, a 
fertile clay and calcareous loam. Drained by 
East Canada cr., which flows into the Mohawk r., 
which bounds it on the s. It has 7 stores, cap. 
$16,500 ; 3 tanneries, 3 grist m., 9 saw m., 1 oil 
m. Cap. in manufac. $164,600. 9 sch. 496 
scholars. Pop. 2,095. 

Manheim, p-t., Lancaster co.. Pa., 33 e. s. e. 
Harrisburg, 123 W. The surface is rolling ; soil, 
calcareous loam and clay. Great Conestoga cr. 
flows on its E., and Little Conestoga cr. on its s. 
w. boundary. Moravia cr. crosses its N. E. cor- 
ner. It has 3 stores, cap. $6,000 ; 3 flouring m., 
1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,075. 1 
sch. 35 scholars. Pop. 1,829. 

Manheim, t., Schuylkill co.. Pa. The surface 
is mountainous ; soil, a sterile white gravel. 
Schuylkill r. runs through its n. e. part, by trib- 
utaries of which it is drained. It contains a Lu- 
theran ciiurch in its s. w. part. It has 13 stores, 
cap. $33,500 ; 1 furnace, 1 forge, 2 tanneries, 1 
powder m., 4 grist m., 16 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $3,.500. 5 sch. 128 scholars. Pop. 3,441. 

Manheim, t., York co.. Pa., 16 s. w. York. 
The surface is undulating ; soil, a fertile loam. 
Drained by Hammer cr., a branch of Codorus cr. 
It has 5 stores, cap. $5,000 ; 1 woollen fac, 4 tan- 
neries, 36 distilleries, 1 pottery, 1 paper fac, 11 
grist m., 12 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. 
$54,372. 4 sch. 71 scholars. Pop. 1,525. 

Manheim Ce.ntre, p-o., Manheim t., Herki- 
mer CO., N. Y., 72 w. N. w. Albany, 394 W. 

Manilla, p-o.. Rush co., la., 42 e. s. e. Indi- 
anapolis, 548 W. 

Manitoowoc, county. Wis. Situated in the 
N. E. part of the ter., and contains 468 sq. ms. 
The soil is heavily timbered and fertile, with 



MAN 



379 



MAP 



some swamps. Drained by Manitoovvoc r. and 
its branches. Capital, Manitoowoc. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 81, swine 90; wheat 
225 bush, produced, Ind. corn 175, oats 1,750, 
potatoes 1,900, sugar 2,900 pounds ; 1 flouring m., 

6 saw m. Cap. m raanufac. $20,000. Pop. 235. 
Manitoowoc, p-v., capital of Manitoowoc co.. 

Wis., 178 N. E. Madison, 900 W. Situated on 
Manitoowocr., at its junction with Lake Michigan. 

Manistee, county, Mich., on the n. e. shore 
of Lake Michigan. Manistee r. passes through 
the CO., into Lake Michigan. It is unorganized. 

Manlius, p-t., Onondaga CO., N. Y., 10 e. Sy- 
racuse, 121 w. by N. Albany, 346 W. The sur- 
face is rolling ; soil, a fertile clay and sandy 
loam. Drained by Limestone and Chittenango 
creeks. The v. is situated on the Cherry Valley 
turnpike, and contains 5 churches, an academy, 

7 stores, 3 cotton fac., 3 grist m., 1 fulling m., 2 
saw m., 1 tannery, 1 carriage fac, 1 plaster m., 
200 dwellings, and about 1,2;K) inhabitants. In- 
corporated in 1813. There are in the t., 22 stores, 
cap. $98,000 ; 3 tanneries, 1 printing office, 1 
weekly newspaper, 3 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $14S,600. 3 acad. 578 students, 24 
sch. 1,402 scholars. Pop. 5,509. 

Manlius Centre, p-v., Manlius t., Onondaga 
CO., N. Y., 135 w. by n. Albany, 350 W. Situa- 
ted on the Erie canal, and contains 1 church, 3 
stores, 40 dwellings, and about 300 inhabitants. 

3Ianlius, t., Allegan co., Mich. It has 1 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $3,5U0. Pop. 35. 

Manliij.s, p-o., Carroll co., Mo., 118 n. w. Jef- 
ferson City, 1,012 W. 

Manningham, p-v., Butler co., Ala., 132 s. s. 
E. Tuscaloosa, 88y W. 

Mannings, p-o., Claiborne co., Miss., 406 n. 
w. New Orleans, 1,325 W. 

Mannington, p-o., Susquehanna co., Pa., 185 
N. N. w. Harrisburg, 295 W. 

Mannington, t., Salem co., N. J., 6 n. e. Sa- 
lem. The surface is level ; soil, a fertile loam. 
Drained by Salem river and Mannington cr. 
It contains 1 Baptist and 1 Metiiodist church, 
and the county poorhouse. It has 1 store, 1 
grist m. Cap. in manufac. $4,510. 7 sch. 169 
scholars. Pop. 2,064. 

Mannington, p-o., Leon co., Flor. 

Mannsborough, p-v., Amelia co., Va., 46 s. 
w. Richmond, 165 W. 

Mannsville, p-v., Ellisburg t., Jefferson co., 
N. Y., 166 N. w. Albany, 396 W. It contains 1 
church, 2 stores, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 carding 
and fulling m., 1 tannery, 25 dwellings, and about 
150 inhabitants. 

Manor, p-t., Lancaster co.. Pa., 6 s. w. Lan- 
caster, 33 s. E. Harrisburg, 105 W. The surface 
is rolling or hilly ; soil, calcareous loam. The 
Conestoga r. forms its s. e. boundary, by branches 
of which it is watered. It has 7 stores, cap. 
$22,500 ; 1 woollen fac, 18 distilleries, 10 flour- 
ing m., 10 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$57,800. 18 sch. 844 scholars. Pop. 4,152. 

Manor Hill, p-o., Huntingdon co.. Pa., 83 w. 
Harrisburg. 

Mansfield, t., Lamoille co., Vt., 20 e. by n. 
Burlington, 20 n. w. Montpelier. Chartered in 
1763. The surface is mountainous, contaming 
the highest peaks in the Green mountains, de- 
nominated the Chin, 4,279 feet above tidewater, 
and the Nose, 3,933 feet. There is a little good 
land along Waterbury and Brown's rivers, by 
which it is drained ; but most of it is incapable 
of cultivation. It has 2 saw m., 4 sch. 77 schol- 
ars. Pop. 223. 

Mansfield, p-t., Bristol co., Mass., 29 s. s. w. 
Boston, 421 W. The surface ia level ; soil, light 



and thin. Watered by branches of Taunton r. 
Chartered in 1770. A valuable bed of anthracite 
coal has been found near the Boston and Provi- 
dence railroad. It has 5 stores, 1 woollen fac, 
3 grist ra., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $76,300. 
8 sch. 345 scholars. Pop. 1,3S2. 

Mansfield, p-t., Tolland co., Ct., 24 e. Hart- 
ford, 360 W. The .surface is uneven ; soU, 
gravelly loam. Watered by Willimantic r. and 
Natchaug r. and its branches, which afford water 
power. It is noted for the production of silk, 
which commenced here in 1793, and has pro- 
gressed to the present time. A large amount of 
sewing silk is e,\ported. It has 5 stores, cap. 
$6,1(XJ; 1 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 1,000 sp., 
3 tanneries, 1 pottery, 4 gri.st m., 5 sawm. Cap. 
in manufac. $66,133. 17 sch. 613 scholars. Pop. 
2,276. 

Mansfield, p-t., Cattaraugus co., N. Y., 5 w. 
Ellicottville, 30U w. by s. Albany, 342 W. The 
surface is undulating ; soil, gravelly loam, adapt- 
ed to grass and grain. Drained by Cattaraugus 
cr., and tributaries of Alleghany r. It has 1 
grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac $1,600. 6 
sch. 252 scholars. Pop. 942. 

Mansfield, p-t., Warren co., N. J., 48 n. n. 
w. Trenton, 207 W. The surface is mountainous ; 
soil, calcareous loam, and fertile. Drained by 
Musconetcong and Pohalcong creeks. It con- 
tains a chalybeate spring, and iron ore is found. 
The Morris canal winds through the t., between 
its hills. It has 8 stores, cap. $33,400 ; 1 tanne- 
ry, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$66,950. 12 sch. 1,027 scholars. Pop. 3,057. 

Mansfield, t., Burlington co., N. J., 7 n. 
Mount Holly. The surface is level ; soil, sand, 
loam, and clay, well cultivated and productive. 
Drained by Black's, Craft's, and Assiscunk 
creeks, which flow into Delaware r. Along the 
r. is a clay, which makes excellent fire bricks. 
It contains several villages. It has 5 stores, cap. 
$13,100; 1 fulling m., 2 distilleries, 1 pottery, 1 
grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $122,500. 

1 acad., 12 sch. 144 scholars. Pop. 2,401. 
Mansfield, po., Tioga co., Pa., 143 n. by w. 

Harrisburg, 253 W. 

Mansfield, p-v., and capital of Richland co., 
O., 63 n. n. e. Columbus, 378 W. It is pleasantly 
situated on elevated ground, and contains a court 
house, jail, a market house, 6 churches, 17 stores, 

2 printing ofllices, 300 dwellings, and 1,328 in- 
habitants. 

Mansfield, p-o., Louisa co., Va., 61 N. \v. 
Richmond, 104 W. 

Mansfield Centre, p o., Mansfield t., Tol- 
land CO., Ct, 29 E. Hartford, 363 W. 

Mansker's Creek, p-o., Davidson co., Tcnn., 
13 Nashville, 692 W. 

Mansura, Avoyelles parish. La., 249 n. w. N. 
Orlean.s, 1,206 W. 

Mantua, p-t., Portage co., O., 150 n. e. Colum- 
bus, 327 W. Watereil by Cuyahoga r. and its 
branches. It is a good agricultural t., and is 
distinguished for its line orchards. It contains a 
church and an academy, 10 sch. 463 scholars. 
Pop. 1,187. 

Mantua, p-v., McMinn co., Tenn., 164 E. s. E. 
Nashville, 564 W. 

Manwaring's, p-o., Shelby co., la., 23 s. E. 
Indianapohs, 573 W. 

Maple, p-t., Ionia co., Mich., 129 w. n. w. 
Detroit, 623 W. It has a good soil, adapted to 
grain. 

Maple Grove, p-o., Buttemutts t., Otsego co., 
N. Y., 90 w. Albany, 340 W. 

Maplesville. p-v., Bibb co., Ala., 62 s. E. 
Tuscaloosa, 809 W. 



MAR 



380 



MAR 



Mapleton, p-v., Abbeville dist., S. C, 110 w. 
Columbia, 553 W. 

Mapleton, p-v., Stark co., O., 132 n. e. Co- 
lumbus, 308 W. 

Maquon, p-o., Knox co., 111., 89 n. n. w. 
Springfield, 819 W. 

Maramec, r., Mo., rises in Crawford and 
Washington counties, and flowing n. e. through 
Franklin co., it curves to the E. and s. E., and 
enters the Mississippi r. 20 ms. below St. Louis. 

Maramec Iron Works, p-o., Crawford co., 
Mo., 63 s. w. by w. Jefferson City, 935 W. It 
is situated at the " Big Spring" of Maramec r. 
The spring issues 30,0'vK) cubic feet of water per 
minute ; and there is now erected at this spring a 
saw m., a grist m., with 2 run of stone, a blast 
furnace and 3 forges, capable of manufacturing 
1,000 tons of bar iron per year. This spring has 
been called the head of the river, but there are 
two small branches coming in on each side of it, 
called the Water Fork and the Dry Fork. 

Marathon, p-t., Cortland co., N. Y., 141 w. 
Albany, 318 W. The surface is undulating; 
soil, sandy loam. Drained by Toughnioga r. 
and its tributaries. It has 2 stores, cap. $1,300 ; 
1 tannery, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $7,350. 7 sch. 359 scholars. Pop. 1,063. 

Marathon, t., Lapeer co., Mich. It has 1 
grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,000. 
Pop. 92. 

Marblehead, p-t., and port of entry, Essex 
CO., Mass., 18 n. e. Boston, 453 W. Situated on 
a rocky point, projecting 3 or 4 ms. into Massa- 
chusetts bay. It has a good harbor, easy of 
access, and is inhabited chiefly ly fishermen. 
It has about 100 vessels employed in the fisheries, 
coasting and foreign trade. It contains 5 churches 
— 1 Congregational, 1 Unitarian, 1 Episcopal, 1 
Methodist, and 1 Baptist — 2 banks, with an aggre- 
gate capital of !iS220,000 ; 2 insurance companies, 
with a capital of $100,000. The t. has 29,stores, 
cap. $46,600. Cap. in manufac. $73,850. 2 acad. 
126 students, 20 sch. 886 scholars. Pop. 5,575. 
Tonnage of the dist., 12,478. 

Marule Hill, p-o.. Prince Edmond CO., Va., 
85 w. s. w. Richmond, 175 W. 

Marble, t., Hot Springs co.. Ark. It lias 1 
store, cap. $500 ; 1 grist m., 1 sch. 18 scholars. 
Pop. 167. 

Marbletown, p-t., Ulster co., N. Y., 7 s. w. 
Kingston, 64 s. s. w. Albany, 318 W. The sur- 
face is hilly ; soil, a fertile loam. Drained by 
Esopus and Rondout creeks, which afford water 
power. Shawangunk mountain lies on its s. bor- 
der. The Delaware and Hudson canal passes 
through it. It has 15 stores, cap. $23,400 ; 7 lum- 
ber yards, cap. $3,200 ; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen 
fac, 7 tanneries, 1 flouring m., 6 grist m., 10 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $33,460. 13 sch. 687 scho- 
lars. Pop. 3,S13. 

Marburyville, p-v., St. Tammany par.. La., 
70 N. N. w. New Orleans, 1,172 W. 

Marcellus, p-t., t)nondaga co., N. Y., 141 w. 
by s. Albany, 343 W. The surface is hilly ; 
soil, a fertile loam. Drained by Nine Mile cr. 
The V. 'is situated on Nine Mile cr., and contains 
3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, and 1 
Methodist — 5 stores, 1 woollen fac, 2 paper m., 
1 flouring m., 1 saw m., 100 dwellings, and about 
600 inhabitants. There are in the t., 7 stores, 
cap. $34,200 ; 4 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 5 tan- 
neries, 2 distilleries, 2 paper fac, 2 flouring m., 2 
grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $118,570. 
12 sch. 571 scholars. Pop. 2,726. 

Marcellus Falls, p-v., Marcellus t., Onon- 
daga CO., N. Y., 143 w. by s. Albany, 345 W. 
Situated on Nine Mile cr., 1 mile below the v. 



of Marcellus. It contains 1 store, 1 woollen foe, 
1 flouring m., 1 saw m., 1 clock fac, and 25 or 30 
dwellings. 

Marcus, p-o., Robertson co., Tenn., 45 n. w. 
Nashville, 719 W. 

Marcus Hook, p-v., Lower Chichester t., Del- 
aware CO., Pa., 20 s. Philadelphia, 94 e. s. e. Har- 
risburg, 1 19 W. Situated on the Delaware r., 
and contains 1 Baptist and 1 Episcopal church, 3 
stores, and about 33 dwellings. 

Marcy, p-t., Oneida eo., N. Y., 6 n. Utica, 98 
w. N. w. Albany, 394 W. The surface is hilly ; 
soil, clay and sandy loam. Drained by Nine 
Mile cr., flowing into the Mohawk river, which 
bounds it on the s. It has 1 fulling m., 3 tanne- 
ries, 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $23,950. 9 sch. 
674 scholars. Pop. 1,799. 

Mardisville, p-v., Talladega co., Ala., Ill e. 
Tuscaloosa, 762 W. Situated on the s. side of 
Talladega cr. It contains a U. S. land office, sev- 
eral stores and dwellings. 

Marengo, county, Ala. Situated in the w. 
pari of the state, and contains 975 sq. ms. Tom- 
higbee r. runs on its w. border, and Black War- 
rior on its N. vv. border. The .soil is sterile, cov- 
ered with pine. Capital, Linden. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 15,126, sheep 2,175^ swine 
36,819 ; wheat 2,785 bush, produced, rye 1,021, 
Ind. corn 649,734, oats 22,933, potatoes 36,906, 
rice 3,815 pounds, tobacco 1,146, cotton 6,35S,028 ; 
31 stores, cap. $13;J,510 ; 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 
1 flouring m., 18 grist m., 7 saw m., 1 printing of- 
fice, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. 
$28,525. 3 acad. 131 students, 9 sch. 201 schol- 
ars. Pop. whites 5,350, slaves 11,902, free col'd 
12 ; total, 17,264. 

Marengo, p-o., Galen t., Wayne co., N. Y., 
179 w. by N. Albany, 335 W. 

Marengo, p-t., Calhoun co., Mich., 100 w by 
s. Detroit, 572 W. It has a fertile soil, adapted 
to grain. It contains 1 store, cap. $3,000 ; 1 dis- 
tillery, 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $38,500. 10 sch. 307 scholars. Pop. 872. 

Marengo, p-v., McHenry co.. 111., 226 n. n. e. 
Springfield, 778 W. Situated on the s. side of 
the Kishawaukee r. 

Margallaway, r., N. H., rises in the High- 
lands which separate Maine from Canada, and 
after a short course enters Maine ; and from 
thence, after flowing a distance of about 40 ms., 
returns into N. H., and enters the Androscoggin 
r. a few miles below Umbagog lake. 

Margaretta, pt., Erie co., O., 100 n. w.by n. 
Columbus, 414 W. It has 4 stores, cap. $23,000 ; 
1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 2 saw m. ( 'ap. in man- 
ufac. $51,800. 1 sch. 30 scholars. Pop. 1,101. 

Margaretta, po., Clark co., 111., 112 e. s. E. 
Springfield, 672 W. 

Margaretta Furnace, p-o., York co.. Pa., 
36 s. E. Harrisburg, 104 W. 

Margarettsville, p-v., Northampton co., N. 
C, 150 N. E. by E. Raleigh, 219 W. Situated on 
the Portsmouth and Roanoke railroad. 

Marge Grove, po., Wayne co., 111., 140 s. E. 
Springfield, 752 W. 

Maria Creek, p-o., Knox co., la., Ill s. w. 
Indianapolis, 678 W. 

Mabianna, p-v., capital of Jackson co., Flor., 
77 w. N. w. Tallahassee, 927 W. Situated on 
the w. side of Chipola r. It contains a court 
house and several stores and dwellings. 

Mariaville, p-t., Hancock CO., Me., 103 n. e. 
Augusta, 685 W. Watered by Union r. and its 
branches, which afford extensive water power. 
Incorporated in 1836. It has 1 tannery, 1 grist 
ra., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $500. 2 sch. 86 
scholars. Pop. 275. 



MAR 



381 



MAR 



Mariaville, p-0., Duanesburgh t., Schenec- 
tady CO., N. Y. 

Maries, t.. Gasconade co., Mo. Pop. 359. 

Marietta, p-o., Marcellus t., Onondaga co., 
N. Y., 1 15 w. by n. Albany, 333 W. 

Marietta, pb., East Donnegal t., Lancaster 
CO., Pa., 27 s. E. Harrisburg. Situated on the n. 
E. bank of Susquehanna r., above the mouth of 
Little Chiques cr. It contains a church, several 
stores, 150 dwellings, and about 900 inhabitants. 

Marietta, p-t., capital of Washington co., O., 
104 E. s. E. Columbus, 300 W. Situated on Ijoth 
sides of Muskingum r., at its entrance into the 
Ohio r. It is regularly laid out with wide streets, 
and compactly and neatly built. It has a court 
house, jail, a U. S. land office, 4 churches, a bank- 
ing house, a market house, library, female acad- 
emy, a lyceuni, and the Marietta Collegiate In- 
stitute. The court house, bank, and collegiate 
institute are handsome specimens of architecture, 
and ornamental to the place. The collegiate in- 
stitute was founded in 1832, has a president, and 
7 professors or other instructors, 50 students, and 
3,500 vols, in its libraries. The commencement 
is on the last Wednesday in July. The place 
contains 17 stores, 2 steam saw m., 1 slearn ilour- 
ing m., 2 carding machines, 4 tanneries, an iron 
foundry, a rope walk, 200 dwellings, and about 
1,300 inhabitants. It is the oldest town in the 
state, having been founded in 1788. It was nam- 
ed in honor of Marie Antoinette, the beautiful and 
unfortunate queen of France. Many curious an- 
cient mounds are found in the vicinity. Tlie v. 
contains 1 college, 100 students, 1 acad. 53 stu- 
dents, 3 sch. 28'J scholars. Pop. 1,814. The t., 
in addition, has 6 sch. 236 scholars. Pop. 875. 

Marietta, p-o., Fulton co., 111. 

Marietta, p-v., capital of Cobb co., Ga., 113 
N. w. Milledgeville, 676 W. Situated 3 ms. w. 
of Chattahoochee r., and contains a court hou.-;e, 
jail, 3 churches, 2 academies, and about 30 dwell- 
ings. 

Marine Settlement, p-o., Madison co., HI., 
90 s. Springfield, 784 W. Situated between the 
E. and \v. forks of Silver cr. The settlement is 
spread over a rich and beautiful prairie. 

Marion, district, S. C. Situated in the E. part 
of the state, and contains 1,200 sq. ms. The sur- 
face is level, and much of it marshy. Drained 
by Great and Little Pedee rivers and their branch- 
es. Capital, Marion C. H. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 21,909, sheep 8,352, swine 39,837; 
wheat 4,033 bush, produced, rye 1,353, Ind. corn 
377,041, oats 16,416, potatoes 61,530, rice 67,945 
pounds, tobacco 1,852, cotton 603,496; 12 stores, 
cap. $48,450 ; 3 distilleries, 6 llouring m., 21 grist 
m., 20 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $53,960. 2 acad. 
71 students, 11 sch. 238 scholars. Pop. whites 
8,593, slaves 5,251, free coFd 88; total, 13,932. 

Marion, county, Ga. Situated toward the s. 
w. part of the state, and contains 330 sq. miles. 
Flint river r(ms on its e. border, by branches of 
which it is drained. Capital, Tazewell. There 
were in 1810, neat cattle 4,545, sheep 1,816, swine 
8,895 ; wheat 3,634 bu.sh. produced, Indian corn 
1 10,742, oats 2,624, potatoes 8, 107, cotton 3,258,232 
pounds ; 4 grist ra., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$9,550. 1 acad. 32 students, 4 sch. 105 scholars. 
Pop. whites 3,741, slaves 1,070, free col'd 1; to- 
tal, 4,812. 

Marion, county, Ala. Situated toward the n. 
w. part of the state, and contains 1,144 sq. ms. 
Drained by Bear cr., a branch of Tennessee r., 
and Bultahatchie r. and its branches, a tributary 
of Tombigbee river. Capital, Pikeville. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 12,266, sheep 4,315, 
swine 13,009 ; wheat 17,467 bush, produced, rye 



2,120, Ind. corn 113,490, oats 4,325, potatoes 4,153, 
tobacco 1,100 pounds, cotton 118,064; 8 stores, 
cap. $5,200; 2 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 8 grist m., 
4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,500. Pop. whites 
5,094, slaves 753 ; total, 5,847. 

31arion, county. Miss. Situated in the s. part 
of the state, and contains 1,476 sq. ms. Drained 
by Pearl r.. Leaf r., and Black cr., the two last 
flowing into Pascagoula r. Soil, on the margins 
of the streams, fertile. Capital, Columbia. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 16,785, sheep 2,16 1, swine 
17,450 ; I. corn 102,006, bush, prod., oats 4,965. po- 
tatoes 32,685, rice 68,320 pounds, cotton 783,607 ; 
7 stores, cap. 50,966 ; 2 tanneries, 20 grist m., 12 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,300. 1 school, 20 
scholars. Pop. whites 2,121, slaves 1,709 ; total, 
3,830. 

Marion, county^ Tenn. Situated toward the 
s. e. part of the slate, and contains 600 sq. res. 
Drained by Sequatchie r. and its branches. Cap- 
ital, Jasper. There were in 1810, neat cattle 
13,051, sheep 8,673, swine, 46,800; wheat 77,763 
bush, produced, rye 3,580, Ind. corn 717,617, oats 
162,014, potatoes 13,073, tobacco 16,016 pounds, 
cotton 36,294, sugar 1,250; 31 stores, capital 
$128,896 ; 19 tanneries, 54 distilleries, 1 pottery, 
2 flouring m., 60 grist m. 20 saw m., 1 printing 
office, 1 bindery. Cap. in manufac. $36,371. 1 
acad. 7 students, 19 sch. 700 scholars. Pop. 
whites 5,658, slaves 390, free col'd 22; total, 
6,070. 

Marion, county, Ky. Situated near the centre 
of the state, and contains 276 sq. ms. Drained 
by the Rolling fork of Salt r. and its branches. 
Capital, Lebanon. There were in 1840, neat cat- 
tle 8,963, sheep 13,728, swine 31,419; wheat 
46,352 bushels produced, rye 16,081, Indian corn 
398,0.35, oats 108,167, potatoes 11,561, tobacco 
165,926 pounds, sugar 42,952 ; 16 stores, capital 
$108,800 ; 3 woollen fac, 6 tanneries, 20 distille- 
ries, i7 grist m., 11 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $4il,850. 1 college, 247 students, 3 acad. 
2S2 students, 12 sch. 359 scholars. Pop. whites 
8,340, slaves 2,612, free col'd 80 ; total, 11,032. 

Marion, county, O. Situated a little n. of the 
middle of the state, and contains 530 sq. miles. 
The surface is mostly an open plain, or table 
land ; soil, chiefly very fertile. Watered by Sci- 
oto, Little Scioto, and Whetstone or Olentangy 
rivers. Organized in 1824. Cattle and hogs are 
tiie chief articles of export. Capital, Marion. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 16,691, sheep 
19,641, swine 22,637 ; wheat 147,158 bush, pro- 
duced, rye 18,476, Ind. corn 325,410, buckwheat 
9,488, oats 158,160, potatoes 77,912, sugar 30,050 
pounds ; 28 stores, cap. $62,150 ; 10 tanneries, 5 
distilleries, 1 pottery, 2 flouring m., 15 grist m., 
23 saw m., 1 oil m., 1 printing oflice, 1 weekly 
and 1 semi-weekly newspapers. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $26,955. 78 schools, 3,155 scholars. Pop. 
14,765. 

Marion, county, la. Situated in the centre 
of the state, and contains 4tH) sq. ms. Drained 
by the w. fork of White r.. Fall cr. and Eagle cr. 
The surfece is level ; soil, very fertile. Capital, 
Indianapohs. There were in 18 !0, neat cattle 
15,466, sheep 15,298, swine 38,463 ; wheat 78,649 
hush, produced, rye 2,269, Ind. corn 604,966, 
buckwheat 1,068, barley 1,190, oats 148,790, po- 
tatoes 32,432, tobacco 15,905 pounds, sugar 
97,064 ; 94 stores, cap. $202,630; 1 fulling m., 2 
woollen fac., 3 cotton fac. 1,500 sp., 13 tanneries, 
11 distilleries, 3 breweries, 4 potteries, 2 flouring 
m., 26 grist m., 57 saw m., 4 oil m., 6 printuig 
offices, 4 weekly and 2 semi-weekly newspapers. 
Cap. in manufac. $141,874. 1 acad. 75 students, 
56 sch. 1,595 scholars. Pop. 16,080. 



MAR 



SS2 



MAR 



Marion, county, 111. Situated s. of the centre 
of the state, and contains 576 sq. ms. Organ- 
ized in 1823. Drained by Kaskaskia r. and its 
branches, and by Sldllet fork of Little Wabash r. 
About one third of it is timber, and the rest prai- 
rie. Capital, Salem. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 7,589, sheep 4,785, swine 17,846; wheat 
10,697 bush, produced, Ind. corn 293,321, oats 
42,115, potatoes 5,795, tobacco 6,600 pounds; 5 
stores, cap. $6,300 ; 2 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 
1 distillery, 16 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $3,150. 17 sch. 417 scholars. Pop. 4,742. 

Marion, county, Mo. Situated in the n. e. 
partof the state, and contains 425 sq. ms. Drain- 
ed by South Fabius and North rivers, which 
flow into the Mississippi r., that runs on its e. 
border. The surface undulating ; soil, very fer- 
tile. Capital, Palmyra. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 10,272, sheep 10,104, swine 32,857; 
wheat 33,678 bush, produced, Ind. corn 533,785, 
buckwheat 2,447, oats 84,535, potatoes 29,654, 
tobacco 33,938 pounds, sugar 10,872 ; 38 stores, 
cap. $214,760 ; 7 tanneries, 4 distilleries, 4 flour- 
ing m., 11 grist m., 19 saw m., 3 printing offices, 
3 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $139,460. 

1 college 49 students, 24 sch. 648 scholars. Pop. 
whites 7,239, slaves 2,342, free col'd 42 : total, 
9,623. 

Marion, county. Ark. Situated in the n. part 
of the state, and contains 800 .sq. ms. Drained 
by White r., which is navigable to the N. part of 
the CO. for steamboats, and by its branches. 
Capital, Yellville. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 3,217, sheep 760, swine 5,430; wheat 3,097 
bush, produced, Ind. corn 79,013, oats 1,951, po- 
tatoes 1,601, tobacco 6,127 pounds, cotton 3,253 ; 

2 stores, cap. $1,600; 1 tannery, 3 distilleries, 4 
grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,505. 
Pop. whites 1,221, slaves 39, free col'd 65 ; total, 
1,325. 

Marion, t., Greene co.. Pa. It has 12 stores, 
cap. $37,710; 2 tanneries, 2 printing offices, 1 
weekly newspaper. Cap. in manulac. $3,250. 

2 sch. 61 scholars. Pop. 597. 

Marion, p-t., Washington co.. Me., 170 e. n. 
E. Augusta, 756 W. Incorporated in 1834. It 
has on its w. border a large pond, which has its 
outlet into East Machias r. It has 2 saw m., 2 
sch. 110 scholars. Pop. 231. 

Marion, pt., Wayne co., N. Y., 201 w. by n. 
Albany, 353 W. The surface is hilly and broken ; 
soil, adapted to grain. Drained by a branch of 
Mud cr. The v. contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 
Baptist clnirch, 3 stores, 1 steam furnace and 
machine shop, 1 grist ra., 1 tannery, 40 dwellings, 
and about 250 inhabitants. There are in the t. 

3 stores, cap. $9,500; 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 3 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $20,245. 1 acad. 32 
students, 12 sch. 352 scholars. Pop. 1,903. 

Marion, p-o., Franklin co.. Pa., 51 w. s. w. 
Harrisburg, 84 W. 

Marion, t.. Centre co.. Pa. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $8,000; 2 grist m., 2 saw m., 5 sch. 110 
scholars. Pop. 559. 

Marion, p-t., capital of Marion co., O., 44 n. 
Columbus, 416 W. The v. contains an elegant 
brick court house, a jail, 1 Presbyterian, and a 
Methodist church, 12 stores, a printing office, 
which issues a weekly newspaper, 125 dwell- 
ings, and about 700 inhabitants. There are in 
the t. 13 stores, cap. $35,000 ; 2 tanneries, 1 dis- 
tillery, 1 flouring m., 3 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $4,060. 8 sch. 320 scholars. Pop. 
1,639. 

Marion, t., Athens co., O. Situated on the 
waters of Federal and Wolf creeks. It has 3 
stores, cap. $1,500 ; 6 sch. 128 schol's. Pop. 1,079. 



Marion, t., Allen co., O. Pop. 315. 

Marion, t., Clinton co., O. It has 3 stores, 
cap. $6,200 ; 1 tannery. Cap. in manufac. $243. 
5 sch. 307 scholars. Pop. 643. 

Marion, t., Fayette co., O. It has 1 tannery. 
Cap. in manufac. $500. 4 sch. 100 scholars. 
Pop. 879. 

Marion, t., Hancock co., O. It has 1 store, 
cap. $900 ; 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $1,200. 5 sch. 184 scholars. Pop. 501. 

Marion, t., Hardin co., O. It has 3 sch. 108 
scholars. Pop. 177. 

Marion, t., Hocking co., O. Pop. 940. 

Marion, t., Putnam co., la. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $1,600; 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 1 grist m., 2 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,253. 5 sch. 451 
scholars. Pop. 1,030. 

Marion, t., Shelby co., la. It has 4 stores, 
cap. $2,500 ; 1 tannery, 1 flouring m., 2 grist m., 
3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,402. Pop. 964. 

Marion, p-t., Livingston co., Mich., 56 w. n. 
w. Detroit, 559 W. It has 4 sch. 84 scholars. 
Pop. 602. 

Marion, p-v., Scott co., Ky., 22 n. e. Frank- 
fort, 530 W. 

Marion, p-v., capital of Smyth co., Va., 275 
w. by s. Richmond, 343 W. Situated on the 
Middle fork of Holston r. It has a court house, 
jail, and several dwellings. 

Marion, p-v., Montgomery co., N. C, 112 w 
s. w. Raleigh, 386 W. 

Marion, p-v., capital of Twiggs co., Ga., 41 s. 
s. w. Milledgeville, 689 W. It contains a court 
house, jail, and several dwellings. 

Marion, p-v., capital of Grant co., la., 73 n. N. 
E. Indianapolis. Situated on Missisinewa r. 
about 25 ms. above its junction with Wabash r. 
It contains a court house, store, and several 
dwellings. 

Marion, p-v., capital of WilUamson co., 111., 
172 s. s. E. Springfield, 823 W. It contains a 
court house and several dwellings. 

Marion, p-v., capital of Perry co., Ala., 53 s. 
Tuscaloosa, 834 W. It contains 3 churches, 2 
female academies, one male lyceum, with a pre- 
paratory school, 3 printing offices, issuing news- 
papers, and about 1,000 inhabitants. 

Marion, p-v., capital of Lauderdale co.. Miss., 
110 E. Jackson, 921 W. Situated on the head 
waters of Oktibbeha cr., and contains a court 
house and several dwellings. 

Marion, p-v.. Cole co.. Mo., 15 n. w. .TefTer- 
son City, 951 W. Situated on the s. bunk of the 
Missouri, 15 ms. above Jeflferson City, on a bold 
rocky shore. It was formerly the capital of the 
CO., now removed to JefTerson City. It has con- 
siderable trade, and is increasing. It contains 1 
sch. 15 scholars. Pop. 807. 

Marion, t., Buchanan co.. Mo. It has 1 sch. 
31 scholars. Pop. 737. 

Marion, p-v., capital of Linn co., Iowa. Situ- 
ated 4 ms. E. of Cedar r. It contains 3 stores, a 
saw m., and several neat dwellings, and is im- 
proving. 

Marion, p-v., capital of Crittenden co., Ark., 
140 E. N. E. Little Rock, 925 W. Situated 6 ms. 
w. of the Mississippi r. 

Marion, t.. White co., Ark. It has 1 store, 
cap. $6,000 ; 1 grist m. 

Marion, t., Newton co.. Mo. It has 1 sch. 14 
scholars. Pop. 658. 

Marion, t., Livingston co.. Mo. It has 1 sch. 
18 scholars. Pop. 240. 

Marion, p-v., Jefferson co., Flor. 

Marion, t., Polk co., Mo. Pop. 865. 

Marion, t., Monroe co.. Mo. It has 1 sch. 24 
scholars. Pop. 1,686. 



MAR 



383 



MAR 



MariOxN, t., Ray co., Mo. It has 2 sch. 40 
scholars. Pop. 902. 

Mario.v, t., St. Francis co., Mo. It has 1 sch. 
25 scholars. Pop. 582. 

Marion, t., Saline co., Mo. It has 1 sch. 10 
scholars. Pop. 763. 

Marion, t., Taney co.. Mo. Pop. 335. 

Marion City, p-v., Marion co., Mo. Situated 
on the w. bank of Mississippi r., and may be re- 
garded as the port of Palmyra, the capital of the 
CO. It has a good location, and extends along 
the Mis.sissippi for a mile and a half. It contains 
2 large steam saw mills and 3 other steam mills, 
60 or 70 dwellings, and from 3 to 400 inhabitants. 
Most of the mercliandise of the co. is landed liere. 

Marion College, p-v., Marion co.. Mo., 134 
N. N w. Jefferson City, 938 W. Situated 12 ms. 
w. of Palmyra, the capital of the co. Marion 
(College was founded in 1831, and is a manual 
labor institution, for which 5,000 acres of the best 
of land have been purchased. Improvements 
have been made on the land to the amount of 
$70,000. The president, professors, and stu- 
dents, are all supported by the products of the 
soil. Including a preparatory department, it has 
a president, 6 professors or other instructors, 1 16 
students, 43 in the college proper, and 2,300 vols, 
in it.s libraries. The commencement is on the 
last Thursday in September. It has a theologi- 
cal department. 

Marion, C. H., p-v., capital of Marion dist., 
S. C, 146 E. Columbia, 423 VV. Situated on the 
K. side of Catfish cr., a branch of the Great Pe- 
des r., and contains a court house, jail, several 
stores and dwellings. 

Marits, p-o., Marion co., O., 47 n. Columbus, 
406 W. 

MARKSliOROUGH, p-V., SuSSBX CO., N. J., 73 N. 

Trenton, 230 W. 

Marksville, p-v., Page co., Va., 120 n. w. 
Richmond, 106 W. 

Marksville, p-v., capital of Avoyelles parish, 
La., 255 N. w. by w. New Orleans, 1,218 W. It 
contains a court house and several dwellings. 

Marlborough, dist., S. C. Situated in the n. 
E. part of the state, and contauis 4S0 sq. miles. 
Yadkin r. runs on its w. border, by branches of 
which it is drained. Capital, Benncitsville. There 
were in 1810, neat cattle 9,374, sheep 2,893, 
swine, 15,915; wheat 9,276 bushels produced, 
rye 1,417, Ind. corn 275,999, oats 22,161, potatoes 
29,517, cotton 2,446,088 pounds; 17 stores, cap. 
$99,600 ; 1 cotton fac.2,000 sp.,6 flouring m.,21 grist 
m., 20 saw m. Cap. in manufac. !i^l35,35iJ. 3 
acad. 104 students, 12 sch. 22J scholars. Pop. 
whites 4,188, slaves 4,118, free col'd 102; total, 
8,408. 

Marlborough, p-t., Cheshire co., N. H., 53 s. 
w. Concord, 439 W. The surface is rough ; soil, 
adapted to grazing. Drained by branches of 
Ashuelot river. Incorporated in 1776. It has 1 
store, cap. $4,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 5 saw 
m. Cap. m manufac. .^;16,000. 6 sch. 301 schol- 
ars. Pop. 831. 

Marlborough, p-t., Windham co., Vt., 130 s. 
Montpelier, 431 W. The surface is uneven, and 
the soil ferlile. Drained by the w. branch of 
West r., by Green r., and Whetstone brook. The 
outlet of South pond forms the only permanent 
mill stream. Chartered in 1761. The t. has a 
Congregational and a liapiist church, some valu- 
able minerals and mineral springs. There are 
in the t. 1 store, cap. $2,0: lO ; i tannery, 1 paper 
fac, 2 grist ra., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$20,900. 13 sch. 377 scholars. Pop. 1,027. 

Marlborough, p-t., Middlesex co., Mass., 27 
w. Boston, 414 W. The surface is midulating; 



soil, very iertile. Drained by a branch of Con. 
cord river, which aflTords water power. It con. 
tains 4 churches — 1 Congregationalist, 1 Metho- 
dist, 1 Universalist, 1 Restorationist ; 6 stores, 
cap. $15,900 ; 2 tanneries, 5 grist m., 5 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $18,400. 1 acad. 75 students, 
10 sch. 750 scholars. Pop. 2,101. 

Marlborough, p-t., Hartford co., Ct., 16 s. e. 
Hartford, 340 W. The surface is uneven and 
rough; soil, adapted to grazing. Chartered iu 
1803. It contains a Congregational church. 
Black lead is found. It has 2 stores, cap. $5,000 ; 
1 cotton fac. 1,200 sp., 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 4 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $48,400. 5 sch. 135 
scholars. Pop. 713. 

Marlborough, p-t., Ulster co^ N. Y., 20 s. 
Kingston, 84 s. s. w. Albany, 294 W. The sur- 
face is hilly ; soil, clay loam. Bounded by Hud- 
son river on the e., into which flows Old Man's 
Kill. The v. is situated on the latter, half a mile 
from the r. It contains 3 churches — 1 Presby- 
terian, 1 3Iethodist, 1 Friends — 3 stores, 2 paper 
m., 2 woollen fac, 1 clothier's works, 2 grist m., 
1 saw m., 60 dwellings, and about 400 inhabit- 
ants. There are in the t. 8 stores, cap. $42,000 ; 
3 lumber yards, cap. $3,000 ; 2 woollen fac, 1 
paper fac. Cap. in manufac. $32,150. 7 sch. 51 
scholars. Pop. 2,523. 

Marlborough, p-o., Monmouth co., N. J., 40 
E. Trenton, 206 W. 

Marlborough, t., Montgomery co.. Pa. The 
surface is rolling; soil, red shale. Drained by 
Perkiomen and Swamp creeks. Iron ore is 
found. It has 5 stores, cap. $10,600 ; 1 furnace, 
1 forge, 1 woollen fac, 10 powder m., 1 printing 
office, 1 weekly newspaper, 4 grist m., 3 saw m., 
8 oil m. Capital in manufac. $33,780. Pop 
1,140. 

Marlborough, p-t.. Stark co., O., 135 n. e. 
Columbus, 312 W. The surface is rolling ; soil, 
fertile, with a natural growth of beech and sugar 
maple. The v. contains a church, 2 stores, 
various mechanics, about 25 dwellings, and 150 
inhabitants. Pop oft. 1,671. 

Marlborough, t., Delaware co., O. It con- 
tains the villages of Norton and Waldo. It has 
5 sch. 150 scholars. Pop. 1,182; 

Marlborough, p-v., Morgan co., Ga., 54 n. w. 
Milledgeville, 63S W. 

Marlow, t., Chesliire co., N. H. Drained by 
Ashueloi river and its branches. It has 4 stores, 
cap. ,$5,400 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 4 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. ,$10,850. 1 acad. 12 
students, 6 sch. 189 scholars. Pop. 626. 

Marley's Mills, p-o., Randolph co., N. C, 
56 w. Raleigh, 344 W. 

Marmion, p-o., Lauderdale Co., Ala., 138 n. 
Tuscaloosa, 763 W. 

Mariotsville, p-v., Anne Arimdel co., Md., 
53 N. w. Annapolis, 5S W. 

M.vrple, t., Delaware co.. Pa. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $8,500 ; 3 tanneries, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $14,200. Pop. 759. 

Marrowbone, p-o., Cumberland co., Ky., 133 
s. by w. Frankfort, 646 W. 

Maruuette, county. Wis. Situated in the 
N. part of the settled portion of the ter., and con- 
tains 370 sq. ms. Neenah or Fox r. bounds it on 
the N. w. and w., by branches of which it is 
drained. Fox r. rmis through Puckaway lake on 
its N. w. border. Capital, Marquette. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 45, swine 20. Pop. 18. 

Marquette, v., capital of Marquette co.. Wis. 
Situated on the s. side of Neenah r. 

Mars, p-o., Bibb co., Ala., 24 s. e. Tuscaloosa, 
820 W. 

Mars, t., Posey co., la. Pop. 731. 



MAR 



384 



MAR 



Mars' Bluff, p-o., Marion dist., S. C, 122 e. 
Columbia, 466 W. 

Marseilles, p-v., Noble co., la., 164 n. n. e. 
Indianapolis, 576 W. 

Marseilles, p-v., La Salle co.. 111., 141 n. n. 
E. Springfield, 776 W. Situated on the n. side 
of Illinois r., at the Grand Rapids, wliich afford an 
immense water power. It has several mills, and 
produces extensively lumber and flour. Tlie 
Wabash and Erie canal passes through it. 

Marsh, p-o., Chester co., Pa., 61 e. by s. Har- 
risburg, 139 W. 

Marshall, county, Va. Situated hi the n. 
part of the state, and contains 350 sq. ms. The 
surface is liilly ; .'oil, fertile, adapted to grain and 
grazing. Drained by Grave cr. and other small 
streams tliat flow into the Ohio r., which runs on 
its w. border. It contams many remains of an- 
cient fortifications. Capital, Elizabethtown. 
There were in 1S40, neat cattle 4,640, sheep 
7,173, swine 9,091; wheat- 82,829 bushels pro- 
duced, rye 2,036, Indian com 145,822, buckwheat 
3,590, oats 103,195, potatoes 29,672, sugar 3,820 
pounds; 6 stores, cap. $19,450; 2 tanneries, 16 
grist m., 6 .saw m. Cap. in manufoc. $12,635. 3 
sch. 70 scholars. Pop. whites 6,854, slaves 46, 
free col'd 37 ; total, 6,937. 

Marshall, county, Tenn. Situated s. of the 
centre of the state, and contains 200 square miles. 
Drained by Duck r. and its branches. Surface, 
undulating; soil, fertile. Capital, Lewisburg. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 14,263, sheep 
16,604, swine 67,73'J ; wheat 89,923 bush, prod., 
rye 3,405, Ind. com 1,019,863, oats 121,561, pota- 
toes 16,071, tobacco 119,165 lbs., cotton 489,831 ; 

17 stores, cap. $61,487; 9 tanneries, 28 distille- 
ries. Cap. in manufac. $21,237. 21 sch. 743 
scholars. Pop. whites 11,468, slaves 3,075, free 
col'd 12; total, 14,555. 

Marshall, county, Ala. Situated toward the 
N. e. part of the state, and contains 600 sq. miles. 
Tennessee r. passes through it on the n., by 
small branches of which it is drained. Capital, 
Warrenton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
9,417, sheep 2,403, swine 26,329 ; wheat 8,996 
busliels produced, Indian corn 382,680, oats 
23,344, potatoes 16,058, tobacco 17,918 pounds, 
cotton 4,385,967 ; 13 stores, cap. $66,600 ; 5 tan- 
neries, 15 distilleries, 13 grist m., 16 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. .$10,660. 16 sch. 436 scholars. 
Pop. whites 6,688, slaves 841, free col'd 24; 
total, 7,553. 

Marshall, county. Miss. Situated in the n. 
part of the s'ate, and contains 800 square miles. 
Drained by head branches of Tallahatchee and 
Coldwater rivers. Surface, undulating ; soil, 
fertile. Capital, Holly Springs. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 14,621, sheep 6,044, swine 
51,276; wheat 19,113 bushels produced, Indian 
corn 733,514, oats 32,540, potatoes 50,559, tobacco 
9,336 pounds, cotton 1,064,425 ; 26 stores, cap. 
$161,000 ; 4 tanneries, 2 flouring m., 19 grist m., 

18 saw m., 2 printing ofRces, 2 weekly newspa- 
pers. Cap. in manufac. $76,480. 9 acad. 292 
.students, 26 sch. 583 scholars. Pop. whites 
9,25S, slaves 9,258, free col'd 8 ; total, 17.526. 

Marshall, county, la. Situated toward the 
N. part of the state, and contains 440 sq. miles. 
Drained by Yellow and Tippecanoe rivers. 
Capital, Plymouth. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 2,137, sheep 822, swine 5,378 ; wheat 5,510 
busliels produced, Ind. corn 37,570, oats 16,198, 
potatoes 13,840, sugar 13,655 pounds; 2 stores, 
cap. $1,900. 3 sch. 40 .scholars. Pop. 1,651. 

Marshall, county. 111. Situated a little n. of 
the centre of the state, and contains 3S4 sq. ms. 
Watered by Illinois r. Capital, Lacou. There 



were in 1840, neat cattle 2,422, sheep 1,865, 
swine 6,495; wheat 31,889 bushels produced, 
Indian corn 90,620, oats 21,405, potatoes 11,990 ; 
8 stores, cap. $25,000 ; 1 flouring m., 3 grist m., 
8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $18,300. 1 acad. 
50 students, 3 sell. 100 scholars. Pop. 1,849. 

Marshall, p-t., Oneida co., N. Y., 12 s. w. 
Utica, 93 vv. n. w. Albany, 379 W. The surface 
is rolling ; soil, a fertile sandy loam, well culti- 
vated. Drained by Oriskany cr. The Chenan- 
go canal passes through it. It has 3 stores, cap. 
$7,500 ; 3 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 furnace, 1 
forge, 3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 5 grist m., 10 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $86,250. 16 sch. 749 schol 
ars. Pop. 2,251. 

Marshall, p-t., capital of Calhoun co., Mich., 
105 w. Detroit, 570 W. The soil is fertile, adapt- 
ed to gram. The v. is pleasantly situated, on 
Kalamazoo r., at the confluence of Rice cr. It 
contams a court house, jail, bank, 3 churches, 14 
stores, 3 flouring m., and 1 furnace, and is one of 
the most flourishing villages in the state. It is 
the seat of Marsiiall College, recently foimded, 
which has a president and 1 professor, 62 stu- 
dents, and 3,700 vols, in it libraries. First set- 
tled in 1831. There are in the t., 14 stores, cap. 
$83,900 ; 2 lumber yards, cap. $1,300 ; 1 furnace, 

2 printing offices, 2 weekly and 1 periodical new s- 
papers, 3 flouring m., 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $82,900. 1 acad. 68 students, 8 sch. 
238 scholars. Pop. 1,763. 

Marshall, p-v., capital of Clark co., 111., 123 
e. s. e. Springfield, 661 W. It is pleasantly situ- 
ated on the national road, and contains a court 
house and several dwellings. 

Marshall, p-v., capital of Saline co.. Mo., 87 
N. w. Jefferson City, 1,001 W. It contains a court 
house, 1 church, 4 stores, and 150 inhabitants. 

AIarshall, p-v., Marshall co., Ala., 131 n. e. 
Tuscaloosa, 703 W. 

Marshall's Ferry, p-o.. Granger co., Tenn., 
232 e. Nashville, 456 W. 

Marsha LLSviLLE, p-v., Baughman t., Wayne 
CO., O., 107 N. E. Columbus, 342 W. 

Marshallsville, p-v., Macon co., Ga., 70 s. 
w. Milledgeville, 726 W. 

Marshallton, p-v., Chester co., Pa., 73 e. s. 
E. Harrisburg, 122 W. 

Marshfield, p-t., Washington co., Vt., 15 n. e. 
Montpelier, 528 W. The surface is uneven ; 
soil, adapted to grazing. Watered by Onion r. 
There are in tlie t. 1 store, cap. $2,700 ; 2 grist 
m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,100. 12 sch. 
324 scholars. Pop. 1,1.56. 

Marshfield, p-t., Plymouth co., Mass., 31 s. e. 
Boston, 453 W. It is pleasantly situated on Mas- 
sacitusetts bay, with a tolerable harbor, and some 
navigation. Drained by North and South rivers. 
Incorporated in 1640. It contains 6 churches — 

3 Congregational, 1 Baptist, 1 Episcopal, and 1 
Methodist. It has some manufactures and stiip 
budding. It contains 6 stores, capital $5,900 ; 1 
furnace, 6 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$39,300. 8 sch. 450 scholars. Pop. 1,761. 

Marshy Hope Bridge, p-o., Kent co., Del., 34 
Dover, 121 W. 

Marshpee, t., Barnstable co., Mass., 12 s. e. 
Barnstable, 65 s. e. Boston. This is an ancient 
Indian settlement, whicli is still inhabited chiefly 
by their descendants, of a mi.xed blood. It con- 
tains 10,500 acres, or about 16 .sq. ms. The land 
is seciued to the Indians in perpetuity, and, ex- 
cepting so much as each can cultivate, is held by 
them in common. They have a churcli, in which 
has been a succession of preachers, sometimes 
Indians, from the earhest times. It has tiie At- 
lantic on the s., from wliich several inlets set up. 



MAR 



385 



MAR 



The inhabitants are agriculturists or fishermen, 
and are a quiet ami orderly people. It has 2 sch. 
60 scholars. Pop. 309. 

Mars Hill, Me., lying nearly on the e. boun- 
dary of the United States, is an isolated moun- 
tain with 2 peaks, one 1,506 feet, and the other 
1,363 feet, above the waters of St. John's r. It 
has derived its importance from the fact that the 
British commissioners fixed on it as the com- 
mencement of llie highlands described in the 
treaty of 1783, though far s. of the true highlands, 
and much s. of the boundary as recently settled. 

MAR^3T0N's Mills, p-o., Barnstable co., Mass., 
70 s. E. Boston, 47 W. 

Martha Furnace, p-o., Centre co.. Pa., 101 
N. w. Ilarrisburg, 193 W. 

Martha's Mills, p-o., Fleming co., Ky., 90 e. 
Frankfort, 493 W. 

Marthasville, p-v., Warren co., Mo., 73 e. 
by N. Jefferson City, 873 W. 

Martha's Vineyard, island, Mass., lies off 
the s. shore of Mass., s. of Falmouth, and w. n. 
w. of Nantucket island. It is 21 ms. long, and 
from 2 to 5 ms. broad, and contains 3 towns, Ed- 
gartown, Tisbury, and Chilmark ; and with sev- 
eral small islands in the vicinity, constitutes 
Dukes CO., which contains 120 sq. miles. The 
capital is Edgartown. The soil is poor, and some 
cattle and sheep are raised ; but the inhabitants 
are chiefly employed in the fisheries. There is 
a light-house at Gay Head, in Chilmark. In the 
wars with Great Britain the inhabitants have 
been chiefly without protection. An Indian 
church was Ibrmed here in 1G6G. Their govern- 
ment was at first independent of the other prov- 
inces, in 1664 it was united to New York, and 
in 1692 to Massachusetts. 

BIartha's ViNF.TARn, p-o., Chatham co., N. C, 
33 w. Nashville, 326 W. 

Marticville, p-v., Martic t., Lancaster co., 
Pa., 48 E. s. E. Harrisburg, 122 W. It contains 
10 or 12 dwellings. 

Martic, t., Lancaster co., Pa., 10 s. Lancaster. 
The surface is hilly ; soil, carcareous loam. 
Drained by Beaver, Muddy, and Pecquea crs., 
which afford water power. McCreary's ferry, 
below the mouth of Pecquea cr., crosses the Sus- 
quehanna r., which bounds it on the s. w. It has 
5 stores, cap. .$11,600 ; 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 6 
flouring m., 6 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $16,300. y sch. 320 scholars. Pop. 2,433. 

Martin, county, N. C. Situated toward the 
E. part of the state, and contains 481 sq. miles. 
The surface is level, and in part marshy. Roan- 
oke r. runs on its n. e. boundary. Capital, Wil- 
liamston. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,333, 
sheep 4,262, swine 17,704 ; wheat 3,158 bush, pro- 
duced, Indian corn 251,463, oats 7,475, potatoes 
39,639, rice 37,457 pounds, cotton 291,686; 7 
stores, cap. $33,500 ; 12 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $16,950. 6 sch. 130 scholars. Pop. 
whites 4,438, slaves 2,816, free col'd 383 ; total, 
7,637. 

Martin, county, la. Situated toward the s. 
w. part of the state, and contains 300 sq. miles. 
Drained by the e. fork of White r., the branches 
of which afford water power. East of White r. 
the surface is broken and hilly; and w. of it it 
is level, or gently undulating. Capital, Mount 
Pleasant. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4, 159, 
sheep 4,261, swine 11,046; wheat 9,884 bushels 
produced, Ind. corn 87,032, oats 19,164, potatoes 
7,433, sugar 15,287 pounds ; 6 stores, cap. $19,900 ; 
3 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 9 grist m., 10 saw m. 
Capital in manufac. $23,265. 3 sch. 96 scholars. 
Pop. 3,875. 

Martin, t., Pope co., Ark. Pop. 120. 
49 



Martin, t., Allegan co., Mich. It has 1 saw 
m., cap. $3,000; 3 sch. 46 scholars. Pop. 116. 

Martindale, p-o., Mecklenburg co., N. C, 164 
w. s. w. Raleigh, 403 W. 

Martins, p-o.. Philips co.. Ark., 132 E. Little 
Rock, 1,001 W. 

Martinsburg, p-t., and capital of Lewis co., N. 
Y., 134 N. w. Albany, 433 VV. The surface is 
undulating ; soil, a fertile loam. Drained by 
Martin's cr., which flows into Black r. The v., 
situated on the post-road from Utica to Ogdens- 
burg, contains a court house, jail, 3 churclies, a 
banking house, a female academy, 6 stores, 1 
flouring m., 2 saw m., 1 woollen lac, 100 dwell- 
ings, and about 600 inhabitants. Lead is found 
here. There are in the t. 7 stores, cap. $15,700 ; 
1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 1 printing office, 1 week- 
ly newspaper, 2 grist m., 9 saw m. Capital in 
manufac. .$12,015. 17 sch. 733 scholars. Pop. 
2,272. 

Martinsburg, p-v., Woodberry t., Bedford co., 
Pa., 112 w. Harrisburg, 145 W. Situated on the 
head waters of Frankstown branch of Juniata r. 
It contains 3 stores, and 50 or 60 dwelhngs. 

Martinsburg, p-v., capital of Berkley co., Va., 
21 n. w. Harper's Ferry, 169 n. by w. Richmond, 
77 W. It contains a court house, jail, county of- 
fices, 2 academics, an almshouse, 4 churches — 1 
Presbyterian, 1 Lutheran, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Ro- 
man Catholic — 12 stores, cap. $67,500 ; 1 furnace, 
3 tanneries, 1 flouring m., 2 grist m., 1 printing of- 
fice, issuing a weekly newspaper. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $55,695. It has about 1,700 inhabitants. 

Martinsburg, p-v., Monroe co., Ky., 149 s. s. 
w. Frankfort, 638 VV. Situated in the s. e. cor- 
ner of the county. 

Martinsburg, p-v.. Clay t., Knox co., O., 57 
N. N. e. Columbus, 366 W. It contains 2 church- 
es, 7 stores, 2 high schools — 1 for males and 1 for 
females — 75 dwellings, and about 450 inhabitants. 

Martinsburg, p-v., Washington co., la., 13 s. 
E. Salem, 105 s. Indianapolis, 616 W. It contains 
about 125 inhabitants. 

Martin's Creek, p-o., Northampton co.. Pa., 
114 N. E. Harrisburg, 207 W. The creek rises at 
the foot of Blue mountain, and running s. w., en- 
ters Delaware r. 26 ms. above Easton. It is not 
navigable, but affords good water power. 

Martin's Creek, p-o., Carroll co., Tenn. 

Martin's Creek, p-o., Pickens dist., S. C, 154 
w. N. w. Columbia, 560 W. 

Martin's Ferry, p-o., Belmont co., O., 127 e. 
by N. Columbu.s, 267 W. 

Martin's Hill, p-o., Catlin t., Chemung co., 
N. Y., 207 w. by s. Albany, 291 W. 

Martin's Stand, p-o., Blount co., Ala., 114 n. 
n. e. Tuscaloosa, 731 W. 

Martinstown, p-v.. Eagle t., Hancock co., O., 
89 N. N. w. Columbus, 460 W. 

Martin's Store, p-o., Macon co., Ga. 

Martinsville, p-v., Somerset co., N. J., 35 n. 
by E. Trenton, 206 W. 

Martinsville, p-v., capital of Henry co., Va., 
194 s. w. Richmond, 269 W. Situated on Smith's 
r., a branch of Dan r. It contains a court house, 
jail, 2 stores, 1 tannery, and about 100 inhab- 
itants. 

Martinsville, p-v., Northampton co., N. C, 
150 N. E. Raleigh, 219 W. 

Martinsville, p-v., Warren co., Ky., 152 s. 
w. by w. Frankfort, 676 W. 

Martinsville, p-v., Clinton co., O., 82 s. s. 
w. Columbus, 455 W. It contains 6 stores, 1 
steam mill, 35 dwellings, and about 200 inhab- 
itants. 

Martinsville, p-y., capital of Morgan co., la., 
23 s. w. Indianapolis, 599 W. Situated half a 



MAR 386 MAR 



mile E. of the e. branch of While r., on a beauti- 
ful plain. It contains a court house, jail, 3 stores, 
and about 125 inhabitants. 

Martinsville, p-v., Clarke co., 111., 127 e. s. 
E. Springfield, 673 W. Situated on the national 
road, on the e. side of the n. fork of Embarrass 
river. 



Martvjlle, p-v., Slerhnsi t., Cayuga co., N. 
Y., 175 \v. Albany, 358 W. ^ Situated on Sodus 
cr., and contains 1 store, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m., 
1 distillery, 3i) dwellings, and about 200 inhab- 
itants. 

Marvin's Mill, p-o., Hancock co., O. 

Mary Ann, t., Licking co., O. Pop. 86G. 



MARYLAND. 

Maryland, the most southern of the middle United States, is bounded n. by Pennsylvania; 
E. by Delaware and the Atlantic ; and s. and w. by Virginia. It is between 3S^ and 39° 44' n. lat., 
and between 75° 10' and 79° 20' w. Ion., and between 2° 31' w. and 1° 5S' e. from W. It is 196 
miles long, and 120 broad, containing 13,959 square miles, or 8,933,760 acres, of which one fifth is 
water. The Chesapeake bay runs nearly through the state from s. to n., dividing it into two parts, 
called the Eastern Shore and the Western Shore. 

The population in 1790, was 319,728 ; in 1800, 345,824 ; in 1810, 380,546 ; in 1820, 407,350 ; in 
1830, 446,913 ; in 1840, 469,2.32, of which 89,495 were slaves. Of the free population 158,636 were 
white males; 159,081 do. females; 29,173 were colored males; 32,847 do. females. Employed in 
agriculture, 60,851 ; in commerce, 3,249 ; in manufactures and trades, 21,325 ; navigating the ocean, 
721 ; do. canaLs, lakes, and rivers, 1,519; learned professions, 1,647. 

This state is divided into 20 counties, which, with their population in 1840, and their capitals, 
are as follows : Western Shore — Alleghany, 15,690, Cumberland ; Anne Arundel, 29,532, An- 
napolis; Baltimore, 134,379, Baltimore; Calvert, 9,229, Prince Frederick; Carroll, 17,241, 
Westminster; Charles, 16,023, Port Tobacco ; Frederick, 36,405, Frederick; Harford, 17,120, 
Bel Air; Montgomery, 14,669, Rockville ; Prince George's, 19,539, Upper Marlboro'; St. 
Mary's, 13,224, Leonardtown ; Washington, 28,850, Hagerstown. Eastern Shore — Caroline, 
7,806, Denton ; Cecil, 17,232, Elkton ; Dorchester, 18,843, Cambridge ; Kent, 10,842, Chester- 
town ; Queen Anne's, 12,633, Centreville ; Somerset, 19,508, Princess Anne ; Talbot, 12,090, 
Easton ; Worcester, 18,377, Snowhill. 

Annapolis, on the western shore of the Chesapeake, on the Severn river, is the seat of gov- 
ernment. 

In the counties on the eastern shore of the Chesapeake, the land is generally level and low, and 
in many places is covered with stagnant waters, which give rise, in the summer and fall, to agues; 
and intermittent fevers, and many of the inhabitants have a sickly appearance. Tiie soil possesses 
considerable fertility, and produces a beautiful white wheat, Indian corn, sweet potatoes, and to- 
bacco. The country on the western shore of the Chesapeake, below the falls of the rivers, is level 
and free from stones, and is very similar to that on the eastern shore. Above the falls, the country 
becomes gradually uneven and hilly ; and in the western part of the state it is mountainous, being 
crossed by different ranges, under the names of South mountain, Nortli mountain. Sideling hill, 
Warrior's, Evits', Willis', and Alleghany mountains. Wheat and tobacco are the staple produc- 
tions ; but some cotton, of an inferior quality, is raised in the western counties, and, south of Balti- 
more, a bright tobacco, of superior quality, denominated kitesfoot. Hemp and flax are produced in 
considerable quantities. The soil of the state is generally a red loam, or clay, and much of it is 
excellent. Apples, pears, peaches, and plums, are abundant. The forests abound with various 
nuts, suitable for fattening hogs, which are suffered to run wild in the woods, and, when fattened, 
are killed and exported in great quantities. The climate, in the mountainous region in the western 
part of the state, is salubrious ; and in the valleys between the mountains is much fine land, adapt- 
ed both to grain and to grazing. 

In this state there were in 1840, 92,920 horses and mules ; 225,714 neat cattle ; 257,922 sheep ; 
416,943 swine ; poultry to the value of $218,765. There were produced 3,345,783 bush, of wheat ; 
3,594 of barley ; 3,534,211 of oats ; 723,577 of rye ; 73,606 of buckwheat ; 8,233,086 of Ind. corn ; 
488,201 lbs. of wool; 2,357 of hops; 3,674 of wax; 1,036,433 bush, of potatoes ; 106,637 tons of hay ; 
24,816,012 pounds of tobacco; 5,673 of cotton; 2,290 of silk cocoons; 36,266 of sugar. The pro- 
ducts of the dairy amounted to $457,466 ; of the orchard, $105,740; of lumber, $226,977. There 
were made 7,585 gallons of wine. 

Iron ore is found in various parts of the state, and extensive beds of coal exist betwen the moun- 
tains in the western part. 

This state carries on an extensive trade with the other states, with the West Indies, and with 
Europe, principally from Baltimore. The exports consist of flour, tobacco, iron, lumber, Ind. corn, 
pork, flax seed, beans, and fish, particularly shell-fish. 

The Potomac river, which divides this state from Virginia, is 550 miles long, and navigable about 
300 miles to Washington city. It is 7 J miles wide at its mouth, and U at Alexandria, 290 miles 
from its mouth. The Sustpiehanna is a large river, which enters into the head of the Chesapeake 



MAR 387 MAR 

bay in this state. It is H mile wide at its mouth, but is navigable only 5 miles, being, above that, 
much obstructed by falls and rapids. Tlie Patapsco is a small river, navigable, however, 14 miles 
to Baltimore for large ships. The Paluxent is 1 10 miles long, and is navigable for 50 miles for 
vessels of 250 tons. The other rivers are Elk, Sassafras, Chester, Choptank, Nanticoke, and 
Pocoraoke. 

The Chesapeake bay is 270 miles long, and from 7 to 20 wide ; and, by its deep water and numer- 
ous inlets, furnishes many fine harbors. 

Baltimore is much the largest place in the state, and is the third in population in the United 
States. This state possesses great facilities for inland and foreign trade, and has an extensive 
commerce. The other principal towns are Frederick, Hagerstown, and Annapolis. 

The exports of this state in 1840 amounted to S;5,768,76S, and the imports to S4,'.)10,746. Tliere 
were in the state 70 commercial and 117 commission houses engaged m foreign trade, employing a 
capital of $4,414,000; 2,562 retail drygoods and other stores, with a capital of .$9,240,170; 1,330 
persons engaged in the lumber trade, employing a capital of $307,300; 103 persons employed in 
internal transportation, who, with 211 butchers, packers, &c., employed a capital of $28,880 ; 7,814 
persons employed in the fisheries, with a capital of $88,947. 

The principal manufactures were of home-made or family articles, to the amount of $176,050; 
39 fulling mills and 29 woollen manufactories, employing 383 persons, producing articles to the 
amount of $235,900, and employing a capital of $117,630 ; 21 cotton manufactories, with 41,182 sp., 
employing 2,284 persons, producing articles to the amount of $1,150,580, and employing a capital 
of $1,304,400; 13 rope factories employed 198 persons, and produced articles to the amount of 
$141,050; 12 furnaces, producing 8,876 tons of cast iron, and 17 forges, &c., producing 7,900 tons 
of bar iron, the whole employing 1,782 persons, and a capital of $795,650; 17 paper manufoctories 
produced to the amount of $195,100, and other paper manufactories $3,000, the whole employing 
171 persons, and a capital of $95,400 ; 93 persons produced 1,805,240 pounds of .soap, and 731,446 
do. of tallow candles, and 35,000 do. of spermaceti candles, employing a capital of $98,600 ; 73 dis- 
tilleries produced 366,213 gallons, and 11 breweries produced 828,140 gallons, the whole employing 
199 persons, and a capital of $185,790 ; hats and caps were manufactured to the amount of $153,456, 
and .straw bonnets to the amount of $13,200, the whole employing 205 persons, and a capital of 
$76,020; 161 tanneries employed 1,035 persons, and a capital of $713,655; 408 saddleries, and 
other manufactories of leather, produced articles to the amount of $1,050,275, -with a capital of 
$434,127 ; 1 glass house, employing 37 persons, produced articles to tlie amount of $40,000, with a 
capital of $30,000 ; 23 potteries employed 90 persons, producing to the amount of $60,240, with a 
capital of $25,120; 5 powder mills employed 47 persons, and produced 669,125 pounds of gunpow- 
der, with a capital of $46,000; 52 persons produced drugs and paints to the amount of $80,100, 
with a capital of $85,100; 6 sugar refineries produced $176,000; 102 persons produced confection- 
ery to the amount of $73,450; 278 persons manufactured tobacco to the amount of $232,000, with 
a capital of $125,100; 247 persons manufactured granite and marble to the amount of $152,750; 
1,042 persons produced bricks and lime to the amount of $409,450 ; 723 persons produced machinery 
to the amount of §348,165 ; 36 persons manufactured hardware and cutlery to the amount of 
$15,670 ; 690 persons produced carriages and wagons to the amount of $357,622, with a capital of 
$154,955 ; 189 flouring mills produced 400,708 barrels of flour, and, with other mills, employed 898 
persons, producing articles to the amount of $3,267,250, and employed a capital of $4,069,671 ; .ships 
were built to the amount of $279,771 ; 834 persons manufactured furniture to the amount of $305,360, 
with a capital of $339,336 : 389 brick or stone houses, and 592 wooden houses, were built, em- 
ploying 2,026 persons, and cost $1,078,770 ; 48 printing offices, and 15 binderies, 7 daily, 7 semi- 
weekly, and 28 weekly newspapers, and 7 periodicals, employed 370 persons, and a capital of 
$159,100. The whole amount of capital employed in manufactures in the state amounted to 
$6,450,284. 

Washington College, at Chestertown, was established in 1782 ; St. John's ("oUege, at Annapolis, 
in 1784. These two subsequently formed a university. St. Mary's College, at Baltimore, was 
founded in 1799, by the Catholics. The Baltimore Medical School was founded in 1807. In 1812 
there were connected with it the faculties of general science, law, and divinity, and it received the 
name of the University of Maryland. Mount St. Mary's College was established near Emmets- 
burg, in 1830, by the Catholics. These institutions had, in 1840, about 400 students. Besides, 
there were 127 academies and grammar schools, with 4,178 students; and 507 primary and com- 
mon schools, v\dth 16,982 scholars. There were 11,605 white persons, over 20 years of age, who 
could neither read nor wTite. 

The first settlers of this state were Roman Catholics, and they are still numerous. Tliey have 
an archbishop, who is metropolitan of the United States, and 60 churches. The Episcopalians 
have 77 ministers ; the Presbyterians 25 ; the Baltimore ftlethodist Conference, which extends into 
some other states, has 172 travelling preachers ; the Baptists have 20 ministers ; the German Re- 
formed 9 ; and there are some Lutherans, Friends, Unitarians, &c. 



MAR 



38S 



MAR 



There were in this state in 1840, 13 banks, with an aggregate capital of $9,106,031, and a circu- 
lation of .$2,328,525. At the close of 1810, the state debt amounted to $15,109,026. 

There is a state penitentiary in Baltimore, first occupied in 1829. 

The constitution of this state was formed in 1776, but has been frequently amended since that 
time. The governor is chosen annually by the joint ballot of both houses of the legislature, and 
is eligible only 3 years in 7. He must be 25 years of age, and have resided in the state 5 years. 
Tlie senators are 15 in number, 9 for the western and 6 for the eastern shore ; they must be 25 
years of age, have resided in the state 3 years, and are chosen for 5 years. The representatives 
must be 25 years of age, and have resided one year in the county for which they are chosen im- 
mediately preceding the election. They are 80 in number; 4 from each of the 19 counties, and 
two each from the cities of Baltimore and Annapolis. The council consists of 5 members elected 
by the legislature to advise the governor, and sanction or negative the executive appointments. 
They must be 25 years of age, and are chosen for 3 years. The governor has no veto upon the 
acts of the legislature. The judiciary consists of a chancellor and judges, who hold their offices 
during good behavior, but are removable by impeacliment before the legislature by a vote of two 
thirds of the members. 

Everj' free white male citizen, over 21 years of age, who has resided one year in the county, or 
in the city of Annapolis or Baltimore next preceding the election, enjoys the right of suffrage. 

Two of the greatest works of internal improvement in the United States have been projected 
and commenced by Maryland. The first is the Chesapeake and Oliio canal, commencing at 
Georgetown, District of Columbia, and to extend to Cumberland, on the Potomac, and thence by 
Wills creek and the Youghiogheny and Monongahela rivers to Pittsburgh, a distance of 34U miles. 
Jt would require a tunnel through the Alleghany moimtains 4 miles and 80 yards in length. The 
whole amount of lockage will be 3,215 feet. The estimated cost is $9,347,408. The state of Ma- 
ryland has subscribed $3,000,000, and the United States $1,000,000, toward the completion of the 
undertaking. A charter was granted by Virginia in 1824, and confirmed by Maryland and the 
Congress of the U. S. in 1825, and the work was commenced in 1828. It has been nearly com- 
pleted from Georgetown to Cumberland, 185 miles, and has been extended to Alexandria. 

The second great work is the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, designed to extend from Baltimore 
to Wheeling, on the Ohio, 360 miles. It was incorporated by the legislature of Maryland, Vir- 
ginia, and Pennsylvania, in 1827, and commenced July 4th, 1828. The state of Maryland has 
subscribed to the stock $3,000,000, and the city of Baltimore $3,000,000. It is completed from 
Baltimore to Cumberland. The Washington Branch extends 30? miles from Patapsco river to 
Washington. The Baltimore and Port Deposite railroad extends 36 miles from Baltimore to Havre 
de Grace. The Baltimore and Susquehanna railroad extends 56 ms. from Baltimore to York, Pa. 
The Reistertown Branch railroad commences 6 ms. from Baltimore, and extends 8 ms. to Reister- 
town. The Wilmington and Susquehanna railroad extends from Havre de Grace, 32 ms., to Wil- 
mington, Del. The Annapolis and Elkridge railroad extends 19J miles from Wasliington Branch 
to Annapolis. 

The original charter of Maryland was granted to Cecilius Calvert, (Lord Baltimore,) in 1632. It 
was originally included in the patent of the South Virginia Company, and was considered as be- 
longing to Virginia, until the above date. It was called, by its proprietor, Maryland, in honor of 
Henrietta 3Iaria, queen of Charles I. The proprietor was a Catholic, and planted the first colony, 
consisting of 200 Roman Catholics, in 1634, on the n. side of the Potomac, at a town called St. 
Mary's. Previously to the grant to Calvert, a few emigi-ants had settled in the country, at the 
head of whom was a man by the name of Claiborne, who raised a rebellion against the proprietor, 
and instigated the Indians against the settlers, and gave them much trouble. Calvert offered to 
every emigrant fifty acres of land in fee, and without regard to religious persuasion ; and as a free 
toleration was granted, the colony was increased. The constitution of Maryland was settled in 
1650 ; the legislature was divided into two houses, and the province into 3 counties. Under Crom- 
well the Calvert family were deprived of the government, but were reinstated by Cliarles II. at 
the restoration. They were deprived again under William and IMary, and Maryland continued a 
royal government until 1716. The Calvert who held the claims of his family then renounced the 
Roman Catholic religion, and was reinstated in his rights. At the commencement of the revolu- 
tion, the authority fell into tlie hands of the people, wlio, in 1776, formed their constitution. From 
the first, they were active in resisting the acts of British oppression, and bore their part in the trials 
and hardships and dangers of the revolutionary war. In convention, April 28th, 178S, they adopted 
the constitution of the United States, — yeas 63, nays 12 ; majority 51. 



Maryland, p-t., Otsego co., N. Y., 12 n. 
Cooperstown, 66 w. by n. Albany, 362 W. The 
surface is hilly ; soil, sandy loam, fertile in the 
valleys. Drained by Sclienevas cr. The v. 
contains 1 Presbyterian church, 2 stores, 1 grist 



m., 1 saw m., 1 distillery, and about 20 dwellings. 
There are in the t. 6 stores, cap. $20,500; 1 full- 
ing m., 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 3 grist m., 17 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $38,315. 16 sch. 763 scho- 
lars. Pop. 2,085. 



MAS 



389 



MAS 



Maryland Line, p-o., Baltimore co., Md., 62 n. 
Annapolis, 72 W. 

Marysville, p-v., Union co., O., 41 n. w. Co- 
lumbus, 431 W. Situated on the w. side of Mill 
cr., a branch of Little Scioto r. It contains a 
court house of brick, a jail, 3 stores, 50 dwellings, 
and about 300 inhabitants. 

Marysville, p-v., Campbell co., Va., 137 s. 
w. by w. Richmond, 218 W. Situated on the 
N. side of Stanton r. 

Marysville, p-v., capital of Blount co., Tenn., 
18 s. s. w. Knoxville, 183 e. s. e. Nashville, 523 
W. Situated on a branch of Pistol cr., flowing 
into Little r., a branch of Holston r., and contains 
a court house, a church, and about 500 inhabit- 
ants. It is the seat of the South Western Theo- 
logical Seminary, under the direction of the 
Presbyterians, founded in 1821, has 2 professors, 
24 students, 90 have completed their education, 
and 6,000 vols, in its libraries. 

Marysville, p-v., Lawrence co., la., 63 s. s. 
w. Indianapolis, 630 W. 

Mascoutah, p-v., St. Clair co.. 111., 110 s. 
Springfield, 819 W. 

Masiiulaville, p-v., Noxubee co.. Miss., 113 
n. e. Jackson, 897 W. Situated a little w. of the 
w. fork of Tombigbee r. 

Maskegon, r., Mich., rises in several lakes in 
Mikenauk co., and after a course of 175 miles 
enters Lake Michigan 14 ras. n. of the entrance 
of Grand r. 

Maskegon, pt., Ottovva co., Mich., 227 w. n. 
w. Detroit, 708 W. The v. is situated on the 
south of an expansion of the r. called Maskegon 1. 
It contains 1 store and a few dwellings. There 
are in the t. 6 saw- m., with a cap. of $40,500. 

Maso!>i, county, Va. Situated in the w. part 
of the state, and contains 875 sq. ms. Ohio r. 
bounds it on the n. and w. Watered by Great 
Kanawha r. and its tributaries, and small creeks 
flowing into Ohio r. The surface is broken ; 
soil, generally fertile. Salt is found near Ka- 
nawha r. Capital, Point Pleasant. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 7,889, sheep 9,292, swine 
17,169; wheat 69,503 bush, produced, rye 1,914, 
Ind. com 298,720, potatoes 20,316, tobacco 9,47ci 
pounds, sugar 27,108; 11 stores, cap. $33,500; 4 
tanneries, 1 flouring m., 4 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $8,050. 11 sch. 241 scholars. Pop. 
whites 5,923, slaves 808, free col'd 46; total, 
6,777. 

Mason, county, Ky. Situated toward the n. 
E. part of the state, and contains 260 sq. ms. 
The Ohio r. bounds it on the n. Drained by 
North Lick, a branch of Licking r. Capital, 
Washington. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
1 1,315, sheep 21,340, swine 29,551 ; wheat 220,73S 
bush, produced, rye 24,250, Ind. corn 666,526, 



oats 91,804, potatoes 20,630 ; hemp and flax 1,065 
tons; tobacco 1,122,749 pounds; 11 commission 
houses, cap. $113,900; 63 stores, cap. $416,100; 
2 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 1,100 sp., 8 tanneries, 
6 distilleries, 1 brewery, 3 potteries, 4 rope fac, 
18 flouring m., 19 grist m., 4 saw m., 2 printing 
offices, 3 weekly and 1 semi-weekly newspapers. 
Cap. in manufac. .$210,915. 1 acad. 70 students, 
36 sch. 1,006 scholars. Pop. whites 1 1,138, slaves 
4,30y, free col'd 272; total, 15,719. 

Mason, p-t., Hillsboro' co., N. H., 44 s. s. w. 
Concord, 450 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, 
fenile, particularly in the w. part. Drained by 
Souhegan r. and branches of Nashua r. Char- 
tered in 1768, first settled in 1751. It has 3 stores, 
cap. $1,400 ; 1 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 2,048 
sp., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $29,700. 10 sch. 357 scholars. Pop. 
1,275. 

Mason, p-o., Warren co., O., 93 s. w. Colum, 
bus, 477 W. 

Mason, t., Lawrence co., O. Symmes' or. 
runs near its w. border and once enters the t. It 
has 6 sch. 86 scholars. Pop. 635. 

M.\soN, t., Cass CO., Mich. The soil is fertile, 
well adapted to grain. It has 1 sch. 40 scholars. 
Pop. 318. 

Mason, t., Ingham co., Mich. It has 2 sch. 40 
scholars. Pop. 273. 

Mason, p-v., Clinton co.. Mo. 

Mason, t., Marion co.. Mo. It has 4 sch. 155 
scholars. Pop. 1,953. 

Mason Centre, p-v., Ingham co., Mich., 85 
w. by N. Detroit, 571 W. Situated on Syca- 
more cr., and contains 1 store, 1 saw m., and 
several dwellings. 

Mason Hall, p-o.. Orange co., N. C, 49 n. w. 
Raleigh, 283 W. 

Mason Hall, p-o., Obion co., Tenn., 153 w. 
Nashville, 835 W. 

Mason Grove, p-o., Madison co., Tenn., 149 
s. w. Nashville, 834 W. 

Masontown, p-o., Fayette co.. Pa., 190 s. w 
Harrisburg, 198 W. 

Mason Village, p-v., Mason t., Hillsboro' co., 
N. H., 44 s. s. w. Concord, 450 W. 

Mason viLLE, p-t., Delaware co., N. Y., HI s. 
w. Albany, 313 W. The surface is hilly and 
mountainous, with a large growth of pine and 
other timber. Drained by small branches of Sus- 
quehanna and Delaware rivers. The v. contains 
1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist church, 3 stores, 
35 dwelhngs, and about 200 hdiabitants. There 
are in the t. 2 stores, cap. $3,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 
tannery, 1 grist m., 15 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$7,050. 11 sch. 455 scholars. Pop. 1,420. 

Masonville, p-v., Lauderdale co., Ala., 145 
N. Tuscaloosa, 770 W. 



MASSACHUSETTS. 

Massachusetts, one of the eastern United States, is bounded n. by Vermont and New Hamp- 
shire ; E. by the Atlantic ; s. by the Atlantic, Rhode Island, and Connecticut ; and w. by New' 
York. It lies between 41° 23' and 43° 52' n. lat., and 69° 50' and 73° 10' w. Ion. It is 190 miles 
long and 90 broad, containing about 7,500 sq. ms., or 4,800,000 acres. The population in 1790 was 
383,727; in 1800,422,815; in 1810, 472,040; in 1820, 523,287; in 1830, 610,408; 1840, 737,699. 
Of these 360,679 were free white males ; 368,351 do. females; 4,654 free colored males ; 4,015 do. 
females. Employed in mining, 499 ; in agriculture, 87,837 ; in commerce, 8,063 ; in manufactures 
and trades, 85,176; navigating the ocean, 27,153; do. rivers, &c., 372 ; learned professions, 3,804. 

The capital, and the largest town in New England, is Boston, situated on a small peninsula iii 
Boston bay 

This state is divided into 14 counties, which, with their population in 1840, and capitals, are as 
follows : Suffolk, 95,773, Boston ; Essex, 94,937, Salem, Newburyport, and Ipswich ; Middlesex, 
106,611, Cambridge, Concord, and Lowell; Worcester, 95,313, Worcester; Hampshire, 30,897, 



MAS 390 MAS 

Northampton; Hampden, 37,366, Springfield ; Franklin, 28,812, Greenfield; Berkshire, 41,745, 
Lenox; Bristol, 60,164, New Bedford und Taunton ; Plymouth, 47,373, Plymouth; Barnsta- 
ble, 32,548, Barnstable; Dukes, 3,958, Edgartown ; Nantucket, 9,012, Nantucket; Norfolk, 
53,140, Dedham. 

There are several ranges of mountains, wliich come from Vermont and New Hampshire, and 
cross the western part of the state into Connecticut. To the e. of these mountains the country is 
hilly, except in the southern counties, where it is level and sandy. On the seacoast, the land is 
generally poor, particularly in the s. e., but by a skilful cultivation, it is made in many parts to 
produce well. The rest of the state has generally a strong, good soil, well adapted to grazing and 
to grain. The lands in the valleys of the Connecticut and liousatonic rivers have an excellent 
soil. In no state in the Union has agriculture been more improved than in Massachusetts. The 
principal productions are grass, Indian corn, rye, wheat, oats, and potatoes. Beef, pork, butter, and 
cheese, of an excellent quality, are extensively produced. Apples are found in great quantities, 
and are extensively made into cider. Peaches, pears, plums, and cherries are cultivated with suc- 
cess. In 1840 there were in this state, 61,484 horses and mules ; 282,574 neat cattle ; 378,226 sheep ; 
143,221 swine; poultry to the amount of $178,157; there were produced 157,923 bushels of wheat; 
165,319 of barley ; 1,319,680 of oats ; 536,014 of rye ; 87,000 of buckwheat ; 1,809,192 of Indian 
corn; 941,906 pounds of wool; 254,795 of hops; 5,335,652 bushels of potatoes; 569,395 tons of 
hay ; 2,432 of hemp and flax ; 1,741 pounds of silk cocoons ; 579,227 of sugar. The value of the 
products of the dairy was $2,373,299 ; of the orchard, $389,177 ; of lumber, $344,845. 

Massachusetts is a great commercial state. The fisheries of the United States are chiefly car- 
ried on by her citizens. The principal articles of export are fish, beef, pork, lumber, flax seed, 
whale oil, spermaceti, and her manufactures. Marble is extensively exported from West Stock- 
bridge, and granite from Quincy. 

Her manufactures of cotton cloths, boots and shoes, leather, wrougiit and cast iron, woollen cloths, 
straw bonnets, hats, cabinet work, paper, and oil, are extensive. Lowell, which was unknown by 
name 20 years ago, has become the 3Ianchester of America, and, supported by its manufactures, 
has become the second place in population in the state. Muskets are extensively manufactured at 
the national armory in Springfield. In its shipping, Massachusetts is the first state in the Union, 
and has one third of the whole tonnage of the country. 

The state debt at the close of 1840 was $5,149,137. 

The climate of this state is favorable to health, and about 1 in 7 of the inhabitants live to 70 years 
of age. The extremes of temperature are from 20 degrees below to 100 degrees above zero ; but 
such extremes are rare and of short continuance. 

The principal rivers are the Connecticut, which has a winding course of 50 miles in this state. 
Deerfield and Westfield rivers enter it from the west, and Jliller's and Chickapee rivers from the 
east. The Housatonic rises in Berkshire county, in the western part the state, and flows into the 
state of Connecticut, The Merrimac has a course of 50 miles in the n. e. part of the state, and 
enters the ocean at Newburyport. It is navigable for large vessels, 15 miles to HaverWll. 

Massachusetts bay extends from Cape Ann on the N., 40 miles, to Cape Cod on thes., and includes 
Boston and Cape Cod bays. Buzzard's bay, on the s. shore of the state, is 30 miles in length. 
Boston harbor is one of the finest in the world, easy of entrance, safe and capacious, and easily and 
well defended. New Bedford, on Buzzard's bay, has a fine harbor. The other commercial towns 
are Salem, Newburyport, Gloucester, and Nantucket. The other principal towns are Lowell, 
Plymouth, Worcester, Springfield, Pittsfield, and Northampton. 

There are several important islands off the s. shore of Massachusetts. The largest is Nantucket, 
15 miles long and 11 broad, which of itself constitutes a county of its own name. Martha's Vine- 
yard, to the w. of Nantucket, is 20 miles long, and from 2 to 10 broad. This, with Elizabeth Isl- 
ands, in Buzzard's bay, and some other small islands, constitutes Dukes county. 

The exports of this state in 1840 amounted to $10,186,261, and the imports to $16,513,853. 

There were in 1840, 241 commercial and 123 commission houses engaged in foreign trade, em- 
ploying a capital of $13,831,517; and 3,625 retail drygoods and other stores, with a capital of 
$12,705,038 ; the lumber trade employed 3,432 persons, and a capital of $1,022,360 ; internal trans- 
portation employed 799 persons, and with 480 butchers, packers, &c., employed a capital of $407,8.50; 
the fisheries employed 16,000 persons, and a capital of $11,725,850. 

The manufactures of Massachusetts are not less distinguished than its commerce. The value of 
family and home-made manufactures in 1840 was $231,942 ; there were 207 fulling mills, and 144 
woollen manufactories, employing 5,076 persons, producing goods to the amount of $7,082,898, and 
employing a capital of $4,179,850; 278 cotton manufactories, with 665,095 spindles, employing 
20,923 persons, producing articles to the amount of $16,553,423, and employing a cap. of $17,414,099: 
48 furnaces produced 9,3.32 tons of cast iron, 67 forges, rolling mills, &c., produced 6,004 tons of bar 
iron, the whole employing 1,097 persons, and a capital of $1,232,875 ; 82 paper manufactories, em- 
ploying 967 persons, produced articles to the amount of $1,059,930, and other paper manufacture.s 



MAS 391 MAS 

to the amount of $56,700, and the whole employed a capital of $1,082,800; 463 persons produced 
salt to the amount of $376,596 bushels, with a capital of $502,1)80 ; hats and caps were manufac- 
tured to the amount of $918,43S, and straw bonnets to the amount of $821,646, the whole employ- 
ing 6,656 persons, and a capital of $602,292 ; 355 tanneries employed 2,446 persons, and a capital 
of $1,024,699 ; paints and drugs were produced to the amount of $405,725, and turpentine and var- 
nish to the amount of $25,820 ; 1,532 saddleries, and other leatlier manufactories, produced articles 
to the amount of $10,553, S26, and employed a capital of $3,318,544 ; 4 glass houses, employing 372 
persons, prochiced articles to the amount of $471,000, with a capital of $277,000 ; 20 potteries, em- 
ploying 71 persons, produced articles to the amount of $44,450, with a capital of $27,975 ; 2 sugar 
refineries produced articles to the amount of $1,025,000 ; chocolate was manufactured to the amount 
of $31,500 ; and confectionery to the amount of $137,300 ; 14 powder mills employed 69 persons, 
and produced 2,315,215 pounds of gunpowder, with a capital of $255,000 ; 913 persons produced 
macliinery to the amount of $926,975 ; 1,109 persons produced iiardware and cutlery to the amount 
of $1,831,163 ; 37 distilleries produced 5,177,910 gallons, and 7 breweries produced 429,800 gallons, 
employing 154 persons, and a capital of $963,100 ; 397 persons produced 50 cannon and 22,652 small- 
arms ; 1,402 persons produced carriages and wagons to the amount of $803,999, with a capital of 
$334,660 ; 274 persons wrought granite and marble to the amount of $217,180 ; and 758 persons man- 
ufactured bricks and lime to the amount of $310,796 ; mills of various kinds employed 1,803 per- 
sons, and manufactured to the amount of $1,771,185, with a capital of $1,440,152 ; ships were built 
to the amount of $1,319,994 ; 51 rope walks employed 672 persons, producing articles to the amount 
of $852,200, with a capital of $555,100; furniture employed 2,424 persons, producing $1,090,008; 
246 persons manufactured musical instruments to tlie amount of $243,760, with a capital of $555,100 ; 
324 brick and 2,249 wooden houses employed 2,947 persons, and cost $2,767,134. There were 104 
printing offices, 72 binderies, 10 daily newspapers, 67 weekly, and 14 semi-weekly, and 14 periodi- 
cals, the whole employing 922 persons, and a capital of $416,200. The whole amount of capital 
employed in manufactures was $41,774,446. 

Massachusetts has 3 colleges and 2 theological seminaries. Harvard University, at Cambridge, 
is the oldest and best endowed institution of the kind in the United States, having been founded iu 
1633, eighteen years after the first tree was felled, and the first log house was erected in the wilder- 
ness by the Pilgrim Fathers of New England. Williams College, at Williamstown, in the n. e. 
corner of the state, was founded in 1793, and is a flourishing institution. Amherst College was 
founded in 1821, and has had an unexampled growth, ranking with the first colleges in New Eng- 
land. The Theological Seminary, at Andover, is the best endowed, and one of the most flourish- 
ing institutions of the kind in the United States, and is under the direction of the Congregational- 
ists. The Baptists, also, have a flourishing theological institution at Newton. All these institu- 
tions had, in 1840, 769 students. There were in the state, 251 academies and grammar schools, with 
16,746 students ; 3,362 primary and common schools, with 160,257 scholars. There were 4,448 per- 
sons over 20 years of age who could neither read nor write. These, as is the case in most of the 
states, are principally made up of foreign immigrants. 

The principal religious denominations are the Congregationalists, the Baptists, the Methodists, the 
Episcopalians, and the Universalists. In 1836, the Orthodox Congregationalists had about 350 
churches, 320 ministers, and 50,000 communicants. The Unitarians had about 120 ministers ; tlie 
Baptists had 129 churches, 160 mmisters, and 20,200 communicants. The Episcopalians had 1 
bishop and 37 ministers ; the Universalists had 100 congregations and 44 mmisters. Besides these, 
there are a few Presbyterians, Christ-ians, Roman Catholics, and Friends, and .some others. 

In November, 1839, Massachusetts had 118 banks, with an aggregate capital of $34,485,600, and a 
circulation of $7,875,322. 

This state has a penitentiary at Charlestown. 

JIassachusetts has been fully awake to the subject of internal improvement. The Middlesex 
canal, connecting the flierrimac river, 2 miles above Lowell, with Boston harbor at Charlestown, 
is 27 miles long, and was completed in 1808, at a cost of $528,000. This was the first canal, of any 
considerable length, attempted in the United States. The Hampshire and Hampden canal contin- 
ues the Farraington canal from the n. line of Connecticut, 22 miles, to Northampton, making the 
whole length of the canal from New Haven 76 miles. Blackstone canal, 45 miles long, connects 
Worcester with Providence, R. I., and was completed in 1828, at a cost of $600,000. Quincy rail- 
road, completed in 1327, for the transportation of granite from the quarry. Smiles, to Neponset river, 
was the first work of the kind in the United States ; so late has been this species of improvement. 
The rails are of timber, faced with iron. Boston and Lowell railroad is 25 miles long, with a branch 
from Wilmington to Haverhill, 18 miles, and is extended to Dover, N. H. From Lowell, the road 
is continued, 15 miles, to Nashua, and thence to Concord, N. H. From Haverhill the road is con- 
tinued through New Hampsliire to Maine. The Eastern railroad extends, 33 miles, from Boston to 
Newburyport, and is extended to Portsmouth, N. H., and thence to Portland, Me. Boston and 
Providence railroad was uicorporated in 1831, and opened in 1835, is 42 miles long, with a branch 



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of 2 miles to Dedham, and another of 11 miles to Taunton, which, under the name of the Old 
Colony railroad, is continued to New Bedford. The Worcester railroad, 43 miles, constitutes a 
section of the great Western railroad, which is extended to Albany. The Worcester and Norwich 
railroad extends 59 miles, and connects with a steamboat navigation to the city of New York. 

The government of Massachusetts consists of a governor, lieutenant-governor, senators, and 
representatives, chosen annually by the people, and they meet annually at Boston, on tiie first 
Wednesday of January. The senate consists of 40 members, chosen by districts. From these, a 
council of 9 members is elected, by joint ballot of the legislature. By a modification of the con- 
stitution in 1837, it was ordained that every town having 300 ratable polls at the last preceding de- 
cennial census of polls, may elect 1 representative ; and for every 450 more, one additional repre- 
sentative. In towns of less than 300 polls, multiply the polls of the last census by 10, and divide 
by 300, and the quotient will show the number of years in the decennial period that they shall be 
allowed to send a representative. Where there is a surplus of polls over a sufficiency for one or 
more representatives, multiply the surplus by 10, and divide by 450, and the quotient will show how 
many years of the decennial period they shall be allowed an additional representative. 

The Plymouth colony was first settled by the Puritans, who landed in Plymouth in December, 
1620. In 162S the foundation of the Massachusetts colony was laid by the settlement of Salem and 
Charlestown, and in 1630, of Boston. In 1692, these colonies were united, and have so continued 
ever since, under the name of Massachusetts. The American revolution began at Boston and in 
the vicinity, and this state bore a prominent part in that memorable struggle. The first regular bat- 
tle, that of Breed's Hill, commonly called Bunker Hill, in Charlestown, was fought on the 17th 
of June, 1775. On the 17th of March, 1776, the British were compelled to evacuate Boston. In 
1780, a convention of delegates formed the present state constitution. Tliis was revised, with 
some modifications, in 1820. In 1783, slavery was abolished by law. In 1786, a serious disturbance 
look place, denominated Shay's rebeUion, which was, after some time, quelled. This state voted 
in convention, February 6th, 1788, to adopt the constitution of the United States : yeas 187, nays 
163 ; majority 19. 



Massanutten, p-o., Page CO., Va., 138 n. w. 
Richmond, 106 W. Near it is a beautiful sheet 
of water on Massanutten mountain, which has an 
unbroken I'all of near 50 feet, below which the 
water flows in a deep chasm of limestone rock, 
with banks nearly perpendicular. The fall pre- 
sents a beautiful spectacle. 

Massenna, p-t., St. Lawrence co., N. Y., 247 
N. N. w. Albany, 524 W. The surface is slightly 
rolling ; soil, rich loam. Watered by Racket 
and Grass rivers, aflbrding water power, which 
flow into the St. Lawrence r. tliat bounds it on 
the N. It contains a sulphur spring of some ce- 
lebrity. The V. contains 1 Baptist church, 4 
stores, 2 grist m., 3 saw m., 1 clothier's works, 2 
tanneries, 50 dwellings, and about 300 inhabit- 
ants. There are in the t., 9 stores, cap $62,000 ; 
1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $10,390. 17 sch. 740 scholars. Pop. 
2,726. 

Masserxe, mountains, soinetimes called the 
Ozark mountains, commence near the junction 
of the Missouri and Mississippi rivers, in Mo., 
and run in a s. w. direction through the states of 
Missouri and Arkansas, into Texas. Tliis chain 
is crossed by the Arkansas and Red rivers. Its 
highest peak is called Mount Cerne, from which 
it has derived its name. 

Massie's Creek, p-o., Greene co., O., 57 w. s. 
w. Coluiubus, 450 W. The cr. is a considerable 
mill stream, which rises in Madison co., and falls 
into Little Miami r., 4 ms. above Xenia. It lias 
a series of falls for several miles, passing tlirougii 
a chasm 20 or 30 feet wide and 60 feet deep, 
which presents a highly romantic appearance. 

Massii.lox, pv., I'erry t., Stark co., O., 116 n. 
E. Columbus, 321 W. Situated on the Ohio ca- 
nal. Laid out in 1S26. It contains 1 Baptist 
and 1 Episcopal church, 1 bank, 22 stores, 15 
warehouses, a great variety of mechanics, 1 
flouring m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 1 printing 
office, 250 dwellings, and has 1,422. inhabitants. 
The exports are estimated at over $750,000 ; and 



the imports are still greater. Bituminous coal is 
found in the vicinity. 

Matamora, p-o., Ilardiman co., Tenn., 173 
s. w. Nashville, 849 W. 

Matciiapungo, Inlet, Northampton co., Va., 
enters a gulf called Broad Water, from the At- 
lantic, between Prout's and Hog islands. 

Mathews, county, Va. Situated in the s. e. 
part of the state on Chesapeake bay, and con- 
tains 68 sq. ms. It consists of a peninsula be- 
tween Piankatanck and Mobjack bays. Capital, 
Mathews C. II. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 4,181, sheep 2,366, swine 9,214 ; wheat 
8,875 bush, produced, Ind. corn 171,290, oats 
51,100, potatoes 17,070, cotton 24,590; 20 stores, 
cap. §33,900; 2 tanneries, 15 grist m. Cap. in 
manufac. $30,700. 2 acad. 92 students, 12 sch. 
257 scholars. Pop. whites 3,969, slaves 3,309, 
free col'd 174 ; total, 7,442. 

Mathews, C. H., p-v., capital of Mathews co., 
Va., 102 E. by s. Richmond, 187 W. 

i^Iathews Prairie, p-o., Scott co., Mo., 240 S- 
E. Jefferson City, 857 W. 

Mathewsvii^le, p-v., Pocahontas CO., Va., 194 
w. N. w. Richmond, 221 W. 

Matimc, isl., Lincoln co., Me. 1 sch. Pop. 19. 

Matinicus Rock, Lincoln co.. Me. 1 sch 
Pop. 10. 

Matildaville, p-o., Parishville t., St. Law- 
rence CO., N. Y. 

Mattaponv, r., Va., rises in Spottsylvania co., 
and is formed by the junction of jVlat, Ta, Po, 
and Ny river.s. At the s. e. point of King William 
CO., it unites with Pamunky r. to form York r. 

Matta.misco.ntis, t., Penobscot co., Me. It 
has 1 sch. 2-! scholars. Pop. 97. 

Mattapoisett, p-v., Rochester t., Plymouth 
CO., Mass., 60 Boston, 441 W. Situated on an 
inlet from Buzzard's bay, and contains 3 churches 
— 1 Congregational, 1 Baptist,'! Universalist— 
several stores, and 100 dwellings. The inhabit- 
ants are extensively engaged in the whale 
fishery. 



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Mattawamkeag, p-0., Penobscot co., Me., 
13.) N. E. Augusta, 723 W. 

Matteawan, v., Fishkill t., Dutchess co., N. 
Y. Kituateil on Fishkill cr., li ms. from the 
lauding on Hudson r. It contains the " Highland 
Gymnasium," a boarding school for boys, 2 
churches, G stores, 2 extensive beverteens, 
moleskin, and fustian fac, employing 600 per- 
sons, 1 iron foundry and machine shop, em- 
ploying 400 persons, 1 machine c.ird fac, 1 flour- 
ing m., 200 dwellings, and about 1,800 inhabit- 
ants. The cr. has here a fall of 40 feet, atTurding 
extensive water power, during the whole year. 

Matthew's Store, p-o., Anne Arundel co., 
Md. 

3Iattituck, p-v., Southold t., Suffolk co , 
N. Y., 233 s. s. e. Albany, 313 W. It contains 
a churcli, and 20 or 23 scattered dwellings. 

Matteson, t., Branch co., Mich. It has 1 
sch. 13 scholars. Pop. 170. 

Mauch Chunk, p t., Northampton co.. Pa., 
92 N. e. by e. Harrisburg, 200 vV. The t. be- 
longs chiefly to the Lehigh navigation and coal 
company. 'I'he surliice is mountainous ; soil, 
gravel. Drained by Beaver, 3Iauch Chunk, 
i\es(iuihoning and Kettle creeks, and Room run. 
It contains several villages, connccled with the 
coal business. Mauch Chunk v. is situated on 
the w. bank of Lehigh r., in a deep and romantic 
ravine, between rocky mountains, which rise in 
some parts precipitously, HOJ or 1,000 feet above 
the stream. Jt co.itains 5 churches — 1 Presljy- 
terian, 1 Episcopal. 1 Dutch Relbrmed, 1 Metho- 
dist, and 1 Roman Catholic — 7 stores, 30) dwell- 
ings, and about 1,S00 inhabitants. About 1,2l)0 
of the inhabitants are employed in mining and 
shipping coal, and there is little agricultural cul- 
tivation iu tiie neighborhood, the provisions being 
brouglit from an average distance of 20 miles. 
An inclined plane, 700 leet long, rising 200 feet, 
and a railway, y ms. long, extends to tlie great 
coal mine. About 30 acres have been worked 
from this single vein, and have produced more 
than 1,20o,OUl» tons. Here is a village called 
Coalville, of 40 dwellings, occupied by miners. 
Below Mauch Chunk the coal is conveyed by 
the Lehigh canal. The t. bars 7 stores, cap. 
$41,000; ,} lumber yards, cap. $7,000; I printing 
oflice, 1 weekly newspaper, 1 grist m., 4 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $2^1,000. 6 sch. 363 scholars. 
Pop. 2,193. 

Mauchport, p-v., Harrison co., la., 141 s. 
Indianapolis, 633 W. 

Mau^ding's Mills, p-o., Wayne co., 111., 147 
s. E. Sprhigfield, 766 W. 

IMaumee, r., O., rises in the n. e. part of In- 
diana, and flowing N. E., enters Lake Erie, 
through Maumce bay. It is formed by the junc- 
tion of Little St. Joseph's, St. Mary's, and Great 
and Little Auglaize rivers, is about 100 ms. long, 
and for 3J ms. from its mouth, 70 rods wide. It 
is navigable for schooners and steamboats, 18 
ms. to Perrysburg. In the spring and fall, it is 
boatable 18 ms. above Perrysburg to Fort \\'ayne. 
It furnishes extensive water power. The Wa- 
bash and Erie canal is constructed along its 
banks. The country on its borders is very pro- 
ductive. 

Maumee City, pv., Lucas co., O., 124 n. n. 
w. Columbus, 453 W. Situated on the w. si le 
of Maumee r., at the foot o'' the rapids, at the 
head of navigation from the Lake, for small craft. 
A side cut here connects the canal with the r. 
It contains several stores and warehouses, and a 
considerable number of dwellings. Pop. 810. ' 
It is designed to remove obstructions in the r., so j 
as to open a steamboat navigation to this place. I 
50 



It is laid out on an extensive scale, and promises 
to be a place of importance. 

Maurice, r., Gloucester co., N. J., rises in 
Deptford t., and Franklin t., and flows into Dela- 
ware bay. It is navigable for 20 ms. for vessels 
of 8 J or 100 tons. It has fine embanked mea- 
dows on its borders, and excellent oysters are 
taken at its mouth. In its upper part it affords 
water power. 

Maurice River, t., Cumberland co., N. J., 20 
s. e. Bridgeton. The surface is level ; soil, sandy, 
excepting on the streams, where loam and clay 
are found. Drained by Tuckahoe and Tarkill 
creeks, tributaries of Maurice r., which bounds it 
on the w. Delaware bay bounds it on tbe s. It 
has several villages on Maurice r. There are in 
the t. 6 stores, cap. l$20,750 ; 2 glass houses, 7 
grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. hi manulac. $43,060. 
8 sch. 2-10 scholars. Pop. 2,143. 

Mauricetown, p-v., Downe t., Cumberland 
CO., N. J., 75 s. by w. Trenton, 187 W. It is 
situated on the w. side of Maurice r., 10 or 12 
ms. from its mouth, and contains 1 Methodist 
church, an academy, a store, and 20 dwellings, 
many of them neatly built of brick. 

Maltrv, county, Tenn. Situated a little s. 
w. of the centre of the state, and contains 370 sq. 
ms. Drained by Duck r. and numerous tributa- 
ries. Capital, Columbia. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 2;;,614, sheep 27,291, swine 103,175; 
wheat 13l,0.;7 bush, produced, rye 13,6.9, Ind. 
corn 2,51i,612, oats 2i8, <3S, potatoes 21,616, 
tobacco 51,376 pounds, cotton 2,0Jl,676 ; 34 stores, 
cap. $12\,3M; 2 cotton fac. 796 sp., 10 tanneries, 
'Si distilleries, 23 grist m., 20 saw m., 2 printing 
offices, 2 weekly and 2 periodical newspapers. 
Cap. in manulac. $5J,555. 1 college, 83 stu- 
dents, 7 acad. 326 students, 2i sch. iJ'd scholars. 
Pop. whites 17,09J, slaves 10,002, free col'd 94 ; 
total, 28, Ic'.O. 

Mavais, p-o.. Gasconade co.. Mo., 28 e. Jef- 
ferson City, 964 VV. 

Maxataw.w, t., Berks co.. Pa., 74 n. e. Har- 
risburg, 163 W. The surface is level ; soil, cal- 
careous loam and gravel, and highly productive. 
Drained by Maiden cr. and its tributary, Sa- 
cony cr., which afford water power. The v. of 
Kuiztown in the t., contains 1 Lutheran church, 
3 stores, and 100 dwellings. There is another 
church in the t., common to Presbyterians and 
Lutherans. There are in the t. 3 stores, cap. 
$18,000; 1 tannery, 1 grist m. Cap. in manufac. 
$800. Pop. 1,8J7. 

3Iaxfield, pt., Penobscot co.. Me., 112 n. x\. 
w. Augusta, 707 VV. The soil is fertile, ad.ipted 
to grain. Watered by Piscataquis r. and Seboois 
stream. It has 4 saw m. Cap. in manui'ac. 
$3,500. 4 sch 83 scholar.';. Pop. 183. 

Maxville, p-v., Sussex co., M. J. 

Maxwell's Store, p o., Mecklenburg co., 
N. C, i63 w. s. w. Raleigh, 404 W. 

Ma V, (cape) N. J. Situated on the n. e. side of 
Delaware bay, in 3S° 56' n. lat., and 74"^ 56' w. 
Ion. A light-house stimds on the point. It received 
its name from v ornelius May, a Dutch navigator, 
who visited the bay in i6^3. 

Maybi.nto.v, p-v., iVewberry dist., S. C, 45 
w. Columbia, 488 W. 

Mayfield, p-t., Somerset co.. Me., 52 .n. Au- 
gusta, 657 W. Situated on the e. side of Kenne- 
bec r., 10 ms. distant from it. Incorporated in 
1835. It has 1 saw m., 2 sch. 60 scholars. Pop. 143 

Mayfield, p-t., Fulton co., N. Y., 8 n. e. 
Johnstown, 5i n. w. Albany, 422 VV. The sur- 
face is hilly and mountainous; soil, sandy and 
clay loam. Drained by branches of Sacaiidaga 
r. The v. contains 1 church, I store, 23 dwell- 



MA.Y 



394 



MEC 



ings, and about 150 inhabitants. There are in 
the t. 4 stores, cap. $9,300 ; 2 fulling m., 2 cotton 
fac, 2 tanneries, 2 paper fac, 4 grist m., 18 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $66,854. 13 sch. 536 
scholars. Pop. 2,615. 

Mayfield, p-o.. Isle of Wight co., Va., 81 s. 
E. Richmond, 197 W. 

Mayfield, p-v., capital of Graves co., Ky., 
275 w. s. w. Frankfort, 802 W. Situated on a 
branch of Mayfield's r. It contains a court house 
and jail of brick, 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist 
church, 3 stores, 25 dwellings, and about 150 in- 
habitants. 

Mayfield, p-t., Cuyahoga co., O., 161 n. n. e. 
Columbus, 349 W. Watered by Chagrine r., on 
which is situated the v. of Gates' Mills. It con- 
tains 2 grist m. and 8 saw m. The t. has 2 stores, 
cap. .$2,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tan- 
neries, 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$5,400. 6 sch. 280 scholars. Fop. 851. 

Mayfield, p-o., Warren co., Ga., 35 E, n. e. 
Milledgeville, 636 W. Situated on e. side of 
the Ogeechee r. It has 3 or 4 dwellings. 

Mahew, p-o., Lowndes co.. Miss., 157 n. e. 
Jackson, 900 W. 

Mayo, p o., Halifax co., Va., 143 s. w. Rich- 
mond, 2.iO W. 

Mayoning, p-v., Patrick co., Va., 217 w. s. vv. 
Richmond, 2'-J2, W. Situated on a branch of N . 
Mayo r. 

May River, p-o., Beaufort dist., S. C, 164 s. 
Columbia, 651 W. 

May's Landing, p-v., Hamilton t., capital of 
Atlantic co., N. J., 73 s. Trenton, 183 W. Situ- 
ated on Great Egg Harbor r., at the head of 
sloop navigation, 16 ms. from the ocean. It is 
built on both sides of the r., and contains a court 
house, 1 Methodist cliurch, 4 stores, and about 3.) 
dwellings. Ship building is carried on here. It 
has considerable trade in wood and lumber. 

May's Lick, p-o.. Mason co., Ky., 70 e. n. e. 
Frankfort, 473 W. 

3Iaysville, p-v., capital of Buckingham co., 
Va., 7-J w. Richmond, 153 W. Situated on the s. 
E. side of Slate r. It contains a court house, 5 
stores, and about 300 inhabitants. 

Maysville, p-v., Greenbrier co., Va., 232 w. 
Richmond, 269 W. 

Maysville, t., Morgan co., O. It has 2 grist 
m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,000. 6 sch. 
175 scholars. Pop. 1,159. 

Maysville, city. Mason co., Ky., 81 n. e. by 
E. Frankfort, 461 W. It is situated on the s. 
side of Ohio r., on a narrow bottom between the 
r. and the high hills wiiich rise in its rear. It 
has 3 streets, running parallel with the r., and 4 
crossing them at right angles. It contains 3 
churches, 1 acad., 70 students, 3 sch. 200 scholars, 
about 5 10 dwellings, and 2,741 inhabitants. It 
has a good harbor for boats. Most of the goods 
imported into the n. e. parlof the state are landed 
here. Thi^re were in i840, 9 commission hou:=es, 
cap. $111,600; 29 stores, cap. $133,000; alum- 
bar yards, cap. $10,500; 1 cotton fac. 1,100 sp., 
1 tannery, 1 brewery, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m., 2 
priming offices, 3 weekly and 1 semi-weekly 
newspapers. Cap. in man n fac. $94,300. 

Maysville, p-v., L>ick.son co., Tenn., 49 w. 
Nashville, 733 W. 

Maysville, p v., Fountain co., la., 84 w. n. 
W. Indianapolis, 642 W. 

Maysvillk, p v., capital of Clay CO., 111., 122 
S. E. Springfield, 733 W. Situated on the border 
of Twelve Mile prairie, near ihe Little Wabash 
r. It contains a court house, 3 stores, and about 
25 dwellings. 

Mayville, p-v., Chautuuque t,, capital of 



Chautauque co., N. Y., 344 w. by. s. Albany* 
339 W. Situated at the n. end of Chautauque 
lake. It contains a neat court house, and jail of 
stone, 4 churches, an academy, 8 stores, 80 dwell- 
ings, and about 500 inhabitants. A steamboat 
plies on the lake, 32 ms. between this place and 
Jamestown. 

Maytown, p-v., Donnegal t., Lancaster co., 
Pa., 30 s. E. by e. Harrisburg, 108 W. Situated 
3 ms. N. E. of Susquehanna r. It has several 
stores, and about 30 dwellings. 

Medois Farm, p-o., Muskingum co., O., 60 e. 
Columbus, 345 W. 

Mead, county, Ky. Situated in the n. part of 
the state, on Ohio r., and contains 360 sq. ms. 
Watered by Otter cr.. Spring cr., and other small 
tributaries of the Ohio. Capital, Brandenburg 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,714, sheep 
7,045, swine 12,586; wheat 41,5.17 bush, pro- 
duced, rye 2,208, Ind. corn 19J,223, oats 75,529, 
potatoes 9,199, tobacco 170,464 pounds ; 17 stores, 
cap. $59,400; 2 lumber yards, cap. $1,980; 1 
fulling in., 2 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 1,370 sp., 
2 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 5 flouring m., 4 grist m., 
5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. .$lu3,150. 10 sch. 
257 scholars. Pop. whites 4,366, slaves 1,409, 
free col'd 5 ; total, 5,780. 

Mead, t., Crawford co.. Pa. It has 1 pottery, 
1 paper fac, 1 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $6,900. 1 college, 143 students, 1 sch. 20 
scholars. Pop. 1,697. 

Mead, t., Belmont co., O. Situated a little w. 
of Ohio r. Drained by Pipe or., which affords 
water power. It has 3 sch. 81 scholars. Pop. 
1,496. 

Mead's Basin, p-o., Passaic co., N. J., 73 N. N. 
E. Trenton, 214 W. 

Mead's Creek, p-o.. Orange t., Steuben co., 
N. v., 211 w. by s. Albany, 300 W. 

Meadowville, p-v.. Smith co., Tenn., 55 e. 
N. E. Nashville, 65S W. It contains 1 church, 1 
store, and several dwellings. 

Meadville, p-b., and capital of Crawford co., 
Pa., 231 N. w. by w. Harrisburg, 307 W. Situ- 
ated on the E. side of French cr. The town plat 
gradually rises from the r. to its centre, where is 
a handsome public square of 5 acres, on the e. 
side of which is an elegant court house, of brick 
and cut stone, ornamented with a handsome cu- 
pola. It contains 7 churches, 1 Baptist, 1 Epis- 
copal, 2 Presbyterian, 1 Cum'd do , I Methodist, 
1 Unitarian, an academy, and a state arsenal. 
It is the seat of Alleghany College, which was 
founded in 1815, has a president, and 4 professors 
or other instructors, 100 students, and 8,000 vols, 
in its libraries: a portion of the students adopt 
I the manual labor system. It has 14 stores, cap. 
$104,300; 1 fulling mill, 2 furnaces, 3 tanneries, 
1 distillery, 2 printing offices, 2 weekly news- 
papers, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$30,055. 3 schools, 163 scholars. Pod. 1.319. 

Meadville, p-v., Halifax co., Va., 136 s. w. 
Richmond, 223 W. 

Meadville, p-v., capital of Franklin co., Miss., 
8) s. w. Jackson, 1,!j9j W. Situated on the w. 
side of llomochitio r., and contains a court house, 
and a few dwellings. 

Meansville, p-v.. Union dist., S. C, 81 n. w. 
Columbia, 475 W. 

Meahs Farm, p-o., Hamilton co., O., 130 s. w. 
Columbus, 504 W. 

Mecca, p-t., Trumbull co., O., 180 n. e. Co- 
lumbus, 314 W. It has 7 sch. 244 scholars. Pop. 
6;U. 

Mechanic,!., Holmes co., O. It has 4 grist 
m., 4 saw in. Cap. in manufac $S,416. Pop. 
1,403. 



MEC 



895 



MED 



Mechanic Grove, p-o., Clarke co., Ala., 126 
s. Tuscaloosa, 918 W. 

Mechanicsburg, p-b., Cumberland co., Pa.. 9 
E. Carlisle, 6 s. w. Harrisburg, 105 W. It con- 
tains a church, and about 10 ) dwelling.'?. Incor- 
porated in I8i-t. It has 4 stores, cap. !iii25,00U ; 1 
tannery, 3 distilleries, 1 printing office. 1 weekly 
newspaper, 9 flouring m., 6 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $14,845. 4 sch. 200 scholars. Pop. 
670. 

3Iecha\!csburg, p-v., Goshen t., Champaign 
CO., O., 36 w. by n. Columbus, 429 W. Situated 
near the head of Little Darby cr., and contains 
5 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 35 dwellings, and 
258 inhabitants. 

Mechanicsburg, p-v., Giles co., Va., 248 w. 
RicluTiond, 3)8 W. 

Mechanicsburg, p-v., Sangamon co., 111., 15 

K. Springfield, 765 W. Situated in a prairie, near 

Clear cr. 

Mechanics Falls, p-v., C'umberland co.. Me. 

Mechanics Hill, p-o., Moore co., N. C, 79 

s. w. Raleigh, 353 W. 

Mechanicstown, p-v., Frederick co., Md., 89 
N. w. Annapolis, 60 W. 

Mechanicstown, p-v.. Fox t., Carroll co., O., 
133 E. N. E. Columbus. 

Mechanicsville, p v., Rutland co., Vt., 82 s. 
S. w. Montpelier, 465 W. 

Mechamcville, p-v., Stillwater t., Saratoga 
CO., N. Y., 19 N. Albany, 33J W. Situated on 
the w. side Hudson r. and contains 2 churches, 
5 stores, 1 cotton lac, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., and 1 
plaster ra. The Champlain canal passes through 
it. 

Mechanicsville, p-o., Bucks co.. Pa., 104 e. 
Harrisburg, 166 W. 

3Iechanicsville, p-v., Louisa co., Va., 70 n. 
w. Richmond, 114 W. 

Mechanicsville, p-v., Sumter dist., S. C, 78 
E. Columbia, 504 W. 

Mechanicsville, p-v., Jasper co., Ga., 45 w. 
Milledgeville, 652 W. Situated H ms. e. of the 
Ocuiulgee r. 

Mechanicsville, p-v., Rutherford co., Tenn., 
30 s. E. Nashville, 6S0 W. 
Mechan:c.wille, p-v., Kemper co., Miss. 
3IECHISSF.S, p-t., Wasliington co.. Me., 157 e. 
by n. Augusta, 743 W. Situated on both sides 
of E. Machias r. which affords extensive water 
power. The v. at the falls is at the head of tide- 
water, and contains various mills, and Washing- 
ton Academy, which has an edifice 59 by 38 
feet, 2 stories high, a library and philosophical 
apparatus, and a productive fund of .$14,000. 
The t. contains 12 stores, cap. §50,000 ; 1 fulling 
m., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 14 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. §46,150. 1 acad. 161 students, 8 sch. 
46J scholars. Pop. 1,395. 

Mecklenburg, county, Va. Situated in the s. 
part of the state, and contains 610 sq. ms. Staun- 
ton and Dan rivers unite in tiie w. part of tliis co., 
to form the Roanoke r., by which, and its tributa- 
ries, it is watered. Meherin r. forms its n. 
boundary. Capital, Boydton. There were in 
1340, neat cattle 13,93S, sheep 14,109, swine 



branches of which it is watered. Surface undu- 
lating, soil, very productive. It contains several 
rich gold mines. Capital, Charlotte. There 
were in 1S40, neat cattle 18,541, sheep 19,519, 
swine 33,065 ; wheat 78,315 bush, produced, 
rye 2,0 J5, Ind. corn 5S6,92-J, oats 61,407, potatoes 
14,412, cotton 1,595,3^7 poimds ; 32 stores, cap. 
$179,7 :i8 ; 2 smelting houses for goid, 9 tanneries, 
15 distilleries, 11 flouring m., 23 grist m., 3i saw 
m., 1 printing office, 1 bindery, 1 weekly news- 
paper. Cap. in manufac. $16,63). 1 college, 
SI students, 5 acad. 181 students, 25 sch. 475 
scliolars. Pop. wliites 11,830, slaves 6,322, free 
col'd 101 ; total, 18,273. 

Mecklenburg, p-v.. Hector t., Tompkins co., 
N. Y., 174 w. by s. Albany, 307 W. It contains 
3 cliurciies — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, and 1 
Methodist — 3 stores, 1 grist in., 3 saw m., 1 
clothier's works, 1 tannery, 1 pump lac, 1 buck- 
skin mitten and glove fac, 59 dwellings, and 
about 350 inhabitants. 

Mecklenburg, p-v., Knox co., Tenn., 12 e. 
by s. Kno,xville, 183 E. Nashville, 503 W. Situ- 
ated on tiie E. side of Ilolston r., a little above 
the junction of French Broad r. 

Mecostv, county, Mich. In tlie central part 
of the state, drained by the Maskegon r. and 
branches. It is unorganized. 

Medfield, p-i., Norfolk CO., Ma.ss., 21 s. s. w. 
Bo.ston, 425 W. Watered by Charles and Stop 
rivers. Chartered in 1539. Tiie v. contains 1 
Congregational, 1 Unitarian, and 1 Baptist church, 
and about 40 dwellings. One mile e. of the v. is 
one of the oldest houses in New England, which 
was known to be standing when most of the t. 
was burned by the Indians in 1676. It is one 
story high, with a sleep roof, sufficiently iiigh for 
2 other stories. It is a curious relic of antiquity. 
The t. has 2 stores, cap. $3,000 ; 6 grist m., 5 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,000. 3 sch. 190 
scholars. Pop. 833. 

Medford, p-t., 3Iiddlesex co., Mass., 5 n. w. 
Boston, 445 W. Situated at the head of naviga- 
tion, on IMystic r. The soil is fertile and highly 
cultivated. It contains many fine country seats. 
It has considerable ship building. The v. con- 
tains 4 churches — 1 Congregational, 1 Tnitarian, 
1 Methodist, and 1 Universalist. The Middlesex 
canal passes through tlie t. There are 9 stores, 
cap. $27,600 ; 2 lumber yards, cap. $33,000 ; 1 
tannery, 1 distillery, 1 pottery, 1 grist in., 2 saw 
m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $117,037. 1 acad. 
48 students, 8 sch. 579 scholars. Pop. 2,473. 

Medford, p-v., Evesham t., Burlington co., N. 
J., 31 s. E. Trenton, 155 W. It contains 1 large 
Friends church, 4 stores, and about 40 dwellings. 

Medicinal Springs, p-o.. Walker co., Ga., 
209 N. w. Milledgeville, 630 W. 

Medicine Creek, p-o., Livingston co.. Mo., 
151 N. w. Jefferson City, 1,045 W. 

Medina, county, O. Situated in the n. part 
of the state, and contains 425 sq. ms. Drained 
by the head waters of Black and Rocky rivers. 
The surface is moderately uneven, and the soil 
is fertile. Capital, Medina. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 19,263, sheep 31,450, swine 2J,939; 



31,938 ; wheat 77,444 bush, produced, Ind. corn i wheat 219,433 bush, produced, rye 5,339, Indi.an 



472,315, oats 221,107, potatoes 25,107, tobacco 
4,124,131 pounds, cotton 19,051; 30 stores, cap. 
$303,100; 1 furnace, 4 tanneries, 17 flouring m., 
32 grist m., 19 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $43,923. 
1 college, 8 ) students, 7 acad. 136 students, 15 
sch. 331 scholars. Pop. whites 7,754. slaves 
11,915, free col'd 1,055; total, 20,724. 

Mecklenburg, county, N. C. Situated to- 
ward the s. w. part of the state, and contains 900 



corn 188,460, buckwheat 5,320, b:iriey 3,175, oats 
133,563, potatoes 112,664, sugar 3i5,501 pounds ; 
31 stores, cap. $]:)3,900; 1 furnace, 8 fulling m., 
1 woollen fac, 17 tanneries, 1 distillery, 14 grist 
m., 51 saw m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly news- 
papers. Cap. in manufac. $107,92S. 2 acad. 99 
students, 97 sch. 3,743 scholars. Pop. 18,352. 

Medina, p-v., Ridgeway t., Orleans co., N. 
Y., 262 w. by n. Albany, 397 W. Situated on 



sq. ms. Catawba r. runs on its w. border, by ; the Erie canal, at the junction of Oak Orchard 



ME[ 



396 



MEN 



cr., which is used as a feeder. Incorporated in 
1832. It contains 5 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 
Episcopal, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, and 1 Roman 
Calhohc — 15 stores, 6 warehouses, 3 flouring m., 

3 saw m., 1 tannery, 1 brewery, 1 furnace, 1 
clothier's works, 130 dwellings, and about 800 
inii;ibitants. 

Medina, pt., and capital of Medina co., O., 117 
N. E. by N. Columbus. 3.31 W. The v. is situated 
on a commanding eminence, and contains a hand- 
some brick court house, in which the public offi- 
ces are kept, a brick jail, 2 churches, 10 stores, 
cap. $34,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 distillery, 3 grist m., 

4 saw m. C^ap. in manufac. $1,200. 2 sch. 147 
scholars. Pop. 675. There are in the t., exclu- 
sive of the v., 1 slorc, cap. $1,000; 2 fulling m., 

1 woollen fac, 1 distillery, 5 sch. 199 scholars. 
Pop. 896. 

Medixa, p-t., Lenawee co., Mich., 81 s. w. 
Detroit, 510 W. The soil is fertile, adapted to 
grain. It has 3 stores, cap. $3,700; 1 distillery, 

2 grist m., 4 saw m. 6 sch. 165 scholars. Pop. 760. 

Medo.v, p-o., Madison co., Tenn., 146 w. s. w. 
Nashville, 831 VV. 

Medvvay, p-t., Norfolk co., Mass., 23 s. w. 
Boston, 413 VV. Watered by Charles r., which 
afTords good water power. The v. contains 3 
stores, 3 cotton fac, 1 woollen fac, and 40 dwejl- 
ing.s. The t. contains 4 churches — 2 Congrega- 
tional, 1 Unitarian, and 1 Baptist. Incorporated 
in 1713. The t. has 8 stores, cap. $12,i50; 6 
cotton fac. 2,85'J sp., 4 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac i|36,8i)0. 3 acad. 150 students, 8 sch. 
495 scholars. Pop. 2,043. 

Meuway, v.. Liberty co., Ga. Situated on the 
stage road from Savannah to Darien, and con- 
tains a church and several dwellings. 

Medybemps, p o., Washington co.. Me. 

IVIeegisse, county, Mich. Situated on the e. 
of Grand Traverse bay. It contains several lakes 
and small streams. (Unorganized.) 

MEEii's Hill, p-o., York dist., S. C, 86 n. 
Columbia, 437 W. 

Meesville, p-v., Roane co., Tenn., 142 e. by 
s. Nashville, 551 W. 

Meherin, r., Va., rises in Charlotte co., and 
running e. through several counties, enters N. 
C, and unites witli Nottawayr. to form Chowan r. 

Meiioopanv, p-o., Luzerne co.. Pa., 160 n. w. 
Harrisburg. 

3Ieigs, county, O. Situated in the s. E. part 
of the state, bounded e. by Ohio r., and contain 
4^5 sq. ms. Watered by Shade and Leading 
creeks. Organized in 1819. Capital, Chester 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 9,747, sheep 
16,i60, swine 12,427 ; w'heat 93,5.J5 bush prod., 
Indian corn 193,327, oats 72,059, potatoes 34,90^ ; 
35 stores, cap. $44,350 ; 1 fulling m., 9 tanneries, 
1 distillery, 2 flouring m., 21 grist m., 33 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $106,720. 82 sch. 2,601 schol- 
ars. Pop. 11,452. 

Meigs, county, Tenn. Situated in the s. e. 
part of the state, and contains 215 sq. ms. The 
Tennessee r. bounds it on the w. Surface, hilly ; 
soil, fertile. Capital, Decatur. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 5,163, sheep 4,242, swine 17, 141 ; 
wheat 26,926 bush, produced, rye 2,108, Indian 
corn 307,789, oats 51,362, potatoes 4,038, tobacco 
19,565 pounds, cotton 10,773 ; 12 stores, capital 
$30,550; 1 forge, 7 tanneries, 23 distilleries, 15 
grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $25,708. 
14 sch. 'Mb scholars. Pop. whites 4,493, slaves 
234, free col'd 12 ; total, 4,794. 

Meigs, t., Adams co., O. Situated a few miles 
N. E. of West Union. It has 5 stores, cap. $4,200: 
1 furnace, 1 flouring m., 2 grist m. Cap. in man- 
izfac. $1,450. 1 sch. 24 scholars. Pop. 1,063. 



Meigs Creek, p-o., Morgan co., O., 78 e. by 
s. Columbus, 333 W. 

Meigsville, p-v., Jackson co., Tenn., 82 e. by 
N. Nashville, 639 W. Situated on w. side of 
Cumberland r. 

Meleck's Mills, p-o., Perry co., O., 54 e. 
Columbus, 365 W. 

Mellonville, p-v., Claverack t., Columbia 
CO., N. Y,, 37 .s. Albany, 349 W. It contains 1 
church, 1 store, 2 flouring m., 1 carpet fac, and a 
few dwellings. 

Melmore, p-v., Eden t., Seneca co., 0., 82 n. 
Columbus, 416 W. Situated on the n. bank of 
Honey cr. 

Meluose, p-v., Clarke co., III., 152 e. s. e. 
Spruigfield, 636 VV. It contains about 20 dwell- 
ings. 

Meltonsville, p-v., Anson co., N. C, 160 s. 
vv. by w. Raleigh, 454 W. 

Meltonsville, p-v., Marshall co., Ala., 169 
N. E Tuscaloosa, 637 VV. 

Melvin Village, p-v., Strafford co., N. H., 
49 E. by s. Concord, 530 W. 

Memphis, p-v., Shelby co., Tenn., 230 w. s. vv. 
Nashville, 915 W. Situated on an elevated 
bluff on the Mississippi r., immediately below the 
mouth of Wolf or Loosahalchie river. It is regu- 
larly laid out, and contains 4 churches — 1 Pres- 
byterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Methodist, and 1 Roman 
Catholic — 1 academy, 3 printing oflices, each 
issuing a weekly newspaper, 53 stores, 550 dwell- 
ings, und 3,300 inhabitants. Its commerce is ex- 
tensive, being equal to that of any town between 
St. Louis and New Orleans. A railroad is in 
operation to Lagrange, a part of the Charleston 
and Memphis railroad. 

Me.mpiiis, p-v., Lewis co.. Mo., 184 n. by e. 
Jefferson City, 951 W. 

Mempiire.magog, lake, Vt., is between 30 and 
40 miles long, and from 2 to 3 miles wide, and 
lies mostly in Canada, only 7 or 8 miles of the 
s. end being in Vt. It covers about 15 sq. miles 
in Vt., and receives Clyde, Barton, and Black 
rivers. Its waters are discharged through St. 
Francis r. into Laiie St. Peters, an e.xpansion of 
St. Lawrence r., 15 miles below the mouth of 
Sorell r. On an island, 2 miles within the Can- 
ada line, is found a quarry of novacidate, known 
by the name of " magog oil stone," wliich is in 
high repute. 

Menallen', p-t., Adams co., Pa., 43 s. w. Har- 
risburg, 89 W. It has 6 stores, cap. $12,500; 1 
fulling ni., 1 distillery, 8 flouring m., 8 grist m., 
23 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac $5,000. 
11 sch. 440 scholars. Pop. 2,269. 

3Ienallan, t., Fayette co.. Pa. It has 3 stores, 
cap. $5,300; 1 tannery, 1 pottery, 3 grist m., 5 
saw m. Cap. in manufac $3,870. 5 sch. 169 
scholars. Pop. 1,377. 

Menan, Petit, or Little Menaa island. Me., 
lies off the harbor of Steuben, in the Atlantic, 3 
s. s. E. Goldsborough harbor. It has a light- 
house, the tower of which is 25 feet high. Grand 
Menan, a large island, lies off Passamaquoddy 
bay, and is in the British dominions. 

Menases Gap, p o., Warren co., Va., 136 n. by 
w. Richmond, 79 VV. 

Me.n'ard, county. III. Situated a little n. w. 
of the centre of the state, and contains 260 square 
miles. Drained by Sangamon r. and its branches. 
Capital, Petersburg. I'here were in 1340, neat 
cattle 7,096, sheep 6,244, swine 23,000; wheat 
21,671 bu.sh. produced, Indian corn 39.1,90), oats 
55,150, potatoes 13,352, tobacco 2,190 pounds : 6 
stores, cap. $25,300 ; 2 woollen fac, 3 distilleries, 
3 flouring m., 7 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $20,100. 17 sch. 407 scholars. Pop. 4,431. 



MEN 



397 



MER 



Mendiiam, pt., IMorris co., N. J., 56 n. Tren- 
ton, 230 W. The surface is hilly, and on the n. 
mountainous ; soil, clay and calcareous loam. 
Drained by head waters of the n. branch of Rari- 
tan r., and by branches of Whippany r. The v. 
contains I Presbyterian churcli, a boarding school 
for boys, 3 stores, 1 grist m., and about 50 dwell- 
ings. Thei-e are in the t. 4 stores, cap. §8,200 ; 

1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 308 sp., 

2 tanneries, 4 distilleries, 2 grist m., 1 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $29,800. 3 acnd. 95 students, 
5 schools 183 scholars. Pop. 1,378. 

3IENDON, t., Rutland co., V't., 8 e. Rutland, 47 
s. Mnntpelier. The surface is mountainous ; soil, 
cold, and adapted to grazing. Incorporated in 
1804, by the name of Parkerstown. Drained by 
branches of Otter Creek r. It has 1 tannery, 9 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $19,075. 6 sch. 185 
scholars. Pop. 545. 

Mendon, p-t., Worcester co., Mass., 33 s. w. 
Boston, 406 W. The surface is hilly and broken ; 
soil, generally fertile. Watered by 3Iill and 
Blackstone rivers. There are 9 churches — 3 Con- 
gregational, 2 Restorationist, 1 Free-will Baptist, 
2 Friends, and 1 unoccupied. The v., at the cen- 
tre, contains 3 churches, and about 50 dwellings. 
It is on a commanding eminence, with a fine 
prospect to the e. The t. is the oldest, except 
Lancaster, in the co., having been chartered in 
1667. Blackstone canal crosses the s. w. part. 
It has 10 stores, capital $17,800; 5 fulling m., 4 
woollen fac, 6 cotton fac. 19,008 sp., 1 printing 
office, 1 weekly newspaper, 5 grist m., 6 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $420,075. 2 acad. 58 students, 
10 sch. 215 scholars. Pop. 3,524. 

BIendon, p-t., Monroe co., N. Y., 12 s. Roches- 
ter, 210 w. by N. Albany, 356 W. The surface 
is undulating; soil, argillaceous and calcareous 
loam. Drained by Honeoye and Irondequoit 
creeks. The v., situated on the latter, was in- 
corporated in 1833, and contains 1 Presbyterian 
and 1 Baptist church, an academy, 3 stores, 1 
grist m., 35 dweUings, and about 250 inhabitants. 
There arc in the t. 7 stores, cap. $27,000 ; 1 full- 
ing m., 2 woollen fac, 1 furnace, 2 tanneries, 1 
grist m. 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $117,616. 
2 acad. 309 students, 22 sch. 1,178 scholars. Pop. 
3,435. 

Mendon, p-o., Mercer co., O., 123 w. n. w. 
Columbus, 495 W. 

Mendon, po., Lenawee co., Mich., 75 s. w. 
Detroit, 515 W. 

Mendon, p-v., Adams co., 111., 116 w. Spring- 
field, 8J4 W. 

Mentor, p-t.. Lake co., O., 169 n. e. Colum- 
bus, 355 W. Situated on the s. shore of Lake 
Erie. First settled in 1797. It has 2 saw m. Cap. 
in mannfoc. $1,135. 13sch.556 schl's. Pop. 1,245. 

Menomonee, r., Mich., rises in the country s. 
of Lake Superior, and rims e. by s. about 100 
ms., and enters Green Bay. It forms the s. 
boundary of the upper peninsula, separating it 
from Wisconsin. 

Menomonee, t., iMilwaukee co., Wis. Pop. 59. 

Mentz, t., Cayuga co., N. Y., 8 n. n. w. Au- 
burn, 156 w. Albany. The surface is undulat- 
ing; soil, a fertile gravelly and sandy loam. 
Watered by Owasco inlet and Seneca r., which 
bounds it w. and n. The Erie canal passes 
through its centre, crossing Owasco inlet by a 
stone aqueduct. j>Iontezuma salt works lie a 
little N. of the canal, and are connected with it 
by a side cut. It has 25 stores, cap. $65,450 ; 2 
commission houses, cap. $4,000; 4 fulling m., 2 
woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 3 grist in., 
10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $135 052. 20 sch. 
1,326 scholars. Pop. 4,215. 



MEati.vNEGo, t.., Milwaukee co., Wis. It has 2 
stores, cap. $5,500. Pop. 172. 

Mequon River, po., Washington co , Wis., 
97 E. by N. MadLson, 819 W. 

Mercer, county, N. J. Situated in the w. 
part of the state, and contains 260 sq. ms. Dela- 
ware r. bounds it on the s. w. Drained by As- 
sunpink cr. and its branches, which flow into 
Delaware r., and by a head branch of Millstone 
r., which flows into Raritan r. Capital, Trenton. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 8,036, sheep 
8,642, swine 12,758; wheat 43,486 bush, pro- 
duced, rye 48,399, Ind. com 179,739 buckwheat 
32,852, barley 1,767, oats 216,8SS, potatoes 57,531 ; 
106 stores, cap. $397,950 ; 8 lumber yards, cap. 
$62,500; 3 furnaces, 5 fulling m., 4 woollen fac, 
7 cotton fac 6,500 sp., 4 dyeing and printing estab., 
13 tanneries, 11 distilleries, 1 brewery, 1 pottery, 
1 rope fac, 9 flouring m., 23 grist m., 22 saw m., 
3 oil m., 3 paper fac, 6 printing offices, 4 binde- 
ries, 3 weekly and 1 seiui-weekly newspapers. 
Cap. in manufac. $997,355. 8 acad. 279 students, 
49 sch. 1,472 scholars. Pop. 21,502. 

Mercer, county. Pa. Situated in the w. part 
of the state, and contains 859 sq. ms. Tlie sur- 
face is uneven ; soil, fertile, adapted to grain, but 
better to grazing. Watered by Shenango cr. 
and its branches, by Mahoning r., and by Deer, 
Sandy, and Slippery Rock creeks. Capital. Mer- 
cer. There were in 1840, neat cattle 63,337, 
sheep 47,006, swine 47,006 ; wheat 310,015 bush, 
produced, rye 89,877, Ind. corn 254,218, buck- 
wheat 112,817, barley 1,324, oats 442,865, pota- 
toes 331,655, sugar 121,214 pounds ; 95 stores, cap. 
$217,193; 1 lumber yard, cap. $1,200 ; 19 full- 
ing m., 5 woollen fac, 35 tanneries, 12 distilleries, 
3 potteries, 3 printing offices, 3 weekly newspa- 
pers, 1 flouring m., 73 grist m., 128 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $66,545. 2 acad. 150 students, 207 
sch. 7,746 scholars. Pop. 32,873. 

Mercer, county, Va. Situated toward the s. 
w. part of the state, and contains 540 sq. ms. 
New River nms on its e. border. Drained by 
Blue Stone, and East r., and Lick cr., which flow 
into New r. Capital, Princeton. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 2,999, sheep 3,825, swine 
5,166; wheat 13,229 bush, produced, rye 4,711, 
Ind. corn 56,254, buckwheat 1,175, oats 28,265, 
potatoes 7,901, tobacco 3,373 pounds, sugar 8,242; 
1 store, cap. $4,500 ; 13 grist m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $65,395. 1 sch. 24 scholars. Pop. whites 
2,127, slaves 98, free col'd 8 ; total, 2,233. 

Mercer, county, Ky. Centrally situated to- 
ward the E. part of the state, and contains 225 sq. 
ms. Drained by the head waters of Salt r. The 
soil is very fertile. Capital, Harrodsburg. Tiiere 
were in 1840, neat cattle 16,778, sheep 29,052, 
swine 49,032 ; wheat 99,305 bush, produced, rye 
36,431, Ind. corn 3,397,406, oats 181,039, potatoes 
23,531, tobacco 64,747 pounds, sugar 12,314 ; 35 
stores, cap. $187,650 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen 
fac, 3 cotton fac 1,040 sp., 9 tanneries, 6 distille- 
ries, 1 powder m., 9 flouring m., 49 grist m., 21 
saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 
(^ap. in manufac. $163,299. 2 colleges, 24 stu- 
dents, 3 acad. 140 students, 30 sch. 726 scholars. 
Pop. whites 13,061, slaves 5,286, free col'd 373; 
total, 18,720. 

3Iercer, county, O. Sititated in the w. part 
of the state, and contains 576 sq. ms. The sur- 
face is level ; soil, very fertile. Stones are rarely 
found on the surface. Drained by St. Mary's 
and Wabash rivers, and their tributaries. Capi- 
tal, Celina. There were in 1810, neat cattle 
4,224, sheep 1,449, swine 6,907; wheat 18,596, 
bush, produced, Ind. corn 156,693, oats 31,937, 
po:4itoes 11,943; 21 stores, cap. $35,720; 1 wool- 



MER 



398 



MER 



len f'ac, 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $14,000. 12 sch. 400 scholars. Pop. 
8,277. 

Mercer, county. 111. Situated toward the n. 
w. part of the state, on the Mississippi r., and 
contains 550 sq. ms. Drained by Edwards and 
Pope rivers, and the n. fbrlv of Henderson's r. 
In the middle and e. parts are extensive prairies. 
There are large tracts of timber along the Missis- 
sippi r. The surface is undulating, and the .'oil 
A'ery fertile. Capital, Millersburg. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 3,072, sheep ],6SS, swine 
9,339; wheat 27,103 bush, produced, rye 1,701, 
Ind. corn 111,430, oats 20,596, potatoes 11,852, 
sugar 1,735 pounds; 10 stores, cap. $23,850; 2 
woollen fac, 1 distillery, 2 grist m., 11 saw m. 
Cap. in nianufac. $22,525. 15 sch. 320 scholars. 
Pop. 2,352. 

AIercer, p-t., Somerset co.. Me., 34 n. n. w. 
Augusta, 627 W. Sandy r. runs through its n. 
w. corner. It has 2 large ponds connected to- 
gether, on its s. border, on the margin of one of 
which is a pleasant village. Incorporated in 
1804. The soil is fertile, adapted to grain. It 
has 2 stores, cap. $1,400; 2 grist m., 3 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $1,451. 11 sch. 616 scholars. 
Pop. 1,432. 

Mercer, p-b., Springfield t., capital of Mercer 
CO., Pa., 57 N. by w. Pittsburg, 234 w. n. w. Har- 
risburg, 277 W. Situated near Neohannock cr. 
Incorporated in 1814. It contains a court house, 
jail, an academy, 4 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 
Union, 1 Methodist, and 1 Associate Reformed — a 
manufactory of copperas ; 18 stores, cap. $43,220 ; 
2 tanneries, 1 pottery, 2 printing offices, 2 weekly 
newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $15,086. 1 acad. 
100 students, 4 sch. 13S scholars. Pop. 781. 

Mercer, t., Butler co.. Pa. It has 6 stores, 
cap. $20,000; 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 2 dis- 
tilleries, 1 pottery, 4 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $10,815. 8 sch. 496 scholars. Pop. 
1,233. 

Mercer, p-o., Mercer co., O., 119 w. n. w. 
Columbus, 499 W. 

Mercersburg, p-b., Montgomery t., Frankhn 
CO., Pa., 15 s. w. Chambersburg, 62 s. w. Harris- 
burg, 85 W. Situated on a branch of Corieco- 
cheague cr. It contains 4 churches — 1 Presby- 
terian, 1 combined Lutheran and German Re- 
formed, 1 Associate Reformed, and 1 Methodist — 
6 stores and about 160 dwellings. Incorporated 
in 183!. It contains Marshall college, founded 
in 1836, has 4 professors or other instructors, and 
54 students. Commencement is on the last 
Wednesday in August. 1 acad. 54 students, 7 
sch. 307 scholars. Pop. 1,143. 

Merch.\nt Mills, p-o.. Nelson co., Va., 117 
w. by N. Richmond, 169 W. 

Meredith, t., Belknap co., N. H., 29 n. Con- 
cord. Winnipiseogee lake bounds it on the E., 
and in the n. part is a large pond connected with 
it, 2 ms. long and 1 wide, where is a village. 
Great bay projects into its s. part. Over the out- 
let of Winnipiseogee lake is a bridge. Here is a 
neat village, mostly in Guilford, which contains 
a court house, an academy, a Congregational 
church, a bank, several mills and manufactories, 
and about 50 dwellings. The t. has 20 stores, 
cap. $49,200 ; 3 tanneries, 1 grist m., 3 saw m., 
20 sch. 787 scholars. Pop. 3,351. 

Meredith, p-t., Delaware co., N. Y., 6 n. 
Delhi, 79 w. s. w. Albany, 345 W. The surface 
is hilly and broken ; soil, well adapted to graz- 
ijig. Drained by Oleout cr., which flows w. into 
the Susquehaima r., and small streams which 
flow E. into the w. branch of Delaware r. The 
V. is situated on elevated ground, and contains I 



Presbyterian and 1 Baptist church, 2 stores, 20 
dwellings, and about 100 inhabitants. There 
are in the t. 3 stores, cap. $12,000 ; 1 fulling m., 

1 tannery, 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
.$6,500. 14 sch. 530 scholars. Pop. 1,641). 

Meredith Centre, p o., Meredith t., Belknap 
CO., N. H., 34 N. Concord, 515 W. 

Meredith Village, p-v., Meredith t., Bel- 
knap CO., N. H., 37 N. Concord, 518 W. Situated 
at the outlet of Winnipiseogee lake. (See Mere- 
dith.) 

Meredosi.\, p-v., Morgan co.. 111., 53 w. Spring- 
field, 833 W. Situated on the e. side of Illinois 
r., 6 ms. above Naples. It is on elevated ground, 
with a good landing. It contains several stores, 

2 steam mills, and about 50 dwellings. It con- 
stitutes the port of Jacksonville. 

Meriden, p-v., Cheshire co., N. H., 57 s. w. 
Concord, 478 W. 

Meriden, p-t.. New Haven co., Ct., 16 s. by 
w. Hartford, 321 W. The surface is hilly or 
mountainous ; soil, generally fertile. Watered 
by Quinnipiac r. Incorporated in 1806. The v. 
contains 1 Congregational, 1 Episcopal, and 1 
Baptist church, and about 40 dwellings. The t. 
has a great variety and amount of manufactures. 
The Hartford and New Haven railroad passes 
through the place. There are in the t. 8 stores, 
cap. $23,500 ; 2 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 1 tan- 
nery, 1 distillery, 2 paper fac, 2 grist m., 9 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $111,337. 2 acad. 50 stu- 
dents, 12 sch. 397 scholars. Pop. 1,880. 

Meridian, p-o., Ingham co., Mich. 

Meridian, p-v., Mercer co.. 111., 130 n. w. by 
N. Springfield, 859 W. 

Meridian Springs, p-v.. Hinds co.. Miss., 9 
N. by w. Jackson, 1,019 W. Situated at one of 
the sources of Bogue Chitto cr., a branch of Big 
Black r. 

Meridianville, p-v., Madison co., Ala., 165 
N. N. e. Tuscaloosa, 716 W. Situated on the n. 
side of Flint r. The Meridian line of the U. S. 
surveys of Northern Alabama, passes through 
this piace. 

Mermentau, r., La., drains the extensive prai- 
ries of southwestern Louisiana. After a souther- 
ly course of 200 ms., it falls into the Gulf of Mex- 
ico, 200 ms. w. of the Mississippi r. The country 
through which it flows is covered with grass, 
excepting narrow lines of wood on the r. Live 
oak is found on its borders. The r. passes through 
a lake of the same name. It has but 3 feet of 
water on the bar at its mouth. 

Merom, p-v., capital of Sullivan co., la., 103 s. 
w. by w. Indianapolis. Situated on the e. side 
of Wabash r. It contains a court house, jail, 
several stores and dwelhngs. 

Merrillsville, po., Franklin t., Franklin co., 
N. Y., 174 N. by w. Albany, 549 W. 

Merrimac, r., N. H., is one of the large riv- 
ers of New England. It is formed by the union 
of Pemigevvasset r., which rises near the Notch 
in the White mountains, with Winnipiseogee r., 
which proceeds from Winnipiseogee lake. The 
junction takes place at Sanbornton, 70 ms. below 
the source of the former, which is the main stream. 
Its general course is s. by E. until it enters the state 
of Mass., where it curves to a general course of 
nearly N. E. and e., until it falls into the Atlantic, 
a little below Newbury port. It is navigable for 
vessels of 200 tons to Haverhill. By means of 
the Middlesex canal from Chelmsford to Boston 
harbor, and canals and locks around the falls, a 
boat navigation is opened to Concord, N. H. 
Boui canal, a few miles below Concord, com- 
pleted in 1812, cost S2;),0J0; 6 miles further 
down, Hooksel canal cost $15,000, overcoming a 



MER 



399 



MEX 



fall of 17 feet ; 8 miles below, Amoskeag canal 
cost, $.50,000, overcoming a fall of 45 feet ; below 
Amoskeag canal, the r., for 9 miles, is converted 
into the Union canal, overcoming 6 distinct falls ; 
5 ms. below are CromwelVs falls, made passable 
by a canal. The Union canal, including that of 
Cromwell's, cost $50,000. 15 ms. below, in Mass., 
Wicaste canal cost $14,000 ; 3 ms. below is the 
entrance of the Middlesex canal. There is a 
number of bridges over the 3Ierrimac. 

Merrim.\c, county, N. H. Centrally situ- 
ated toward the s. part of the state, and contains 
816 sq. ms. Organized in 1833. The surface is 
uneven, and in the n. parts mountainous ; the 
soil is generally fertile. Drained by Merrimac 
r. and its branches. Capital, Concord. There 
were in 1S40, neat cattle 35,911, sheep 80,506, 
swine 12,'285; wheat8),61'2 bush, produced, rye 
46,706, Ind. corn 183,284, buckwheat 8,688, bar- 
ley 5,'i51, oats 173,232, potatoes 685,370, sugar 
62,940 pounds ; 113 stores, cap. $333,950 ; 12 full- 
ing m., 3 woollen fac, 3 cotton fac. 11,768 sp., 35 
tanneries, 2 distilleries, 1 glass fac, 3 potteries, 
42 grist m., 105 saw m., 1 oil m., 5 paper fac, 10 

firinting offices, 6 binderies, 1 periodica!, 6 week- 
y newspapers. Cap. in manufac. .$840,908. 10 
acad. 1,094 students, 273 sch. 10,380 scholars. 
Pop. 36,253. 

Merrim.vc, p-t., Hillsboro' co., N. H., 29 s. 
Concord, 452 W. Merrimac r. bounds it on the 
E. Drained by Souhegan r. and its branches, 
which afford extensive water power. The sur- 
face is generally level ; soil, in many places, 
particularly on the Merrimac, fertile. Incorpo- 
rated in 1746. It has 4 stores, cap. $12,400; 6 
grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,060. 9 
sch. 351 scholars. Pop. 1,114. 

Merri.mac, t., Franklin co., Mo. It has 1 
sch. 20 scholars. Pop. 245. 

Merrimac, t., Jefferson co., Mo. It has 2 
sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 751. 

Merrimac, t., St. Louis co., Mo. It has 1 
sch. 22 scholars. Pop. 1,782. 

Merriman, t., Crawford co.. Mo. It has 3 
sch. 50 scholars. Pop. 1,111. 

Merrv.meeting Bay, N. H., a s. e. branch of 
Winnipiseogee lake, 1,600 rods long. 

Merrvmerting Bav, Me., an expan.sion of 
Kennebec r., at a junction of Androscoggin river, 
above Bath. 

Merritt's Mills, p-o., Cobb co., Ga., 114 
N. w. Milledgeville, 670 W. 

Merrittstown, p-v., Luzerne t., Fayette co.. 
Pa., 191 w. by s. Hanisbnrg, 207 W. It is situ- 
ated on Dunlap's cr., and contains 1 church, 2 
stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., and about 40 dwellings. 

Merrittsville, p-v., Greenville dist., S. C., 
130 N. w. Columbia, 523 VV. 

Meriwether, county, Ga. Situated in the 
w. part of the stale, and contains 400 sq. miles. 
Flint r. runs on its e. border. Drained on the e. 
by branches of Flint r., and on the w. by branches 
of Chattahoochee r. Capital, Greenville. There 
were in 1810, neat cattle 18,593, sheep 9,lil, 
swine 41,844; wheat 86,480 bushels produced, 
rye 1,040, Indian corn 256,115, oats 58,779, pota- 
toes 20,370, cotton 5,660,222 pounds; 11 stores, 
cap. $55,000 ; 3 tanneries, 9 grist m., 5 saw m., 4 
acad. 155 students, 9 sch. 265 scholars. Pop. 
whites, 8,725, slaves 5,301, free col'd 16 ; total, 
14,132. 

Merry Hill, p-o., Bertie co.. N. C, 173 e. by 
N. Raleigh, 264 W. 

Merry.ma.n's Shop, p-o.. Prince Edward co., 
Va., 92 w. s. w. Richmond, 182 W. 

3Ierry Oaks, p-o., Barren co., Ky., 135 s. vv. 
Fiunldbrt, 656 W. 



Merry Point, po., Lancaster co., Va., 83 E. 
Richmond, 149 W. 

Mershon's Cross Roads, p-o.. Laurel co., 
Ky., 85 s. s. E. Frankfort, 555 VV. 

Mesopotamia, p-t., Trumbull co., O., 171 n. e. 
Columbus, 322 W. It has 7 sch. 276 scholars. 
Pop. 832. 

Messersville, p-o., Gallia co., O., 116 s. E. 
Columbus, 374 W. 

Messongo, po., Accomack co., Va., 213 e. 
Richmond, 182 W. 

Metal, t., Franklin co., Pa. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $8,000 ; 1 furnace, 1 forge, 4 tanneries, 5 
distilleries, 8 grist m., 1 1 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $15,250. 6 sch. 277 scholars. Pop. 1,113. 

Metamora, p-o., Lucas co., O., 160 n. n. w 
Columbus, 491 W. 

3Ietamora, po., Franklin co., la., 62 e. s. e. 
Indianapolis, 526 W. 

Metamora, t., Lapeer co., Mich. It has 3 
sch. 77 scholars. Pop. 350. 

Metea, p-v., Cass co., la., 84 n. Indianapolis, 
622 W. 

Meteteconck, p-o., Monmouth co., N. J., 48 
E. by .s. Trenton, 209 W. 

Methlten, p-t., Essex co., Mass., 26 n. by w. 
Boston, 451 W. Situated on the N. side of Mer- 
rimac r. Chartered in 1725. The surface is un- 
even ; soil, generally fertile. Watered by Spicket 
r., which has a fall of 30 feet, 2 miles above its 
entrance into the Merrimac, affording extensive 
water power. The v. at the falls contains 3 
churches — 1 Congre'gationalist, 1 Baptist, and 1 
Universalist — several mills and manufactories, 
and about 1,000 inhabitants. The t. contains 4 
stores, cap. $15,000; 2 cotton fac. 4,588 spindles, 
1 tannery, 2 paper fac, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $260,500. 10 sch. 650 scholars. Pop. 
2,231. 

Metropolis City, p-v., Johnson co.. 111., 225 
s. s. e. Springfield, 830 W. 

Metuchin, p-v., Middlesex co., N. J., 32 n. e. 
Trenton, 198 W. 

Mexico, Gulf of. A great inland sea, between 
N. and s. America, 1,000 ms. long and 600 broad, 
containing 660,000 sq. ms. That part of it which 
lies within the United States, laves the s. coast of 
Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama, and the w. 
coast of Florida. 

Mexico, pt., Oxford co.. Me., 42 w. n. w. 
Augusta, 614 VV. Situated on the n. side of An- 
droscoggin r., by tributaries of wliich it is water- 
ed, affording good water power. Incorporated 
in 1818. The .soil is fertile, adapted to wheat. 
It has 2 stores, cap. $400 ; 1 tannery. Cap. in 
manuiiictures $600. 5 sch. 191 scholars. Pop. 
477. 

Mexico, p-t., Oswego co., N. Y., 156 w. n. w. 
Albany, 381 W. The surface is undulating; 
soil, a fertile clay, and gravelly loam. Drained 
by Salmon cr., flowing into Lake Ontario, which 
bounds it on the n. The v. is situated on Salmon 
cr., and contains 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 
Baptist, and 1 Methodist — an academy, 5 stores, 
1 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 tanneries, 1 
clothier's works, <j\i dwellings, and about 500 
inhabitants. There are in the t. 8 stores, cap. 
$3J,900 ; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 furnace, 
4 tanneries, 5 grist m., 8 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. 
in manufac. $45,950. 1 acad. 164 students, 40 
sch. 1,020 scholars. Pop. 3,729. 

Mexico, p-v., Juniata co., Pa., 42 n. w. Har- 
risburg, 139 W. 

Mexico, p-o., Tymochtee t., Crawford co., O., 
79 ,\. Columbus, 424 W. 

Mexico, pv., capital of Audrain co.. Mo., 47 n. 
Jeffersoii City, 922 W. Situated on the e. side 



MIC 



400 



MIC 



of Salt. r. It contains a court house and a few 
dwellings. 

Mever's Mill, p-o., Somerset co., Pa., 151 w. 
Harrisburg, 16S W. 

MEYpmsTOWN, p-v., Jack.son t., Lebanon co., 
Pa., 31 E. Harrisburg, 144 W. It contains 1 Lu- 
theran church, 4 stores, and about 130 dwellings. 

Miami, r., O., ri.ses in Hardin co., and after a 
s. vv. course of 100 ms., enters the Ohio in tlie .s. 
w. corner of the state. It is 200 yds. wide at its 
mouth. Its current is rapid, but it is navigated to 
a limited extent for 75 ms. Its waters are con- 
nected with those of the Auglaize, a s. branch of 
Maumee r., by a portage of only 5 m.s. It receives 
many important branches, and affords extensive 
water power. 

Miami, county, O. Situated in the w. part of 
the state, and contains 410 sq. ms. Watered by 
Miami r. and its branches. The soil is fertile and 
well cultivated. Organized in 1807. The Miami 
canal passes along the vv. bank of Miami r. through 
the CO. Capital, Troy. There were in 1810, 
neat cattle 14,957, sheep 20,659, swine 24,254; 
wheat 136,159 bush, produced, rye 16,926, Ind. 
corn 531,132, buckwheat 2,169, barley 3,383, oats 
163,281, potatoes 22,453, sugar ]53,23;i pounds; 
54 stores, cap. $273,000; 3 commission houses, 
cap. $3,500 ; 3 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tan- 
neries, 11 distilleries, 3 breweries, 1 pottery, 18 
flouring m., 21 grist m., 45 saw m., 2 oil m., 4 
printing oflices, 1 bindery, 3 weekly and 1 peri- 
odical newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $183,400. 
67 sch. 3,625 scholars. Pop. ]9,68S. 

Miami, county, la. Situated toward the n. part 
of the state, and contains 3S0 sq. ms. The SVa- 
bash and Eel rivers pass through the co. from e. 
to w., and Mississinewa r. enters the Wabash 
from the s. They are all navigable for light 
boats. The surface is covered with forest and 
prairie, and the soil is very fertile. The Wabash 
and Erie canal passes through it. Capital, Peru. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 2,910, sheep 2,097, 
swine 7,5S4; wheat 8,127 bush, produced, Ind. 
corn 179,143, oats 12,4S7, potatoes 19,735, tobacco 
1,490 pounds, sugar 20,548; 14 stores,cap.$ 126,900. 
3 tanneries, 2 flouring m., 3 grist m., 5 saw m., 1 
printing office, 1 weekly and 1 semi-weekly news- 
paper. Cap. in manufac. $8,500. 15 sch. 356 
scholars. Pop. 3,048. 



Miami, p-v., Whitewater t., Hamilton co., O., 
119 w. s. w. Columbus, 562 W. Situated on the 
w. bank of Miami r., 15 ms. from its mouth. Jt 
contains three stores, 1 flouring m. and saw m., 1 
distillery, 40 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. 
There is a bridge here across the Miami, and a 
macadamized turnpike to Cincinnati. 

Miami, t., Hamilton co., O. Situated at the n. 
bend of the Ohio r., having the Ohio r. on its s. 
border, and the Wabash on the n. w. Pop. 
2,189. 

Miami, t, Clermont co., O. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $5,000 ; 1 tannery, 2 distilleries, 1 flouring m., 
1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $48,750. 
8 sch. 527 scholars. Pop. 2,063. 

Miami, t., Greene co., O. Drained by Little 
Miami r. and its branches. It has 5 stores, c.p. 
$42,500; 1 distillery, 2 flouring m., 3 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $46,200. Pop. 1,238. 

Miami, t., Logan co., O. It has 4 sch. 345 
scholars. Pop. 1,423. 

Miami, t., Montgomery co., O. It has 13 sch. 
1,369 scholars. Pop. 3,259. 

Miami, p-o., Saline co.. Mo., 99 n. w. Jefferson 
City, 1,004 W. The t. has 2 sch. 34 scholars. 
Pop. 601. 

MiAMisBURGH, p-v., Miami t., Montgomery co., 
O., 78 w. by s. Columbus, 473 W. Situated on 
the E. bank of Miami r., and on the Miami canal. 
It contains 2 churches, 17 stores, 3 warehouses, 
a market house, 1 cotton fac, 1 iron foundry, 1 
brass foundry, 2 grist m., 1 steam saw m., 1 brew- 
ery, 1 tannery, and about 150 dwellings. A mile 
s. E. of the V. is one of the largest ancient mounds 
in the state. 

MicosuKEE, p-o., Leon co., Flor. 

MicHAELSviLLE, p-v., Harford co., Md., 62 n. 
by E. Annapolis, 7(3 W. 

Michigan, lake, Mich. This is the largest 
lake which lies wholly in the United States, be- 
ing about 330 miles long and 60 broad, containing 
about 16,981 sq. ms. or 10,868,000 acres. Its e. 
coast is generally sandy, but little indented with 
bays or inlets. The principal bays are Green 
bay, in the n. w., and Great and Little Traverse 
bays, on the e. It is connected with Lake Hu- 
ron by the Straits of Mackinac. Its waters are 
deep, and it affords excellent fish. It contains 
several islands in its n. part. 



MICHIGAN. 



Michigax, one of the western United States, consists of two peninsulas ; the principal of which, 
or Michigan proper, is bounded n. by the Straits of Michilimackinac, which connect Lake Michi- 
gan to Lake Huron ; e. by Lake Huron, St. Clair river, Lake St. Clair, Detroit river, and Lake 
Erie, which separate it from Upper Canada ; s. by Ohio and Indiana ; and w. by Lake Michigan. 
This main portion of the state is 288 miles long, and, at a medium, 190 miles broad, containing 
33,000 square miles, or 24,320,000 acres. But Michigan contains another and entirely distinct 
peninsula, lying n. w. of the former, bounded n. by Lake Superior ; on the e. by St. Mary's river; 
on the s. by Lake Michigan, Green Bay, and Menomonee river ; and w. by Montreal river, which 
enters Lake Superior. This portion of the state is about 320 miles long, and from 30 to 160 broad, 
containing about 2^,000 square miles ; making the whole territory of the state about 66,000 square 
miles. In 1810, the population was 4,528 ; in 1820, 9,048; in 1830, 31,639; in 1840,212,267. Of 
these, 113,3^5 were white males ; 98,165 do. females ; 393 colored males; 314 do. females. Em- 
ployed in agriculture, 56,521 ; in commerce, 728; in manufactures and trades, 6,890 ; navigating 
the ocean, 24 ; do. canals, lakes, and rivers, 166 ; mining, 40 ; learned professions, 904. 

There were in 1840, 32 organized counties, which, with their population and capitals, were as 
follows : Allegan, 1,783, Allegan ; Barry, 1,078, Hastings ; Berrien, 5,011, St. Joseph ; Branch, 
5,715, Branch; Calhou.n, 10,539, Marshall; Cass, 5,710, Cassopolis ; Chippewa, 534, Sault St. 
Mary; Clinton, 1,614, De Witt; Eato.\, 2,379, Charlotte; Genesee, 4,268, Flint; Hillsdale, 
7,240, Jonesville ; Ingham, 2,498, Vevay ; Ionia, 1,923, Ionia; .Iackson, 13,130, Jackson; Kala 
MAZOo, 7,380, Kalamazoo ; Kent, 2,587, Grand Rapids ; Lapeer, 4,265, Lapeer ; Lenawee, 17,839, 



MIC 401 MIC 

Adrian; Livingston, 7,430, Howell; Macomb, 923, Mt. Clemens; Michilimackinac, 9,716, 
Mackinac : Monroe, 9,922, Monroe ; Oakland, 23,646 Pontiac ; Oceana, 208, Oceana C. H. ; 
Ottawa, 496, Grand Haven ; Saginaw, 892, Saginaw ; St. Clair, 4,606, St. Clair ; St. JosErn, 
7,068, Centreville ; Shiawassee, 2,103, Corunna; Van Buren, 1,910, Pawpaw ; Washtenaw, 
23,571, Ann Arbor ; Wayne, 24,173, Detroit. Tliere are several new counties unorganized. 

Detroit, situated on the w. side of the Detroit river, is the seat of government. 

The surface of the lower or southern peninsula is generally level, having few elevations wliicli 
may be denominated hills. The interior is gently undulating, rising gradually from tlie lakes to 
the centre of the peninsula. This central region may be regarded as a table land, elevated about 
300 feet above the level of the lakes, covered with fine forests of timber, oak plauis, and beautiful 
prairies. Along the eastern shore of Lake Michigan are sand hills, thrown by the winds into 
innumerable fantastic forms, sometimes covered with stinted trees and scanty vegetation, but most 
generally bare. On tlie shore of Lake Huron -are some high sand bluffs. The point formed by 
Lake Huron and Saginaw bay is generally low and swampy. A large part of the soil of this 
peninsula is fertile, and well adapted to tlie purposes of agriculture. The forest trees present a 
great variety ; oalc, hickory, walnut, ash, linden, sugar maple, elm, poplar, and pine. The soil is 
well adapted to wheat, rye, oats, barley, flax, hemp, garden vegetables, and grasses. No part of 
the United States is better supplied with fish, aquatic fowls, and wild game. The fish are chiefly 
the white fish and salmon trout, both of which are taken and put up in large quantities for exporta- 
tion. The trout weigh from 10 to 70 pounds, and the white fish are equally large. 

Of the northern peninsula, Mr. Schoolcraft says, "portions of it are the mere development of 
sublime scenery, which appertains to that comparatively elevated portion of the continent. Moun- 
tains and lakes, plains, rivers, and forests, spread over it, with a boldness of outline, which may be 
said to constitute almost a peculiar type of North American geography. This division embraces 
the mineral district of the region. Much of it falls under the influence of causes which render it of 
little or no value in an agricultural pomt of view ; but it may be regarded as the seat of future mineral 
operations. Accuracy with respect to either kind of soil, either in acres or miles, must be the 
result of exploration and survey. The northern shores of Lake Michigan and Huron, as far as 
Point Detour, are exclusively limestone, where rock is at all visible, and tliis rock is characterized 
by the usual indications of gypsum and brine springs. The growth of trees in this newly 
acquired boundary is as various as the soils, and is, in general, an accurate index of its fertility. 
The sugar maple is interspersed throughout the tract, being separated by the sand plains, the 
mountain masses, and by tracts of spruce lands. Tliis tree, however, forms so considerable a por- 
tion of the growth, that the natives can always, by a timely removal of their camps, rely on the 
manufacture of sugar. The beech tree is found as far north as Point Iroquois, at the outlet of Lake 
Superior. I regard the white oak, however, as a surer test of climate and soil together, than any 
other of our forest trees. I doubt whether this tree ever attains to its full size in a climate not 
decidedly congenial to agriculture. The rock maple and red oak are found, at intervals, through- 
out the northwest ; I have seen both species at the sources of the Mis.sissippi, but have not observed 
the beech north of the locality mentioned, nor the white oak north of the Straits of Mackinac. The 
interior abounds in minor lakes, and enjoys a singular advantage of intercommunication by streams 
and portages. The areas included between the three great lakes north of Mackinac, wiiich will 
probably hereafter be denominated the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, embraces the present settle- 
ments at Mackinac and Sault St. Mary. Taldng the whole extent of the annexed territory from 
Menomonee river, following the curves of the coast to the northwest limits of the state, the mouth 
of Moniaw or Montreal river of Lake Superior, it afl!brds not less than 720 miles of additional coast 
navigation ; and embraces, in the distance, several large bays and excellent harbors. About 40 
large and 60 small streams discharge their waters into the three lakes constituting portions of the 
boundary." 

The southern peninsula of Michigan is drained by several large rivers and numerous smaller 
streams, which rise near the middle between the lakes, and pass off in an easterly and westerly 
direction, with the exception of the Cheboigan, and three or four smaller streams, which flow in a 
northerly direction. The larger streams are navigable by boats and canoes nearly to their sources. 
Raisin and Huron rs. flow into Lake Erie ; Rouge into the Detroit strait ; Clinton and Black rivers 
into the Strait of St. Clair. Saginaw river, formed by the junction of Titibawassee, Hare, Shia- 
wassee, Flint, and Cass rivers, enters into Saginaw bay. Thunder Bay river and Cheboigan, with 
several smaller streams, flow into the northern part of Lake Huron. St. Joseph, Kalamazoo, Grand, 
and Maskegon rivers, and several smaller streams, flow in a westerly direction into Lake Michigan. 
The counties of Oakland, Livingston, Washtenaw, Barry, Jackson, and Kalamazoo abound with 
small clear lakes, well stocked with fish. 

There were in the state in 1840, 30,144 horses and mules ; 185,190 neat cattle; 99,618 sheep; 
295,890 swine ; poultry to the value of $82,730. There were produced 2,157,108 bushels of wheat ; 
127,802 of barley ; 2,114,051 pf oats; 34,236 of rye; 113,592 of buckwheat; 2,277,039 of Indian 

51 



MIC 402 MIC 

com; 153,375 pounds of wool ; 11,381 of hops; 4,533 of wax; there were produced 2,109,205 bush- 
of potatoes ; 130,S05 tons of hay ; 755 of hemp and flax; 1,602 pounds of tobacco; 266 of silk 
cocoons; 1,329,784 of sugar; the products of the dairy were estimated at $301,052; and of the 
orchard at $16,075 ; and of lumber at $392,325. 

Michigan lake is the largest lake that lies wholly within the United States, being 360 miles long 
and 60 broad, containing 17,000 square miles, including Green bay, a large branch of it in the n. w. 
The Straits of Miehilimackinac, 40 miles long, connect this lake with Lake Huron. Saginaw bay 
is a large branch of Lake Huron, 60 miles long by 32 miles wide. 

Detroit is much the largest and most commercial place in the state. A large number of steam- 
boats and other vessels ply between this place and BufTalo, and other places on the lakes. The 
other principal places are Monroe, on the River Raisin ; Pontiac, on the Clinton, 16 miles n. w. of 
Detroit ; Adrian, Ypsilanti, Ann Arbor, Kalamazoo, Marshall, and Jackson, in the interior ; and St. 
Joseph, on Lake Michigan. 

The exports of Michigan in 1840, amounted to $162,229 ; and the imports to $138,610. lliere 
were 26 commission houses engaged in foreign trade, with a capital of $177,500 ; 612 retail dry- 
goods and other stores, with a capital of $2,228,988; 312 persons employed in tlie lumber trade, 
with a capital of $45,600 ; 453 persons employed in the fisheries, (lake,) with a capital of $28,640. 

The amount of home-made or family manufactures was $113,955; there were 16 fulling mills, 
and 4 woollen manufactories, employing 37 persons, producing articles to the amomit of $9,734, and 
employing a capital of $34,120 ; 15 furnaces, producing 601 tons of cast iron, employmg 99 persons, 
and a capital of $60,800 ; 1 paper mill, employing 6 persons, produced $7,000, with a capital of 
$20,000 ; 12 persons manufactured tobacco to the amount of $5,000, with a capital of $1,750 ; hats 
and caps were produced to the amount of $30,463, and straw bonnets to the amount of $639, em- 
ploymg 42 persons, and a capital of $20,007 ; 38 tanneries employed 99 persons, and a capital of 
$70,240; 101 other manufactories of leather, as saddleries, &c., produced articles to the amount of 
$192,190, with a capital of $69,202; 1 glass house employed 34 persons, producing articles to the 
amount of $7,322, with a capital of $25,000 ; 3 potteries employed 4 persons, producing articles to 
the amount of $1,100, with a capital of $625 ; 3 persons produced confectionery to the amount of 
$3,000, with a capital of $1,200 ; 67 persons produced machinery to the value of $47,000 ; 7 per- 
sons produced hardware and cutlery to the amount of $1,250; 1 person manufactured the preciou.s 
metals to the amount of $5,000 ; 6 persons manufactured granite and marble to the amount of 
$7,000 ; 298 persons produced brick and hme to the amount of $68,913 ; 6 persons produced 78,100 
pounds of soap, and 57,975 pounds of tallow candles, with a capital of $6,000 ; 34 distilleries pro- 
duced 337,761 gallons, and 10 breweries produced 308,6% gallons, the whole employing 116 per- 
sons, and a capital of $124,200; 59 persons produced carriages and wagons to the amount of 
$20,075, with a capital of $13,150; 93 flouring mills produced 202,880 barrels of flour, and, with 
other mills, employed 1,144 persons, producing articles to the amount of $1,832,363, with a capital 
of $2,460,200 ; vessels were built to the amount of $10,500; 65 persons manufactured furniture to 
the amount of $22,494, with a capital of $28,050 ; 39 brick or stone houses, and 1,280 wooden 
houses, were erected, and employed 1,978 persons, and cost $571,005 ; 28 printing ollices, 2 bind- 
eries, 6 daily, and 26 weekly newspapers, and 1 periodical, employed 119 per.sons, and a capital 
of $62,900. The whole amount of capital employed in manufactures was $3,112,240. 

The Michigan University, at Ann Arbor, has departments of literature, science, and the arts, 
of law, and of medicine. It is designed to have academic branches spread over the state, and 
they have been already established at Detroit, Pontiac, Monroe, Niles, Kalamazoo, Grand Rapids, 
Jackson, White Pigeon, and Tecumseh. This institution has been well endowed by large grants 
of lands. Marshall College, at Marshall, has been established ; and St. Philip's College, near 
Detroit, is a Catholic institution. These institutions had, in 1840, 158 students. 'ITiere were in 
the state 12 academies, with 485 students ; and 975 common and primary schools, with 29,701 
scholars. There were in the state 2,173 white persons over 20 years of age who could neither 
read nor write. 

In 1836, the Presbyterians had 42 clmrches and 19 ministers ; the Baptists had 17 churches and 
11 ministers ; the Roman Catholics 1 bishop and 18 ministers ; the Episcopalians. 1 bishop and 4 
ministers ; and the Methodists were considerably numerous. 

At the commencement of 1840, there were in this state 9 banks, and 1 branch, vvith an aggre- 
gate capital of $1,229,200, and a circulation of $261,296. At the close of 1840, the state debt 
amounted to $6,011,000. 

The governor and lieutenant-governor are chosen at the same time, for 2 years, by the peojjie. 
The senators are chosen for 2 years, and one half of them annually, and they consist of one tliird 
the number of representatives. The representatives are chosen annually, and their number can- 
not be less than 48 nor more than 100, and are with the senators apportioned among the counties, 
according to the number of white inhabitants. The judges of the supreme court are appointed by 
the governor, with the advice and consent of the senate, for the term of 7 years. Judges of inferior 



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courts are elected by the people for 4 years. Every white male citizen, over 21 years of age, who 
has resided six months next preceding election in the town where his vote is offered, has the 
right of suffrage. Slavery, lotteries, and the sale of lottery tickets, arc prohibited. The legislature 
meets annually at Detroit until 1847, when the seat of goverment will be permanently fixed. 

Michigan has projected and commenced an extensive system of internal improvements. The 
Central railroad extends from Detroit 44 miles to Ann Arbor, and when completed is designed to 
extend 194 miles to St. Joseph, on Lake Michigan. The Erie and Kalamazoo railroad extends 
from Toledo 33 miles to Adrian. This road is designed to be continued until it meets the Central 
railroad, which it will leave at Kalamazoo and terminate at Allegan. The whole distance from 
Toledo to Kalamazoo is 183 miles. The Ypsilanti and Teeumseh railroad leaves the Central rail- 
road at Ypsilanti, and connects with the Erie and Kalamazoo railroad at Teeumseh, 25 miles. 
The Detroit and Pontiac railroad extends from Detroit 25 miles to Pontiac. Numerous other rail- 
roads have been laid out and commenced ; and also the Clinton and Kalamazoo canal is designed 
to unite the waters of Lake Michigan and St. Clair. The whole length is 216 miles, and is esti- 
mated to cost $2,250,000. But this, with several other proposed canals, are for the present sus- 
pended. 

The French built a fort and made a settlement at Detroit in 1647, and subsequently at Macki- 
naw. Many of the Hiirons, a native tribe in this region, were converted to the Catholic faith by 
the Jesuits. By the treaty of peace between Great Britain and France in 1763, this country came 
into the possession of the EngUsh. The post at Detroit was resigned to the United States by the 
English in 1796. In 1805 this state was erected into a distinct territory, and a correspondent gov- 
ernment was appointed. The British gained a temporary possession of the country in 1812-13, 
but it was soon recovered by the Americans under Gen. W. H. Harrison. In 1836 Michigan was 
admitted to the Union. 



MrciiiG.w Centre, p-v., Jackson co., Mich., 
72 w. Detroit, 540 W. 

3I1CHIGAN City, p-v., Laporte co., la., 157 n. 
N. vv. Indianapolis, 666 W. Situated on the s. 
shore of Lake Michigan, at the mouth of Trail 
cr., and was laid out in 1835. It is the only 
harbor in this state. The location is gene- 
rally healthy, and well situated for trade. It 
contains 3 churches, 10 stores, 5 large ware- 
houses, 1 flouring m., 1 foundry, a branch of the 
State Bank of Indiana, and about 7{X) inhabitants. 
It is the N. terminus of the great Michigan road, 
and al.so the proposed one of several railroads 
and canals. 

MicHiGANTOWN, p-v., CUnton CO., la., 42 n. by 
w. Indianapolis, 600 W. Situated on the Michi- 
gan road. 

BlicHiLiMACKiNAC, couuty and strait. (See 
Mackinaw.) 

Middle, t., Cape May co., N. J. Bounded w. 
by Delaware bay, and e. by the Atlantic. The 
surface is level ; soil, sand and marsh. Hereford 
inlet admits the Atlantic into the marshes and 
lagunes for 4 ms. w. Watered by Goshen, Dyer's, 
Green, and Fishing crs., which flow into Dela- 
ware bay. It has 12 stores, cap. $1'J,000 ; 2 grist 
m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,000. 5 sch. 
328 scholars. Pop. 1,624. 

Middle Paxton, t., Dauphin co., Pa., 9 n. e. 
Harrisburg. The surface is very mountainous ; 
soil, gravelly. Drained by Fishing, Stony, and 
Clark's crs. It contains 1 church. Anthracite 
coal is found. It has 4 stores, cap. $11,-500; 1 
furnace, 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 3 grist m., 6 saw 
ra. Cap. in manufac. $39,800. 1 sch. 75 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,560. 

MiDDLEBOROUGit, p-t., Plymouth co., Mass., 40 
s. by E. Boston, 433 W. It has several ponds, the 
outlets of which afford extensive water power, 
and flow into Taunton r. Incorporated in 1660. 
It contains 8 churches — 4 Baptist, 3 Congrega- 
tional, and 1 Methodist. It is 15 ms. long and 9 
wide, being one of the largest townships in the 
state. It iias extensive manufactures. The v. 
contains L church, an academy, and about 50 
dwellings. It has 8 stores, cap. $51,000 ; 1 fall- 
ing m., 2 cotton fac. 2,500 sp., 1 furnace, 2 forges, 



4 grist m., 11 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $122,000. 
1 acad. 172stud'ts,40sch. 1,562 sch'ls. Pop. 5,085. 

MiDDLEBOURNE, p-0., Oxford t., Guernsey co., 
O., 92 E. Columbus, 301 W. 

MiDDLEBOURNE, p-v., Capital of Tyler CO., Va., 
307 N. w. Richmond, 275 W. Situated on the e. 
side of Middle Island creek. It contains a court 
house and a few dwellings. 

MiDDLEBRooK, p-v., Augusta CO., Va., 129 w. 
N. w. Richmond, 170 VV. 

MiDDLEBROOK MiLLs, p-0., Montgomery co., 
Maryland. 

MiDDLEBURG, p-t., Schoharie co., N. Y., 37 w. 
Albany, 378 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, in 
the valleys, calcareous loam and alluvion, and 
very fertile. A pond, or marsh, called The Vly, 
discharges to tiie n. a mill stream, which flows 
into Schoharie kill. From the s. E. flows a 
branch of Catskill cr. The v. is situated on the 
E. side of Schoharie creek, and contains 1 Dutch 
Reformed and 1 Lutheran church, 5 stores, 1 grist 
m., 2 saw m., 2 tanneries, 1 furnace, 1 clothier's 
works, 50 dwellings, and about 300 inhabitants. 
Tliere are in the t. 11 stores, cap. $16,300 ; 4 full- 
ing m., 4 tanneries, 6 grist m., 28 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $14,600. 20 soh. 88S scholars. Pop. 
3,843. 

MiDDLEBURG, p-v., Centre t.. Union co.. Pa., 
77 N. Harrisburg, 182 W. 

MiDDLEBURG, p-v., Carroll co., Md., 78 n. w. 
Annapolis, 61 W. 

MiDDLEBURG, p-v., Loudou CO., Va., 134 N. 
Richmond, 47 W. 

MiDDLEBURG, p-v., Hardimaii co., Tenn., 169 
.s. w. by w. Nashville, 854 W. It contains 1 
church and several dwellings. 

MiDDLEBURG, p-v., Cascy CO., Ky., 61s. Frank- 
fort, 575 W. 

MiDDLEBURG, t., Cuyahoga co., O. Watered 
by the e. branch of Rocky r., which affords wa- 
ter power, by Baldwin's cr., and the outlet of a 
pond called Lake Abraham, near the centre of 
the t. It contains the v. of Berea, where is a 
manual labor literary institution. It has 1 fur- 
nace. 1 flouring m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$1,000. 4 sch. 83 scholars. Pop. 399. 

MiDDLEBURG, p-v., Zane t., Logan co., O. Sit- 



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404 



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uated between 2 head streams of Big Darby cr., 
and contains 4 churches — 1 Episcopal, 1 Method- 
ist, 1 Protestant Methodist, and 1 Christian — 3 
stores, a steam saw m., 1 printing office, issuing 
a weeivly newspaper, 50 dwellings, and about 3tX) 
inhabitants. 

MiDDLEBURY, p-t., Capital of Addison co.,Vt., 33 
s. s. E. Burlington, 59 s. w. Montpelier, 481 W. 
The surface is moderately uneven ; soil, a fertile 
clay loam. Watered by t)tter Creek r., which 
affords extensive water power. Chartered in 
17(51. The V. is situated at the falls on both sides 
of Otter cr., is irregularly laid out, but handsome- 
ly built, and contains a court house, jail, 5 church- 
es — 1 Congregational, 1 Episcopal, 1 Methodist, 1 
Baptist, and 1 Roman Catholic — a bank, and is 
one of the most e.\tensive manufacturing places 
in the state. Here is a marble quarry, on the 
bank of the creek, which affords some of the 
fmest statuary marble, and is extensively wrought 
for various purposes. It is the seat of .Middlebury 
College, which was founded in 1800, has a presi- 
dent and 7 professors, or other instructors ; has 
had 75S alumni, of whom 245 have been minis- 
ters of the gospel ; has 53 students, (in 1S42,) and 
7,054 vols, in its libraries. The commencement 
is on the third Wednesday in August. The col- 
lege edifices are 2, one of them of stone, 106 feet 
long, 40 feet wide, and 4 stories high, containing 
48 rooms for students. There are in the t. 16 
stores, cap. $55,700 ; 6 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 
1 cotton fee. 3,860 sp., 2 tanneries, 1 furnace, 1 
forge, 2 printing ofifices, 1 bindery, 2 weekly 
newspapers, and 1 periodical, 2 grist m., G saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $172,700. 1 college, 62 students, 
2 acad. 70 students, 12. sch. 400 scholars. Pop. 3,162. 
MiDDLEBURY, p-t., New llavcu CO., Ct., 52 w. 
s. w. Hartford, 310 W. The surface is hilly and 
rough ; soil, a coarse gravelly loam. Watered 
by branches of Naugatuck r., and by Quassepaug 
jiond, the outlet of which affords water power, 
and flows into llousatonic river. Incorporated in 
1807. It has 1 Congregational ist and 1 Methodist 
church. It has 2 stores, cap. $6,725 ; 1 tannery, 
3 distilleries, 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $22,615. 1 academy 22 students, 6 sch. 138 
scholars. Pop. 761. 

MiDDLEBURY, p-t., Wyoming co., N. Y ., 247 w. 
Albany, 365 W. The surface is rolling ; soil, a fer- 
tile sandy and clay loam. Drained by Allen's cr., 
and a tributary of Tonawanda cr. It has 5 stores, 
cap. $1,800 ; 2 lulling m., 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 
3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $22,000. 1 acad. 300 
students, 23 sch. 1,154 scholars. Pop. 2,445. 

MiDDLEBURY, t., Tioga CO., Pa. It has 1 tan- 
nery, 2 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufactures 
$10,550. 7 sch. 153 scholars. Pop. 725. 

MiDDLEBURY, p-v., Talmadgc t.. Summit co., 
O., 125 N. E. Columbus, 320 W. Situated on 
both sides of Little Cuyahoga r., which affords 
good water power. It contains 1 Presbyterian 
church, an academy, 7 stores, 2 flouring m., 1 
machine shop, 2 wool carding and cloth dressing 
fac, 1 sash fac, 1 cabinet and chair fac, and vari- 
ous other mechanic shops. 

MiDDLEBURY, t., Knox CO., O. It is fertile and 
well settled. It has 8 sch. 233 scholars. Pop. 1,004. 

MiDDLEBURY, p-v., Elkhart co., la., 162 n. In- 
dianapolis, 593 W. 

Middle Creek, p-t.. Union co., Pa. It has 1 
grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,000. Pop. 
562. 

Middle Creek, p-o., Monroe co., O., 113 e. 
Columbus, 303 W. 

Middle Fabius, p-o., Adair co.. Mo. 

Middlefield, p-t., Hainp.shu-e co., Mass., 124 
w. Boston, 3iS W. The surface is elevated ; 



soil, well adapted to grazing. Watered by a 
branch of Westfield river. Incorporated in 1783. 
There are in the t. 4 stores, cap. $7,500 ; 6 full- 
ing m., 2 woollen factories, 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 
" saw m. Cap. in manufac. $31,600. 9 sch. 246 
scholars. Pop. 1,717. 

Middlefield, p-t., Otsego co., N. Y., 64 w. 
\lbany, 387W. The surface is hilly ; soil, sandy 
calcareous loam. Bounded on the w. by Otsego 
lake and outlet; on the E. by Cherry Valley cr. 
It has 7 stores, cap. $15,300; 3 fulling m., 4 tan- 
neries, 2 distilleries, 5 grist m., 18 saw m., 1 oil ra. 
Cap. in manufac. $121,340. 2 acad. 58 students, 
17 sch. 820 scholars. Pop. 3,319. 

Middlefield, p-o., Batavia t., Geauga co., O., 
169 N. E. Columbus, 328 W. 

Middlefield Centre, p-o., Middlefield t., 
Otsego CO., N. Y., 62 w. Albany, 373 W. 

Middleford, p-v., Sussex co., Del., 43 s. Do- 
ver, 120 W. 

Middle Foric, p-o., Clinton co., la., 48 n. n. 
w. Indianapolis, 606 VV. 

Middle Fork, p-o., Vermilion co.. III. 

Middle Fork, p-t., Macon co.. Mo., 92 n. by 
\v. Jefferson City. It has 1 sch. 30 scholars. Pop. 
535. 

Middle Granville, p-v., Granville t., Wash- 
ington CO., N. Y., 65 N. N. E. Albany, 435 W. It 
contains 2 Presbyterian cliurches, 3 stores, 1 cot- 
ton factory, 1 grist m., 1 tannery, and about 50 
dwellmgs. 

Middle Grove, p-o., Fulton co., 111., 53 n. w. 
Springfield, 813 W. 

Middle Grove, p-o., Monroe co., Mo., 84 n. 
Jefferson City, 947 W. 

Middle Haddam, p-v.,Chathamt., Middlesex 
CO., Ct., 21 s. .s. E. Hartford, 333 W. Situated on 
the E. side of Connecticut r. 

Middle Hope, p-o., Newburgh t., Orange co., 
N. Y., 88 s. by w. Albany, 290 W. 

Middle Island, p-v., Brookhaven t, Suffolk 
CO., N. Y., 211 s. s. e. Albany, 285 W. It has a 
Methodist church and 12 or 15 dwellings. 

Middle Mountain, p-o., Botetourt co., Va., 
192 w. Richmond, 242 W. 

Middlei'ort, p-v., Royalton t., Niagara co., 
N. Y., 285 w. by n. Albany, 400 W. Situated 
on the Erie canal, and contains 2 churches, 9 
stores, 3 warehouses, 2 flouring m., 1 furnace, 2 
tanneries, 1 clothier's works, 65 dwellings, and 
about 400 inhabitants. 

MiDDLEPORT, p-v., Schuylkill co.. Pa., 71 n. 
E. Harrisburg, 181 W. It contains 2 stores, and 
20 or 30 dwellings, inhabited cliiefly by persons 
connected with the coal mines in the vicinity. 

MiDDLEPORT, p-v., Elkhart co., la., 157 n. In- 
dianapolis, 608 W. 

MiDDLEPORT, p-v., Iroquois co.. 111., 192 n. e. 
Springfield, 694 W. 

Middle River, p-o., Franklin co., Ga., 120 w. 
Milledgeville, 606 'VV. 

MiDDLESE.x, county, Mass. Situated in the e. 
part of the state, and contains 800 sq. ms. The 
surface is uneven ; soil, various. Watered by 
Merrimac, Charles, IMystic, Sudbury, Concord, 
and Nashua rivers. The Middlesex canal passes 
through the n. e. part. Capitals, Concord, Cam- 
bridge, and Lowell. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 33,706, sheep 8,351, swine 20,591; wheat 
9,502bush. produced, rye6I,105, Ind. corn 230,473, 
buckwheat 5,974, barley 28,539, oats 86,021, po- 
tatoes 741,851 ; 13 houses in foreign trade, capital 
$165,000; 553 stores, cap. $1,388,400 ; 23 lumber 
yards, cap. $230,000 ; 2 furnaces, 36 forges, 7 ful- 
ling m., 18 woollen fac, 35 cotton fac. 189,664 sp., 
34 tanneries, 5 distilleries, 1 brewerj# 4 powder 
m., 5 potteries. 2 flouring m., 98 grist ra., 141 saw 



MTD 



405 



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m., 2 oil m., 13 paper fac, 13 printing offices, 12 
binderies, 6 periodicals, 8 weekly, 2 semi-weekly 
newspapers. Cap. in manufoc. §12,215,055. 1 
college. 341 students, 44 acad. 4,014 students, 339 
sch. 24,876 scholars. Pop. 106,6 1 1 . 

Middlesex, county, Ct. Centrally situated 
toward the s. part of the state, and contains 342 
sq. ms. Watered by Connecticut r., which runs 
centrally through it, and small tributaries which 
enter it. The river affords great facilities for 
navigation, and the small tributaries furnish wa- 
ter power. The surface is uneven ; soil, general- 
ly good, particularly on the r. Capitals, Middle- 
town and Haddam. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 15.667, sheep 14,758, swine 8,494 ; wheat 
5,463 bushels produced, rye 54,224, Indian corn 
103,920, buckwheat 9,169, barley 941, oats 40,028, 
potatoes 181,673 ; 105 stores, cap. $508,846 ; 7 
lumber yards, cap. $62,000 ; 8 fulling m., 1 vvool- 
len fac, 8 cotton fac. 7,646 sp., 1 dyeing and print- 
ing estab., 15 tanneries, 1 powder m., 28 grist rn., 
42 saw m., 4 printing offices, 1 bindery, 1 period- 
ical, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. 
$871,354. 1 college, 147 students, 7 acad. 32S 
students, 123 sch. 5,225 scholars. Pop. 24,879. 

Middlesex, county, N. J. Situated near the 
centre of the state, and contains 339 sq. ms. The 
surface on the s. e. is level, on the n. and n. e. it 
is undulating. The soil is various, from a light 
sand to a strong clay, and in some parts highly 
cultivated. Watered by Rarilan river and its 
branches. Millstone r. and Kahway r. Karitan 
bay forms an excellent harbor, communicating 
directly with the ocean, and with New York, 
through Staten Island sound. Capital, New 
Brunswick. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
12,992, sheep 8.310, swine 11,658 ; wheat 35,933 
bush, produced, rye 60,726, Ind. corn 194,474, 
buckwheat 42,234," bariey 1,519, oats 185,730, po- 
tatoes 86,965 ; 136 stores, cap. .$412,500; 5 lum- 
ber j'ards, cap. !*32,000 ; 1 cotton lac, 6 tanne- 
ries, 15 distilleries, 3 potteries, 1 flouring m., 21 
grist m., 20 saw m., 2 paper fac, 4 printing offices, 
2 binderies, 1 daily, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. 
in manufac. $441,900. 3 acad. 113 students. 70 
sch. 2,340 scholars. Pop. 21,893. 

Middlesex, county, Va. Situated in the e. 

Eart of the state, and contains 170 sq. ms. It lies 
etween the Rappahannock and Piankatank riv- 
ers, with Chesapeake bay on the e. Capital, 
Urbanna. There were in 1840, neat cattle 3,638, 
sheep 2,603, swine 6,801 ; wheat 17,027 bushels 
produced, rye 1,148, Indian corn 122,145, oats 
21,07S, potatoes 7,527, tobacco 1,3.50 pounds, cot- 
ton 2,620 ; 14 stores, cap. $25,600 ; 1 tannery, 1 
flouring m., 11 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $28,925. 10 sch. 202 scholars. Pop. whites 
2,041, slaves 2,209, free col'd 142; total, 4,392. 

Middlesex, p-t., Washington co., Vt., 6 n. e. 
Montpelier. It is bounded on the s. w. by Onion 
river, by the x. branch of which it is watered. 
The surface is uneven, and the soil, particularly 
along the streams, is fertile. Between the t. and 
Moretown, Onion r. passes through a rocky chasm, 
with perpendicular walls, 30 leet deep, 60 feet 
wide, and 80 rods long, across which a bridge is 
thrown. It is a curiosity. The v. is on the s. 
line of the t., on Onion r., and contauis a church, 
a store, and several mills and manufactories. The 
t. has 1 store, cap. $3,000 ; 1 grist m., 3 saw m., 1 
oil m. Cap. in manufac. $4,900. 12 sch. 487 
scholars. Pop. 1,270. 

]>IiDDLESEX, p-t., Yates CO., N. Y., 194 w. Al- 
bany. 3J3 W. The surface is slightly hilly ; soil, 
a fertile gravelly loam, well adapted to grain. 
Drained by West cr., (lov^'ing into Canandaigua 
lake, wiiich bounds it on the w. It has 1 grist 



m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,550. 12 sch. 
610 scholars. Pop. 1,439. 

Middlesex, t., Butler co., Pa. It has2 stores, 
cap. $5,000 ; 1 fulling m., 5 grist m., 3 saw mills. 
Cap. in manufac. $11,825. 9 sch. 345 scholars. 
Pop. 1,692. 

Middlesex, p-o., Ashtabula co., O., 206 n. e. 
Columbus, 343 W. 

Middlesex Village, pv., Middlesex co., 
Mass., 23 Boston, 441 W. 

Middle Smitiifield, t., Monroe co., Pa. It 
has 1 tannery, 2 grist in., 2 saw m. Pop. 1,144. 

Middle Spring, p-o., Marion co., O., 54 n. 
Columbus, 423 W. 

Middle Sw.vmp, p-o.. Gates co., N. C, 133 e. 
N. E. Raleigh, 234 W. 

Middletox, p-t., Straffijrd Co., N. H., 38 n. n. 
E. Concord, 519 W. The surface is level, but 
rough. Incorporated in 1778. It has 1 store, cap. 
$1,000; 1 tannery. Cap. in manufac. $1,500. 
4 sch. 155 scholars. Pop. 482. 

MiDDLETON, p-t., Essex CO., Mass., 22 n. Bos- 
ton, 462 W. Situated on both sides of Ipswich r., 
which afl<>rds water power. Ineorpoi'ated in 
1728. It has a paper in., which has manufactured 
100 tons of stock in a year, producing to the 
amount of $35,000. It has 2 stores, cap. $3,000; 

1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac Cap. in manufac. 
$10,000. 4 sch. 200 scholars. Pop. 657. 

MiDDLETON, t., Wood CO., O. It has 1 sch. 54 
scholars. Pop. 193. 

MiDDLETON, p-v., Carroll co., Miss., 102 N. 
Jackson, 987 W. 

MiDDLETON, p-v.. White CO., Ark., C2 n. K. 
Little Rock, 1,08^ W. 

MiDDLETOWN, p-t., Rutland co., Vt., 77 s. s. w. 
3Iontpelier, 441 W. Situated between 2 moun- 
tains. Watered by Poultney r., which affords 
water power. The soil is adapted to grazing. 
The V. at the centre contains a Congregational 
and a Baptist church, several store.s, and a num- 
ber of neat dwellings. The t. has 9 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $9,075. 9 sch. 333 scholars. Pop. 
1,077. 

MiDDLETOWN, t, Newport co., R. I., 23 s. by 
E. Providence. It is the middle of the 3 town- 
ships into which Rhode Island is divided. The 
surface is undulating ; soil, a fertile loam, and 
hijldy cultivated. Incorporated in 1743. It has 

2 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $1,800. 5 sch. 148 
scholars. Pop. 891. 

MiDDLETOWN, city, p-t., port of entry, and 
semi-capital of Middlesex co., Ct., is pleasantly 
situated on the w. bank of Connecticut r., 34ms. 
above its mouth, in 41° 33' 8" N. lat., and 72° 39' 
w. Ion., 14 s. Hartford, 24 .\. e. New Haven, 35 
N. w. New London, 326 W. Pop. 1820, 2,618, 
hicluding the t. 6,479 ; 1830, 2,96d, including the 
t. 6,892; 1840, 3,511, including the t. 7,010. The 
ground rises gradually from the river, and the 
principal streets run parallel with it, and are 
crossed by others running at right angles with 
them. Main-street, the principal street, is broad, 
and has many fine houses and stores. The city 
is well built, chiefly of brick, and in the back 
parts are many elevated and fine situations, with 
a commanding view of the river and surrounding 
country. It is at the head of ship navigation, and 
any vessels which can cross the bar at the mouth 
of the river, can come up to its wharves, which 
have 10 feet water. It has a daily communica- 
tion with Hartford and the city of New York by 
steamboats. A ferry boat connects the city with 
Chatham. Its public buildings are a handsome 
court house of Grecian architecture, a fine stone 
custom house, 2 banks, besides one for savings, a 
jail, an alra.shouse, and 7 churches — 2 Congrega- 



MID 



406 



MID 



tional, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, 1 Uni- 
versalist, and 1 African. It is the seat of the 
Wesleyan University, under the direction of the 
Methodists, founded in 1831. It has a president 
and 8 professors or tutors, 110 alumni, 80 students, 
and 6,500 vols, in its libraries. The commence- 
ment is on the first Thursday in August. The 
college buildings occupy an elevated position, 
and command an extensive prospect. The insti- 
tution has a valuable philosophical apparatus, and 
is flourishing. 

The t. extends 9 ms, from n. to s., and is from 
4 to 10 broad. It was settled in 1636. It rests 
chiefly on secondary red sandstone. A range of 
granite crosses Connecticut r. a little below, and 
forms the basis of a range of high hills. To the 
north of the city is a village called Middletown 
Upper Houses. Middletown has considerable 
commerce and manufactures. There were in 
1840, 37 stores, cap. $269,500 ; 3 lumber yards, 
cap. .$40,t)00 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 cot- 
ton fac. 11,000 .sp., 1 dyeing and printing estab., 
2 tanneries, 1 powder m., 2 grist m., 5 saw m., 1 
rope walk, 4 printing offices, I bindery, 2 weekly 
newspapers, 1 periodical. Capital in manufac. 
$379,600. 3 acad. 115 students, 33 sch. 1,268 scho- 
lars. Tonnage of the port, 14,230. 

Middletown, p-t., Delaware co., N. Y., 79w. 
s. w. Albany, 335 W. The surface is mountain- 
ous; soil, a sandy loam, and productive. Drained 
by Papacton branch of Delaware r. It lias 8 
stores, cap. $16,300 ; 2 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 7 
grist m., 19 saw m. Cap, in manufac. $33,260. 
20 sch. 754 scholars. Pop. 2,608. 

Middletown, v., Orange county, N.Y. (See 
South Middletown.) 

MiDDLETOW.N, p-t., Monmouth co., N. J., 51 e. 
N. E. Trenton, 220 W. The surface on the e., 
and in the centre, is hilly, elsewhere level. The 
soil is loam, sand, and clay, made productive by 
the use of marl. Sandy Hook bay runs s. into 
the t., and is bounded s. w. by the highlands of 
Nevisink, and on the K. by the sand beach form- 
ing Sandy Hook, extending 6 ms. n. from Shrews- 
bury inlet. Drained by Swimming and Nevisink 
rivers. The v. contains 3 churches — 1 Episcopal, 
1 Dutch Reformed, and 1 Baptist — 2 stores, and 
30 dwellings, some of them very neat. There 
are in tlie t, 33 stores, cap. $48,825 ; 3 lumber 
yards, cap. $2,900 ; 2 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 8 
distilleries, 11 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $65,250. 1 acad. 60 students, 19 sch. 1,239 
scholars. Pop. 6,063. 

Middletown, p-b., Swatara t., Dauphin co., 
Pa., 10 s. E. Harrisburg, 120 W. Situated near 
the junction of Swatara and Susquehanna rivers, 
where the Pennsylvania and Union canals unite. 
Incorporated in 1829. It contains 2 churches, 7 
stores, and 200 dwellings. It has several neat 
dwellings.and fine stores. Its trade is considera- 
ble in grain, flour, lumber, coal, and iron. 

Middletown, t., Bucks co., Pa., 20 n. n. e. 
Philadelphia. The surfoce is rolling ; soil, clay. 
Watered by Neshaminy cr., which forms its w. 
boundary, a tributary of which passes through 
the t., and Bristol creek. It has 4 stores, capital 
$15,000 ; 1 acad. 27 students, 2 sch. 17 scholars. 
Pop. 2,124. 

Middletown, t., Delaware co.. Pa., 20 w. 
Philadelphia. The surface is level ; soil, clay 
and loam. Chester cr. runs on its w. boundary, 
and Ridley cr. on its e. border. It has 3 store's, 
cap. $9,300 ; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 4 cotton 
fac. 4,800 sp., 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $95,500. 5 sch. 126 scholars. Pop. 1,451. 
Middletown, t., Susquehanna co.. Pa. Drain- 
ed by Wyalusing cr. and its branches. The sur- 



face is hilly ; soil, gravel and clay. It has 1 tan- 
nery, 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,850. 7 sch. 
140 scholars. Pop. 5S9. 

Middletown, p-v., New Castle co., Del., 47 
N. Dover, 121 W. Situated upon Appoquinimink 
creek. 

Middletown, p-v., Frederick co., Md., 8 n. 
w. by w. Frederick, 83 n. w. Annapolis, 51 W. 
Situated on Middle cr., a branch of Catoctin cr. 

Middletown, p-v., Frederick co., Va., 158 n. 
N. w. Richmond, 87 W. Situated on Meadow 
run, upon which are several mills. It contains 

2 churches, 5 stores, an academy, and about 400 
inhabitants, many of whom are employed in the 
manufacture of wagons. 

Middletown, p-v., Hyde co., N. C.,219e. by 
s. Raleigh, 494 W. 

Middletown, p-v., Butler co., Ala., 162 s. S. 
E. Tuscaloosa, 904 W. 

Middletown, p-v.. Lemon t., Butler co., O., 
30 N. Cincinnati, 90 w. s. w. Columbus, 480 W. 
Situated on the e. side of Miami r. The Mi- 
ami canal passes through the place. It contains 

3 churches, 11 stores, 2 pork houses, 1 woollen 
fac, 1 grist m., 1 academy, 150 dwellings, and 
about 1,000 inhabitants. There is here a toll 
bridge across the r. 

Middletown v., Butler t., Columbiana co., O. 
Pop. 27. 

Middletown, t., Columbiana co., O. It has 
7 sch. 147 scholars. Pop. 1,601. 

Middletown, p-v., Jefferson co., Ky., 42 w. 
Frankfort, 584 W. It contains 1 church, and 
about 200 inhabitants. 

Middletown, p-v., Henry co., la., 44 e. by n. 
Indianapolis, 546 W. Situated on the w. side of 
Fall cr. 

Middletown, t., Shelby co., la. It has 2 
stores, cap. $400. Cap. in manufac. $710. Pop. 70. 

Middletown, p-v., Logan co., 111., 20 n. e. 
Springfield, 792 W. 

Middletown, p-v., Montgomery co., Mo., 57 
N. E. Jefl^erson City, 899 W. 

Middletown Point, p-v., port of delivery, 
Middletown t., Monmouth co., N. J., 43 e. by n. 
Trenton, 209 W. Situated on Middletown cr., 3 
miles from Rarit.an bay, on an elevated bank, 50 
feet above the stream. It contains a Presbyte- 
rian church, a bank, 10 stores, and about 100 
dwellings, many of them neat. It has consider- 
able trade. 

MiDDLEviLLE, p-v., Fairfield t., Herkimer co., 
N. Y., 82 w. N. w. Albany, 401 W. Situated ou 
both sides of West Canada cr. It contains 1 
church, 3 stores, 2 cotton fac, 1 grist m., 1 saw 
m., 1 cabinet and chair fac, 50 dwellings, and 
about 300 inhabitants. 

MiDDLEviLLE, p-o., Barry co., Mich., 154 w. 
by N. Detroit, 619 W. 

MiDDLEWAY, p-v., Jefferson co., Va., 162 n. by 
w. Richmond, 72 W. 

Midland, county, Mich. Situated in the n. e. 
part of the settled portion of the peninsula, on 
Saginaw bay, and contains 560 sq. ms. Water- 
ed by Titibawassee r., and Chippewa r., its trib- 
utary, which receives Fine r. from the s. Capital, 
Midland. 

Mid River, p-o., Caroline co., Va., 57 n. Rich- 
mond, 76 W. 

Midway, p-o., Davidson co., N. C, 119 w. 
Raleigh, 330 W. 

Midway, p-v., Barnwell dist., S. C.,72 s. s. w. 
Columbia, 578 W. 

Midway, p-v., Jones co., Ga., 22 w. Milledge- 
ville, 657 W. 

Midway, p-v., Monroe co., Tenn., 164 e. s. e. 
Nashville, 514 W. 



MIF 



407 



MIL 



Midway, p-v., Woodford eo., Ky., 20 s. e. 
Frankfort, 542 W. 

MiuvvAY, p-0., Spencer co., la., 172 s. s. w. 
Indianapolis, 699 W. 

Midway, p-v., Barbour co., Ala., 199 s. E. Tus- 
caloosa, 807 W. 

Midway Inn, p-o.. Prince Edward co., Va., 85 
w. s. w. Richmond, 175 W. 

MiFFJLiN, county. Pa. Situated near the cen- 
tre of the slate, and contains 9(X) sq. miles. The 
surface is uneven and mountainous, but much of 
the soil is very fertile. Watered by Juniata r., 
along which proceeds the Pennsylvania canal. 
Capital, Lewiston. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 9,933, sheep 11,323, swine 15,002; wheat 
3J7,696 bush, produced, rye 47,466, Indian corn 
189,451, buckwheat 8,619, oats 2^7,321, potatoes 
51,499; 47 stores, cap. $226,800 ; 4 furnaces, 2 
forges, 2 fulUng m., 5 woollen fac, 14 tanneries, 
5 distilleries, 1 brewery, 2 printing offices, 1 
weekly newspaper, 24 grist m., 61 saw m Cap. 
in manufac. li;227,H65. Pop. 13,092. 

Mifflin, t., Lycoming co.. Pa. It has 1 dis- 
tillery, 1 pottery, 3 grist ra., 5 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $9,400. 5 sch. 445 scholars. Pop. 1,224. 

Mifflin, t., Alleghany co.. Pa., 8 s. Pittsburg. 
Bounded on the n. k. and s. E. by the Mononga- 
hela r. The surface is hilly ; soil, loam. Drained 
by Thompson's run, Strut's run, and Peters cr., 
which flow into the Monongahela. It has 5 stores, 
cap. $3,500 ; 4 distilleries, 4 flouring m., 3 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $21,900. 5 sch. 130 scholars. 
Pop. 1,654. 

Mifflin, t., Cumberland co.. Pa., 17 n. w. 
Carli.sle. The surface is hilly ; soil, slaty. The 
Conedogwinit cr. bounds it on the s., and Blue 
mountains on the n. It has 2 stores, cap. $4,000 ; 
2 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 7 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $17,900. 8 sch. 310 scholars. 
Pop. 1,412. 

Mifflin, t., Columbia co., Pa. It has 5 stores, 
cap. $26,300 ; 1 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 2 flouring 
m., 2 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufactures 
$13,478. 5 sch. 148 scholars. Pop. 2,150. 

Mifflin, t., Dauphin co.. Pa., 23 n. e. Harris- 
burg. The surface is mountainous on the n. and 
s. ; soil, red shale. Mahantango mountain bounds 
it N., and Berry's mountain s. Watered by Wi- 
conisco cr. It contains a Lutlieran church. It 
has 7 stores, cap. $24,000; 1 fulling m., 3 tanner- 
ies, 1 pottery, 5 flouring m., 1 grist m., 8 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $29,755. 7 sch. 230 scholars. 
Pop. 1,781. 

Mifflin, p-t., Richland co., O., 5 e. 3Iansfield, 
72 N. by E. Columbus, 369 W. The soil is fer- 
tile, and well cultivated. Pop. 1,8(K). 

Mifflin, t., Franklin co., O. The soil is va- 
rious. Organized in 1811. It has 2 schools 40 
scholars. Pop. 825. 

Mifflin, t., Crawford co., O. It lias 3 sch. 98 
scholars. Pop. 316. 

Mifflin, t.. Pike co., O. It 1ms 1 grist m., 1 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $240. 2 sch. 61 schol- 
ars. Pop. 666. 

Mifflin, p-v., Henderson co., Tenn., 133 w. s. 
■w. Nashville, 817 W. 

Mifflinsburg, ph., BuflTalo t.. Union co.. Pa., 
76 N. Harri.sburg, 186 W. Situated on the s. side 
of Buffalo cr., and contains 2 churches — 1 Luther- 
an and 1 Methodist — 5 stores, 90 dwellings, and 
about 550 inhabitants. Incorporated in 1827. 
There are in the t. 6 stores, cap. $35,000 ; 2 tan- 
neries, 2 breweries, 2 potteries. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $9,500. 1 acad. 25 students, 3 sch. 180 schol- 
ars. Pop. 704. 

Mifflintown, p-b., Fermanagh t., capital of 
Juniata co.. Pa., 45 n. w. Harrisburg, 136 W. 



Situated on the e. bank of Juniata r., and on the 
Pennsylvania canal. It contains 1 Methodist 
church, several stores, 1 academy, 2 schools 120 
scholars. Pop. 420. 

MiFFLiNviLLE, p-v., Mifllin t., Columbia co., 
Pa., 103 N. N. E. lltirrisburg, 213 W. Situated 
on the s. e. side of Su.s()uehanna r., and contains 
1 Lutheran and 1 Methodist church, 2 stores, and 
20 dwellings. 

MiKENAUK, county, Mich., a central northern 
CO. It contains .576 sq. ms. It has 2 lakes, the 
(jutlets of w hich form the Maskegon river. The 
head waters of the Au Sable also rise in this co. 
(It is unorganized.) 

Milan, p-t., Coos co., N. H., 118 n. by e. Con- 
cord, 537 W. The surface is uneven. Watered 
by Androscoggin r., and a branch of Upper Am- 
monoosuc r. Chartered in 1771. It has 2 grist 
in., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,400. 6 sch. 
151 scholars. Pop. 336. 

Milan, p-t, Dutchess co., N. Y., 62 s. Albany, 
322 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, clay and 
gravelly loam. Drained by a branch of Roeliii' 
Jansen's cr. and Sawkill cr. It has 5 stores, cap. 
$11,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 5 grist m., 5 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $18,500. 5 sch. 366 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,725. 

Milan, p-o., Bradford co.. Pa., 149 n. Harris- 
burg, 259 W. 

Milan, p-t., Erie co., O., 103 n. Columbus, 39G 
W. Situated on Huron r. The v. is on the s. e. 
bank of the r., 8 ms. from Lake Erie, on a bluff" 
60 or 70 feet above the r., on the site of an old 
Indian town. A ship canal is constructed to near 
the mouth of Huron r., 8 miles, by which vessels 
can come to the v. It contains a brick church, 
an academy, 10 stores, 2 saw m., 1 grist m., 1 oil 
m., 1 carding machine and fulling ra., various 
mechanic shops, and about 800 inhabitants. 
There are in the t. 11 sch. 608 scholars. Pop. 
1,531. 

Milan, p-t., Monroe co., Mich., .50 s. w. De- 
troit, 507 \V. Watered by Saline and Macon 
rivers. It has 1 grist m,, 2 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $2,900. 1 sch. 28 scholars. Pop. 363. 

Milan, p-v., Garrard co., Ky., 52 s. s. e. Frank- 
fort, 550 W. 

Milan, p-t., Calhoun co., 111., 94 s. w. Spruig- 
field, 835 W. It has 1 store, cap. $3,000. Cap. 
in manufac. $325. Pop. 296. 

Milburnton, p-o., Greene co., Tenn., 276 e. 
Nashville, 425 W. 

3I1LBURY, p-l., Worcester co., Mass., 6 s. E. 
Worcester, 43 w. by s. Bost(jn, 403 W. The 
surface is elevated : soil, fertile. Incorporated 
in 1813. Watered by Blackatone r., along which 
passes the Blackstone canal. A branch of the 
Boston and Worcester railroad extends to this 
place. It has 5 churches — 3 (.'ongregational, 1 
Baptist, and 1 Melhodisi — and 3 villages. It con- 
tains 5 stores, cap. $25,000 ; 1 1 fulling m., 5 wool- 
len fac, 3 cotton fac. 4,960 sp., 1 tannery, 1 paper 
fac, 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufactures 
§261,600. 1 acad. 45 students, 10 sch. 462 schol- 
ars. Pop. 2,171. 

MiLBURY, p-v., Centre co., Pa., 87 n. w. Har- 
risburg, 179 W. 

3I1LES, t., Centre co.. Pa. It has 2 stores, cap. 
$6,000 : 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 4 grist m., 5 saw 
in. Cap. in manufac. $9,500. 7 sch. 210 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,193. 

Milestown, p-v., Bristol t., Philadelphia co.. 
Pa., 104 E. by s. Harrisburg, 144 W. Pleasanily 
situated on a gentle hill, and contains 2 stores, 
and about 30 dwellings. 

MiLFoiiu, p-t., Penobscot co.. Me., 82 n. e. 
Augusta, 677 W Situated on the E. side of Pe- 



MIL 



408 



MIL 



nobscot r., opposite to Orono. Watered by Sunk- 
haze r., which flows into the Penobscot. It has 
7 stores, cap. $18,000; 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 
21 saw rn., 3 sch. 144 scholars. Pop. 474. 

MiLFORD, p-t., Hillsboro' co., N. II., 33 s. by 
w. Concord, 458 W. Situated on botli sides of 
Souhegan r., which affords water power, and on 
which is rich bottom land. It has 4 stores, cap. 
$10,000; 1 lulling m., 2 tanneries, 1 grist ni., 1 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $22,200. 11 sch. 357 
scholars. Pop. 1,455. 

MiLFORD, p-t., Worcester co., Mass., 3) s. w. 
by w. Boston, 40'J W. The surface is diversified ; 
soil, generally fertile. Watered by Charles and 
Mill rivers. Incorporated in 1780. It has 8 store.s, 
cap. $12,600 ; 1 woollen fac, 5 grist m., 5 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $55,500. 1 acad. 22 students, 
5 sch. 165 scholars. Pop. 1,773. 

MiLFORD, p-t., New Haven co., Ct., 45 s. s. w. 
Hartford, 291 W. The surface is level, or 
slightly uneven; soil, productive. Housatonic 
r. bounds it on tlie w., and Long Island sound on 
the s. Watered by Wepawaug r., which affords 
water power. The harbor is shallow, but admits 
vessels of 200 tons. Excellent oysters and clams 
are taken on tlie coast. Beautiful serpentine 
marble is found here. The v. contains 4 church- 
es, several stores, and about 100 dwellings, 
many of them neat and handsome. The Wash- 
ington bridge across tlie Housatonic connects 
this place with Stratford. It has a draw, 1^' ad- 
mit vessels which navigate to Derby. There 
are in the t. 11 stores, cap. $16,500; 1 lumber 
yard, cap. $2,000 ; 1 tannery, 4 grist m., 3 saw- 
in. Cap. in manufac. $33'.),050. 2 acad. 32 stu- 
dents, 14 sch. 764 scholars. Pop. 2,455. 

MiLFORD, p-t., Otsego CO., N. v., 13 s. Cooper.s- 
town, 77 vv. Albany, 365 W. The surface is 
hilly and broken ; soil, in the valleys, a fertile 
loam, with some alluvion. Drained by Susque- 
hanna r. and its tributaries. The v. is situated 
on a plain, and contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 
Methodist church, 6 stores, 2 tanneries, 1 saw m., 
1 fulling m., 40 dwellings, and about 250 inhabit- 
ants. There are in the t. 4 stores, cap. $4,500 ; 
1 fulling m., 1 woollen fee, 3 tanneries, 2 grist 
m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $21,850. 12 
sch. 550 scholars. Pop. 2,095. 

MiLFORD, p-v., Alexandria t., Hunterdon co., 
N.J., 39 N. w. Trenton, 196 W. Situated on 
the E. side of Delaware r., at the entrance of a 
small cr. It contains a Presbyterian, and a 
Christian or Unitarian church, which admits fe- 
males to participate in the ministry. 

MiLFORD, p-t., capital of Pike co.. Pa., 162 n. 
E. by E. Harrisburg, 256 W. The v. is situated 
on the w. side of Delaware r., on a commanding 
eminence. A fine bridge here crosses the r. It 
contains 2 churches, and an academy. There 
are in tlie t. 1 acad. 46 students, 1 sch. 36 schol- 
ars. Pop. 648. 

MiLFORD, t., Bucks CO., Pa., 36 n. w. Pliiladel- 
phia. I'he surface is rolling ; soil, gravel and 
clay. Drained by Swamp cr., a branch of Per- 
kiomen cr. It contains the v. of Charleston, 
where is a church. It has 7 stores, cap. $24,000 ; 

1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 4 potteries, 10 grist m., 
10 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manuihc. $J,850. 

2 sch. 47 scholars. Pop. 2,193. 

MiLFORD, t., Juniata co.. Pa. Situated on the 
south side of Juniata r. It has 1 acad. 30 stu- 
dents, 10 sch. 423 scholars. Pop. 1,824. 

MiLFORD, t., Somerset co.,Pa., 7 s. w. Somer- 
set. Drained by Castleman's r. and its tributa- 
ries, and Laurel Hill cr. Iron ore and stone 
coal are abundantly found. It has 3 stores, cap. 
$16,000 ; 2 fulUng m., 2 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 



2 potteries, 5 grist m., 15 saw m., I oil m. Cap. 
in manufac. $6,500. 1 sch. 24 scholars. Pop. 
1,632. 

3I1LFORD, p-v., and hundred, Kent co., Del., 
95 s. Philadelphia, 21 s. by e. Dover, 129 W. 
Situated on the n. side of Mispillon cr., which 
enters Delaware bay. There are in the hundred, 
13 stores, cap. .$6,990 ; 2 tanneries, 6 grist m., 3 
saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $24,000. 2 acad. 65 
students, 6 schools, 331 scholars. Population, 
2,356. 

MiLFORD, p-v., Warren co., Va. 

MiLFORD, p-v., Greenville dist., S. C, 119 n. 
w. by w. Columbia, 491 W. 

3I1LFORD, p-v.. Bracken co., Ky., 54 n. e. 
Frankfort, 499 W. Situated on a branch of 
Licking r. 

MiLFORD, p-v., Miami t., Clermont co., O., 112 
s. w. Columbus, 434 W. Situated on Little 
Miami r. It contains 1 Methodist Episcopal 
church, 7 stores, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m., 1 card- 
ing and fulling m., 1 distillery, 1 pottery, 1 tan- 
nery, various mechanic shops, 80 dwellings, and 
about 500 inhabitants. 

MiLFORD, t., Butler co., O. It has 10 sch. 515 
scholars. Pop. 1,86S. 

MiLFORD, t., Knox CO., O. The surface is 
level ; soil, fertile. Pop. 1,153. 

MiLFORD, p-t., Oakland co., Mich., 41 n. w. 
Detroit, 565 W. It has 6 stores, cap. $12,750 ; 2 
flour m., 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$4,320. 4 sch. 120 scholars. Pop. 880. 

MiLFORD, t., Williams co., O. It has 1 grist 
m., 1 saw m. Cap. m manufac. $5,000. 3 sch. 
59 scholars. Pop. 175. 

MiLFORD, p-o.. Kosciusko CO., la., 139 n. In- 
dianapolis, 616 VV. 

MiLFORD, t.. La Grange co., la. It has 1 saw 
ra. Cap. in manufac. $1,000. 1 sch. 30 schol- 
ars. Pop. 298. 

MiLFORD, p-o., Iroquois co.. III., 163 N. E. 
Springfield, 694 W. 

MiLFORD Centre, p-o., Milford t., Otsego co., 
N. Y., 77 w. Albany, 359 W. 

MiLFORD Centre, p-o.. Union t.. Union co.. 
O., 32 N. w. Columbus, 425 W. The t. has 1 
sch. 82 scholars. Pop. 201. 

Military Grove, p-o., Burke co., N. C, 220 
w. Raleigh, 440 W. 

MiLiT.YRV Road, p-o., Theresa t., Jefferson 
CO., N. Y., 179 N. w. Albany, 431 W. 

MiLLARDSviLLE, p-v., Su.squcliamia co., Pa., 
162 N. N. E. Harrisburg, 270 W. 

Mill, t., Tuscarawas co., O. It has 3 stores, 
cap. $19,2a0; 2 coin, houses, cap. $10,000; 1 
tannery, 1 distillery, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $13,100. 7 sch. 394 scholars. Pop. 
1,225. 

Mill Bayou, p-o., Mississippi co., Ark. 

3I1LLSBOROUGH Springs, p-o., Bath co., Va., 
162 w. N. w. Richmond, 202 W. 

MiLLBRooK, p-o., Litchfield co., Ct., 31 w. 
Hartford, 349 W. 

MiLLBURY, t., Worcester co., Mass., 43 vv. s. 
w. Boston. The surface is hilly ; soil, fertile. 
Drained by branches of Blackstone r. The 
Blackstone canal passes through it. Incorpora- 
ted in 1813. It contains a bank and 5 churches 
— 3 Congregational and 1 Baptist. It has 5 
stores, cap. ,$25,000; 11 fulling m., 5 woollen 
lac, 1 tannery, 1 paper fac, 3 grist m., 3 saw ra. 
Cap. in manufac. $^61,600. 1 acad. 45 students, 
10 sell. 462 scholars. Pop. 2,171. 

MiLLBROoK, p-v., Clinton t., Wayne co., O., 
93 N. E. Columbus, 350 W. It contains 2 stores, 
30 dwellings, and about 150 inhabitants. 

MiLLBUKN, p-v., Hickman co., Ky. 



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409 



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Mill Creek, p-o., Huntington co., Pa., 87 
Harrisburg, 146 W. 

Mill Creek, hundred. New Castle co., Del. 
It has 3 sch. 145 scholars. Pop. 3,144. 

Mill Creek, t., Erie co.. Pa. It has 1 fulling 
m., 2 breweries, 3 grist m., 17 saw m., 15 sch. 
45i scholars. Pop. 2,632. 

Mill Creek, p-o., Berkley co., Va., 159 n. 
Richmond, 83 W. 

Mill Creek, p-v.. Person co., N. C. 

Mill Creek, p-t., Cosliocton co., O., 93 n. e. 
Columbus, 348 W. It has 1 tannery. Cap. in 
manuiac. $250. 1 sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 907. 

Mill Creek, t., Hamilton co., O. It contains 
1 college, 32 students, 1 acad. 125 students, 9 
sch. 169 scholars. Pop. 6,249. 

Mill Creek, t.. Union co., O. Much of the 
soil is very fertile. It has 3 sch. 57 scholars. 
Pop. 523. 

Mill Creek, t., WiUiams co., O. It has 1 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $700. 1 sch. 20 
scholars. Pop. 109. 

Mill Creek, p-o., Madison co., la., 44 n. e. 
Indianapolis, 543 VV. 

Mill Creek, p-o., Alexander co., 111., 207 s. 
Springfield, 841 W. 

Mill Creek, p-o., Ripley co.. Mo. 

Milld.\le, p-o., Henry co., O., 157 n. w. Co- 
lumbus, 499 W. 

Milldale, p-v., Warren co.. Miss., 151 w. 
Jackson, 1,061 W. 

MiLLEDGEViLLE, p-v.. Montgomery co., N. C, 
133 w. s. w. Raleigh, 389 W. 

MiLLEDGEViLLE, city and capital of Baldwin 
CO., and of the state of Georgia, 158 n. vv. Sa- 
vannah, 89 w. s. vv. Augusta, 193 n. Darien, 
618 W. Situated on the w. bank of the 
Oconee r., at the head of .steamboat navigation, 
and at the junction of Fishing cr. Laid out in 1803. 
It contains 10 streets parallel with the r., crossed 
by 10 others at right angles with them. The 
streets are 100 feet wide, excepting Washington, 
a central street, which is 120. There are 3 
squares made by tlie omission of a street in each 
direction, called Statehouse, Governors and 
Penitentiary square, each 450 on a side. The 
state house, in the centre of Statehouse scjuare, 
J of a niile from the r., is a handsome building of 
Gothic architecture, erected in 1828, and cost 
$115,000. It contains a fine representatives 
hall, 60 by 54 feet, ornamented with portraits of 
Gen. Oglethorpe, Washington, La Fayette, and 
Jefferson ; and various public offices. The other 
public buildings are a governor's house, a state 
arsenal, a penitentiary, a market house, 3 banks, 
an academy, 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 
Baptist, and 1 Methodist. Pop. 2,095. A toll 
bridge crosses the Oconee r. here 550 feet wide, 
which cost $20,000. A short distance from 
Milledgeville, in Medway v., is Oglethorpe Col- 
lege, founded in 1836, and contahis a president 
and 5 professors or other instructors, and 31 stu- 
dents. 

MiLLEDGEViLLE, p-v., White CO., Tenn., 86 
E. Nashville, 608 W. 

Miller, county. Mo. Situated near the cen- 
tre of the state, and contains 555 sq. ras. Draui- 
ed by Osage r. The surface is broken ; soil, on 
the streams, very fertile. Capital, Tuscumbia. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 2,935, sheep 
2,260, swine 9,304 ; wheat 5,005 bush, produced, 
Ind. corn 99,180, oats 8,163, potatoes 3,418, tobac- 
co 4,601 pounds, cotton 1,209 ; 2 stores, 3 distil- 
leries, 5 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$2,554. 3 sch. 65 scholars. Pop. whites 2,170, 
slaves 111, free cold 1 ; total, 2,282. 

Miller, t., Dearborn co., la. It has 1 store, 3 
52 



grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,400. 5 
sch. 150 scholars. Pop. 1,209. 

Miller, t., Macon co., Mo. Pop. 149. 

Miller, t., Polk co.. Mo. Pop. 155. 

Miller, t., Knox co., O. The soil is well 
adapted to grazing. Settled chiefly by emigrants 
from Connecticut and Rhode Island. Pop. 977. 

Millers, p-o., Lawrence co., O., 131 s. by e. 
Columbus, 393 W. 

Millers Bay, p-o., Lyme t., Jefferson co., 
N. Y. 

Millersburg, p-v.. Upper Paxton t., Dauphin 
CO., Pa., 31 N. Harrisburg, 141 W. Situated on 
the E. bank of Susquehanna r., at the confluence 
of Wiconisco cr. It contains a Lutheran church, 
3 stores, and about 70 dwellings. The railroad 
from the coal mine in Lyken's valley to the r. 
passes near the v. 

Millersburg, p-v., Bourbon co., Ky., 44 e. 
Frankfort, 499 W. 

Millersburg, p-v., Rutherford co., Tenn., 44 
s. E. Nashville, 675 W. 

Millersburg, p-v., Hardy t., capital of Holmes 
CO., O., 87 N. E. Columbus, 343 W. Situated on 
the E. side of Killbuck cr. It contains a court 
house, jail, 1 church, 10 stores, a printing office 
issuing a weekly newspaper, 100 dwellings, and 
about 600 inhabitants. 

Millersburg, p-v., Mercer co.. El. 

Millersburg, p-v., Callaway co.. Mo., 34 N. 
E. Jefferson City, 929 W. 

Miller's i^Iill, p-o.. Christian co., Ky. 

Miller's Place, p-v., Brookhaven t., Suffolk 
CO., N. Y., 207 s. s. E. Albany, 257 W. Situated 
near the Sound shore, and contains an academy, 
and about 20 dwellings. 

Millersport, p-v.. Walnut t., Fau-field co., 
O., 30 s. E. Columbus, 373 W. 

iMiller's Tavern, p-o., Essex co., Va., 40 n. 
E. Richmond, 122 W. 

Millerstown, p-v., Greenwood t.. Perry co.. 
Pa., 30 N. w. Harrisburg, 140 W. It contains a 
Presbyterian church, 5 stores, and about 90 
dwellings. 

Millerstown, p-v., Champaign co., O., 55 w. 
by N. Columbus, 449 W. 

Millerstown, p-v., Grayson co., Ky., 125 s. 
w. by w. Frankfort, 650 W. 

Millersville, p-v., Lancaster co., Pa., 39 s. 
E. Harrisburg, 111 W. 

Millersville, p-o., Anne Arundel co., Md. 

Millersville, p-v., iMarion co., la., 7 In- 
dianapolis, 578 W. 

MiLLFiELD, p-v., Dover t., Athens co., O., 73 
s. E. Columbus, 348 W. Situated on Sunday cr., 
3 ms. from its entrance into Hockhocking r. It 
contains 1 church, 2 stores, 1 grist m., and 1 saw 
m. Three salt works in the vicinity produce 
over 200 bushels of salt daily. 

MiLLFORD, p-v., Lewis co.. Mo., 164 n. by E. 
Jefferson City, 913 W. 

MiLLFORD Mills, p-o., Prince Edward co., 
Va., 41 w. s. w. Richmond, 105 VV. 

Mill Grove, p-o., Cabarrus co., N. C, 148 w. 
Raleigh, 383 W. 

Mill Grove, po., Sumter dist., S. C, 81 E. 
Columbia, 501 W. 

Mill Grove, p-o., Cobb co., Ga., 114 n. w. 
.Milledgeville, 685 W. 

Mill Grove, p-o., Warren co., O., 90 s. vv. 
Columbus, 464 W. 

Mill Grove, po., Owen co., la., 50 s. w. In- 
dianapolis, 619 W. 

Mill Hall, p-o., Clinton co.. Pa., 104 n. n. vv. 
Harrisburg, 196 W. 

Mill Haven, p-v., Scriven co., Ga., 106 e. by 
s. Milledgeville, 629 W. 



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410 



MIL 



MiLi.HEiM, p-v., Hains t., Centre co., Pa., 88 
N. w. Harrisburg, 180 W. It contains a Method- 
ist church, 2 stores, and about 50 dwellings. 

Mill Hill, p-o., Cabarrus co., N. C, 148 w. 
Raleigh, 385 W. 

Milliken's Bend, p-o., Madison co., La. 

MiLLiNGTON, p-o., Franklin co., Mass., 70 w. 
by N. Boston, 400 W. 

MiLLiNGTON, p-v.. East Haddam t., Middlesex 
CO., Ct., 36 E. by s. Hartford, 350 W. 

MiLLiNGTON, p-o., Somerset co., N. J., 43 n. 
Trenton, 213 W. 

MiLLiNGTON, p-v., Kent co., Md., 61 E. N. E. 
Annapolis, 101 W. Situated on the N. side of 
Chester r. 

MiLLiNGTON, p-o., Albemarle co., Va., 103 w. 
N. w. Richmond, 139 W. 

MiLLMOUNT, p-o., Huntingdon co., la., 132 n. 
N. E. Indianapolis, 597 W. 

Mill Pl.\in, p-v., Fairfield co., Ct., 72 s. w. 
Hartford, 296. 

Mill Point, p-v., Pocahontas co., Va., 210 w. 
N. w. Richmond, 245 VV. 

Mill Port, p-v., Veteran t., Chemung co., N. 
Y., 199 w. s. w. Albany, 292 W. Situated on 
Catherine's cr., on the line of the Chemung canal. 
It contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist church, 
2 stores, 2 flouring m., 10 savv^ m., 1 plaster m., 1 
clothier's works, 1 sash fac, 1 tannery, 50 dwell- 
ings, and about 340 inhabitants. I'he creek has 
here a succession of falls, in the whole of 100 
feet descent. 

Mill Port, p-v.. Potter co., Pa., 185 n. n. w. 
Harrisburg, 296 W. 

Mill Port, p-o., Fayette co., Ala., 65 n. w. 
Tuscaloo.sa, 867 W. 

Mill Port, p-v., Laurel co., Ky., 106 s. e. 
Frankfort, 556 W. 

Mill Port, p-v., Jackson co., la., 80 s. In- 
dianapolis, 605 W. 

Mill River, p-o., Berkshire co., Mass., 133 
w. Boston, 354 W. 

Mill River, p-o.. Buncombe co., N. C, 272 
w. Raleigh, 502 W. 

MiLLSBOROUGiT, p-0., Washington co.. Pa. 

MiLLSBORo', p-v., Sussex CO., Del., 49 s. Do- 
ver, 143 W. 

Mills Corners, p-o., Broadalbin t., Fulton 
CO., N. Y., 43 N. w. Albany, 411 W. 

MiLLSFiELD, t., Coos CO., N. H. Pop. 12. 

MiLLSFORD, t., Ashtabula co., O. It has 2 sch. 
35 scholars. Pop. 173. 

Mills Point, p-v., Hickman co., Ky., 310 s. 
w. by w. Frankfort, 337 W. Situated on the e. 
bank of the Mississippi r. It has a convenient 
landing, several large warehouses and stores, 
and about 25 dwellings. 

Mills Prairie, p-o., Edwards co.. III., 150 s. 
E. Springfield, 730 W. 

Mill Springs, p-o., Wayne co., Ky., 101 s. 
Frankfort, 607 W. 

Millstone, cr., N. J., rises in Monmouth co., 
and enters the Raritan in Somerset co. It is a 
strong and rapid stream. The Delaware and 
Raritan canal passes, a considerable distance, 
along this stream. 

Mill Stone, p-v., Hillsborough t., Somerset 
CO., N. J., 27 N. Trenton, 201 W. Situated on 
tlie s. bank of Millstone r., and contains a Dutch 
Reformed church, 3 stores, and about 40 dwell- 
ings, many of them neat. 

Milltown, p-o., Wa.shington co., Me., 198 E. 
by N. Augusta, 784 W. 

Milltown, p-v., Kent t., Putnam co., N. Y., 
100 s. Albany, 297 W. It contains 2 churches, 4 
stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 iron foundry, 1 
clothier's works, and about 40 dwellings. 



Milltown, p-v., Crawford co., la., 113 s. by 
w. Indianapolis, 627 W. 

Millview, p-v., Fauquier co., Va., 103 n. by 
w. Richmond, 86 W. 

Millville, p-v., Worcester co., Mass., 43 \i. 
Boston, 408 W. 

Millville, p-v., Shelby t., Orleans co., N. 
Y., 257 w. N. w. Albany, 397 W. It contains 2 
churches, one of them a Friends, an academy, 2 
stores, 2 saw m., 1 tannery, and 12 or 15 dwell- 
ings. 

Millville, p-t., Cumberland co., N. J., 67 s. 
by w. Trenton. The surface is level ; soil, sandy, 
and not very productive. Drained by Maurice 
r. and its tributaries, the chief of which is Manan- 
tico cr. The v. is situated on the e. bank of 
Maurice r., 20 ms. from its mouth. It contains 5 
stores, and extensive glass works, and about 65 
dwellings. It has 5 stores, cap. $19,500; 5 glass 
houses, 5 gri.st m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manid'ac. 
$183,920. 5 sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 1,771. 

Millville, p-o., Columbia co., Pa., 89 n. n. 
E. Harrisburg, 199 W. 

Millville, p-v.. King George co., Va., 89 n. 
N. E. Richmond, 86 W. 

Millville, p-v., Spartanburg dist., S. C, 101 
N. w. Columbia, 486 W. 

Millville, p-v., Lincoln co., Tenn., 97 s. 
Nashville, 732 W. 

Millville, p-v., Caldwell co., Ky., 231 w. 
s. w. Frankfort, 763 W. 

Millville, p-v., Ross t., Butler co., O., 108 
w. s. w. Columbus, 496 W. Situated on the n. 
bank of Indian cr. It contains 2 stores, 1 flour- 
ing m., and about 250 inhabitants. 

Millville, p-v., Butler co., Ala., 154 s. s. E. 
Tuscaloosa, 890 W. 

Millville, p-o., Jo-Daviess co., 111. 

Millville, p-o., Clayton co., Iowa. 

Millwood, p-v., Clarke co., Va., 135 n. n. w. 
Richmond, 66 W. 

Millwood, p-o., Dooly co., Ga., 86 s. s. w. 
MilledgeviUe, 733 W. 

Millwood, p-o., Knox co., O., 69 n. e. Colum- 
bus, 369 W. 

Millwood, t., Guernsey co., O. It has 9 sch. 
245 scholars. Pop. 1,596. 

MiLNERSviLLE, p-0., Monroc t, Guernsey co., 
O., 89 E. Columbus, 314 W. Situated in New 
Birmingham v. 

MiLo, p-t., Piscataquis CO., Me., 93 n. n. e 
Augusta, 695 W. Drained by Piscataquis r., and 
Pleasant r., and other branches of it. Incorpo- 
rated in 1823. It has 1 fuUing m., 1 furnace, 1 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $1,200. 7 sch. 327 scholars. 
Pop. 756. 

AliLO, p-t., Yates co., N. Y., 193 w. Albany, 
320 W. It contains the v. of Penn Yan, the 
capital of the co. The surface is undulating ; 
soil, gravelly and clay loam, and fertile. Drained 
by the outlet of Crooked lake, which lies on its 
w. border. It has 20 stores, cap. $74,335; 4 
fulling m., 1 furnace, 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 2 
printing offices, 1 bindery, 2 weekly and 1 peri- 
odical newspapers, 2 grist ra., 9 saw m., 1 oil m. 
Cap. in manufac. $107,022. 17 sch. 933 scholars. 
Pop. 3,986. 

MiLo Centre, p-v., Milo t., Yates co., N. Y., 
196 w. Albany, 325 W. It contains 1 church, 2 
stores, and about 30 dwellings. 

MiLROY, p-v.. Rush CO., la., 48 e. s. e. Indian 
apolis, 546 W. 

Milton, t., Piscataquis co.. Me. It has 1 saw 
m., 5 sch. 248 scholars. Pop. 469. 

Milton, p-t., StraflTord co., N. H., 47 N. E. 
Concord, 515 W. Salmon Fall r. runs on its e. 
border, by branches of which it is watered. It 



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411 



MIL 



has 6 stores, cap. $6,900 ; 3 falling m., 1 woollen 
lac, 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in 
niaiiufac. $21,300. 10 sch. 408 scholars. Pop. 
1,322. 

MiLTo.v, p-t., Chittenden co., Vt., 55 n. w. 
Montpelier, 52S W. It is watered by Lamoille 
r., wliich has extensive falls, producing great 
water power. Chartered in 1703. Tlie surface 
is moderately uneven ; soil, generally fertile. 
At the great falls in the Lamoille, near the v., the 
r. fells 150 feet in 50 rods. Here are a saw m., 
a grist m., and a paper m. The v. contains a 
Congregational and a Methodust church, and sev- 
eral dwellings. A sand bar extends from this t. 
to the large.st island in Lake Champlain, which 
is fordable on horseback, during the greater part 
of the year, though the water is considerably 
deep. There are in the t. 9 stores, cap. $46,200 ; 
3 tanneries, 2 grist m., 2 saw ra. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $19,500. 14 sch. 645 scholars. Pop. 2,134. 

3I1LTON, p-t., Norfolk CO., Mass., 7 s. Boston, 
435 W. The surface is various. The soil is a 
productive gravelly loam. Neponset r. runs on 
its N. border, and affords good water power. 
Chartered in 1662. The v., called the Mills, is 
at tlie head of navigation on Neponset r., and is 
connected with Dorchester by a bridge. It has 
3 churches, a bank, several factories. Governor, 
Hutchinson, had his summer residence in this 
place, and the house is still standing. There are 
in the t. 8 stores, cap. $19,000 ; 2 commercial and 

2 commission houses, cap. $150,000; 1 lumber 
yard, cap. $4,000 ; 2 woollen fac, 1 grist m., 1 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $50,300. 2 acad. 45 
students, 5 sch. 436 scholars. Pop. 1,822. 

MiLTo.N, p-v., Litchfield t., Litchfield co., Ct., 
30 \v. Hartford, 330 W. It is a parish in the n. 
w. part of the t. of Litchfield. The surlace is 
uneven and rough, and the soil adapted to graz- 
ing. Here is a Congregational church. 

Milton, t., Saratoga co., N. Y., 30 n. by w. 
Albany. It contains the v. of Ballstoii Spa, the 
capital of the co. The surface is level or gently 
rolling ; soil, clay loam and sandy loam. Drain- 
ed by the Kayaderosseras cr. and its tributaries. 
It has 16 stores, cap. $57,800 ; 3 lumber yards, 
cap. $10,000 ; 6 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 2 fur- 
naces, 3 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 1 paper fac, 1 
printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 6 grist m., 
10 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $203,315. 
12 sch. 387 scholars. Pop- 3,166. 

MiLTOX, p-v., Marlboro' t., Ulster co., N. Y., 
79 s. by w. Albany, 299 W. Situated half a 
mile w. of the landing on Hudson r., and contains 

3 churches — 1 Methodist, 2 Friends — stores, 2 
grist m., 70 dwellings, and about 450 inhabitants. 
Two freight barges ply between this place and 
New York. 

MrLTON, p-v., Morris co., N. J., 75 n. Trenton, 
216 W. 

Milton, p-b., Turbut t., Northumberland co.. 
Pa., 71 N. Harrisburg, 181 W. Situated on the 
E. bank of the West branch of Susquehanna r., 
built on both sides of Limestone run. It contains 
3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Associate Reform- 
ed, and 1 German Reformed — an academy, 250 
dwellings, and 150 hihabitants. Incorporated in 
1816. A bridge here crosses the Susquehanna r. 
It has 13 stores, cap. $92,500 ; 1 tannery, 4 dis- 
tilleries, 1 breviery, 1 pottery, 2 printuig offices, 
1 weekly newspaper, 2 grist m., 1 saw m. (^ap. 
in manufac. $62,105. 4 sch. 250 scholars. Pop. 
1,508. 

Milton, p-v., Sussex co., Del., 33 s. Dover, 
141 W. 

Milton, p-v., Caswell co., N. C^ 74 n. w. Ra- 
leigh, 250 W. 



Milton, p-v., Laurens dist., S. C, 60 vv. n. w. 
Columbia, 516 W. 

Milton, p-v., Autauga co., Ala., 93 s. k. Tus- 
caloosa, 841 W. 

Milton, p-v., capital of SaiUa Rosa co., Flor., 
20 N. E. Pensacola. Situated on the w. side of 
Blackwater r. 

Milton, p-v., Rutherford co., Tenii., 37 s. E. 
Nashville, 656 W. 

MiLTO.N, p-v., Trimble co., Ky., 52 n. w. 
Frankfort, 561 W. Situated on the s. bank of tlie 
Ohio r., and contains 2 steam m. and about 100 
inhabitants. 

Milton, p-t., Trumbull co., O., 157 n. e. Co- 
lumbus, 316 W. Watered by Mahonuig r., which 
affords water power. It contains the villages of 
Frederick and Milton. Pop. of t. 1,277. 

Milton, t., Jackson co., O. It has 2 grist m., 
1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $800. 1 sch. 18 
scholars. Pop. 912. 

Milton, t., Miami co., O. Pop. 252. 

Milton, t., Richland co., O. Pop. 1,861. 

Milton, t., Wayne co., O. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $2,900; 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. ,$1,275. 
Pop. 1,157. 

Milton, t.. Wood co., O. Pop. 124. 

Milton, p-t., Wayne co., la., 54 e. Indiana- 
polis, 521 W. Pop. 465. 

Milton, p-o.. Pike co.. 111., 64 w. by s. Spring- 
field, 844 W. 

Milton, p-o.. Rock co.. Wis., 49 s. e. Madi- 
son, 814 W. 

Milton, p-o.. La Fayette co.. Miss., 178 N. N. 
w. Jackson, 905 W. 

Milton, p-v., Randolpli co.. Mo., 80 n. n. w. 
Jefferson City, 949 W. 

Milton, t., Cass co., Mich. It has 1 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $3.30. 3 sch. 85 scholars. 
Pop. 439. 

Milton Hill, p-v., Charles co., Md., 88 s. w. 
Annapolis, 48 W. 

Milton Mills, p-o., Milton t., Strafford co., 
N. H., 43 N. E. Concord, 524 W. 

Milton P.\rk, p-o., Craven co., N. C. 140 e. 
s. E. Raleigh, 36S W. 

MiLTONVILLE, p-v., MiddletOWTl t.. Wood CO., 

O., 123 N. N. w. Columbus, 461 W. 

MiLTONVILLE, v., MadisoH t., Butler co., O. 
Pop. 122. 

MiLTONVILLE, p-v., Wayne co.. Miss., 153 s. 
E. by E. Jackson, 969 W. 

Milwaukee, county. Wis. Situated in the 
w. part of the state, and contains 800 sq. nis. 
Drained by Milwaukee r., a fine mill stream, 
Manewakee, Root, Des Plaines, and Fo.x rivers, 
and branches of Rock r. Lake Micliigan bounds 
it on the e. Capital, I\Ii!wauk('(!. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 5,1()0, sheep 7il\ swine 8,814; 
wheat 31,236 bush, produced, Ind. corn 36,820, 
buckwheat 1,829, oats 26,S63, potatoes 64,242, 
sugar 48,886 pounds ; 3 comnii.-sion houses, cap. 
$27,,')00 ; 26 stores, cap. 802,:«K) : 8 grist m., 13 
saw in., 2 printing olJices, 2 weekly newspapers. 
Cap. in manufac. $03,450. 9 sch. 186 scholars. 
Pop. whites 5,573, free col'd 32 ; total, 5,605. 

Milwaukee, p-v., and capital of Milwaukee 
CO., Wis., 83 E. Madison, 805 W. Situated on 
both sides of Milwaukee r., near its entrance into 
Lake Michigan. The r. aflTords water power at 
the V. Steamboats ply between tliis place and 
Buffalo, and its location is such tliat it is likely 
to become a place of much importance. It con- 
tains a court house, jail, a V. S. land office, 1 
Presbyterian and 1 Methodist church, and (in 
1842) 2,800 inhabitants. Tliere were in 1840, 3 
commission houses, cap. $27,500 ; 21 stores, cap. 
$52,900 ; 1 furnace, 1 saw m., 2 printing offices. 



MIN 



412 



MIS 



2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $17,800. 

1 sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 1,712. 

MiNA, p-t., Cliautauque co., N. Y., 363 w. by 
s. Albany, 347 W. The snrface is uneven ; soil, 
clay and gravelly loam. It contains a small lake 
denominated Fiiiley's lake. Drained by French 
cr. It has 2 stores, cap. li)4,(XK); 1 grist rn.. 5 
sav/ m. Cap. in manufac. $3,650. 8 sch. 272 
scholars. Pop. 871. 

MiN.wiLLE, p-o., Florida t , Montgomery co., 
N. v., 37 w. N. w. Albany, 405 W. 

MiNDEN, p-t., Montgomery co., N. Y., 61 w. n. 
w. Albany, 396 W. The surface is diversified ; 
soil, argillaceous and calcareous loam, with rich 
bottom lands on the Mohawk r., which bounds it 
on the N. Drained by Otsquake cr. It has 26 
stores, cap. $112,150; 3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 2 
grist m., 13 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $43,140 ; 
16 sch. 960 scholars. Pop. 3,507. 

MiNDEN, p-0., Claiborne co.. La., 404 n. w. N. 
Orleans, 1,274 W. 

Mine-a-Bretox, t., Washington co.. Mo. It 
has 1 acad. 83 students, 2 sch. 50 scholars. Pop. 
994. 

Mine Creek, t., Hempstead co.. Ark. It has 

2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,500. 
Pop. 436. 

MiNESviLLE, p-v., Forsyth co., Ga., 103 w. 
Milledgeville, 660 W. 

Mine La Motte, p-o., Madison co.. Mo., 154 
S. E. Jefferson City, 886 W. 

Mineral Point, p-v., capital of Iowa co.. 
Wis., 52 w. s. w. Madison, 884 W. Situated on 
a head branch of Pickatonokee r., and contains a 
court house, jail, a LI. S. land office, a printing 
office, several stores, and about 700 inhabitants. 
In the vicinity are 3 smelting furnaces for cop- 
per, and several for lead. 

Mineral Springs, p-v., Talladega co., Ala., 
87 E. Tuscaloosa, 777 W. 

Mineral Springs, p-o., Columbia co., Flor., 
84 E. Tallahassee. 

Minersville, p-b., Norwegian t., Schuylkill 
CO., Pa., 66 N. E. Harrisburg, 176 W. It contains 
8 stores, 2 saw m., various mechanics, 100 dwell- 
ings, and about 600 inhabitants. It is surrounded 
by anthracite coal mines. Incorporated in 
1831. 

Minersville, p-v., Rutherford co., N. C, 223 
w. Raleigh, 461 W. 

Minersville, v., Alleghany co., Pa., 2 e. Pitts- 
burgh. It contains 2 churches, and is the seat of 
extensive mining operations. 

Minerva, p-t., Essex co., N. Y., 94 n. Albany, 
469 W. The surface is hilly, and partly covered 
with the Adirondack mountains. The valleys 
have some fertile land. Drained by Hudson r. 
and its tributaries. It has 1 store, cap. ,$600 ; 1 
fulling m., 1 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$5,101). 5 sch. 139 scholars. Pop. 455. 

Minerva, p-v.. Mason co., Ky., 75 e. n. e. 
Frankfort, 475 W. 

Minerva, p-v., Paris t.. Stark co., O., 139 n. e. 
by E. Columbus, 303 W. It is on the line of the 
Sandy and Beaver canal, and has 2 large canal 
basins. It contains 6 stores, 1 flouring m., 60 
dwellings, and about 350 inhabitants. 

Minga Hooma, p-o., Lauderdale co.. Miss., 114 
E. Jackson, 903 W. 

MiNisiNK, p-t., Orange co., N. Y., 120 s. s. w. 
Albany, 270 W. The surface is hilly on the w., 
and on the e. is covered with the " drowned 
lands," through which the Wallkill sluggishly 
flows. It contains a copper mine, which was 
formerly wrought. It has 17 stores, cap. $35,000 ; 
2 fulling m., 4 woollen fac, 6 tanneries, 10 distil- 
leries, 1 1 grist m., 16 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 



$133,025. 4 acad. 387 students, 23 schools 1,308 
scholars. Pop. 5,093. 

MiNO, t., Mifflin co.. Pa. It has 2 stores, cap. 
$9,000 ; 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 
2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,135. 
6 sch. 215 scholars. Pop. 974. 

MiNOT, p-t., Cumberland co.. Me., 46 s. w. 
Augusta, 576 W. The Androscoggin r. runs on 
its E. border, and Little Androscoggin r. on its s. 
border, affording extensive water power. A 
bridge here crosses the Androscoggin. It is a 
good agricultural township, and is finely situated 
for manufactures. It has 15 stores, cap. $15,400; 
2 fulling m., 1 furnace, 28 sch. 1,250 scholars. 
Pop. 3,550. 

Minster, p-o., Mercer co., O., 94 w. N. w. 
Columbus, 488 W. 

MiNTONSviLLE, p-v., Gates co., N. C, 106 e. 
N. E. Raleigh, 261 W. 

Mint Spring, p-o., Augusta co., Va. 

3I1RANDA, p-v.. Rowan co., N. C., 132 w. Ra- 
leigh, 369 W. 

MisHAWAKEE, p-v., St. Joseph CO., la., 143 n. 
Indianapolis, 620 W. 

MisHWAUKEE, p-v., Brown co., Wis., 138 n. e. 
by N. Madison, 973 W. 

MispiLLON, hundred, Kent co., Del. It has 4 
stores, cap. $5,200 ; 1 grist m., 3 saw m., 7 sch. 
460 scholars. Pop. 3,069. 

Missaukee, county, M'lch. Situated centrally 
in the n. part of the state, and contains 376 sq. 
ms. Drained by Maskegon r. and its branches. 
(It is unorganized.) 

Missionary Station, p-o., Floyd co., Ga., 173 
n. w. Milledgeville, 674 W. Situated on the 
Coosa r. 

MissisQUE, r., Vt., rises in Orleans co., and 
pursuing a n. e. course, passes into Canada, and 
after running several ms., returns into Vt., and 
pursues a s. w. and w. course, until it enters 
JVIissisque bay, a branch of Lake Champlain, in 
Highgate, near the Canada line. It has several 
rapids and falls, affording extensive water power. 
It is navigable for vessels of 59 tons, 6 miles, to 
Swanton falls. Through most of its course, it is 
wide and shallow, with a moderate current. It 
is 75 ms. long. 

Mississinewa, r., la., rises in the state of Ohio, 
and running in a n. w. direction, it falls into the 
Wabash r., a little above Peru. In its upper parts 
it furnishes good mill sites, and in its lower parts 
it is navigable for boats of 10 tons, in time of liigh 
water. 

Mississinewa, t., Darke co., O. Pop. 127. 

Mississippi, an immense river of the United 
States, derives importance from its great length ; 
the vast and fertile regions which, w'ith its tribu- 
taries, it drains, and the extent to which it is nav- 
igable. It rolls a mighty volume of water to the 
ocean, bearing to its destined market a vast 
amount of produce of one of the most fertile re- 
gions on the globe, and returning to these regions 
the productions of other portions of the United 
States, and of foreign countries, which they need 
for their convenience and comfort. The most 
probable derivation of its name is Misxi Sepe, 
whicli, in the Algonquin Indian language, which 
prevails in its upper parts, means Great rmr. Its 
extreme source, according to the explorations of 
Schoolcraft, July 13th, 1832, is Itasca lake, 47° 
10' n. lat., and 95° 54' w. Ion., at an elevation of 
1,500 feet, and the distance of 3,160 miles, above 
the Gulf of Slexico. Ita.«ca lake is a beautiful 
sheet of water, lying among hills surmounted by 
pines. The outlet of the lake is 10 or 13 feet 
broad, and from 12 to 18 inches deep. Its course 
is then northwardly and northeastwardly, and it 



MIS 



413 



MIS 



passes through lakes Irving and Travers, and it 
llien passes eastwardiy and southeastvvardly, 
and through some small lakes, to Lake Cass. 
This lake is of considerable extent, and contains 
a large island, 182 ms. below its source, and 1,330 
feet above the Gulf of P exico. Its course is w. 
to Lake Winnipec, then s. w. through Little Win- 
nipec lake, until it receives Leech lake fork, the 
outlet of a considerable lake of the same name. 
The most northern point attained by the river is 
a {ew minutes short of 4S° ; it tlien pursues a 
winding course eastwardiy, passing through some 
small lakes, until it attains a southwardly direc- 
tion. The average descent of the Mississippi, 
from its .source to its entrance into the Gulf of 
Mexico, is a fraction over 5 inches per mile. The 
whole country about the sources of the Mississippi 
appears to be considerably elevated table land, 
abounding in small lakes of pure water, and fed 
chiefly by springs. The first considerable falls 
in the river are those of Peckagama, where it de- 
scends 20 feet in 300 yards. There is no per- 
pendicular fall, but a rapid which entirely ob- 
structs navigation. The river is compressed to 
the width of 80 feet, and is precipitated over a 
rugged bed of sandstone, the rocky channel being 
inclined at an angle of from 35° to 40°. The 
surrounding view is wild and picturesque. An 
island, covered with spruce and cedar, divides 
the channel nearly in the middle, at the com- 
mencement of the fall. The next considerable 
falls in the river, are those of St. Anthony. The 
viver here has a perpendicular descent of 17 feet, 
and a formiilable rapid above and below. An 
island, at the brow of the precipice, divides the 
current into 2 parts, the largest of which passes 
on the w. side of the island. The rapid below 
the chute is filled with large fragments of rock, 
in the interstices of which some alluvial soil has 
accumulated, which nourishes a stinted growth 
of cedars. The rapid above the falls has a de- 
scent of about 10 feet in the distance of 300 yards. 
The rapid below the falls extends half a mile, in 
which the river descends 15 feet. The entire 
foil, in three fourths of a mile, is 65 feet. With- 
out the grandeur of Niagara, these falls are ex- 
tremely picturesque and beautiful. But during 
the spring floods, they become grand as well as 
beautiful. The width of the Mississippi, for 12 
miles above the falls, is half a mile ; below, it is 
contracted to 200 yards. A little below the falls 
of 8t. Anthony enters the St. Peter's river, from 
the w., which is the largest tributary of the Upper 
Mississippi. For 200 ms. above its entrance, it is 
100 yards wide, with a great depth of water. 
About lat. 44° the St. Croix enters the Missis- 
sippi from the e., which is said to be navigable 
for boats 200 ms. About 15 ms. below the en- 
trance of St. Croix r., the Mississippi expands into 
a beautiful sheet of water, called Lake Pepin, 25 
ms. in length. At its termination, the Chippewa 
r. enters the Mississippi, after a course of about 
300 ms. In 42° enters the Wi.sconsin from the 
E., forming an easy communication with Lake 
3Iichigan. Near 40°, on the w. side, the Des 
Moines enters, 150 yards wide. A few ms. above 
the mouth of this river are rapids, 9 ms. in length, 
forming an impediment to navigation, when the 
river is low. In 39° the Illinois enters from the 
E., 400 yards wide, and navigable for boats more 
than 300 ms. A little below 39° enters the ma- 
jestic Missouri from the w., which is longer, and 
discharges more water, than the Mississippi ; and 
had it been as early explored, it would probably 
have been regarded as the parent stream. Its 
waters are turbid, and change tlic appearance of 
the Mississippi. In 38° the Ksskaslda enters 



from the e., and is navigable for more than 100 
ms., passhig ihrough a beautiful country. Be- 
tween 37° and 3G°, 1,005 ms. above New Orleans, 
the " Belle Riviere," or the beautiful Ohio, enters 
from the E., and is much the largest eastern 
branch; and, from the densely populated and 
flourishing country on its borders, must be con- 
sidered, at present, as the most important tribu- 
tary of the Jlississippi. Between 35° and 34° 
enters the St. Francis from the w., 200 yards 
wide, and supposed to be navigable 300 miles. 
White r. enters on the same side, in about 34°, 
probably about 1,200 ms. long. The Arkansas, 
from the w., enters between 34° and 33°, 618 
ms. above New Orleans, and is 500 yards wide, 
and supposed to be 2,500 ms. long. The Yazoo 
enters on tiie e. side, between 33° and 32°, and 
is from 200 to 300 yards wide. At 31° the Red 
river comes in from the w. It is as large, and 
discharges as much water as the Arkansas, and 
is navigable for steamboats. Here the Missis- 
sippi carries its greatest volume of water, as im- 
mediately below this, and at intervals, it divides 
into several large outlets. From an old bed of 
the river, which communicates with both the 
Mississippi and Red rivers, the Atchafalaya dis- 
charges a great amount of water into the Gulf of 
Mexico. A little below Baton Rouge, on the E. 
side, the Ibberville goes off, and passing through 
lakes Maurepas, Pontchartrain, and Borgne, en- 
ters the Gulf of Mexico. Between Atchafiilaya 
and N. Orleans, pass off Plaquemine and Bayou 
Lafourche, on the w. side, the former joining the 
Atchafalaya, and the latter entering the Gulf of 
3Iexico. The average width of the 3Iississippi, 
below the Missouri, is about a mile ; but the large 
rivers which enter it greatly increase its depth. 
Its medial current is about 4 ms. an hour. At 
the head of the Delta, the depth is from 75 to 80 
ieet; at New Orleans it is lOt). At the distance 
of 105 ms. below New Orleans, by the course 
of the river, but 90 in a direct course, this majes- 
tic river enters tlie Gulf of Mexico, by several 
mouths, the principal of which are called the 
Balize, or Northeast Pass, in 29° 7' n. lat., and 
89° 10' w. Ion., and the Southwest Pass, in 29° 
N. lat., and 89° 25' vv. Ion. Draining a country 
of over 1,000,000 square miles hi extent, it would 
naturally be expected that its spring floods would 
be vast ; and in consequence of them, it over- 
flows its banks at that season to a great extent. 
From the .sources to the mouth of the Missouri, 
the flood commences in March, and does not sub- 
side belbre the last of May, at an average height 
of 15 feet. From the Missouri to the Ohio, it 
rises 25 feet ; and below tiie Ohio, for a great 
distance, 50 feet. At every flood it overspreads 
a country, chiefly on its western side, from 10 to 
30 ms. wide, 500 ms. from its riiouth. Tliis river 
is extremely winding in its course, and some- 
times a bend will occur of 30 miles in extent, in 
which the distance across the neck will not ex- 
ceed a mile. This circumstance undoubtedly 
impedes the current, and thus iiivors navigation. 
The mighty volume of water often carries away 
a large mass of earth, with its trees, from a pro- 
jecting point, and frequently endanger vessels. 
Trees also are often bedded in the mud, project- 
ing their tops, producing snags and sawyers, as 
they are called, dangerous to navigators. The 
whirls, or eddies, which are produced by the tor- 
tuous course of the river and its projecting points, 
render the navigation to a degree difficult and 
dangerous. Vessels are often from 5 to 30 days 
in ascending from the mouth of the river to New 
Orleans, though with a favorable wind, they will 
often descend iii 12 hours. Belbre the introduc- 



MIS 414 MIS 



tion oi" steamboats, it required 8 or 10 weeks to 
go from New Orleans to the Illinois. Boats of 
40 tons ascend the river to the falls of St. Antho- 
ny, more than 2,000 miles from its mouth. The 
Use of steambo.its has entirely changed the navi- 
gation of the Mississippi ; and they have nearly 
superseded all otiier vessels for ascending the 
river. Large flat-bottomed boats, denominated 
arks, which are not designed to return, are ex- 



tensively used for transportation down the river. 
Tlie first steamboat on the western waters was 
built at Pittsburgh, in 1811 : there are now more 
than 300 on the Mississippi and its tributaries, 
many of them of great burden. The passage 
from Cincinnati to New Orleans and back has 
been made in 19 days. Large ships seldom as- 
cend above Natchez. There are no tides in the 
Mississippi. 



MISSISSIPPI. 

Mississippi, one of the southern United States, is bounded n. by Tennessee; e. by Alabama ; 
s. by the Gulf of Mexico and Louisiana ; and w. by Pearl and Mississippi rivers, which separate it 
from the state of Louisiana and Arkansas. It is between 30° 10' and 35° n. lat., and between 80° 
30' and 81° 35' w. Ion., and between 8° and 11° 30' w. Ion. from W. It is 339 miles long from 
N. to s., and 150 broad from E. to w., containing 45,760 square miles, or 29,286,400 acres. The 
population in 1816 was 45,929; in 1820,75,448; in 1830, 136,806; in 1840, 375,651, of which 195,211 
were slaves. Of the free population 97,256 were white males ; 81,818 do. females ; 715 were color- 
ed males ; 654 do. females. Employed in agriculture, 139,724 ; in commerce, 1,303; in manufac- 
tures and trades, 4,151 ; navigating the ocean, 33 ; do. rivers, canals, &c., 100 ; learned professions, 
1,506. 

This state is divided into 56 counties, which with their population in 1840, and their capitals, 
were as follows : Northern District — Attala, 4,303, Koscuisko ; Bolivar, 1,356, Bolivar ; Car- 
roll, 10,481, CarroUton ; Chickasaw, 2,955, Houston ; Choctaw, 6,010, Greensboro ; Coahoma, 
1,290, Coahoma C. H. ; De Soto, 7,002, Hernando ; Itawamba, 5,375, Fulton ; Lafayette, 6,531, 
Oxford; Lowndes, 14,513, Columbus; Marshall, 17,526, Holly Springs; Monroe, 9,250, Athens; 
Noxubee, 9,975, Macon ; Octibbeiia, 4,276, Starkville ; Ponola, 4,657, Ponola ; Pontotoc, 4,491, 
Pontotoc ; Tallahatchie, 2,935, Charleston ; Tippah, 9,414, Ripley ; Tishamingo, 6,631, Jacinto ; 
Tunica, 821, Peyton ; Winston, 4,650, Louisville ; Yalabusha, 12,248, Coflieeville. Southern 
District — Adams, 19,434, Natchez; Amite, 9,511, Liberty; Claiborne, 13,078, Port Gibson; 
Clarke, 2,986, Quitman ; Copiah, 8,954, Gallatin ; Covington, 2,717, Williamsburg ; Franklin, 

4,775, Meadville; Greene, 1,636, Leakeville; Hancock, 3,367, Shieldsborough ; Harrison, 

Mississippi City ; Hinds, 19,098, Raymond ; Holmes, 9,452, Lexington; Jackson, 1,965, Jackson 
C. H. ; Jasper, 3,953, Paulding ; Jefferson, 11,650, Fayette; Jones, 1,258, Ellisville; Kemper, 
7,663, DeKalb ; Lauderdale, 5,358, Marion; Lawrence, 5,920, Monticello; Leake, 2,162, Car- 
thage ; Madison, 15,530, Canton; Neshoba, 2,437, Philadelphia; Newton, 2,527, Decatur; Per- 
ry, 1,839, Augusta ; Pike, 6,151, Holmesville; Rankin, 4,631, Brandon; Scott, 1,653, Hillsbo- 
^ougI^; Simpson, 3,330, Westville ; Smith, 1,961, Raleigh; Warren, 15,820, Vicksburg; Wash- 
ington, 7,287, Princeton; Wayne, 2,120, Winchester; Wilkinson, 14, 193, Woodville ; Yazoo, 
10,480, Benton. 

The southern part of this state for about 100 miles from the Gulf of Mexico is mostly a sandy, 
level pine forest, interspersed with cypress swamps, open prairies, and inundated marshes, and a 
few hills of moderate elevation. This region is generally healthy, and by cultivation produces 
cotton, Indian corn, indigo, sugar, and plums, cherries, peaches, figs, sour oranges, and grapes. As 
you proceed further north, the country becomes more elevated and agreeably diversified, and the 
soil is a deep rich mold, producing abundantly, cotton, Indian corn, sweet potatoes, indigo, peaches, 
melons, and grapes. The natural growth of timber con.sists of poplar, hickory, oak, black walnut, 
sugar maple, cotton wpod, magnolia, lime, and sassafras. The country in the north part of the 
state is healthy and productive ; and the lands watered by the Yazoo, through its whole course, 
in the n. w., are very fertile. The Mississippi river, with its various windings, borders this state 
about 700 miles ; and its margin consists of inundated swamp, covered with a large growth of 
timber. Back of this, the surface suddenly rises into what are called bluffs ; and behind these 
the country is a moderately elevated table land, with a diversified surface. Cotton is the principal 
production of this state, as it is found to be more profitable than others to which the soil is also well 
adapted. 

In this state there were in 1840, 109,227 horses and mules ; 623,197 neat cattle ; 128,367 sheep ; 
1,001,209 s wine ; poultry to the value of §369,482. There were produced 196,626 bushels of wheat ; 
1,654 of barley ; 668,624 of oats ; 11,444 of rye ; 13,161,237 of Indian corn ; 175,196 pounds of 
wool ; 6,835 of wax; 1,630,100 bushels of potatoes ; 83,471 pounds of tobacco; 777,195 of rice; 
193,401,577 of cotton. Tlie produce of the dairy was valued at $359,585 ; of the orchard at ,$14,458 ; 
of lumber ,«!l92,794; Uir, pitch, &c., 2,248 barrels. 

The climate is mild, btit very variable. The extremes of heat and cold at Natchez, for 1840, were 
from 26 to 94 of Fahrenheit The sugar cane and orange tree cannot be cultivated with success n. 
of lat. 31° 



MIS 415 MIS 

The Mississippi river washes the entire western border of this state. The Yazoo is the largest 
river that has its wliole course in the state. It rises in the n. w. part, and after a course of 250 
miies, enters the Mississippi. The Pascagoula river, after a course of 250 miles, enters the Gulf 
of Mexico. At its mouth it widens hito a bay, on which .stands the town of Pascagoula. It is 
navigable for a considerable distance for small vessels. The Big Black river, after a course of 200 
miles, enters the Mississippi just above (Jrand Gulf It has a boat navigation of 50 miles. Pearl 
river rises in the central part of this state and passes through it to the s., and in its lower part 
forms the boundary between this state and Louisiana, and enters the Rigolets between lakes 
Pontchartrain and Borgne. Its navigation is much impeded by shallows, sand-bars, ami obstruc- 
tions of timber. Homochilto is a considerable river which enters the Mississippi. Besides these 
there are a few other small rivers amd creeks. A chain of low sandy islands, 6 or 7 miles from 
the shore, enclose several bays or sounds, the largest of which are Pascagoula Sound and Lake 
Borgne, which lies partly in Louisiana. 

This state has but 60 miles of seacoast, and no harbor for that distance but that of Mississippi 
City, wliich does not admit of large vessels. The largest and most commercial place in the state 
is Natchez, on the e. bank of the 3Iississippi, situated chiefly on a high bluff, 300 feet above the 
lev;^! of the river, and 300 miles above New Orleans. Vicksburgh, lOG miles above Natchez, and 
12 miles below the mouth of the Yazoo river, is a growing place and has an extensive trade. 
The other principal places are, Jackson, on Pearl river ; Woodville, 18 miles from the Mississippi, 
in the s. w. part of the state ; Port Gibson, and Grand Gulf, its port on the Mississippi ; Columbus, 
on the Tombigbee ; and Pontotoc and Hernando, in the n., and Mississippi City, on the gulf 
shore. 

There were in this .'^tate in 1840, 7 commercial and 67 commission houses engaged in foreign 
trade, with a capital of $673,900 ; 755 retail drygoods and other stores, employing a capital of 
$5,004,420; 228 persons engaged in the lumber trade, employing a capital of $132,175; 40 persons 
employed in internal transportation, and 15 butchers, packers, &c., employing a capital of $4,250. 

The amount of home-made or family articles was $682,945 ; there were 53 cotton manufactories, 
with 318 spindles, employing 81 persons, producing articles lo the amount of $1,744, with a capital 
of $6,42(5 ; hats and caps were produced to the amount of $5,140, employing 13 persons, with a 
capital of $8,100; 128 tanneries employed 149 persons, and a capital of $70,870; 42 other 
manufactories of leather, as saddleries, &c., produced articles to the amount of $118,167, and 
employed a capital of $41,945; 1 pottery, employing 2 persons, produced to the amount of $1,200, 
with a capital of $200 ; 4 persons produced drugs and paints to the amount of $3,125, with a capi- 
tal of $500 ; 2 persons produced confectionery to the amount of $10,500 ; 274 persons produced 
machinery to the amount of $242,225 ; 693 persons produced bricks and lime to the amount of 
$273,870, with a capital of $222,745 ; there were produced 312,084 pounds of soap, 31,957 do. of 
tallow candles, and 97 do. of spermaceti candles ; 132 persons produced carriages and wagons to 
the amount of $49,693, with a capital of $34,345 ; 16 flouring mills produced 1,809 barrels of flour, 
and with other mills employed 923 persons, and manufactured articles to the amount of $486,864, 
with a capital of .$1,219,845 ; vessels were built to the amount of $13,925 ; furniture was manu- 
factured by 41 persons, to the amount of $34,450, with a capital of $28,610 ; 14 distilleries produced 
3,150 gallons, and 2 breweries produced 132 gallons, employing 12 persons, and a capital of $910 ; 
144 stone or brick houses, and 2,247 wooden houses, were built by 2,487 persons, and cost $1,175,513; 
28 printing offices, and 1 bindery, 2 daily, 1 semi-weekly, and 28 weekly newspapers, employed 
94 persons, and a capital of $83,510. The whole amount of capital employed in manufactures 
was $1,797,727. 

There are three colleges in this state. Jefferson College, at Washington, 6 miles E. of Natchez, 
was fomided in 1802, and has been liberally endowed ; Oakland College, at Oakland, was founded 
in 1831, and is a flourishing institution ; Mississippi College, at Clinton, was founded in 1830. In 
these institutions there were in 1840, about 250 students. There were in the state 71 academies, 
with 2,553 students ; and 332 primary and common schools, with 8,236 scholars. There were 8,360 
white persons over 20 years of age who coula neither read nor write. 

The Methodists and Baptists are the most numerous religious denominations in this state. In 
1835, the Methodists had 53 travellmg preachers, and 9,707 communicants ; the Baptists had 84 
churches, 34 ministers, and 3,199 communicants ; the Episcopalians had 4 ministers ; the Presby- 
terians of different descriptions had 32 churches, and 26 ministers. 

In the beginning of 1840, there were 38 banks and branches in this state, with an aggregate cap- 
ital of $30,379,403, and a circulation of $15,171,639. At the close of 1840, the state debt amount- 
ed to $12,400,000. 

The constitution of this state was formed in 1817. The governor is elected by the people, for 
2 years, on the first Monday of August. A lieutenant-governor is chosen at the same time for the 
same period, who is president of the senate ; and, in case of the death, resignation, or absence of 
the governor, liis duties devolve on the lieutenant-governor. The senators are elected for three 



MIS 



416 



MIS 



years, one third of the number being chosen annually. They cannot be less than one fourth, nor 
more than one third of the whole number of the representatives. The representatives are elected 
annually on the first Monday in August, in the ratio of one to every 3,000 white inhabitants. Each 
county, however, is entitled to one, though the num!)er of its inhabitants sliould not equal that 
number. The general assembly meets annually at Jackson, on the first Monday of November. 
Every free white male citizen of the United States, of 21 years of age, who lias resided in the 
state one year next preceding the election, and 6 months in the county, city, or town in which he 
offers to vote, and is enrolled in the militia, unless exempt from military duty, or has paid a state 
or county tax, enjoys the right of suffrage. The judges of the supreme court are appointed by t!ie 
general assembly, and hold their offices during good behavior, or until they are 65 years of age. 

The following works of internal improvement have been undertaken. West Feliciana railroad 
extends from St. Francisville, in Louisiana, on the Mississippi, 27i miles, to Woodville, in Mississip- 
pi, and cost $500,000. Vicksburgh and Clinton railroad extends from Vicksburgh, 45 miles, to Jack- 
son, the capital of the state, with a branch to Raymond, 6j miles. The New Orleans and Nashville 
railroad will extend through this state. The Mississippi railroad, to extend from Natchez, 112 miles, 
to Jackson, is finished to Malcom, a distance of 40 miles. The Jackson and Brandon railroad is 
14 miles long, and connects these places. The Grand Gulf and Port Gibson railroad is 7i miles 
long, connecting the two places. Several other railroads are proposed, which are those from 
Natchez to Woodville, 41 miles ; from Manchester to Benton, 14 miles; from Prmceton to Deer 
Creek, 20 miles ; from Brandon to Mobile, and from Columbus to Aberdeen. 

In 1716, the French formed a settlement where the city of Natchez now stands, and laid claim 
to the country as belonging to Louisiana. This colony was afterward destroyed by the Indians in 
the vicmity. In 1763, the country was ceded to the British. North of the 31st degree of n. lat. 
this territory was within the chartered limits of Georgia. In 1795, the legislature of Georgia sold 
22,000,000 acres of land in this state, called the Yazoo purchase, to 4 companies, for $500,000, who 
subsequently sold it at an advanced price to various persons, mostly in the eastern and middle 
states. The next year the legislature declared the sale unconstitutional, and ordered the records 
of it to be burned, without refunding the money. The part of this state south of lat. 31° n. be- 
longed to Florida, and was purchased with it by the United States, of Spain, in 1821. In 1798, 
this state together with Alabama were constituted a territory under the name of the Mississippi 
territory, and continued under this government until 1817, when this state formed a constitution, 
and was admitted to the Union. 



Mississippi, county. Ark. Situated in the n. 
E. part of the state, and contains 1,000 sq. ms. 
It lies between Mississippi r. on the E., and St. 
Francis r. on the w. Drained by Whitewater r. 
Capital, Osceola. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 3,042, sheep 76, swine 5,022 ; Ind. corn 
107,615 bush, produced, potatoes 3,908, cotton 
22,500 ; 1 store, cap. $14,000 ; 1 sch. 25 scholars. 
Pop. whites 900, slaves 510 ; total 1,410. 

Mississippi City, p-v., capital of Harrison co., 
Miss., 265 s. s. E. Jackson, 1,143 W. Situated 
on the Gulf coast. It contains a court house, 
several stores and dwellings. 

Mississippi, t., Scott co.. Mo. Pop. 615. 

Missouri, a large river in the United States, 
rises in the Rocky mountains, and takes tliis 
name after the union of three branches, denomi- 
nated Jefferson, Gallatin, and Madison, in 45° 10' 
N. lat., and 110 w. Ion. The spring sources of 
the Missouri and those of the Columbia, which 
flows w. to the Pacific, are not more than a mile 
apart. At the distance of 411 miles from the 
extreme point of navigation of its head branches, 
the Missouri passes through the Rocky moun- 
tains by wliat is denominated the Gates, the 
view of wliich is exceedingly grand. For a dis- 
tance of 6 miles, the rocks rise perpendicularly 
from the water's edge to the height of nearly 
1,200 feet. The river is compressed to the width 
of 150 yards, and rushes impetuously through 
this great mountain passage. 110 miles below 
this, and 521 from its source, are the great falls, 
2,575 ms. above its entrance into the Mississippi. 
The river descends 357 feet in 18 miles, by a 
succession of falls. The greatest fall is 87 feet 
perpendicular, and the next is 47. The width 
of the river is here about 350 yards, and these 



falls, next to Niagara, are probably the grandest 
in tlie world. The Yellowstone r., 800 yards 
wide at its mouth, enters the Missouri from the 
s. w., 521 miles from its source, and 1,880 miles 
from its mouth. The Chienne, 400 yards at its 
mouth, enters it on the s. w., 1,310 miles from its 
mouth. The White river, 300 yards wide, enters 
it on the s. w., 1,130 miles from its mouth. The 
James and the Big Sioux enter it from the N. E. 
Tlie Platte, 600 yards wide, enters it from the s. w., 
2,496 miles from its source, and 600 from its 
mouth, in lat. 41° 4' n. The Kansas, 233 yards 
wide, enters it from the s. w., 340 miles from its 
mouth, in lat. 39° 5', 2,756 miles from its .source. 
Grand river enters it from the n. e., 240 miles 
from its mouth, and is 190 yards wide. La Mine 
river enters it from the s. w. Osage river, 397 
yards wide, enters it from the s. w., 200 miles 
from its mouth, 2,963 miles from its source, in 
lat. 38° 45'. The Gasconade also enters it from the 
s. w. The Missouri enters the Mississippi 3,096 
miles from its source, which added to l,3it5 miles, 
the distance to the Gulf of Mexico, makes its 
whole length 4,491 miles. Through this vast 
length there is no substantial obstruction to the 
navigation, excepting the great falls. Its prin- 
cipal tributaries are each navigable from 100 to 
800 miles. Through the greater part of its 
course the Missouri is a rapid and turbid stream. 
The fertile land on its margin, and on those of 
its tributaries, is not very broad, and back of this 
are prairies of vast extent. The country which 
it waters, is much of it not as invi'ing for set- 
tlement as that of some of the other tributaries of 
the Mississippi. The river is half a mile wide at 
its entrance into the Mississippi, but through 
the greater part of its course it is much wider. 



MIS 417 MIS 

MISSOURI. 

Missouri, one of the western United States, is bounded n. by Iowa Territory ; e. by Illinois, 

Kentucky, and Tennessee, from which it is separated by the Mississippi river ; s. by Arkansas ; 
and w. by the Indian Territory. It is between 36° and 40° 36' n. lat., and between 89° and 95° 
30' w. Ion., and between 12° 17' and 17° 28' w. Ion. from W. It is 287 miles long, and 230 broad, 
containing 64,000 square miles, or 40,960,000 acres. The population in ISIO, was 19,833 ; in 1820, 
66,586; in 1830, 140,074; in 1840, 383,702, of which 58,240 were slaves. Of the free population, 
173,470 were white males ; 150,418 do. females ; 883 were colored males ; 6'Jl do. females. Era- 
ployed in agriculture, 92,408 ; in commerce, 2,522 ; in manufactures and trades, 11,100 ; in mining, 
742 ; navigating the ocean, 39 ; do. canals, rivers, &c. 1,885 ; learned professions, 1,469. 

This state is divided into 62 counties, which, with their population in 1810, and their capitals, 
were as follows : Audrain, 1,949, Mexico; Barry, 4,795, McDonald; Benton, 4,205, Warsaw; 
BooNE, 13,561, Columbia; Buchanan, 6,237, Sparta; Caldwell, 1,458, Far West; Callaavay, 
11,765, Fulton; Cape Girardeau, 9,359, Jackson; Carroll, 2,433, Carrollton ; Chariton, 4,746, 
Keytesville ; Clark, 2,846, Waterloo ; Clay, 8,282, Liberty ; Clinton, 2,724, Plattsburg ; Cole, 
9,286, Jefferson City ; Cooper, 10,484, Booneville ; Crawford, 3,561, Steelville ; Daviess, 2,736, 
Gallatin; Franklin, 7,515, Union ; G.\sconade, 5,330, Herman ; Greene, 5,372, Springfield ; How- 
ard, 13,108, Fayette ; Jackson, 7,612, Independence ; Jefferson, 4,296, liillsboro' ; Johnson, 
4,471, Warrensburg ; La Fayette, 6,815, Lexington; Lewis, 6,040, Monticello ; Lincoln, 7,449, 
Troy ; Linn, 2,245, Linneus ; Livingston, 4,325, Chilicothe ; Macon, 6,034, Bloomington ; Madi- 
son, 3,395, FredericktowTi ; Marion, 9,623, Palmyra; Miller, 2,282, Tuscumbia; Monroe, 
9,505, Paris; Morgan, 4,407, Versailles; Montgomery, 4,371, Danville; New Madrid, 4,554, 
New Madrid, Newton, 3,790, Neosho; Perry, 5,760, Perry ville ; Pettis, 2,9 30, Georgetown; 
Platte, 8,913, Platte City; Pike, 10,646, Bowling Green : Polk, 8,449, Bohvar; Pulaski, 6,529, 
Waynesville ; Ralls, 5,670, New London ; Randolph, 7,198, Huntsville ; Ray, 6,553, Richmond ; 
Ripley, 2,856, Van Buren ; Rives, (name changed to Henry,) 4,726, Clinton ; St. Charles, 7,911, 
St. Charles; St. Francis, 3,211, Farmington ; St. Genevieve, 3,148, St. Genevieve; St. 
Louis, 35,979, St. Louis ; Salink, 5,258, Marshall ; Scott, 5,974, Benton ; Shelby, 3,056, Shelby- 
ville; Stoddard, 3,153, Bloomfield ; Taney, 3,264, Forsyth; Van Buren, 4,693, Harrisonville ; 
Warren, 4,253, Warrenton; Washington, 7,213, Potosi; Wayne, 3,403, Greenville. There have 
been several new counties erected since 1840. 

Jefferson City, on the s. bank of the Missouri river, 15 miles above the mouth of the Osage r., is 
the seat of government. 

This state presents a great variety of surface and of soil. Alluvial or bottom land is found on 
the margin of the rivers ; receding from them, the land rises, sometimes almost imperceptibly, some- 
times very abruptly, into elevated barrens or rocky ridges. In the interior, bottoms and barrens, 
naked lulls and prairies, heavy forests and streams of water, may often be seen at one view, pre- 
senting a diversified and beautiful landscape. The southeast part of the slate has a very exten- 
sive tract of low- marshy country, abounding in lakes, and liable to inundation. Back of this, a 
hilly country extends as far as the Osage river. Tliis portion of the state, though not generally 
distinguished for the fertility of its soil, though it is interspersed with fertile portions, is particularly 
celebrated for its mineral treasures. Of the minerals and fossils already discovered, the principal 
are lead, coal, plaster, iron, manganese, zinc, antimony, cobalt, various kinds of ochre, common 
salt, nitre, plumbago, porphyry, jasper, chalcedony, and marble. Lead is extensively found ; a dis- 
trict 100 miles long and 40 broad, the centre of whicii is 70 miles s. w. of St, Louis, and about 35 
from Herculaneum, is the part of the state where it is procured in the greatest abmidance. This 
lead region covers an area of more than 3,000 square miles. The ore is of the richest kind, and 
exists in quantities more tlian sufficient to supply the demand of the whole United States. The 
iron mines are scarcely less remarkable than the lead. In St. Francis coimty exists the celebra- 
ted " mountain" of micaceous oxide of iron, which has an elevation of 300 feet above the surround- 
ing plain, is a mile and a half across its summit, and yields SO per of cent pure metal. Five miles 
south is another magnificent pyramidal " mountain," denominated the Pilot Knob, 300 feet high, 
with a base a mile and a half m circumference, of the same rich species of iron ore. This pyra- 
mid is not in plates, but huge masses of several tons in weight, wliich yields also 80 per cent 
of pure metal. Waslungton county is a perfect bed of metallic treasures. Throughout the mineral 
district, are found beds of rich, red, marl clay, which proves to be the very best manure for the 
soil. Between the Osage and Missouri rivers, is a tract of country very fertile, and agreeably 
diversified with woodland and prairie, and abounding with coal, salt sprmgs, &c. The country 
north of the Missouri is emphatically the " garden of the west." There is no part m the world 
where a greater extent of country can be traversed more easily, when in its natural state. The 
surface is for the most part delightfully roUing and variegated, sometimes rising into picturesque 
hills, then stretching away into a sea of prairie, occasionally interspersed with shady groves and 

53 



MIS 418 MIS 

shining streams. Almost every acre of this country is susceptible of high agricultural improve- 
ment. The chief productions are tobacco, cotton, Indian corn, wheat, rye, oats, barley, and grasses. 
Large numbers of horses, mules, horned cattle, sheep, and bogs are annually raised for exportation. 

In the year 1840, there were in this state 196,132 horses and mules ; 433,875 neat cattle ; 348,01S 
sheep; 1,271,161 swine ; poultry valued at $270,647. There were produced 1,037,386 bushels of 
vviieat; 9,801 of barley ; 2,234,947 of oats ; 68,608 of rye ; 15,318 of buckwheat ; 17,-332,524 ofin- 
dian corn ; 562,265 pounds of wool ; 56,461 of wa.x ; 783,768 bushels of potatoes ; 49,083 tons of 
hay ; 18,010 of hemp and flax ; 9,067,913 pounds of tobacco ; 121,121 of cotton ; 274,853 of sugar. 
The products of the dairy were valued at $100,432 ; of the orchard at $90,878 ; of lumber at 
$70,355. 

The climate of this state, though generally healthy, is subject to great extremes of heat and cold. 
The Missouri is frozen so hard for a number of weeks in the winter, as to be safely crossed with 
loaded wagons. In the summer, the heat is often great, but the air is generally pure, and dry, and 
salubrious. 

The Mississippi winds along the entire eastern boundary of the state, for a distance of 400 miles, 
and receives in its course the waters of the great Missouri, which, indeed, deserves to be regarded 
as the main stream. Through the central and richest part of the state the Missouri rolls its im- 
mense volume of water, being navigable for steamboats 1,800 ms. fromit.? entrance into the Mississip- 
pi, for 4 or 5 months in the year. The I,a jMine, Osage, and Gasconade on the s., and the Grand and 
Chariton on the n. side, are navigable tributaries of the Mis,souri. Maramec river runs through the 
mineral district, is a navigable stream, and enters the Mississippi 18 miles below St. Louis. Salt 
river, which is also navigable, enters the Mississippi 85 miles above the Missouri. The White and 
St. Francis drain the s. e. and the tributaries of the Neosho the s. w. part of the state. 

St. Louis is much the largest and most commercial place in the state. It is situated on the w. 
bank of the Mississippi, 18 miles below the mouth of the Missouri. St. Genevieve, about 100 miles 
w. of the Mississippi, and 64 below St. Louis, is settled principally by French, and has consid- 
erable trade, particularly in lead. Potosi, in the mining district, is a flourishing town. Herculane- 
um is the principal place of deposit for lead from the mines. New Madrid is the most noted land- 
ing place for boats on the Mississippi, above Natchez, and Clarkesville and Hannibal n. of St. Louis. 
St. Charles, on the Missouri, 20 miles above St. Louis, is an important place, and Booneville, Lex- 
ington, Liberty, and Independence, in the w. part of the state. Jefferson City, the capital, on the 
Missouri, 134 miles from St. Louis, is a growing place. 

There were in 1810, 3 commercial and 39 commission houses engaged m foreign trade, with a 
capital of $746,500; 1,107 retail drygoods and other stores, with a capital of $8,158,802: 345 
persons employed in the lumber trade, with a capital of $318,029; 79 persons engaged in internal 
transportation, who, with 128 butchers, packers, &c., employed a capital of $173,650. The amount 
of home-made or family manufactures wa.s $1,149,544 ; there were 9 woollen manufactories, em- 
ploying 13 persons, producing articles to the amount of $13,750, and employing a capital of $5,000: 
2 furnaces, producing 180 tons of cast iron, and 4 forges, &c., producing 1 18 tons of bar iron, the 
whole employing 80 persons, and a capital of $79,000; 21 smelting houses, producing 5,295,455 
pounds of lead, employing 252 persons, and a capital of $235,806 ; 69 persons produced 249,302 
bushels of bituminous coal, employing a capital of $9,488; 36 persons produced 13,150 bushels of 
salt, with a capital of $3,550; 12 potteries produced articles to the amount of $12,175, employing 
33 persons, and a capital of $7,250 ; 191 persons produced machinery to the amount of $190,412; 
48 persons produced 959 small-arms ; 12 persons manufaclvired the precious metals to the amount 
of $5,450 ; 73 persons produced granite and marble to the amount of $32,050 ; 671 persons pro- 
duced bricks and lime to the amount of $185,234 ; 293 distilleries produced 508,368 gallons, and 7 
breweries produced 374,700 gallons, the whole employing 365 persons, and a capital of $189,976 ; 
201 persons produced carriages and wagons to the amount of $97,112, with a capital of $45,074: 
1 powder mill, employing 2 persons, produced 7,500 pounds of gunpowder, with a capital of $1,050; 
8 persons produced drugs and paints to the amount of $13,500, with a capital of $7,000; 64 flour- 
ing mills produced 49,363 barrels of ftour, and, with other mills, employed 1,326 persons, producing 
articles to the amount of $960,058, with a capital of $1,266,019 ; 413 brick or stone houses, and 2,202 
wooden houses, were built by 1,966 persons, and cost $1,441,573 ; 40 prmting offices, 6 daily, 5 
semi-weekly, or tri-weekly, and 24 weekly newspapers, employed 143 persons, and a capital of 
$79,350. The whole amount of capital employed in manufactures was $2,704,405. 

The University of St. Louis, (a Catholic institution,) at St. Louis, was founded in 1829 ; St. Mary's 
College, at Barrens, (also Catholic,) was founded in 1830 ; Marion College, at New Palmyra, was 
founded in 1831 ; Missouri University, at Columbia, was founded in 1840 ; St. Charles College, at 
St. Charles, is a Methodist institution, founded in 1839 ; Fayette College, at Fayette, is a new in- 
stitution. In all these colleges there were in 1840, 495 students. There were in the state, 47 acad- 
emies, with 1,926 students ; and 642 primary and common schools, with 16,788 scholars. There 
were 19,457 white persons over 20 years of age who could neither read nor write. 



MOB 



419 



MOB 



In 1836 the Methodists had 51 travelling preachers, and 8,69-2 members ; the Baptists had 145 
churches, 86 ministers, and 4,972 communicants ; the Presbyterians had 33 churches and 17 min- 
isters ; the Roman Catholics had 1 bishop and 30 ministers ; the Episcopalians had 3 ministers. 
Besides these there were a considerable number of Cumberland and Associate Reformed Presby- 
terians, and 1 Unitarian minister. 

In 1839, there were in this state 3 banlis and branches, with an aggregate capital of $1,116,123, 
and a circulation of $410,740. 

At the close of 1840, the state debt amounted to $2,929,557. 

The constitution of this state was formed at St. Louis in 1820. The Governor is elected by the 
people for 4 years, but is ineligible for the next succeeding 4 years. A lieutenant-governor is cho- 
sen at the same time, and for the same term, who is president of the senate. Every county is en- 
tilled to send one representative, but the whole number can never e.vceed 100. The senators are 
elected every 4 years, one half retiring every second year ; and their number can never be less 
than 14, nor more than 33, chosen by districts, and apportioned according to the number of free 
white inhabitants. The elections for senators and representatives are held biennially in August. 
The legislature meets once in two years, in the month of November, at Jefferson City. Every 
male white citizen, over 21 years of age, who has resided one year in the state and three months 
of it in the county in which he offers his vote, is entitled to the right of suffrage. The judges of 
the supreme court and the chancellor are appointed by the governor, with the consent of the sen- 
ate, and hold their offices during good behavior, or nntil 65 years of age. 

The territory of tliis state was included in Louisiana, purchased of the French government in 
1803. The town of St. Louis was settled by the French in 1764, but was little more than a trading 
post with the Indians, until it came into the possession of the United Stales. In 1804 it was constitu- 
ted a territory, and in 1821 it was admitted to the Union, after much debate on the subject of sla- 
very, allowed by its constitution, under certain restrictions. 



Missouri, t., Boone co , Mo. It has 8 sch. 
260 scholars. Pop. 2,961. ' 

Missouri, t., Scott co.. Mo. Pop. 504. 

Missouri, p-v.. Pike co., Ala., 165 s. e. Tusca- 
loosa, 873 W. 

Missouri, t.. Pike co.. Ark. Pop. 205. 

Missouri, t. Hempstead co.. Ark. It has 1 
grist m., 1 saw m., 1 sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 672. 

MissouRiTON, p-v., St. Charles co.. Mo., 92 e. 
by N. Jefferson City, 854 W. Situated on the 
N. side of the Missouri r. 

Mitchell's Mills, p-o., Indiana co.. Pa,, 166 
w. by N. Harrisburg, 219 W. 

Mitchell's Store, p-o., Goochland co., Va., 
41 w. N. w. Richmond, 156 W. 

Mitchell's Store, p-o., Tishemingo co., 
Miss., 213 E. N. E. Jackson, 840 W. 

Mitchell, t., Poinsett co.. Ark. It has 1 dis- 
tillery, 1 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $250. 1 sch. 
17 scholars. Pop. 414. 

Mitchellsville, p-v., Robertson co., Tenn., 
34 N. Nashville, 6S6 W. 

MiXENBUiiGH, p-v., Greene co., Ala. 

Mixvillk, p-v., Hume t., Alleghany co., N. 
Y., 267 w. by s. Albany, 319 W. Situated on 
West Koy cr., which has a succession of falls of 
73 feet, affording extensive water power. It con- 
tains 1 grist m., 2 saw m., and 15 or 20 dwellings. 

Mobile, bay, Ala. The bay sots up from the 
Gulf of Mexico, and is 30 ms. long, and, on an 
average, 12 miles broad. It communicates with 
the gulf by 2 straits, one on each side of Dauphin 
island. The strait on the w. side, will not admit 
of vessels drawing more than 5 feet water ; that 
on the E. side, between the island and Mobile 
Point, has 18 feet water, and the channel passes 
within a few yards of the point. There is a bar 
across the bay, near its upper end, which has only 
11 feet water. 

Mobile, r., Ala., is formed by the junction of 
the Alabama andTombigbee rivens, 40 ms. above 
Mobile city. A few miles below the junction, it 
divides into several channels. The main west- 
ern channel is called the Mobile ; the main east- 
ern channel, wliich is the deepest and widest, 



is called the Tensaw. It is navigable for vessels 
drawing 5 or 6 feet of water by the Tombigbee 
branch to St. Stephens, and by the Alabama 
branch to Claiborne. The two branches unite 
in 31° 06' N. lat., and 11° 05' w. Ion. from W. In 
times of flood it sometimes rises 51) or 60 feet. 

Mobile, county, Ala. Situated in the s. vv. 
part of the state, and contains 2,250 sqiiare miles. 
Tombigbee and Mobile rivers run on its e. bor- 
der, by small branches of which it is drained on 
the E. ; on the w. it is drained by branches of 
Pascagoula r. Fascagoula bay lies on its s. bor- 
der. The surface is undulating near the gulf, and 
liilly toward the n.. ; and ilie soil is sterile, cov- 
ered chiefly with pine Jorest. Capital. Mobile. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 12,280, sheep 934, 
swine 8,969; Ind. corn 31,991 bush, produced, 
potatoes 32,800 ; 21 commercial and 93 commis- 
sion houses, cap. $3,129,612; 248 stores, capital 
$1,861,695; 22 grist m., 20 saw m., 5 printing of- 
fices, 1 bindery, 3 daily, 4 weekly, 1 semi-week- 
ly newspapiirs. Cap. in manufac. $475,600. 1 
college, 62 students, 11 acad. 297 students, 11 
sch. 170 scholars. Pop. whites 11,763, slaves 
6,191, free col'd 787 ; total, 18,741. 

Mobile, city, port of entry, and capital of 
Mobile CO., Ala., '.^17 s. by w. Tuscaloosa, 1,013 
VV. Situated on the w. side of a river of the 
same name, at its entrance into A^Iobile bay, 30 
x. Mobile Point, at the mouth of the bay, 55 vv. 
by X. Pensacola, 10 w. by s. Blakeley, 90 by 
land, and 120 by water s. St. Stephens, 160 e. n. 
E. New Orleani, in 30° 40' n. lat., 8;So 21' w. Ion. 
Pop. 1830, 3,194; 1840, 12,072, of whom .3,869 
were slaves. It contains a court house, jail, 
market, custom house, city hospital, a United 
States naval hospital, 3 banks. Barton Academy, 
7 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Bap- 
tist, 2 Methodist, 1 Roman Catholic, and 1 Al>i- 
ean. It is situated on a beautiful and extended 
plain, elevated 15 feet above the highest tides, 
open to refreshing breezes from the bay, and 
commanding a beautiful prospect. Vessels draw- 
ing more than 8 feet water pass up Spanish r., 6 
miles, around a marshy island into Mobile r., and 



MON 



420 



MON 



then drop down to the city. It has 46 wharves 
and next to New Orleans, it is the greatest cotton 
mart of the south ; 320,000 bales have been ex- 
ported in a year. The exports amount to from 
12 to 16 millions of dollars annually. Tonnage 
of the port, 1810, 17,243. It is defended by Fort 
Morgan, formerly Fort Bowyer, situated on a long, 
low, sandy point, at the mouth of the bay, 30 ms. 
below the city, opposite to Dauphin island. It was 
surrendered to the Americans by Spain in 1813, 
chartered as a town hi 1814, incorporated as a city 
in 1819. It has suffered severely by fire ; 170 build- 
ings were burned in 1827, and GOO in 1833. But it 
has been rebuilt, with additional beauty and con- 
venience. Excellent water is brought in iron pipes, 
a distance of 2 ms., and distributed over the city. 

MocKsviLLE, p-v., capital of Davie co., N. C, 
141 w. Raleigh, 36U W. 

MoDEN.\, p-o., PlattekiU t., Ulster co., N. Y., 
80 s. s. w. Albany, 300 W. 

M0DE.ST Town, p-v., Accomac co., Va., 228 e. 
Richmond, 192 W. Situated 2 ms. from tidewa- 
ter. It contains 1 Baptist and 1 Methodist church, 
2 stores, various mechanics, 1 tannery, and about 
50 inhabitants. 

Moffett's Store, p-o.. New Lebanon t., Co- 
lumbia CO., N. Y., 19 s. Albany, 372 W. 

MoFFETTsviLLE, p-v., Andcrson dist., S. C, 
117 w. N. w. Columbia, 519 W. 

Moffitt's Mills, p-o., Randolph co., N. C, 
67 w. Raleigh, 341 W. 

Mohawk, r., N. Y., rises in Oneida co., and 
after a course first s. and then E. by s., 135 miles, 
it enters the Hudson r. by several mouths, at Wa- 
terford, 8 or 10 ms. above Albany. It has 2 prin- 
cipal falls, Little Falls of 40 feet, and the Cahoos, 
of 70 feet perpendicular, 2 ms. from its mouth. 
Both these falls afford extensive water power. 
Below tlie Cahoos is a bridge across the r., from 
which the view of the falls is sublime and beau- 
tiful. The Erie canal passes along its banks, as 
far as Rome. I'he lands on the borders of the 
r. are very fertile. 

Mohawk, p-v., German Flats t., Herkimer co., 
N. Y., 79 w. N. w. Albany. Situated on the s. 
side of Mohawk r., on the Erie canal, and con- 
tains a church, a bank, 10 stores, 120 dwellings, 
and about 700 inhabitants. 

MoiLvwK, t., JMontgomery co., N. Y. It con- 
tan>s the v. of Fonda, the capital of the county. 
The surface is hilly n. ; level, and very fertile in 
the valley of the Mohawk, which r. bounds it on 
the s. It has 7 stores, cap. $21,000 ; 2 fulhng ra., 
1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $17,000. 9 sch. 238 scholars. Pop. 3,112. 
Mohican, p-t., Wayne co., O., 88 n. e. Colum- 
bus, 359 W. Fop. 2,046. 

MoHRSviLLE, p-o., Berks co., Pa., 62 e. Har- 
risburg, 155 W. 

MoiRA, p-t., Franklin co., N. Y., 227 n. by w. 
Albany, 518 W. The surface is level ; soil, sandy 
loam. Drained by Little Salmon r. The v. con- 
tains 1 free church, 1 store, and l5 or 20 dwell- 
ings. 9 sch. 322 scholars. Pop. 962. 

MoLLTOwN, p-v., Berks co., Pa., 64 e. Harris- 
burg, 156 W. 

MoNADNOcK Mountain, N. H., commonly 
called Grand Monadnock, is situated in Cheshire 
CO., 22 E. Connecticut r., between Jaffrey and 
Dublin. It extends about 5 ms. from n. to s., and 
3 ms. from e. to w. It rises 3,254 feet above the 
level of the sea, and may be seen at the distance 
of 60 ms. in every direction. The summit con- 
sists of bald rock, and the prospect from it is ex- 
tensive and grand. Plumbago or blacldead is 
found, in large quantities on its e. side. There 
is a mineral spring near its base in Jaffrey. 



Monday Creek, t., Perry co., O. It has 5 sch. 
150 sclKjlars. Pop. 986. 

MoNEGAN, t., Rives co., 3Io. It has 3 sch. 55 
scholars. Pop. 1,105. 

M0NGOQ.UINONG, p-v.. La Grange co., la., 176 
N. by E. Indianapolis, 564 VV. 

MoNGUARON, t., Wayne co., Mich. Surface 
gently undulating. It is partly comprised of an 
island of the same name in the Detroit strait. 
Pop. 307. 

IVloNHEGAN, Island, Lincoln co.. Me. It has 1 
sch. 42 scholars. Pop. 77. 

Moniteau, p-t.. Cole co., Mo., 20 n. w. Jeffer- 
son City, 956 W. It has 2 sch. 51 scholars. Pop. 
1,533. 

Moniteau, t.. Cooper co., Mo. It has 1 acad. 
24 students, 4 sch. 120 scholars. Pop. 1,514. 

Moniteau, t., Howard co.. Mo. It has 7 sch. 
163 scholars. Pop. 1,4S2. 

3Ionk's Corners, p-o., Charleston dist., S. C, 
149 s. E. Columbia, 956 W. 

Monkton, p-t., Addison co., Vt., 50 w. by s. 
Montpelier, 500 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, 
well adapted to grazing. Watered by branches 
of Lewis er. Ou the s. border of the t. is a pond 
a mile long and half a mile wide, the outlet of 
which flows into Lewis cr. Iron ore is found in 
large quantities in the s. part, of a superior quality. 
A mile n. of the ore bed is found an extensive bed 
of kaolin, or porcelain clay. The t. contains 3 
churches. It has 3 stores, cap. $15,000 ; 1 tan- 
nery, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in "manufactures 
.$10,500. 12 sch. 555 scholars. Pop. 1,310. 

Monmouth, county, N. J. Situated in the e. 
part of the state, and contains 1,030 sq. ms. The 
surface is generally level. The whole belongs 
to the alluvial formation, and consists of clay, 
mingled with sand, gravel, and in low places, 
vegetable mold. In many parts marl is found, 
which is extensively and successfully used as a 
manure. Drained by Manasquan, Cedar, Oys- 
ter, Manahocking, and Westecunk creeks, and 
Nevisink, Shrewsbury, Tom's, and Forked rivers. 
From the n., Millstone and South rivers flow to 
the Raritan, and the w. sends forth the Assun- 
pink, the Crosswick's, and the Rancocus to the 
Delaware. Capital, Freehold. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 19,592, sheep 18,694, swine 
23,241 ; wheat 39,368 bush, prod., rye 166,013, 
Ind. corn 493,554, buckwheat 39,256, barley 
3,411, oats 144,066, potatoes 273,280, silk cocoons 
1,234 pounds ; 147 stores, cap. $269,007 ; 8 lum- 
ber yards, cap. $9,200 ; 7 furnaces, 2 forges, 2 
fullhig m., 15 tanneries, 29 distilleries, 1 rope 
fac, 54 grist m., 56 saw m., 2 printing offices, 2 
daily newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $245,360. 
2 acad. Ill students, 94 sch. 4,995 scholars. Pop. 
32,909. 

Monmouth, p-t., Kennebec co.. Me., 16 s. w. 
Augusta, 592 W. Watered by sources of Cob- 
besseconte r. Incorporated in 1792. It has a 
pleasant v., in which is an academy. It contains 
7 stores, cap. $3,700 ; 1 fulling m., 4 tanneries, 3 
flouring m., 4 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $9,694. 1 acad. 164 students. Population 
1,882. 

Monmouth, p-v., Adams co., la., 135 n. e. In- 
dianapolis, 525 W. Situated on the n. e. side of 
St. Mary's r. 

Monmouth, p-v., capital of Warren co.. 111., 
120 N. w. Springfield, 850 W. Situated in a 
prairie, a little .s. of Henderson r., and contains a 
court house, 6 stores and groceries, and about 20 
dwellings. 

Monohan, t., York co., Pa. The surface is 
undulating ; soil, gravelly, and calcareous loam. 
It has 2 distilleries, 2 flouring m., 1 grist m., 3 



MON 



49! 



MON 



saw m. Cap. in manufac. $26,400. 4 sch. IGO 
scholars. Pop. 770. 

MoNO\G.\HELA, r., Pa., rises in Randolph co., 
Va., at, foot of the Laurel mountains, and after a 
course, in a n. direction, of 300 ms., unites with 
the Alleghany r., at Pittsburg, to form the Ohio r. 
It is nearly 400 yards wide at its mouth, where 
it is crossed by a bridge. It is navigable for large 
boats 60 ms. from its mouth to Brownsville, and 
for small boats, 200 ms. from its mouth. Its prin- 
cipal tributaries are Cheat r. and Youghiogeny r., 
which enter it on the e. side. 

MoNo.NGAHEL.'i, t., Greene co., P., 14 s. e. 
Waynesburg. The surface is rolling ; soil, loam. 
Monongahela r. bounds it on the e. Drained by 
Whitley cr. It has 6 stores, cap. $15,000; I 
fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 4 distille- 
ries, 1 glass fac, 3 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $19,355. 3 sch. 75 scholars. Pop. 1,178. 

M0N0NGAHEL.A City, p-v., Fallowfield t., 
Washington co.. Pa., 189 w. Harrisburg, 216 W. 

MoiVO.N'GALiA, county, Va. Situated in the .m. 
w. part of the state, and contains 560 sq. ms. 
Drained by Monongaliela r., and Cheat r., its 
branch. The surface is broken ; soil, fertile. 
Capital, Morgantown. There were in 1810, neat 
cattle 16,220, sheep 23,817, swine 19,885 ; wheat 
166,496 bush, produced, rye 6,259, Ind. corn 
381,316, buckwheat 8,936, oats 320,092, potatoes 
61,723, tobacco 14,915 pounds, sugar 118,569; 
167,200 tons bituminous coal ; 18 stores, cap. 
$66,300 ; 7 furnaces, 3 fulling m., 13 tanneries, 
19 distilleries, 1 pottery, 3 flouring m., 32 grist m., 
C3 saw m., 1 paper fac, 1 printing office, 1 week- 
ly newspaper. Cap. in manufac .$42,728. 1 
acad. 14 students, 28 sch. 639 scholars. Pop. 
whites 16,962, slaves 260, free col'd 146; total, 
17,368. 

Monroe, county, N. Y. Situated toward the 
N. w. part of" the slate, and bounded n. by Lake On- 
tario. It contains 607 sq. ms. Drained by Gene- 
see r , and small streams, flowing into Lake On- 
tario. The surface is generally level, or slightly 
undulating; soil, a rich and productive mol<l. 
The water power furnished by the Genesee at 
the falls in Rochester, is unsurpassed in the 
United States. Iron ore, gypsum, and marl, are 
abundant, and there are several sulphur springs. 
The Erie canal, the Genesee Valley canal, and 
the Auburn, Rochester, and Tonawanda railroad 
pass through the co. Capital, Rochester. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 35,335, sheep 132,970, 
swine 59,399; wheat 1,074,813 bush, produced, 
rye 3,447, Ind. corn 406,621, buckwheat 37,024, 
barley 61,787, oats 523,655, potatoes 721,520, su- 
gar 181,119 pounds ; 2 commercial houses in for. 
trade, cap. §15,100; 3-10 stores, cap. $1,568,840; 
5 lumber yards, cap. .$32,300 ; 6 furnaces, 20 
fulling m., 12 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 3,000 sp., 
21 tanneries, 7 distilleries, 5 breweries, 2 powder 
ra., 1 pottery, 36 flouring m., 18 grist m., 69 saw 
m., 1 oil m., 2 paper fac, 9 printing offices, 1 bin- 
dery, 2 periodicals, 4 daily, 5 weekly, 1 semi- 
weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $2,633,714. 
11 acad. 1,466 students, 305 sch. 17,056 scholars. 
Pop. 64,902. 

Monroe, county. Pa Situated in the e. part 
of the state, and contains 750 sq. ms. Lehigh r. 
bounds it on the n. w., and Delaware r. on the e. 
Drained by branches of Delaware and Lehigh 
rivers. Surface hilly and broken ; soil, fertile. 
Capital, Stroudsburg. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 6,519, sheep 9,422, swine 10,642 ; wheat 
10,961 bush, produced, rye 84,293, Ind. corn 
56,391, buckwheat 50,563, oats 57,513, potatoes 
99,237; 19 stores, cap. $57,500; 9 tanneries, 2 
printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers, 1 flouring 



m., 25 grist m., 107 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$32,200. 2 acad., 31 sch. 794 scholars. Pop. 
9,879. 

Mo.NROE, county, Va. Situated in the w. part 
of the state, and contains 750 sq. ms. New r. 
runs on its w. border. Drained by Greenbrier r. 
The surface is generally elevated over 1,500 feet 
above tidewater. The Alleghany mountains 
pass through its e. part. The soil is a rich cal- 
careous loam, adapted to grain, but especially to 
grazing. Capital, Union. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 12,458, sheep 20,047, swine 13,788; 
wheat 67,993 bush, produced, rye 3^,872, Ind. 
corn 209,408, buckwheat 5,742, oats 124,228, po- 
tatoes 22,665, sugar 78,825 pounds ; 16 stores, 
cap. $229,000 ; 1 woollen fac, 7 tanneries, 8 dis- 
tilleries, 2 flouring m., 21 grist m., 29 saw m., 3 
oil m. Cap. in manufac. $65,395. 1 acad. 60 
students, 5 sch. 119 scholars. Pop. whites 7,457 
slaves 86S, free col'd 97; total. 8,422. 

Monroe, county, Geo. Situated near the 
centre of the state, and contains 370 sq. ms. Oc- 
mulgee r. runs on its n. e. border, by branches 
of which it is drained. Capital, Forsyth. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 10,037, sheep 5,541, 
swine 35,903; wheat 62,651 bush, produced, rye 
1,50S, Ind. corn 511,241, oats 49,931, potatoes 
18,001, cotton 4,673,983 pounds ; 13 stores, cap. 
$52,825 ; 4 tanneries. Cap. in manufac. $20,900. 
17 acad. 752 students, 14 sch. 3S8 scholars. Pop. 
whites 7,804, slaves 8,447, free cold 24; total, 
16,275. 

3I0NROE, county, Flor. Situated in the s. part 
of the peninsula, having the Florida channel on 
the s., and the Gulf of Mexico w. It contains 
the Florida Keys. The interior has been but 
little explored. It contains a part of the Ever- 
glades, an inunilated region, covered with pine, 
and with hammock islands. In the n. w. part is 
some fertile land. Capital, Key West. There 
were in 1849, 4 commission hou.ses, cap. $99,000; 
16 stores, cap. $31,500; 1 printing office, I week- 
ly newspaper, 3 sch. 23 scholars. Pop. 68S. 

Monroe, county, Ala. Situated toward the s. 
part of the state, and contains 980 sq. ms. Wa- 
tered by Alaliama r. and its branches, along 
which is some fertile land. Capital, Monroeville. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 18,182. sheep 
3,65 1, .swine 33,073 ; wheat 5,335 bush, produced, 
Ind. corn 291,504, oats 10,769, potatoes 40,606, 
rice 33,351 pounds, tobacco 10,000, cotton 936,327; 
30 stores, cap. $113,924 ; 6 tanneries, 32 grist m., 
15 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $44,995. 12 sch. 
306 scholars. Pop. whites 5,370, slaves 5,292, 
free col'd 18; total, 10,630. 

Monroe, county. Miss. Situated toward the 
N. E. part of the state, and contains 0.50 sq. ms. 
Drained by Tombigbee r., and Battahatchee r., 
its tributary. Capital, Athens. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 12,097, sheep 2,833, swine 
25,300 ; wheat 22,592 bush, produced, Ind. corn 
331,190, oats 39,685, potatoes 19,092, tobacco 
6,797 pounds, cotton 712,095 ; 2 com. houses, cap. 
$1,000; 24 stores, cap. $124,800; 1 tannery, 5 
distilleries, 1 potterj', 1 flouring m., 15 grist ra., 8 
saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly nevi'spaper. 
Cap. in manufac. $28,850. 3 acad. 93 students, 
10 sch. 110 scholars. Pop. whites 5,146, slaves 
4,083, free col'd 21 ; total, 9,250. 

MoNROE, coimty, Tenn. Situated in the .s. e. 
part of the state, and contains 750 sq. ms. Drain- 
ed by branches of the Tennessee r. Capital, 
Madisonville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
6,539, sheep 5,665, swine 17,261 ; wheat 39,525 
bush, produced, rye 2,231, Ind. corn 345,287, oats 
90,815, potatoes 4,750, tobacco 1,540 pounds, cot- 
ton 3,180 ; 3 stores, cap. $16 000 ; 2 tanneries, 9 



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422 



MON 



distilleries, 1 pottery, 1 flouring m., 10 grist m., 
4 saw m. Cap. in. manuf'ac. $2,390. 2 acad. 77 
students, 12 sch. 172 scholars. Pop. whiles 
11,125, slaves 864, free col'd 67; total, 12,050. 

Monroe, county, Ivy. Situated in the s. part 
of the state, and contains 280 sq. ms. Drained 
by Big Barren r. and its branches. Cumberland 
r. enters it in one of its curves, but soon passes 
out of it. Capital, Tompkinsville. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 0,314, sheep 8,952, swine 
29,390; wheat 33,070 bush, produced, rye 1.945, 
Ind. corn 311,047, oats 77,02S, potatoes 11,100, 
tobacco 420,012 pounds, cotton 42,959, sugar 
16,429 ; 15 stores, cap. $30,200 ; 4 tanneries. 30 
distilleries, 19 grist m., 10 saw ra., 1 oil m. Cap. 
in manufac. $20,515. 1 acad. 25 students, 8 sch. 
156 scholai-s. Pop. whites 5,811, slaves 703, free 
col'd 12 ; total, 0,520. 

Monroe, county, O. Situated toward the s. e. 
part of the state, and contains 520 sq. nis. The 
Ohio r. forms its e. boundary. The surface is 
hilly and rough, with some level and fertile land. 
Coal is abundant, and iron ore is found. Drained 
by Little Muskingum r., and Sunfish, Duck, and 
Wills creeks. Capital, Woodfield. Tliere were 
m 1840, neat cattle 11,303, sheep 20,518, swine 
27,354 ; wheat 168,795 bush, produced, rye 3,430, 
Ind. corn 423,391, buckwheat 7,502, oats 172,174, 
potatoes 75,883, tobacco 1,026,860 pounds, sugar 
77,996; 32 stores, cap. $39,290; 3 fulling m., 12 
tanneries, 8 distilleries, 1 brewery, 2 potteries, 1 
(louring m., 35 grist m., 37 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. 
in manufac. $62,425. 22 sch. 820 scholars. Pop. 
18,521. 

Monroe, county, Mich. Situated in the s. e. 
part of the state, and contains 540 sq. ms. The 
surface is level ; soil, very fertile. Drained by 
Rai.sin r. and bay. Otter, Plum, Sandy, Stony, 
and Swan creeks. Lake Erie bounds it on the k. 
< 'apital, Monroe. Tliere were in 1840, neat cat- 
tle 8,364, sheep 3,010, swine 9,281 ; wheat 42,856 
bush, produced, rye 2,103, Ind. corn 74,407, 
buckwheat 7,887, barley, 2,199, oats 68,794, po- 
tatoes 83,016, sugar 10,627 pounds; 24 stores, 
cap. $22,268 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tan- 
nery, 2 flouring m., 5 grist m., 11 saw m., 1 paper 
fac, 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. 
Cap. in manufac. $68,200. 30 sch. 777 scholars. 
Pop. 9,922. 

Monroe, county, la. Situated a little n. e. of 
the centre, and contains 390 sq. ms. Drained by 
the w. fork of White r. and its tributaries, which 
afTord good water power. Tlie surface is level, 
with timber and .some wet prairie. Capital, An- 
ilersontown. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
4,019, sheep 7,470, .swine 19,701 ; wheat 57,636 
bush, produced, rye 2,248, Ind. oorn 407,968, oats 
95,221, potatoes 9,780, tobacco 7,305 pounds, su- 
gar 20,929 ; 20 stores, cap. $69,000; 1 furnace, 7 
woollen fac, 15 tanneries, 13 distilleries, 6 flour- 
ing m., 12 grist m., 10 saw m., 4 oil m., 3 printing 
offices, 3 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. 
$36,745. 1 college 90 sludent,s, 1 acad. GO stu- 
dents, 17 sch. 553 scholars. Pop. 10,143. 

Monroe, county. 111. Situated toward the s. 
w. part of the state, and contains 300 sq. ms. 
Watered by Horse, Prairie, De Long, and Eagle 
creeks. The Mis.sissippi r. bounds it on the w. 
and s. w. There is considerable good land on its 
K. border. On the w. it is hilly and broken. 
Capital, Waterloo. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 8,532, sheep 3,338, swine 16,516; wheat 
22,512 bu.sh. produced, Ind. corn 293,462, oats 
21,975, potatoes 10,016; 15 stores, cap. $33,350 ; 

3 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 2 flouring m., 3 grist m., 

4 saw m. Cap. in maimlac. $43,900. 5 sch. 168 
echolars. Pop. 4,481. 



Monroe, county, Mo. Situated toward the n. 
E. part of the state, and contains 744 sq. ms. The 
surface is undulating, with one third prairie ; soil, 
fertile. Watered by Salt r. and its branches. 
Capital, Paris. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
8,591, sheep 9,760, swine 29,585 ; wheat 19,208 
bush, produced, rye 5,437, Ind. corn 491,854, oats 
89,014, potatoes 16,710, tobacco 182,414 pounds ; 
20 stores, cap. $63,200 ; 4 tanneries, 7 distilleries, 

1 pottery, 13 grist m., 14 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $38,200. 3 acad. 125 students, 20 sch. 479 
scholars. Pop. whites 7,813, slaves 1,687, free 
col'd 5 ; total, 9,505. 

Monroe, county. Ark. Situated in the e. part 
of the state, and contains 1,150 sq. ms. Watered 
by Cache and White rivers. Capital, Lawrence- 
ville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 2,310, 
sheep 135, swine 4,074 ; wheat 550 bush, pro- 
duced, Ind. corn 54,542, oats 2,460, potatoes 2,706, 
cotton 28,375 pounds ; 4 stores, cap. $9,104 ; 4 
flouring m., 2 sch. 33 scholars. Pop. whites 786, 
slaves 148, free col'd 2 ; total, 936. 

Monroe, p-t., Waldo co., Me., 54 n. e. Augus- 
ta, 649 W. Watered by Marsh r., which flows 
into the Penobscot. The soil is fertile, adapted 
to grain. It has 2 stores, cap. $4,500 ; 1 tannery, 

2 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $15,375. 
8 sch. 669 scholars. Pop. 1,602. 

Monroe, t., Washington co., Vt., 15 n. n. e. 
Montpelier. Charterecl in 1781 by the name of 
Woodbury, received the name of Alonroe in 1833. 
Watered by branches of Onion or Winooski and 
Lamoille rivers. It contains numerous ponds. 
It has 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$4,850. 13 sch. 367 scholars. Pop. 1,092. 

Monroe, p-t., Franklin co., Mass., 120 w. by 
N. Boston, 407 W. Deerfield r. runs on its E. 
border. Incorporated in 1822. The soil is adapt- 
ed to grazing, and many fine sheep are raised. 
It has 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$1,200. 4 sch. 98_ scholars. Pop. 282. 

Monroe, p-t., Fairfield co., Ct., 54 s. w. Hart- 
ford, 293 W. The surface is rough and stony ; 
soil, adapted to grazing. The v. at the centre is 
on elevated ground, and contains 1 Congrega- 
tional and 1 Episcopal church, and an academy. 
There are besides a Bapti.st and a Methodist 
church in the t. Incorporated in 1823. It has 5 
stores, cap. $9,500 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 4 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $2,000. 1 acad. 20 stu- 
dents, 6 sch. 230 scholars. Pop. 1,351. 

Monroe, p-t.. Orange co., N. Y., 14 s. e. Go- 
shen, 117 s. by w. Albany, 279 W. The surface 
is broken and hilly, the range of the Highlands 
passing through it. The soil is various. Drained 
by Ramapo r., which flows into the Passaic r., 
in N. .1. Iron ore is found. The v. is situated 
on Ramapo r., and contains 1 Presbyterian and 
1 Methodist church, an academy, 4 stores, 1 grist 
m., 1 saw m., 1 fulling m., 1 carding machine, 60 
dwellings, and about 450 inhabitants. The New 
York and and Erie railroad passes through the 
place. There are m the t. 9 sch. 417 scholars. 
Pop. 3,914. 

Monroe, p-v., Hardiston t, Susse.x co., N. J., 
80 N. Trenton, 248 W. It contains a store, a 
mill, and several dwellings. 

Monroe, t., Middlesex co., N.J. It has 8 stores, 
cap. $26,500 ; 5 distilleries, 1 paper fac, 4 grist 
m., 5 saw m. t;ap. in manufac. $109,900. 1 
acad. 25 students, 8 sch. 285 scholars. Pop. 
2,453. 

Monroe, t., Bradford co.. Pa. It has 5 stores, 
cap. $49,0(X); 1 tannery, 4 grist m., 18 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $29,450. 6 sch. 278 scholars. 
Pop. 1,153. 

Monroe, p-v., Durham t., Bucks co.. Pa., 116 



MON 



423 



MON 



E. Harrisburg, 181 W. Situated on the w. bank 
of Delaware r., and contains a store and 10 or 12 
dwellings. 

Monroe, t., Cumberland co., Pa., 7 s. e. Car- 
lisle. The surface is level ; soil, calcareous 
loam. Watered by Yellow Breeches cr., which 
affords water power. It has 6 stores, cap. 
$17,400; I fulling ra., 1 woollen fac, 4 tanner- 
ie.s, 1 distillery, 4 flouring m., 2 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $8,588. Pop. 1,570. 

Monroe, t., Luzerne co., Pa. It has 1 grist 
m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,300. 2 sch. 
70 scholars. Pop. 340. 

Monroe, t., Armstrong co.. Pa. It has 5 stores, 
cap. $11,100; 2 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 
3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,200. 5 sch. 240 
scholars. Pop. 1,151. 

Monroe, p-v., capital of Walton co., Ga., 61 
N. w. by N. Milledgeville, 635 W. Situated on 
the head of Ocmulgee r. It contains a court 
house, jail, an academy, 2 churches — 1 Baptist, 
1 Methodist — and 1 1 stores. 

Monroe, p-v., capital of Washita parish. La., 
300 N. w. by N. New Orleans, 1,190 W. Situ- 
ated on the E. side of Wasluta r., at the head of 
steamboat navigation. It has a court house, jail, 
a U. S. land ollice, an academy, 4 stores, 100 
dwellings, and 500 inhabitants. 

Monroe, p-v., capital of Overton co., Tenn., 
102 E. by N. Nashville, 602 W. Situated on a 
small branch of Obies r. It contains a court 
house, and several stores and dwellings. 

Monroe, p-v., Hart co., Ky., 100 s. w. Frank- 
fort, 623 W. Situated on the w. side of Little 
Barren r. 

Monroe, p-v., Lemon t., Butler co., O., 95 w. 
s. w. Columbus, 479 W. It contains 2 brick 
churches, a seminary of the Associate Reformed 
Church, 40 dwellings, and about 250 inhabitants. 

Monroe, t., Adams co., O. Situated on the 
Ohio r. It has 3 stores, cap. $1,272 ; 2 sch. 50 
scholars. Pop. 832. 

Monroe, t., Ashtabula co., O. Organized in 
1818. It has 8 schools, 406 scholars. Pop. 
1,323. 

Monroe, t., Butler co., O. It has I sch. 50 
scholars. Pop. 202. 

Monroe, t., Carroll co., O. It has 1 sch. 26 
scholars. Pop. 1,060. 

Monroe, t., Clermont co., O. It has 7 stores, 
cap. $6,200; 1 acad. 44 students, 9 sch. 480 
scholars. Pop. 1,628. 

Monroe, t., Coshocton co., O. Situated be- 
tween Killbuck and Mohiccan creeks. Pop. 
557. 

Monroe, t., Darke co., O. Pop. 471. 

Monroe, t., Guernsey co., O. It has 1 acad. 
58 students, 5 sch. 160 scholars. Pop. 940. 

Monroe, t., Harrison co., O. It has 5 sch. 177 
scholars. Pop. 1,039. 

Monroe, t., Holmes co., O. It has 3 stores, 
cap. $3,200 ; 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $500. 
Pop. 899. 

Monroe, t., Knox co., O. Schenck's cr. pass- 
es through the e. part, and affords water power. 
It has 6 sch. 233 scholars. Pop. 1,249. 

Monroe, t.. Licking co., O. It has 7 sch. 327 
scholars. Pop. 1,150. 

Monroe, t., Logan co., O. It has 5 sch. 155 
scholars. Pop. 1,203. 

Monroe, t., Madison co., O. It has 1 grist m. 
Cap. in manufac. $600. 5 sch. 175 scholars. 
Pop. 385. 

Monroe, t., Miami co., O. Situated on the n. 
side of the national road. It has 1 distillery, 3 
flouring m., 1 grist m., 4 .saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $21,000. 5 sch. 281 scholars. Pop. 1,404. 



Monroe, t., Muskingum co., O. Pop. 918. 

Monroe, t., Perry co., O. It has 5 sch. 150 
scholars. Pop. 999. 

Monroe, t., Preble co., O. It has a level sur- 
face and a light soil. Pop. 1,176. 

Monroe, t., Pickaway co., O. It has 3 sch. 60 
scholars. Pop. 1,346. 

Monroe, t., Richland co., O. Situated on 
Mohiccan cr. Pop. 1,624. 

Monroe, t., Putnam co., O. Pop. 509. 

Monroe, t., Putnam co., la. It has 3 grist m^ 
2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $700. 2 sch. 144 
scholars. Pop. 1,341. 

Monroe, t., Washington co., la. It has 2 
stores, cap. $.3,500 ; 1 flouring m., 7 grist m., 7 
saw m. Pop. 1,537. 

Monroe, p-t., city, and capital of Monroe co., 
Mich., 37 s. s. w. Detroit, 486 W. The city is 
situated on the River Raisin, 2i miles from il.'j 
mouth. It contains a court house, jail, 2 banks, 
a U. S. land office, 7 churches — 2 Presbyterian, 
1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, and 2 Ro- 
man Catholic — 7 storage and forwarding houses, 
22 stores, 1 woollen fac, 1 iron foundry and edge 
tool fac, 2 flouring m., 3 saw m., 1 paper m., 1 
tannery, 2 printing offices, each issuing a weekly 
newspaper, a branch of the University of Michi- 
gan, and 2 female academies, a reading room and 
library of 12 or 1,500 vols., 500 dwellings, and 
1,703 inhabitants. The court house is an ele- 
gant edifice of hewn stone, and cost $35,000. 
Several of the churches are handsome edifices, 
The r. afTcjrds extensive water power. A canal 
100 feet wide and 12 feet deep, is constructed 
from the city to the lake. Steamboats and other 
vessels continually ply between this place and 
other important places on the lakes. A railroad 
extends 70 ms. w. to Hillsdale. There are in the 
I. 24 stores, cap. $22,263; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen 
fac, 1 furnace, 2 flouring m., 2 grist m., 1 saw m. 
Cap. in manuiac. $7,500. Pop. exclusive of the 
city, 693. 

Monroe, p-v., capital of Greene co.. Wis., 81 
s. Madison, 846 W. Situated on a branch of 
Pickatonokee r. It contains a court house and a 
lew dwellings. 

Monroe, p-v.. Cook co., 111., 218 n. e. by n, 
Springfield, 731 W. 

Monroe, t., Hardin co.. 111. Pop. 328. 

Monroe, t., Lincoln co., Mo. It has 1 sch. 28 
scholars. Pop. 796. 

Monroe, t., Livingston co., Mo. Pop. 217. 

Monroe, t., Lafayette co.. Ark. Pop. 504. 

Monroe, t., Sevier co.. Ark. Pop. 216. 

Monroeton, p-v., Monroe t., Bradford co.. 
Pa., J 30 N. Harrisburg, 240 W. 

Monroeton, p-v., Rockingham co., N. C, 100 
N. w. Raleigh, 2S5 W. 

Monroevili^e, p-v., capital of Monroe co., Ala., 
151 s. Tuscaloosa, 943 W. Situated on a branch 
of Limestone cr., 12 ras. E. of Alabama r. It has 
a court house, and several stores and dwellings. 

MoNROEViLLE, p-v., Ridefield t., Huron co., 
O., 97 N. Columbus, 396 W. Situated on Huron 
r., which affords water power. It contains 8 
stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 carding and fulling 
m., and a number of fine dwellings, some of them 
of brick. 

Monroe Works, p-v., Monroe t.. Orange co., 
N. Y., 105 s. by w. Albany. Iron ore of an ex- 
cellent quality is found in the vicinity. It con- 
tains 3 stores, 1 blast furnace, 1 machine shop, 1 
grist m., and 40 dwellings. 

Monrovia, p-v., Frederick co., Md., 68 n. w. 
Annapolis, 48 W. 

MoNRovi.\, p-v., Morgan co., la., 23 s. w. In- 
dianapolis, 594 W. 



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Monrovia, p-v., Pope co., Ark., 92 n. w. Little 
Rock, 1,157 W. 

MoNsoN, p-t., Piscataquis co.. Me., 77 n. by e. 
Augusta, 672 W. In the w. part is a pond, by 
the outlet of which, and its tributaries, it is wa- 
tered, which flows into and through Sebec pond, 
and enters Piscataquis r. The soil is fertile, 
adapted to grain. Incorporated in 1822. It has 

1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $4,550. 7 sch. 247 scholars. Pop. 
548. 

MoNsoN, p-t., Hampden co., Mass., 75 s. w. by 
w. Boston, 380 W. The surface is various ; soil, 
fertile. Watered by Chickopee r. and its branches, 
which afford water power. The v., at tlie centre, 
contains a Congregational church and a flourish- 
ing academy. There are in the t. a Baptist and 
a Methodist church. It has 4 stores, cap. $18,000 ; 
3 woollen fac, 2 cotton fac. 3,324 sp., 1 tannery, 

2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $87,800. 

1 acad. 90 students, 14 sch. 350 scholars. Pop. 
2,151. 

Montague, p-t., Franklin co., Mass., 85 w. by 
N. Boston, 396 W. Situated on the e. bank of 
Connecticut r., across which is a bridge, connect- 
ing it with Deerfield. Watered by Sawmill r. 
The surface is uneven ; soil, various. In the n. 
w. part of the t. are Turner's falls, in Connecti- 
cut r., with a descent of 70 feet, around which is 
a canal, 3 ms. long. There is an immense dam 
across the r., in one place 40 feet high. Here is 
a great water power. Incorporated in 1753. Tliere 
is a v. at the centre, on Sawmill r., which con- 
tains 2 churches. There are in the t. 5 stores, 
cap. $13,900; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $16,903. 11 sch. 365 scholars. 
Pop. 1,255. 

Montague, p-t., Sussex co., N. J., 91 n. Tren- 
ton, 258 W. Delaware r. bounds it on the n. w. 
The surface is mountainous on the .s. e. ; on the 
s. w. it is a river alluvion. The soil is fertile, 
and well cultivated, adapted to grain. Settled 
by the Dutch before 1680. Drained by Mill 
brook, Chamber's Mill brook, and Big and Little 
Flat kills, which flow into Delaware r. It has 1 
store, cap. $10,000 ; 1 lumber yard, cap. $800 ; 

2 tanneries, 4 grist m., 1 saw m. 6 schools 143 
scholars. Pop. 1,026. 

Montague, p-v., Essex co., Va., 68 n. e. Rich- 
mond, 130 W. It is a small v., with about 50 
inhabitants. 

Montague Canal, p-v., Montague t., Frank- 
lin CO., Mass., 88 Boston, 399 W. Situated on 
the e. side of Connecticut r., at Turner's falls. 

MoNTALONA, p-0., McHenry co., 111., 233 n. n. 
e. Springfield. 768 W. 

MoNTAUK Point, N. Y., 140 e. New York, 
constitutes the extreme E. end of Long Island. 
It is a high promontory, against which the waves 
of the Atlantic continually dash, and, in a storm, 
with tremendous violence. Here is a stone light- 
house, erected by the U. S. government in 1795, 
at an expense of $22,300. Near it is a public 
house, much resorted to in the summer months. 

Montcalm, county, Mich. Situated in the n. 
part of the settled portion of the peninsula, and 
contains 576 sq. ms. The surface is level ; soil, 
fertile. Drained by Flat r. (It is unorganized.) 

MoNTEVALLo, p-v., Shelby co., Ala., 58 e. 
Tuscaloosa, 786 W. 

Montevideo, p-v., Elbert co., Ga., 125 n. n. 
E. Milledgeville, 565 W. 

Montezuma, p-v., Mentz t., Cayuga co., N. 
Y., 162 \v. by n. Albany, 342 W. Situated at 
the junction of Cayuga and Seneca canal with 
the Erie canal. It contains 1 church, 5 stores, 
and about 600 inhabitants. It contains strong 



saline springs, from which salt has been manu- 
factured since the earliest settlement of the coun- 
try. The Montezuma marshes extend along the 
outlet of Cayuga lake, and along Seneca r., 14 
miles long, and from 2 to 3 wide, covered in the 
summer with grass from 3 to 4 feet high. 

Montezuma, p-v., Parke co., la., 72 w. Indian- 
apolis, 644 W. Situated on the e. side of the 
Wabash r. 

Montezuma, p-v., Pike co.. 111., 60 w. by s. 
Springfield, 840 W. Situated on the w. bank of 
Illinois r. 

Montezuma, p-o., Mercer co., O. 

Montezuma, p-o.. Union co., Ky., 219 w. by 
s. Frankfort, 760 W. 

Montezuma, p-v., McNairy co., Tenn., 155 s. 
w. Nashville, 840 W. 

Montezuma, p-v., capital of Covington co., 
Ala., 186 s. E. Tuscaloosa, 914 W. Situated on 
the E. bank of Conecuh r., and contains a court 
house and several dwellings. 

3Iontford's Cove, p-o., Rutherford co., N. 
C, 231 w. by s. Raleigh, 468 W. 

Montgomery, county, N. Y. Centrally situ- 
ated in the k. part of the state, and contains 356 
sq. ms. The surface is mountainous and hilly, 
terminating in the valley of the Mohawk in the 
N., which bound.s it in that direction. Drained 
by East Canada, Otsquake, and Schoharie creeks, 
which flow into the Mohawk. The alluvial flats 
on the streams are very fertile. Capital, Fonda. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 26,806, sheep 
36,588, swine 29,108; wheat 34,281 bushels pro- 
duced, rye 40,86S, Ind. corn 90,374, buckwheat 
38,312, barley 193,530, oats 422,415, potatoes 
55U,S29, sugar 51,691 pounds; 94 stores, capital 
$370,150 ; 2 furnaces, 8 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 
16 tanneries, 6 distilleries, 2 breweries, 3 flouring 
m., 21 grist m., 67 saw m. Capital in manufac. 
$330,404. 3 acad. 396 students, 116 sch. 5,555 
scholars. Pop. 35,818. 

Montgomery, county. Pa. Situated in the s. 
E. part of the state, and contains 425 square ms. 
The surface is gently uneven ; soil, fertile, par- 
ticularly along the valley of the Schuylkill, 
which runs on its s. w. border. On the Schuyl- 
kill are 7 dams, with short canals, which afford 
extensive water power. Drained by Manataw- 
ney, Perkiomen, and Wissihickon creeks, which 
flow into the Schuylkill, and Pennypack creek, 
which flows into the Delaware. Capital, Norris- 
town. There were in 1840, neat cattle 31,652, 
sheep 15,249, swine 32,707 ; wheat 181,858 bush, 
produced, rye 275,069, Ind. corn 503,065, buck- 
wheat 42,530, barley 4,199, oats 612,990, potatoes 
239,230; 144 stores, cap. $425,000; 13 lumber 
yards, cap. $66,400; 2 fulling m., 8 woollen fac, 
23 tanneries, 1 distillery, 12 powder m., 6 potter- 
ies, 9 paper fac, 6 printing offices, 4 weekly, 2 
semi and tri-weekly newspapers, 26 flouring m., 
100 grist m., 77 saw m., 30 oil m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $911,868. 10 acad. 372 students, 72 sch. 
4,465 scholars. Pop. 47,241. 

Montgomery, county, Md. Situated toward 
the w. part of the state, and contains 576 sq. ms. 
The surface is moderately uneven ; soil, indiffer- 
ent, excepting on the streams. Patuxent r. runs 
on its N. E. boundary, and the Potomac r. on its 
s. w., by branches of which it is drained. Capi- 
tal, llockville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
8,62S, sheep 16,038, swine 19,839 ; wheat 142,759 
bush, produced, rye 27,704, Indian corn 308,385, 
buckwheat 2,638, oats 225,168, potatoes 62,546, 
tobacco 1,088,412 pounds ; 25 stores, cap. $99,457 ; 
1 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac 700 sp., 4 tanneries, 
1 flouring m., 18 grist m., 16 saw m., 1 oil m. 
Cap. m manulac. $61,925. 3 acad. 172 students, 



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17 sch. 514 scholars. Pop. whites 8,766, slaves 
5,377, free cold 1,313; total, 15,456. 

MoNTGOMERV, couiity, Va. Situated toward 
the s. w. part of the state, and contains 1,000 sq. 
ms. Organized in 1777. The Blue Ridge runs 
on its E. border. Drained by New r. and its 
branches, and the head waters of Bannister r. 
The surface is broken and rough ; soil, on the 
streams, fertile. Capital, Christiansburg. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 9,635, sheep 13,43'J, 
swine 16,834 ; wheal 106,258 bush produced, rye 
21,093, Ind. corn 208,885, buckwheat 2,615, oats 
114,365, potatoes 18,071, tobacco 241,275 pounds, 
sugar 1,000; 11 stores, cap. $126,300; 8 tanner- 
ies, 9 distilleries, 2 potteries, 4 flouring m., 19 
grist m., 19 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $59,315. 

1 acad. 40 students, 17 sch. 402 scholars. Pop. 
whites 5,825, slaves 1,473, free col'd 87 ; total, 
7,405. 

Montgomery, county, N. C. Situated toward 
the s. w. part of the state, and contains 500 sq. 
ms. Drained by Yadkin r. and its branches. 
The surface is hilly and mountainous. Soil, fer- 
tile. Capital, Lawrenceville. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 10,603, sheep 8,508, swine 18,031 ; 
wheat 48,879 bushels produced, rye 1,535, Indian 
corn 255,496, oats 19,359, potatoes 11,950 tobacco 
200,597 pounds, cotton 2,332,222 ; 15 stores, cap. 
$33,500 ; 1 cotton fac. 528 .sp., 8 tanneries, 34 dis- 
tilleries, 12 flouring m., 48 grist m., 15 .saw m. 
Cap. m manufac. $56,138. 19 sch. 432 scholars. 
Pop. whites 8,221, slaves 2,487, free colored 72 ; 
total, 10,789. 

Mo.NTGOMERY, county, Ga. Situated toward 
the s. E. part of the state, and contains 1,100 sq. 
ms. It has the Ocmulgee, and Auchenahatchee, 
its tributary, on its s. and s. w. border. Drained 
by Oconee r. and its branches, and Pendleton cr. 
Capital, Mount Vernon. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 6,781, sheep 1,33.), swine 6,530; 
wheat 1,119 bush, produced, Indian com 22,213, 
potatoes 4,000, cotton 18,220 pounds, sugar 3,615 ; 
4 grist m. Pop. whites 1,279, slaves 337 ; total, 
1,616. 

Montgomery, county, Ala. Situated a little 
s. E. of the centre of the state, and contains 900 
sq. ms. Drained by branches of Coosa and Tal- 
lapoosa rivers, which run on its n. and w. bor- 
ders. Cotton is the chief production. Capital, 
Montgomery. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
25,335, sheep 9,590, swine 56,408 ; wheat 7,9U7 
bush, produced, rye 3,052, Indian corn 1,353,917, 
barley 578, oats 72,741, potatoes 87,214, rice 
22,847 pounds, tobacco 2,3j6, cotton 14,871,463; 

2 commission houses, cap. $5,500 ; 29 stores, cap. 
$429,100 ; 2 tanneries, 1 flouring m., 8 grist m., 5 
saw m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. 
Cap. in manufac. $212,653. 1 college, 62 stu- 
dents, 4 acad. 212 students, 21 sch. 678 scholars. 
Pop. whites 8,972, slaves 15,486, free col'd 116; 
total, 24,574. 

Montgomery, county, Tenn. Situated toward 
the N. w. part of the state, and contains 500 sq. 
ms. Drained by Cumberland r. and its branches, 
particularly Red r., from the n. e. Capital, 
Clarkesville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
17,711, sheep 13,117, swine 52,782 ; wheat 83,942 
bush, produced, rye 2,985, Ind. corn 910,000, oats 
222,527, potatoes 22,420, tobacco 2,549,9iS4 pounds, 
cotton 4,802 ; 24 stores, cap. $206,475 ; 6 furnaces, 

3 forges, 7 tanneries, 6 distilleries, 5 flouring m., 
21 grist m., 20 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $329,000. 
3 acad. 127 students, 14 sch. 379 scholars. Pop. 
whites 9,762, slaves 7,059, free col'd 106 ; total, 
16,927. 

Montgomery, county, Ky. Situated centrally 

ui the E. part of the state, and contains 260 sq. I 

54 



ms. Drained by Red r. and its tributaries, a 
branch of Kentucky r., and by a branch of Lick- 
ing r. Capital, Mount Sterling. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 11,652, sheep 16,189, swine 
33,183 ; wheat 48,191 l)u^^l^. jjroduced, rye 41,060, 
Indian corn 735,()98, (lats (V..i,149, potatoes 13,789, 
sugar 64,212 pounds ; 11 stores, cap. $144,200 ; 4 
tanneries, 1 distillery, 14 grist m., 11 saw m., 1 
oil m. Cap. in manufac. $53,918. 20 sch. 473 
scholars. Pop. whites 6,409, slaves 2,735, free 
col'd 188 ; total, 9,332. 

Montgomery, county, O. Situated in the s. 
w. part of the state, and contains 480 sq. ms. 
Drained by Miami r. and ils branches. The sur- 
face is level or slightly rolling ; soil, generally 
fertile. Capital, Dayton. Tiiere were in 1840, 
neat cattle 16,245, sheep 29,631, swine 39,298; 
wheat 365,938 bush, produced, rye 54,227, Ind. 
corn 814,707, buckwheat 3,359, barley 4,728, oats 
374,481, potatoes 34,098, sugar 122,394 pounds ; 
130 stores, cap. $426,800 ; 2 lumber yards, cap. 
$65,000 ; 3 fulling m., 5 woollen fac, 6 cotton 
fac. 3,530 sp., 12 tanneries, 30 distilleries, 2 brew- 
eries, 2 potteries, 34 flouring m., 11 grist m., 56 
saw m., 2 oil m., 2 printing offices, 2 binderies, 1 
weekly and 1 periodical newspaper. Cap. in 
manufac. $423,160. 2 acad. 82 students, 100 sch. 
7,122 scholars. Pop. 31,938. 

Montgomery, county, la. Situated n. w. of 
the centre of the state, and contains 504 sq. ms. 
Drained by Sugar, Big, and Little Racoon creeks. 
The surface is undulating ; sod, very fertile. Cap- 
ital, Crawfordsville. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 12,703, sheep 15,831, swine 35,711 ; wheat 
84,709 bush, produced, rye 3,795,Ind. corn 993,785, 
buckwheat 1,771, oats 98,621, potatoes 25,650, to- 
bacco 17,332 pounds, sugar 175,4S2 ; 33 stores, 
cap. $107,665 ; 1 fulling m., 11 woollen fac, 11 
tanneries, 8 distilleries, 1 pottery, 12 flourhig in., 
12 grist m., 37 saw m., 10 oil m., 2 printing oflices, 
2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $115,971. 

1 college, 100 students, 2 acad. 243 students, 29 
sch. 626 scholars. Pop. 14,348. 

Montgomery, county. 111. Situated a little 
s. of the centre of the state, and contains 684 sq. 
ms. Drained by Shoal cr. and its branches, the 
head waters of 3Iacoupin cr., and a branch of the 
south Ibrk of Sangamon r. The surface is ele- 
vated and undulating, consisting of timber and 
prairie ; soil, fertile. Capital, Illllsboro. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 7,464, sheep 7,076, swine 
13,517; wheat 27,5iJO bush, produced, rye 1,222, 
Ind. corn 215,592, buckwheat 1,336, oats 57,608, 
potatoes 9,995, tobacco 5,131 pounds; 9 stores, 
cap. $31,281 ; 2 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 25 grist 
m., 17 saw m., 1 oil m., 1 printing oflice, 1 weekly 
newspaper. Cap. in manufac. .':;>19,163. 1 acad. 
186 students, 7 sch. 391 scholars. Pop. 4,490. 

Montgomery, county. Mo. Situated toward 
the E. part of the state, and contains 576 sq. ms. 
Missouri r. runs on its s. border. Drained by 
An Cuivre and Loutre creeks. The surface is 
undulating ; soil, various. Capital, Danville. 
There were hi 1840, neat cattle 1,858, sheep 5,397, 
swine 9,954; wheat 12,717 bush, produced, rye 
1,148, Ind. corn 122,4'.;0,oats 26,289, potatoes 7,634, 
tobacco 837,039 pounds; 12 stores, cup. $35,190; 

2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 3 grist in., 2 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $1,556. 1 acad, 28 students, 5 
sch, 74 scholars. Pop. wliites 3,524, slaves 827, 
free col'd 20 ; total, 4,371. 

3Io.\tgomery, p-t., Franklin co., Vt., 61 n. 
Montpelier, 568 W. Drained by Trout r.. a branch 
of the 31issisque r. and its tributaries, which 
afford water power. On the r. is a tract of fertile 
interval land, back of wliicii the surface is moun- 
tainous and rough. It contains a Congregation- 



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alist and an Episcopal church, chartered in 1780. 
It has one store, cap. $1,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 wool- 
len fac, 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$8,500. 4 sch. 81 scholars. Pop. 548. 

Montgomery, p-t., Hampden co., Mass., 103 w. 
by s. Boston, 372 W. Situated on the n. side of 
Westfield r., which affords water power. Char- 
tered in 1780. The soil is well adapted to graz- 
ing, and many sheap are raised. It has 1 store, 
cap. $800 ; 1 saw m., 3 sch. 85 scholars. Pop. 
740. 

Montgomery, p-t.. Orange co., N. Y., 95 s. ,s. 
w. Albany, 2S8 W. The surface is hilly ; .soil, 
a fertile clay and gravelly loam. Drained by 
Wallkill r. The v. is situated on the e. bank of 
the Walllvill. Incorporated in 1810, and contains 
3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Dutch Reformed, 

1 Methodist — an academy, 8 stores, 1 grist m., 1 
saw m., 1 iron foundry, 1 tannery, 160 dwellings, 
and about 1,000 inhabitants. There are in the 
t. 1 acad. 61 students, 9 sch. 440 scholars. Pop. 
4,100. 

Montgomery, t., Somerset co., N. .1., 12 s. w. 
Somerville. The surface is hilly ; soil, clay, 
sandy loam, and red shale. Drained by Beden's 
brook and its tributaries, and Stony brook. It 
contains several villages. It has 7 stores, cap. 
$13,000; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 
3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. ^5,SO0. 
7 sell. 212 scholars. Pop. 1,4:<2. 

Montgomery, t., Franklin co., Pa., 16 s. w. 
Chambersburg. The surface is level ; soil, chief- 
ly calcareous loam. Drained by Conecocheague 
cr. and its tributaries. It has 11 stores, cap. 
$73,000 ; 1 woollen fac, 4 tanneries, 10 distilleries, 

2 potteries, 3 flouring m., 6 grist m., 14 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $42,010. 1 college, 64 students, 
1 acad. 54 students, 21 sch. 7i)5 scholars. Pop. 
4,360. 

Montgomery, t., Montgomery co.. Pa., 20 n. 
Philadelphia. Drained by Wisaliickon cr., and 
the w. branch of Neshaminy cr., the former of 
which flows s. to the Schuylkill, the latter e. to 
the Delaware. The surface is level ; soil, red 
shale and loam. The v., called Montgomery 
Square, contains 1 store, an academy, and 8 or 10 
dwellings. The t. has 3 stores, cap. $5,750 ; I 
tannery, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$1,100. 2 sch. 70 scholars. Pop. 1,007. 

Montgomery, t., Indiana co.. Pa. It has 1 
store, cap. $100 ; 1 pottery, 2 grist m., 7 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $4,632. Pop. 737. 

Montgomery, p-v.. Sycamore t., Hamilton co., 
O., 107 s. w. by w. Columbus, 480 W. 

Montgomery, t., Franklin co., O. It contains 
in its western part the city of Colinnljus, the cap- 
ital of the state. Its territory is small, but it is 
wealthy and populous. The surface is gently 
undulating ; soil, fertile. Chartered in 1807. 
Pop. l,44y, exclusive of Columbus city. 

Montgomery, t., Marion co., O. It has 3 sch. 
120 scholars. Pop. 552. 

Montgomery, t., Richland co.,0. Pop. 2,445. 

Montgomery, t.. Wood co., O. It has 5 sch. 
150 scholars. Pop. 609. 

Montgomery, t., Benton co., Mo. Pop. 633. 

Montgomery, p-o., Sumner co., Tenn., 21 N. 
Nasiwille, 682 W. 

Montgomery, city, and capital of Montgome- 
ry CO., Ala., 200 N. E. Mobde, 112 s. e. Tus- 
caloosa, 839 W. Situated on the e. side of Ala- 
bama r., on a high bluff, at the head of steamboat 
navigation. It contains 7 churches — 1 Presby- 
terian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist Epis- 
copal, 1 Methodist Protestant, 1 Universalisf, and 
1 Roman Catholic — 2 academies, 30 stores, 200 
dwellings, and 2,250 inhabitants. Founded in 



1817. Cotton is yearly shipped to the amount 
of 40,000 bales, averaging 500 pounds each. A 
railroad connects this place, 87i miles, with West 
Point, Georgia. 

Montgomery, p-o.. Holmes co., Miss., 43 n. 
Jackson, 1,016 W. 

Montgomery Bridge, p-o., Armstrong co., 
Pa., 169 w. N. vv. Harrisburg, 222 W. 

Montgomery Cross Ro.\ds, p-o., Montgomery 
t.. Wood CO., O., 103 N. vv. Columbus, 448 W. 

Montgomery's Ferry, p-o.. Perry co , Pa., 19 
N. w. Harrisburg, 134 W. It contains a few 
dwellings. Here is a ferry across the Susque- 
hanna r. 

Montgomeryville, p-v.,Montgomory co.. Pa., 
101 e. Harrisburg, 159 W. It contains a Baptist 
church, 2 stores, and 12 or 15 dwellings. 

Monticello, t., Aroostook co., Me. It has 1 
saw m. 

Monticello, p-v., capital of Sullivan co., N. 
Y., 1 10 s. w. Albany, 294 W. Situated in Thomp- 
son t.,and on the Newburgh and Cocheclon turn- 
pike. Incorporated in 1830, and contains a court 
liouse, jail, coimty clerk's office, 1 Presbyterian 
and 1 Episcopal church, 5 stores, 1 tannery, 90 
dwellings, and about 500 inhabitants. 

Monticello, p-v., Fairfield dist., S. C, 31 n. 
Columbia, 499 W. 

Monticello, p-v., capital of Jasper co., Ga., 
35 w. N. w. Jlilledgeville, 642 W. It contains a 
court house, jail, an academy, 1 Baptist and I 
Methodist church, 19 stores and 60 dwellings. 

Monticello, p-v., capital of Jefl'erson co., 
Flor., 29 E. N. E. Tallahassee, 925 W. Situated 
on a ridge, 4 miles e. of the Mickasooky lake, and 
10 miles s. of the Georgia line. It contains a 
court house and a few dwellings. 

Monticello, p-v., Pike co., Ala., 169 s. k. 
Tuscaloosa, 849 W. Situated on a small branch 
of Pea r. 

Monticello, p-v., capital of Lawrence co., 
Miss., 85 s. Jackson, 1,064 W. Situated on the 
w. side of Pearl r., and contains a court house 
and several dwellings. 

3Ionticello, p-v., capital of Wayne co., Ky., 
110 jg. Frankfort, 599 W. Situated on the n. 
side of Beaver cr., a branch of Cumberland r. It 
contains a court house, and 142 Inhabitants. 

Monticello, p-v., capital of White co., la., 
73 N. N. w. Indianapolis, 632 W. Situated on 
the w. bank of Tippecanoe r. It has a court 
house, and several stores and dwellings. 

Monticello, p-v., capital of Piatt co.. Ill 
Situated on the e. side of Sangamon r., and con- 
tains a court house, and about 100 inhabitants. 

Monticello, p-v., capital of Lewis co.. Mo., 
145 N. by e. Jefferson City, 912 W. Situated on 
the N. E. side of North Fabias r. It has a court 
house, and several stores and dwellings. 

Montpelier, p-t., capital of Washington co., 
and of the state of Vermont. It is situated on 
an alluvial plain of moderate extent, at the junc- 
tion of the N. and s. branches of Winooski or 
Onion r., surrounded by elevated hills, some of 
which rise abruptly — in 44° 16' n. lat., and 71^ 
33 w. Ion., 33 e. .s. e. Burlington, 60 n. Windsor, 
150 N. N. E. Albany, 160 n. n. w. Boston, 97 n. 
N. w. Concord, N. 41., 516 W. Pop. in 1830, 1,792 ; 
1840, 3,725. The surface is uneven ; soil, very 
fertile. Watered by Winooski or Onion r. and 
its branches. At the centre is a small v., con- 
taining a Methodist church. The principal vil- 
lage is situated in the s. w. part of the t., and 
about 10 ms. n. e. of the geographical centre of 
the stale. It became the capital of the .state in 
1805. Onion r. and its branches here afford a 
good water power. The t. was chartered in 



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4-27 



MOO 



1780, and first settled in 1786, on the present 
site of the village. The road through the Green 
mountains, which passes through this place, en- 
counters no high hills, and constitutes Montpelier 
V. a great thoroughi'are. The v. contains a 
court liouse, jail, an academy, 4 churches — 2 
Congregational, 1 Methodist, and I Universalist 
— and 1,700 inhabitants. Among the public 
buildings is the state house, an elegant granite 
edifice, 150 feet long ; the centre, including the 
portico, 100 feet deep ; and the wings, 72 feet 
deep. The front in the centre has a fine Doric 
portico of 6 columns, 6 feet in diameter at the 
base, and 36 feet high. The edifice is surmount- 
ed by a dome, 100 teet high at the top, from the 
ground. In the interior are convenient state 
offices, and spacious and elegant rooms for the 
senate and house of representatives. The vil- 
lage was incorporated in 1818. There are in 
the t. 22 stores, cap. §127,900 ; 1 furnace, 1 ful- 
ling m., 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 5 saw m., 1 paper 
m., 6 printing offices, 1 bindery, 2 daily and 6 
weekly newspapers, and 1 periodical. Cap. in 
manufac. .$82,775. 1 acad. 101 students, 20 sch. 
975 scholars. 

Montpelier, p-o., Hanover cc, Va., 23 n. 
Richmond, 112 W. 

Montpelier, p-v., Richmond co., N. C, 91 s. 
w. Raleigh, 379 W. 

Mo.NTPELiER, p-v., Monroe cc, Ga., 17 w. 
Macon. Here is a large hotel, and a mineral 
.•■pring of some celebrity. 

MoNTPELiER, p-v., Marengo co., Ala. 

Mo.NTPELiER, p-v., Blucliford CO., la., 81 N. E. 
Indianapolis, 552 W. Situated on the s. side of 
ISalamanie r. 

Mo.NTPELiER, p-o., Muscatiue co., Iowa. 

Montrose, p b., Bridgewater t., capital of 
Susquehanna co.. Pa., 175 n. n. e. Harrisburg, 
285 W. Siluated on elevated groiuid, near the 
sources of Wyalusing and Mishoppeu creeks, 
which flow into the Susquehanna r. It was 
founded in 1811, and contains a court house, jail, 
3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, and 1 
Methodist— 14 stores, cap. $71,500; 1 tannery, 3 
printing offices, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in 
manufac. $19,505. 1 acad. 110 students, 3 sch. 
135 scholars. Pop. 632. 

Montour, t., Columbia co.. Pa. It has 1 
tannery, 1 distillery, 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. §6,060. 3 sch. 95 scholars. Pop. 
809. 

Montrose, p-v., Leo co., Iowa. It is situated 
on elevated ground, on a beautiful prairie, and 
commands a view of the Mississippi r., and of 
the surrounding country for 20 miles. It is op- 
po.site to the Mormon city of Nauvoo. This was 
the site of the " Camp Des Moines," and here are 
many remains of ancient mounds. 

Monturesville, p-v., Lycoming co.. Pa., 95 
N. Harrisburg, 205 W. 

Montvail Springs, p-o., Blount co., Tenn., 
194 e. by s. Nashville, 532 W. 

Montville, p-t., Waldo co.. Me., 26 E. N. E. 
Augusta, 622 W. Drained by head branches of 
Sheepscot r. Incorporated in 1807. The soil 
is fertile, adapted to grain. It has 4 stores, cap. 
$1,570 ; 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $5,300. 15 sch. 832 scholars. Pop. 
2,153. 

Montville, t.. New London co., Ct., 36 s. e. 
Hartford, 360 W. Situated about mid way between 
Norwich and New London. Thames r. bounds 
it on the e. The sm-face is uneven ; soil, fertile. 
Watered by Yantic r., which aflTords water 
power. It contains 5 churches — 2 Congrega- 
tionalists, 2 Baptist, and 1 in the Mohegan Indian 



reservation. There is a small remnant oi' this 
once powerful and friendly tribe remaining, to 
whose use 2,700 acres of land are secured. The 
greater part of the men follow the whaling busi- 
ness, and are but occasionally here. They have 
a small church and school house. There are in 
the t. 4 stores, cap. $4,000 ; 3 fulling m., 5 woollen 
fac, 4 grist m., 5 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $80,000. 11 sch. 432 scholars. Population, 
1,990. 

Montville, p-v., Pequannock t., Morris cOt 
N. J., 67 N. by E. Trenton, 238 W. Situated in 
a deep valley, through wliich the Morris canal 
passes, by 2 inclined planes. It contains a Dutch 
Reformed church, 2 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 
and 15 or 20 dwellings. 

Montville, p-t., Geauga co., O., 180 n. e. by 
N. Columbus, 339 W. It has 1 store, cap. $4,000 ; 

1 saw m., 2 sch. 63 scholars. Pop. 567. 
Montville, t., Medina co., O. It has 2 saw 

m. Cap. in manufac. $1,348. 4 sch. 181 schol- 
ars. Pop. 914. 

Monument, p-v.. Sandwich t., Barnstable co., 
Mass., 60 s. Boston, 461 W. Situated on the e. 
side of Buzzard's bay. It has 1 Methodist church, 
and several dwellings. 

MooDUS, p-o.. East Haddam t., Middlesex co., 
Ct., 27 s. Hartford, 33J W. 

MooERS, p-t., Clinton co., N. Y., 18 n. Platts- 
burg, 198 N. Albany, 573 W. The surface is 
iiilly and broken ; soil, various. Drained by 
Chazy r., which enters Luke Champlain, and 
English r., which flows into Canada. The v. is 
on the N. side of Chazy r., and contains 1 Con- 
gregational, and 1 Meiliodi.st church, 2 stores, 1 
grist ni., 2 saw m., 1 cloth dressing and carding 
machine, 25 dwelhngs, and about 150 inhabit- 
ants. There are in the t. 5 stores, cap. $18,400 ; 

2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 25 saw ni. Cap. in 
manufac. $60,105. 10 sch. 259 scholars. Pop. 
1,703. 

Moon, t., Beavei co.. Pa. It has 1 tannery, 
1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,600. 

1 sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 748. 

Moon, p-t., Alleghany co.. Pa. Ohio r. bounds 
it on the n. e. The surface is hilly ; soil, loam. 
Drained by Raveden's, Flaugherty's, and 3Ion- 
ture's run. The v. of Middleton is on Ohio r., 10 
ms. below Pittsburg, opposite to Neville island. It 
contains 4 stores, cap. $5,60!) ; 2 tanneries, 2 
flouring m., 2 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
re. .$4,400. 7 sch. 245 scholars. Pop. 1,281. 

MooNEY, t., Polk CO., Mo. J'op. 864. 

MooNEY, t., Phillips CO., Ark. It has 2 grist 
m. Cap. in manufac $5,U0J. Pop. 348. 

Moon's, p-o., Fayette co., O., 58 s. w. Colum- 
bus, 431 W. 

MooRE, county, N. C. Situated a little .s. w. 
of the centre of the stale, and contains 740 sq. 
ms. Drained by Deep and Haw rivers, and the 
sources of Lumber r. The soil is generally fer- 
tile on the margins of streams. Capital, Carthage. 
There were in 18i0, neat cattle 3,460, slieep 
5,430, swine 6,570 ; wheat 15,643 bush, produced, 
rye 4,195, Ind. corn 30.325, oats 17,241, potatoes 
20,194, rice 1,756 pounds, tobacco 31,416, cotton 
750,640; 7 stores, cap. $23,700; 3 tanneries, 3 
distilleries, 4 flouring m., 57 grist ra., 14 saw m., 
11 sch. 274 scholars. Pop. wliites 6,443, slaves 
1,472, free col'd 73 ; total, 7,988. 

3IooRE, t., Northampton co.. Pa. The surface 
is rolling ; soil, gravel. Drained by the head 
waters of Hockendoque and 3Ionokissy creeks. 
Blue mountain forms its n. boundary, in which 
is an opening, denominated Smith's gap. It has 
4 stores, cap. $9,0t)0 ; 1 lumberyard, cap. $1,500 ; 

2 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 5 grist m.. 



MOO 



428 



MOR 



5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $^4,200. 4 seh. 199 
scholars. Pop. 2,389. 

Moore's Creek, p-o., N. Hanover cc, N. C, 
124 s. s. E. Raleigh, 354 W. 

MooREFiELD, p-v.. Capital of Hardy co., Va., 
17a N. w. Richmond, 130 W. Situated on the e. 
bank of the s. branch of Potomac r., at the junc- 
tion of the s. Fork. It is in one of the richest 
valleys in Va., and contains a court house, jail, 
1 church, free to all denominations, 5 stores, 2 
flouring m., 2 carding and fulling m., 50 dwell- 
ings, and about 300 inhabitants. 

Moorkfieli), p-v., Nicholas co., Ky., 53 e. 
by N. Frankfort, 501 W. Situated on a small 
branch of Licking r. 

Moorefield, p-t., Harrison co., O., 102 e. by 
N. Columbus, 295 W. 

Moorefield, p-v.. Switzerland co., la., 95 s. 
E. Indianapolis, 546 W. 

MooRESBORo', p-v., Cleveland co., N. C. 
Situated on w. side of Sandy run, 16 ms. from 
Rutherfordton. 

MooRESBURG, p-v., Liberty t., Columbia co., 
Pa., 77 N. by e. Harrisburg, 187 W. 

Moore's Cross Roads, p-o., Hardiman co., 
Tenn., 194 s. w. by w. Nashville, 879 W. 

Moore's Hill, p-o., Dearborn co., la., 74 s. e. 
Indianapolis, 530 W. 

Moore's Iron Works, p-o., Johnson co., 
Tenn., 323 e. by n. Nashville, 401 W. 

Moore's Prairie, p-o., Jefferson co.. 111., 143 
s. s. w. Springfield, 789 W. 

Moore's Salt Works, p-o., Ross t., Jeffer- 
son CO., O., 133 E. by n. Columbus, 286 W. 

Moore's Store, p-o., Shenandoah co., Va., 
158 N. w. Richmond, 125 W. 

MooRESTOVvx, p-v., Chester t., Burlington co., 
N. J., 26 s. Trenton, 148 W. Situated near the 
N. branch of Pensauken cr., and coataius 2 
churches — 1 Friends and 1 Methodist — 5 stores, 
and about 60 dwellings. 

Moore.sville, p-v., Roxbury t., Delaware co., 
N. Y., 58 w. s. w. Albany, 359 W. 

Mooresville, p-v., Orange co., N. C, 75 n. 
w. Raleigh, 294 W. 

Mooresville, p-v.. Limestone co., Ala., 146 
N. by E. Tuscaloosa, 732 W. 

Mooresville, p-v., Marshall co., Tenn., 60 s. 
by w. Nashville, 718 W. 

Mooresville, p-v., Morgan co., la., 16 s. w. 
Indianapolis, 5^7 W. Situated on the E. side of 
White Lick cr. 

Moorlanp, p-o., Morefield t., Wayne co., O., 
95 N. e. Columbus, 353 W. 

Moose, r., N. IL, rises on the n. side of the 
White mountains, and enters Androscoggin r., in 
Shelburne. 

Moose, r., N. Y., rises in Hamilton co., and 
flowing across Herkimer and Lewis counties, 
enters Black r., a short distance above the High 
Falls. 

Moosehead Lake, Me., is 40 ms. long, and 
from 10 to 15 broad, and contains 100,000 acres. 
It is the source of the e. branch of Kennebec 
river. 

MoosEiiiLLOCK, mountain, N. H., 14 e. Hav- 
erhill, in the s. e. part of Coventry, so called 
from the moose, which formerly abounded on it, 
has 2 peaks. 'I'he south peak is 4,032 feet above 
Connecticut r., at Oxford bridge, and 4,556 above 
the sea; the n. peak is 4,636 feet above the 
ocean. Its summit is a bare mass of granite rock, 
on parts of which snow is found in every month, 
excepting July. 

MoosE Meadows, p-o., Tolland co., Ct. 

Moose River, p-o., Somerset co., Me., 113 n. 
Augusta, 708 W. 



Moosop, D-o., Windham co., Ct., 45 e. Hart- 
ford, 376 w: 

Moral, t., Shelby co., la. It has 1 distillery, 
3 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,200. 
Pop. 1,146. 

Moravia, p t., Cayuga co., N. Y., 158 w. Al- 
bany, 322 W. The surface is uneven, with a 
broad valley, through which flows the Owasco 
inlet, affording good water power. The soil in 
the valleys is fertile. Owasco lake lies on its n. 
w. border. The v., incorporated in 1837, con- 
tains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Episcopal church, 5 
stores, 1 cotton fac, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 tan- 
nery, 100 dwellings, and about 600 inhabitants. 
The Moravian Institute is located here. There 
are in the t. 7 stores, cap. $19,100 ; 2 fulling m., 
2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $87,050. 1 acad. 177 students, 12 sch. 720 
scholars. Pop. 2,010. 

Moravia, p-o., Beaver co., Pa., 248 w. by n. 
Harrisburg. 

Mordansville, p-v., Columbia co., Pa. 

Moreau, p-t., Saratoga co., N. Y., 50 n. Alba- 
ny, 421 W. The surface is mostly level, with 
some hills on the e. ; soil, sand, loam, and clay, 
and generally fertile. Hudson r. flows on its n. 
and E. boundary, having here a great bend. It 
embraces part of Baker's falls. Glen's falls, and 
the great dam at Fort Edward, and has extensive 
water power. It contains 5 stores, cap. $5,900 ; 
1 tannery, 2 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $26,600. 9 sch. 319 scholars. Pop. 1,576. 

M(jREAU, t., Morgan co.. Mo. It has 3 sch. 64 
scholars. Pop. 790. 

MoREAU, p-t.. Cole CO., Mo., 18 s. w. Jefferson 
City, 954 W. It has 2 sch. 54 scholars. Pop. 
975. 

Morefield, t., Clark co., O. It has 6 sch. 170 
scholars. Pop. 1,071. 

Morefield, t., Harrison co . 0. It has 8 sch. 
235 scholars. Pop. 1,505. 

Morehouse, t., Hamilton co., N. Y., 82 n. w. 
Albany. The surface is diversified ; soil, sandy 
loam. It contains numerous lakes and ponds, 
giving rise to various streams. It has 3 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $1,250. 2 sch. 43 scholars. 
Pop. 169. 

Morehouseville, p-v., Morehouse t., Hamil- 
ton CO., N. Y., 117 N. w. Albany, 432 W. It has 
10 or 15 dwellings, and 3 saw m., on Canada cr., 
half a mile n. 

MoRELAND, p-o., Dix t., Chemimg CO., N. Y., 
198 w. by s. Albany, 301 W. 

MoRELAND, t., Montgomery co., Pa., 14 n. e. 
Norristown, 16 n. Philadelphia. Watered by 
Pennypack cr. and its tributaries. The surface 
is rolling; soil, a fertile loam. At Hatboro' v. 
there is an academy. It has 8 stores, cap. 
$33,700 ; 1 cotton fac. 1,872 sp., 1 tannery, 1 pa- 
per fac, 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 2 
flouring m., 8 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $51,810. 1 acad. 70 students, 3 sch. 100 
scholars. Pop. 2,162. 

MoRELAND, p-t., Lycoming co.. Pa., 94 n. Har- 
risburg, 204 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, 
gravel. Drained by Little Muncy cr. It abounds 
with good white pine timber. It has 1 fulling m., 
1 tannery, 1 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $3,900. 5 sch. 59 scholars. Pop. 682. 

MoRELAND, t., Philadelphia co.. Pa. It has I 
store, cap. $2,000. Cap. in manufac. $400. 1 
seh. 12 scholars. Pop. 469. 

MoRELAND, p-o., Bourbon co., Ky., 32 E 
Frankfort, 514 W. 

MoRELAND, t., Scott CO., Mo. It has 2 sch. 38 
scholars. Pop. 1,318. 

Moreman's River, p-o., Albemarle co., Va. 



MOR 



429 



MOR 



106 w. N. w. Richmond, 142 W. It has one 
store. 

MoRENEi, p-o., Lenawee co., Mich., 99 s. w. 
Detroit, 507 W. 

MoRETs Mill, p-o., Ashe co., N. C. 

MoRETOWN, p-t., VVashington co., Vt., 13 s. w. 
Montpelier, 512 W. The surface is mountainous, 
and much of it incapable of cultivation. Char- 
tered in 1763 ; first settled in 1790. Watered by 
Mad r., which flows into Winooski r., and afTords 
water power. It contains 1 Congregationalist 
and 1 Methodist church. It has 1 store, cap. 
$500 ; 2 fulling m., 3 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. m 
manufac. $11,910. 9 sch. 223 scholars. Pop. 
1,123. 

Morgan, county, Va. Situated in the n. part 
of the state, and contains 350 sq. ms. Drained 
by Cacapon r. and Sleepy cr., which flow into 
the Potomac. The surface is broken and rocky ; 
soil, in the valleys, fertile. Capital, Bath. There 
■were in 1840, neat cattle 2,801, sheep 3,830, 
swine 5,669 ; wheat 37,527 bush, produced, rye 
13,812, Ind. com 63,101, buckwheat 4,880, oats 
41,590, potatoe.s 17,355, tobacco 641 pounds, sugar 
4,228 ; 12 stores, cap. $44,500 ; 1 fulling m.. 2 
woollen fac, 4 tanneries, 5 distilleries, 2 potteries, 
5 flouring m., 12 grist m., 25 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $9,044. 14 sch. 347 scholars. Pop. 
whites 4,113, slaves 134, free col'd 6; total, 
4,253. 

Morg.\n, county, Ga. Situated a little n. e. 
of the centre of the state, and contains 320 sq. 
ras. Drained by branches of Oconee r. Capi- 
tal, Madison. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
11,640, sheep 3,360, swine 18,568; wheat 31,240 
bush, produced, Ind. corn 332,116, oats 173,700, 
cotton 8,247,150 pounds. Pop. whites 3,161, 
slaves 5,646, free col'd 14 ; total, 9,121. 

Morgan, county, Ala. Situated in the N. part 
of the state^and contains 720 sq. ms. Tennessee 
r. runs on its n. boundary. Drained by Flint r. 
and Cotaco cr., and their branches, which flow 
into the Tennessee r. Capital, Snmmerville. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 13,059, sheep 
4,488, swine 35,844 ; wheat 25,262 bush, pro- 
duced, Ind. corn 788,093, barley 1,188, oats 
48,954, potatoes 14,603, tobacco 7,223 pounds, 
cotton 7,384,274 ; 1 commission house, cap. 
$15,000; 12 stores, cap. $46,300; 1 tannery, 5 
distilleries, 16 grist m., 5 saw m., 1 printing office, 
1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $7,511. 
5 acad. 131 students, 21 sch. 443 scholars. Pop. 
whites 6,580, slaves 3,216, free col'd 45; total, 
9,841. 

Morgan, county, Tenn. Situated n. e. of the 
centre of the state, and contains 640 sq. ms. 
Drained by Emery r. and its branches, which 
flows into the Tennessee r., and by branches of 
the s. fork of Cumberland r. The surface is un- 
even and mountainous, being traversed by the 
Cumberland mountains. Capital, Montgomery. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,321, sheep 
1,585, swine 10,224 ; wheat 1,261 bush, produced, 
Ind.com 53,254, oats 13,561, potatoes 4,sy6 ; 3 
stores, cap. $6,000 ; 2 taitneries, 2 distilleries. 
Cap. in manufac. $3,000. Pop. whites 1,534, 
slaves 84, free col'd 42; total, 1,660. 

Morgan, county, Ky. Situated in the e. part 
of the state, and contains 890 sq. ms. Drained 
by Licking r. and its branches, and by a branch 
of Kentucky r., by which it is well watered. 
Capital, West Liberty. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 6,594, sheep 6,261, swine 13,566; 
wheat 6,586 bush, produced, rye 1,956, Ind. corn 
193,597, oats 34,849, potatoes 9,179, tobacco 1,908 
pounds, sugar 24,304 ; 6 stores, cap. $12,500 ; 4 
tanneries, 3 grist m., 3 saw. Cap. in manufac. 



$3,561. Pop. whiles 4,539, slaves 61, free col'd 
3 ; total, 4,603. 

Morgan, county, O. Situated toward the s. 
E. part of the state, and contains 500 sq. ms. 
Drained by Muskingum r. and its branches, and 
by Duck cr., which afford extensive water power. 
The surface is uneven ; soil, fertile. There are 
extensive salt works on the Muskingum, which 
produce over 400,000 bushels annually. The 
wells from which the brine is obtained are from 
6 to 800 feet deep. Capital, McConnelsville. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 13,134, sheep 
28,440, swine 26,636 : wheat 283,880 bush, pro- 
duced, Ind. corn 447,63'), buckwheat 2.498, oats 
181,447, potatoes 51,201, tobacco 49,900 pounds, 
sugar 62,640 ; 33 stores, cap. $59,957 ; 1 fulling 
m., 12 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 1 brewery, 1 pot- 
tery, 20 grist m., 44 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 printing 
offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. 
$49,595. 119 sch. 4,449 scholars. Population, 
20,852. 

Morgan, county, la. Situated a little s. w. 
of the centre of the state, and contains 453 sq. 
ms. Drained by the w. fork of White r. and its 
branches. White r. is navigable. The surface 
is rolling or hilly ; soil, very fertile. Capital, 
Martinsville. There were in 1840, cattle 10,964, 
sheep 12,871, swine 36,231 ; wheat 49,217 bush, 
produced, rye 1,078, Ind. corn 475,753, oats 
78,757, sugar 36,222 pounds ; 15 stores, cap. 
$54,750 ; 1 woollen fac, 6 tanneries, 5 distille- 
ries, 2 potteries, 5 flouring m., 8 grist m., 16 savy 
m. Cap. in manufac. $39,400. 53 sch. 2,050 
scholars. Pop. 10,741. 

Morgan, county. 111. Situated a little e. of 
the centre of the state, and contains 510 sq. ras. 
Illinois r. runs on its w. border. Drained by 
Indian, Mauvaiseterre, Apple, and Sandy creeks, 
which afford water power. The surface is di- 
vided into timber and prairie lands ; soil, fertile 
and well cultivated. It is destined to be one of 
the richest agricultural counties in the state. 
Capital, Jacksonville. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 19,558, sheep 13,037, swine 33,568 ; wheat 
60,831 bush, produced, rye 3,722, Indian com 
799,210, bariey 8,130, oats 96,227, potatoes 31,111, 
tob.icco 1,200 pounds; 47 stores, cap. $201,950 ; 
5 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 20 grist m., 16 saw m., 
1 paper fac, 2 printing offices, 1 bindery, 1 week- 
ly and 1 periodical newspaper. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $65,738. 1 college, 35 students, 6 acad. 222 
students, 60 sch. 1,752 scholars. Pop. 19,547. 

Morgan, county. Mo. Situated in the central 
part of the state, and contains 792 sq. ms. The 
surface consists of woodland and prairie; soil, 
on the streams, fertile. It contains some miner- 
als. Drained by the s. fork of La Mine r., Mo- 
reau cr., and branches of Osage r. Capital, Ver- 
sailles. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,9.54, 
sheep 3,913, swine 17,487 ; wheat 9,225 bush, 
produced, Ind. corn 163, 120, oats 27,632, potatoes 
7,177 tobacco 17,831 pounds, cotton 951, sugar 
2,135; 7 stores, cap. $24,.500 ; 1 tannery, 1 distil- 
lery, 8 grist m., 4 saw ni. Ca[). in manufac. 
$950. 1 acad. 30 students, 5 sch. 121 scholars. 
Pop. whites 3,891, slaves 512, free col'd 4 ; total, 
4,407. 

Morgan, t., Orieans co., Vt., 59 n. e. Montpe- 
lier, 15 N. N. E. Irasburg. Surface moderately 
uneven ; soil, fertile. Watered by a head branch 
of Clyde r. Seymour's lake, 4 ms. long and 2 
wide, in the central part of the t., discharges its 
waters to the s. through Echo pond, into (."lyde 
r. Chartered in 1780. It has 1 store, cap. 
$3,000 ; 4 sch. 75 scholars. Pop. 422. 

Morgan, t., Greene co.. Pa. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $8,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 distiller- 



MOR 



430 



MOR 



ies, 5 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufactures 
$27,170. 5 sch. 125 scholars. Pop. 1,094. 

Morgan, p-t., Ashtabula co., O., 195 n. e. Co- 
lumbus, 355 W. Watered by Grand r. It has 2 
stores, cap. $1,100 ; 3 tanneries, 1 grist m., 3 saw- 
in. Cap. in manufac. $5,650. 3 sch. 120 schol- 
ars. Pop. 643. 

Morgan, t., Btitlcr co., O. It has 9 sch. 450 
scholars. Pop. 1,726. 

Morgan, t., GalHa co., O. It has 2 stores, cap. 
$200 ; 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $240. 3 sch. 
75 scholars. Pop. 744. 

Morgan, t., Knox co., O. It has 8 sch. 290 
scholars. Pop. 912. 

Morgan, t., Morgan co., O. It contains the v. 
of McConnelsville, the capital of the co. It has 
10 stores, cap. $23,6'J0 ; 2 tanneries, 1 brewery, 
2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers, 1 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $7,685. 5 sch. 475 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,518. 

Morgan, t., Scioto co., O. Situated on the w. 
side of Scioto r. The land is hilly, with fertile 
valleys. The Ohio canal pas.ses through it. It 
has 2 sch. 38 scholars. Pop. 265. 

Morgan, t,, Livingston co., Mo. It has 1 sch. 
17 scholars. Pop. 178. 

Morgan, t., Polk co., Mo. It has 3 schools 60 
scholars. Pop. 870. 

Morgan, C. H., p-v., capital of Morgan co., 
Tenn., 156 e. Nashville, 548 W. Situated on the 
w. side of Emerys r. It has a court house and 
several dwellings. 

Morgan's Creek, p-o., Perry co., Tenn., 93 s. 
W. Na.shville, 783 W. 

Mouganfield, p-v., capital of Union co., Ky., 
221 w. s. w. Frankfort, 748 W., 10 ms. s. of Oliio 
r. It has a conn house and several dwellings. 

MoRGANSBORG, p-v., Fauquier co., Va., lOS n. 
by \v. Richmond, 81 W. 

Morgan's Fork, p-o.. Pike co., O., 74 s. Co- 
lumbus, 409 'W. 

MoRGANTOWN, p-v., Caernarvon t., Berks co., 
Pa., 56 K. Harrisburg, 134 W. It contains a Ger- 
man Presbyterian church, 2 stores, 50 dwellings, 
and about 300 inhabitants. 

MoRGANTOW.N, p-v., Capital of Monongalia co., 
Va., 295 N. w. Richmond, 218 W. Situated on 
the E. bank of Monongahela r., at the head of 
steamboat navigation. It contains a court house, 
jail, 2 churche.s — 1 Presbyterian and 1 Method- 
ist — 1 female academy, 8 stores, 2 flouring m., 1 
fulling m., a printing office, issuing a weekly 
newspaper, 100 dwellings, and about 700 inhabit- 
ants. It is the centre of an extensive manufac- 
turing region. 

MoRGANTOWN, p-v., Burke co., N. C, 197 w. 
Raleigh, 427 W. Situated on the s. side of the 
Catawba r. It has a court house, jail, and sev- 
eral stores and dwellings. 

MoRGANTOWN, p-v., Blouut CO., Tcun., 178 e. 
by s. Nashville, 534 W. 

MoRGANTOWN, p-v., capital of Butler co., Ky., 
143 s. w. by w. Frankfort. Situated on the s. 
side of Green r. It has a court house, and sev- 
eral stores and dwellings. 

MoRGANTOWN, p-v., Morgan co., la., 39 s. In- 
dianapolis, 598 W. Situated on the n. side of 
Big Indian cr. 

Morganvii.le, p-o., Nottoway co., Va., 55 s. 
w. Richmond, 175 W. 

MoRiAH, pt., Essex CO., N. Y., 115 n. Albany, 
486 W. Tlie surface is mountainous on the w., 
where is the Adirondack range, which abounds 
with iron ore. The soil in the valley.s is a fer- 
tile calcareous loam. Lake Champla'in bounds 
it on the e. Drained by Schroon branch of Hud- 
son r. The v., on elevated ground, 3 ms. w. of 



Lake Champlain, contains 1 Congregational and 
1 Baptist church, an academy, 4 stores, 120 
dwellings, and about 800 inhabitants. There are 
in the t. 12 stores, cap. $33,600 ; 4 furnaces, 5 
forges, 1 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 2 grist m., 54 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. .$80,950. 2acad. 160 
students, 15 sch. 597 scliolars. Pop. 2,595. 

Moriches, p-v., Brookliaven t., Suffolk co., N. 
Y., 218 s. s. e. Albany, 298 W. It is a scattered 
settlement, containing a church, 2 mills, and 
about 25 dwellings. 

MoRiNGViLi.E, p-v., Chatham co., N. C, 20 n. 
Raleigh, 294 W. 

MoRLEV, p-o., Canton t., St. Lawrence co., 
N. Y. 

Morning Son, p-o., Shelby co., Tenn., 207 w. 
s. w. Nashville, 892 W. 

Morning Sun, p-v., Israel t., Preble co., O., Ill 
w. by s. Columbu.s, 508 W. 

Morris, county, N. J. Situated toward the 
N. part of the state, and contains 500 square 
miles. Drained by Rockaway and Whippany 
rivers, which flow into the Passaic, and by head 
branches of Raritan river. The surface is hilly 
or mountainous toward the n., but nearly level 
in the valley of the Passaic to the s. ; soil, mostly 
red shale. Iron ore abounds, and is chiefly mag- 
netic. The Morris canal passes through the co. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 18,617, sheep 
19,147, swine 12,719; wheat 27,103 bushels pro- 
duced, rye 72,551, Ind. com 226,248, buckwheat 
89,175, oats 262,3S5, potatoes 219,996; 96 stores, 
cap. $445,200; 5 lumber yards, cap. $21,800; 3 
furnaces, 43 forges, 7 fulling m., 6 woollen fac, 
4 cotton fac. 2,908 sp., 19 tanneries, 50 distilleries, 
1 pottery, 37 grist m., 57 saw m., 4 paper fac, 3 
printing offices, 2 binderies, 2 weekly newspa- 
pers. Cap. in manu''ac. $505,070. 10 acad. 456 
students, 103 sch. 4,313 scholars. Pop. 25,814. 

Morris, t., Morris co., N. J., 28 vfi. New Vork. 
The .surface, in the centre and the n., is hilly ; 
elsewhere, rolling or level. Passaic r. bounds it 
on the vv. and s., by tributaries of which, and by 
Whippany r., it is watered. It has 23 stores, cap. 
$79,400 ; 2 lumber yards, cap. $5,000 ; 3 distil- 
leries, 2 paper fac, 5 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac $137,380. 3 acad. 116 students, 10 sch. 
341 scholars. Pop. 4,013. 

MoRRLS, p-t., Tioga co.. Pa., 133 n. by w. Har- 
risburg, 247 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, gravel 
and clay. It has 2 saw m. Capital in manufac. 
$650. Pop. 120. 

Morris, t., Greene co.. Pa. It has 4 grist m., 
6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,340. 3 sch. 85 
scholars. Pop. 1,162. 

Morris, t., Huntingdon co., Pa. It has 4 
stores, cap. $22,000; 1 commission store, capital 
$3,600 ; 2 furnaces, 1 forge, 3 grist m., 7 saw m. 
Cap. in m.anufac. $5,155. Pop. 1,516. 

Morris, t., Washington co.. Pa. It has 1 tan- 
nery, 5 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufactures 
$2,400. 11 sch. 330 scholars. Pop. 1,683. 

Morris, t., Knox co., O. The 3 upper branch- 
es of Vernon r. unite in this t., forming a tract of 
6,000 acres of fertile dry bottom land. It has 5 
sch. 190 scholars. Pop. 1,072. 

MoRRiSANiA, v., Westchester t., Westchester 
CO., N. Y. Situated on the n. e. side of Harlem 
r. It has 1 church, 1 store, and about 12 or 15 
dwellings. 

Morrison's Bluff, p-o., Johnson co., Ark., 
101 N. w. Little Rock, 1,169 W. 

Morrison's Cross Road.s, p-o., Warren co., 
Tenn., 83 s. e. by E. Nashville, 632 W. 

Morrison's Tan Yard, p-o., Mecklenburg co.. 
N. C, 158 w. s. w. Raleigh, 395 W. 

MoRRisTOWN, p-t., Lamoille co., Vt., 28 N 



MOR 



431 



MOU 



by w. Montpelier, 544 W. The surface is diver- 
sified ; soil, fertile, particularly on Lamoille r., 
wliich affords water power. It contains 3 church- 
es—I Congregational, 1 Methodist, and I Univer- 
salist — and a town house for public meetings. 
Chartered in 17H0 ; first settled in 1700. It has 
4 stores, cap. $10,800; 2 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 
grist m., 9 saw m., 1 oil m. Capital in raanufac. 
$20,050. 12 sch. 423 scholars. Pop. 1,502. 

MoRRisTOw.v, p-t., St. Lawrence co., N. Y., 
199 N. N. w. Albany, 466 W. Situated on the s. 
E. side of St. Lawrence r. The surface is undu- 
lating ; .soil, clay loam. It has Black lake on it 
s. E. border. The v. is on the St. Lawrence r., 
II ms. above Ogdensburg, and contains 2 church- 
es, 3 stores, 2 storehouses, 1 steam grist m., 2 
tanneries, 40 dwellings, and about 225 inhabit- 
ants. There is a good landing place on the St. 
Lawrence. There are in the t. 3 stores, capital 
$10,000 ; I fulling m., I tannery, 6 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $3,850. 15 sch. 472 scholars. Pop. 2,809. 

3I0RRISTOWN, p-v., and capital of Morris co., 
N. J., 53 .\. by E. Trenton, 224 W. It is situated 
on an elevated plain, with steep slopes on 2 sides, 
commanding a picturesque view of the surround- 
ing country. The streets are regularly laid out, 
crossing each other at right angles, with a public 
square in the centre, ornamented with trees. It 
contains a handsome court house, of brick, with 
a jail in the basement, a bank, an academy, 4 
churches — 1 I'resbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, 
and 1 Methodist — 30 stores, 2 paper m., 1 grist 
m., 1 oil m., 1 iron works, 5 wagon fac, and 
about 2,500 inhabitants. The place is supplied 
with pure spring water by an aqueduct, between 

1 and 2mR. long. The Morris and Essex railroad 
has cars which pass 4 times daily between New- 
ark and Morristown, and connect with the rail- 
road from Philadelphia to New York. 

Morristown, p-v., I'nion t., Belmont co., O., 
105 E. Columbus, 28S W. Situated on the na- 
tional road, y w. St. Clairsville. It contains a 
handsome Presbyterian church, of brick, 5 stores, 

2 tanneries, 1 carding machine and fulling m., 50 
dwellings, and about 300 inhabitants. 

Morristown, p-v., Shelby co., la., 26 e. by s. 
Indianapolis, 552 W. Situated on the E. side of 
Blue r. 

Morristown, p-v., capital of Henry co.. 111., 
141 N. N. w. Springfield, 870 W. Situated 4 ms. 
s. of Green r. 

3I0RRISTOWN, p-v., Jefferson co., Tenn., 226 
E. Nashville, 458 W. Situated on the stage road 
from Greenville to Knoxville. 

MoRRisviLLE, p-v., 3Iorristown t., Lamoille 
CO., Vt., 26 N. Montpelier, 542 W. 

MoRRisviLLE, p-v., Eatou t., capital of Madi- 
son CO., N. Y., 102 w. by x. Albany, 359 W. 
Situated on the Cherry Valley turnpike. Incor- 
porated in 1819, and contains a court house, jail, 
clerk's office, 3 churches, an academy. 5 stores, 
1 woollen fac, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 130 dwell- 
ings, and about 700 inhabitants. 

MORRISVILLE, p-b., Bucks CO., Pa., 125 E. Har- 
ri.sburg, 165 VV. Situated on the w. side of Del- 
aware r., opposite to Trenton. The r. here 
affords good water power. It contains 3 stores, 
cap. $9,800 ; 1 saw m., 1 grist m., 1 paper m., 1 
button fac, I sch. 65 scholars. Pop. 405. Here 
is a bridge across the Delaware, suspended on 5 
arches, supported on piers, 1,100 feet long, and 
36 wide. 

MoRRisviLLE, p-v., Fauquier co., Va., 88 N. 
by w. Richmond, 75 W. It contains 1 Baptist 
church, 1 store, and about 50 inhabitants. 

IMoRSE CuEEK, p-o.. McNairy co., Tenn., 158 
s. W.Nashville, 831 W. 



MoRSEviLLE, p-0., Schoharic co., N. Y., 56 w. 
Albany, 379 W. 

MoRTONsviLLE, p-v., Woodford CO., Ky., 19 s. 
E. Frankfort, 511 W. Situated 2 ms. E. of the 
Kentucky r. 

MoRVEN, t., Marion co., O. It has 5 sch. 230 
scholars. Fop. 980. 

MoRVEN, p-v., Anson co., N. C, 141 s. w. 
Raleigh, 422 W. 

MoRVEN, p-0., Shelby co., la., 61 s. e. Indian- 
apolis, 564 W. Situated on the n. side of Flat 
Rock cr. 

Moscow, t., Somerset co., Me., 58 n. Augusta. 
It is bounded w. by Kennebec r., by a branch of 
which it is watered. Incorporated in 1816. It 
has a fertile soil, adapted to gratit. It contains 5 
sch. 255 scholars. Pop. 562. 

Moscow, p-v., Leicester t., Livingston co., N. 
Y., 236 w. Albany, 353 W. Situated on elevated 
ground, 1 m. w. of Genesee flats. It contains 3 
churches, 4 stores, 1 grist m., 50. dwellings, and 
about 400 inhabitants. 

Moscow, p-v., Washington t., Clermont co., 0_, 
129 s. w. Columbus, 490 W. Situated on the n. 
bank of Ohio r. 

Moscow, p-t., Hillsdale co., Mich., 84 w. s. w. 
Detroit, 544 W. It has a fertile soil, adapted to 
grain. It contains 1 store, cap. $6,000 ; 1 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $900. 2 sch. 58 scholars. 
Pop. 758. 

Moscow, p-v., Hickman co., Ky., 309 s. w. by 
w. Frankfort, 835 W. Situated on a branch of 
the Bayou Deshe. 

Moscow, p-v., Fayette co., Tenn., 194 s. w. 
by w. Nashville, 879 W. Situated on the n. side 
of Wolf cr., on the Memphis railroad. 

Moscow, p-v., Muscatine co., Iowa. Situated 
on Red Cedar r. 

Moscow, p-v.. Rush CO., la., 54 s. E. Indian- 
apolis, 552 W. Situated on w. side of Flat 
Rock cr. 

Moscow, p-o., Marion CO., Ala., 87 N. w. Tus- 
caloosa, 858 W. 

Moscow Mills, p-o., Morgan co., O. 

MosELY n.\LL, p-o., Lenoir co., N. C, 66 w. 
Raleigh, 294 W. 

MosauiTO, county, Flor. (See Leigh Read.) 

M0.SSINGF0RD, p-o., Charlotte co., va., 106 s. 
w. Richmond, 193 W. 

Mossy Creek, p-o., Jefferson co., Tenn., 212 
E. Nashville, 472 W. 

MoTiER, p-0., Pendleton co., Ky., 87 n. e. 
Frankfort, 500 W. 

MoTT.s, p-0., Clarke co., Ala., Ill s. Tusca- 
loosa, 923 W. 

3I0TTS Corners, p-v., Caroline t., Tompkins 
CO., N. Y., 168 w. Albany, 298 W. It contains 
1 store, 1 flouring m., 2 saw m., 1 clothier's works, 
1 tannery, 1 plaster m., and 40 or 50 dwellings. 

MoTTsviLLE, p-v., Skeneateles t., Onondaga 
CO., N. Y., 149 w. by n. Albany, 343 W. Situ- 
ated on the outlet of Skeneateles lake, and con- 
tains 1 church, 2 store.s, 1 flouring m., 1 iron foun- 
dry, 1 machine shop, 50 dwellings and about 30O 
inhabitants. 

MoTTSviLLE, p-t., St. Josephs co., Mich., 154 
w. s. w. Detroit, 599 W. The v. is on the St. 
.loseph's r., and contains 2 stores and a few dwell- 
ings. Thwe is in the t. 1 brewery. Cap. in 
manufac. $300. Pop. 465. 

MouLTON, t., Allen co., O. Pop. 263. 

MouLTO.v, p-v., capital of Lawrence co., Ala^ 
103 N. Tuscaloosa, 763 W. Situated on the e. 
side of the Big Nance cr., 20 ms. s. of the Ten- 
nessee r. It has a court house and several 
dwellings. 

MouLTO.NEOROUGii, p-t., Carroll co-, N. H., 46 



MOU 



432 



MOU 



N. Concord, 527 W. Situated on the n. w. shore 
of Winnipiseogee lake. The surface is moun- 
tainous ; soil, in some parts, fertile. It contains 
Squam lake, 10 ms. long, and 6 broad in its 
widest part, with many islands, and much roman- 
tic scenery, lying between this t. and Holder- 
ness. Ossipee and Red mountains contain ele- 
vated summits. At the base of Os.sipee mt. is a 
mineral spring, impregnated with iron and sul- 
phur. In the t. is a spring which furnishes water 
sufficient for a mill stream, and which has, nearly 
a mile from its source, a perpendicular Ihll of 70 
feet. Many aboriginal remains are found. Char- 
tered in 1763. It has 3 stores, cap. S5,.500 ; 3 
grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,300. 1 
acad. 11 students, 18 sch. 714 scholars. Pop. 
1,752. 

Mountain, p-o., Walton co., Ga., 70 n. n. w. 
Milledgeville, 626 W. 

Mountain, t., Hot Spring co., Ark. It has 1 
sch. 15 scholars. Pop. 159. 

Mountain, t., Newton co.. Mo. Pop. 116. 

Mountain, t., Washington co.. Ark. It has 6 
stores, cap. $45,500 ; 2 sch. 32 scholars. Pop 
701. 

Mountain Covk, p-o., Fayette co., Va., 262 
w. Richmond, 299 W. 

Mountain Creek, p-o., Lincoln co., N. C, 169 
w. by s. Raleigh, 406 W. 

Mountain House, p-o., Washington co., Md., 
133 N. w. Annapolis, 101 W. 

Mountain Island, p-o., Lincoln co., N. C, 
155 w. by s. Raleigh, 400 W. 

Mountain Ridge, p-o., Jackson co., O., 74 s. 
s. E. Columbus, 3S4 W. 

Mountain Shoals, p-o., Laurens dist., S. C, 
82 N. w. Columbia, 505 W. 

Mountain Spring, p-o., Talladega co., Ala., 
138 E. Tuscaloosa, 769 W. 

Mountain View, po., Abbeville dist., S. C, 
107 w. Columbia, 539 W. 

Mount Aeriel, p-o., Wasliita parish, La., 318 
N. w. New Orleans, 1,208 W. 

Mount Airy, p-v., Berks co., Pa., 62 e. Har- 
risburg, 155 W. 

Mount Airy, p-o., Pittsylvania co., Va., 145 
s. w. by w. Richmond, 232 W. A sulphur spring 
is found 11 m. N. e. of the v., which is resorted to 
for its valuable mineral properties. 

Mount Airy, p-v., Surry co., N. C, 150 w. N. 
w. Raleigh, 331 W. 

Mount Airy, p-o., Bledsoe co., Tenn., 113 e. 
s. E. Nashville, 602 W. 

Mount Airy, p-o., Gallatin co., HI., 210 e. s. 
E. Springfield, 777 W. 

Mount Airy, p-o., Randolph co., Mo., 80 n. 
by w. Jefferson City, 967 W. 

Mount Auburn, p-o., Dane co.. El., 22 s. E. 
Springfield, 772 W. 

Mount Bethel, p-v., Northampton co., Pa., 
123 E. N. E. Harrisburg, 216 W. 

Mount Bethel, p-o., Newberry dist., S. C, 
50 w. N. w. Columbia, 494 W. 

Mount Blanchard, p-v., Delaware t, Han- 
cock CO., O., 76 N. w. Columbus, 447 W. 

Mount Cambria, p-o., Cambria t., Niagara co., 
N. Y., 283 w. by n. Albany. 

Mount Carmel, p-o., Randolph co., Va., 200 
N. w. by vv. Richmond. 

Mount Carmel, p-o., LTnion t., Clermont co., 
O., 113 s. w. Columbus, 484 W. 

Mount Carmel, p-v., Fleming co., Ky., 96 e. 
by N. Frankfort, 481 W. Situated on n. side of 
Fleming cr. It contains 1 Methodist church, 
and about 200 inhabitants. 

Mount Carmel, p-o., Franklin co., la., 78 e. 
6 £. Indianapolis, 508 W. 



Mount Carmel, p-v., capital of Wabash co., 
m., 166 s. E. Springfield, 714 W. Situated on 
elevated ground, on the w. side of Illinois r. It 
contains a court house and jail, of brick, 1 Ger- 
man Reformed and 1 Methodist Episcopal church, 
10 stores, 3 steam m., 1 ox tread m., 1 iron foun- 
dry, and about 1,200 inhabitants. 

Mount Carmel, p-o.. Cooper co.. Mo., 43 w 
by N. Jefferson City, 984 W. 

Mount Carmel, p-v., Covington co.. Miss., 94 
s. s. E. Jackson, 1,044 W. Situated on the e. side 
of White Sand cr. 

Mount Clemens, p-v., capital of Macomb co., 
Mich., 18 N. E. Detroit, 542 W. Situated on the 
N. bank of Clinton r., and contains a court house, 
jail, 8 stores, 2 steam saw m., a large glass fac, 
and a tannery. A steamboat plies between this 
place and Detroit, and small vessels come here. 

Mount Clinton, p-o., Rockingham co., Va. 

Mount Clio, p-o., Sumter dist., S. C, 76 e. 
Columbia, 4S6 W. 

Mount Comfort, p-o., Cabarrus co., N. C, 
146 w. s. w. Raleigh, 335 W. 

Mount Comfort, p-o., Fayette co., Tenn., 
180 w. s. w. Nashville, 865 W. 

Mount Crawford, p-v., Rockingham co., Va., 
131 N. w. Richmond, 139 W. Situated on North 
r., and contains 1 church, free to all denomina- 
tions, 3 stores, and 30 dwellings. 

Mount Croghan, p-o., Chesterfield dist., S 
C, 113 N. E. Columbia, 444 W. 

Mount Desert, Island, Hancock co., Me., 15 
ms. long and 12 broad. Situated between French- 
man's and Blue Hill bays. It has a number of 
excellent harbors. It contains 2 townsliips, Eden 
and Mount Desert. 

Mount Desert, p-t., Hancock co., Me., 146 
E. Augusta, 68S W. Situated in the s. part of 
Mount Desert island, and consists of a peninsula. 
The soil is fertile. It has excellent harbors, and 
considerable navigation, employed in the coast- 
ing trade and the fisheries. Incorporated in 1789, 
when it contained the whole island. It has 6 
stores, cap. $7,300 ; 2 fulling m., 2 vvoollen fac, 
1 tannery, 2 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$6,000. 22 sch. 827 scholars. Pop. 1,887. 

Mount Eaton, p-v.. Paint t., Wayne co., O., 
104 N. E. Columbus, 332 W. 

Mount Eden, p-o., Spencer co., Ky., 44 w. s 
w. Frankfort, 562 W. Situated on s. side of Big 
Beech cr. 

Mount Eton, po., Darlington dist., S. C, 110 
E. Columbia, 472 W. 

Mount Gallagher, p-v., Laurens dist., S.C., 
89 w. N. w. Columbia, 517 W. 

Mount Gilead, p-t., Loudon co., Va., 144 n. 
Richmond, 45 W. Situated on Kittoctan moun- 
tain, presenting an extended and beautiful pros- 
pect. It has 3 parallel streets half a mile long, 
intersected by 8 other streets at right angles with 
them. It contains 1 Methodist church, 1 store, 
12 or 15 dwellings, and 70 inhabitants. There is 
a large Baptist clmrch in the vicinity. 

Mount Gilead, p-o., Montgomery co., N. C, 
123 w. s. w. Raleigh, 397 W. 

Mount Gilead, p-v., Ma.son co., Ky., 91 e. n. 
E. Frankfort, 476 W. It contains a few dwell- 
ings. 

Mount Gilead, p-v., Gilead t., 3Iarion co., O., 
41 N. Columbus, 400 W. It contains 2 churches, 
5 stores, 40 dwellings, and about 250 inhabitants. 
Within 5 miles of the v. are 8 saw m., 5 grist m., 
and 1 carding machine. 

Mount Hawkins, p-o.. Perry co.. 111., 143 s. 
Springfield, 817 W. 

Mount Hawley, po., Peoria co., III., 80 N. 
Springfield, 794 W. 



MOU 



433 



MOU 



Mount Healthy, p-v., Springfield t., Hamil- 
ton CO., O., 118 3. w. by w. Columbus, 50i W. 

Mount Hebron, p-o., Greene co., Ala., 48 s. 
w. Tuscaloosa, 86G W. 

Mount Henry, p-o., Montgomery co., Tenn., 
30 n. w. Nashville, 714 W. 

Mount Hickory, p-o.. Chambers co., Ala., 
174 E. s. E. Tuscaloosa, 775 W. 

Mount Hill, p-o., Abbeville dist., S. C, 99 
w. Columbia, 529 W. 

Mount Hill, p-o., Morgan co., Ala. 

Mount Holly, p-t., Rutland co., Vt., 79 s. 
Montpelier, 46S W. The surface is elevated and 
mountainous ; soil, fertile, adapted to grazing. 
Watered by Mill r., a branch of Otter creek. In- 
corporated in 1792. It has 2 stores, cap. $1,000; 
2 gri.st m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,400. 11 
sch. 339 scholars. Pop. 1,356. 

Mount Holly, p-v., Northampton t., capital 
of Burlington co., N. J., 18 s. Trenton, 156 W. 
Situated on Kancocus cr., at the head of tidewa- 
ter and of navigation. It has 7 streets regularly 
laid out, and contains a court house of brick, 40 
by 60 feet, 2 stories high, with a cupola ; a stone 
jail, 5 churches — 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, 1 3Ieth- 
odist, and 2 Friends — 1 female academy, a bank, 
8 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 fulling m., 1 wool- 
len lac, 1 plaster m., 1 large paper m., and about 
240 dwellings. A chartered library company 
was established here as early as 1765. At the 
perioil of the revolution it had 200 dwellings. 

Mount Holly, p-o., Randolph co., la., 97 e. 
N. E. Indianapolis, 502 W. 

Mount Holyoke, Hadley, Mass., 3 s. e. 
Northampton. It is 830 feet above the level of 
Connecticut r. ; and without any water pros- 
pect, excepting the beautiful windings of Connec- 
ticut r., it presents one of the finest views in the 
country. 

31ouNT Holyoke, p-o., Henry co.,Tenn., 106 
w. by N. Nashville, 792 W. 

Mount Hope, p-t., Orange co., N. Y., 11 w. 
Goshen, 112 s. s. w. Albany, 276 W. The sur- 
face is hilly ; soil, gravelly loam. Drained by 
Shawangunk cr. The v. contains 2 churches, 3 
stores, 30 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. 
It has 9 stores, cap. $37,800 ; 1 fulling m., 1 wool- 
len fac, 3 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 1 printing of- 
fice, 1 periodical paper, 5 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $39,400. 1 acad. 100 students, 4 sch. 
218 scholars. Pop. 1,565. 

Mount Hope, bay, R. I., is the n. e. part of 
Narraganset bay, and sets up between Tiverton 
and Bristol, a short distance, into Mass. Taunton 
r. flows into the n. e. part of it. 

Mount Hope, hill, Bristol, R. I., is situated on 
the w. shore of Mount Hope bay, and is of a con- 
ical form, nearly 300 feet high. The prospect 
from it is highly beautiful ; and it is celebrated as 
the former residence of King Philip. 

Mount Hope, p-o., Lebanon co.. Pa., 26 e. 
Harrisburg, 130 W. 

Mount Hope, p-o.. Salt Creek t., Holmes co., 
O. The V. of Middletown, in which it is located, 
contains 3 stores, 30 dwellings, and about 175 in- 
habitants. 

Mount Hope, p-v., Oldham co., Ky. 

JMouNT Hope, p-o., Lawrence co., Ala., 115n. 
Tuscaloosa, 780 W. Situated on Town cr. 

Mount Hope, p-o,, La Fayette co.. Mo., 113 
w. N. w. Jefferson City, 1,027 W. 

Mount Horeb, p-o.. Nelson co., Va., 113 vv. 
by N. Richmond, 150 VV. 

"Mount Independence, Orwell t.,V't. ,2s. E.of 

old fort Ticonderoga. It has no great elevation, 

but contained important fortifications, celebrated 

ill the early history of the country. 

55 



Mount Israel, p-o., Albemarle co., Va., 93 
w. N. w. Richmond, 143 W. 

Mount Jackson, p-v., Beaver co., Pa., 239 w. 
by N. Harrisburg, 277 W. Situated on Hickory 
cr., 3 ms. w. of Mahoning river, and contains 3 
stores, and about 60 dwellings. There are mills 
on the cr., above and below tlie v. 

Mount Jackson, p-v., Shenandoah co., Va., 
146 N. w. Richmond, 117 W. It contains 1 Pres- 
byterian church, 1 store, 1 tannery, and 10 dwell- 
ings. 

Mount Jefferson, p-o.. Chambers co., Ala., 
179 E. s. e. Tuscaloosa, 774 W. 

Mount Jefferson, p-o., Carroll co., la., 68 n. 
.\. w. Indianapolis, 632 W. 

Mount Joy, t., Adams co.. Pa., 6 s. Gettys- 
burg. The surface is level ; soil, red shale. 
Rock cr. flows on its w. and Willoways cr. on its 
E. boundary. It has 2 flouring m., 2 grist m., 3 
saw m. Pop. 1,031. 

Mount Joy, p-t., Lancaster co.. Pa., 25 s. E. 
Harrisburg, 123 W. The surface is rolling ; soil, 
calcareous loam, red shale, and gravel. Little 
Chiques cr. bounds it on the e., and Conewago 
cr. on the n. w. It has 2 flouring m., 2 grist m., 
3 saw mills. Cap. in manufac. $17,700. 3 sch. 
93 scholars. Pop. 2,375. 

Mount Joy, p-o.. Union dist., S. C, 83 n. w. 
Columbia, 455 W. 

Mount Juliet, p-o., Kanawha co., Va., 302 
w. by N. Richmond, 339 W. 

Mount Kingston, p-o., Montgomery co., 111., 
63 s. Springfield, 777 W. 

Mount Laurel, p-o., Halifax co., Va., 115 s. 
w. Richmond, 202 W. 

BIouNT Lebanon, p-o., Davidson co., N. C, 
126 w. Raleigh, 384 W. 

Mount Lebanon, p-o., Spartanburg dist., S. 
C, 112 N. w. Columbia, 485 W. 

Mount Lebano.n, p-o., Claiborne par.. La., 
400 N. w. New OHeans, 1,270 W. 

Mount Level, p-o., Dinwiddle co., Va. 

Mount Liberty, p-v.. Liberty t., Knox co., 
O., 41 N. e. Columbus, 386 W. It contains 2 
stores and 12 or 15 dwellings. 

Mount Linneus, p-o., Monongalia co., Va., 
286 N. w. Richmond, 219 W. 

Mount Marcy, N. Y., is situated in Keene t., 
Essex CO., and is the highest peak of the Adiron- 
dack mountains, being 5,467 feet above tidewater 
in Hudson r. There are several other peaks in 
the vicinity, nearly as high, and they are little 
inferior hi elevation to the Wliite mountains, in 
N. H. 

Mount 3Ieigs, p-v., Montgomery co., Ala., 
125 s. E. Tuscaloosa, 826 W. 

Mount Meridian, p-v., Augusta co., Va., 125 
w. N. w. Richmond, 144 VV. It contains 1 3Ieth- 
odist church, 1 store, 1 flouring m.. and 10 dwall- 
ings 

Mount Meridian, p-v., Putnam co., la., 36 
w. by s. Indianapolis, 607 W. Situated on the 
national road. 

Mount Moriah, p-v., Wilcox co., Ala., 122 s. 
Tuscaloosa, 897 W. 

3IouNT IMokne, p-o.. Pike co., Ga , 86 w. Blil- 
ledgeville, 705 W. 

Mount Morris, p-t., Livingston co., N. Y., 10 
s. Genesee, 242 w. Albany, 353 W. The surface 
is varied, having a high table land in the centre ; 
soil, a fertile clay loam. Drained by Genesee r. 
The V. is half a mile s. e. of Genesee r., and con- 
Uiins 4 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 
Baptist, 1 Methodist — 20 stores, 1 furnace, 1 pot- 
tery. 2 flouring m., and 2 saw m. The water 
power is derived from a dam acro.'is the Genesef 
r., and a raceway over half a mile long. There 



MOU 



434 



MOU 



are in the t., 21 stores, cap. $76,600 ; 1 furnace, 
2 iullingm., 1 tannery, 1 pottery, 1 printing office, 

2 weekly newspapers, 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $53,070; 1 acad. 60 students, 12sch. 
430 scholars. Pop. 4,576. 

Mount Morris, p-v., Whately t., Greene co., 
Pa., 228 vv. by s. Harrisburg, 227 W. Situated 
on the s. side of Dunkard's cr., on the s. bound- 
ary of the state. It is a small v. 

Mount Morris, Ogle co., 111., 177 n. Spring- 
field, 837 W. 

Mount Mourne, p-o., Iredell co., N. C, 146 
w. Raleigh, 383 W. 

Mount Niles, p-o., St. Clair co., Ala., 90 n. 
E. Tuscaloosa, 727 W. 

Mount Olympus, p-o., Madison co., Miss., 17 
N. Jackson, 1,027 W. 

Mount Pinson, p-o., .TefTerson co., Ala., 68 n. 
E. Tuscaloosa, 766 W. 

Mount Pinson, p-o., Madison co., Tenn., 146 
w. s. w. Nashville, 831 W. 

Mount Pisgah, p-o., Iredell co., N. C, 168 w. 
Raleigh, 379 W. 

Mount Pleasant, t., Westchester co., N. Y., 
6 N. White Plains, 125 s. Albany. The surface 
is chiefly hilly ; soil, fertile, and well cultivated. 
Marble, of a good quality, is found here. It con- 
tains the V. of Sing Sing, which see. There are 
in the t. 4 acad., 195 students. Pop. 7,367. 

Mount Pleasant, p-v., Alexanciria t., Hunter- 
don CO., N. J., 3S N. by w. Trenton, 195 W. Sit- 
uated on Hakehokake cr., and contains a church, 
a store, a grist m., and 10 or 12 dwellings. 

Mount Pleasant, b., Tioga co.. Pa. It has 2 
tanneries, 1 flouring m. Cap. in manufactures 
$8,240. 2 sell. 117 scholars. Pop. 554. 

Mount Pleasant, t.. Adams co.. Pa., 17 e. 
Gettysburg. The surface is level ; soil, red 
shale. A branch of Conewago cr. flows on its e. 
boundary. Watered by Plum run, and White 
run, tributaries of Rock cr., and Swift and Bush 
runs, which flow into Conewago cr. It has 3 
stores, cap. $7,000 ; 1 distillery, 1 pottery, 3 flour- 
ing m., 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$15,800. 9 seh. 360 scholars. Pop. 1,588. 

Mount Pleasant, p-t., Westmoreland co.. Pa., 
170 w. Harrisburg, 196 W. The surface is gently 
uneven ; soil, loam and gravel. Drained by Big 
Sewickly and Jacob's creeks. The v. contains 
1 Baptist and 1 Methodist church, 2 tanneries, 1 
flouring m., 2 sch. 117 scholars. Pop. 554. In- 
corporated in 1828. The t. has 10 stores, cap. 
$39,500; 4 tanneries, 13 distilleries, 1 flouring m. 
Cap. in manufac. $6,680. 5 sch. 120 scholars. 
Pop. 2,123. 

Mount Pleasant, t., Columbia co., Pa. It 
has 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,375. 

3 sch. Pop. 609. 

Mount Pleasant, t., Wayne co.. Pa. Drained 
by the head branches of Lackawaxen, Dyberry, 
and Great Equinunk creeks. It has 11 sch. 190 
scholars. Pop. 1,359. 

Mount Pleasant, t., Washington co.. Pa. It 
has 4 stores, cap. $7,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 flouring 
m., 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,HO0. 
1 acad. 11 students, 9 sch. 300 scholars. Pop. 
1,203. 

Mount Pleasant, p-v., Frederick co., Md., 81 
N w. Annapolis, 49 W. 

Mount Pleasant, p-v., Spottsylvania co., Va., 
64 N. Richmond, 73 W. 

Mount Pleasant, p-o., Newton co., Ga., 64 n. 
w. Milledgeville, 646 W. 

Mount Pleasant, p-o., 3Ionroe co., Ala., 156 
8. Tuscaloosa, 948 W. Situated on a small stream 
J ms. e. of the Alabama r. 

Mount Pleasant, p-t., Jefferson co., O., 131 



e. by n. Columbus, 277 W. The v. contains 3 
churches — 1 Associate Reformed, 1 Metliodist, 
and 1 Friends, all of brick — a bank, a market 
house, several stores, a printing office, 120 dwell- 
ings, and about 700 inhabitants. A large num- 
ber of mills and manufactories exist in the vicini- 
ty, mostly on Short creek. The t. has 10 stores, 
cap. $22,600 ; 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 1 bind- 
ery, 3 flouring m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$45,000. 1 acad. 140 students, 3 sch. 250 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,676. 

Mount Pleasant, p-v., Oakland co., Mich., 
41 N. w. Detroit, 565 W. 

Mount Pleasant, v., Cabarrus co., N. C. It 
contains about 60 inhabitants. 

Mount Pleasant, p-v., Maury co., Tenn., 53 
s. s. w. Nashville, 730 W. 

Mount Pleasant, p-v., capital of Harlan co., 
Ky., 165 s. e. Frankfort, 473 W. Situated on the 
N. side of the Clover fork of Cumberland r., near 
its junction with Martin's fork. It contains a 
court house, jail, and clerk's office, and a few 
dwellings. 

Mount Pleasant, p-v., capital of Martin co., 
la., 106 s. s. w. Indianapolis, 653 W. Sitoated 
on the w. side of E. fork of White r. It has a 
court house, jail, several stores, and about 30 
dwellings. 

Mount Pleasant, p-o.. Union co., 111., 209 s. 
Springfield, 819 W. 

Mount Pleasant, p-o., Willunson co.. Miss., 
122 s. s. w. Jackson, 1,122 W. 

Mount Pleasant, t.. Van Buren co., Mo. It 
has 3 sch. 70 scholars. Pop. 694. 

Mount Ple.^ant, p-t., Barrj"- co.. Mo., 212 s. 
w. Jefferson City, 1,123 W. It has 1 school 18 
scholars. Pop. 519. 

Mount Pleasant, p-v., capital of Henry co., 
Iowa. Situated on the n. side of Big cr. It con- 
taii>s a court house, of brick, in the centre of a 
public square, 100 dwellings, and about 400 in- 
habitants. It is on a high prairie roll, and its 
situation is healthful and pleasant. It was laid 
out in 1836. 

Mount Pleasant, p-o., Racine co.. Wis., 106 
E. s. E. Madison, 786 W. Situated about 8 miles 
w. of Lake Michigan. 

Mount Pleasant Mills, p-o.. Perry t., Union 
CO., Pa., 61 N. Harrisburg, 164 W. 

Mount Pocono, p-o., Monroe co.. Pa., 124 n. 
E. by E. Harrisburg, 220 W. 

Mount Prospect, p-o., Obion co., Tenn., 140 
w. by N. Nashville, 826 W. 

Mount Prospect, p-o., Crawford co., la., 106 
s. by w. Indianapolis, 637 W. 

Mount Pulaski, p-o., Sangamon co., 111., 27 
E. Springfield, 787 W. 

Mount Republic, p-v., Canaan t., Wayne co., 
Pa., 171 N. E. Harrisburg, 265 W. 

Mount Reserve, p-o., Bedford co., Tenn., 68 
s. Nashville, 672 W. 

Mount Rock, p-o., Cumberland co., Pa., 22 s. 
w. Harrisburg, 1 10 W. 

Mount SEfc;N, p-o., Mecklenburg co., N. C, 
166 w. s. w. Raleigh, 405 W. 

Mount Sidney, p-v., Augusta co., Va., 127 w. 
N. w. Richmond, 145 W. It contains 1 church, 
free to all denominations, 1 academy, 3 stores, 
35 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. 

Mount Sinai, p-o., Suffolk co., N. Y., 205 s. 
s. E. Albany, 285 W. 

Mount Seward, mts., N. Y., is the name 
given to a lofty group of the Adirondack moun- 
tains, in the s. e. part of Franklin co., elevated 
4,000 feet above the ocean. 

Mount Solon, p-o., Augusta co., Va., 139 w. 
N. w. Richmond, 146 W. 



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MOU 



Mount Sterling, p-v., Pleasant t., Madison 
CO., O., 3-2 w. Columbus, 421 W. 

Mount Sterling, v., Muskingum co., O. 
Pop. 177. 

Mount Sterling, p-v., and capital of Mont- 
gomery CO., Ky., 59 E. Frankfort, 514 W. Situ- 
ated on a small branch of the south fork of Lick- 
ing r., and contains a court house, jail, 10 stores, 
and 585 inhabitants. 

Mount Sterling, p-v., capital of Brown co 
111., 77 w. by N. Springfield, 854 W. Situated on 
a small branch of Crooked creek, and contains a 
court house, and several stores and dwellings. 

Mount Sterling, t., Pettis co., Mo. Pop. 
1,246. 

Mount Sterling, p-v., Washington co., Ala., 
109 s. s. w. Tuscaloosa, 927 W. Situated on the 
N. side of Shuckeba cr. 

Mount T.\eor, t., Rutland co., Vt., 36 n. e 
Bennington. It is a mountainous t. in the Green 
mountain range, but has some soil adapted to 
grazing. Otter creek r. rises here. It has 5 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $1,450. 3 sch. 59 scholars 
Pop. 227. 

Mount Tabor, p-v.. Union disL, S. C, 76 n. 
w. Columbia, 452 W. 

Mount T.^bor, p-v., Monroe co., la., 45 s. s 
w. Indianapolis, 616 W. Situated on the n. side 
of Bean Blossom creek. It has 2 flouring m. and 
several neat dwellings. 

Mount Tirzah, po.. Person co., N. C, 44 n. 
N. w. Raleigh, 260 W. 

Mount Tom, Mass., a little w. of Connecti- 
cut r., near Northampton. It belongs to a range 
which extends into Connecticut, and terminates 
near New Haven. 

Mount Union, p-o., Huntingdon co., Pa. 

Mount Union, p-v.. Stark co., O., 138 n. e. 
Columbus, 304 W. 

Mount Upton, p-v., Guilford t., Chenango co., 
N. Y., 99 w. Albany, 331 W. Situated on the 
w. side of Unadilla r., and contains 1 Episcopal 
church, 3 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 30 dwell- 
ings, and about 225 inhabitants. 

Mount Verno.n, p-t., Kennebec co.. Me., 15 
N. w. Augusta, 609 W. There are several large 
and pleasant ponds in the t. The soil is very 
fertile. Incorporated in 1792. It has 6 stores, 
cap. $8,250 ; 2 fulling m., 2 grist m., 4 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $6,795. 608 scholars in schools. 
Pop. 1,475. 

Mount Vernon, p-t., Hillsboro' co., N. H., 32 
s. s. w. Concord, 366 W. Drained by a branch 
of Souhegan r. The surface is elevated. Or- 
ganized from Amherst in 1803. It has one store, 
cap. $3,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $16,285. 4 sch. 210 scholars. Pop.720. 

Mount Vernon, p-o., Providence co., R. I., 
17 w. Providence, 383 W. 

Mount Vernon, p-v., Chester co., Pa., 72 
K. s. e. Harrisburg, 101 W. 

Mount Vernon, Va., the former residence of 
Gen. Washington, on the w. bank of the Potomac, 
6 ms. below Alexandria. It contains the mansion 
and the tomb of the Father of his country ; and 
many a citizen ond traveller has made a pilgrim- 
age to this hallowed spot. 

Mount Vernon, p-o.. Rowan co., N. C, 132 
w. Raleigh, 366 W. 

Mount Vernon, p-v., capital of Montgomery 
CO., Ga., 112 s. e. by s. Milledgeville, 723 W. It 
contains a court house, jail, a store, and a few 
dwellings. 

Mount Vernon, p-v., Mobile co., Ala., 184 s. 
by w. Tuscaloosa, 996 W. Situated 3 ms. w. of 
the Mobile r. It contains an arsenal, and several 
neat dwellings. 



Mount Vernon, p-v., capital of St. Francis 
CO., Ark. Situated 3 ms. west of St. Francis v., 
and contains a court house, and a few dwellings. 

Mount Vernon, p o., Monroe co., Tenn., 170 
E. s. E. Nashville, 547 W. 

Mount Vernon, pv., capital of Rock Castle 
CO., Ky., 75 s. s. e. Frankfort, 563 W. It con- 
tains a court house and several stores and dwell- 
ings. 

Mou.nt Vernon, p-v., and capital of Knox co., 
O., 51 N. E. Columbus, 376 W. Situated on Ver- 
non r., or Owl cr. It contains a fine court house, 
jail, 4 churches — 2 Presbyterian, (1 old and 1 
new school,) 1 Episcopal, a fine Gothic structure, 
and 1 Protestant Methodist — 20 stores, 3 flouring 
m., 2 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 prmting offices, 250 dwell- 
ings, and 2,362 inhabitants. 

Mount Vernon, p-v., Macomb co., Mich., 32 
N. Detroit, 554 W. 

Mount Vernon, p-v., capital of Posey co., la., 
188 s. w. by .s. Indianapolis, 749 W. It is situated 
on a high bank, on a n. bend in the Ohio r., and 
commands a view of the r. for 16 ms. It contains 
a court house, jail, 15 or 20 stores, a steam flour- 
ing and saw m., and about 900 inhabitants. 

Mount Vernon, p-v., capital of JeflTerson co., 
111., 129 s. s. E. Springfield, 794 W. It contains 
a court house, jail, 3 churches — 1 Episcopal, 1 
Baptist, and 1 Methodist — 9 stores, and about 
200 inhabitants. 

Mount Vernon, p-v., Dade co.. Mo. 

Mount Vernon Village, p-v.. Mount Vernon 
t., Kennebec co.. Me., 17 n. w. Augusta, 612 W. 

MouNTViLLE, p-v., Loudon CO., Va., 133 n. 
Richmond, 50 W. It contains one store, and 
about 80 inhabitants. 

MouNTViLLE, p-v., Laurens dist., S. C, 74 N. 
w. Columbia, 512 W. 

MouNTviLLE, p-v., Troup CO., Ga., 112 w. Mil- 
ledgeville, 731 W. 

Mount Vision, p-v., Laurens t., Otsego co., N. 
Y., 79 w. Albany, 362 W. It contains 1 grist m., 
1 saw m., 1 woollen fac, 1 Methodist church, and 
20 dwellings. 

Mount Vista, p-o., Henry co., Tenn., 102 w. 
by N. Nashville, 780 W. 

Mount Washington, t., Berkshire co., Mass. 
Situated in the s. w. corner of the state. The 
surface is elevated and mountainous, being on 
the Taghkanic range, the principal summit of 
which is in this t., and is 3,000 feet above the 
level of the sea. Some of the soil is adapted to 
grazing. A branch of Ancram cr. rises here. 
Incorporated in 1779. It has 1 fulling m., 1 forge, 
1 grist m., 3 saw m. 3 sch. 140 scholars. Pop. 
438. 

Mount AVashington, p-o., Urbanna t., Steu- 
ben CO., N. Y., 212 w. by s. Albany, 312 W. 

MountWashi.ngton, p-v., Washington co.,Ga., 
33 E. s. E. Milledgeville, 636 W. 

Mount Washington, p-v., Bullitt co., Ky., 59 
w. s. w. Frankfort, 601 W. Situated 2 ms. n. e. 
of Salt r., on tlie turnpike from Louisville to 
Bardstown, 18 ms. i'roin each, and contains 1 
Baptist and 1 Methodist church, and about 300 
inhabitants. 

3IouNT Washington, p-o., Copiah co., Miss., 
43 s. s. w. Jackson, 1,058 W. Situated on a 
branch of Bayou Pierre r. 

Mount Willing, p-o.. Orange co., N. C, 53 
N. w. Raleigh. 287 W. 

Mount Willing, p-v., Edgefield dist., S. C, 
41 w. Columbia, 527 W. Situated on a branch 
of Little Saluda r. 

Mount Willing, p^., Ix)wndes co., Ala., 120 
s. s. E. Tuscaloosa, 869 W. Situated on Ce- 
dar cr. 



MUH 



436 



MUN 



Mount Yonaji, p-o., Habersham co., Ga., 154 
N. Milledgeville, 620 W. 

Mount Zion, p-o., Lebanon co., Pa., 30 e. 
Harrisburg, 14U W. 

Mount Zion, p-o., Campbell co., Va., 118 w. 
by s. Richmond, 208 W. 

Mount Zion, p-o., Spartanburg dist., S. C, 106 
N. w. Columbia, 48'J W. 

Mount Zion, p-v., Hancock co., Ga., 30 n. e. 
Milledgeville, 654 W. It contains 3 churches — 
1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist — an 
academy, and 18 or 20 dwellings. 

Mount Zion, p-o., DeKalb co., Ala., 126 n. e. 
Tuscaloo.sa, 691 W. 

Mount Zion, p-o.. Union co., Ky., 225 w. by 
s. Frankfort, 752 W. 

Mount Zion, p-o., Marion co.. 111., 117 s. s. e. 
Springfield, 769 W. 

MouREYTOvvN, p-v., White Oak t.. Highland 
CO., O., 87 s. \v. Columbus, 454 W. 

MouTii OF Miller's Creek, p-o., Estill co., 
Ky. 

MouTii OF PosA, p-o., Kanawha co., Va., 329 
w. N. w. Richmond, 366 W. 

MouTii OF Sandy, p-o., Henry cc Tenn., 91 
w. by n. Nashville, 769 W. 

Mouth of Wilson, p-o., Grayson co., Va...291 
w. s. w. Richmond, 356 W. 

Mouth of Yellow Creek, p-o., Jefferson co., 
O., 149 E. by N. Columbus, 275 W. 

MoYAMENSiNG, t., Philadelphia co.. Pa. It has 
127 stores, cap. $83,225 ; 1 cotton fac, 1 brewery. 
Cap. in manufac. $102,339. 2 acad. 745 students, 
14 sch. 2,156 scholars. Pop. 14,573. (See Phila- 
delphia.) 

MucHiNiPPE, p-o., Logan co., O., 84 n. w. Co- 
lumbus, 469 W. 

MucKwoNAGo, p-o., Milwaukee co., Wis., 79 
E. Madison, 806 W. 

Mud Creek, p-o., Bath t., Steuben co., N. ¥., 
221 w. by. s. Albany, 293 W. 

Mud Ckeek, p-o., Henderson co., N. C. 

Mud Creek, p-o., Randolph co.. Ark. 

Muddy Creek, t., Butler co.. Pa. It has 5 
stores, cap. $34,500 ; 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 7 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $7,745. 13 sch. 504 scholars. 
Pop. 1,99S. 

Muddy Creek, p-o., Preston co., Va., 275 n. 
w. Richmond, 197 W. 

Muddy Creek Forks, p-o., York co.. Pa. 

Muddy Fork, p-o., Cleveland co., N. C, 194 
w. bys. Nashville, 439 W. 

Muddy Lane, p-o., MacDonough co., 111., 98 
N. w. Springfield. 

Muddy, r., Ky., rises in Todd and Logan coun- 
ties, and flowing n., forms the boundary between 
Butler and Muhlenburg counties, and enters 
Green r. 

Mud Lick, p-o., Chatham co., N C, 60 w. 
Raleigli, 314 W. 

Muhlenburg, county, Ky. Situated centrally 
in the e. part of the state, and contains 490 sq. 
ms. Green r. flows on its n. e. boundary, by 
branches of which it is watered. Capital, Green- 
ville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 8,866, 
sheep 7,946, swine 32,959 ; wheat 34,960 bush, 
produced, Ind.corn 351,936, oats 37,731, potatoes 
9,396, tobacco 286,747 pounds ; 1 furnace ; 15 
stores, cap. $82,500 ; 5 tanneries, 10 distilleries, 
7 grist m., 4 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. 
$7,530. 4 sch. 98 scholars. Pop. whites 5,755, 
slaves 1,196, free col'd 13; total, 6,964. 

Muhlenburg, p-o., Luzerne co., Pa., 112 n. 
E. Harrisburg, 223 W. 

MuHLENiiURG, t., Pickaway co., O., 12 n. w. 
Circleville. It contains the v. of Darbyville. 
It has 3 stores, cap. $5,000 ; 3 grist m., 2 saw m. 



Cap. in manufac. $1,400. 1 sch. 35 scholars. 
Pop. 653. 

Mulberry, r., Ala., a n. w. and main branch 
of Tuscaloosa or Black Warrior r., which it forms 
by uniting with Locust Fork, on the vv. border 
of Jefferson co. 

Mulberry, p-o., Miami t., Clermont co., O., 
108 s. w. Columbus, 480 W. 

Mulberry, p-o., Wilkes co., N. C, 193 w. by 
n. Raleigli, 3S3 W. 

Mulberry, p-o., Jackson co., Ga., 164 n. by 
w. Milledgeville, 645 W. 

Mulberry, t., Franklin co., Ark. It has 2 
stores, cap. $13,000 ; 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 1 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $4,400. 2 sch. 55 scho- 
lars. Pop. 614. 

Mulberry, t., Johnson co., Ark. It has 1 
powder m., 1 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $700. 
Pop. 242. 

Mulberry, p-o., Lincoln co., Tenn., 86 s. 
Nashville, 709 W. 

Mulberry Creek, p-o., Autauga co., Ala., 
101 s. E. Tuscaloosa, 862 \V. 

Mulberry Gap, p-o., Claiborne co., Tenn., 
242 E. by N. Nashville. 

Mulberry Grove, p-o., Harris co., Ga., 139 
w. by s. Milledgeville, 778 W. 

Mulberry Grove, p-o., Hopkins co., Ky., 206 
w. s. w. Frankfort, 743 W. 

Mulberry Grove, p-o., Bond co., EL, 82 s. 
Springfield, 750 W. 

Mull Grove, p-o., Lincoln co., N. C, 183 w. 
by s. Raleigh, 425 W. 

MuLLico Hill, p-v., Gloucester co., N. J., 45 
s. Trenton, 156 W. Situated on Racoon cr. It 
contains an Episcopal and a Friends church, 2 
stores, and about 70 dwellings. 

MuLLiCA, t., Atlantic co., N. J. It has 10 
stores, cap. $16,900; 1 furnace, 3 grist m., 7 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $19,300. 5 sch. 296 scho- 
lars. Pop. 1,056. 

MuLLiCAS, r., N. J., enters the Atlantic through 
New Inlet, 4 ms. e. of Leeds. It is navigable for 
vessels of 60 tons for 20 ms. It forms the boun- 
dary between BurUngton and Atlantic counties. 

MuLTONA Springs, a watering place, Attala 
CO., Miss., 13 N. Kosciusko. The waters contain 
valuable medicinal properties. It has 1 store, an 
academy, and a few dwellings. 

MuLTiCAULisviLLE, p-o.. Perry co.. Pa., 43 
w. Harrisburg, 131 W. 

Mo.MFORDS Mills, p-o., Wasliington co., R. I., 
46 Providence, 386 W. 

MuNcv, p-b., Muncy Creek t., Lycoming co., 
Pa., 85 N. Harrisburg, 195 W. Situated a mile 
E. of the Susquehanna r., and 1 m. s. of Muacy 
cr. It contains 4 churches — 1 Pres., 1 Bap., 1 
Episcopal, 1 Methodist ; 9 stores, cap. $45,500 ; 
8 lumber yards, 1 furnace, 1 tannery, 2 distille- 
ries, 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. 
in manufac. $17,393. 2 sch. 80 scholars. Pop. 
662. 

Muncy, t., Lycoming co.. Pa., 13 n. e. Williams- 
port. The surface is mountainous ; soil, various. 
Muncy cr. runs on its e., and Loyalsock cr. on 
its vv. border. It has 1 store, cap. $4,000 ; 2 tan- 
neries, 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
,$7,600. 6 sch. 360 scholars. Pop. 912. 

Muncy Creek, t., Lycoming co.. Pa., 13 s. e. 
Williamsport. The surface is hilly ; soil, clay. 
Drained by Big and Litile Muncy creeks, which 
flow into the vv. branch of Susquehanna r. It 
has 2 stores, cap. $8,000 ; 1 lumber yard, cap. 
$1,000; 2 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 3 
grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manuiac. $2i),300. 7 
sch. 210 scholars. Pop. 1,166. 

MuNCYTOWN, p-v., capital of Delaware co., 



MUR 



437 



MUS 



la., 53 N. E. Indianapolis, 529 W. Situated on 
tlie s. bank of Wliite r., on an elevation of 3U 
feet above the r. It is laid out in an oblong, 4 
principal streets being 60 feet wide, the others 45, 
crossing each other at right angles. It contains 
3 stores, 1 saw m., with a good water power, and 
about 400 inhabitants. 

MuNDV, t., Genesee co., Mich. Pop. 440. 
MuNFORDSviLLE, p-v.. Capital of Hart co., Ky., 
Ills. w. Frankfort, 635 W. Situated on the n. 
bank of Green r. It contains a court house, jail, 
several stores, and 274 inhabitants. 

Mungkr's Mili^ p-o.. Shannon co., Mo., 129 s. 
s. E. Jefferson City, 903 W. 

Mu.N'soN, p-t., Geauga co., O., 166 n. e. Colum- 
bus, 3 to W. It has 5 grist m., 7 saw m., 7 sch. 
301 scholars. Pop. 1,263. 

Monster, p-v., Alleghany t., Cambria co., Pa., 
133 w. by N. Harrisburg, 177 VV. It contains 2 
stores, 25 dwellings, and about 150 inhabitants. 

Murchison's Mills, p-o., Cumberland co., 
N.C., 74 s. Raleigh, 362 W. 

Murder Kill, hundred, Kent co., Del. It 
has 21 stores, cap. $S7,750 ; 1 tannery, 8 grist m., 
5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $14,850. 13 sch. 
899 scholars. Pop. 4,763. 

Murdocksville, p-v., Washington co., Pa., 
230 w. Harrisburg, 255 W. 

Murfreesborough, p-v., Hertford co., N. C, 
142 E. N. e. Raleigh, 214 W. Situated on s. side 
of Chowan r. It contains a Presbyterian church, 
and an academy. 

Murfreeseorough, p-v., capital of Ruther- 
ford CO., Tenn., 34 s. E. Nashville, 665 W. Situ- 
ated on a branch of Stone cr., on a commanding 
eminence, and contains a court house, jail, a 
market house, a Presbyterian church, an acade- 
my, a printing office, about 200 dwellings, and 
1,500 inhabitants. It was formerly llie capital 
of the state. The public buildings, and many of 
the dwellings, are neatly built of brick. The 
country around is highly fertile. 

Murphy, p-v., capital of Cherokee co., N. C, 
367 w. by s. Raleigh, 597 W. Situated at the 
junction of Hiawassee and Valley rivers. It 
contains a court house, and other county build- 
ings. 

Murphie's Vallev, p-c, Blount co., Ala., 115 
N. E. Tuscaloosa, 733 W. 

MuRPHEVsviLLE, p-o., Mason co., Ky., 73 e. 
N. E. Frankfort, 469 W. 

Murray, county, Ga. Situated in the n. w. 
part of the state, and contains 650 sq. ms. Drain- 
ed by Ooslanaulau r. and its branches. Surface 
mountainous, soil fertile. Capital, Spring Place. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,538, sheep 1,156, 
swine 12,899; wheat 10,568 bush, produced, Ind. 
corn 174,790, oats 10,654, potatoes 5,450, tobacco 
1,187 pounds, cotton 9,875 ; 9 stores, cap. §12,000 ; 
3 tanneries, 5 distilleries, 8 grist m., 8 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $19,000. 18 sch. 318 scholars. 
Pop. whites 3,896, slaves 798, free col'd 1 ; total, 
4,695. 

iMuRRAY, p-t., Orleans co., N. Y., 243 w. by n. 
Albany, 392 W. The surface is chiefly level ; 
soil, fertile. Drained by Sandy cr., which flows 
N. E. into Lake Ontario. It has 12 stores, cap. 
$33,300 ; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 furnace, 
3 grist m., 8 .saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $20,750. 
2 acad. 70 students, 16 sch. 828 scholars. Pop. 
2,675. 

Murray, p-v.. Wells co., la., Ill n. e. In- 
dianapolis, 553 W. 

Murray's Mills, p-v., Dearborn co., la., 99 s. 
E. Indianapolis, 531 W. 

Murraysville, p-v., Franldin t., Westmore- 
land CO., Pa., 181 w. Harrisburg, 207 W. It con- 



tains 1 Associate Reformed church, 2 stores, 1 
grist m., and 1 woollen fac. 

Murraysville, p-v.. Hall co., Ga., 130 n. n. 
w. Milledgeville, 633 W. 

Murraysville, p-o., ('arlisle t., Lorain co., O., 
114 N. N. e. Columbus, 377 W. 

Murrill's Shop, p-o., Nelson co., Va., 97 w. 
by N. Richmond, 152 VV. 

JIuRRiNsviLLE, po., Butler co., Pa., 210 w. 
by N. Harrisburg, 265 W. 

Muscatine, county, Iowa. Situated near the 
centre of the ter., having the Mississippi r. on its 
s. E. border, and contains 440 sq. ms. Watered 
by Red Cedar r. and its branches, and Pine cr., 
wliich affords water power, and a good harbor 
for steamboats at its mouth. The soil is fertile, 
particularly on the Mississippi and Wapsino- 
nock cr., a branch of Cedar r. Muscatine Slue 
forms a large and fertile alluvial island, on the 
borders of the Mississippi r. Capital, Blooming- 
ton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 1,547, sheep 
422, swine 4,820 ; wheat 5,693 bush, produced, 
Ind. corn 44,345, oats 8,860, potatoes 8,647; 15 
stores, cap. $4,285 ; 1 pottery, 3 grist m., 4 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $5,300. 4 sch. 68 scholars. 
Pop. 1,942. 

Muscatine, p-v., Muscatine co., Iowa. Situ- 
ated on the w. side of Muscatine Slue. 

Muscogee, county, Ga. Situated in the w. 
part of the state, and contains 410 sq. ms. Drain- 
ed by Upotoi cr. and its branches, tributaries of 
Chattahoochee r., which runs on its w. border. 
Capital, Columbus. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 9,946, sheep 1,807, swine 19,828; wheat 
13,336 bush, produced, Ind. corn 251,420, oats 
6,605, potatoes 7,931, cotton 1,186,990 pounds; 
G commission houses, $80,000; 106 stores, cap. 
$473,000; 1 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 1,600 sp., 
18 grist m., 18 saw m., 3 printing offices, 1 bind- 
ery, 3 weekly and 1 periodical newspapers. Cap. 
in manufac. $182,400. 3 acad. 60 students, 12 
sch. 304 scholars. Pop. whites 6,939, slaves 
4,701, free col'd 59; total, 11,699. 

Muscle Ridge Island, t., Lincoln co., Me. 
It has 1 sch. 27 scholars. Pop. 51. 

Muse's Botto.m, p-o., Jackson co., Va., 361 n. 
N. VV. Richmond, 329 W. 

Mush Creek, po., Greenville dist., S. C, 133 
N. w. Columbia, 513 W. 

MusKEGO, t., 3Iilwaukee co.. Wis. Pop. 130. 

Muskegat, island, Mass., a small island be- 
tween Nantucket and Martha's Vineyard, in the 
form of a horse-shoe. 

Muskingu.m, r., O., one of the largest rivers 
which runs wholly in the state, is formed by 2 
main branches, Tuscarawas and White Woman's 
rivers, which unite at Coshocton. The Tuscara- 
was rises in Medina co., near tiie Cuyahoga r., 
and a portage between them formerly gave name 
to Portage t. and co. The Muskingum is naviga- 
ble for large batteaux, 100 ms., to Coshocton. It 
is obstructed by falls at Zanesville, where is a 
canal, with a dam and locks, affording a great 
water power. There is a slack water naviga- 
tion from Zanesville to Dresden, where a side 
cut 2i ms. connects the 3Iuskingum r. with the 
Ohio canal. The r. enters the Ohio at Marietta, 
by a mouth 225 yards wide. 

Muskingum, county, O. Situated toward the 
s. E. part of the state, and contains 665 sq. miles. 
Organized in 1804. Drained by Muskingum r. 
and its branches, the principal of which is Licking 
r. It abounds with bituminous coal, and has pipe 
clay and burr-stone, or cellular quartz, suitable 
for millstones. There are about 30 salt works in 
the CO. The brine is obtained by boring into a 
stratum of whitish sandstone, (called salt rock,) 



NAN 



438 



NAN 



at a depth of from 330 to 700 feel. The ancient 
mounds are numerous. Capital, Zane.sville. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 20,934, sheep 
37,173, swine 51,859; wheat 366,929 bush, pro- 
duced, rye 3,599, Indian corn 623,877, buckwheat 
24,973, barley 2,098, oats 196,403, potatoes 1 13,149, 
tobacco 38,529 pounds, sugar 21,824; 50 commis- 
sion houses, capital $143,330; 66 stores, capital 
$120,725, 1 lumber yard, cap. $200; 3 fulling 
ra., 2 woollen fac, 8 tanneries, 9 distilleries, 5 
breweries, 22 potteries, 22 flouring m., 27 grist 
ra., 72 saw m., 1 paper fac, 6 printing offices, 1 
bindery, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $3S8,898 ; 1 college, 40 students, 4 acad. 218 
students, 148 sch. 5,9^5 scholars. Pop. 33,749. 

Muskingum, p-t., Muskingum co., O., 61 e. 
Columbus, 346 W. It has 3 churches and a salt 
fac. 7 sch. 223 scholars. Pop. 1,252. 

MusKRAT Springs, p-o., Bradley co., Tenn. 

Myer's, p-o., Venango co., Pa., 196 w. n. w. 
Harrisburg, 284 W. 



MvsTic, p-v., Stonington t.. New London co., 
Ct., 52 s. E. Hartford, 362 W. It is situated on 
the E. side of Mystic r., and connected by a toll- 
bridge with Portersville, on the opposite side of 
the river. 

MvsTic Bridge, p-v., Groton t.. New London 
CO., Ct., 56 s. E. Hartford, 363 W. Situated on 
the w. side of Mystic r., in a v. called Porters- 
ville, which is connected with Mystic v. on the 
opposite side of the r., by a toll-bridge. The 
united villages are on Mystic r., 2 ms. from its 
mouth, and contain 10 stores, about 150 dwell- 
ings, and a mariners' church, in Portersville, free 
to all denominations. The r. is navigable for 
vessels of 400 tons to the bridge. A number of 
whale ships and coasting vessels are owned here. 
Several vessels are employed along the coast as 
wreckers, and cruise as far as the West Indies. 
About 300 men and boys, in both villages, are 
employed in navigation. Ship building is carried 
on at the head of Mystic r. 



IV. 



Nacoochke, p-o., Habersham co., Ga., 155 n. 
Milledgeville, 611W. 

Nahant, Lynn t., Essex co., Mass., 5 s. e. 
Lynn hotel, 9 s. Salem, 14 n. ^. Boston. It is a 
peninsula in Massachusetts bay, connected with 
the main land by a delightful beach, or narrow 
isthmus of sand, so compact as not to receive the 
imprint of a horse's hoof, or of a carriage wheel, 
a mile and a half in length, just high enough to 
prevent the waves from flowing over it. The 
peninsula consists of 2 parts, called Great Na- 
hant and Little Nahant, connected by Bass neck. 
Little Nahant, the inner portion, contains 42 
acres, 17 of which are in good cultivation. Great 
Nahant, the outer portion, is 2 ms. long, and, in 
some places, half a mile wide, containing 463 
acres. The surface is uneven, rising from 40 to 
100 feet above the level of the sea. The shores 
generally consist of precipitous rocks, rising from 
20 to 60 feet above the tide, with a great depth 
of water below. In some places, however, are 
beautiful beaches. The roar of the ocean against 
the rocks is sometimes tremendous. A spacious 
stone hotel, containing nearly 100 rooms, is erect- 
ed near the e. extremity. There are other board- 
ing houses in the vicinity, and about 20 beautiful 
cottages, the summer residences of gentlemen of 
fortune. Nahant is much frequented for health 
and pleasure. A steamboat plies between this 
place and Boston, and stages run frequently in 
the watering season. 

Nahonta, p-o., and depot of Wayne co., N. 
C, 61 s. E. Raleigh, 271 W. Situated on the 
Roanoke and Wilmington railroad. 

Namasket, r., Mass., unites with Bridgewater 
r. in Taunton. 

Namozine, p-o., Amelia co., Va., 41 s. w. Rich- 
mond, 160 W. 

Nanafalia, p-o., Marengo co., Ala., 100 s. by 
w. Tuscaloosa, 912 W. Situated on the e. side 
of Tombigbee r., 1 mile from the bluff and land- 
ing. 

Nane Warrior, p-o., Winston co., Miss., 104 
N. K. Jackson, 966 W. 

Nanjemoy Bay, a small opening on the e. side 
of the Potomac, at the great bend above Port 
Tobacco. 

Nanjemoy, p-v., Charles co., Md., 88 s. w. 
Annapolis, 43 W. Situated at the head of the 
bay of the same name. It is a place of some 
trade. 

Nankin, p-v., Orange t., Richland co., O., 83 



N. by e. Columbus, 372 W. It contains 2 stores 
and several dwellings. 

Nankin, p-t., Wayne co., Mich., 20 w. Detroit, 
534 W. Watered by branches of Rouge r. It 
has 3 stores, 1 pottery, 2 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $3,100. 9 sch. 405 scholars. Pop. 1,109. 

Nansemond, r., Va., rises in the Dismal swamp, 
and enters, by a wide estuary, into Hampton 
roads. It is navigable over 20 miles, to Suffolk, 
for vessels of 100 tons. 

Nansemo.nd, county, Va. Situated in the s. 
E. part of the state, and contains 444 square ms. 
Drained by branches of Nansemond r. It con- 
tains a part of the Dismal swamp, and from Lake 
Drummond, in this swamp, there is a navigable 
feeder, 5 miles long, to the Dismal Swamp canal. 
Much of the soil is fertile. Capital, Suffolk. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 7,293, sheep 4,340, 
swine 23,287; wheat 5,351 bush, produced, Ind. 
corn 315,672, oats 34,514, potatoes 80,208, cotton 
153,640 pounds; 42 stores, cap. $157,020; 5 lum- 
ber yards, cap. $27,000; 1 cotton fac. 1,040 sp., 1 
1 tannery, 1 distillery, 17 grist m., 6 saw m., 1 oil 
m. Cap. in manufac. $69,620. 4 acad. 154 stu- 
dents, 13 sch. 270 scholars. Pop. whites 4,858, 
slaves 4,530, free col'd 1,407; total, 10,795. 

Nantasket Road, Mass., one of the main en- 
trances into Boston harbor, s. of the light-house. 
It affords good anchorage, with 5 or 6 fathoms of 
water. 

Nanticoke, r., Del. and Md., rises in Sussex 
CO., Del., and flows s. w., and after entering Md., 
receives Marshy Hope r., which rises in Kent co., 
Del. The united stream flows into Fishing bay, 
a branch of Chesapeake bay, by a wide estuary. 

Nanticoke, t., Broome co., N. Y., 14 n. w. 
Binghamton. The surface is undulating ; soil, 
well adapted to grass. Drained by Nanticoke 
cr., which flows into the Susquehanna r. It has 
4 saw m., 6 sch. 153 scholars. Pop. 400. 

Nanticoke^ p-o., Luzerne co.. Pa., 120 n. e. 
Harrisburg, 224 W. 

Nanticoke, hundred, Sussex co., Del. It has 
7 stores, cap. $4,720 ; 1 forge, 5 grist m., 5 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $4,340. 1 sch. 60 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,978. 

Nanticoke Falls, Pa., in the Susquehanna 
r,, 8 ms. below Wilkesbarre, where it pierces a 
mountain in the n. part of Newport t. A dam is 
erected here for feeding the North Branch canal, 
which supplies a vast quantity of surplus water, 
and affords great water power. 



NAP 



439 



NAR 



Nanticoke Springs, p-v., Nanticoke t., 
Broome co., N. Y., 142 w. a. w. Albany, 301 W. 
Here is a sulphur spring, much resorted to. It 
contains a hotel for the accommodation of visit- 
ers, and several dwellings. 

Nantucket, island and county, Mass., 10 e. 
Martha's Vineyard, 30 s. Cape Cod. It is situated 
in the Atlantic ocean, and is 15 ras. long, with 
an average breadih of 4 ms., containing 50 sq. ms. 
Some of the soil is very productive, but most of 
it is sandy and sterile. The land is chiefly held 
in common, and a large number of sheep and 
cows are fed on the common. The inhabitants 
are chiefly employed in navigation, and particu- 
larly in the whale fishery. The s. part of the 
island is a plain, elevated not more than 25 feet 
above the level of the ocean. On the N. part 
the land rises in hills about 40 feet high, but one 
peak is 80 feet high. Nantucket with a few 
small adjoining islands, constitutes Nantucket 
CO. On the s. E. of the island are Nantucket 
shoals, 50 ms. long and 45 wide, where numerous 
vessels have been wrecked. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 523, sheep 7,500, swine, 278 ; 
wheat 91 bush, produced, Ind. corn 521, barley 
374, oats 35 1, potatoes 4,525 ; 33 stores, cap. 
$142,000 : cap. invested in fisheries, $2,826,000 ; 1 
fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 4 rope fac, 3 grist ra., 
2 printing offices, 2 weekly, 1 semi-weekly news- 
papers. Cap. in manufac. $1,131,411. 5acad.630 
students, 2S sch. 2,060 scholars. Pop. 9,012. 

Nantucket, p-v., capital of Nantucket co., 
Mass., 119 s. s. E. Boston, 500 W. Situated on 
the N. side of the island, at the bottom of the bay. 
It has an excellent harbor, which is nearly land- 
locked, by 2 projecting points of beach, about three 
fourths of a mile apart, on one of which, denomi- 
nated Brant Point, is a lighthouse. Nearly 2 
ms. N. of the harbor is a bar, with 9 feet of water. 
About 150 vessels belong to the port, navigated 
by about 2,000 men and boys. The v. is com- 
pactly built, mostly with wood houses, and nar- 
row streets. It contains 9 churches — 1 Congre- 
gational, 1 Unitarian, 2 Friends, 1 Methodist 
Episcopal, 1 Methodist Reformed, 1 Episcopal, 
and 2 African, 1 of them Baptist — 3 banks, 2 in- 
surance companies, an athenaeum, with a library 
of over 2,000 volumes, and a fine museum, and 
the Coffin school, founded by Admiral Sir Isaac 
Coffin of the British navy, in 18.i7, who be- 
queathed to it a building, and a fund of 2,500 
pounds sterling, in consequence of the fact, that 
most of the inhabitants were more or less remotely 
related to him. There is a daily communication 
with New Bedford, by steamboat. Tonnage, 
1840, 31,915. 

Napier, t., Bedford co.. Pa. It has 1 store, 
cap. $3,500; 2 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 
1 powder m., 1 pottery, 1 printing office, 1 week- 
ly paper, 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $12,600. 
4 sch. 133 scholars. Pop. 2,463. 

Napierville, p-v., capital of Du Page co., 
III., 176 N. N. E. Springfield, 745 W. Situated e. 
of the W. Fork of Dupage r., and contains 4 
stores, 1 saw m., 1 grist m., 50 dwellings, and 
about 300 inhabitants. 

Naples, p-t., Cumberland co.. Me., 66 s. w. 
Augusta, 569 W. Incorporated in 1834. Wa- 
tered by Crooked and Saugo rivers, and portions 
of Long and Brandy ponds. A boatable com- 
munication extends from Long pond, Saugo r., 
and Brandy pond to Sebago pond, whence a 
canal extends to Portland. It has 7 sch. 254 
scholars. Pop. 758. 

Naples, p-t., Ontario co., N. Y., 18 s. Canan- 
daigua, 2-10 w. Albany, 325 Albany. The sur- 
face is hilly ; soil, clay loam. Drained by inlets 



of Canandaigua and Honeoye lakes. The v. is 
situated on the inlet of Canandaigua lake, and 
contains 1 Presbyterian, 1 Congregational, and 
1 Methodist church, 7 stores, 1 woollen fac, 3 
flouring m., 3 saw m., 2 clothiers' works, 2 lan- 
neries, 2 distilleries, 1 furnace, 2 cabinet and 
chair fac, 125 dwellings, and about 1,000 inhabit- 
ants. There are in the t. 7 stores, cap. $29,000 ; 

3 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 printing 
office, 1 weekly newspaper, 3 grist m., 16 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $43,720. 14 sch. 665 scholars. 
Pop. 2,345. 

Naples, p-v., Gwinnett co., Ga., 91 n. w. 
Milledgeville, 662 W. 

Naples, p-v., Scott co.. 111., 56 w. Springfield, 
834 W. Situated on Illinois r., 2 ms. above the 
mouth of Mauvaiseterre r. It contains several 
stores, 3 steam mills, and about 100 dwellings. 
It has an extensive trade, and many steamboat 
arrivals and departures. 

Napoleon, p-t., capital of Henry co., O., 154 
N. w. Columbus, 435 W. The v. is situated on 
the N. bank of Maumee r., and contains a court 
house, and several dwellings. There are in the t. 

4 stores, cap. $9,000 ; 1 grist ra., 1 saw m., 2 sch. 
69 scholars. Pop. 615. 

Napoleon, p-t., Jackson co., Mich., 66 w. De- 
troit, 512 W. It has 3 stores, cap. $9,000; 1 
flouring m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $23,000. 
1 acad. 86 students, 2 sch. 131 scholars. Pop. 
1,098. 

Napoleon, p-v., Gallatin co., Ky., 51 n. Frank- 
fort, 528 W. 

Napoleon, pv., Ripley co., la., 53 s. e. In- 
dianapolis, 542 W. It contains 1 store, 1 tan- 
nery, several mechanic shops, and about 100 in- 
habitants. 

Napoleon, p-v., Chicot co.. Ark., 14S s. e. 
Little Rock, 1,037 W. Situated on the w. bank 
of the Mis.sissippi, at the entrance of Arkansas r. 

Napoli, p-t., Cattaraugus co., N. Y., 303 w. by 
s. Albany, 341 W. The surface is elevated and 
rolling ; soil, fertile. Drained by Coldspring cr. 
It has 1 store, cap. $3,000 ; 1 tannery, 2 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $2,300. 7 sch. 316 scholars. 
Pop. 1,145. 

Naponoch, v., Wawarsing t., Ulster co., N. Y. 
Situated on Rondout cr., half a mile w. of the 
Delaware and Hudson canal, and contains 1 
church, 2 stores, 2 tanneries, 1 edge tool fac, 1 
grist m., 70 dwellings, and about 500 inhabitants. 
The falls in the cr. here affiird a great water 
power. 

Narraganset Bay, R. I. This beautiful body 
of water sets up from the Atlantic, between 
Point Judith on the w., and Seaconnet rocks on 
the e., and is 23 ms. long, and from 3 to 12 
broad. It receives Providence and Pawtucket 
rivers in its n. w. part, Taunton r. in its n. e. 
part, and Pawtuxet r. on its w. side. It contains 
a number of beautiful and fertile islands, of 
which the chief are Rhode Island, Canonicut 
and Prudence. It is accessible at all seasons, 
has some fine harbors, and is the best naval sta- 
tion in the United States. 

Narragaugus, v. and bay, Washington CO., 
3Ie. The r. enters the bay in its n. w. part, and 
the bay contains several islands, has a broad 
and open mouth, and has Pleasant bay on the e. 

Narragaugus, p-o., Wasliington co., Me., 124 
E. Augusta, 706 W. 

Narrowsburg, p-o., Lumberland t., Sullivan 
CO., N. Y., 141 s. w. Albany, 283 W. 

Narrow's Mills, p-o.. Union cj., Pa., 85 n. 
Ilarrisburg, 194 W. 

Narrows, New York harbor, lying between 
Long Island on the E., and Staten Island on the 



NAS 



440 



NAT 



W., about 1 mile wide, strongly defended by forts 
on each side. It forms the entrance from the 
lower bay into the harbor. 

Narrows, p-o., Alleghany co., Md. 

Nash, county, N. C. Situated a little n. e. of 
the centre of the state, and contains 640 sq. ms. 
Tar r. runs on its s. border, by branches of which 
it is drained. Capital, Nashville. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 753, sheep 635, swine 2,257 ; 
wheat 833 bush, produced, Ind. corn 32,325, oats 
5,882, potatoes 7,591, cotton 50,728 pounds ; 9 
8ch. 13S scholars. Pop. whites 4,941, slaves 3,697, 
free col'd 409 ; total, 9,047. 

Nashawn, island, Mass. One of the Elizabeth 
islands, on the s. e. side of Buzzard's bay, 9 ms. 
long and 2 broad. 

Nashawenna, island, Mass. One of the 
Elizabeth islands. It is inhabited. 

Nashport, p-v., Licking t., Muskingum co., 
O., 54 Columbus, 351 W. Situated on the Ohio 
and Erie canal. It contains 2 stores, 3 ware- 
houses, 30 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. 

Nash's Stream, N. H., a branch of Upper 
Ammonoosuc r., which it enters from the n. 

Nashua, r., Hillsborough co., N. H., runs 
partly in Mass., and flows into the Merrimac at 
Dunstable, N. H. 

Nashua, p-t., Hillsboro' co., N. H., 12 n. w. 
Lowell, 36 s. by e. Concord, 447 W. It is situa- 
ted on the w. side of Merrimac r. It is level on 
the E., and uneven on the w. The soil is fertile. 
Watered by Nashua r. Tiie v. is situated on 
the N. side of Nashua r., near its entrance into 
the Merrimac, and contains 8 churches, 50 stores, 
and many elegant dwellings. The r. falls 65 
feet in 2 ms., and produces an extensive water 
power, and here are large cotton factories. 
There are in the t. 50 stores, cap. $129,706 ; 5 
cotton fac. 34,348 sp., 1 tannery, 1 pottery, 2 
printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers, 3 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $1,294,500. 1 acad. 214 stu- 
dents, 36 sch. 1,476 scholars. Pop. 6,054. 

Nashville, p-o., Hanover t., Chautauque co., 
N. Y., 310 w. Albany, 358 W. 

Nashville, p-v., Washington t.. Holmes co., 
O., 82 N. e. Columbus, 354 W. It contains 1 
Dutch Reformed and 1 Methodist church, 2 stores, 
25 dwellings, and about 150 inhabitants. 

Nashville, p-v., capital of Nash co., N. Cj, 
44 e. by N. Raleigh, 254 W. Situated on the s. 
side of Peach Tree cr., a branch of Tar r. It 
contains a conrt house and several dwellings. 

Nashville, city, capital of Davidson co., 
Tenn., and of the state, is situated on the s. side 
of Cumberland r., in 36° 9' 33" n. lat., and 86"^ 
49' 3" w. Ion., 110 n. Huntsville, 183 w. Knox- 
ville, 250 s. w. Lexington, Ky., 909 s. w. N. York, 
684 W. Pop. 1830, 5,566; 1840, 6,929. It is 
pleasantly situated, and regularly laid out ; the 
ground rises by a gentle inclination, and furnishes 
many pleasant situations for residences. It has 
a court house, jail, and market house, 11 church- 
es, 2 Baptist, 1 Christian, 1 Cumberland Presby- 
terian, 1 Presbyterian, 4 Methodist, 1 Episcopal, 
1 Roman Catholic, 3 banks, the halls of the Nash- 
ville University, a lunatic asylum, and a state 
penilentiary, 310 feet long, 330 deep and 2 stories 
high, containing 200 cells for convicts. The 
Nashville University was founded in 1806, has 
a president and 5 professors, or other instructors, 
236 alumni, 292 sfo.dents, and 10,000 vols, in its 
libraries. The commencement is on the first 
Wednesday in October. Cumberland r. is here 
navigable for vessels of from 30 to 40 tons, and 
at high water for ships of 4()0 tons. 15 steam 
boats are employed on the river, besides a great 
number of keel-boats and flat-boats. There 



were in 1840, 3 for. commercial and 8 commis- 
sion houses, cap. $235,000 ; 75 retail stores, cap. 
$1,606,400 ; 1 forge, 1 tannery, 1 paper fac, 4 
printing offices, 2 binderies, 1 daily, 5 weekly 
and 3 semi-weekly newspapers. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $151,00,0. 3 acad. 320 students, 2 sch. 123 
scholars. Tonnage, 4,733. 

Nashville, p-v., Lowndes co.. Miss., 155 n. 
E. .lackson, 871 W. Situated on the n. e. side 
of the Tombigbee r. 

Nashville, p-v., capital of Brown co., la., 54 
s. Indianapolis, 599 W. Situated on the n. side 
of Salt cr. It contains a court house and several 
dwellings. 

Nashville, p-v., capital of Washington co., 
111., 118 s. jjy e. Springfield, 793 W. Situated 
on an elevated and beautiful prairie, at the head 
of Little Crooked cr., and contains a court house, 
3 stores, a steam saw m., and about 20 dwellings. 

Nashville, p-v., Boone co.. Mo., 24 n. w. 
JefTerson City, 953 W. Situated on the n. side 
of the Missouri r. 

Nassau, r., Flor., runs e. on the s. border of 
Nassau co., and enters by Nassau inlet into the 
Atlantic. 

Nassau, county, Flor. Situated in the n. e. 
part of the ter., and contains 576 sq. ms. The 
surface is level, and in some parts marshy. 
Amelia Island occupies the whole front of its 
Atlantic coast. St. Mary's r. runs on its n. bor- 
der, and Nassau r. on its s. border, by which, and 
their branches, it is drained. Capital, Nassau C. 
H. There were in 1840, neat cattle 8,686, sheep 
436, swine 5,011, Indian com 17,400 bushels pro- 
duced, potatoes 16,000, rice 31,500 pounds, cotton 
66,425 ; 2 stores, cap. $15,000 ; 1 lumber yard, 
cap. $25,000 ; 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 5 sch. 60 
scholars. Pop. wliiies 954, slaves 908, free cold 
30 ; total, 1,892. 

Nassau, p-t., Rensselaer co., N. Y., 12 s. e. 
Albany, 365 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, 
gravel and warm loam, and productive. Drained 
by Kinderkook cr. and its tributaries. The v. 
is pleasantly situated on a plain, and contains 3 
churches — 2 Presbyterian, and 1 Methodist — an 
academy, 5 stores, 1 grist m., 1 carriage fac, 50 
dwellings, and about 400 iiihaSitants. There 
are in the t. 10 stores, cap. $2,300 ; 3 fulling m., 
6 woollen fac, 2 cotton fac. 3,158 sp., 3 tanneries, 
1 flouring m., 6 grist m., 12 sawm. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $74,780. 15 sch. 879 scholars. Pop. 3,236. 

Natchez, city, and capital of Adams co., Miss., 
100 s. w. Jackson, 1,110 W. It is situated on the 
e. bank of the 3Iississippi r., mostly on a bluff, 
elevated 150 feet above the level of the river, 
155 ms. from New Orleans by land, and 292 by 
the course of the river. A part of the place is 
built on the margin of the r. It is laid out in the 
form of a parallelogram, with streets intersecting 
each other at right angles, but the site is very 
uneven. Some of the houses are elegant, but 
[hey are moi^tly of wood, and only one story 
high. Almost every house has a piazza and a 
balcony, and many of them have gardens finely 
ornamented with shrubbery, and stored with 
fruit. It has a court house, jail, 4 churches — 1 
Presbyterian, 1 FJpiscopal, 1 Methodist, and 1 
Bethel for boatmen — 3 banks, 1 academy, 1 female 
seminary, an hopsital, orphan asylum, masonic 
hall, theatre, 2 steam oil mills for manufacturing 
oil from cotton seed, and 4,800 inhabitants. 
Three miles from the city is a race-course. The 
country around contains excellent cotton lands, 
and this place is a great cotton mart, and has an 
extensive and an increasing trade. 

Natchaug, r., Ct., rises in Union and Wood- 
stock, and enters Shetucket r., of which it is the 



NAT 



441 



NAZ 



largest branch, on the line of Chaplin and Mans- 
field. 

Natchitoches, parish, La. Situated in the 
N. w. part of the state, and contains 4,000 sq. ms. 
A greater portion of the par. consists of sterile 
land, covered with pine and some oak ; but along 
the Red r., which drains it, the soil is ferlile, and 
well adapted to cotton. The Sabine r. runs on 
its s. w. border. Capital, Natcliitoches. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 12,217, sheep 1,938, 
swine 15,849, Indian corn 362,806 bushels pro- 
duced, oats 10,080, potatoes 26,563, tobacco 
114,350 pounds, cotton 10,638,709; 49 stores, 
cap. $494,500; 4 tanneries, 10 grist m., 12 saw 
m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. 
Cap. in manufac. $74,500. 2 acad. 128 students, 
5 sch. 53 scholars. Pop. whites 4,042, slaves 
6,651, free col'd 657 ; total, 14,350. 

N.^TCHiTOCHEs, (pronounced Nakilosh,) p. v., 
capital of Natchitoches par., La., 368 n. w. by w. 
New Orleans, 1,287 W. It is situated on the w. 
side of Red r., 200 ins. above its junction with 
the Mississippi r., at the foot of a bluff, and is 
built chiefly on one street. It contains a court 
house, jail, a Roman Catholic church, and a 
United States military post, 2 printing ofUces, 
issuing 2 weekly newspapers, and about 2,000 
inhabitants. It has considerable trade. It was 
settled by the French in 1717, and half the pre- 
sent inhabitants are of French descent. 

Nathansville, p-v., Conecuh co., Ala., 189 s. 
by w. Tuscaloosa, i'50 VV. 

Natick, p-t., 3Iiddlese.\ co., Mass., 17 w. s. 
w. Boston, 423 W. Incorporated in 1781. Wa- 
tered by Charles r., and contains numerous fish 
ponds. It has 2 villages. The n. village con- 
tiins 1 Congregational and 1 Methodist church, 
and about 3J dwellings. The s. village is the 
oldest, and contains a Unitarian church and 20 
dwellings. The Boston and Worcester railroad 
passes through it. The first Indian church in 
New England was formed here, by the Rev. Mr. 
Elliott, the apostle of the Indians, in 1660, and an 
Indian village was formed, consisting of 2 long 
streets, on the Boston side of the r., and 1 on the 
other, with a foot bridge across the r., and the 
place flourished imder a succession of native 
and English teachers. It is now nearly extinct. 
There are in the t. 3 stores, cap. §5,500; 2 grist 
m., 6sawm. Cap. in manufac. $38,800. 1 acad. 
30 students, 6 schools, 309 scholars. Population 
1,285. 

Natick, p-v., Warwick t., Kent co., R. I., 9 
s. s. E. Providence, 399 W. Situated on the n. 
side of Patuxet river. It has several cotton fac- 
tories. 

Nation Ford, p-o., York dist., S. C, 81 .\. Co- 
lumbia, 426 W. 

Natural Bridge, p-v., Wilna t., Jefferson 
CO., N. Y., 153 N. w. Albany, 452 W. It con- 
tains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist church, 1 
store, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m., and about 20 
dwellings. Here is a natural bridge over Indian 
r., 15 feet wide, and 6 feet above the water, 
which is a curiosity. 

Natural Bridge, p-o., Rockbridge co., Va., 
156 w. Richmond. Situated in the s. w. par, of 
the county, near the Natural Bridge, one of the 
greatest curiosities in the United States. This 
bridge consists of a stupendous arch of limestone 
rock, over a chasm 50 feet wide at its base, and 
9) feet at top. The height of the bridge above 
the stream to the top, is 215 feet ; its average 
width is 80 feet ; its extreme length at top is 93 
feet, and its thickness, from its under to its upper 
side, is 55 feet. It is covered to the depth of 
I'rom 4 to 6 feet with clayey earth, with a natural 
5C 



parapet of rocks on the sides, rendered firm by 
trees and shrubbery. The view ^'rom above, to 
those who dare to take it, is awfully grand ; but 
the best view is obtained from beneath, where 
the astonished spectator has a full view of this 
sublime work of nature. Cedar cr., which flows 
under the bridge, is a small and unimportant 
stream. This bridge is of important use, as it 
constitutes a safe and convenient passage across 
this great chasm, not otherwise possible for some 
miles above or below. 

Natural Ca.nal, N. Y., connects the waters 
of Oswegatchie and Grass rivers. It is 6 miles 
long, and from 10 to 20 rods wide, very straight, 
and navigable, at high water, for boats of 10 tons 
burden. 

Natural Dam, p-o., Crawford co.. Ark., 174 
w. N. w. Little Rock, 1,230 W. 

Naugatuck, r., Ct., rises in Norfolk and Win- 
chester, in the n. w. part of the state, and enters 
the Housatonic, in Derby. 

Naugatuck, p-v., Waterbury t., New Haven 
CO., Ct., 53 s. w. Hartford, 317 W. Situated 
principally on the w. side of Naugatuck r. It con- 
tains 4 churches — 1 Congregational, 1 Episcopal, 

1 Baptist, and 1 Metliodist — 1 sattinet fac, 1 
clock fac, 1 button fac, and several other fac- 
tories, 150 dvi^ellings, and about 1,500 inhabit- 
ants. The amount of articles manufactured ex- 
ceeds $1,000,000 annually. 

Nauvoo, city, Hancock co.. 111., 124 n. w. 
Springfield, 891 W. It is situated on the e. bank 
of the Mississippi r., which is here about 2 miles 
wide, and where is a good steamboat landing. 
In consequence of a curve in the r., it bounds the 
place on the n. vv. and s. It is 181 ms. above the 
mouth of Illinois r., and the city limits include a 
space 4 miles long, and 3 wide, at its greatest 
width, covered with streest of ample width, and 
crossing each other at right angles. Its buildings, 
at the end of three years from the time of its es- 
tablishment, amount to 1,000, consisting chiefly 
of whitewashed log cabiiij,, with ."^ome frame and 
brick houses. Its public buildings are the 
" Nauvoo House," a spacious hotel, fronting on 

2 streets, 120 feet on each, 40 feet wide, and 3 
stories high above the basement. In this build- 
ing Joe Smith, the pretended prophet and leader 
of these " Latter-day Saints," is provided with a 
suite of rooms. The Nauvoo Ttmple, not yet en- 
tirely completed, will be 130 feet long, and 100 
feet wide. In the basement is a baptistry or 
brazen sea, supported on 12 gilded oxen, the 
model of which is derived from the brazen sea 
of Solomon. Their property is held as private ; 
but a large farm, without the city, is occupied and 
cultivated in common. The Nauvoo Lisiion c.on- 
si.stsof from2 to 3,1100 men, armed and di.>ciplined. 
They have a Universili/, which contains a presi- 
dent, a professor of mathematics and English 
literature, a professor of the learned languages, 
and a professor of church history. The popula- 
tion amounts to 7,000, within the city limits, a 
large number of whom are from England, besides 
about 3,000 who belong to the fraternity, in the 
vicinity. The city is divided into 4 wards, and 
has a mayor, and, from each of the wards, 2 
aldermen, 4 common councilmen, and a con- 
stable. 

Navarino, p-o., Onondaga I., Onondaga co., 
N. Y., 148 w. by n Albany. 

Navarino, Wis. (See Green bay.) 

Nave's Store, p-o., Livingston co.. Mo., 175 
iN. w. Jefferson City, 1,069 W. 

Naylor's Store, p-o., St. Charles county. 
Mo. 

Nazareth, p-o., Northampton co., Va. 



NEL 



442 



NES 



Neale's Creek, p-o., Union dist., S. C, 71 n. 
w. Columbia, 437 W. 

Neatsville, p-v., Adair co., Ky., 84 s. by w. 
Frankfort, 593 W. 

IVeaves, t., Parke Co., O. It has 1 sch. 25 
scholars. Pop. 615. 

Nebo, p-o., Hopkins co., Ky., 206 w. s. w. 
Frankfort, 748 W. 

Neddock, cape, York co., 3Ie., is a rocky bar- 
ren bluff on the Atlantic coast, inhabited by a few 
fishermen. 

Needham, p-t., Norfolk co., Mass., 12 s. w. 
Boston, 427 W. Charles r. runs on its s. e. and 
N. border, which has here a fall of 20 feet, and 
another fall affording a good water power. At 
each of the falls is a village, with extensive man- 
ufactures of paper, cotton, shoes, &;c. The t. 
contains 5 churches — 2 Congregational, 2 Metho- 
dist, and 1 Baptist. The Boston and Worcester 
railroad passes through it. Incorporated in 1711. 
It has 4 stores, cap. $1,500; 1 cotton fae. 1,200 
sp., 3 paper fac, 2 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $67,900. 3 acad. 65 students, 6 sch. 
360 scholars. Pop. 1,483. 

Neeley's Creek, p-o., York dist., S. C, 72 n. 
Columbia, 451 W. 

Neersville, p-o., Loudon co., Va., 168 n. 
Richmond, 52 W. 

Neewaygon, county, Mich. Situated in the 
w. part of the southern peninsula, and contains 
864 square miles. Drained by Notipekago and 
White rivers. Maskegon r. passes across the 
southern part of the co. It is unorganized. 

Neffsville, p-v., Manheim t., Lancaster co.. 
Pa . 41 s. E. Harrisburg, 115 W. It contains 15 
or 20 dwellings. 

Negreet. p-o., Natchitoches par., La., 407 n. 
w. by w. New Orleans, 1,326 W. 

Negro Foot, p-o., Hanover co., Va. 

Negwegon, county, Mich. Situated in the n. 
E. part of the slate, and contains 660 sq. miles. 
Drained by Au Sable r. and branches, on tlie s., 
and branches of Thunder Bay river on the n. It 
is unorganized. 

Neil's Creek, p-o., Steuben co., N. Y., 229 
w. by N. Albany, 310 W. 

Neil's Mills, p-o., Nicholas co., Va., 300 w. 
by N. Richmond. 

Nelson, county, Va. Situated in the central 

Eart of the state, and contains 490 sq. ms. It is 
ounded by James r. on the s. e., and by the 
Blue Ridge on the n. w. Drained by Rock- 
fish, Rock, and Tye rivers. Capital, Lovingston. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 8,139, sheep 
7,754, swine 20,341 ; wheat 128,478 bushels pro- 
duced, rye 35,820, Ind. corn 337,253, oats 90,777, 
potatoes 18,814, tobacco 2,228,817 pounds, cotton 
994 ; 19 stores, cap. $258,400 ; 1 furnace, 6 tan- 
neries, 8 distilleries, 5 flouring m., 22 grist m., 13 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $50,050. 1 acad. 70 
students, 13 sch. 265 scholars. Pop. whites 
6,1G3, slaves 5,967, free colored, 152; total, 
12,287. 

Nelson, county, Ky. Situated a little n. of 
the centre of the state, and contains 460 sq. ms. 
Drained by Beech Fork and Rolling Fork of Salt 
r., and their branches. Capital, Bardstown. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 18,503, sheep 
20,353, swine 46,667 ; wheat 121,244 bush, prod., 
rye 56,073, Ind. corn 473,374, buckwheat 3,610, 
oats 15.5,179, potatoes 12,5il, sugar 14,711 pounds ; 
6 lumber yards, cap. ,$200; 27 stores, capital, 
$139,130; 1 furnace, 1 woollen fac, 65 tanner- 
ies, 41 distilleries, 7 flouring m., 40 grist m., 25 
saw m., 1 oil m., 3 priming offices, 2 weekly news- 
papers. Cap. in manufac. $12:i,370. 1 college, 
108 students, 3 acad. 341 students, 1 sch. 35 



scholars. Pop. whites 8,878, slaves 4,643, free 
col'dll6; total, 13,637. 

Nelson, p-t., Cheshire co., N. H., 44 s. w. 
Concord, 444 W. It occupies the height of land 
between Connecticut and Merrimac rivers. The 
surface is hilly ; soil, adapted to grazing. It has 
several ponds, the outlets of which flow into 
Ashuelot and Contoocook rivers, and afford good 
vs'ater power. Chartered by the name of Pack- 
ersfield, in 1774. There are in the t. 1 store, 
cap. $6,000 ; 1 cotton fac. 640 sp., 1 tannery, 2 
grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $30,000. 1 
acad. 37 students, 9 sch. 336 scholars. Pop. 835. 

Nelso.n, p-t., Madison co., N. Y., 109 w. by n. 
Albany. The surface is elevated and undula- 
ting ; soil, clay and calcareous loam. Drained n. 
by Chittenango cr., and s. by head branches of 
C^henango r. The ^». contains 2 churches, 1 store, 
35 dwellings, and about 225 inhabitants. The t. 
has 3 stores, cap. $6,500 ; 2 fulling m., 3 tanner- 
ies, 2 grist m., 11 saw m. Cap. in manufactures, 
$10,325. 10 sch. 713 scholars. Pop. 2,100. 

Nelson, p-o., Tioga co., Pa., 165 n. Harrisburg, 
275 W. 

Nelson, p-t.. Portage co., O., 164 n. e. Colum- 
bus, 320 W. Tlie soil is fertile, and adapted to 
grass and to grain. It has 9 sch. 291 scholars. 
Pop. 1,398. 

Nelson Factory, p-v., Nelson t., Cheshire 
CO., N. H., 38 s. w. Concord, 444 W. Situated 
on Souhegan r. It has a cotton fac. with 640 
sp., and several neat dwellings. 

Nelsonville, p-v., York t., Athens co., O., 
59 s. E. Columbus, 353 W. Situated on the n. 
side of Hockhocking r. It contains 2 stores, and 
about 100 inhabitants. 

Neosho, r., Indian ter., rises in the dividing 
ridge between the Arkansas and Kansas rivers, 
runs 240 ms. s. e. and s. through the Osage and 
Cherokee lands, and enters the Arkansas 3 or 4 
ms. s. of Fort Gibson. 

Neosho, p-v., capital of Newton co.. Mo., 175 
N. w. Jelferson City. Situated on Spring cr., a 
branch of Neosho r. 

Neponset, r., Mass., flows into Boston harbor, 
and is navigable for vessels of 150 tons, 4 ms., to 
Mil-on. 

Nepon-set Village, p-v., Dorchester t., Nor- 
folk CO., Mass., 5 s. Boston, 445 W. Situated on 
the N. side of Neponset r., and contains some 
mills and manufactories. 

Neptune, p-o., Mercer co., O., 112 w. n. w. 
Columbus, 505 W. 

Nescopeck, mt., Luzerne co.. Pa. Situated 
on the N. side of Nescopeck cr., runs 20 ms. par- 
allel to Wyoming mt., and is about 850 feet high. 
It is nearly destitute of timber on its sum- 
mit. 

Nescopeck, cr., rises in Hanover t., Luzerne 
CO., Pa., and flows over 30 ras. w. and n. \v., into 
the Susquehanna r., at Nescopeck v. 

Nescopeck, p-t., Luzerne co., Pa., 98 n. e. 
Harrisburg, 208 W. The surface is uneven, 
with some good bottom land on the streams. 
Watered by Big and Little Wapwallopen and 
Nescopeck creeks. The v. is situated at the en- 
trance of Nescopeck cr. into the Susquehanna r. 
It contains several stores, and about 30 dwell- 
ings. A bridge 1,256 feet long, and roofed, which 
cost $31,000, here crosses the Susquehanna. 
There are in the t. 2 stores, cap. $9,200 ; 1 forge, 
2 flouring m., 6 f-aw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,1U0. 
6 sch. 265 scholars. Pop. 1,370. 

Neshaminy, r , Pa., rises in Hilltown t., Bucks 
CO., and by a winding course of 35 ms., flows in- 
to Delaware r., 3 ms. below Bristol. It is cross- 
ed by several fme bridges, and the one nearest 



NEW 



443 



NEW 



its mouth on the road to New York, is a toll and 
a draw bridge. 

Neshanock, t., Mercer co., Pa. It has 3 stores, 
cap. $7,000 ; 2 commission houses, cap. $4,300 ; 
1 furnace, 1 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 
3 distilleries, 7 grist ni., 12 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $6,810. 13 sch. 555 scholars. Pop. 2,068. 

Nether Providence, p-t., Delaware co.. Pa., 
12 w. Philadelphia, 90 Harrisburg, 124 W. The 
surface is level ; soil, productive clay, and well 
cultivated. Drained by Ridley cr. on its w., and 
Crum cr. on its e. boundary, both tlowing into 
the Delaware r. It has 7 stores, cap. $22,900 ; 
1 flouring m., 3 grist m., 5 .saw. Cap. in manu- 
fae. $6,710. 1 sch. 144 scholars. Pop. 1,025. 

Nettle Creek, t., Randolph co., la. It has 
3 sch. 70 scholars. Pop. 596. 

Nettle Hill, p-o., Westbury t., Chautauque 
CO., N. Y. 

Nesa^u.^ke, r., Suffolk co , N. Y., rises in the 
t. of Smithtown, and flows w. 4 ms., whence it 
forms 3 ponds in succession, affording excellent 
water power. Thence it flows n. 5 ms. into 
Long Island sound, being navigable that distance 
for small craft, at high tide. 

NESAauAKE, v., Smithtown t., Suffolk co., N. 
Y. Situated on the e. side of a stream of the 
same name, and contains a school house, and 10 
or 12 dwellings. Here was the re.sidence of 
" Ricliard Smith," and the first settlement made 
on this part of Long Island. 

Neshoba, county, Miss. Situated toward the 
E. part of the state, and contains 600 sq. ms. 
Drained by Pearl r., and its head branches. 
Capital, Philadelphia. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 10,003, sheep 677, swine 8,663 ; wheat 
7,163 bush, produced, Ind. corn 83,230, oats 1,810, 
potatoes 14,506, rice 1,563 pounds, tobacco 2,918, 
cotton 1,032,947; 3 stores, cap. $19,000; 3 tan- 
neries, 4 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufae. 
$800. 4 sch. 65 scholars. Pop. whites 1,693, 
slaves 744; total, 2,437. 

Neuse, r., N. C., rises in Person and Orange 
counties, and after a course of about 300 ms., 
flows into a large estuary, connected with Pam- 
lico sound. It is navigable for sea vessels 12 ms. 
above Newbern, and ibr boats about 200 ms. 

Neversink, p-t., Sullivan co., N. Y., 99 s. w. 
Albany, 312 W. The surface is hilly and moun- 
tainous. Drained by Neversink r. on the s., and 
by Rondout cr. on the e. It has 4 stores, cap. 
$9,800 ; 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 16 saw m. Cap. 
in manufae. $158,850. 14 sch. 520 scholars. 
Pop. 1,681. 

JNeversink, Highlands of, extend across the 
N. part of Monmouth co., N. J. Adjacent to the 
ocean they are 300 or 400 feet high, consisting of 
sandy earth, colored by oxide of iron, and imbed- 
ding reddish brown sand and pudding-stone, ce- 
mented by iron, resting on banks of oyster shells 
and other marine relics, blended with clay and 
sea mud. A small portion of them only is culti- 
vated, but they are generally covered with 
wood. 

Neville, p-v., Washington t., Clermont co., 
O., 126 e. s. e. Columbus, 486 W. Situated on 
the Ohio r. 

Nevix, p-o.. Highland co., O., 82 s. w. Colum- 
bus, 449 W. 

New Alba.ny, p-v., Albany t., Bradford co.. 
Pa., 136 N. Harrisburg, 247 VV. 

New Albany, city, and capital of Floyd co., 
la , 121 s. by e. Indianapolis, 600 W. Situated 
on the N. bank of the Ohio r., 2 ms. below the 
foot of the falls, where the Ohio descends 32 feet 
in one mile. It is the largest place in the state, 
and contains a court house, jail, 9 churches — 2 



Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 2 Baptist, 2 Methodist, 

1 Campbellite, and 1 Roman Catholic— a bank, 
an insurance co., 1 male and 1 female seminary, 
a lyeeum, 4 schools, a theological college, 40 or 
50 stores of different kinds, i iron foundry and 
steam engine fac, 1 rope fac, 1 steam grist m., 1 
steam saw m , 1 hemp bagging fac, and 4,226 in- 
habitants. It is regularly laid out with six streets 
running parallel with the r. the whole length of 
the city, intersected by 11 others crossing them 
at right angles. The streets are generally from 
60 to 80 or 100 feet wide. From 10 to 15 steam- 
boats are built here annually, besides sloops and 
schooners, to be sold at New Orlean.s, and there 
are several extensive ship yards. The place was 
laid off in 1813. A niicadamizcd road is finished 
50 ms., being part of an overland communication 
with St. Louis, Mo. A railroad is also partly 
finished toward Cravvfordsville, la. There are 
in the t., exclusive of the city, 1,303 inhabitants. 

New Aldany, p-v., Pontotoc co., Miss. 

New Albany, v.. Green t., Columbiana co., 
O. It has 1 sch. and 52 inhabitants. 

New Albion, p-t., Cattaraugus co., N. Y., 307 
w. by s. Albany, 347 VV. The surface is ele- 
vated and broken ; soil, fertile, adapted to grain 
and to grazing. Drained by Cattaraugus cr. and 
Alleghany r. It has 1 store, cap. $2,500 ; 1 grist 
m., 4 saw ra. Cap. in manufae. $1,500. 6 sch. 
254 scholars. Pop. 1,016. 

New Ale.xander, p-v.. West t., Columbiana 
CO., O., 146 N. e. by e. Columbus, 292 W. It has 

2 stores, 25 dwellings, and about 150 inhabitants. 
New Alexandria, p-v., Westmoreland co., 

Pa., 171 w. Harrisburg, 197 W. Situated on the 
E. side of Loyalhanna r., and contains 3 stores, 
and about 30 dwellings. 

New Alstead, p-v., Alstead t., Cheshire co., 
N. II., 54 s. w. Concord, 458 W. Situated on s. 
side of Cold r. 

New Amsterdam, p-v., Harrison co., la., 140 
s. Indianapolis, 637 W. Situated on the e. side 
of the Ohio r., immediately above the entrance 
of Indian cr. 

Newark, p-t., Caledonia co., Vt., 57 n. e. 
Montpelier, 567 W. The surface is moderately 
uneven ; soil, cold and wet, and unproductive. 
Drained by the head waters of Pasumsic r. It 
has 2 saw m., 4 sch. 133 scholars. Pop. 360. 

Newark, t., Tioga co., N. Y., 8 n. Owego, 161 
w. s. w. Albany. The surface is hilly, with I'cr- 
tile valleys ; soil, gravelly loam. Drained by E. 
and W. Owego creeks. It has 5 stores, cap. 
$13,000; 1 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 5 grist m., 
20 saw m. Cap. in manufae. '''"'^,840. 511 schol- 
ars in schools. Pop. 1,616. 

Newark, p-v., Arcadia t., Wayne co., N. Y., 
186 w. by N. Albany. 357 W. Situated on the Erie 
canal, and contains 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 
Methodist, and 1 Universalist — 12 stores, 2 ware- 
houses, 1 steam flouring m. and distillery, 2 steam 
furnaces, 2 carriage fat-., 200 dwellings, and 
about 1,200 inhabitants. 

Newark, city, port of entry, and capital of Es- 
sex CO., N. J., 9 w. New York, 49 \. e. Trenton, 
215 W. It is situated on the w. side of Passaic 
river, 3 ms. from its entrance into Newark bay, 
and is the most populous and flourishing place in 
the state. It is in 40° 44' n. lat., and 2° 44' k. 
Ion. from W. The population in 1830, was 
10,950; in 1840, 17,290. Of these, 206 were 
employed in commerce ; 2,424 in manufactures 
and trades ; 59 navigating the ocean, rivers, &c. ; 
101 in the learned professions. 

The river is navigable to this place for vessels 
of 100 tons burden, and the Morris canal passes 
through it There is a communication, a large 



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part of the year, twice a day by steamboat to 
New York, "and several times a day by railroad. 
The place is regularly laid out, the streets are 
generally broad and straight, and many of the 
houses are neat and elegant. Two large public 
grounds, bordered by lofty trees and bounded by 
tlie principal avenues, add mucli to the beauty 
of the place. The city is abundantly supplied 
with pure water brought by a company from a 
fine spring, 2 miles distant, and distributed in the 
city in iron pipes of a total length of 7 miles. 
Several of the churches are hands^ome buildhigs. 
The court house is built of brown freestone, in a 
commanding position in the w. part of the city, 
and is a large and elegant building of the Egyp- 
tian architecture. 

There are 17 churches — 5 Presbyterian, 1 As- 
sociate Reformed, 'i Baptist, 3 Methodi.«t, 1 Epis- 
copal, 1 Dutch Reformed, 1 African 31ethodist, 
1 Roman Catholic, 1 Bethel, and 1 Universalist. 
There are 3 banks, with an aggregate capital of 
$1,430,000, of which not more than two thirds 
have ijeen paid in. There is an apprentices' 
library ; a circulating library ; a mechanics' asso- 
ciation for scientific and literary improvement, 
who have a valuable library and philosophical 
apparatus, and who support public lectures ; and 
a young men's literary association. 

The "commerce of Newark is considerable and 
increasing. The coasting trade employs 65 ves- 
sels of 100 tons each. A wlialing and sealing 
company was incorporated in 1833, which is 
prosecuting the business. The tonnage of this 
port in 1840, was 6,6-^7. There were in 1810, 2 
for. commercial and 2 commission stores, cap. 
$15,000; 114 retail stores, cap. $3i 1,-50; Clum- 
ber yards, cap. §38,000 ; fisheries, cap. $60,000 ; 
precious metals, value produced $154,312; man- 
ufactures of leather, cap. $285,951 ; 2 breweries, 
cap. $13,000; carriages, cap. $218,700; 5 print- 
ing offices, 2 binderies, 1 daily, and 3 weekly 
newspapers, and 3 periodicals, cap. $32,300. To- 
tal cap. in manufac. $1,511,339. 6 acad. 319 stu- 
dents, 30 sch. 1,955 scholars. 

This town was first settled in 1666, by a com- 
pany from Guilford, Branford, Milford, and New 
Haven, Conn. They purchased the territory, 
including several neighboring towns, of the In- 
dians for i"130. New England currency, 12 In- 
dian blankets, and 12 guns. They formed a 
government, and administered it, often disputing 
the claims of the proprietaries, by holding to an 
original and superior right. 

iVEWARK, p-v., New Castle co., Del., 59 n. by 
w. Dover, 99 W. Situated in the w. part of the 
county. 

Newark, p-v., Worcester co., Md., 123 s. e. 
Annapolis, 163 W. Situated in the e. part of the 
county. 

Newark, p-v., capital of Licking co., O., 39 e. 
N. E. Columbus, 366 W. Situated at the conflu- 
ence of 3 principal branches of Licking r., and 
on the Ohio and Erie canal, which passes along 
one of its streets. The streets are from 6 to 8 
rods wide, crossing each other at right angles, 
with a large public square in tiie centre, on which 
is an elegant brick court house. It has also a 
jail, several churches, 2 academies, a market 
house, 15 stores, several large warehouses, 2 
print. offices, 350 dwellings, and 2,705 inliabitants. 

Newark, t., Allegan co., Mich., 180 w. De- 
troit. 'I'he V. is situated on Kalamazoo r., 2 nis. 
from its mouth, in lake Michigan. It has a com- 
modious harbor, and contains several stores, a 
warehouse, a steam saw ni., and about 20 dwell- 
ings. The t. has I tannery, 2 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $102,300. Pop. 121. 



Newark, p-v., Warrick co., la. Situated on 
the E. side of Big Pigeon cr. 

Newark, p-v., La Salle co., III., 153 n. n. e. 
Springfield, 776 W. 

Newark, p-v., Scotland co., Mo., 44 n. Jeffer- 
son City, 958 W. Situated on the n. e. side of 
the S. Fabius r. 

Newark Valley, p-v., Newark t., Tioga co., 
N. Y., 154 w. s. w. Albany, 2S5 W. Situated on 
East Owego cr., and contains 1 Presbyterian and 
1 Methodist church., a high school, 5 stores, 1 grist 
m., 1 saw m., 60 dwellings, and about 400 inhab- 
itants. 

New Ashford, t., Berkshire co., Mass., 18 n. 
Lenox, 130 w. by n. Boston. Incorporated in 
1801. The surface is mountainous ; soil, adapted 
to grazing. Drained by head branches of Green 
r. and of Housatonic r. Marble is found here. It 
contains a 3Iethodist church. It has 1 tannery, 1 
grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,200. 2 
sch. 45 scholars. Pop. 227. 

New Athens, p-v., Athens t., Harrison co., 
O., 115 E. by N. (.^olumbus, 291 W. It contains a 
church, 4 stores, and about 300 inhabitants, ex- 
clusive of students. It is the seat of Franklin col- 
lege, whicb was founded in 1825, has a president, 
and 6 professors or other instructors, 84 alumni, 
of whom 7 have been ministers of the gospel. 51 
students, and 1,900 vols, in its libraries. The 
commencement is on the lastWednesday in Sep- 
tember. 

New BALTiMOREjp-t., Greene co., N. Y., 15 
s. Albany, 354 W. Tlie surface is broken and 
hilly ; soil, a fertile clay and sandy loam, well 
cultivated. Drained by Dieppe and Haivrakraus 
creeks, flowing into Hudson r., which bounds it 
on the E. The v. is situated on the w side of 
Hudson river, and contains 1 Dutch Reformed 
church, 4 stores, 2 warehouses, 2 ship-yards for 
repairing vessels. It has a convenient steamboat 
landing, and 6 sloops which trade to New York. 
There are in the t. 7 stores, cap. $13,700 ; 1 fulling 
m., 3 tanneries, 1 paper fac, 1 flouring m., 3 grist 
m., 7 saw. Cap. in manufac. $31,650. 16 sch. 
637 scholars. Pop. 2,306. 

New Baltimore, p-v., Fauquier co., Va., 108 
N. by w. Richmond, 45 W. It contains 1 Baptist 
church in the vicinity, an academy, 2 stores, 1 
tannery, about 20 dwellings, and 120 inhabitants. 

New Baltimore, p-v., Marlboro t.. Stark co., 
O., 133 N. E. Columbus, 315 W. 

New Barbadoes, t., Bergen co., N. J. Tlie 
surface is mostly level ; soil, sandy loam and red 
shale, and well cultivated. Drained by Hacken- 
sack r. It contains the v. of Ilackensack, the 
capital of the CO. It has 7 stores, cap. $1,500; 
3 lumber yards, cap. $16,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 distil- 
lery, 6 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufactures, 
$9,100. 1 acad. 25 students, 6 sch. 218 scholars. 
Pop. 2,104. 

New Bedford, p-t., port of entry, and semi- 
capital of Bristol CO., Mass., 2o s. s. e. Taunton, 
58 s. Boston, to which it is connected by railroad, 
431 W., in 41° 38' 7" n. lat., and 70° .55' 49" w. 
Ion. Pop. in 1820, 3,947; 1830, 7,592; 1840, 
12,087. New Bedford is on an arm of tlie sea, 
which sets up from Buzzard's bay. The ground 
rises rapidly from the water, and gives the upper 
part of the town, which contains many splendid 
dwellings, a commanding situation. A bridge, 
near the centre of the place, connects it with 
Fairhaven. It contains a court house ; 4 banks, 
capital $1,300,000; 3 insurance offices, capital 
$.330,000 ; and a savings institution ; 14 churches 
— 1 Baptist, 3 Congregational, 1 Episcopal, 2 
Christian, 1 Friends, 2 Sletliodist, 1 Roman Cath- 
olic, 1 Unitarian, 1 Universalist, 1 Bethel, and 1 



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African. There are 17 candle liouses and oil 
manufactories. The liarbor is safe and spacious. 
Tlie .surrounding country affords lew exports, 
and the inhnbiiants and capital of the place are 
chiefly devoted lo tiie whale fi.shery. Its ton- 
nage in 184(1 was 8i\039, being the second district 
in this respect in the stale. There were in 1840, 
174 stores, cap. "^'482,350 ; 6 lumber yards, cap. 
$3t,800: capital employed in the fisheries, 
$4,512,000 ; salt produced, 13,100 bush. ; 3 tanne- 
ries, 4 grist in., 2 saw m., 1 rope walk, 1 paper 
fac. 3 printing ofliccs, 1 bindery, 2 daily and 2 
weekly newspapers. Cap. in nianufac. $527,800. 
2 acad. 118 students, 53 sch. 3,455 scholars. 

New Bedford, p-v., Mahoning t., Mercer co.. 
Pa., 244 w. N. w. Columbus, 2S5W. It contains 
a Presbyterian church, 2 stores, and about 30 
dwellings. 

New Bedford, p-v., Crawford t., Coshocton 
CO., O., 99 N. E. Columbus, 333 W. It has 1 store 
and about 30 dwellings. 

New Benton, v.. Smith t, Columbiana co., 
O. It has 74 inhabitants. 

Newbf.rg, p-t., Cass CO., Mich., 157 w. by s. 
Detroit, 605 W. It has 1 saw m., 2 sch. 46 scho- 
lars. Pop. 175. 

New Berlin, p-t., Chenango co., N. Y., 8 n, 
E. Norwich, 88 w. Albany, 347 W. The surface 
is undulating ; soil, moist clay loam, adapted to 
grass, and some of it to grain. Drained by Una- 
dilla r. The v. is situated on the w. bank of 
Unadilla r., and contains 4 churches — 1 Presby- 
terian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist — 
8 stores, 1 cotton fac., 1 grist m., 1 tannery, 1 rope 
walk, 1 oil m., 1 carding machine, 1 trip-hammer 
works, 1 brewery, 100 dwellings, and about 6IJ0 
inhabitants. There are in the t. 13 stores, cap. 
$53,21)0; 1 fulling m., 1 cotton fac. 4,400 sp., 4 
tanneries, 1 (laper fac, 1 bindery, 1 weekly news- 
paper, 5 grist m., 11 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$192,700. 23 sch. 7G5 scholars. Pop. 3,036. 

New Berlin, p-b., capital of Union co., Pa., 
69 N. Harrisburg, 179 VV. Situated on the n. 
side of Penn's cr., which affords water power. 
I* contains a handsome court house, containing 
the public offices, of brick, 80 feet long, a stone 
jail, 2 neat churches — 1 common to Lutherans and 
German Presbyterians, the other Methodist ; 3 
stores, capital $18,000; 2 tanneries, 1 pottery, 1 
printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 1 grist m. 
Cap. in manufac. $11,000. Pop. 679. 

Nr.w Berlin, p-v., Blair t., Stark co., O., 129 
N. E.Columbus, 318 W. 

New Berlin, p-v., Milwaukee co., Wis., 91 e. 
Madison, 818 W. 

New Berlin Centre, p-c. New Berlin t., 
Chenango co., N. Y., 102 w. Albany, 343 W. 

Newbern, p-v., Greene co., Ala. 

Newbern, p-v., Bartholomew co., la., 50 s.by 
F.. Indianapolis, 570 W. Situated on the s. side 
of Clifty cr. 

Newbern, p v., Greene co., 111., 83s. w. Spring- 
field, 820 W. 

Newbern, p-v., port of entry, and capital of 
Craven co., N. C, is situated on the s. w. bank 
of the Neuse r., at the junction of the Trent, 30 
nis. above Pamlico sound, 120 e. s. e. lialeieh, 
100 n. n. e. Wilmington, 348 W. Pop. 1830, 
3,776 ; 1840. 3,690. It was long the capital of 
the state. The Neuse is here a mile and a hall", 
and the Trent three fourths of a mile wide. It 
has a court house, jail, a theatre, a masonic hall, 
2 banks, and 3 churches — 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, 
and 1 Methodist. It is pleasantly situated and 
handsomely built, and more healthy than most 
places in the state so near the seaboard. It has 
considerable trade, and exports grain, pork, lum- 



ber, and naval stores. A steamboat plies to Eliz- 
abeth City, and this connects with the line from 
Norfolk, Va., to Charleston, S. C. There were 
in 1840, 53 stores, cap. $37'.),410; 83,000 barrels 
of tar, pitch, or turpentine, 2 tanneries, 1 flouring 
m., 3 grist m., 5 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 week- 
ly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $151,650. 4 
acad. 151 students, 3 sch. 92 scholars. 

Nkwberry, district, S. C. Situated a little n. 
w. of the centre of the state, and contains 540 sq. 
ms. Broad r. runs on its e. border, and Saluda r. 
on its s. border, by branches of which it is wa- 
tered. Much of the soil is fertile. Capital, New- 
berry. There were in 1840, neat cattle 19,600, 
sheep 7,183, swine 35,666 ; wheat 57,350 bush, 
produced, rye 708, Ind. corn 635,634, barley 1,129, 
oats 73,185, potatoes 33,460, cotton 3,105,107 
pounds ; 34 stores, cap. $95,350 ; 4 tanneries, 3 
distilleries, 15 flouring m., 18 grist m., 18 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $90,350. 3 acad. 134 students, 
29 sch. 757 scholars. Pop. whites 8,20S, slaves 
9,904, free col'd 238 ; total, 18,350. 

Newberry, t., York co.. Pa. It has 7 stores, 
cap. $21,900; 2 tanneries, 7 distilleries, 3 potte- 
ries, 6 grist m., 5 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $33,160. 13 sch. 400 scholars. Pop. 1,850. 

Newberry, p-v., Lycoming co.. Pa., 95 n. Har- 
risburg, 205 W. 

Newberry, p-t., Geauga co., O., 159 n. w. Co- 
lumbus, 333 W. 

Newberry, p-v., Wayne county, Ky., 119 s. 
Frankfort, 608 W. Situated on the w. side of 
Otter creek. 

Newberry, C. H., p-v., capital of Newberry 
dist., S. C, 40 w. n. w. Columbia, 504 W. 

Newberrytown, p-v., York co., Pa., 19 s. 
Harrisburg, 105 W. 

New Bethel, p-v., Marion co., la., B s. e. In- 
dianapolis, 579 W. 

New Bloomfield, p-b., Juniata t., capital of 
Perry co.. Pa., 34 w. by n. Harrisburg, 126 W. 
It contains a court house and public offices of 
brick, a stone jail, 5 stores, 1 Presbyterian and 1 
Methodist church, a printing office, issuing a 
weekly newspaper, about 60 dwellings and 400 
inhabitants. Incorporated as a borough in 1831. 
(See Bloomfield.) 

New Bloomfield, p-v., Callaway co.. Mo., 11 
n. by e. Jefferson City, 928 W. 

Newborn, p-v., INewton co., Ga., 55 n. w. 
Milledgeville, 651 W. 

New Boston, p-t., Hillsboro' co., N. H., 22 s. 
by w. Concord, 467 W. The surface is uneven ; 
soil, fertile. It has several ponds. Watered by 
a branch of Piscataquoag river. Incorporated in 
1763. It has 3 stores, cap. $14,000 ; 1 fulling m., 
3 tanneries, 4 grist m., 19 saw m. Cap. in maini- 
fac. $31,63;). 18 sch. 553 scholars. Pop. 1,569. 

New Boston, p-v., Sandisfield t., Berkshire 
CO., Mass., 122 w. by s. Boston, 360 W. 

New Boston, p-v., Thompson t., Windhanj 
CO., Ct., 48 N. e. by e. Hartford, 334 W. Situa- 
ted on both sides of the Quinnebaug r. 

New Brai.ntree. p-t., Worcester co., Mass., 
66 w. Boston, 399 W. The surface is moderate- 
ly uneven ; soil, fertile, adapted to grazing. 
Drained by Ware r., wiiich runs on its n. w. bor- 
der. It is finely watered by springs and brooks, 
on one of which, flowing into VVare r., is a fertile 
meadow of several hundred acres. It has 1 store, 
cap. $2,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $7,375. 7 sch. 233 scholars. Pop. 752. 

New Bremen, p-v., German t., Mercer co., O , 
97 w. N. w. Columbus, 491 W. 

New Bridge, p-v., Lumpkin co., Ga., 136 n. 
N. w. Milledgeville, 630 W. Situated on the n. 
side of Chestatee r. 



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New Bridgeville, p-o., York oo., Pa., 39 s. 
Harrisburg, 101 VV. 

New Brighton, v., Castleton t., Richmond 
CO., N. Y. Delightfully situated on the n. end 
of Staten Island, 6 ms. from New York, with 
which it i.s coiinecled by a steam ferry. It con- 
tains a number of elegant dvvelling.s, on ascend- 
ing ground, and 2 large hotels, much resorted to 
in the summer, a young ladies' seminary, and the 
Si*lor's Snug Harbor, 1 m. w. The view of this 
place from New York, and the view from this 
place of the city and harbor is beautiful. 

New Brighton, b., Beaver CO., Pa. Situated 
on the E. bank of Beaver river, 3 miles above its 
mouth, which affords water power. It contain.s 
6 churches — 1 Methodist, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Asso- 
ciate Reformed, 1 Unionist, and 2 Friends — 1, fe- 
male seminary, an insurance office, the New 
Brighton Institute, for the promotion of literature 
and science, and 9 stores. The v. is regularly 
laid out, with broad streets, crossing each other 
at right angles, and has many beautiful residen- 
ces. 2 bridges cross the Beaver, 1 at each end 
of the v., one to Brighton t., and the other to 
Fallston b. The Pennsylvania and Ohio canal 
passes through it. There are in the t. 6 stores, 
cap. $13,000; 1 furnace, 2 fulling m., 2 woollen 
fac, 1 printing office, 1 weekly new.spaper, 2 
flouring m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $91,350. 
2 acad. 85 students, 3 sch. 92 scholars. Pop. 
981. 

New Britain, p-v., Berlin t., Hartford co., Ct., 
10 s. w. Hartlbid, 326 W. It contains 3 churches — 
1 Congregational, 1 Methodist, and 1 Baptist — 45 
factories, chiefly of brass, employing 700 persons, 
and a cap. of $650,000 ; and about 1,500 inhab- 
itants. 

New Britain, p-o.. New Lebanon t., Colum- 
bia CO., N. Y., 24 s. E. Albany, 36S W. 

Ni:w Britain, p-t, Bucks co., Pa., 25 n. w. 
Philadelphia, 96 e. Harrisburg, 165 W. The 
surface is rolling; soil, sandy loam. Drained by 
branches of Neshamiiiy cr., which affords water 
power. It has 3 stores, cap. .$8,000 ; 1 tannery, 
5 grist ra., 5 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. 
$9,510. 2 sch. 48 scholars. Pop. 1,304. 

New Brunswick, city, capital of Middlesex 
CO., N. J., i'i s. w. New York, 27 n. e. Trenton, 
193 W. Situated on the w. bank of Raritan r., 
14 ms. from its entrance into Raritan bay at Am- 
boy. It is the capital of Middlesex co., though it 
lies partly in Somerset co., Albany-street form- 
ing the dividing line. The streets immediately 
on the r. are narrow, and the ground is low. 
The streets on the upper bank are wide, and con- 
tain many fine buildings. A toll-bridge here 
crosses the Raritan, rebuilt in 1811, and cost 
$36,687. A railroad bridge crosses the r., a little 
above. Incorporated as a city in 1784. It con- 
tains a court house, jail, 7 churches — 1 Dutch 
Reformed, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, 
1 Methodist, 1 colored Methodist, and 1 Roman 
Catholic — 2 banks, 120 stores, 800 dwellings, and 
8,693 inhabitants. It is the seat of Rutgers Col- 
lege, founded in 1770, which has a president, 10 
prolessors or other instructors, 370 alumni, of 
whom 77 have been ministers of the gospel, 82 
students, and 1,200 vols, iu its libraries. The 
commencement is on the third Wednesday in 
July. The Delaware and Raritan canal com- 
rnences here, extending 43 ms. to Trenton, is 75 
feet wide and 7 iiset deep, admitting the passage 
of sloops of from 75 to 100 tons burden. The 
New Jersey railroad passes through the city, 
forming a part of the chain of railroads from 
New \ork to Philadelpliia, Baltimore, and Wash- 
ington. 



New Buffalo, p-o., Buffalo t., Perry co.. Pa., 
19 N. by w. Harrisburg, 129 W. Situated on the 
Susquehanna r., 5 ms. above the entrance of the 
Juniata, where is a ferry across the former. 

New Buffalo, p-t., Berrien co., Mich., 225 w. 
by s. Detroit, 678 W. The v. is situated on a 
point of land between Galien r. and Lake Michi- 
gan, and contains 4 stores, a forwarding and 
commission house, about 60 dwellings, and 400 
inhabitants. It forms the termination of a pro- 
jected railroad from Monroe across the s. part of 
the peninsula. It has 1 sch. 10 scholars. Pop. 123. 

Newburg, p-t., Penobscot co.. Me., 51 n. e. 
Augusta, 646 W. The soil is fertile, adapted to 
grain. Incorporated in 1819. Drained by a 
branch of Sowadabscook r. It has 2 stores, cap. 
§2,000; I grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$1,000. 9 sch. 427 scholars. Pop. 963. 

Newburg, p-t., semi-capital of Orange co., N. 
Y., 60 N. New York, 84 s. by w. Albany, 286 
W. The surface is hilly and broken ; soil, clay 
and sandy loam. Hudson r. bounds it on the e. 
The v. is pleasantly situated on the w. bank of 
Hudson r., on rising ground. Incorporated in 
1800. It contains a court house, jail, 1 1 churches 
— 2 Presbyterians, 2 Associate Reformed, 1 Bap- 
tist, 1 Methodist, 1 Episcopal, 1 Dutch Reformed, 
1 Reformed Presbyterian, 1 Roman Catholic, and 
1 African — 3 banking houses, 1 academy, 1 high 
school, a theological seminary of the Associate 
Reformed church, 150 stores, 9 storehouses, 5 
freighting establishments, 3 flouring m., 3 plaster 
m., 1 brewery, and numerous mechanical and 
manufacturing establishments, 1,0U0 dwellings, 
and about 6,000 iidiabitants. It has 4 steamboats 
and 2 freight barges, which run between it and 
New York city, and 1 steamboat running to Al- 
bany, besides a number of sloops, trading to dif- 
ferent places on the r. There is a steam ferry 
between this place and Fishkill, on the opposite 
side of the r. Washington had his head-quarters 
here, for a time, during the revolutionary war, 
and the house is standing in which he and his 
family resided ; and here the American army 
was disbanded, June 23d, 1783. There are in 
the t. 2 acad. 142 students, 23 sch. 1,233 scholars. 
Pop. 8,933. 

Newburg, p-v., Hopewell t., Cumberland co., 
Pa., 41 w. by s. Harrisburg, 109 W. It contains 
1 store, and 10 or 12 dwellings. 

Newburg, p-t., Cuyahoga co., O., 150 n. e. by 
N. Columbus, 353 W. The soil is fertile. The 
v. is situated on Mill cr., where is a beautiful wa- 
ter fall, affording extensive water power. It 
contains 3 churches, 2 stores, 1 grist m., 2 saw 
m., 1 cloth dressing works, and a number of 
dwellings. The stage road from Cleveland to 
Pittsburg passes through it. The t. has 1 store, 
cap. $1,000; 1 flouring m., 1 saw m., 8 sch. 457 
scholars. Pop. 1,312. 

Newburg, t., Geauga co., O. It has 1 tanne- 
ry, 3 grist m., 5 saw m., 11 sch. 474 scholars. 
Pop. 1,209. 

Newburg, t., Miami co., O. It has 7 stores, 
cap. $38,000 ; 2 distilleries, 4 flouring m., 5 grist 
m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $41,000. Pop. 
1,302. 

Newburg, p-v., Jefferson co., Ky., 63 w. 
Frankfort, 605 W. It contains 1 church and 
about 80 inhabitants. 

Newburg, p-v., Warrick co., la., 183 s. s. w. 
Indianapolis, 717 W. Situated on the n. bank of 
the Ohio r. 

Newburg, p-v., Franklin co., Ala., 121 N. by 
w. Tuscaloosa, 786 W^. 

Newburgh, p-v., Pittsylvania co., Va., 138 w 
s. \v. Richmond, 225 W. 



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Newburgh, p-v., Pike co., 111., 65 w. Spring- 
field, 845 W. 

New Burlington', p-v., Clinton co., O., 69 s. 
w. Columbus, 458 W. 

New Burlington, p-v., Delaware co., la., 66 
N. E. Indianapolis, 536 W. 

Newbury, p-t., Merrimac co., N. H., 30 w. n. 
w. Concord, 477 W. Sunapee lake lies on its n. 
w. border. The surface is mountainous and 
rough ; soil, hard. Drained by a branch of War- 
ner r., flowing from a pond. Incorporated in 
1778, by the name of Fishersfield ; received its 
present name in 1837. It has 1 store, cap. $1,000 ; 
1 tannery, 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,600. 
6 sch. 216 scholars. Pop. 816. 

Newbury, p-t.. Orange co., Vt., 36 s. e. Mont- 
pelier, 518 W. Situated on the w. side of Con- 
necticut r., opposite to Haverhill, N. H. Char- 
tered in 1763. It contains fine alluvial land on 
the r., and particularly a tract of 450 acres in- 
cluded withm the Great Oxbow, a remarkable 
curve in the r. Watered by Wells r. in its n. 
part, which affords good water power, near the 
mouth of which is a v. with considerable manu- 
factures. Just below this a bridge crosses Con- 
necticut r., and another in the lower part of the t. 
leading to Haverhill Corners. There is a v. be- 
tween these bridges, near the Great 0.xbovv, 
which contains a Congregational church, several 
stores, and a number of handsome dwellings. 
Connecticut r. is boatable to the mouth of Wells 
r. It has 7 stores, cap. $32,000 ; 3 fulling m., 1 
paper fac, 1 printing office, 1 bindery, 3 grist m., 
6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $37,400 ; 1 acad. 389 
students, 21 sch. 865 scholars. Pop. 2,578. 

Newbury, t., Essex co., Mass., 31 n. by e. 
Boston, 17 N. Salem. Situated on the s. side of 
Merrimac r., opposite to Salisbury, N. H. The 
soil is fertile, and well cultivated. Watered by 
Parker r., which has a fall of nearly 5 ) feet, 
affording good water power, and by Artichoke r. 
Plum island on the Atlantic shore is partly in 
this t., and is about 9 ms. long and 1 broad. 
Dummer Academy, founded in 1756, is in the 
parish of Byfield, and is richly endowed. The 
most compact part joins Newburyport, and con- 
tains about 1,100 inhabitants. In the t. are 4 
churches. It has 15 stores, 1 fulling m., 3 tanne- 
ries, 5 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufactures 
$236,640. 4 acad. 115 students, 14 sch. 757 scho- 
lars. Pop. 3,789. 

Newbury, t., York co.. Pa., 12 n. York. The 
surface is undulating ; soil, calcareous loam and 
gravel. Conewago cr. forms the s. boundary, 
and Stony run and Beaver cr. the w. Fishing cr. 
flows through the n. e. corner. It has 3 villages. 
There are in the t. 7 stores, cap. $21,90;) ; 2 tan- 
neries, 7 distilleries, 3 potteries, 2 flouring m., 1 
grist m., 3 saw ra. Cap. in manulac. $26,400. 
13 sch. 400 scholars. Pop. 1,850. 

Newbury, t., La Grange co., la. It has 2 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $3,800. 1 sch. 20 scholars. 
Pop. 145. 

Newburyport, p-t., port of entry and one of 
the 3 capitals of Essex co., Mass., 38 n. by e. 
Boston, 478 W. It is beautifully situated on a 
gentle acclivity, on the s. bank of the Merrimac 
r., at its entrance into the Atlantic. It contains 
a territory of 1 m. square of excellent land. The 
streets are wide, intersecting each other at right 
angles, and it has a brick court house, a stone 
jail, a custom house of rough granite, with a fine 
wrought Grecian Doric portico and pilasters on 
the sides, which cost $25,000 ; 8 churches — 2 
Presbyterian, 1 Congregational, 1 Independent, 1 
Episcopal, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist — an acade- 
my, 3 banks, with a cap. of $700,000 ; besides a 



bank for savings, 3 insurance companies, an 
almshouse, a lyceum, and numerous vessels em- 
ployed in the cod, mackerel, and whale fi-sherie.", 
in which 1,000 persons are employed. The har- 
bor is safe and spacious, but difficult of entrance. 
Pop. in 1830, 6,388 ; 1840, 7,161. A fire in 1811 
consumed 250 buildings, mostly dwellings and 
stores, with 1 church, — covering 16i acres of the 
most valuable part of the place with ruins. Mr. 
Whitefield, the celebrate^f preacrier, died here, 
Sept. 30, 1770. A monument in one of the 
churches, where his remains repose, records, 
that " in a ministry of 34 years, he crossed the 
Atlantic 13 times, and preached more than 18,000 
sermons." It has 12 commercial and 3 commis- 
sion houses, cap. $781,000; 116 stores, cap. 
.$225,200 ; 4 lumber yards, cap. $35,000 ; 4 cot- 
ton fac. 17,736 sp., 2 distilleries, 3 printing offices, 
1 daily, 1 weekly, and 1 semi-v^'eekly newspa- 
pers. Cap. in manufac. $647,800. 15 acad. 699 
students, 39 sch. 1,332 scholars. Tonnage 23,965. 

Newby's Bridge, p-o., Perquimans co., N. C, 
199 E. by N. Raleigh, 291 W. 

Newby's Crcss IIo.\ds, p-o., Rappahannock 
CO., Va., 113 N. N. w. Richmond, 75 W. 

New Can.^an, p-t., Fairfield co., Ct., 74 s. w. 
Hartford, 273 W. The surface is mountainous 
and rough ; soil, gravelly loam, but generally 
productive. Incorporated in 1801. It has exten- 
sive manufactures of shoes and leather. The v. 
is on elevated ground, overlooking Long Island 
sound, and contains 1 Congregational and 1 Epis- 
copal church, and a respectable academy. Half 
a mile s. is a Methodist church. Some interest- 
ing aboriginal remains have been found in the 
vicinity. It has 8 stores, cap. $39,700; 2 fulling 
m., 3 tanneries, 2 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $31,700. 2 acad. 63 students, 9 sch. 
561 scholars. Pop. 2,217. 

New Can.vnd.'Vigua, p-o., Calhoun co., Mich. 

New Canton, p-v., Buckingham co., Va., 64 
w. Richmond, 13:* W. Situated on an elevated 
bank of Slate cr., one fourth of a mile from James 
r., of which it commands a beautiful view. It 
contains 1 Free church, 3 stores, 1 flouring m., 1 
tannery, and 36 dwellings. Four miles w. are 
the Virginia mills, where large quantities of flour 
are manufactured. Excepting on the r., the 
country around is sterile. 

New Canton, p-v., Hawkins co., Tenn., 264 
E. by N. Nashville, 418 W. 

New Carthage, p-v., Madison parish, La., 234 
N. w. New Orleans, 1,075 W. 

New Carlisle, p-v.. Bethel t., Clark co., O., 
102 w. Columbus, 496 W. It contains 3 churches, 
8 stores, 75 dwellings, and about 475 inhabitants. 

New Carlisle, p-v., St. Josephs co., la., 166 
N. Indianapolis, 652 W. 

New Castine, p-v., Butler t., Darke co., O., 
102 w. Columbus, 496 W. 

New Castle, county, Del. Situated in the 
N. part of the state, and contains 456 sq. ms. The 
surface toward the Delaware r., which bounds it 
on the E., is low and marshy. Toward the w. 
and N., it is moderately hilly. The soil is fertile. 
Drained by Naamans, Brandywine, Red Clay, 
t'hrisiiana, St. George's, Appoquiimimink, Black- 
bird, and Duck creeks. The last runs on its s. 
border. The railroad from Philadelphia to Bal- 
timore passes through it. Another railroad from 
New Castle, on the Delaware, extends to French- 
town on the Chesapeake. A ship canal connects 
the Delaware with the Chesapeake, about 131 
ms. long, 66 feet wide at top, and 10 feet deep, 
which cost $2,750,000. Capital, New Castle. 
There were in 1810, neat cattle 17,450, sheep 
7,471, swine 14,094 j wheat 191,724 bush. pri>- 



NEW 



448 



NEW 



duced, rye 3,157, Ind. corn 599,707, buckwheat 
7,528, oats 564,015, potatoes 84,166, barley 5,260; 
150 stores, cap. $507,550 ; 13 lumber yards, cap. 
$72,780; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 11 cotton 
fac. 24,492 sp., 4 tanneries, 3 breweries, 27 pow- 
der m., 2 potteries, 1 paper fac, 3 printing offices, 
3 weekly and 3 semi-weekly newspapers, 27 
flouring m., 30 grist m., 29 saw m. Cop. in man- 
ufac. $1,334,760. 1 college 23 students, 12 acad. 
479 students, 60 sch. 2,6 1 8 scholars. Pop. 33, 120. 

New Castle, p-t., Lincoln co.. Me., 35 s. e. 
Augusta, 603 \Y. Situated between Damariscot- 
ta and Sheepscot rivers. Incorporated in 1735. 
It contains a Congregational church and the Lin- 
coln Academy. Damariscotta r. is navigable for 
large vessels 15 ms. from the ocean to Damaris- 
cotta bridge, where is a v. There are in the t. 
5 stores, cap. $10,000; 2 commercial houses, cap. 
$220,000; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tanne- 
ries, 2 flouring m., 2 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac $3,600. 1 acad. 70 students, 10 sch. 662 
scholars. Pop. 1,712. 

New Castle, ]>t., Westchester co., N. Y., 128 
s. Albany, 270 W. The surface is hilly; soil, 
gravel, clay, and sandy loam. Drained by Cro- 
ton and Sawmill rivers. It has 4 sch. 105 scho- 
lars. Pop. 1,529. 

New Castle, t., Rockingham co., N. H. It 
consists of an island in Portsmouth harbor, con- 
taining 458 acres. The surface is rough and 
rocky, but the soil, where it is accessible, is fer- 
tile. Incorporated in 1693. It is connected with 
Portsmouth by a handsome bridge, and on the \. 
E. point are a light-house and Fort Constitution. 
It contain.s an ancient Congregational church. It 
has 1 grist m., 2 sch. 125 scholars. Pop. 742. 

New Castle, p-b., Neshannock t., Mercer co., 
Pa., 234 w. N. w. Harri.sbuig, 275 W. Situated 
at the confluence of Shenango and Neshannock 
creeks. Incorporated in 1825. It contains 4 
churches, 1 female seminary ; 12 stores, cap. 
$41,933; 1 flouring m., 13 saw m., 1 rolling m., 
1 nail fac, 2 tanneries, 1 printing office, 1 weekly 
newspaper, and about 100 dwellings. It i.'^ con- 
nected with the Pennsylvania and Ohio canal by 
the Erie extension canal, wliich passes by it. Iron 
ore is found in the vicinity. Cap. in manufac. 
$1 1,285. 1 acad. 50 students, 3 sch. 120 scholars. 
Pop. 611. 

New Castle, p-v., capital of New Castle co., 
Del., 5 s. s. w. Wilmington, 42 n. Dover, 115 W. 
Situated on the w. bank of Delaware r., 32 s. w. 
Philadelphia. It contains a court house, jail, 
town house, market house, arsenal, 5 churches — 
1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 2 Methodist, one 
of which is colored, and 1 Roman Catholic — a 
public library of 4,000 vols., 10 stores, 193 dwell- 
ing, and 1,2U0 inhabitants. The New Castle and 
Frenchtown railroad have a large establishment 
here for the manufacture of steam engines, loco- 
motives, and other things connected with rail- 
roads, including an iron and brass foundry, &c., 
with a capital of $110,000. There are in the h. 
1 acad. 13 students, 8 sch. 354 scholars. Pop. 
2,737. Tonnage in 1840, 3,661. 

New Castle, p-v., Bottetourt co., Va., 192 w. 
by s. Richmond, 232 W. Situated in the fork of 
Craig's cr. It contains 1 Methodist church, an 
academy, 3 stores, 1 flouring m., 1 powder and oil 
m., 1 carding machine, 20 dwellings, and about 
110 inhabitants. 

New Castle, p-v., Wilkes co., N. C, 157 w. 
by N. Raleigh, 364 W. 

New Castle, p-v., Fayette co., Term., 174 w. 
s. w. Nashville, 859 W. 

New Castle, p-v., capital of Henry co., Ky., 
25 N. w. Frankfort, 567 W. 



New Castle, p-t., Coshocton co., O., 71 e. n. 
E. Columbus, 360 W. It has 6 stores, cap 
$16,300 ; 2 tanneries, 1 grist m. Cap. in manufac 
$700. 

New Castle, p-v., and capital of Henry co., 
la., 47 E. by n. Indianapolis, 534 W. Situated 
on Blue r., and contains a court house, jail, an 
academy, a public library, 3 stores, and about 40 
dwellings. 10 sch. 359 scholars. Pop. 528. 

New Chester, p-v., Strabane t., Adams co.. 
Pa., 31 s. w. Harrisburg. It contains 1 store, and 
about 30 dwellings. 

New Church, p-o., Accomac co., Va., 219 e. 
by N. Richmond, 176 W. 

New Columbia, p-v.. Union co.. Pa., 72 n. Har- 
risburg, 182 W. Situated on the w. bank of the 
w. branch of the Susquehanna r. It contains 2 
stores, and about 35 dwellings. 

New Comerstown, p-v., Oxford t., Tuscara- 
was CO., O., 93 E. N. E. Columbus, 324 W. It is 
situated on the n. bank of Tuscarawas r., and on 
the Ohio and Erie canal. 

Newcomb, t., Essex co., N. Y., 32 s. w. Eliza- 
beth, 92 N. by w. Albany. The surface is moun- 
tainous, embracing some of the high peaks of the 
Adirondack mountains. It contains several beau- 
tiful lakes, from which flow the head waters of 
the Hudson, some of which have fine falls. The 
whole scenery is wild, romantic, and grand. The 
mountains abound with iron ore of the best qual- 
ity. It has 2 forges, 1 grist m., I saw m. Cap. ii. 
manufac. $600. 1 sch. 16 scholars. Pop. 74. 

New Concord, p-o., Chatham t., Columbia co., 
N. Y., 21 s. Albany, 359 W. 

New Concord, p-v.. Union t., Muskingum co., 
O., 68 E. Columbus, 325 W. It contains an acad- 
emy, 3 stores, about 50 dwellings, and 300 inhnb- 
itanls. In the vicinity are 3 churches, a fulling 
m. and carding machine, and a grist m. 

New Concord, p-o, Callaway, Ky. 

New CUiMBERLAND, p-b., Allen t., Cumberland 
CO., Pa., 4 s. w. Harrisburg, 111 W. Situated on 
Susquehanna r., at the confluence of Yellow 
Breeches cr. Incorporated in 1831, and contains 
2 stores, cap. $10,000; 3 lumber yards, cap. 
$20,000; 1 tannery, 1 printing office, 1 weekly 
newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $2,670. Pop. 284. 

New Cumberland, p-v., Warren t., Tusca- 
rawas CO., O., 123 E. N. E. Columbus, 309 W. 
Situated on the Ohio canal, and on the E. bank 
of Conoten cr., and contains 3 stores, 20 dwellings, 
and about 125 inhabitants. 

New Derrv, p-v., Westmoreland co., Va. 

New Durha.m, p-t., Strafford co., N. H., 33 n. 
E. Concord, 514 W. The surface is uneven and 
rough; soil, moist, and well adapted to grazing. 
It has several ponds, the largest of which, 10 ms. 
in circumference, has an outlet that flows into 
Merrymeeling bay, in Winnipiseogee lake. In- 
corporated in 1762. There are in the t. 1 store, 
cap. $1,000 ; 1 tannery, 5 grist m., 4 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $3,10:). 14 sch. Pop. 1,032. 

New Durha.m, v., Bergen co., N. .1. It con- 
tains an academy, 2 stores, and 25 dwellings. 

New Echota, p-v., Cass co., Ga., 166 n. w. 
Milledgeville, 623 W. Situated on the s. side 
of Oostanaula r., immediately below the junction 
of the Coosawattee and Conasauga rivers. 

New Egypt, ]i-v.. Upper Freehold t., Mon- 
mouth CO., N. .)., 18 s. e. Trenton, 17J W. Situa- 
ted on Crosswick's cr. It contains a Methodist 
church in the vicinity, 3 stores, and valuable grist 
and saw m. 

New England Village, pv., Worcester t., 
Worcester co., Mass., 33 w. Boston, 404 W. 

New Fairfield, p-t., Fairfield co., Ct., 74 s. 
w. Hartford, 293 W. It has 4 stores, cap. $6,800 ; 



NEW 



449 



NEW 



1 tannery, 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac 
$G,3;)0. 6 sell. 164 scholars. Pop. 936. 

New Fane, t., capital of Windham co., Vt., 12 
N. w. Brattleboro, 101) s. Montpelier. Tlie sur- 
face is uneven ; soil, fertile. Chartered in 1772. 
Watered by West r. and its branches, which 
afford water power. The v., at ihe centre, con- 
tains a court hou,se, jail, a Congregational church, 
and an academy. The situation is elevated, and 
commands one of the most extensive and pictur- 
esque prospects in the state, embracing a part at 
least of 50 towns in Vt., N. H., and Mass. There 
are in the t. 6 stores, cap. $15,000; 1 fulling m., 

2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 12 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. 
in manufac. $4,559. 11 sch. 434 scholars. Pop. 
1,403. 

x\ew Fane, p-t., Niagara co., N. V., 279 w. by 
N. Alhany, 4i6 W. The surface gently inclines 
toward Lake Ontario, which bounds it on the n. ; 
•soil, sandy and argillaceous loam. Drained by 
Eighteen Mill cr. It has 5 stores, cap. .'810,800 : 1 
furnace, 1 tannery, 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 5 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $27,500. 13 sch. 519 scholars. 
l*op. 2.372. 

Newfield, p-t., York co.. Me., 80 s. w. by w. 
Augusta, 531 W". The soil is fertile, adapted to 
grain and to grazing. Incorporated in 1794. 
Drained by Little Ossipee r. It has 1 furnace, 4 
grist m., 2 saw m. ( ap. in manufac. $2,542. 
566 scholars in schools. Pop. 1,351. 

Newfield, p-t., Tompkins co., N. Y., 233 vv. 
Albany, 410 W. The surface is hilly, and in the 
centre broken ; soil, a fertile, gravelly loam. 
Drained by Cayuta cr., and the inlet of Cayuga 
lake. The v. contains 1 Presbyterian church, 3 
stores, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 clothier's works, 50 
dwellings, and about 300 inhabitants. There are 
in the t. 6 stores, cap. $12,600; 2 falling m., 2 
tanneries, 3 grist m., 26 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$52,45J. 27 sch. 1,088 scholars. Pop. 3,567. 

Newfound Lake, Grafton co., N. H., is 6 ms. 
long and 2i broad— lies in Hebron, Ale.xandria, 
Bridgewater, and Bristol, and in the latter t. has 
its outlet, which flows mto the Pemigewasset r. 

Newfoitndland, p-o., Morris co., N. J., 93 n. 
Trenton, 259 W. Here is a Presbyterian church. 

New Frankfort, p-v., Scott co., la., 81 s. by 
E. Indianapolis, 585 W. 

New Franki.in, p-v., Paris t., Stark co., O., 
140 N. E. ColiHTibus, 298 W. It contains 2 stores, 
25 dwellings, and about 150 inhabitants. It is on 
the line of the Sandy and Beaver canal. 

New Franklin, p-v., Carroll co., la., 75 n. .\. 
w. Indianapolis, 637 W. 

New Garden, p-t., Chester co., Pa., 32 s. w. 



Philadelphia, 74 e. s. e. Harrisburg. 104 W. The 
surface is level ; soil, calcareous loam. Drained 
by Red Clay and White Clay creeks. In the 
centre is a church. It has 5 stores, cap. $13,000 ; 
2 cotton fac. 3, 166 sp., 1 tannery, 1 flouring m., 3 
grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4^,050. 6 
sch. 150 scholars. Pop. 1,411. 

New Garden, p-o., Russell co., Va. 

New Garden, p-v., Guilford co., N. C, 98 w. 
N. w. Raleigh, 319 W. 

New Garden, p-v., Hanover t., Columbiana 
CO., O., 150 N. E. by e. Columbus, 238 W. 

New Garden, p-t., Wayne co., la., 78 e. In- 
dianapolis, 507 W. Pop. 1,890. 

New Geneva, p-v., Springfield t., Fayrtte co., 
Pa., 196 w. by s. Ilarrisburg, 212 W. Situated 
on Monongahela r., at the junction of George cr. 
It contains 1 church, 4 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw 
m., 65 dwellings, and about 400 inhabitants. 

New Germantown, p-v., Tewkesbury t., Hun- 
terdon CO., N. J., 44 N. by w. Trenton, 219 W. 
It contains 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Luther- 
an, and 1 Methodist — an academy, 3 stores, about 

40 dwellings, and 250 inhabitants. 

New Germantown, p-v., Toboyne t.. Perry 
CO., Pa., 46 w. Harrisburg, 134 W. It contains 2 
German churches, 2 stores, 25 dwellings, and 
about 150 inhabitants. 

New Gilead, p-v.. Moose co., N. C, 101 s. w. 
Raleigh, 3iA W. 

New Glasgow, p-v., Amlierst co., Va., 119 w. 
Richmond, 171 W. It has an elevated situation, 
anr" contains 1 free church, an academy, 4 stores, 
1 tannery, and about 25 dwellings. 

New Glocester, p-t., Cumberland co.. Me., 

41 s. w. Augusta, 567 W. Watered by Royal's 
r., which affords water power. The soil is fer- 
tile, particularly on the streams, where are e.ic- 
tensive intervales. It contains 5 stores, capital 
$4,8^0 ; 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $7,825. 12 sch. 729 scholars. Pop. 1,946. 

New Grayson, p-o., Grayson co., Va., 260 w. 
s. w. Richmond, 345 W. 

New Guilford, p-v., Perry t., Coshocton co., 
O., 67 N. e. Columbus, 356 W. 

New Hackensack, p-o., Fishldll t., Dutchess 
CO., N. Y., 79 s. Albany, 306 W. 

New Hagerstown, p-v.. Orange t., Carroll 
CO., O., 114 E. N. E. Columbus, 300 W. It con- 
tains 1 church, 3 stores, 1 warehouse, 40 dwell- 
ings, and about 250 inhabitants. 

New Hamburg, p-v., Poughkeepsie t., Dutch- 
ess CO., N. Y. Situated on Hudson r., near the 
mouth of Wappinger's cr. A ferry here crosses 
to Hampton. 



NEW HAMPSHIRE. 



New Hampshire, one of the northern United States, is bounded n. by Lower Canada ; e. by 
Maine ; s. e. by the Atlantic, and s. by Massachusetts ; and w. by Vermont, from which it is sep- 
arated by tlie western bank of Connecticut r. It is between 42° 41' and 45° 11' n. lat., and 70° 40' 
and 72° 28' w. Ion. It is 160 miles long, and from 19 to 90 broad, containing 9,230 square miles, or 
5,939,200 acres. The population, in 1790, was 141,885; in 1800, 13-i,853 ; in 1310,214,460; in 
1820, 244,161 ; in 1830, 269,3iS ; in 1840, 284,574. Of these, 139,001 are free white males ; 145,032 
do. females ; 248 free colored males ; 290 do. females. Engaged in agriculture, 77,919 ; in com- 
merce, 1,379 ; in manufactures and trades, 17,826 ; navigating the ocean, 455 ; do. lakes and rivers, 
198; learned professions, 1,640. 

Concord is the seat of government, situated on the Merrimac r., 63 ms. n. n. w. froin Boston, with 
which it has a boatable communication, by means of the river and the Middlesex canal. 

The state is divided into 10 counties, which, with their population and capitals, are as follows ■ 
Rockingham, 45,771, Portsmouth and Exeter; Merri.-\iac, 36,253, Concord; Hillsborough. 
42,494, Amherst ; Cheshire, 26,429, Keene; Sullivan, 20,340, Newport; Strafford, 23,166, 

57 



NEW 450 NEW 

Dover and Rochester ; Belknap, 17,983, Guilford; Carroll, 19,973, Ossipee ; Grafton, 42,311, 
Haverhill and Plymouth ; Coos, 9,849, Lancaster. These contain about 323 townships. 

New Hampshire has only 18 ms. of seacoast, and the shore is generally a sandy beach, bordered 
in front by salt marshes, and penetrated by creeks and coves, suitable for harbors for small craft 
There are only two bluffs on the coast, Great and Little Boar's Heads, both in the town of Hamp- 
ton. Portsmouth, at the entrance of the Piscatariiia, is the only liarbor for ships, and it is one of 
the best in the United States. The land, for the distance of 20 or 30 miles from the sea, is either 
level or moderately uneven. Beyond that, more elevated hills are found ; and toward the north- 
ern part, the country may be considered mountainous, having many elevated summits, some of 
which are the highest in the United States east of the Rocky mountains. The principal chain 
commences between the Connecticut and Merrimac rivers, and passes n. of the sources of the 
Merrimac. This may be considered as a continuation of the great Alleghany range. The highest 
summits are Grand Monadnock, toward the s. w. part of the state, 3,254 feet above the level of the 
sea ; Sunapee mountain, near Sunapee lake ; and further n., Moosehillock, 4,636 feet high ; and 
still further n., the White mountains tower in majestic grandeur to the height of 6,428 feet, the 
most elevated summit being denominated Mount Washington. The Notch, in the White moun- 
tams, is a great curiosity, being in some places not more than 22 feet wide, with lofty precipices 
on both sides, affording some of the wildest and grandest scenery in nature. A road passes through 
this Notch, being the only place in which it can be passed. Through this road the produce in the 
N. part of New Hampshire, and the n. e. part of Vermont, finds a market at Portland ; and so im- 
portant is this communication considered by Maine, that its legislature has sometimes made grants 
for its improvement. One of the head branches of the Saco r. flows through the Notch. 

New Ilampshire may be considered as a fertile state, particularly on the margins of the rivers, 
and especially of the Connecticut. The elevated parts afford a fine grazing country, and the val- 
leys are productive. The principal productions are grass, wheat, rye, Indian corn ; and beef, pork, 
mutton, and butter and cheese, are produced in great quantities. According to the census of 1840, 
there were in New Hampshire 43,892 horses and mules; 275,562 neat cattle; 617,390 sheep; 
121,671 swine. Value of poultry produced, $107,092. There were produced 422,124 bushels of 
wheat; 121,899 of barley ; 1,296,114 of oats ; 308,148 of rye ; 105,103 of buckwheat; 1,162,572 of 
Indian corn; 1,260,517 pounds of wool ; 213,425 pounds of hops; 6,206,606 bushels of potatoes; 
496,107 tons of hay ; 26i of hemp and flax ; 1,162,36S pounds of sugar. The products of the dairy 
were $1,633,543; of the orchard, $239,973; of lumber, $433,217. 

The Merrimac river is made navigable by dams, locks, and canals, from Concord until it meets 
the Middlesex canal. By this route much of the produce of the southern part of the state finds a 
market at Boston. In the western part of the state, much of it goes down Connecticut river to 
Hartford. In the upper counties the market is extensively at Portland, Me. Portsmouth is the 
most commercial place in the state. The principal articles of export are lumber, fish, beef, pork, 
horses, neat cattle, sheep, flax seed, and pot and pearl ashes. 

The climate of New Hampshire is subject to great extremes of heat and cold, but the air is gen- 
erally salubrious. In the month of November the rivers are generally frozen, and the snow usually 
lies until April, and in the northern and mountainous parts until May. 

The largest rivers in this state are the Connecticut, made boatable to the 15 mile falls, at Bath, 
N. H., 250 ms. above Hartford, Ct. ; the Merrimac, boatable to Concord. The Saco, the Andros- 
coggin, and the Piscataqua, rise and run, in part, in this state. The other rivers are the Upper and 
Lower Ammonoosuc, Sugar, Ashuelot, Contoocook, Maragallaway, and Nashua. By means of 
the Piscataqua, a sloop navigation is opened to Newmarket, Durham, and Exeter. 

The lakes are numerous and picturesque. Lake Wiimipiseogee, near the centre of the state, 
23 miles long, and from 2 to 10 broad ; Umbagog, wliich lies partly in Maine ; Ossipee, Sunapee, 
Squam, and Newfound, are the principal. 

The harbor of Portsmouth is one of the finest in the world, protected from storms, has 40 feet of 
water at low tide, is easily defended, and easily accessible for the largest ships. This is the great- 
est commercial place in the state. The other principal towns are Dover, Concord, Nashua, Keene, 
Exeter, Manchester, Peterborough, Walpole, Claremont, Gilmanton, Meredith, Hanover, and 
Haverhill. 

The exports for the year ending September, 1840, amounted to $20,761 ; and the imports to 
$114,647. There were 18 commercial and 6 commission houses engaged in foreign trade, with a 
capital of $1,33J,600; 1,075 retail drygoods and other stores, employing a capital of $2,602,422 ; 
117 persons engaged in internal transportation, who, with 33 butchers, packers, &c., employed a 
capital of $54,120; 626 persons employed in the lumber trade, with a capital of $29,000 ; 399 per- 
sons employed in the fisheries, with a capital of $59,680. 

There were in 1840, home-made, or family goods, manufactured to the amount of $533,303. 
There were 66 woollen manufactories, and 152 fulling mills, employing 893 persons, producing 
goods to the amount of $795,784, with a capital of $740,345 ; 58 cotton manufactories, with 195,173 



NEW 451 NEW 

spindles, employing 6,991 persons, producing goods to the value of $4,142,301, and employing a 
capital of S5:523,'200 ; 15 furnaces produced 1,320 tons of cast iron, and 2 forges 125 tons of bar iron, 
together employing 121 persons, and a capital of $93,200 ; 1 smelting house, employing 2 persons, 
produced 1,000 pounds of lead ; 13 paper manufactories produced articles to the amount of $150,600, 
and other paper manufactories to the amount of $1,500, the whole employing 111 persons, with a 
capital of $104,300; hats and caps were manufactured to the amount of $190,526, and straw bon- 
nets to the amount of $9,379, together employing 2,048 persons, and a capital of $48,852; 17 per- 
sons manufactured tobacco to the amount of $10,500, with a capital of $2,100; 251 tanneries em- 
ployed 776 persons, and a capital of $386,402 ; 2,131 other manufactories of leather, as saddleries, 
&c., produced articles to the value of $712,151, and employed a capital of $230,649; 5 distilleries 
produced 51,244 gallons, 1 brewery 3,000 do., together employing 7 persons, and a capital of $15,9J8 ; 
3 glass houses employed 85 persons, producing to the amount of $47,000, with a capital of $44,000 ; 
14 potteries employed 29 persons, producing $19,100, with a capital of $6,840 ; 20 persons manu- 
factured soap to the amount of 10,900 pounds, and tallow candles to the amount of 23,815 pounds 
and spermaceti or wax candles to the amount of 50,000 pounds, with a capital of $13,550 ; 191 per 
sons produced machinery to the value of $106,814; 47 persons produced musical instruments tc 
the amount of $26,750, with a capital of $14,050; 197 persons manufactured hardware and cutlery 
to the amount of $124,460 ; 55 persons manufactured granite and marble to the amount of $21,918 ; 
236 persons manufactured bricks and lime to the amount of $63,166 ; 450 persons produced car- 
riages and wagons to the amount of $232,240, employing a capital of $114,762; 7 powder mills 
employing II persons, produced 185,000 pounds of gunpowder, with a capital of $53,000; mills of 
various kinds employed 1,296 persons, and produced articles to the value of $753,260, with a capi- 
tal of $1,149,193 ; ships were built to the amount of $78,000; the manufacture of furniture em- 
ployed 233 persons, producing articles worth $105,827, and employing a capital of $59,984. There 
were built 90 brick and 434 wood houses, employing 935 persons, valued at $470,715. There 
were 36 printing offices, 22 binderies, 27 weekly newspapers, 6 periodicals, the whole employing 
256 persons, and a capital of $110,850. The v^hole amount of capital employed in manufactures 
was $9,252,448. 

The principal literary institution in the state is Dartmouth College, in Hanover, founded in 1770 
and has attached to it a flourishing medical department. The Gilmanton Theological Seminary, at 
Gilmanton, was founded in 1835. In these institutions there were in 1840, 433 students. There 
are in the state 63 academies, with 5,799 students ; and 2,127 common and primary schools, with 
82,632 scliolars. In the state there were 942 white persons, over 20 years of age, who could nei- 
ther read nor write. 

The principal religious denominations are the Congregationalists, Baptists, and Methodists. In 
1836, the Congregationalists had 159 churches, 142 ministers, and 18,982 communicants ; the Bap- 
tists had 90 churches, 64 ordained ministers, and 6,505 communicants. The Free-will Baptists had 
100 congregations, and 81 ministers. The 3Iethodists had 75 ministers. Besides these, there are 
Presbyterians, Unitarians, Universalists, Episcopalians, some Roman Catholics, and 2 societies of 
Shakers. 

In June, 1839, there were in the state 28 banks, with an aggregate capital of $2,939,508, having 
a circulation of $1,439,519. This is one of the few states that has no public debt. 

There is a state prison at Concord. 

A constitution was formed in 1784, and in 1792 this constitution was altered and amended to its 
present form. The legislature, consisting of a seriate and house of representatives, is styled the 
General Court of New Hampshire. Every town, or incorporated township, having 150 ratable 
polls, may send one representative ; and for every 300 additional polls is entitled to an additional 
representative. The senate consists of 12 members, chosen by the people in di.stricts. The exec- 
utive power is vested in a governor and a council of five members. The governor, council, sena- 
tors, and representatives, are all elected annually by the people on the second Tuesday in March, 
and their term of service commences on the first Wednesday in June. The General Court meets 
annually, at Concord, on the first Wednesday in June. Every male inhabitant, of 21 years of age, 
enjoys the right of suffrage, excepting paupers, and persons excused from paying taxes at their own 
request. The judiciary power is vested in a supreme court and a court of common pleas. The 
•udges are appointed by the governor and council, and hold their offices during good behavior, but 
not beyond the age of 70 years. 

The internal improvements of this state relate chiefly to the improvement of the Merrimac river, 
by dams, locks, and short canals. They are — Bow falls, 3 miles below Concord, J of a mile long; 
Hookset falls, one eighth of a mile ; Amoskeag falls, 1 mile ; Union falls, 9 miles ; and Sewell's 
falls, i of a mile. The Eastern railroad extends from Massachusetts line to Portsmouth, 15? miles; 
the Nashua and Lowel railroad, from Nashua, N. H., to Lowell, Mass., incorporated in 1836. The 
Boston and Maine railroad extends from Massachusetts line to Exeter, 14 miles. 

New Hampshire was first granted to Ferdinando Gorges, in 1622, and was first settled at Dover 



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452 



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and Poitsmoulh in 1623. It came voluntarily under tlie jurisdiction of Massachusetts in 1641, but 
was made a separate province, by an act of Charles II., in 1679. It was several times afterwards 
connected with Massachusetts, until 1741, since which time it has remained a separate state. 



New Hampton, p-t., Belknap co., N. H., 29 n. 
w. Concord, 510 W. Pemigewasset r. washes its 
w. boundary, and across it is a bridge to Bristol. 
The surface is uneven and broken; soil, very 
fertile. Incorporated in 1777. It contains a flour- 
ishing academy. It has 4 stores, cap. §S,2J0 ; 2 
fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 5 cotton fac. 22,699 sp., 
4 tanneries, 3 grist m., 5 saw m., 1 acad. 363 stu- 
dent.s, i6 sch. 717 scholars. Pop. 1,809. 

New Hampton, p-v., Lebanon t., Hunterdon 
CO., N. J., 47 N. Trenton, 204 W. Situated on 
the s. side of Musconetcong cr. It contains 2 
stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., and about 25 dwell- 
ings. 

New Hanover., county, N. C. Situated in 
the s. E. part of the state, bounded s. e. by the 
Atlantic, and contains 9j5 i-q. ms. Drained by 
the N. e. branch of Cape Fear r. and its tributa- 
ries. A large swamp lies in its E. part. Along 
the Atlantic shore are long, low, and narrow isl- 
ands, with occasional inlets. Capital, Wilming- 
ton. 'I'hcre were in 1S40, neat cattle 11,6/5, 
sheep 4,789, swine 24,859 ; wheat 46J bush, pro- 
duced, Ind. corn 200,423, buckwheat 18, potatoes 
114,014, rice 1,467,600 pounds, cotton 2S,566 ; 2 
commercial and 11 comrriission houses, capital 
$100,000 ; 58 stores, cap. $322,140; 1 tannery, 2 
distilleries, 49 grist m., 22 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 
printing offices, 2 v^'eekly newspapers. Cap. in 
manuliic. $305,535. 6 acad. 216 students, 10 sch. 
223 scholars. Pop. whites 6,371, slaves 6,376, 
free col'd 565 ; total, 13,312. 

New PlANOVEii, p-t., Montgomery co., Pa., 74 
E. Harrisburg, 150 W. The suriace is hilly ; soil, 
loam and red shale, tolerably productive. Drained 
by Swamp creek, on which is a small v., with 2 
churches. The population is chiefly German. It 
has 1 store, cap. $2,000 ; 2 tanneries, 1 pottery, 4 
grist m., 5 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufactures 
$6,575. Pop. 1,419. 

New Harmonv, p-v., Monroe co., Ky., 143 s. 
s. w. Frankfort, 656 W. 

New Harmony, p-v., Posey co., la., 172 s. w. 
Indianapolis, 742 \V. It was founded in 1814 
by a society of Germans, from Swabia, called 
"Harmonists," who removed from Butler co.. Pa., 
under George Rapp. Their society was founded 
on a community of goods ; but the climate proving 
unfavorable, they returned to Pa., and settled at 
Economy, Ohio t., Beaver co., 18 miles below 
Pittsburgh, on the Ohio r. (See Economy.) 

New Harrisburg, p-v., Carroll co., C, 130 E. 
N. E. Columbus, 301 W. 

New Hartford, p-t., Litchfield co., Ct., 20 w. 
by n. Hartford, 344 W. The surface is hilly and 
mountainous ; soil, a gravelly loam, or a coarse 
gravel, abounding with stones, adapted to grazing. 
Watered by Farmington r. It has 2 villages, and 
contains 3 churches — 2 Congregational and 1 
Baptist. The villages are on Farmmgton r., and 
each contains about 30 dwellings, and several 
mills and manufactories. It has 6 stores, capital 
$18,000; 2 furnaces, 4 fulling m., 1 woollen iac, 
1 tannery, 2 paper m., 3 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $361,350. 2 acad. 61 students, 11 
sch. 424 scholars. Pop. 1,703. 

New Hartford, p-t., Oneida co., N. Y., 4 w. 
Utica, 95 w. n. w. Albany, 384 W. The sur- 
face is diversified with gently rising hills, and 
beautiful valleys, productive and well cultivated. 
The soil is a rich calcareous loam. Drained by 
Sadaquada cr., a line mill stream. The v. is 



situated on this cr., and contains 4 churches — 1 
Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Methodist, and 1 
Universalist — a female seminary, 6 stores, 3 cot- 
ton fac, 1 grist m., 1 trip-hammer works, 1 bleach- 
ing and dyeing establishment, 100 dwellings, and 
about 800 inhabitants. There are in the t. 13 
stores, cap. $3J,850 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 
5 cotton lac. 14,164 sp., 1 tannery, 1 paper iac, 
3 grist m, 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $361,732. 
18 sch. 960 scholars. Pop. 3,819. 

New Hartford, p-v., Pike co.. III., 76 w. by 
s. Springfield, 856 W. 

New Hartford Centre, p-v.. New Hart- 
ford t., Litchfield co., Ct., 18 w. by n. Hartford, 
341 W. It contains a Baptist church and several 
factories. 

New Haven, county, Ct. Situated in the s. 
part of the state, and contains 540 sq. ms. Long 
Island sound bounds it on the s. Housatonic r. 
runs on its s. w. border, and separates it from 
Fairfield co. The surface is generally uneven. 
Two mountain ranges terminate at East Rock 
and West Rock, near New Haven. The soil is 
various, much of it a light sandy loam, but some 
of it strong and fertile. Drained by Naugatuck, 
Quinnipiac, Pomperaug, West, 3Iill, and Me- 
nunkatuck rivers. Capital, New Haven. There 
were in 1810, neat cattle 31,627, sheep 41,392, 
swine 17,234 ; wheat 7,032 bush, produced, rye 
129,391, Ind. corn 231,548, buckwheat 30,031, 
barley 2,731, oats 167,640, potatoes 481,941, 
sugar 1,261 pounds; 6 commercial and 2 com. 
houses in for. trade, cap. $132,0G0 ; 342 stores, 
cap. $1,223,745 ; 14 lumberyards, cap. $149,000 ; 
3 rope fac, 26 fulling m., 14 woollen fac, 4 cot- 
ton lac 3,358 sp., 27 tanneries, 22 distilleries, 1 
pottery, 2 flouring m., 48 grist m., 93 saw m., 3 
paper fac, 9 printing offices, 5 binderies, 4 pe- 
riodicals, 2 daily, 5 weekly, 2 tri-weekly news- 
papers. Cap. in manufac..$2,545,679. 1 college, 
561 students, 32 acad. 1,030 students, 242 sch. 
9,339 scholars. Pop. 48,619. 

New Haven, p-t., Addison co., Vt., 60 w. 
M(mtpelier, 4S9 W. The surface is motlerately 
uneven ; soil, marl, clay, and loam, and fertile. 
Watered by Otter creek, Middlebury r., and Little 
Otter cr., which afford good water power. It 
contains a small v. in which is a Congregational 
church. Chartered in 1761. It has 3 stores, 
cap. $19,000 ; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tan- 
neries, 1 pottery, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac $19,800. 12 sch. 630 scholars. Pop. 
1,503. 

New Haven, a city and seaport, capital of 
N. Haven co., and semi-capital of Connecticut, 
lies round the head of a bay which sets up 4 
miles from Long Island sound, and is in 41° 18' 
N. lat., and 72'^ 56' w. Ion. from Greenwich, and 
3*^ 53' E. Ion. from W. It is 36 miles s. by w. 
from Hartford, 52 w. from New London, 76 n. e. 
from New York, 134 w. s. w. from Boston, and 300 
from W. The population of the city in 1810 
was .5,772; in 1820, 7,147; in 1830, 10,180; in 
1840, 12,900. Of these 474 were employed in 
commerce ; 1,653 in manufactures and trades ; 
306 in navigating the ocean, rivers, &c. ; 245 in 
learned professions. 

The city is on a beautiful plain, with a slight 
inclination toward the water, and skirted in other 
directions by an amphitheatre of hills, two of 
which consist of bold rocky eminences, called 
East and West rock, which present Ironts nearly 



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perpendicular, from 330 to 370 feet high. The 
tops of these 2 elevations afford beautiful views, 
not only of the city and the surrounding country, 
but of Long Island sound, terminated by the 
island fading in the distance. Two small rivers. 
West river on the west, and Quinnipiac on the 
east, bound this plain. The city extends about 
3 miles from e. to w., and 2 Irom s. to n. It is 
laid out with great regularity, and consists of 2 
parts, the old town, and the new township. The 
old town was laid out in the form of a square, 
half a mile on a side, divided into 9 smaller 
squares, each 52 rods on a side, separated by 
.streets 4 rods in width. The squares have 
generally been divided into 4 parts, by streets 
intersecting them. The central square was re- 
served for public purposes, and is divided into 2 
parts by Temple-street. The eastern half of 
this square is unoccupied by buildings, but orna- 
mented by lofty trees. On the square on the 
w. side of Temple-streot are 3 elegant churches 
— 2 Congregational, of brick, and 1 Episcopal, of 
stone, the latter of Gothic architecture, and a 
finer row of churches are nowhere found in the 
United States. A little to the west of Temple- 
.street, on the western half of the square, is the 
state house, a large and splendid edifice, of 
Grecian architecttire, built of brick. On the n. 
E. corner of the square is the Methodist church, 
a plain building of brick. On the w. side of the 
square, and fronting toward the e., is the fine 
row of buildings belonging to Yale College, of 
very commanding appearance, with handsome 
trees in front. The whole square, with its 
fine public buildings, and its lofty and graceful 
elms, presents an assemblage of beauty unsur- 
passed by any public ground of any city in the 
country. The houses of the city are generally 
built of wood, and neatly painted, and surroimd- 
ed by court yards and gardens, ornamented by 
shrubbery and fruit trees ; but many of the 
houses recently built are of brick, and construct- 
ed generally with elegance and taste. The whole 
city has a quiet and rural aspect, scarcely else- 
where to be found in so large a place. The new 
township is regularly laid out and finely built, 
and has a fine public ground called Wooster 
square, containing 5 acres. At the n. e. corner 
of the old town is the public cemetery, contain- 
ing over 17 acres, intersected by avenues and 
alleys at right angles with each other, and divi- 
ded into family lots, 32 feet in letigth and 18 
feet broad. All the avenues and alleys are bor- 
dered by railings painted white, with the names 
of the owners of the lots inscribed on them. The 
cemetery contains many elerant monuments, 
and is beautifully ornamented by shrubbery, 
and deservedly attracts much public attention. 

The city contains about 6 square miles ; the 
whole township contains 8 ; and a small village 
called Westville, at the foot of West Rock on the 
w., and about half of the village of I'airhaven on 
the E., are within the town, but not within the 
city limits. 

The harbor of New Haven is safe but shallow, 
and gradually filling up with mud. It has about 
7 feet of water on the bar at low tide, and the 
common tides rise to 6 feet, and the spring tides 
about 7 or 8 feet. Long wharf is 3,y43 feet in 
length, the longest in the United States. There 
is a less depth of water at its termination now, 
than there was in 1763, when it was only 20 
rods long. There is another wharf which has a 
basin, in which, by means of flood gates, the 
water is always kept at the elevation of high 
tide. The maritime commerce of New Haven 
is more extensive than that of any other city in 



Connecticut, its foreign and coasting trade being 
both considerable. The sealing business, con- 
nected with the China trade, formerly brought 
considerable wealth into the city. At present 
its foreign trade is chiefly with the West Indies. 
The tonnage of the port in 1840, was 11,500. A 
line of steamboats connects this city with New 
York, and also several lines of packets. The 
Farmington canal connects this place with North- 
ampton, Mass., and Connecticut river near it; 
and a railroad connects it with Hartford. The 
town contains 20 houses of public worship, viz : 
9 Congregational, 3 Methodist, 3 Episcopal, 2 
Baptist, 1 Catholic, 2 colored ^lethodist, 1 color- 
ed Congregational. There are also a custom 
house, an almshouse, a jail, a museum, 4 banks, 
and a savings institution, various benevolent so- 
cieties, the Young Men's Institute, and an in- 
stituticm for popular lectures, with one of the 
best selected libraries in the Union. The 
State Hospital, founded in 1832, is about half 
a mile s. w. from the centre of the city, and has 
a fine edifice with a colonnade. But the most 
important public institution in the city is Yale 
College, one of the oldest and most extensive in- 
stitutions of the kind in the United States. With- 
out large funds, it has accomplished great things. 
It was founded in 1701, originally at Killingworth. 
It was removed to Saybrook in 1707, and to 
New Haven in 1717. There are 4 college halls 
100 feet by 40, 4 stories high, containing 32 
rooms each for students ; and n. of these is another 
hall devoted to the use of the theological stu- 
dents ; there is a chapel, in which is one story 
appropriated to religious worship, and one to the 
college library ; and two other buildings, called 
the Athenffium, and the Lyceum, appropriated to 
recitation and lecture rooms, rooms for the pro- 
fessors, and for the libraries of the literary so- 
cieties. These are all of brick ; and the build- 
ings intermediate between the college halls, 
have neat cupolas : one of which is after the 
modelof the Temple of the Winds, fitted up for the 
use of a splendid telescope. In the rear of these 
is another range of buildings, consisting of the 
chemical laboratory ; the commons hall in the 
second story, of which is a spacious apartment 
devoted to the most splendid mineralogical cab- 
inet in the United States, containing more than 
16,000 specimens, many of them rare ; and a stone 
building stuccoed, and containing a splendid col- 
lection of paintings by Col. Trumbull and others. 
A short distance from these are the buildings de- 
voted to the law and medical departments, the 
latter of which has an anatomical museum and 
a library. Y'ale College has more students, and 
has educated more men than any other college 
in the country. In 1S41, the officers were 3J in 
number. Of these, besides the president, 17 
were professors, and the remainder were tutors 
or subordinate officers: 15 are connected with 
the college proper. The whole number of stu- 
dents of all descriptions was 550. Of these 410 
were undergraduates; 59 theological students; 
31 law ; 47 medical : and 3 resident graduates. 
The whole number of graduates is over 5,000, of 
whom nearly 1,400 were ministers. The num- 
ber of volumes in the various libraries is 33,000, 
among which are many old and rare, as well as 
many splendid modern works. The commence- 
ment is on the third Wednesday in August. 

New Haven has many subordinate seminaries, 
both male and female, of high reputation. There 
were in 1842, 11 select schools for males, 1 ex- 
cellent Lancasterian school for boys, 1 do. for 
girls, and 10 female seminaries, besides several 
district or common schools of less note. 



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454 



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Tlie manufactures of New Haven are numer- 
ous and extensive. There were in 1840, 6 for. 
commercial and 2 commission houses, with a 
cap. of $1J2,000 ; 201 retail stores, with a cap, of 
$867,600; 10 lumber yards, cap. §126,000; ma- 
chinery produced, valued at $50,000 ; hardware 
and cutlery, $81,500 ; 1 woollen fac, cap. $20,000 ; 
5 tanneries, cap. $50,000 ; 1 pottery, cap. $3,000 ; 
1 ropevvalk, cap. $2,000 ; carriages to the amount 
of .$234,031 ; 9 printing offices, 5 binderies, 2 
daily, 5 weeldy, 2 tri-weekly newspapers, and 
4 periodicals, cap. $131,300. Total capital in 
manufac. $921,200. 1 college, 561 students, 13 
acad. 3S5 students, 27 sch. 1,1 19 scholars. 

New Haven was first settled in 1633 by a 
colony under Theophilus Eaton, the first gov- 
ernor, and John Davenport, the first minister, 
whom Cotton Mather denominated the " Moses 
and Aaron" of the settlement. In 1665, this 
colony was united by a royal charter to Con- 
necticut. In 1784, New Haven was chartered 
as a city. In July, 1779, the city wps invaded 
and plundered by about 3,000 British troops 
from New York, under Generals Tryon and 
Garth, after a feeble opposition on the part of 
the inhabitants. 

New Haven, p-t, Oswego co., N. Y., 10 e. 
Oswego, 161 w. N. w. Albany, 383 W. The 
surface is undulating ; soil, sandy loam, adapted 
to grass, and very productive. Drained by Cat- 
fish or., flowing into Lake Ontario, which bounds 
it on the n. The v. i.s situated on the cr., and 
contains 2 churches, 3 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw 
m., 1 clothier's works, and about 200 inliabitants. 
There are in the t. 1 store, cap. $3,350 ; 1 tan- 
nery, 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$5,300. 10 sch. 605 scholars. Population, 1,738. 

New Haven, p-v., Nelson co., Ky., 63 s. w. 
Frankfort, 610 W. 

New Haven, p-t., Huron co., O., 82 n. Co- 
lumbus, 394 W. The v. contains 6 stores, and 
several manufacturing establishments. There 
are in the t. 6 sch. 282 scholars. Pop. 1,270. ■ 

New Haven, p-o., Macomb co., Mich., 25 n. 
E. Detroit, 549 W. 

New Haven, p-v., Gallatin co.. El., 197 s. s. 
E. Springfield, 765 W. Situated on Little Wa- 
bash r., 2 ms. from its mouth, and contains 
-several stores, 1 flouring ra., 1 saw m., and about 
20 dwellings. 

New Haven Mills, p-v., New Haven t., Ad- 
dison CO., Vt., 54 vv. s. w. Montpelier, 486 W. 

New Holland, p-v.. Earl t., Lancaster co., Pa., 
49 E. by s. Harrisburg, 123 W. It contains 1 
church, 1 store, and about 30 dwellings. 

New Holland, p-v.. Perry t., Pickaway co., 
O., 43 s. Columbus, 413 VV. 

New Hope, p-b., Solebury t., Bucks co.. Pa., 
ilO E. by N. Harrisburg. Situated on Delaware 
r., opposite to Lambertsville, N. J. It contains 



6 stores, cap. $41,000; 1 lumber yard, cap. 
$15,000; 2 cotton fac. 7,000 sp., 2 flouring m., 1 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $23,800. 1 acad. 50 
students, 2 sch. 100 scholars. Pop. 820. Here 
is a fine covered bridge across the Delaware, 
supported on 9 piers, built by a company with 
a cap. of .$160,000, who have, by their charter, 
banking privileges. 

New Hope, p-v., Augusta co., Va., 130 w. n. 
w, Richmond, 149 W. It contains 1 church, 
free to all denominations, 3 stores, and about 50 
inhabitants. 

New Hope, p-v., Iredell co., N. C, 163 w. 
Raleigh, 374 W. It contains a Methodist church, 
and about 30 inhabitants. 

New Hope, p-v., Spartanburg dist., S. C, 110 
N. w. Columbia, 483 W. j 

New Hope, p-v., Madison co., Ala., 146 ft. n. 
E. Tuscaloosa, 713 W. 

New Hope, p-v., Scott t, Brown co., O., 99 
s. w. Columbus, 466 W. Situated on the E. 
bank of White Oak cr., and contains 3 stores, 1 
flouring m., 1 saw m. in the vicinity, and about 
80 inhabitants. 

New Hope, p-v., Lincoln co.. Mo. 

New Hudson, t., Alleghany co., N. Y., 14 w. 
Angelica, 270 w. s. w. Albany. The surface is 
elevated and undulating ; soil, well adapted to 
gra.ss. Drained by Black cr. It has 3 stores, 
cap. $1,700 : 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,700. 
2 sch. 44 scholars. Pop. 1,502. 

New Hurlv, p-v., Shawangunk t., Ulster 
CO., N. Y., 83 s. w. Albany, 300 W. It contains 

I church, 2 stores, and about 20 dwellings, not 
very compact. 

New Iberia, p-v., St. Martin's par., La., 170 
w. New Orleans, 1,289 W. Situated on the w. 
sideofTeche r., slightly elevated, and contains 
about 259 inhabitants. 

Newington, p-t., Rockingham co., N. H., 40 
E. s. E. Concord, 496 W. The soil is sandy and 
unproductive, excepting on the streams. A 
bridge 2,600 feet long connects it with Durham. 
Chartered in 1764. It has 1 tannery, 1 sch. 140 
scholars. Pop. 543. 

Newington, p-v., Wethersfield t., Hartford 
CO., Ct., 6 s. Hartford, 330 W. It is a fine agri- 
cultural parish. The v. contains 1 Congregation- 
al and 1 Methodist church, an academy, and about 
650 inhabitants. 

New Ipswich, p-t., Hillsboro' co., N. H., 47 
s. .s. w. Concord, 447 W. The soil is fertile, 
adapted to grass, and some kinds of grain. Wa- 
tered by Souhegan r. and its branches. Over 
one of these branches is a fine stone bridge of a 
single arch, 156 feet long, and 42 feet above the 
water. It has 4 stores, cap. $12,200; 3 cotton 
fac. 3,600 sp., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 6 saw mills. 
Cap. in manufac. $61,800. 1 acad. 186 students, 

II sch. 423 scholars. Pop. 1,578. 



NEW JERSEY. 

New Jersey, one of the middle United States, is bounded n. by New York ; e. by the Hudson 
and the Atlantic ; s. by the Atlantic ; and w. by Delaware bay and river, which separates it from 
the states of Delaware and Pennsylvania. It is between 39° and 41° 24' N. lat., and between 74° 
and 75° 29' w. Ion., and between 1° 26' and 3° 9' E. Ion. from W. It is 163 ms. long and 52 broad, 
containing 8,320 square miles, or 5,324,000 acres. The population in 1790 was 184,189; in 1800, 
211,149; in 1810, 245,592; in 1820, 277,575; in 1830, 320,779; in 1840, 373,306. Of these 177,055 
were white males; 174,533 do. females; 10,783 were free colored males; 10,264 do. females; 
303 male, and 371 female slaves. Employed in mining, 266; agriculture, 56,701 ; commerce, 2,283, 
manufactures and trades. 27,004 ; navigating the ocean, 1,143; do. canals, lakes, and rivers, 1,625 ; 
learned professions, &c., 1,627. 

The state is divided into 18 counties, which, with their population in 1840, and their capitals, are 



NEW 455 NEW 

as follows : Atlantic, 8,726, May's Landing ; Bergen, 13,223, Hackensack ; Burlington, 32,831, 
Mount Holly ; Cape May, 5,324, Cape May C. H. ; Cumberland, 14,374, Bridgetown ; Essex, 
44,621, Newark ; Gloucester, 25,438, Woodbury; Hudson, 9,483, North Bergen ; Hunterdon, 
24,789, Flemington ; Mercer, 21,502, Trenton; Middlesex, 21,893, New Brunswick; Mon- 
mouth, 3i,909, Freehold ; Morris, 25,844, Morristown ; Passaic, 16,734, Patterson ; Salem, 16,024, 
Salem ; Somerset, 17,455, Somerville ; Warren, 20,366, Belvidere ; Sussex 21,770, Newton. 

The seat of government is Trenton, at the head of sloop navigation on the Delaware, 30 miles 
above Philadelphia. 

The northern part of this state is mountainous, being crossed by a branch of the Alleghany ridt^e ; 
the middle portion of the state is agreeably diversified by hills and valleys ; while the southern 
part is level and sandy. This portion of the state is to a great extent barren, as the natural growth 
of the soil is little else but shrub oaks and yellow pines. It is susceptible of being made very pro- 
ductive by the use of marl, which is extensively found. The remainder of the state has a good 
soil, well adapted to grazing, and producing wheat, rye, Indian corn, buckwheat, potatoes, oats, 
and barley. Apples, pears, peaches, plums, and cherries, are produced in great perfection and 
abundance. In the mountainous parts, the finest cattle are raised, and large quantities of butter 
and cheese are produced. The produce of this state finds a market in New York and Philadel- 
phia, on its eastern and western borders. Its exports are wheat, flour, horses, cattle, hams, tidcr, 
lumber, flax seed, leather, and iron. There were in this state in 1840, 70,502 horses and mules ; 
220,202 neat cattle ; 219,28.) sheep ; 261,443 swine. There was produced poultry to the value of 
$336,953. There were produced 774,203 bushels of wheat; 12,501 of barley; 3,083,524 of oats ; 
1,665,820 of rye; 855, 117 of buckwheat; 4,361,975 of Indian corn; 397,207 pounds of wool ; 4,531 
of hops; 10,061 of wax; 2,072,069 bushels of potatoes; 334,861 tons of hay ; 2,165 of flax and 
hemp ; 1,966 pounds of silk cocoons. The products of the dairy amounted to $1,328,032 ; and of 
the orchard, $464,006 ; of lumber, $271, 5J1 ; 9,416 gallons of wine were made ; and 2,200 barrels 
of tar, pitch, turpentine, and rosin were produced. 

A large part of the state being open to the influence of the ocean, has a mild climate ; and no- 
where is the cold severe in the winter, except in the mountainous region in the northern part. 

The Hudson and Delaware rivers, on the e. and w. sides, flow partly in tliis state. Besides 
these, there are the Raritan, navigable for sloops, 17 miles, to New Brunswick, enteruig the Atlantic 
below Staten Island ; the Passaic, navigable for small vessels, 10 miles, to Newark, and falls into 
Newark bay ; the Hackensack, navigable 15 miles, which falls into xXewark bay ; Great Egg Har- 
bor river, navigable 20 miles, for small craft, and entering into tlie Atlantic. Tlie principal bays ai-e 
Newark bay, n. of Staten Island, and Raritau bay, between Staten Island and Sandy Hook 
Perth Amboy, at the head of this bay, is the principal seaport in the state. Delaware bay belongs 
in part to this state. The two principal capes in this state are Cape May, on the n. side of Dela- 
ware bay, and Sandy Hook, which is a low, sandy island, about 3 miles long, s. of New York bay. 
The principal towns are Newark, New Brunswick, I'aterson, Trenton, Burlington, Bordentown, 
Elizabethtown, and Perth Amboy. 

This state has considerable commerce, though it is diminished by that of the two great cities on 
its borders. The exports in 1840 were §16,075, and tlie imports were $19,209. 

There were in the state in 1840, 2 commercial and 8 commission houses engaged in foreign trade, 
with a capital of .$99,000 ; there were 1,504 retail drygoods and other stores, employing a capital 
of $4,113,247; 1,280 persons engaged in the lumber trade, employing a capital of $410,570 ; 423 
persons employed in internal transportation, who, with 30 butchers, packers, &c., invested a capital 
of $204,900 ; 179 persons engaged in the fisheries, with a capital of $93,275. 

There were in 1840, home-made or family goods produced to the amount of $201,625; 31 wool- 
len manufactories, and 49 fulling mills, employing 427 persons, producing goods to the amount of 
$440,710, with a capital of $314,650; 43 cotton manufactories, with 63,744 spindles, employing 
2,408 persons, manufacturing articles to the amount of $2,086,104, with a capital of $1,722,810; 26 
furnaces, producing 11,114 tons of cast iron, and 80 forges, &c., producing 7,171 tons of bar iron, 
employing 2,056 persons, and a capital of $1,721,820; 41 paper manufactories produced articles to 
the amount of $562,200, and other paper manufactures produced $7,000, the whole employing 400 
persons, and a capital of $460,100 ; hats and caps were manufactured to the amount of $],18r,562, 
and straw bonnets to the amount of $23,220, the whole employing 957 persons, and a capital of 
$332,029; 159 tanneries employed 1,090 persons, and a capital of $415,728; and 478 other leather 
manufactories, as saddleries, &c., produced articles to the amount of $1,582,746; 23 glass houses, 
and 4 glass-cutting establishments employed 1,075 persons, producing articles to the amount of 
$904,700, with a capital of $589,800 ; 22 potteries employed 122 persons, producing articles to the 
amount of $256,807, with a capital of $135,8.50; 932 persons produced machinery to the amount 
of $755,050 ; 219 distilleries produced 334,0l7 gallons, and f breweries produced 206,375 gallons, 
employing 394 persons, with a capital of $230,870 ; 123 persons produced hardware and cutlery to 
the amount of $83,575 ; 71 persons manufactured 2,010 smail-arms ; 70 persons manufactured drugs 



NEW 456 NEW 

and paints to the amount of $127,400, and turpentine and varnish to the amount of $43,000, with 
a capital of $140,800; 1,831 persons produced carriages and wagons to the amount of $1,397,149, 
with a capital of $644,966 ; 64 flouring mills manufactured 168,797 barrels of flour, and with other 
mills employed 1,288 persons, and a capital of $2,641,200 ; 8 rope walks employed 60 persons, and 
produced cordage to the amount of $93,075, with a capital of $37,305 ; ships were built to the 
value of $344,240 ; furniture employed 517 persons, producmg to the amount of $176,566, with a 
capital of $130,525; 572 persons produced bricks and lime to the amount of $376,805 ; 205 brick 
and 861 wooden houses were built by 2,036 persons, at a cost of $1,092,052. The whole amount 
of capital employed in manufactures in the state was $11,517,532. 

The College of New Jersey, or Nassau Hall, was founded in 1738, and is one of the principal 
colleges in the country. It has educated many distinguished men, and is flourisliing. Connected 
with it is the Princeton Theological Seminary, supported by the Presbyterians, and which is their 
principal place of theological education. Rutgers' College, (formerly Queen's College,) in New 
Brunswick, was founded in 1770, and has latterly been a growing institution. Connected with it 
is a theological seminary, established by the Dutch Reformed church, in 1784, which is a respect- 
able institution. In these institutions there were in 1840, 443 students ; there were in the state 66 
academies, with 3,027 students ; 1,207 primary and common schools, with 52,583 scholars ; and 
6,385 persons over 20 years of age who could neither read nor write. 

Of the principal religious denominations, in 1835, the Presbyterians had 105 ministers ; the Dutch 
Reformed, 48 churches and 42 ministers ; the Baptists, 80 churches and about as many ministers ; 
the Episcopalians, 30 ministers, including 1 bishop ; the Methodists about 70 ministers, and agreater 
number of congregations ; the Friends, 67 meetings. Besides these, there were a few Congrega- 
tionalists, Roman Catholics, and Universalists. 

In January, 1840, this state had 26 banks, with an aggregate capital of $3,822,607, and a circula- 
tion of .$1,414,708. The state debt amounted to $83,283. 

The constitution of New Jersey was formed in 1776, and has existed without any material change 
to the present time. The government is vested in a governor, legislative council, and general as- 
sembly. The council and assembly are elected annually. The council consists of 1 member 
chosen by each county, and the assembly of 50 members, and meets annually in October. 

The governor is chosen annually by the joint vote of the council and assembly, at their first joint 
meeting after each annual election. The governor is president of the council, who also elect a 
vice-president from their own body, to preside in case of the absence of the governor. The ori- 
ginal constitution granted the right of suffrage to " all persons of full age, who are worth fifty 
pounds proclamation money, clear estate in the same, and liave resided within the county in which 
they claim to vote, for 12 months immediately preceding the election." But the legislature have 
virtually annulled this provision by enacting by law, that every white male inhabitant, who shall 
be over 21 years of age, and shall have paid a tax, shall be considered worth fifty pounds, and en- 
titled to vote. 

The judges are appointed by the legislature, those of the supreme court for atermofseA'enyears, 
and those of the inferior courts for five years ; and both are capable of a reappointment. The gov- 
ernor and council form a court of appeals, in the last resort, in causes involving questions of law, 
and they possess the power of pardoning criminals under sentence. 

This state has executed some important works of internal improvement. The Morris canal was 
incorporated in 1824, and completed in 1836, and cost about $2,500,000. It extends from Easton, 
on the Delaware, to Jersey City, 101 miles. A large amount of coal, from the coal region of 
Pennsylvania, is transported on it. It has recently been widened at a great expense. The Dela- 
ware and Raritan canal extends from New Brunswick, on the Raritan, to Bordentown, on the Del- 
aware, below Trenton, and is 43 miles in length. It forms part of an important communication 
between the cities of New York and Philadelphia. Salem canal extends from Salem creek, 4 miles, 
to Delaware river. 

The railroads of this state are more important, even, than her canals. The Camden and Amboy 
railroad was incorporated in 1829, and completed in 1832, extending from Camden, on the Dela- 
ware, opposite to Philadelphia, to South Amboy, at the month of the Raritan, 61 miles. The New 
Jersey railroad was incorporated in 1832, and opened in 1836, extending from Jersey City, through 
Newark, New Brunswick, and Trenton, to Bordentown, where it forms a junction with the Camden 
and Amboy road. The Paterson railroad was incorporated in 1831, and completed in 1834, and 
branches oflT from the New Jersey railroad at Bergen Hill, and extends 15 miles, to Paterson. 
The Morris and Essex railroad extends from Newark to Morristown, 20 miles. The Elizabethport 
and Soraerviile railroad communicates between the two places, 25 miles. The Camden and Wood- 
bury railroad extends from the one place to the other, 9 miles. 

The first settlement of New Jersey was by the Dutch from New York, who, between 1614 and 
1620, established themselves in Bergen county. In 1627 a colony of Swedes and Finns settled ou 
the Delaware, and purchased of the Indians the land on both sides of the river to the falls. In 



NEW 



457 



NEW 



1634, Charles II. granted New York, called by the Dutch New Netherlands, to his brother, the Duke 
of York, and this grant included New Jersey ; and in 1661, the Duke granted the part now called 
New Jersey, jointly to Lord Berkley and Sir George Carteret, who, in 1693, established a govern- 
ment by agreement with the people, and appointed Philip Carteret, Esq., governor. The Dutch 
subdued the country in 1672, but resigned it in 1674. To obviate any difficulties about title result- 
ing from these transactions, a new patent was issued in 1674, re-granting the country to the Duke 
of York, and New Jersey was divided into West Jersey, assigned to the heirs of Lord Berkley, and 
East Jersey, to Sir George Carteret. In 1675 it was purchased by a company of English emigrants, 
who formed the first English settlement at Salem. At length great confusion in regard to title 
having sprung up, which rendered the appointment of governors difficult, the proprietors, in 1702, 
surrendered the government to the crown, which was accepted by Queen Anne, and the govern- 
ment henceforth, instead of being proprietary, became royal, and so continued until the revolution 
in 1776. During the revolutionary war, several important battles were fought in this slate, the in- 
habitants of which bore their full share of its toils, its dangers, and its sufferings. On the 19lh of 
December, 1787, this state in convention adopted the constitution of the United States by an unan- 
imous vote. 



New Jerusalem, p-o., Bucks co., Pa., 66 e. 
Harrisburg, 159 W. 

New Kent, county, Va. Situated toward the 
E. part of the state, and contains 225 sq. ms. Pa- 
munky r. bounds it on the N. -E., and Chickahom- 
iny r. on the s. and s. w. Capital, New Kent C. 
H. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,193, sheep 
2,518, swine 9,379 ; wheat 22,131 bush, produced, 
Ind. corn 139,784, oats 51,207, potatoes 8,496, cot- 
ton 4,138; 10 stores, cap. .$20,685; 1 tannery, 16 
distilleries, 12 grist m., 12 sch. 287 scholars. Pop. 
whites 2,472, slaves 3,385, free col'd 373 ; total, 
6,231). 

New Kent, C. H., p-v., capital of New Kent 
CO , Va., 30 e. Richmond, 147 VV. It contains a 
court house, jail, 6 stores, and about 15 dwellings. 
It is 3 ms. s. of Pamunky r., and has a healthy 
situation. 

New Kingston, p-o., Delaware co., N. Y. 

Nkwkirk's Mills, p-o., Bleecker t., Fulton 
CO., N. Y., 59 N. w. Albany, 411 W. 

New Lancaster, p-v., Warren co.. 111., 102 n. 
w. Springfield, 848 W. 

Newland, p-o., Richland co.. 111. 

New Lebanon, p-t., Columbia co., N. Y., 23 
s. E. Albany, 36-t W. Tlie surface i.s hilly and 
mountainous, having Taghkannic mountain w., 
and the Peterborough hills e., and a fertile valley 
between them. It contains New Lebanon Springs, 
and a large Shaker Settlement. It has 11 stores, 
cap. S3.),200 ; 3 fulling m., 5 woollen fac, 3 tan- 
neries, 2 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$61,565. 1 acad. 75 students, 16 sch. 812 schol- 
ars. Pop. 2,536. 

New Lebanon Shaker Settlement, v.. 
New Lebanon t., Columbia co., N. Y. Situated 
2 ms. s. New Lebanon Springs. It contains 1 
church, 10 large dwellings, occupied by the soci- 
ety in common, 1 woollen fac, 1 grist m., 5 saw 
m., 1 iron foundry, 3 machine shops, 20 or 3) 
shops for various manufactures, and about 600 
inhabitants. They have 3 extensive dairies, and 
nearly 3,000 acres of land, highly cultivated. 
Their manufactures are neat, useful, and in high 
esteem. 

New Lebanon Springs, p-v.. New Lebanon 
t., Columbia co., N. Y., 25 s. E. Albany. Situa- 
ted near the Massachusetts line, and contains 1 
Baptist church, 4 stores, 2 woollen fac ,25d\vell- 
ings, including 5 hotels and boarding houses, and 
about 200 inhabitants. Plere are warm springs, 
which have a temperature of 73° of Fahrenheit, 
useful in rheumatL-^ms. salt-rheums, and cutaneous 
affections. Two quarts of water contain muriate 
of lime, 1 grain ; muriate of soda, IJ; sulphate 
of lime, li ; carbonate of lime, i\ total, 5 grains. 
Of gases, nitrogen gas, 13 cubic inches ; aimos- 
33 



pheric air, 8 ; total, 21 cubic inches. The place 
and vicinity are celebrated for pure air and de- 
lightful scenery. The Albany and West Stock- 
bridge, and the Hudson and Berkshire railroads 
run within a few miles of the springs, connected 
in the summer months by a line of stages. 

New Lebanon, p-v., Pasquotank co., N. C, 
237 E. N. e. Raleigh, 271 W. Situated on the 
head waters of Pa.squotank r., at the s. e.xtremity 
of the Dismal Swamp canal. 

New Lebanon, p-v., Sullivan co., la., 103 s. 
w. by w. Indianapolis, 670 W. 

New Lexington, p v.. Pike t.. Perry co., O., 
52 E. Columbus, 351 W. Situated on the s. e. 
bank of Big Rush cr. It contains 2 churches, 3 
stores, 3-) dwellings, and about 130 inhabitants. 

New Le.mngton, p-v., Tuscaloosa co., Ala., 
24 N. Tuscaloosa, 826 W. Situated on w. side 
of North r. 

New Liberty, p-v., capital of Owen co., Ky., 
36 N. Frankfort, 343 W. Situated about 3 ms. e. 
of Eagle cr. It contains a court house, several 
stores, and 227 inhabitants. 

New Light, p-o.. Wake co., N. C, 25 Raleigh, 
279 W. 

New Limerick, t., Aroostook co., Me. It has 

3 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 123. 

Newlin, t., Chester co.. Pa., 23 s. w. Phila- 
delphia. The surface is hilly ; soil, calcareous 
loam. Watered by the w. branch of Brandy- 
wine cr., which affords water power. It has 2 
stores, cap. $6,500 ; 1 fulling ra., 1 woollen fac, 
1 tannery, 1 brewery, 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. .§6,050. 3 sch. 171 scholars. Pop. 728. 

New Lisbon, p-t., Otsego co., N. Y., 90 w. 
Albany, 345 W. The surface is hilly, witli 
broad valleys on the e. and w. ; soil, sandy loam. 
Drained by Butternut and Otego creeks. It has 

4 stores, cap. $14,50); 2 fulling m., 1 woollen 
fac, 1 cotton fac. 1 10 sp., 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 6 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $17,150. 14 sch. 515 
scholars. Pop. 1,909. 

New Lisbon, p-v.. Centre!., capital of Colum- 
biiiia CO., O., 150 e. .n. e. Columbus, 2S0 W. 
Situated on the N. side of the ^Aliddle fork of Lit- 
tle Beaver r., and on the Sandy and Beaver ca- 
nal. It contains a court house, jail, a bank, 6 
churches, 10 stores, 3 printing offices, 300 dwell- 
ings, mostly of brick, and about 2,000 inhabitants. 
A number of the streets are paved or macadam- 
ized, and the side-walks are laid with brick. It 
has an extensive water power, and contains in 
the immediate vicinity, 1 furnace, 4 flouring m., 
4 saw m., 1 paper m., 1 woollen fac, and 1 full- 
ing m. and carding machine. 

New Lisbon, p-v., Henry CO., la., 53 E. In- 
dianapolis, 526 W 



NEW 



458 



NEW 



New Lodge, p-o., Mercer co., Pa., 241 vv. n. 
W. Harrisburg, 277 W. 

New London, county, Ct. Situated in the s. 
E. part of the state, and contains GOO sq. ms. Tiie 
surface is hilly ; soil, fertile, adapted to grazing, 
and to some kinds of grain. Long Island sound 
bounds it on the s., on which are a number of 
excellent harbors. Watered by Thames r., 
formed by the junction of Shetucket and Yantic 
rivers, which afford excellent water power. 
Quinnebaug r. is a principal branch of Shetucket 
r. Pawcatuck r. bounds it on the s. e., and Con- 
necticut r. on the s. w. Capitals, New London 
and Norwich. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
27,441, sheep 62,395, swine 14,256; wheat 10,138 
bush, produced, rye 37,633, Itid. corn 186,587, 
buckwheat 16,966, barley 21,875, oats 122,355, 
potatoes 394,301 ; 1 commission house in foreign 
trade, cap. $20,000 ; 247 stores, cap. §770,450 ; 1 1 
lumber yards, cap. $76,.500 ; cap. invested in fish- 
eries $1,190,000 ; 24 fulling m., 23 woollen fac, 
16 cotton fac. 29,013 sp., 20 tanneries, 2 potteries, 
7 rope fac, 57 grist m., 64 saw m., 3 oil m., 5 pa- 
per fac, 4 printing offices, 3 binderies, 3 weekly 
newspapers. Cap. in mamifac $1,661,725. 17 
acad. 747 students, 231 sch. 10,790 scholars. 
Pop. 44,463. 

New London, p-t., Merrimac co., N. IL, 30 
N. w. Concord, 484 W. Sunapee lake lies on its 
s. w. border. A large pond in its w. part dis- 
charges its waters into Sunapee lake. Two other 
ponds form the sources of Blackwater r. and 
Warner r. The surface is rolling, and the soil 
fertile. Incorporated in 1779. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $4,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 3 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $14,675. 1 acad. 132 
students, 8 sch. 322 scholars. Pop. 1,019. 

New London, city, port of entry, and semi- 
capital of New London co., Ct. It is situated on 
the Thames, 3 miles from its entrance into Long 
Island sound, and is in 41° 24' n. lat. and 72° 30' 
w. Ion. from Greenwich, and 4° 0' 48" e. Ion. 
from W. It is 44 s. e. from Hartford, 52 e. from 
New Haven, 55 s. w. from Providence, and 353 
from W. The population in 1810 was 3,238 ; in 
1820, 3,330; in 1830, 4,356 ; in 1840, 5,519. 

It is built on a declivity, which descends to the 
E. and s. Back of the city the ground rises to a 
considerable height, and from its summit presents 
a fine view of the harbor and the surrounding 
country. The ground being rough, and over- 
spread with granite rocks, rendered it diflk-ult to 
lay it out with much regularity ; and it was not 
attempted. It is not in general very well built ; 
but there are some houses, recently erected, 
which are neat and elegant. 

The county courts are held alternately at this 
city and at Norwich. It has the usual county 
buildings. There are 5 places of public worship 
—2 congregational, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, and 1 
Methodist. There are 3 banks, and 2 insurance 
offices. A daily line ol steamboats connects this 
place with New York, which extends to Norwich, 
and connects with the railroad to Worcester. 
There are also several lines of packets. 

The harbor is the best in the state, and one of 
the best in the United States. It has a depth of 
30 feet, and is spacious and safe. It is defended 
by two forts. Fort Trumbull is situated on a 
projecting point, about a mile below the city, 
and is generally garrisoned by soldiers of the U. 
States army. The other fortification is Fort 
Griswold, on an eminence on the opposite side of 
the river, in Groton. There is a light-house on a 
projecting point of land which divides the harbor 
from Long Island sound, 3 miles below the city. 
The harbor is rarely obstructed at all by ice. 



New London has not an extensive back country, 
the trade of which naturally flows to it ; but it 
serves in some measure as a port to Connecticut 
river, which is not generally navigable to vessels 
of the largest class, nor at all, a portion of the 
year. The foreign trade of New London is 
chiefly with the West Indies, and its coasting 
trade with the Southern States. The fisheries, 
and particularly the whale fishery, have exten- 
sively engaged the attention and employed the 
capital and enterprise of its inhabitants. About 
$1,000,000 is devoted to the prosecution of this 
business. The tonnage of the port in 1840, was 
44,822. There were in 1840, 40 retail stores, cap. 
$220,000; 3 lumber yards, cap. $3^,000; capital 
employed in the fisheries, $830,000 ; machinery 
produced,$20,000 ; hardware and cutlery $61,CKX» ; 
1 tannery, capital, $3,000 ; 3 rope walks, capital 
$10,000 ; 1 printing office, 1 bindery, 1 weekly 
paper. Total cap. in manufac. .$91,300. 4 acad. 
131 students, 14 sch. 787 scholars. 

New London was first settled in 1646. The 
township is the smallest in the state, being only 
four miles in length, with an average breadth of 
three fourths of a mile. In September, 1783, a 
large portion of the place was burned by the 
British, under the traitor Benedict Arnold, and 
Fort Griswold, in Groton, was captured, and a 
large part of the garrison were put to the sword. 
A granite monument erected on the spot, 150 feet 
high, commemorates the event, and on it are in- 
scribed the names of those who fell. 

New London, p-v., Verona t.. Oneida co., N. 
Y., 117 w. N. w. Albany, 38S W. Situated on 
the Erie canal, and contains 6 stores, an exten- 
sive boat yard, 25 dwellings, and about 200 in- 
habitants. 

New London, t., Chester co.. Pa., 36 s. w. 
Philadelphia. The surface is a gentle declivity : 
soil, sandy loam. Elk cr. flows on its w. border. 
Watered by Clay cr. It contains 2 churches. It 
has 7 stores, cap. $22,000 ; 2 woollen fac, 1 tan- 
nery, 1 forge, 6 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $23,030. 1 acad. 80 students, 5 sch. 131 
scholars. Pop. 1,553. 

New London, p-v., Frederick co., Md., 70 n. 
w. Annapolis, 52 W. 

New London, p-v., Campbell co., Va., 127 w. 
by s. Richmond, 202 W. Situated on a branch 
of Staunton r., and contains 1 Methodist church, 
an academy, and about 25 or 30 dwellings. It is 
one of the oldest towns in the state. The United 
States armory, now at Harpers Ferry, was origin- 
ally located here. 

New London, p-t., Huron co., O., 96 n. Co- 
lumbus, 385 W. it has 7 sch. 193 scholars. Pop. 
1,218. 

New Londo.n, p-v., Henry co., Iowa. 

New London, p-v., capital of Ralls co.. Mo., 
98 N. N. E. Jefl!erson City, 902 W. Situated on 
the s. side of Salt r. It contains a court house, 
jail, 1 acad. 38 students, 1 sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 
263. 

New London Cross Roads, p-v.. New Lon- 
don t., Chester co.. Pa., 72 s. e. Harrisburg, 95 
W. It is a small v. in the n. w. corner of the t. 

New Lyme, pt., Ashtabula co., O., 195 n. e. 
Columbus, 32.1 W. Organized in 1813, by the 
name of Lebanon ; received its present name in 
1825, in remembrance of Lyme, Ct., whence 
many of its origmal inhabitants came. It has 5 
sch. 236 scholars. Pop. 527. 

New iMadison, p-v., Harrison t, Darke co., O., 
100 w. Columbus, 494 W. 

New 3Iadrid, county. Mo. Situated in the 
s. E. part of the stale, and contains 1,625 sq. ms. 
The surface ie level, and in parts liable to be an 



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459 



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nually overflowed. The soil in that part which 
is sufficiently elevated for cultivation, is very fer- 
tile. Capital, New Madrid. There were in 
1S40, neat cattle 6,655, sheep 1,043, swine 21,403 ; 
wheat 9,5!)3 bush, produced, Ind. corn 461,110, 
oats 11,055, potatoes 9,527, cotton l,16t pounds ; 
15 stores, cap. ^53,000 ; 1 tannery, 4 grist m., 4 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $16,900. 2 acad. 25 
students, 4 sch. 99 scholars. Pop. whites 3,748, 
slaves 801, free col'd 5 ; total, 4,554. 

New Madrid, p-v., capital of New 3Iad rid co., 
Mo., 271 s. E. Jefferson City, 911 W. Situated 
on the .\. side of the Missis.sippi r., at a consider- 
able bend in the r. The bank of the r. is some- 
what elevated, but has been undermined. The 
place was visited by earthquakes in 1811 and 
1812. It contains a court house, 10 stores, and 
about 500 inhabitants. Pop. of t. 1,668. 

Ne\vm.\nsv£lle, p-o., Greene co., Tenn., 268 
E. Nasiuille, 430 W. 

New M.vrion, p-v., Ripley co., la., 73 s. e. 
Indianapolis, 553 W. 

New 3I.\rket, p-t., Rockingham co., N. H., 
38 s. E. Concord, 488 W. Lamprey r. runs on 
its N. E. boundary, and E.xeter r. on its s. w. bor- 
der. Drained by a branch of Lamprey r. The 
soil is fertile. Incorporated in 1727. It has 1 
Congregational and 1 Metiiodist church, and a 
Wesleyan academy. On Lamprey r. is a v., 
with considerable manufactures, to which ve.s- 
sels of from 80 to 100 tons can come. Tliere are 
in the t. 30 stores, cap. $30,000 ; 3 cotton fac. 
14,000 sp., 1 furnace, 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 2 
saw m., 1 acad. 46 students, 13 sch. 764 scholars. 
Pop. 2,730. 

New Market, p-v., Piscataway t., Middlesex 
CO., N. J., 36 N. E. Trenton, 203 W. Situated on 
the E. bank of Cedar cr., and contains a store, 
a grist m., and about 25 dwellings. 

New Market, pv., Frederick co., Md., 67 n. 
w. Annapolis, 49 W. Situated on the n. branch 
of Bush cr. It is surrounded with a beautiful 
country. 

New Market, p-v., Shenandoah co., Va., 139 
N. w. Richmond, 112 W. Situated one mile E 
of the N. fork of Shenandoah r., near the s. w. 
border of the co. It contains 3 churches — 1 Lu- 
theran, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist — an academy, 
5 stores, 120 dwellings, and about 800 inhabit- 
ants. It has numerous manufactures, and 2 
forges, and several mills in the vicinity. The 
country around abounds with iron ore. On Mas- 
sanutten mountain, e. of the v., is a beautiful cas- 
cade, where the stream, a few yards wide, de- 
scends in an unbroken sheet, 50 feet perpen- 
dicularly. 

New Market, p-v., Randolph co., N. C, 85 
w. Raleigh, 324 W. 

New Market, p-v., Abbeville dist., S. C, 90 
w. Columbia, 528 W. 

New Market, p-v., Madison co., Ala., 170 n. 
Tuscaloosa, 6J1 W. 

New Market, p-v., .Tefferson co., Tenn., 208 
E. Nashville, 476 W. Situated on the head wa- 
ters of Loss cr. 

New Market, p-v., Marion co., Ky., 65 s. s. 
w. Frankfort, 587 W. Situated on the n. side of 
the Rolling Fork of Salt r. 

New Market, p-t.. Highland co., O., 81 s. w. 
Columbus, 448 W. It has 4 sch 147 scholars. 
Pop. 1,302. 

New Market, p-v., Vigo co., la., 82 w. by s. 
Indianapolis, 634 W^. 

New Market, p-v., Platte co.. Mo. 

New Marlboro', p-t., Berkshire co., Mass., 
131 s. w. by w. Boston, 364 W. The surface is 
uneven ; soil, fertile, adapted to grazing. Drain- 



ed by Konkapot r. and its branches. A pond in 
the s. part discharges its waters into Blackberry 
r. in Canaan. Incorporated in 1736. It has 4 
stores, cap. $11,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 forge, 1 tan- 
nery, 1 powder m., 3 paper fac, 4 grist m., 15 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $25,030. 11 sch. 430 
scholars. Pop. 1,682. 

New Maysville, p-v., Putnam co., la., 32 w 
Indianapolis, 603 W. 

New Middleton, p-o., Luzerne co., Pa., 120 
N. E. Harrisburg, 228 \v. 

New Middleton, p-o., Columbiana co., O., 
185 N. e. by e. Columbus. Pop. 118. 

New Milford, p-t., Litchfield co., Ct., 51 w. 
s. w. Hartford, 308 W. The surface is hilly and 
broken ; soil, generally fertile, being a sandy, 
gravelly, and clay loam. Walered by Housa- 
tonic r. and its branches. This large t. has 9 
churches — 2 (Congregational, 2 Episcopal, 2 Bap- 
tist, 2 Methodist, and 1 Friends. The v. contains 
2 churches, 5 stores, and about 69 dwellings. A 
bridge here cros.ses the Housatonic r., erected in 
1737, and the first bridge across it ever erected 
in its whole course. Two other bridges cross the 
r. in this t. Marble is found here. It has 7 stores, 
cap. $29,300 ; 1 cotton fac. 1,500 sp., 5 tanneries, 
2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $37,900. 
23 sch. 879 scholars. Pop. 3,974. 

New Milford, p-o., Warwick t.. Orange co., 
N. Y., 120 s. by w. Albany, 264 W. ^ 

New Milford, p t.. Susquehanna co., Pa., 
185 N. Harrisburg, 289 W. The surface is hilly ; 
soil, clay and gravel. Drained by ^Mitchell's and 
Salt Lick creeks. The v., in the n. e. part of the 
t., contaiiis an Episcopal church, 3 stores, and 
about 25 dwellings. There are in the t. 3 stores, 
cap. $27,000 ; 1 lulling in., 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 
4 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $12,6iJ0. 8 
sch. 240 scholars. Pop. 1,148. 

Newman's Mills, p-o., Indiana co., Pa. 

New Mount Pleasant, p-v.. Jay co., la., 97 
N. E. Indianapolis, 520 W. 

Newnan, p-v., capital of Coweta co., Ga., 106 
w. by .N. Milledgeville, 710 W. It contains a 
court house, jail, and about 15 or 20 dwellings. 

Newnansville, p-v., capital of Alachua co., 
Flor., 120 E. s. E. Tallahassee, 72 w. St. Augus- 
tine. 

New Ohio, p-o., Colesville t., Broome co., N. 
Y., 127 w. s. w. Albany, 310 W. 

New Orleans, city, port of entry, and capital 
of Louisiana, in the parish of Orleans, is the 
fourth city in population, and the third in com- 
merce, in the United States. It is on the left bank 
of Mississippi r., which has here a singular curve 
which places the city on its n. w. side, and facing 
to the s. E. It is 105 ms. from its mouth, by the 
course of the river, but only 90 in a direct line — 
1,132 from St. Louis, 1,397 from New York, 1,612 
from Boston, and 1,172 from Washington— in 29° 
57' i\. lat., 90° 6' w. Ion. from Greenwich, and 
13° 5' w. Ion. from W. The population in 1810, 
was 17,212; in 1820, 27,176; in 1830, 46,310; in 
1840, 102,193— of whom 23,148 were slaves. 
Employed in agriculture, 1,430; in commerce, 
7,392; in manufactures and trades, 4,5J3; navi- 
gating the ocean, 1,315; do. rivers and canals, 
285 ; learned professions, 438. 

The old city proper is in the form of a paral- 
lelogram, of whicli the longer sides are 1,320 
yds. long, and the shorter, toward the swamp in 
the rear, 700 yds. Above the city are the suburbs 
of St. Mary and Annunciation, and below are 
the suburbs of Marigny, Franklin, and Washing- 
ton. These are called Fauxbourgs. Between 
the city and the bayou St. Johns, are the villages 
of St. Claude and Si. Johnsburg. The old city 



NEW 



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proper was laid out by the French, and now forms 
not more than one eighih of the ciiy hiniis, and 
not more than one third of its thickly settled parts. 
In ld3l>. the legislature pissed an act, dividing 
tiie ciiy into 3 municipalities, ranliing them ac- 
cording to their population. The 1st includes the 
city pioper, extending with that width from the 
river back to Lake Pontch.irtrain, and occupying 
the ccn're; the '2d adjoining it above, and the 
3d below, both extending from the river to the 
lake. Each municipality has a distinct council 
for the management of i;s internal afTiirs, which 
do not encroa(;h on the general goverrmient. 

The situation of New Orleans for commerce is 
very commanding. The length of the Mi-ssissippi 
r., and its connected waters, which are navigated 
by steam, is not less than "20,000 miles, and the 
country which they drain is not surpassed in 
fertiliiy by any on the globe. Its advantages for 
communication with the country in its immediate 
vicinity are also great. By a canal, 4i nis. long, 
it communicates with Lake Pontchartrain, and iis 
connected ports. This canal cost $1,000,000. 
There is also a canal, U ni. long, which conunu- 
nicates with Lake Pontchartrain through b.iyou 
St. John. A railroad, 41 ms. long, connects it 
with CarroUton. A railroad, li ms. long, connects 
the city with Lake Pontchartrain, 1 m. e. of 
bayou St. John. Tlie Mexican Gulf railroad ex- 
tends 24 ms., to Lake Borgne, and is to be con- 
tinued to tne gulf, at the South Pass. The Mis- 
sissippi, opposite to the city, is half a mile wide 
and from 100 to I6J 'eet deep, and continues of 
this depth to near its entrance into the ocean, 
where are bars, with from I3i to 16fee^of water. 
The level of the city is from 3 to 9 feet below 
the level of the river, at the highest water. To 
protect it from inundation, an embankment, call- 
ed the Levee, is raised on its border, from 4 to 10 
feet high, and generally from 2J to 40 feet broad ; 
but in front of the 2d miuiicipality, by the an- 
nual deposits made by the river, and the filling 
up by the corporation, it is extended to 5J0 or 600 
feet broad. This forms a splendid promenade, 
and a very convenient place for depositing the 
cotton and other produce from the upper country, 
which can be rolled directly from the decks of 
the steamers to the bank of the r. The levee 
extends from 43 ms. below the city to 12J above 
it. The harbor presents an area of many acres, 
covered with flat-boats, and keel-boats, in its 
upper parts. Sloops, .schooners, and brigs, are 
arranged along its wharves, and present a forest 
of masts ; and steamboats are continually ar- 
riving or departing. The amount of domestic 
articles exported exceeds $12,000,000 annually, 
being greater than those of any other city in the 
Union, excepting New York. The houses of the 
city proper have a French and Spanish aspect, 
are generally stuccoed, and are of a white or 
yellow color. A basement story, about 6 feet 
high, forms the only cellar, as none arc sunk be- 
neath the surface of the ground. The city proper 
and the Fauxbourg St. Mary, are compactly and 
substantially built. The buildings in the Faux- 
bourg St. Mary and many other parts of the city, 
are ..lostly of brick, and resemble those of other 
cities of the United States. The city proper 
contains 66 complete squares ; each square hav- 
ing a front of 319 feet in length. I'ew of the 
streets, excepting Canal-street, are more than 40 
feet wide. Many of the seats in the suburbs are 
surrounded with spacious gardens, splendidly 
ornamented with orange, lemon, magnolia, and 
other trees. No city in the United States has so 
great a variety of iidiabitants, with such an as- 
tonishing contrast of maaaers, language, and 



complexion. The French population probably 
still predominates over the American, though the 
latter is continually gaining gromid. The water 
generally used in the city is rain water, contained 
in cisterns holding from 20 to .tO hogsheads each. 
The Commercial Bank water works, which cost 
.'$155,00.'), raise the water 20 or 30 feet above the 
city, and distribute it by pipes, having an aggre- 
gate length of 12 ms. The city water works have 
a pipe 1 m. long, to furnish running water, in hot 
weather, through the gutters of the city, which 
cost $\ 10,000. A draining company, with a capital 
of $640,000, has 2 steam engines for draining the 
marshes between the city and Lake Pontchartrain, 
of35sq.ms. in extent. The land is thus made 
valuable, and the health of the city improved — 
although it is still unhealthy, from July to the 
middle of October. The city contains a state 
house, custom house, 2 exchanges, a U. S. mint, 
a U. S. land office ; 5 banks, with a capital of 
more than if! 10,003,000 ; a large and splendid Ro- 
man Catholic cathedral. 90 by 12;) feet, with 4 
towers ; the Ursuline convent, 3 theatres, the Col- 
lege of Orleans, a charity hospital, which has 
received 900 patients in a year; 3 other hospitals, 
an orphan asylum, and various other charitable 
institutions. There are 2 large, and several small- 
er cotton presses, of great importance to the bu- 
siness of the city. There are fewer churches 
than in any other city in the Union in proportion 
to its size. The Roman Catholics have 3, the 
Episcopalians 2, the Presbyterians, Baptists, and 
Methodists, 1 each, and there is a mariners' church. 
There were in 1840, 8 commercial and 375 
commission houses, with a cap. of sji 1 6,490,000 ; 
1,S81 retail stores, cap. $11,018,225; 32 lumber 
yards, cap. $f>7,800 ; 6 furnaces, cap. S355,(.'00 ; 
hardware manufactured to the amount of §30.000 ; 

1 cotton fac. 700 sp., cap. $20,000 ; tobacco man- 
ufactures, cap. $60,000 ; 1 tannery, cap. $50,000; 

2 distilleries, cap. $56,000; 3 sugar refineries, 
value produced $700,000 ; 3 steam saw m., cap. 
$ 175,000 ; 18 printing offices, 5 binderies, 9 daily, 
6 weekly, and 2 semi-weekly newspapers, with 
a cap. of $162,200 ; 201 brick and stone, and 210 
wooden houses built, cost $2,234,3.)0. Cap. in 
manutiic. $1,774,200. 2 colleges, 105 students, 
10 acad. 440 students, 25 sch. 975 scholars. 

The city was founded by the French in 1717. 
In 1762 it was conveyed to the Spanish, who in 
1800 reconveyed it to the French; and in 1803 
it was purchased by the United Stales, in the 
purchase of Louisiana. On January 8th, 1815, 
the British, under Gen. Packenham, made an at- 
tack on the city, approaching it through Lake 
Borgne ; but they were signally defeated by the 
Americans, under Gen. Jackson. The British 
loss, in killed and wounded, was 3,000 men, and 
Gen. Packenham was killed : the Americans lost 
only 7 men killed and 6 wounded. 

New Oxford, pv., Berwick t., Adams co.. Pa., 
33 s. by w. Harrisburg, 85 W. It contains 1 
church, 2 stores, and about 45 dwellings. 

New Paltz, p-t., Ulster co., N. Y., 74 s. by w. 
Albany, 306 W. The surface is hilly on the w., 
covered in part by Shawangunk mountain ; soil, 
mostly calcareous loam, and generally productive. 
Bounded on the E. by Hudson r. Watered by 
VValikill r. The inhabitants are mostly of Dutch 
descent. The v. is situated on the Wallkill, 9 
ms. w. of the landing, on the Hudson, and con- 
tains 2 churches, 4 stores, 1 grist m., 1 tannery, 
40 dwellings, and about 250 inhabitants. There 
are in the t. 7 stores, cap. $19,000 ; 3 fulling m., 
1 woollen fiic, 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 4 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $17,900; 1 acad. 35 students^ 
26 sch. 1,109 scholars. Pop. 5,408. 



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461 



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New Paltz Landing, p-v.. New Paltz t., Ul- 
ster CO., N. Y., 73 s. by w. Albany, 300 W. Sit- 
uated on the w. bank of Hudson r., opposite 
Poughkeepsie v., and contains 1 church, 4 stores, 
1 grist m., 1 tannery, and about 40 dwellings. 

New Paris, n-v., Jefferson t., Preble cc, O., 
106 w. by s. Columbus, 499 W. Situated on the 
w. bank of Whitewater r., which affords good 
water power. It contains 1 church, 4 stores, 2 
grist m., 4 saw m., in the vicinity, 60 dwellings, 
and about 400 inhabitants. 

New Petersbitrgii, p-v., Paint t.. Highland 
CO., O., 79 s. w. Columbus, 434 W. It contains 1 
Presbyterian and 1 Methodist church, 4 stores, 4 
warehouses, 33 dwellings, and about 350 inhab- 
itants. 

New Philadelphia, p-v., Go.shen t., capital 
of Tuscarawas co., O., 115 e. n. e. Columbus, 313 
W. Situated on the e. bank of Tuscarawas r., 
on a beautiful plain, opposite to the mouth of 
Sugar cr. It contains a court house, jail, several 
stores, a printing office, 80 dwellings and about 
500 inhabitants. 

New PiiiLADELPHfA, p-v., Washington co., la., 
96 s. Indianapolis, 596 W. 

New Pittsburg, p-v., Chester t., Wayne co., 
O., 92 N. E. Columbus, 355 W. It contains 2 
stores, about 25 dwellings, and 150 inhabitants. 

New Plain, p-v., Murray co., Ga. 

Newport, county, R. I. It consists of several 
islands in Narraganset bay, and a portion of the 
main land, and contains 136 sq. ras. The most 
important portion of the co. is Rhode Island, 15 
ms. long, and 2i broad. The surface is gently 
uneven ; soil, fertile, adapted to grain and to 
grass. Fossil coal is found. Canonicut, Pru- 
dence, and Block islands constitute the chief re- 
maining insular portions of the co. The advan- 
tages for navigation are very great, and many of 
the inhabitants are engaged in the fisheries. Cap- 
ita!, Newport. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
6,633, sheep 29,230. swine 5,679 ; wheat 40S bush, 
produced, rye 3,500, Ind. corn 96,058, buckwheat 
!35, barley 33,005, oats 62,607, potatoes 142,218; 
7 houses in foreign trade, cap. $140,700 ; 133 
.stores, cap. $3J7,990 ; 5 lumber yards, cap. 
$30,300; cap. invested in fisheries, $301,557; 2 
fulling m, 5 woollen fac, 10 cotton fac. 21,890 
sp., 1 dyeing and printing establishment, 4 tan- 
neries, 1 distillery, 1 brewery, 3 rope fac, 24 grist 
m., 4 saw m., 3 printing offices, 2 binderies, 3 
weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $377,408. 
3 acad. 100 students, 62 sch. 2,471 scholars. Pop. 
16,874. 

Newport, p-t., Penobscot co.. Me., 54 n. e. 
Augusta, 619 W. It contains a large and beau- 
tiful pond, into which several streams empty, 
and the outlet of which forms the source of Se- 
basticook r. The soil is fertile, adapted to grain. 
Its streams afford water power. It has 4 stores, 
cap. $4,800 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $11,330. 8 sch. 471 scholars. 
Pop. 1,138. 

Newport, p-t., capital of Sullivan co., N. H., 
39 w. by N. Concord, 474 W. The surface is 
uneven; soil, generally fertile, especially on the 
streams. Watered by Sugar r., the three branch- 
es of which unite near the centre, affording good 
•water power, and where is a pleasant v. C har- 
tered in 1761. It has 7 stores, cap. $31,000; 2 
fulling m., 1 woollen fiic, 2 tanneries, 1 printing 
office, 1 weekly newspaper, 2 grist m., 10 saw 
m., 19 sch. 653 scholars. Pop. 1,953. 

Newport, p-t., Orleans co., Vt., 64 n. Mont- 
pelier, 580 W. It has Lake Memphremagog on 
its N. E. border, and e.vtends to the Canada line 
on the N. Watered by head branches of Missis- 



que r. Chartered in 1802. It contains consider- 
able tracts that are low and swampy. It has 2 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,900. 8 sch. 210 
scholars. Pop. 591. 

Newport, p-t., capital of Newport co., and 
semi-capital of the stale of Rhode Island, 30 s. by 
E. Providence, 408 W. Situated on the s. w. 
side of Rhode Island, 5 miles from the ocean. 
The harbor, which is of a semicircular form, 
spreads westward before the town. It is one 
of the finest in the United States, being safe, 
easy of access, and capacious, and sufficiently 
deep for vessels of the largest cla.ss. The har- 
bor is defended by Fort Adarns, situated on Bren- 
ton's Pt., Island of Rhode Island, li miles w. s. 
w. of the town, and is garrisoned by 4 companies 
of U. S. Artillery, l-'ort Greene, built during 
the late w"ar, has gone to decay ; it was at the 
northern extremity of the town. The site of the 
town is a beautiful and gentle acclivity, which 
rises gradually from the harbor, exhibiting it to 
great advantage, as it is approached from the wa- 
ter. The pleasantness of its situation, and the 
healthfulness of its climate, its fine views, and its 
cooling ocean breezes, have rendered it a favorite 
summer resort to the inhabitants of the cities, and 
of the southern states. It contains a state house, 
market house, theatre, almshouse, a library, con- 
taining over 3,000 volumes, 3 acad. with over lOO 
students, 7 banks, 12 churches — 1 Baptijjt, 2 Con- 
gregational, 2 Episcopal, 1 Friends, 1 Jloravian, 1 
Methodist, and a Jews' Synagogue — 1,200 dwell- 
ings, and 8,333 inhabitants. The commerce of 
Newport is considerable, with Europe, the East 
and \Vest Indies, in the coasting trade and the 
fisheries. It has 5 commer. and 2 commis. houses 
cap. $126,700; 104 stores, cap. $346,515; Slumber 
yards, cap. $26,800 ; 1 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 4 
cotton fac, 20,290 sp.,3 tanneries, 1 dist., 1 brew- 
ery, 3 printing offices, 2 binderies, 3 weekly news- 
papers, 7 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $726,983. 
8 sch. 265 scholars. Tonnage in 1840 10,924 

TVewport, p-t., Herkimer co., N. Y ., 86 n. w. 
Albany, 405 W. The surface is hilly, with fer- 
tile valleys ; soil, sandy and calcareous loam, 
adapted to grass. Drained by West Canada cr. 
The V. is situated on the cr., and contains 1 Epis- 
copal and 1 Baptist church, 3 stores, 1 flouring 
m., 1 saw m., 1 distillery, 60 dwellings, and about 
450 inhabitants. There are in the t. 7 stores, 
cap. $26,700 ; 2 lumber yards, 1 furnace, 2 full- 
ing m., 2 cotton fac. 1,636 sp., 2 tanneries, 2 dis- 
tilleries, 1 flouring m., 2 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $99,925. 10 sch. 432 scholars. Pop. 
2,020. 

Newport, p-v., Dover t., Cumberland co., N. 
J., 79 s. by w. Trenton, 190 W. It is called also 
" Autuxel." Situated on Nautuxct cr., 5 ins. 
above its mouth. It contains 1 store and about 
30 dweUings. 

Newport, p-v., Juniata t. Perry co., Pa., 2S 
.N. w. Harrisburg, 132 W. Situated on the w. 
bank of Juniata r., above the mouth of Little 
Buffalo cr. It contains 3 stores, 1 sch. 75 scho- 
lars, and 423 hdiabitants. It is on the bank of 
the canal, and has considerable business. There 
is a ferry here across the r. 

Newport, t., Luzerne co.. Pa., 8 s. w. Wilkes- 
barre. Watered by Nanticoke r., which has 
falls, affording great water power. At the falls 
a dam is constructed, for feeding the N. Branch 
canal. Anthracite coal and bog iron ore are 
abundant. It has 2 stores, cap. $3,000 ; 1 tanne- 
ry, 3 flouring m., 4 saw m. Cap. in m&nufac. 
.$6,400. 5 sch. 225 scholars. Pop. 1,099. 

Newport, p-v., New Castle co., Del., 49 n. 
Dover, 108 W. 



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462 



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Newport, p-v., Charles co., Md., 83 s. w. An 
napolis, 44 W. 

Newport, p-o., Giles co., Va., 222 w. Rich- 
mond, 263 W. 

Newport, p-v., capital of Cocke co., Tenn., 
232 E. by s. Nashville, 465 W. Situated on the 
s. W- side of French Broad r., and contains a 
court house, 2 churches — 1 Methodist, 1 Presby- 
terian — 1 academy, and 150 inhabitants. 

Newport, p-v., capital of Campbell co., Ky., 
86 X. N. E. Frankfort, 493 W. Situated on Ohio 
r^ immediately above the entrance of Licking r., 
and directly opposite to Cincinnati. It contains 
a court house, jail, market house, an academy, 
endowed by the state with 6,000 acres of land, 
and a United States arsenal. It is situated on an 
elevated plain, commanding a fine view of Cin- 
cinnati. 

Newport, p-t., Washington co., O., 118 e. s. 
E. Columbus, 293 W. It has many fine farms 
with hand.some brick dwellings along the Oliio r. 
The v. is situated on the n. bank of Ohio r., 14 ms. 
above Marietta. It contains 1 church, 2 stores. 
There are in the t. lOsch. 484 scholars. Pop. 1,228. 

Newport, p-v., capital of Vermilion co., la., 
78 w. Indianapolis, 650 W. Situated on the s. 
side of Vermilion r., 2 ms. above its junction with 
the Wabash r. It contains a brick court house, 
jail, and 3 stores. It is surrounded by a very 
fertile country. There are in the t. 4 stores, cap. 
$19,000 ; 2 tanneries. Cap. in manufac. $4,300. 
1 sch. 30 scholars. Pop. 192. 

Newport, p-v., Franklin co., Mo., 70 e. .lef- 
ferson City, 877 W. Situated on high bluffs 1 
m. from the Missouri r., and contains 2 stores and 
a landing and warehouse, a little above, on tiie 
r. opposite to Pinckney. It was formerly the 
capital of tlie co. 

Newport, rivers, Ga. The N. r. is 25 ms. long, 
navigable to Riceboro, near its sources ; the s. r. 
is a smaller stream, emptying into St. Catharines 
sound. 

New Portage, p-v., Norton t., Medina co., 
O., 119 N. e. by N. Columbus, 334 W. 

New Portland, p-t., Somerset co.. Me., 56 n. 
N. w. Augusta, 650 vV. The soil is very fertile, 
adapted to grain. Watered by Seven Mile Brook 
and its branches, which afford water power. In- 
corporated in 1808. It has 7 stores, cap. $13,50v) ; 
1 fulling ra., 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $9,125. 17 sch. 597 scholars. Pop. 
1,620. 

Newportville, p-v., Bristol t., Bucks co., 
Pa., 116 e. Harrisburg, 158 W. Situated at the 
liead of navigation, on Neshaminy cr., which 
affords water power. It contains a store, about 
15 dwellings, and a bridge across the cr. on stone 
piers. 

New Preston, p-v., Washington t., Litchfield 
CO., Ct., 43 w. by s. Hartford, 3i!0 W. Situated 
on w. side of E. Aspeiuck r. It has 2 churches — 
1 Congregational, 1 Episcopal — a factory, and 
several neat dwellings. 

New Prospect, p-v., Franklin t., Bergen co., 
N. J., 87 N. E. Trenton, 253 W. It is pleasantly 
situated on elevated ground, on Hohokus cr., and 
contains 1 store, 2 paper m., 2 grist m., a chair 
fac, with lathes moved by water power, and a 
number of dwellings. 

New Prospect, p-v., Spartanburg dist, S. C, 
117 N. w. Columbia, 483 W. 

New Prospect, p-v., Greene co., Ala., 57 s. 
w. Tuscaloosa, 874 \V. 

New Prospect, p-o., Milton t., Wayne co., 
C, 110 N. e. Columbus, 341 W. 

New Providence, p-t.., Essex co., N. J., 13 s. 
w. Newark, 56 n. e. by n. Trenton, 222 W. 



The surface is hilly, and mountainous on the w. ; 
soil, clay loam and red shale. It has 4 stores, 
cap. $9,500 ; 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 1 paper fac, 
1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $16,'700. 1 sch. 25 
scholars. Pop. 832. 

New Providence, p-o., Lancaster co.. Pa., 46 
E. by s. Harrisburg, 121 W. 

New Providence, p-v., Montgomery countv, 
Tenn., 47 N. w. Nashville, 732 W. 

New Providence, p-v., Clarke co., la., 107 s. 
by E. Indianapolis, 618 W. 

New Richmond, p-o., Crawford co., Pa., 246 
N. w. by w. Harrisljurg. 

New Richmond, p-v., Ohio t., Clermont co., 
O., 116 s. w. Columbus, 4S7 W. Situated on 
Ohio r., just above the mouth of Muddy cr. It 
contains 2 churches — 1 Presbyterian and 1 Meth- 
odist — 10 stores, 1 steam grist m., 1 steam saw 
m., 2 carding machines, 130 dwellings, and about 
900 inhabitants. 

New, r., Va., rises in N. C, and flowing into 
Va., after passing through Peters mt., it is called 
the Great Kanav/ha r. 

New, r., N. C, runs into New River inlet, in 
the Atlantic, 45 w. s. w. Cape Lookout. 

New, r., Beaufort dist., S. C, runs nearly par- 
allel with Savannah r., and, by several mouths, 
enters Tybee sound. 

New, r.. La., rises near the Mississippi r., 
and flowing between that and Amite r., enters 
Lake Maurepas. 

New River, p-o.. Ascension par., La., 83 w. 
N. w. New Orleans, 1,200 W. 

New Road, p-o., Sidney t., Delaware co., N. 
Y., 102 s. w. Albany, 329 W. 

New Rochelle, p-t., Westchester co., N. Y., 
18 N. e. New York, 145 s. Albany, 244 W. The 
surface is undulating or level ; soil, clay loam, 
adapted to grass. Long Island sound bounds it 
on the s. The v. is pleasantly situated at the 
head of a small bay of Long Island sound, and 
has a good steamboat landing, from which 2 
sloops owned here, trade to New York, and steam- 
boats pass daily. It contains a town house, 3 
churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Meth- 
odist — 1 male and 2 female boarding schools, 9 
stores, 1 grist m., 1 bone button fac, 1 printers' 
ink fac, 1 carriage fac, 125 dwellings, and about 
800 inhabitants. It has a line view of Long Isl- 
and sound. It was early settled by Huguenots, 
from Rochelle in France. It has 2 acad. 38 stu- 
dents, 1 sch. 50 scholars. Pop. 1,816. 

New Rochester, p-v.. Freedom t.. Wood co. 
O., 108 N. w. Columbus, 453 W. 

New Ross, p-v., Montgomery co., la., 35 w. 
N. w. Indianapolis, 606 W. 

New Rumley, p-v., Rumley t., Harrison co., 
O., 116 E. by N. Columbus, 2^0 W. It contains 
1 church, 3 stores, 1 tannery, 2 carding machines, 
30 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. 

Newry, p-t., Oxford co.. Me., 64 w. Augusta, 
611 W. Watered by Bear river, and another 
branch of Androscoggin r., which afford good 
water power. Incorporated in 1805. It has 
1 tannery, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac 
$304. 4 sch. 70 scholars. Pop. 463. 

Newry, p-v., Frankstown t., Huntingdon co., 
Pa., 122 w. Harrisburg, 157 W. Situated on 
Poplar run, a tributary of the Frankstown branch 
of Juniata r. It contains 1 German Reformed 
and 1 Roman Catholic church, 3 stores, 1 distil- 
lery, and about 50 dwellings and 300 inhabitants. 

New Salem, p-t., Franklin co., Mass., 73 w. 
N. w. Boston, 403 W. Miller's r. flows on its n. 
border. Watered by a branch of this river, and 
by a branch of Middle r. The surface is ele- 
vated ; soil, well adapted to grazing. Incorpo- 



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rated in 1753. There is an academy which 
was incorporated in 1795. It contains 3 churches 
— 2 Congregational and 1 Baptist. It has 4 
stores, cap. $1,3J0 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 2 
grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,150. 1 
acad. 103 students, 12 sch. 360 scholars. Pop. 
1,305. 

New Sale,',!, p-v., New Scotland t., Albany 
CO., N. Y., 12 w. Albany, 332 W. It contains 1 
Dutch Reformed church, 2 stores, 1 tannery, and 
about 15 dwellings. 

New Sale.m, p-v., Salem t., Fayette cc, Pa., 187 
w. by s. Harrisburg, 203 W. It contains 2 stores, 
and about 25 dwellings. 

New Sale.m, p-o., Harrison co., Va., 267 n. w. 
Richmond, 235 W. 

New Salem, p-v., Randolph co., N. C, 81 w. 
Raleigh, 319 W. 

New Sale.m, p-v.. Walnut t., Fairfield co., O., 
40 s. E. Columbus, 371 W. 

New Salem, p-v.. Rush co., la., 47 e. s. e. 
Indianapolis, 511 W. 

New Salisuury, p-v., Harrison co., la., 124 s. 
Indianapolis, 616 W. 

New Scotland, p-t., Albany co., N. Y., 9 w. 
Albany, 379 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, 
sand, loam, and clay. Drained by Coeyman's 
or. and a branch of the Normanskill r. The vil- 
lage contains 1 Presbyterian church, 2 stores, 20 
dwellings, and about 125 inhabitants. There are 
in the t. 3 stores, cap. §12,000 ; 2 grist m., 4 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $.5,800. Pop. 2,912. 

New Sewickly, t., Beaver co., Pa., 5 e. Bea- 
ver. The surface is hilly ; soil, loam. Watered 
by Big Beaver r., which has falls in this t. afford- 
ing great water power. It has 1 store, cap. 
$1,000; 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 1 pottery, 2 grist 
m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,200. 4 sch. 
133 scholars. Pop. 1,740. 

New Sharon, p-t., Franklin co.. Me., 28 n. w. 
Augusta, 621 W. It has a fertile soil, adapted to 
wheat. Drained by Sandy r., which flows into 
Kennebec r. Incorporated in 1791. It has 4 
stores, cap. $10,000; 1 fulling m., 2 grist m., 2 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,300. 17 sch. 729 
scholars. Pop. 1,829. 

New Shoreham, p-t., Newport co., R. I., 15 s. 
s. w. Point Judith, 13 n. e. Montauk Point, Long 
Island. The t. comprises Block Island, 8 miles 
long, and from 2 to 4 broad. The surface is un- 
even ; soil, a sandy and gravelly loam, and pro- 
ductive. About one seventh of the surface is 
covered with ponds. There are no forests, and 
peat is the only fuel. There are 1 Baptist church, 
4 stores, and 2 wind m. There is no harbor for 
vessels. The inhabitants are mostly fishermen, 
employed in taking cod and mackerel. It has 4 
stores, cap. $2,500 ; 1 grist m. Cap. in manufac. 
^1,000. 4 sch. 374 scholars. Pop. 1,069. 

Newson's Depot, p-o., Southampton co., Va., 
/8 s. s. E. Richmond, 197 W. Situated on the 
Portsmouth and Roanoke railroad. 

New Springfield, p-v., Columbiana co., O., 
167 N. E. by E. Columbus, 289 W. 

New Stanton, p-v., Westmoreland co.. Pa. 

Newstead, p-t., Erie co., N. Y., 20 n. e. Buf- 
falo, 266 w. Albany, 336 W. The surface is un- 
dulating ; soil, clay, and gravelly and calcareous 
loam. Drained by Ellicott's cr., and tributaries 
of Tonawanda cr. It has 4 stores, cap. $12,000 ; 
2 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 6 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $10,495. 15 sch. 702 scholars. 
Pop. 2,653. 

New Store, p o., Buclungham co., Va., 75 w. 
Richmond, 165 W. 

New Sweden, p-v.. An Sable t., Clinton co., 
N. Y., 135 N. Albany, 530 W. Situated on the 



N. side of Au Sable r., and contains 2 stores, 1 
forge, 5 saw m., 40 dwellings, and about 250 in- 
habitants. 

Newton, county, Ga. Situated in the central 
part of the state, and contains 460 square miles. 
Drained by Yellow and Alcopahatchee rivers, 
branches of Ocmulgee r., which flows on its s. 
w. border. Capital, Covington. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 6,031, sheep 4,212, swine 
17,233 ; wheat 46,222 bushels produced, rye 
901, Indian corn 465,329, oats 26,373, potatoe.s 
13,990, tobacco 747 pounds, cotton 4,115,635 ; 26 
stores, cap. $62,000 ; 7 lumber yards, cap. $9,230 ; 
1 cotton fac. 396 sp., 2 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 4 
flouring m., 12 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $53,641. 1 acad. 25 students, 1 sch. 30 schol- 
ars. Pop. whites 7,890, slaves 3,720, free col'd 
18: total, 11,623. 

Newton, county. Miss. Situated a little s. 
E. of the centre of the state, and contains 510 sq. 
miles. Drained by head branches of Cliicka- 
sawha r. Capital, Decatur. There were in 
1810, neat cattle 9,316, sheep 1,337, swine 14,120 ; 
wheat 1,924 bushels produced, Ind. corn 95,751, 
potatoes 10,312, rice 1,670 pounds, cotton 273,892 ; 
1 tannery, 6 grist m., 6 saw m., 1 college, 2 sch. 
43 scholars. Pop. whites 1,980, slaves 546, free 
col'd 1 ; total, 2,527. 

Newton, county. Mo. Situated in the s. w. 
corner of the state, and contains 1,150 sq. miles. 
Drained by branches of Neosho river. Capital, 
Neosho. There were in 1840, neat cattle 6,324, 
sheep 3,721. swine 17,290; wheat 6,151 bushels 
produced, Ind. corn 261,116, oats 5,918, potatoes 
9,561, tobacco 9,170 pounds, cotton 1,533, sugar 
1,752 ; 12 stores, cap. $23,440 ; 4 tanneries, 4 
distilleries, 6 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $8,950. 6 sch. 114 scholars. Pop. whites 
3,616, slaves 169, free col'd 5 ; total, 3,790. 

Newton, p-t., Middlesex co., 3Iass., 7 w. Bos- 
ton, 433 W. It lies on a bend of Charles river, 
which bounds it on 3 sides, and furnishes ex- 
tensive water power, having 2 falls, at each of 
which is a v. Incorporated in 1691. The v. 
at the Upper Falls contains 2 churches — 1 Bap- 
tist and 1 Methodist — a nail fac, rolling m. and 
machine shop, and about 70 dwellings. The r. 
descends 35 feet in half a mile, and, in one place, 
fiills over a ledge of rocks 20 feet high. The v. at 
the Lower Falls is 2 ms. n. w., lies partly in Need- 
ham, and contains 1 Episcopal church, 5 paper 
m., and about 50 dwellings. The Boston and 
Worcester railroad passes through it. The Nev^'- 
ton Theological Seminary, under the direction 
of tlie BaptisLs, was founded in this town in 1825, 
and has a brick edifice 85 feet long, 49 wide, and 
3 stories high, which cost about ,$10,000; 3 
houses for professors, and a mansion house for 
boarding the students. It has 3 professors, 33 
students, 137 graduates, and 4,000 vols, in its 
libraries. There are in the t. 15 stores, cap. 
,$29,630 ; 1 cotton fac. 5,712 sp., 3 paper fac, 2 
grist ni. Cap. in manufac. $318,000. 4 acad. 
114 students, 11 schools, 509 scholars. Pop. 
3,351. 

Newton, p-t., capital of Sussex co., N. J., 70 
N. Trenton, 233 W. The surface is hilly on the 
\. w. and on the s. E., and level in the centre. 
Watered by Paulinskill. The borough or p v. is 
situated on the Paulinskill, has several streets, 
with a large public square in the centre, on 
which stands the court house, jail, and county 
offices. It contains 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 
Episcopal, and 1 Methodist — 1 acadeniy and 1 
high school, a bank, a lyceum, a public library, 
8 stores, 2 printing offices, each issuing a w eek- 
ly newspaper, about 150 dwellings, and 900 iii- 



NEW 



464 



NEW 



habitants. The court house was built in 1765. 
The Eoispopal church has a valuable glebe farm 
of 100 acres near the v. There are in the t. 15 
stores, cap. $5-<,000; 1 furnace, 1 fulhng m.,2 
woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 distillery, "2 printing 
offices, 2 weekly newspapers, 5 grist m., 7 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $91,325. 3 acad. 01 stu- 
dents, 15 sch. 537 scholars. Pop. 3,S57. 

Newto.v, t., Gloucester co., N. J., 6 n. e. 
Woodbury. The .surface is level ; soil, sandy, 
covered extensively with yellow pine ; the cul- 
tivated parts are devoted to the raising of vege- 
tables for market. Watered by Cooper's and 
Newton creeks. It contains 2 villages. There 
are in the t. 9 stores, cap. $35,400 ; 1 fulling m., 
1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 pottery, 3 grist m. 
Cap. in manufac. $21,190. 3 acad. 155 students, 

5 sch. 245 scholars. Pop. 1,S63. 

Newton, t., Cumberland co., Pa., 16 w. Car- 
lisle. The surface is level; soil, calcareous 
loam. Yellow Breeches cr. rises in Big pond 
on its w. border, and flows through it. It has 2 
stores, cap. $4,000 ; 2 commission houses, cap. 
$9,000; 1 furnace, 2 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 

1 tannery, 2 distilleries, 3 flouring m., 6 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $31,250. 7 sch. 317 scholars. 
Pop. 1,499. 

Newton, t., Delaware co.. Pa., 14 n. w. Phil- 
adelphia. The surface is hilly ; soil, loam. Wa- 
tered by Crum and Darby creeks. It has 3 
store.«, cap. $13,000; 1 tannery, 1 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $7,000. 5 sch. 105 scholars. Pop. 
752. 

Newton, t., Miami co., O. It has 1 distillery, 

2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac $1,300. 

6 sch. 293 scholars. Pop. 1,242. 

Newton, p-t., Muskingum co., O., 60 e. Co- 
lumbus, 345 W. It contains 3 churches, and has 
2 or 3 salt works. It has 15 sch. 522 scholars. 
Pop. 2,568. 

Newto.n, t.. Licking co., O. It has 2 sch. 60 
scholars. Pop. 1,247. 

Newton, t., Pike co., O. It has 2 stores, cap. 
$2,000; 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $260. 4 
sch. 74 scholars. Pop. 326. 

Newton, p-t., Calhoun co., Mich., 114 w. De- 
troit, 579 W. It has 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$12,050. 1 sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 235. 

Newton, p-v., capital of Jasper co.. 111., 130 s. 
E. Springfield, 707 W. Situated on the w. side 
■of Embarrass r., and contains 1 Baptist church, 2 
stores, and about 150 inhabitants. 

Newton C'entre, p-v., Newton t., Middlesex 
CO., Mass., 7 w. Boston, 431 W. It contains 2 
churches— 1 Baptist and 1 Congregational — and 
a theological semmary. (See Newton.) 

Newton Falls, p-v., Newton t., Trumbull 
CO., O., 162 n. e. Columbus, 311 W. Situated on 
the Pennsylvania and Ohio canal, at the junc- 
tion of the 2 branches of the i\Iahoning r., which 
afford good water power. It contains 2 churches, 
4 stores, 3 warehouses, 2 grist m., 3 saw m., 2 
woollen fac, 1 paper m., and about 450 inhabit- 
ants. Iron ore is found in the vicinity. 

Newton H.\milton, p-o., Mifflin co.. Pa., 82 
N. w. Harrisburg, 140 W. 

Newton Lower F.\lls, p-v., Newton t., Mid- 
dlesex CO., Mass., 11 w. Boston, 429 W. Situ- 
ated mostly on the e. side of Charles r., and has 
an Episcopal church and 5 paper fac. 

Newton's Corners, p-o., Northampton t., 
Fulton CO., N. Y., 51 s. w. Albany, 420 W. 

Newton Upper Falls, Newton t., Middlesex 
CO., Mass., 9 w. Boston, 429 W. Situated on the 
E. side of Charles r. It has 2 churches — 1 Bap- 
tist and I Methodist — 2 cotton fac, and 1 iron 
worka. 



Newtown, p-t., Rockingham co., N. H., 30 s. 
E. Concord, 474 W. It contains a large pond on 
its N. w. border. The soil is fertile. First settled 
in 1720. Here was formed the first Baptist church 
in the state. It has 2 stores, cap. $2,100. Cap. 
in manufac. $2,500. 3 sch. 195 scholars. Pop 
541. 

Newtown, p-t., Fairfield co., Ct., 62 s. w 
Hartford, 293 W. The surface is elevated and 
hilly ; soil, gravelly loam, and fertile. Watered 
by Potatuck r., a branch of the Housatonic. The 
borough is on elevated ground, chiefly on one 
street, 80 rods long, and contains 3 churches — 1 
Congregational, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Methodist — 4 
stores, and about 40 or 50 dwellings. Sandy 
Hook, another v., is U mile n. e., on the Pota- 
tuck r., where is a good water power, and various 
mills and manufactories, and about 50 dwellings. 
The t. contains 5 churches — 2 Episcopal, 1 Con- 
gregational, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist. It has 16 
stores, cap. $46,900 ; 3 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 
3J0 sp., 3 tanneries, 6 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $70,100. 2 acad. 45 students, 18 sen. 
583 scholars. Pop. 3,189. 

Newtown, p-t., Queens co., N. Y., 152 s. Al- 
bany, 232 W. The surface is, in some parts, 
uneven and stony ; soil, sand and clay loam, 
well cultivated, and particularly adapted to fruit. 
Bounded n. by the East r. and Long Island sound. 
Drained by Newtown cr. The v. contams 4 
churches — 1 Dutch Reformed, 1 Episcopal, and 
2 Methodist — a town house, 4 stores, 80 dwell- 
ings, and about 500 inhabitants. There are in 
the t. 10 stores, cap. $22,500; 2 lumber yards, 
cap. $3,500; 1 woollen fac, 2 grist m. Cap. in 
manufac. $98,900. 1 acad. 55 students, 10 sch. 
466 scholars. Pop. 5,054. 

Newtown, p-t., Bucks co.. Pa., 20 n. e. Phila- 
delphia, lis E. Harrisburg, 160 W. The surface 
is level ; soil, a fertile clay loam, and well culti- 
vated. Drained by Newtown cr., a branch of Ne- 
shaminy cr., which affords water power. The 
borough is on Newtown cr.,and contains 1 Pres- 
byterian and 1 Friends church, 2 stores, and about 
100 dwellings. It was formerly the capital of 
the CO. A large number of excellent carriages 
are manufactured here. There are in the t. 1 
store, cap. $1,200; 2 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $2,235. 1 acad. 50 students, 6 sch. 436 
scholars. Pop. 1,414. 

Newtown, t., Delaware co.. Pa., 14 n. w. 
Philadelphia. The surface is hilly; soil, loam. 
Drained by Crum and Darby creeks. The v., at 
the centre, contains a church. It has 3 stores, 
cap. $13,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $7,OJ0. 5 sch. 105 scholars. Pop. 752. 

Newtown, p-v., Worcester co., 3id., 126 s. e. 
Annapolis, 166 W. 

Newtown, p-v.. King and Queen co., Va., 33 
e. n. e. Richmond, 106 W. Situated 3 ms. n. of 
Mattapony r. It contains 1 Reformed Baptist or 
Campbellite church, 1 male seminary, 2 stores, 
20 dwellings, and about 100 inhabitants. 

Newtown, p-v., Scott co., Ky., 25 e. by n. 
Frankfort, 518 W. 

Newtown, p-v., Anderson t., Hamilton co., 
O., 119 s. w. by w. Columbus, 490 W. Situated 
on the E. side of Little 3Iiami r., and contains 1 
church, 1 steam m., 1 distillery, and about 30 
dwe'lmgs. There are 4 flouring m. within 2 ms. 

Newtown, p-v.. Fountain co., la., 63 w. n. vv. 
Indianapolis, 634 W. 

Newtown, p-v.. Hinds co., Miss., 10 s. Jack- 
son, 1,020 W. 

Newtown, cr., rises in Newtown, Queens co., 
N. Y., and flows into the East r., opposite to the 
city of New York. 



NEW 



465 



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Newtown SauARE, p-v., Delaware co.. Pa., 
90 E. s. E. riarrislnirg, 132 W. It contains a 
church, a store, and 5 or 6 dwellings. 

jNewtow.n" STEi'nE.\SBURii,(i-v., Frederick co., 
Va., ]54 N. N. w. Richmond, 82 W. It contains 2 
churches — 1 Methodist, and 1 common to Lu- 
therans and German Ke. formed — 2 stores, H tan- 
iierie.s, about 100 dwellings, and 700 inhabitants. 

New Trento.n', p-v., Whitewater t., Franklin 
CO., la., 81 E. s. E. Indianapolis, 516 W. It con- 
tains 3 stores, and about 250 inhabitants. 

New Tripoli, p-v., Linn t., Lehigh co.. Pa., 
86 e. x. e. Harrisburg, I7S VV. Situated on a 
branch of 3Iaiden cr. 

New Utrecht, p-t.. Kings co., N. Y., 7 s. N. 
York, 1-51 s. by w. Albany, '^31 W. The surface 
is slightly hilly on the n., but elsewhere level ; 
soil, light sand or loam. It occupies the extreme 
w. end of Long Island, being separated from 
ytalen Island by the " Narrows." It contains 1 
Dutch Re.'brmed church, 3 stores, 30 dwellings, 
and about 175 inhabitants. One mile w. is the 
" Bath House," much re-sorted to during the sum- 
mer season as a waternig place. It has 4 stores, 
cap. Siy,500. Cap. in manufac. $9,200. 1 acad. 
35 students, 2 sch. 107 scholars. Pop. 1,2S3. 

New Verxon, p-o.. Mount Hope t.. Orange co., 
N. v., 105 s. s. w. Albany, 28J W. 

New Vernon, p-v., Morris co., N. J., 49 n. 
Trenton, 220 W. 

New Vienx.\, p-o., Clinton co., O. 

New Village, p-v., Brookhaven t., Suffolk 
CO., N. Y., 198 s. s. E. Albany, 278 W. It h is a 
Methodist church, 1 store, and several dwellings. 

New Village, pv., Greenwich t., Warren co., 
N. J., 54 N. N. w. Trenton, 205 W. Situated on 
the Morris canal, and contains 1 store and about 
12 dwellings. 

Newville, p-v., Danube t., Herkimer co., N. 
Y., 66 w. N. w. Albany, 389 W. It contains 1 
church, 1 store, 1 grist m., 1 tannery, 1 clothier's 
works, 30 dwellings, and about 2-)0 inhabitants. 

Newville, p-b., Newton t., Cumberland co.. 
Pa., 3 J s. w. Harrisburg, 113 W. Situated on 
Big Spring cr. Incorporated in 1817. It contains 

1 Presbyterian and 1 Associate Reformed church ; 
11 stores, capital .S15,S00; 1 lumber yard, capital 
$1,000 ; 2 tanneries. Cap. in manufac. $20,950. 

2 sch. 130 scholars. Pop. 654. 

Newville, p-o., Sussex co., Va., 46 s. s. E. 
Richmond, 165 W. 



Newville, p-v., Worthington t., Richlan<l co., 
O., 74 N. N. E. <'olunihus, 372 W. Handsomely 
situated on the x. side of Clear fork of Mohiccan 
cr. It contains 1 church, 3 stores, 1 grist m., 1 
saw m., 2 carding machines, 1 fulling m., 40 
dwellings, and about two hundred and fifty in- 
habitants. 

Newville, p-v., De Kalb co., la., 156 x. n. e. 
Indianapolis, 538 W. 

New Vixevard, p-t., F'ranklin co., 3Ie., 48 N. 
w. Augusta, 635 VV. The surface is uneven ; 
soil, generally productive, adapted to grain. Wa- 
tered by a branch of Seven 3Iile r., and by a 
branch of Sandy r., both tributaries of Kennebec 
r. Incorporated in H02. It has 1 grist m., 3 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,200. 5 sch. 385 
scholars. Pop. 927. 

New Wakefield, p-v., Washington co., Ala., 
164 s. s. w. Tuscaloosa, 976 W. 

New Wasiiixgtox, p-v., Clarke co., la., 97 s. 
by E. Indianapolis, 578 VV. 

New Westville, p-o., Preble co., O., 104 w. 
by s. Columbus, 497 W. 

New Wilmixgtox, p-v., Lackawannock t., 
Mercer co.. Pa., 241 w. n. \v. Harrisburg, 284 W. 
It contains 2 stores, 1 grist m., and 15 or 20 dwell- 
ings. 

New Winchester, p-v., Marion co., O., 62 x. 
Columbus, 4i;7 W. 

New Winchester, p-v., Hendricks co., la., 
27 w. Indianapolis, 598 W. 

New WixDsoR, p t.. Orange co., N. Y., 86 s. 
by w. Albany, 288 W. The surface is uneven 
and hilly ; soil, loam, fertile, and adapted to 
grass. Drained by 3Iurderer's cr., lluwing into 
Hudson r., which last bounds it on the e. The 
V. is situated on the w. side of Hudson r., and 
contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Episcopal church, 
1 store, 2 warehouses, 1 ship yard and railway, 
40 dwellings, and about 251 iidiabitants. Two 
sloops and 1 barge run to New Vork. De Witt 
Clint(m was born here, and his father's house is 
still standing, and in good repair. There are in 
the t. 9 sch. 641 scholars. Pop. 2,482. 

New Windsor, p-v., Carroll co., Md., 65 n. 
w. Annapolis, 66 W. 

New W^oodstock, pv., Cazenovia t., 3Iadison 
CO., N. Y., 115 VV. by x. Albany, 347 W. It con- 
tains 2 churches, 2 stores, 1 woollen fac, 1 grist 
m., 1 saw m., 50 dwellings, and about 300 in- 
habitants. 



NEW YORK. 



New York, the most northern of the middle United States, and the most populous state in the 
Union, is bounded x. by Lake Ontario, the river St. Lawrence, and Lower Canada ; e. by Ver- 
mont, Massachusetts, and Connecticut ; s. by the Atlantic, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania ; and 
w. by Pennsylvania, Lake Erie, and Niagara river. It lies between 39° 45' and 45° x. lat., and 
between 73° and 79° 55' w. Ion., and between 2° 51' w., and 5° e. long, from W. It is about 316 
miles long, and 314 broad ; containing 46,000 square miles, or 11,040,000 acres. The population in 
1790, was 340,120; in 1800,586,050; in 1810, 959,049; in 1820, 1,372,812; in 183), 1913,5)8; m 
1840, 2,423,921. Of these, 853,929 were white males, 816,276 do. females ; 6,435 free colored 
males, 6,428 do. females. Employed in mining, 1,898; in agriculture, 455,954; in commerce, 
28,468; manufactures and trades, 173,193; navigating the ocean, 5,511; do. lakes and canals, 
10,167; learned professions, 14,111. 

This state is divided into 5S counties, which, with their population in 1840, and their capitals, are 
as follows: Albaxv, 68,593, Albany; Alleghany, 40,975, Angelica; Broome, 22,338, Bingham- 
ton; Cattaraugus, 28,372, EUicottsville ; Cayuga, 50,333, Auburn ; Chautauque, 47,975, 3Iay- 
ville; Chemung, 20,732, Elmira ; Che.na.ngo, 40,785, Norwich; Clinton, 28,157, Plattsburgh; 
Cortland, 24,607, Cortlandville ; Delaware, 35,396, Delhi; Erie, 62,465, BufTalo; Essex, 
23,634, Elizabethlowii ; Fraxki.ix, 16,518, Malone; Fultox, 18,049, Johnstown ; Gexesee, 59,.'>37, 
Batavia; Hajiiltox, 1,907, Lake Pleasant; Herkimer, 37,477, Herkimer; Jeffersox, 60,984, 

59 



NEW 466 NEW 

Watertown; Lewis, 17,830, Martinsburg ; Livingston, 35,140, Geneseo : Madison, 40,003, Mor- 
risville; Monroe, 64,902, Rochester; Montgomery, 35,818, Canajoharie; Niagara, 31,132, 
Lockport ; Oneida, 85,310, Utica, Rome, Whitestown; Onondaga, 67,911, Syracufe ; Ontario, 
43,501, Canandaigua ; Orleans, 25,127, Albion; Oswego, 43,619, Oswego, Pulaski; Otsego, 
49,628, Cooperstown ; Rensellaer, 60,295, Troy ; Saratoga, 40,553, Ballston ; Schenectady, 
17,387, Selienectady ; Schoharie, 32,358, Schoharie ; Seneca, 24,874, Ovid, Waterloo ; St. Law- 
rence, 56,706, Canton; Steuben, 46,138, Bath; Tioga, 20,527, Owego; Tompkins, 37,948, Itha- 
ca ; Warren, 13,422, Caldwell; Washington, 41,080, Salem, Sandy Hill; Wayne, 42,057, 
Lyons ; Yates, 20,444, Penn Yan ; Columbia, 43,252, Hudson ; Dutchess, 52,393, Poughkeep- 
sie; Greene, 30,446, Cat.skill ; Kings, 47,613, Brooklyn; New York, 312,710, New York; 
Orange, 50,739, Goshen, Newburg ; Putnam, 12,825, Carmel ; Queens, 30,324, North Hempstead ; 
Richmond, 10,965, Richmond; Rockland, 11,975, Clarkstown ; Suffolk, 32,469, Riverhead; 
Sullivan, 15,629, Monticello ; Ulster, 45,822, Kingston ; Westchester, 43,636, Bedford, White 
Plains. These counties are divided into 807 townsliips, including 9 cities, and 125 incorporated 
villages. 

The capital of the state is Albany, on the w. bank of the Hudson r., 145 ms. n. of New York. 

Tlds state has a great variety of surface. Two chains of highlands, rising in some parts to moun- 
tains, pass along the eastern part of the state, and may be regarded as a continuation of the eastern 
chain of the Alleghanies. One of these, coming from New Jersey, crosses the Hudson near West 
Point, constituting what are called the Highlands, and passing northward, separates the waters 
which fall into the Hudson from those which fall into Long Island sound. The other, and prin- 
cipal range, comes from Pennsylvania, and forms the Catskill mountains, and proceeding n. crosses 
the Mohawk, and forms, in the n. e. part of the state, opposite to Lake Champlain, some high summits 
called the Adirondack moimtains. The highest peak of the Catskill mountains is Round Top, 
3,804 feet high. Pine Orchard, 2,274 ft. high, back of Catskill, has a fine hotel, which is much fre- 
quented in the summer season, and which embraces a prospect 70 miles in extent, including the 
Hudson river, whitened with sails, and skirted in the distance by tlie lofty Green mountains. The 
highest summits west of Lake Champlain, are Whiteface, about 5,000, and Mount Marcy, 5,460 feet 
high. The country in the eastern part of the state is generally hilly, where it is not mountainous. 
In the western part of the state it is level, excepting in the s. toward the Pennsylvania line, where 
it becomes uneven and rough. The soil is generally good, and in some parts exceedingly fertile. 
The eastern part is best adapted to grazing, and the western to grain. Wheat, Indian com, grass, 
rye, barley, oats, buckwheat, and potatoes are raised in great quantities. Beef and pork, butter 
and cheese, horses and cattle, pot and pearl ashes, flax seed, peas, beans, and lumber, form exten- 
sive articles of export. Apples, pears, plums, and peaches, succeed well in difTerent parts of the 
state. In this state there were in 1840, 474,543 horses and mules ; 1,911,244 neat cattle ; 5,118,777 
sheep; 1,900,065 swine; poultry to the value of $1,153,413. There were produced 12,286,418 
bushels of wheat ; 2,520,060 of barley ; 20,675,847 of oats ; 2,979,323 of rye ; 2,287,885 of buck- 
wheat ; 10,972,286 of Indian corn ; 9,845,295 pounds of wool ; 447,250 of hops ; 30,123,614 bushels 
of potatoes ; 3,127,047 tons of hay ; 1,735 pounds of silk cocoons ; 10,048,109 pounds of sugar. 
The products of the dairy amounted to $10,496,021 ; and of the orchard to $1,701,935; of lumber 
to $3,891,302. There were produced 6,799 gallons of wine ; and of pot and pearl ashes 7,613 tons ; 
tar, pitch, turpent'ne, &c., 402 barrels. 

The climate of New York is various. The winters on the seacoast are mild, but changeable. 
In the N. E. part they are severe, but more uniform. In the extensive level country w. of the 
mountains, the climate is more mild than in the same latitude in the e. 

The principal rivers are the Hudson, 324 miles long, navigable for sloops 156 miles to Troy, and 
enters into New York bay, and thence into the Atlantic; the Mohawk, 135 miles long, which en- 
ters the Hudson a little above Troy ; the Genesee, 125 miles long, and enters Lake Ontario, 
having at Rochester, 5 miles from its mouth, two falls of 96 and 75 feet, furnishing many of the finest 
mill seats ; Black river, which rises near the sources of the Hudson, and flows 120 miles hito 
Lake Ontario ; the Saranac, 65 miles long, enters Lake Champlain at Plattsburgh ; the Oswe- 
gatchie flows 100 miles, into the St. Lawrence ; the Oswego proceeds 40 miles, from Oneida lake 
into Lake Ontario ; tlie Au Sable rises in the Adirondack mts., and after a course of 75 miles enters 
Lake Champlaui. The majestic St. Lawrence forms a part of the northern boundary of the state. 
The head branches of the Susquehanna, the Alleghany, and the Delaware, rise in this state. 

The state has a considerable number of lakes which lie wholly within it, besides Lake Ontario 
on the N., and Champlain on the e., which are but partly within it. Besides these, Lake George 
in the N. E., 33 ms. long and 2 broad, is a beautiful sheet of water, surrounded by the most pic- 
turesque scenery, and has an outlet into Lake Champlain. In the western part oi the state are 
Oneida lake, 20 ms. long and 3i wide; Skeneateles lake, 15 ms. long and 1 to li broad : Owasco 
lake, 11 ms. long and 1 to 2 broad ; Cayuga lake, 33 ms. long and 1 to 4 broad ; Seneca lake. 35 
me. long and 2 to 4 broad ; Crooked lake, 18 ms. long and 1 to li broad ; Canandaigua lake, 14 ms. 



NEW 467 NEW 

long and 1 broad. These lakes all discharge their waters into Lake Ontario. In the extreme w. 
part of the state is Chautauque lake, 18 nis. long and 1 to 3 broad ; situated near Lake Erie, but dis- 
charging its waters s. into the Alleghany river. 

The islands of New York are — Long Island, 120 miles long from w. to e., and about 10 miles as 
its average breadth. It contains Kings, Queens, and Suffolk counties. Within the bays, at its E. 
part, are Fisher's Island, Shelter Island, Robins's Island, and some others. Staten Island, s. w. of 
the harbor of New York, is 13 miles long and 8 wide, and constitutes the county of Richmond. 
Manhattan Island, on which the City of New York stands, is 15 miles long, and about U wide 
at an average breadth, and contains the county of New York. Grand Island, in Niagara river, is 
12 miles long, and from 2 to 7 wide, and extends to within Is miles of the falls. 

The harbor of New York city is one of the finest in the United States, and is on New York bay, 
which extends 8 miles above the Narrows, and is about 25 miles in circumference. It is safe, spa- 
cious, and accessible at all seasons of the year. On the bar, at Sandy Hook, it has a depth of 
from 21 to 27 feet, and is deeper above. The Hudson is navigable for large ships, about 130 miles 
to Hudson. Sag Harbor on the e., and Brooklyn on the w. end of Long Island, have good harbors. 
Sacketts Harbor has a good natural, and Oswego a good artificial harbor on Lake Ontario. Buf- 
falo and Dunkirk are harbors on Lake Erie. 

New York is the chief commercial ciiy of the state, and of the United States. Situated on ait 
island of the same name, it has a harbor on three sides ; and its facilities for commerce with all 
parts of the country and of the world, are unrivalled ; and in the amount of its shipping, it is second 
only to London. Brooklyn, on Long Island, opposite New York, must be regarded as an append-- 
age of the great city, though it has become itself a large city, being the second in population in the 
state, and the seventh in the Union. Albany, Rochester, Troy, Buffalo, and Utica, are large and 
flourishing cities. Pougldceepsie, Newburgh, Hudson, Cattskill, and Lansingburgh, on the Hudson ; 
Schenectady, on the Alohawk; Geneva, Syracuse, Auburn, Lockport, and Ithaca, in the w., and 
Plattsburgh in the n., are large and flourishing places. 

The commerce of New York greatly surpasses that of every other state in the Union. The ex- 
ports in 1840, were $34,264,080 ; and the imports were .$60,440,750. 

In the year 1840, there were 469 commercial and 1,044 commission houses engaged in foreign 
trade, with a capital of $49,533,001 ; 12,207 retail drygoods and other stores, wi'h a capital of 
$42,135,795; 9,592 persons engaged in the lumber trade, with a capital of $2,694,170; 7,593 per- 
sons engaged in internal transportation, and 804 butchers, packers, &c., the whole employing a 
capital of .$2,833,916; the fisheries employed 1,223 persons, and a capital of $949,250. 

The manufactures of New York are also extensive. Home-made or family goods were produced 
amounting to $4,635,517 ; 323 woollen manufactories, with 890 fulling mills, employing 4,636 per- 
sons, produced articles to the amount of $3,537,337, and employed a capital of $3,469,349; 117 
cotton manufactories, with 211,659 spindles, employed 7,407 persons, and a capital of $4,900,772; 
332 persons produced 2,867,884 bushels of salt, employing a capital of $5,601,000 ; 186 furnaces 
produced 29,038 tons of cast iron, and 120 forges, &c., produced 53,693 tons of bar iron, consumed 
123,677 tons of fuel, employed 3,456 persons, and a capital of $2,103,418; 9 smelting houses pro- 
duced 670,000 pounds of lead, employing 333 persons, and a capital of $221,000; 77 paper mills 
produced articles to the amount of $673,121, and other paper manufactures produced $89,637, the 
whole employing 749 persons, and a capital of $703,550 ; hats and caps were manufactured to the 
amount of $2,914,117, and straw bonnets to the amount of $160,248, the whole employing 3,880 
persons, and a capital of $1,676,559 ; 1,216 tanneries employed 5,579 persons, and a capital of 
$3,907,343; other leather manufactories, as saddleries, &c., produced articles to the value of 
$6,232,924, and employed a capital of $2,743,765 ; 13 glass houses and 11 glass cutting establish- 
ments, employed 498 persons, produced articles to the amount of $411,371, and employed a capital 
of $204,700 ; 47 potteries employed 197 persons, producing articles to the amomit of $159,292, and 
employed a capital of $88,450; machinery was produced to the amount of $2,895,517, employing 
3,631 persons; hardware and cutlery employed 962 persons, and produced articles to the value of 
$1,566,974; 112 cannon and 8,308 small-arms were manufactured by 203 persons, to the value of 
$1,106,203; 1,713 persons manufactured the precious metals to the amount of $1,106,203; 1,447 
persons manufactured granite and marble to the amount of $966,220 ; 489 persons manufactured 
11,939,831 pounds of soap, 4,029,783 pounds of tallow candles, and 533,000 pounds of spermaceti 
candles, with a capital of $618,875 ; 669 persons manufactured tobacco to the amount of $831,570, 
with a capital of $3J5,530 ; 212 distilleries produced 11,973,815 gallons, and 83 breweries produced 
6,059,122 gallons, the whole employing 1,486 persons, and a capital of $3,107,066: 4,710 persons 
manufactured carriages and wagons to the amount of $2,364,461, with a capital of $1,485,023; 338 
flouring mills manufactured 1,861,385 barrels of fllour, and with other mills produced articles to the 
amount of 16,953,280, employing 10,807 persons, and a capital of $14,648,814 ; sliips were built to 
the amount of $797,317 ; furniture was manufactured to the amount of $1,971,776, employing 3,660 
persons, and a capital of $1,610,810; 3,160 persons produced bricks and lime to the amount of 



NEW 468 NEW 

$1,198,527 ; 1,233 brick and 5,198 wooden lious-es were built by 16,768 persons, and cost $7,265,844 ; 
321 printing offices, and 107 binderies, 34 daily, 13 semi-weekly or triweekly, and 19 S weekly 
newspapers, and 57 periodicals, employed 3,231 persons, and a capital of $1,876,540. Tlie whole 
amount of capital employed in manufactures in 1840, was $55,252,779. 

This state has a number of respectable literary institutions. Columbia College (formerly King's) was 
founded in New York in 1754, and is conducted by the Episcopalians ; Union College, at Schenectady, 
was founded in 1795 ; Hamilton College, in Clinton, was founded in 1812 ; Geneva College, conducted 
by the Episcopalians, wa.s founded in Geneva, in 1S23; the University of the City of New York, 
was founded in 1S31. The Hamilton Literary and Theological Seminary was founded in Hamil- 
ton, by the Baptists, in 1819. The Theological Institute of the Episcopal Church, was founded by 
the Episcopalians, in New York, in 1819 ; the New York Theological Seminary, connected with 
the University, was founded by the Presbyterians, in 1836 ; the Theological Seminary, at Auburn, 
was founded by the Presbyterians, in 1821 ; the Hartwick Seminary, at Hartwick, in Otsego 
county, was founded by the Lutherans, in 1816 ; the Theological Seminary of the Associate Re- 
formed Church was founded at Newburg, in 1836 ; the College of Physicians and Surgeons in the 
city of New York, was founded in 1807 ; the Albany Medical College, was founded in 1839. All 
these institutions hud in 1840, 1,2S5 students; besides, there were in the state, 505 academies, with 
34,715 students, and 10,593 common and primary schools, with 502,367 scholars, and 44,452 per- 
sons over 20 years of age who could neither read nor write. 

Of the religious denominations in 1838, the Presbyterians and Congregationalists had 564 mini.s- 
■ter.s, and 86,000 communicants; the Baptists had 483 ministers, and 67,183 communicants; the 
JVleth.odists had 591 ministers, and 30,700 communicants; the Dutch Reformed, 142 ministers, and 
15,800 communicants ; the Episcopalians had 207 ministers, and about 10,000 communicants ; the 
Associate Reformed had 30 ministers ; the Lutherans 27 ; the Roman Catholics 32 ; the Univer- 
salists 25 ; the Unitarians 8 ; besides a few others. 

There were in the state Jan. 1st, 1840, 96 banks, with an aggregate capital of $36,801,460, and a 
circulation of $10,629,514. A number of these banks have recently been discontinued. At the 
close of 1810, the state debt amounted to $20,165,254. 

The state lias 2 penitentiaries ; one at Sing Sing, on the Hudson river, and the other at Auburn ; 
the latter is regarded as a model for such institutions. 

The present constitution of the state government was adopted in 1821. The legislature consists 
of a senate composed of 32 members, elected by the people, one fourth of whom are renewed 
every year ; and an assembly, of 128 members, chosen annually, by a universal suffrage of all 
male citizens over 21 years of age, except colored persons, who must have a freehold worth $250. 
The governor and lieutenant-governor are chosen for two years, by the people, by a plurality of 
votes. 

The chancellor and judges of the supreme court are chosen by the governor and senate, and 
hold their offices during good behavior, or until they are 60 years of age. 

New York has taken the lead of her sister states in the great works of internal improvement ; 
and her example and success have stimulated the other states to undertake their great works. The 
Erie canal was commenced in July, 1817, and completed in 1825. It extends from Albany to 
Buffalo, 363 miles, and cost originally $7,143,789. This sum will be more than doubled by the pres- 
ent widening of it. The Charnplain canal, from Albany to Whitehall, 79 miles, was carried on 
simultaneously, and cost $1,257,604. The Oswego canal, from Syracuse to Oswego, 38 miles, was 
completed in 132S, at a cost of $.565,437. The Cayuga and Seneca canal, from Montezuma to 
Geneva, 21 miles, was completed in 1823, at a cost of $236,804. The Chemung canal, extends 
from Elmira to Seneca lake, including a feeder to Painted Post, 39 miles, and cost $331,693. The 
Crooked Lake canal extends from Crooked lake to Seneca lake, 8 miles, and cost $156,776. Che- 
nango canal extends from Binghamton to Utica, 97 miles, and cost $2,270,605. The above are al! 
branches of the great Erie canal, and their united length is 655 miles; and the cost of the whole 
$11,962,711. The Black River canal extends from the Erie canal, at Rome, to the foot of the high 
falls in Leyden, on Black river, 35 miles, with a navigable feeder of 11 miles ; the cost, including 
the improvement of the navigation of the river, 40 miles, to Carthage, $1,068,437. The Genesee 
and Alleghany canal extends from Rochester to Olean. on the Alleghany, 107 miles, with a branch 
of 15 miles, estimated to cost $2,002,285. The Delaware and Hud.^-on canal commences at Eddy- 
ville, on the Rondout creek, near the Hud.son, and reaches to Honesdale, on the Lackawaxen river, 
passing to, and through Delaware river, J09 miles, and cost $2,231,320. 

Many railroads have been projected in the state, and the following have been completed. The 
Harlem railroad extends from New York to Fordham, 12 miles ; the Long Island railroad extends 
from Brooklyn to Suffolk station, 41 miles, to be continued through the island to Greenport; the 
Hudson and Berkshire railroad extends from Hudson to West Stockbridge, 33 miles ; the Catskill 
and Canajoharie railroad, to connect the two places, 78 miles, partly completed ; the Rensselaer 
and Saratoga railroad extends from Troy to Ballston, 23 miles; the Mohawk and Hudson railroad 
connects Albany and Schenectady, 16 miles ; the Saratoga and Schenectady, 31i miles, connects 



NEW 



469 



NEW 



the two places ; the Utica and Schenectady connects these places, 77 miles; the Syracuse and 
Utica continues this road 53 miles w., to Syracuse ; the Syrai-UisC and Auburn railroad continues 
this road to Auburn, 26 miles ; the Auburn and Rochester railroad continues it 80 miles w., to 
Rochester. The Towanda railroad connects Rochester and Attica, 45 miles, and is now bein" con- 
tinued to Buffalo. Buffalo and Niagara Falls railroad connects the two places, 23 miles. Lockport 
and Niagara Falls railroad connects these places, 20 miles. Ithaca and Owego railroad joins the two 
place.«, 2J miles; the Rochester railroad extends from Rochester to Port Genesee, 3 miles ; Bath 
railroad extends from Bath to Crooked lake, 5 miles ; Port Kent and Keesville railroad connects 
the two places, 4^ miles. The New York and Erie railroad is one of the greatest undertakings of 
the kind in the world. It commences at Piermont, 22 miles above New York, on the Hudson, and 
is to extend through the southern counties of the slate, 353 miles, to Dunkirk, on Lake Erie. The 
estimated cost of the work is $5,473,000. This road is completed and in operation to Goshen, 45 
miles from Piermont, and other sections of it are completed or in great progress. 

Hudson river and the island of Manhattan, now New York, were discovered by Henry Hudson, 
an Englishman, in the service of the Dutch. The first permanent settlement was made by the 
Dutch, on Manhattan island, in 1614. In 1664, the English, under Richard Nichols, took the coun- 
try for the Duke of York ; and by the peace of Breda, in 1667, the Dutch confirmed the colony to 
the English. In 1673, an expedition from Holland took the city of New York, and soon after the 
whole colony submitted. The following year the country was restored by the treaty of We.st- 
minister, and the Duke of York took out a new patent. The first legislative assembly of the 
province met in October, 1683. In 1693, Episcopacy was made the established religion of the 
province. The inhabitants of New Y'ork bore an important part in the French war, and in the 
war of the revolution. In September, 1776, the British captured and occupied New Y'ork, and held 
possession of it until the peace, in 1783. On the 26th of July, 1788, this state, in convention, adopt- 
ed the constitution of the United States — yeas 30 ; nays 25 ; majority, 5. 



New York, city, the principal city of the state 
of New York, and in population, commerce, and 
wealth, the largest city of the United States, is 
situated on the s. end of New York or Manhattan 
island, at the conlluence of the Hudson or North 
river, and a strait called the East river, which 
connects Long Island sound with the harbor of 
jNew York. The City Hall is in 40° 42' 40" n. 
!at., and 71° 1' 8" w. Ion. from Greenwich; and 
2° 51' E. Ion. from Washington. It is 86 ms. n. 
E. from Philadelphia; 210 s. w. from Boston; 
225 N. E. from Washington ; 670 n. e. from 
Charleston, S. C. ; 1,3)7 n. e. from New Orleans ; 
145 s. from Albany ; 372 s. from iMontreal. The 
population in 1790, was 33,131 ; in 1800, 60,489; 
in lolO, 96,373 ; in 1820, 123,706 ; in 1830, 202,5 S9 ; 
in 1840, 312,710. Employed in commerce, 1 1,365 ; 
in manufectiires and trades, 43,390; in navigating 
the ocean, 2,7"*6 ; do. rivers, lakes, and canals, 716 ; 
learned professions and engineers, 2,929. 

The city and county have the .same limits, 
comprising the whole island, which extends from 
the Battery, on the s., 13i miles, to Kingsbridge. 
on the N'., with an average width of 1 mile and 
three fiftlis. 'J'lie greatest breadth is 2 miles and 
one eighth, and the area of the whole island about 
14,000 acres. It is separated from the main land, 
in Westchester county, by Harletn river, a strait 
through which the tide flows. The strait de- 
nontinatcd the East river, separates it from Long 
Island on the e. ; on th.e s. is the bay and harbor ; 
and on the w. is Hudson river, which separates 
it from New Jersey. Three bridges across Har- 
lem river connect the island with the main land. 
Several islands in the harbor, and in the East 
river, are attached to the city. 

The harbor of New York is safe and commo- 
dious, being about 25 miles in circumference, 
and ve.ssels of the largest size come up to the 
wharves at the city. The entrance over the bar 
at Sandy Hook, has a depth of water from 21 to 
27 feet ; and tlience to the city the channel is 
from 35 to 50 feet deep. The entrance to the 
harbor, between Staten Island, on the w., and 
Long Island, on t!ie e., is called the Narrows, 
which is about one third of a mile wide, and is , 
well defended by strong fortifications. There! 



are also batteries on Bedlow's and Ellis's islands, 
further up the harbor. There are strong fortifi- 
cations for the defence of the city on Governor's 
island, which contains 70 acres of ground, and is 
distant 3,200 feet from the city, at the Battery. 
Castle Williams, on the w. side of the island, is 
a round tower, 600 feet in circumference, and 60 
feet high, with three tiers of guns. Fort Colum- 
bus is on the highest point of the island ; and on 
the E. side is a battery to defend the entrance 
through Buttermilk channel. A considerable 
United Stiites garrison occupies the island, on 
which are extensive barracks. 

The most elevated ground on the island of 
New York, is 238 feet above tidewater. The 
city which is built extends over three miles on 
each river, and in its compact parts has a circum- 
ference of about 9 .miles. The streets were 
originally laid out according to the surface of the 
ground, and some of them were crooked ; and, in 
imitation of European cities, many of them were 
narrow. But, in latter times, they have been 
widened and improved at a great expense ; and 
in the newer parts of the city, comprehending a 
large part of it, care has been taken to lay out 
the streets straight, regularly, and of sufficient 
widtli. Broadway, 80 feet wide, is the principal 
thoroughfare, and extends from the Battery, at 
the s., nearly 3 miles, to Union square, where it 
joins the Bloomingdale road and the 4th avenue, 
which extends through the island to Harlem. 
Broadway is entirely straight through its whole 
course, and occupies the height of land between 
the North and East rivers. Greenwich-street, 
near the North river, commences at the Battery, 
and runs parallel with the river, through the 
whole extent of the city. It is wide and hand- 
somely built. Pearl-street, between Broadway 
and the East river, is in a crescent form, over a 
mile in length, contains many spacious ware- 
houses, and IS the principal seat of the drygoods 
and hardware business, which has also extended 
into Cedar and Pine, and other adjacent streets. 
Front and Water streets, between Pf'arl-street 
and the East river, are occupied chiefly by whole- 
sale grocers, commission merchants, and mechan- 
ics connected with the sltipping business. Soutlu 



NEW 



470 



NEW 



street, extending along the margin of the East 
river, contains the warehouses and offices of the 
principal shipping merchants. Wall-slreet, ex- 
tendnig from Broadway to the East river, is 
occupied by banlvs, insurance offices, newspaper 
and hrokers' offices — has the Merchants' Ex- 
chance, and other fine granite buildings, and is 
the great centre of the heaviest money transac- 
tions in the country. The Bowery is a wide and 
exteii.sive street to the E. of Broadway, running 
N. and s., and connected with the Third avenue, 
which is macadamized to Harlem, and forms the 
great entrance to the city from the n. e. East 
Broadway, Henry, and Madison streets, in the 
N. E., and Bleecker, Bond, and other streets, in the 
N. part of the city, are beautifully built. Canal- 
street, much below the centre of population, half 
a mile n. of the City Hall, is a wide street, with 
a large canal under it, from which it receives its 
name, is occupied by stores, and is the seat of an 
extensive retail trade. It crosses Broadway near- 
ly at right angles, and extends to the North river. 
In the year I :!00, the site of this street was a large 
pond, extending nearly across the island, and 
which received the drainage of 400 acres of 
ground. This was the northern limit of Broad- 
way until 1801, and then far beyond the thickly 
settled parts of the city. 

The principal part of the shipping lies on the 
East river, and a walk along South-street presents 
a den.se forest of masts. Many vessels lie also 
in the North river; and there are continually not 
less probably than from 800 to 1,000 vessels lying 
at the wharves and in the harbor. New York is 
the second commercial city in the world, and in 
its harbor are generally to be found vessels, not 
only from the principal ports of the United States, 
but from most of the commercial nations on the 
globe. Its insular situation gives it a great ex- 
tent of harbor, and it is rarely ob.structed or 
much incommoded by ice. The tonnage of the 
port for tiie year 18 10, was 414,817. The amount 
of imports lor the year 1841, was $75,268,015 ; 
of exports, was $30,731,519. The amount of 
duties paid at the port, was $10,802,119. Two 
lines of steamships connect New York — one with 
Liverpool, and the other with Southampton, Eng- 
land, and Antwerp, Belgium. • Besides these, 
several lines of packets connect it with London, 
Liverpool, and Havre. The New York and 
Liverpool line consists of 20 ships of the first 
class, with a large capacity for freight, and elegant 
accommodations for passengers ; and one vessel 
sails from each place every sixth day. The New 
York and London packets consist of 12 large 
ship.?, one of which sails from each place every 
ten days. One line of the New York and Havre 
packets consists of 12 ships of the first class, one 
of which sails from each place every eight days ; 
another line, of 6 ships, sails from each place 
monthly. Lines are also established to ail the 
important ports on the coast of the United States, 
and many of them are steamboat lines. There 
are also lines to some ports in the West Indies, 
in Mexico, and in South America. The foreign 
arrivals in New York in 1841, were 2,118; the 
number of passengers was 57,334. The passen- 
gers from domestic ports by sea were 8,9.iO. 

The most splendid public building in the city 
is the Merchants' Exchange, in Wall-street, 
though its confined situation does not exhibit it 
to advantage. It covers the whole space between 
Wall, William, Exchange, and S. William streets 
— is constructed of blue Quincy granite, and is 
200 feet long by 171 and 141 feet wide, and 77 
feet high to the top of the cornice, and 124 feet to 
the top of the dome. The front, on Wall-slreet, 



has a recessed portico of 13 massive columns, 33 
feet high and 4 feet 4 inches in diameter, each 
from a solid block of stone, and weighing 43 tons. 
Besides numerous other rooms, the exchange in 
the centre is in a circular form, HO feet in diame- 
ter, with 4 recesses, making the whole length 
and breadth 100 feet, 80 feet higli, and surmo\int- 
ed by a dome, resting in part upon 8 Corinthian 
columns of Italian marble, 41 feet high, and light- 
ed by a sky-light, 25 feet in diameter. I'he whole 
cost of this building, including the ground, is es- 
timated at $1,800,000. Not less splendid is the 
('ustom House, built of white marble, of the 
Doric order, something after the model of the 
Parthenon, at Athens. It occupies the site of the 
old city hall, in the open gallery of which Wash- 
ington was inaugurated as first president of the 
United States. It is 200 feet long, 90 feet wide, 
and 80 feet high. Each of the n. and s. fronts 
has a portico of 8 cohmins, 5 feet 8 inches in di- 
ameter, and 32 feet high. The great business 
hall is a splendid circular room, of 60 feet in 
diameter, with recesses and galleries. Exclusive 
of the ground on which it stands, and of its furni- 
ture, it cost $950,000. The entire cost, including 
the ground, is estimated at $1,175,000. Both the 
above buildings are entirely incombustible. 

The City Hall, heretofore regarded as much 
the finest building in the city, is more beautifully 
situated than any other, in the middle of the 
Park, where it shows to great advantage. It has 
more ornament than either the exchange or cus- 
tom house, but less simple grandeur. It is, how- 
ever, unquestionably one of the finest buildings 
in the United Stales. It is 216 feet long and 105 
broad, and has the Ionic, Corinthian, and com- 
posite orders rishig in regular gradation. The 
front and both ends above the basement are built 
of white marble ; the rear of brown freestone. 
Rising from the middle of the roof is a handsome 
cupola, oa the top of which is a colossal figure 
of Justice. There are some splendid rooms in 
the interior. The edifice cost $533,731. A large 
brick building in the rear of the city hall, is oc- 
cupied with various public offices and courts, 
and by the hall of the American Institute, with 
its library and models of machinery. 

The Hall of Justice occupies the whole space 
between Leonard, Elm, Franklin, and Centre 
streets, and is a unique and beautiful building, of 
the Egyptian order of architecture, constructed 
of a light-colored granite. It has a court and 
other rooms ; and connected with it, in the rear, 
is the House of Detention. 

The Hall of the University of New York, in 
the upper part of the city, on Washington square, 
is a splendid building, of Gothic architecture, 
180 feet long by 100 feet wide, so situated as to 
appear to great advantage. Columbia College is 
a handsome building, finely situated in the lower 
part of the city. Trinity Church, on Broadway, 
tronting Wall-street, will, when completed, be 
the most complete and splendid Gothic structure 
in the United States. St. Paul's Episcopal Church, 
in Broadway, with a steeple 234 feet high ; and 
St. John's Episcopal Church, on St. John's square, 
with a steeple 210 feet high, possess fine propor- 
tions and elegant arciiitecture. 

The Dutch Church, on Washington square, is 
a splendid Gothic building. Many other churches, 
as the French Protestant Church, in Franklin- 
street; St. Patrick's Cathedral, in Prince-street; 
the Society Library, Gothic Hall, and St. Thom- 
as's Episcopal Church, in Broadway, and the 
Baptist Church, m Broome-street, are imposing 
buildings. 

Among the hotels, several of which are fina 



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buildings, the Astor House, iu Broadway, is the 
most distinguished. It is built of Quincy granite, 
and contains 390 rooms. It is said by travellers, 
that there is notliing of the kind, in London or 
Paris, which equals it. 

Among the public places, those most worthy 
of notice are the Battery, a beautiful public 
ground, on the .s. pohit of the island, in the form 
of a crescent, containing 11 acres ; the Park, in 
tlie centre of the lower part of the city, contain- 
ing lOi acres, laid out with walks, shaded with 
trees, and surrounded with a neat iron fence, 
which cost $15,653. It is ornamented by a large 
and splendid ibuntain, supplied by the Croton 
water. St. John's square, iu the w. part of the 
city, containing 4 acres, beautifully laid out with 
walks and trees, and surrounded by an elegant 
iron fence, which cost $"26,000 ; Wasliington 
Square, U mile n. of the city hall, containing 91 
acres, which spreads before the New York Uni- 
versity ; Union Square, with a beautiful elliptical 
enclosure, at the termination of Broadway on the 
N., and ornamented by an elegant fountain, sup- 
plied by the Croton water. Several other squares 
exist in the n. part of the city, not yet fully regu- 
lated. 

A large number of the streets, stores, and other 
buildings of the city are lighted with gas. The 
expense of gas and lamps in 1810, was !pl20,676; 
of city watch, was $:223,950 ; and of cleaning 
the streets, S14y,'J31. 

The most splendid and expensive public work 
undertaken by the city, is the Croton water- 
works. The aqueduct commences at the Croton 
river, 5 ms. from Hudson r. in Westcliester co. 
The dam is "250 feet long, 70 wide at bottom, and 
7 at top, and 40 feet high, built of stone and ce- 
ment. It creates a pond 5 ms. long, covering 
400 acres, and contains 500 millions ol gallons of 
water. From the dam, the aqueduct proceeds, 
sometimes tunnelling through solid rocks, cross- 
ing valleys by embankments, and brooks by cul- 
verts, until it reaches Harlem r., a distance of 33 
ms. It is built of stone, brick, and cement, 
arched over and under, 6 feet 'J inches wide at 
bottom, 7 feet 5 inches at the top of the side- 
walls, and 8 feet 5 inches high, has a descent of 
13k inches per mile, and will discharge 60 mil- 
lions of gallons in 24 hours. It will cross Harlem 
r. on a magnificent bridge of stone, 1,450 feei 
long, with 14 piers, 8 of 8J feet span, and 7 of 50 
feet span, 114 feet from high tidewater to the top, 
and which will cost $yoO,oOO. This bridge is in 
progress, and for the present the water is brought 
across the r. in an iron pipe, laid as an inverted 
syphon. The receiving reservoir is at 86th st., 
38 ms. from the Croton dam, and covers 35 acres, 
and contains 150 millions ol gallons. The water 
is conveyed to the distributing reservoir on Mur- 
ray's hili, 40th street, in iron pipes. It covers 4 
acres, and is built of stone and cement, 43 feet 
high above the street, and hold.s 20 millions of 
gallons. Thence the water is distribuicd over 
the city in iron pipes, laid so deep under ground 
as to be secure from frost. The whole cost ot the 
work will be about i§12,000,i«)0. The water is 
of the finest kind of river water. ^lO city in the 
world is now more plentifully supplied wi;h pure j 
and wholesome water than the city of N. York; 
and the supply would be abundant, if the popu- 
lation were five times its present number. 

The Harlem railroad extends from the City 
Hall through Centre-street to Broome-street ; 
turns at right angles to the Bowery, where it 
turns again nearly at right angles, and follows 
the Bowery to the 4th Avenue, on which it ex- 
tends to Harlem, 8 miles ; and it is continued 



several miles further to Fordham. A part of its 
course is a deep cut through solid rock, with a 
short tunnel and high embankments. It has a 
double track the whole length, and is the most 
expensive railroad, for the distance, in the United 
States. 

There are two colleges in the city. Columbia 
College, founded in 1750, has a president, 10 
professors, about 140 students, and about 14,000 
volumes in its libraries. The New York Uni- 
versity was founded in 1831, and has a chancel- 
lor, and 12 prolessors, about 125 students, and a 
valuable library and philosophical apparatus. 
The General Theological Seminary of the Epis- 
copal Church was established m 1819, has 5 pro- 
fessors, and 75 students, and 7,260 volumes in 
its library. Tlie New York Theological Semi- 
nary was organized in 1836, has three ordinary, 
and 4 extraordinary professors, lOS students, and 
a library of 16,000 volumes. The Public School 
Society had, in May, 1810, 16 schools, with male 
and female and primary departments ; and 46 
primary schools, and 22,955 scholars. The Rut- 
gers Female Institute, in Madison-street, is a 
fiourishing institution, with over 450 pupils. 
The Mechanics' school, in Crosby-street, has 550 
pupils. The Protestant Episcopal school is a 
llourishing institution. The College of Physicians 
and Surgeons, in the city of New i'orkin Crosby- 
street, was founded in 1807. The New York 
jEye Infirmary ; the New York Hospital, situated 
in Broadway, at the head of Pearl street ; and the 
New York Lunatic Asylum, are important insti- 
tutions ; as are tlie Ueaf and Dumb Asylum, near 
the Harlem railroad, between the 4ih and 5th 
Avenues, with 2J0 pupils, and the Institution for 
the Blind on the 8th Avenue, with 70 pupils. 

The New York Society Library, in a fine build- 
ing in Broadway, has 35,000 volumes ; the New 
York Historical Society has 10,000 volumes, with 
many coins and medals ; the Lyceum of Natural 
History has a library and museum ; the National 
Academy of Hesign, instituted in 1826, has pur- 
chased the statuary of the Academy of Fine 
Arts, which it will exhibit with its collection of 
the paintings of living artists ; Clinton Hall As- 
sociation was founded in 183J, for the promotion 
of literature, science, and the arts ; the Mercantile 
Library Association, for the special benefit of 
merchants' clerks, has a library of about 23,000 
volumes, and an annual course of lectures through 
the winter; the Apprentices' Library, founded in 
1820, has 12,000 volumes, read by 1,800 appren- 
tices ; the American Institute, incorporated in 
1833, holds a splendid annual fair, and distri- 
butes premiums. The New York Lyceum, 
founded in 183S, has a respectable library and 
reading room, and sustains in the winter season 
a very able course of lectures. 

The American Bible Society, instituted in 
1816, received for the year ending May 13th, 
1841, $118,860; the American Tract Society, 
founded in 1816, received S9S,962. These 
societies have each a large building in Nassau- 
street. The Home Missionary Society received 
S85,413;the American Board of Comraissioner.s 
received $i35,18.>; the American and Foreign 
bible Society (Baptist) received $26,001 ; the 
Baptist Home 3Iissionary Society received 
!'ijl0,779. 3Iostof these societies hold an anniver- 
sary in N. Y'ork in May. The Methodists have 
a large and extensive book-concern. Tliere are 
many other religious and benevolent societies. 

There are 168 churches in the city of New 
Y'ork, viz : 13 Dutch Reformed, 2 Ge.man Re- 
ibrmed, 27 Episcopal, 24 Presbyterian, 3 Con- 
gregational, 3 Relorraed Presbyterian, 4 Asso- 



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ciate Reformed, 3 Associate churches, 18 Bap- 1 
list, 1 Welch Baptist, 17 Methodist P^piscopal, 1 
Ind. 31ethodist, 3 Associate Protestant Methodist, 

2 Primitive Methodist, 1 Calvinistic Methodist, j 

I German Methodist, 3 Lutheran, 1 Moravian, ] 
4 Friends, 3 Universalis!, "2 Unitarian, 1 Mariners, 

II Roman Catholic, 7 Jevss' Synagogues, 2 New 
Jerusalem, 1 Christ-ian, 1 Providence Chapel, 1 
Congregation of Disciples, 1 Congregation of 
Priiaitive Christians, 1 Mormon or Latter-Day 
Saints, and 9 African, viz, 1 Episcopal, 2 
Baptist, 2 Presbyterian, and 4 Methodist. 

There are in the city about 30 banks, with 
an aggregate capital of about $30,000,000 ; 10 
marine msurance companies, with a capital of 
$3,800,000 ; 22 fire insurance companies, with 
a capital of $6,36a,OUO. There are 4 banks for 
savings. There were in 1840, in the city, 417 
commercial houses and 918 commission houses 
engaged in foreign trade, with a capital of 
$45,'.)4 1,200 ; 3,620 retail drygoods and other 
stores, with a cap. of $14,648,5^.5 ; 61 lumber 
yards, with a cap. of $731,5110 ; 4 furnaces have 
a cap. of $23,0l»0 ; machinery manufactured to 
the amount of $1,150,000 ; hardware and cutlery, 
$135,300 ; precious metals, $932,760 ; of various 
metals, $1,087,800; 18 cotton fac. and 2 dyeing 
and printhig estab., with a cap. of $61,300; 

I spermaceti oil and candle fac, cap. $100,000; 

II distilleries and 15 breweries, with a total cap. 
of $575,076 ; paints, drugs, A:c., with a cap. of 
$648,650 ; 3 glass fac. and 6 glass culling estab., 
with a cap. of $53,000 ; 1 paper fac. ; 7 sugar refi- 
neries, produced articles to the value of .$385,000 ; 
rope walks, cap. $9,800 ; 2 grist m., 8 saw m., 
cap. $146,800 ; cabinet furniture to the amount 
of $916,675. There were built 542 brick and 
stone, and 59 wooden houses, to the value of 
$1,889,100; 113 prmthig offices, 43 binderies, 18 
daily, 45 weekly, and 5 semi-weokly newspa- 
pers, and 28 periodicals, employed 2,029 persons, 
and a cap. of $1,235,320. Total capital in manu- 
fac. $11,228,894. There were 4 colleges, 430 
students, 148 acad. or grammar sch., 7,207 schol- 
ars, 209 com. and primary schools, 32,867 schol- 
ars. 

The city has 6 theatres, 2 museums, and a 
large number of other places of amusement. 
Four steam ferries connect the city to Brooklyn, 

3 to Williamsburg, 2 to Jersey City, and 3 to 
Hoboken ; in which places numbers of those 
doing business in the city, reside. 

Tliere are not more than 5 or 6 cities in Europe 
more populous than iNew York, viz : London, 
Paris, Constantinople, St. Petersburgh, Naples, 
and perhaps Vienna. 

The government of the city is in the hands of 
a mayor and common council. The city is di- 
vided into 17 wards, each of which elects an 
alderman, an assistant alderman, two assessors, 
one collector, and two constables. 

New York was settled in 1612 by the Dutch, 
and in 16;i3 they built a fort at the s. point of 
the island, and in 1642 a Dutch church within 
the fort. In 1664 the city was surrendered to 
the British. In 16!i8, the assessors" valuation of 
property in the whole city, was 78,231/. The 
British had possession of the city during most of 
the revolutionary war. They evacuated it Nov. 
25th, 17i3, when the troops under Gen. Wash- 
ington entered it. The first congress met liere 
in 1765 ; and here Washington was inaugurated 
as first President in the United States, April 
30th, 1739. The yellow fever prevailed in 1795 
and 1305 ; and the cholera in 1832, when 2,467 
persons died in July, and 2,206 in August. On 
tlxe night of December 16th, 1835, a dreadful fire 



swept over 40 acres, covered with stores filled 
with valuable merchandise, and destroyed pro- 
perly to the amount of nearly $18,000,000. The 
burnt district has been entirely rebuilt with in- 
creased convenience and beauty. 

New York, p-v., Switzerland co., la., 103 s. 
E. Indianapolis, 544 W. Situated on the N. bank 
of Ohio r., 8 ms. e. Vevay. 

New York Mills, p-v., Whitestown t., Oneida 
CO., N. Y., 96 w. N. w. Albany, 392 W. Situated 
on Sadaquada cr., which affords good water 
power, it contains 2 churches, 3 stores, a large 
cotton fac, with 2 extensive stone buildings, con- 
taining 400 looms, and with a dyeing and bleach- 
ing establishment, employing 400 persons. The 
buildings and machinery cost $275,000, and it is 
one of the most extensive establishments of the 
kind in the state. The v. contains 150 dwell- 
ings, and about 900 inhabitants. 

NiAGAR.\, county, N. Y. Situated in the n. 
w. part of the state, and contains 484 sq. ms. 
Lake Ontario bounds it on the n., and Niagara r. 
on the w. The country rises gradually from the 
lake shore, to the mountain ridge, from 7 to 12 
ms. distant, and between this ridge and the lake 
is the Ridge road, 3 or 4 ms. n. of the mountain 
ridge, consisting of an arched surface, composed 
of sand and gravel, elevated 130 feet above the 
surface of the lake. Watered by Tonawanda 
cr. The surface on the s. is diversified ; soU, 
generally fertile, adapted to grass and to grain. 
Capital, Lockport. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 20,752, sheep 40,531, swine 2-<,341; wheat 
451,823 bush, produced, Ind. corn 15^,402, buck- 
wheat 13,578, barley 47,786, oats 215,591, pota- 
toes 283,6.(2, sugar 44,05J pounds; 123 stores, 
cap. $369,215; 2 lumberyards, cap. $:iOO; 1 fur- 
nace, 6 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 6 tanneries, 2 
distillerie, 2 breweries, 1 pottery, 5 liouriiig m., 
9 grist m., 45 saw m., 1 oil m., 1 paper fac, 4 
printing offices, 3 weekly newspapers. Cap. in 
manufac. $415,980. 7 acad. 5j6 students, 138 
sch. 7,998 scholars. Pop. 31,132. 

Niagara, t., Niagara co., N. Y., 16 w. Lockport, 
238 w. Albany. Tlie surface is undulating ; 
soil, calcareous, gravelly loam, underlaid wiih 
limestone and gyp^um. It is situated on the 
mountain ridge, and is bounded w. by Niagara r. 
It contains the grand Falls of Niagara, and Goat 
island, and some smaller islands in the r. It has 5 
stores, cap. $15,150 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 
1 furnace, 1 paper m., 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $39,800. 4 sch. 254 scholars. Pop. 
1,277. 

Niagara, r. and falls, N. Y. The r,, which 
connects Lake Erie with Lake Ontario, is about 
33 ms. long, and Hows from s. to n. At its egress 
from Lake Erie, it is three quarters of a mile 
wide, and from 40 to 60 feet deep, and flows with 
a current of about 4 ms. an hour. As it proceeds, 
the r. widens to 6 or 8 ms., embracing several 
islands, the principal of which are Grand 
island, 12 ms. long, and from 2 to 7 ms. wide, 
well wooded, and reaching to within H m. of 
the falls ; and Navy island, much smaller, cele- 
brated in the events of the late Canadian rebel- 
lion. The Fulls of Niagara are about 22 ms. 
below Lake Erie, and 14 above Lake Ontario, 
and are one of the greatest natural curiosities in 
the world. When the traveller first arrives at 
the spot, he stands and gazes, and is lost in ad- 
miration. The mighty volume of water which 
forms the outlet of the great Lakes Superior, 
Michigan, Huron, and Erie, is here precipitated 
over a precipice 160 feet high, with a roar like 
that of thunder, which may be heard, in favora- 
ble circumstances, to tlie distance of 15 miles, 



NIC 



473 



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though, at times, the falls may he nearly ap- 
proached without perceiving mticli to indicate a 
tremendous cataract in the vicinity. In conse- 
quence of a bend in the r , the principal weiglit 
of water is thrown on the Canadian side, down 
what is called the Horse-shoe fall, which name 
has become inappropriate, as the edge of the 
precipice has ceased to be a curve, and forms a 
moderately acute angle. Near the middle of 
the fall. Goat island, containing 75 acres, extends 
to the brow of the precipice, dividing the r. into 
2 parts ; and a small projecting mass of rock at a 
little distance from it, toward the American shore, 
again divides the cataract on that side. Goat 
island, at the lower end, presents a perpcMidicular 
mass of rocks, extending from the bottom to the 
top of the precipice. A bridge has been con- 
structed Irom the American shore to Bath island ; 
and another connects the latter with Goat island, 
and a tower is erected on the brow of the Horse- 
shoe fall, approached from Goat island by a 
short bridge, on which the spectator seems lo 
stand over tlie edge of the mighty cataract, and 
vvhicli alFjrds a fine view of this part of it. The 
distance at the fall from the American shore to 
Go.U island, is G.') rods ; across the front of G lat 
island, is 7S rods ; around the Horse-shoe fall, on 
the (Canadian side, 14-i rods; directly across the 
Horse shoe, 74 rods. The height of the fall near 
the American shore is KIJ feet ; near (ioat island 
on the same side, 15S feet ; near Goat island on 
the Canada side, 131 feet. Table rock, a shelv- 
ing projection on the Canadi'an side, at the edge 
of the precipice is 150 feet high. This place is 
generally thought to present the finest view of 
the falls ; though if the spectator will visit the 
tower on the opposite side on Goat island at sun- 
rise, when the whole cavity is enlightened by 
the sun, and a complete rainbow is presented 
in the rising spray, he cannot desire any thing 
finer. A covered stairway on the American 
side, descends from the top to the bottom of the 
precipice. It has been computed that 100 mil- 
lion tons of water are discharged over the preci- 
pice every hour. The rapids commence about 
a mile above the foils, and the water descends 
57 feet before it arrives at the cataract. Tiie 
view from the bridge to Goat island, of the 
troiibled water dashing tumultuously over the 
rocks, is terrific. While curiosity constitutes an 
attribute of the human character, these falls will 
be frequented by admiring and delighted visiters, 
as one of the grandest exhibitions in nature. 

Ni.\G \iiA F.vLLS, p-v., Niagara t. and co., N. 
Y., '2J7 w. by N. Albany, 403 W. Situated on 
the E. side of Niagara r.at the falls, and contains 
2 churches, 1 male and 1 female institute, (> 
hotels, 9 stores, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 paper m., 
1 woollen fac, 1 furnaite, 2 machine shops, 90 
dwellings, and about 750 inhabitants. Railroads 
from Buffalo and from Lockport meet at this 
place. 

NiANGUA, county, Mo. Situated s. vv. of the 
centre of the slate, and contains 57G sq. miles. 
Drained by Niangua r. Capital, Buffalo Head. 

NiccoTTOo, p-o., Arkansas co.. Ark. 

Nicholas, county, Va. Centrally situated 
toward the w. part of the state, and contains 
1,430 sq. ms. Drained by Gauley and Elk rivers 
and their branches. The Great Kanawha runs 
on its s. w. border. Capital, Suminersville. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,0 J5, sheep 4,81)3, 
swine 5,3.J2; wheat 4,451 bush, produced, rye 
3,22i, Indian corn 56,327, buckwheat 861, oats 
37,733, potatoes 11,351, tobacco 3,913 pounds; 3 
stores, cap. !# 10,000; 2 tanneries, 20 grist ni., 5 
saw 111. Cap. in manufac. $6,825. 3 ^d\. 77 
6u 



scholars. Pop. whites 2,440, slaves 72, free col'd 
3; total, 2,515. 

Nicholas, county, Ky. Situated in the n. e. 
part of the state, and contains 35:) sq. ms. Wa- 
tered by Licking r. and its branches. Capital, 
Carlisle. There were in 1840, neat cattle 8,121, 
sheep 19,067, swine 29,127; wheat 60,765 bush, 
produced, rye 25,315, Indian corn 613,804, oats 
77,0S6, potatoes 6,949, tobacco 47,63-t pounds, 
sugar 57,020; 16 stores, cap. $77,690; 1 woollen 
fac, 5 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 19 grist ra., 10 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $65,638. 22 sch. 501 scho- 
lars. Pop. whiles 7,310, slaves 1,253, free col'd 
182 ; total, 8,715. 

Nicholas, C. H., p-v., capital of Nicholas co., 
Va., 310 w. by n Ptichniond, 322 W. 

Niciiolasvillk, p-v., capital of Jessamine co., 
Ky., 36 s. E. Frankfort, 534 W. Situated on a 
small branch of Kentucky r. It contains a court 
house, jail, 2 academies, and 632 inhabitants. 

Nichols, pt., Tioga co., N. Y., 8 s. w. Ovvego, 
170 w. s. w. Albany, 268 W. The surface is 
hilly ; soil, gravelly loam, with extensive and 
i'ertile Qats on Susquehanna r., which bounds it 
on the N. The v. is situated on the s. side of 
Susquehanna r., and contains 1 Baptist and 1 
.VIelliodist church, an acailemy, 6 stores, 1 grist 
m., 1 saw m., 1 tannery, 60 dwellings, and about 
(0.) inhabitants. There are in the t. 5 stores, cap. 
J 19,000; 3 fulling m., 1 tannery, 8 grist m., 28 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. §41,371. 848 scholars 
in .schools. Pop. 1,986. 

Nicholson, p-t., I.uzerne co.. Pa., 161 n. e. 
Harrisburg, 26S W. Tnnkhannock mt. extends 
across its n. part. It has 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 5 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,500. 3 sell. 102 
scholars. Pop. 653. 

Nichols VI lle, p-v., Hopkinton t., St. Law- 
rence co., N. Y., 213 n. n w. Albany. Situated 
on both sides of the e. branch of St. Regis r., and 
contains 2 stores, I grist m., 1 saw m., 1 clothier's 
works, 20 dwellings, and about 125 inhabitants. 

Nickell's Mills, p-o., Monroe co., Va. 

Nickojack, creek, Ga., issues from a cave 80 
feet wide, 50 feet high, and U ms. long. The 
stream is 60 feet wide at the month of the cave. 

Nico.NZA, p-o., Miami co., la., 108 n. Indianap- 
olis, 601 W. 

NiLEs, p-t., Cayuga co., N. Y., 10 s. e. Auburn, 
169 w. Albany, 329 W. The surface is rolling; 
soil, clay and sandy loam. It has Owasco lake 
on the w., and Skeneateles lake on the k. It has 
4 stores, cap. $14,000 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 

1 distillery, 2 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $45,4 )2. 1 1 sch., 629 scholars. Pop. 2,234. 

Nii.es, p t., Berrian co., Mich., 182 w. s. w. 
Detroit, 627 W. The soil is iertile, adapted to 
g;-ain. The v. is pleasantly situated on the k. 
side of St. Josephs r. It contains 2 churches — 1 
K-piscopal, 1 Presbyterian — 9 stores, a brancli of 
the university, and about 1,000 inhabitants. There 
are in the t. 3 commission houses, cap. .•ii!9,5j0; 
1 1 stores, cap. $49,750 ; 2 tanneries, ,; distilleries, 

2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers, V5 llour- 
iiig m., 2 grist in., 4 saw m. Cap. in iinnufac. 
^91,6 )0. 1 college, 38 students, 4 sch. 94 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,420. 

Ni.MisiiiLLEN, t, Stark co., O. The surface is 
level ; soil, fertile. The natural growth is beech 
and sugar maple. Watered by Xiinisliiilen cr 
It has 1 sell. 30 scholars. Pop. 1,027. 

NiMisiLLA, p-v., Franklin t., Summit co., O., 
121 N. E. Columbus, 327 VV. It contains a Lu- 
theran church, 2 stores, 1 school, and 100 inhab- 
itants. 

Nimmon's Cross Roads, p-o., Delaware co., 
O., 36 N. Columbus, 406 W. 



NOB 



474 



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Nine Mile Prairie, p-o., Perry co., III., 156 
S. Springfield, 831 W. 

Nineveh, p-v., Colesville t., Broome co., N. 
Y., 116 w. s. vv. Albany, 310 W. Situated on 
the w. side of Susquehanna river, and contains 2 
stores, 20 dwellings, and about 125 inhabitants. 

Nineveh, p-o., Warren co., Va., 146 n. n. w. 
Richmond, 77 W. 

Nineveh, p-v., Johnson co., la., 28 s. Indian- 
apolis, 537 W. 

Nippenose, p-t., Lycoming co., Pa., 96n. Har- 
risburg, 206 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, cal- 
careous loam. Nippenose cr. runs on its vv. 
boundary, and the n. branch of the Susquehanna 
r. on its N. border. It has 1 grist m., 2 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $2,000. 3 sch. 70 scholars. 
Pop. 319. 

NisHSEBATONA, r., Mo., Is a small r. which en- 
ters the Missouri r. on the n. side, in the n. w. 
corner of the state. 

NisKAYUNA, t., Schenectady co., N. Y., 4 e. 
Schenectady, 12 n. w. Albany. The surface is 
moderately hilly, along the Mohawk r., which 
bounds it on the n., but is more level and sandy 
toward the s. It has 2 stores, cap. $2,500 ; 1 grist 
m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,100. 3 sch. 
94 scholars. Pop. 693. 

NiTTANY, p-o., Centre co., Pa., 93 n. w. Har- 
risburg, 185 W. 

NixBURGH, p-v., Coosa CO., Ala., 129 e. s. e. 
Tuscaloosa, 812 W. 

Nixon's, p-o., Randolph co., N. C, 81 w. Ra- 
leigh, 33i W. 

Noah, p-o., Shelby co., la., 31 s. e. Indianap- 
olis, 559 W. 

Noah's Fork, p-o., Coffee co., Tenn., 53 s. E. 
Nashville, 662 W. 

Noank, p-o.. New London co., Ct., 52 s. E. 
Hartford, 361 W. 

Noble, county, la. Situated in the n. e. part 
of the state, and contains 432 sq. ms. Drained 
by Elkhart and Tippecanoe rivers. It has a num- 
ber of small lakes. Capital, Augusta. There 
were in 1810, neat cattle 3,8U2, sheep 1,585, 
Bwine 6,864 ; wheat 18,319 bush, produced, Ind. 
corn 66,716, oats 20,551, potatoes 22,377 ; 7 stores, 
cap. $16,700; 1 pottery, 4 grist m., 8 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $l,6:;i8. 8 sch. Ill scholars. 
Pop. 2,702. 

Noble, C. H., pv., capital of Noble co., la., 
159 N. N. E. Indianapolis, 578 W. Situated in 
Augusta v., a little n. e. of Elkhart r. It has 1 
store, cap. Iifi3,000 ; 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 2 sch. 16 
scholars. Pop. 240. 

Noble, t., Morgan co., O. It has 2 stores, cap. 
$4,000 ; 2 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$2,200. 8 sch. 25;) scholars. Pop. 1,338. 

Noble, t., Shelby co., O. It has 1 store, cap. 
$1,000; 1 tannery, 3 grist m. Cap. in manufac. 
$4,450. 2 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 1,394. 

NoBLEnoRouGH, p t., Lincoln co.. Me., 32 s. e. 
Augusta, 600 W. Situated on the e. side of 
Uamariscolta pond and r. The outlet of Dama- 
riscotta pond affurds water power, where are 
mills, and a small v. on the borders of New Cas- 
tle, containing a neat Roman Catholic church. 
At tiie bridge, at the head of navigation on Dam- 
ariscotta r., is a considerable v., which has seve- 
ral stores. Ship building is extensively carried 
on, on the r. There are in the t., 23 stores, cap. 
$51,501) ; 9 lumber yards, cap. $62,00J ; 2 tanne- 
ries, 11 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,05'J. 9 sch. 
873 scholars. Pop. 2,210. 

NoBLESTOWN, p-v., Fayette t., Alleghany co.. 
Pa., 10 s. w. Pittsburg, -.iM w. Harnsburg, 23S 
W. Situated on a branch of Chariiers cr., and 
contains 1 store, and about 25 dwellings. 



NoBLESviLLE, p-v., capital of Hamilton co., 
la., 20 N. E. Indianapolis, 574 W. Situated on 
the E. bank of the w. fork of White r. It con- 
tains a court house, 1 Methodist church, 3 stores, 
and about 200 inhabitants. 

NocKAMixoN, p-t., Bucks CO., Pa., 14 n. Doyles- 
town, 40 N.Philadelphia. The surface is hilly ; 
soil, gravelly. Delaware r. runs on its e. border, 
and has banks composed of high perpendicular 
rocks of red sandstone, below which are some 
extensive swamps. Gallows run flows into the 
Delaware on its n. boundary. It has 4 stores, cap. 
$6,500 ; 7 potteries, 2 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $11,321. 2 sch. 71 scholars. Pop. 2,055. 

NoDDAWAY, r., Mo., rises in Iowa ter., and after 
a course of about 200 ms., enters the Missouri r 
on the e side, in the n. w. part of the state. 

NoDDAWAY, p-t., Buchanan co.. Mo. 1,169. 

NoLACHUCKY, T., N. C. and Tenn., rises on the 
w. side of the Blue Ridge, in Buncombe co., N. C, 
and flowing into Tenn., it enters French Broad r. 

Noland's Ferry, p-o., Loudon co., Va., 161 
N. Richmond, 42 W. Situated a little above the 
mouth of Monocacy r. 

Nolen, p-o., Hardin co., Ky., 89 s. w. Frank- 
fort, 631 W. 

Nolensville, p-v., Williamson co., Tenn., 17 
s. by E. Nashville, 693 W. 

No Man's Land, island, Dukes co., Mass., lies 
off the s. w. end of Martha's Vineyard, 7 s. Gay- 
head. It consists chiefly of a mass of rocks. 

Nonconner, po., Fayette co., Tenn. 

NoRFiELD, p-v., Weston t., Fairfield co., Ct., 
74 s. w. Hartford, 275 W. It has 1 Congrega- 
tional church. 

Norfolk, county, Mass. Situated in the e. 
part of the state, and contains 400 sq. ms. The 
surface is moderately uneven, and rocky ; soil, 
generally fertile, and highly cultivated. Water- 
ed by Neponset and Charles rivers, and their 
tributaries. A fine granite is found in Quincy, 
from which quarry a railroad extends to Nepon- 
set r., the first railroad built in the United States. 
The Boston and Providence railroad passes 
through the co. Capital, Dedham. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 15,110, sheep 2,297, swine 
12,411; wheat 3,341 bush, produced, rye 19,866, 
Ind. corn 99,123, buckwheat 2,878, barley 18,902, 
oats 17,063, potatoes 425,961 ; 15 commercial and 
22 commission houses in foreia^n trade, capital 
$-i26,000; 331 stores, cap. $1,737,650; 17 lumber 
yards, capital $135,400 ; value of hardware, cut- 
lery, &c., manufactured, $191,000; invested in 
fisheries, $'JO,500 ; 9,400 bush, of salt produced ; 4 
furnaces, 5 forges, 4 fulling m., 15 woollen fac, 
38 cotton fac. 30,237 sp., 21 tanneries, 1 pottery, 
6 rope fac, 1 flouring m., 44 grist m., 59 saw m., 
13 paper fac, 7 priitting offices, 3 binderies, 4 
weekly newspapers. Capital in manufactures 
$;i,33i,18l). 46 acad. 1,473 students, 197 schools 
11,776 scholars. Pop. 53,110. 

Norfolk, county, Va. Situated in the s. e. 
part of the state, and contains 544 square miles. 
Drained by Elizabeth and Pasquotank rivers. 
It contains the greater part of the Dismal swamp. 
Hampton roads lies on its n. bonier. Capital, 
Norfolk. There were in 1340, neat cattle 8,248, 
sheep 2,943, swine 18,615; wheat 2,7 J7 bushels 
produced, Ind. corn 260,215, oats 31,715, potatoes 
35,49J, cotton 1,000 pounds; 8 commission and 
9 commercial houses, cap. $204,500; 116 stores, 
cap. '? 1,781,350 ; I taimery, 10 grist m., 2 saw m., 
4 printing offices, 1 bindery, 2 daily, 4 weekly, 
and 3 semi-weekly newspapers. t"ap. in manu- 
fac .$249,700. I'J acad. 545 students, 21 schools 
535 scholars. Pop. whiles 11,230, slaves 7,845, 
free col'd 1,967 ; total, 21,092. 



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475 



NOR 



Norfolk, p-t., Litchfield co., Ct., 36 w. n. w. 
Hartford, 344 W. The surface is elevated and 
inountaiiious ; soil, gravelly loam, adapted to 
grazing. Blackberry r. runs through the t., and 
has, a little w. of the central v., a fall of 30 feet, 
affording water power, where are some mills. 
This V. has a neat Congregational church, with 
a public square in front of it, and a number of 
dwellings. A mile n. is another v., containing 2 
woollen fac, and 3 scythe fac. Both villages 
contain about 30 dwellings. It has 3 stores, cap. 
§19,000; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen lac, 4 tanneries, 
1 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufae. §64,670. 
1 acad. 132 students. 11 sch. 371 scholars. Pop. 
I,3;t3. 

Norfolk, p-t., St. Lawrence co., N. Y., 234 
N. N. w. Albany, 513 W. The surface is undu- 
lating ; soil, a iertile loam. Drained by Racket 
r. and its tributaries. The v. is situated on 
Racket r., and contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 
Methodist church, 3 stores, 3 furnaces, 1 grist m., 
1 saw m., 1 tannery, 2 trip-hammer works, 1 sat- 
inet fac, 50 dwellings, and about 300 inhabitants. 
There are in the t. 4 stores, cap. $16,200 ; 2 fur- 
naces, 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 2 
grist m., 6 -saw m. Cap. in manufae. $18,805. 13 
sch. 614 scholars. Pop. 1,723. 

Norfolk, p-b., port of entry, and capital of 
Norfolk CO., Va., on the n. e. bank of Elizabeth r., 
just below the contluence of its 2 branches, 8 ms. 
above its entrance into Hampton roads, and 32 
ms. from the ocean, 1 10, by water, below City 
point, 106 E. .s. E. Richmond," 230 W., 36° 50' 50" 
N. lat., and 76° 18' 47'' w. Ion. The situation is 
low, the streets are crooked and irregular, and 
most of the houses are not remarkable for ele- 
gance. It has a court house, jail, a market house, 
a theatre, 2 banks, 2 insurance offices, an acad- 
emy, an orphan asylum, an atheneum, with a 
respectable library, and, in the vicinity, a marine 
hospital, and a U. S. navy yard. At the latter is 
a dry dock, constructed of hewn granite, which 
cost §974,536. There are 8 churches — 2 Episco- 
pal, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, 2 Methodist, 1 
Roman Catholic, and 1 African. The harbor is 
spacious and sale, having 18 feet water. The 
entrance to it is over a mile wide, and is defended 
by forts Monroe and Calhoun. It has mure for- 
eign commerce than any other place in the state. 
The tonnage in 1840 was 19,079. The Dismal 
Swamp canal connects Chesapeake bay with 
Albemarle sound, and opens an extensive water 
communication from Norfolk to the south. There 
were in this place in 1840, 8 for. commercial and 
8 commission houses, cap. iti202,0.)0 ; 35 retail 
stores, cap. $1,590,500; 2 printing offices, 1 bind- 
ery, 2 daily and 1 semi-weekly newspapers. Cap. 
in manufae. $178,31X). 18 acad. 515 students, 17 
sch. 604 scholars. Pop. 1830, 9,816 ; 1840, 10,920. 
Norm.\x's Kill, N. Y., rises in Schenectady 
CO., and enters the Hudson in Bethlehem t., 2^ 
ms. s. Albany. It affjrds good water power near 
its mouth. 

NoRRiDGEWocK, p-t.. Capital of Somerset co., 
Me., 33 N. Augusta, 627 \V. Situated on both 
sides of Kennebec r. The surface is moderately [ 
hilly ; soil, generally fertile, adapted to grain. | 
The v. is pleasantly situated on the n. side of 
Kennebec r., across which is a fine bridge, con- 
necting it with a V. on the s. side. It contains a 
court house, jail, a Congregational church, and a 
female academy. Its trade is extensive with the 
back country. There are in the t. 7 stores, cap. 
.$18,500 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 1 weekly 
newspaper, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. 
in manufae. $13,725. 1 acad. 25 students, 20 
sch. 835 scholars Pop. 1,865. 



NoRRisTowN, p-b., Norriton t., capital of 
Montgomery co.. Pa., 91 e. by s. Harrisburg, 154 
W. Situated on the n. side of Schuylkill r. It 
contains a court house, jail, and public offices, of 
stone, an academy, of brick, a Presbyterian 
church, of stone, an Episcopal church, of Gothic 
architecture, of stone, a library of 1,200 vols., a 
literary society, with a cabinet of natural history, 
and about 400 dwellings. A bridge across the 
Schuylkill, resting on stone piers, is 800 feel 
long, with abutments of 1,050 feet, and cost 
$31,200. The streets are handsomely graded, 
and the sidewalks extensively laid with bricks 
or flagging-stones. Here is a dam across the 
Schuylkill, creating a great water power. It has 
14 stores, cap. $85,000; 2 hnnber yards, cap. 
$20,000; 1 forge, 3 cotton fac. 19,064' sp,, 1 tan- 
nery, 2 printing offices, 2 semi-weekly newspa- 
pers, 2 flouring m., I saw m. Cap. in manufae 
$297,475. 1 acad. 33 students, 6 sch. 600 schol- 
ars. Pop. 2,937. 

NoRRisTOWN, p-v., Carroll co., O., 130 e. n. k 
Colmnbus, 299 W. 

NoRRiSTOw.N, p-v., capital of Pope co.. Ark., 
71 N. w. Little Rock, 1,136 W. 

NoRRisviLLE, p-v., Wilcox CO., Ala., 103 s. 
Tuscaloosa, 895 W. 

NoRRisTONviLLE, p-v., Montgomery co., Pa., 
93 E. Harrisburg, 158 W. 

NoRRiTo.v, t., Montgomery co.. Pa. The 
surface is level ; soil, red shale, and fertile. 
Drained by small streams, flowing into Schuyl- 
kill r. The b. is situated on Schuylkill r., and 
possesses great water power, derived from the 
dam, constructed here by the Schuylkill Naviga- 
tion Company. The t. has 4 stores, cap. $4,000; 
1 lumber yard, cap. $3,000; 2 cotton fac. i,552 
sp., 1 tannery, 6 grist m., 2 saw m., 2 oil m. Cap. 
in manufae. $5,337. 3 schools 80 scholars. Pop. 
1,411. 

North Adams, p-v., Adams t., Berkshire co., 
Mass., 126 w. n. w. Boston, 393 VV. It contains 
3 churches — 1 Congregational, 1 Baptist, and 1 
Methodist — a bank, printing offices, numerous 
mills and factories, and about 2,000 inhabitants. 
It is the largest manufacturing v. in the co. (See 
Adams t.) 

North Ad.\ms, p-o., Adams t., Jefferson co., 
N. Y., 169 iM. w. Albany, 410 W. 

North Adria.v, p-o., Adrian t., Lenawee co., 
Mich. 

North Almond, p-o.. Almond t., Alleghany 
CO., N. Y., 250 w. by s. Albany, 325 W. 

North Amherst, p-v., Amiierst t., Hampshire 
CO., Mass., 83 w. Boston, 3>8 W. It has 1 Con- 
gregational church, 2 scythe fac, and several 
stores and dwellings. 

NoRTHA.MPTO.v, county. Pa. Situated in the 
E. part of the state, and contains 1,100 square ms. 
The surface is uneven or mountainous ; soil, 
highly productive. Delaware r. bounds it on the 
E. Drained by the Lehigh river, and numerous 
small creeks, flowing into Delaware r. It con- 
tains much wild and picturesque scenery. Cap- 
ital, Easton. There were in 1810, neat cattle 
19, 171, sheep 19,207, swine 36,163; wheat 239,695 
bush, prod., rye 526,157, Ind. corn 276,77.3, buck- 
wheat 82,191, bariey 12,650, oats 244,760, pota- 
toes 203,600; 163 stores, cap. $650,150; 20 lum- 
ber yards, cap. $55,200 ; 6 furnace.-?, 4 forges, 8 
fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 24 tanneries, 16 distil- 
leries, 4 breweries, 3 powder m., 1 paper fac, 4 
printing offices, 2 binderies, 5 weekly newspa- 
pers, 29 flouring m., 65 grist m., 69 saw m., 5 oil 
m. Cap. in manufae. $872,335. 2 colleges, 68 
students, 9 acad. 601 students, 76 schools 3,445 
scholars. Pop. 40,996. 



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476 



NOR 



Northampton, county, Va. Situated on the 
s. part of the eastern shore, having the Atlantic 
on liie E., and ( 'hesapeake bay on the w. It 
contains 320 sq. ms. The surface is diversified, 
and the shore has numerous small creeks, and 
several islands along the Atlantic. Capital, East- 
ville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,574, 
t.heep 5,453, swine ]'2,"i69 : wheat 279 bush, pro- 
duced, Indian corn 29(i,718, oats 197,(I5S, potatoes 
5 !,5 Ifi, cotton 6,0l)3, sugar 685 pounds ; 16 stores, 
cap. i5i39,5 JO ; 26 grist m., 1 saw m., 8 oil m. Cap. 
in manufac. $4(),6iO. 7 sch. 186 scliolars. Pop. 
whites 3,341, slaves 3,620, free col'd 754; total, 
7,7! 5. 

Northampton, county, N. C. Situated toward 
the N. F.. part of the state, and contains 516 sq. 
ms. Rouioke r. runs on its s. w. border, and 
IMelierrin r. on its n. e. border. The soil is gen- 
erally fertile. Capital, Jackson. There were in 
1 '4 ), neat cattle 12,427, sheep 5,965, swine 40,545 : 
wheat 2\308 bu.sh. produced, rye 3,125, Indian 
corn 716,050, oats 7S,650, potatoes 38,600; tobac- 
co 66,' 61 pounds, cotton 5,210,724 ; 10 stores, cap. 
S5L),O0i) ; 15 grist m., 3 saw m., 1 oil ni. (^ap. in 
manufac. $10, 100. 1 acad. 22 students, 10 sch. 
147 scholars. Pop. whites 5,818, slaves 6,759, 
free colored 792; total, 13,369. 

Northampton, t., Rockingham cc, N. H., 50 
s. E. by E. Concord, 9 s. by w. Portsmouth 
Drained by Little and Winnicut rivers. Incor- 
porated in 1742. It has 1 store, cap. $2,0OJ ; 3 
tanneries, 2 grist m., 3 saw m., 3 sch. 180 schol- 
ars. Pop. 8-i5. 

NoRTiiA.MPTON, t., Peoria co.. 111. It has 1 
sch. ~0 scholars. Pop. 316. 

NoRTHA.MPTON, p-t., capital of Hampshire co., 
Mass., on the w. bank of Connecticut r., 17 n. 
by w. Springfield, 93 vv. Boston, 67 e. Albany, 
39 n. Hartford, Ct., 380 W. 42° 19' 8" n. lat., 
and 72° 38' 21'' w. Ion. This beautiful t. was 
the third settled on Connecticut r. Incorporated 
in 165 1. The surface is varied, and the soil good, 
particularly tb.e extensive meadows on the river. 
The village is handsomely built, having many 
elegant houses. The public buildings are a 
court house, jail, and 5 churches, some of which 
are spacious and handsome — 2 Congregational, 
1 Baptist, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Unitarian — and a 
female seminary. The Round Hill School is a 
celebrated seminary, on the plan of a German 
gymnasium. There is a bank and an insurance 
CO. A fine bridge, 1,0S0 feet long, and 26 wide, 
supported on piers, some of them 40 feet high 
from the bottom of the river, completed in 1826, 
conneeas this place with Hadley. A canal, 
which here joins Connecticut r., connects North- 
ampton with New Haven, Ct. Mount Tom, in 
this t., and Mount Hoi yoke on the opposite side of 
the r., are lolly sunnnits, often visited for their 
commanding prospects. A stream passes through 
the centre of the t. which affords good water 
power. There were in 1840, 34 stores, cap. 
$125,700; 2 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, cap. 
$110,01)0; 1 tannery, 1 llouring m., 3 grist m., 11 
saw in., 1 paper fac, 4 printing odices, 2 binde- 
ries, 3 weekly papers. Cap. in manufactures 
$.i54,8<'.0. 1 acad. 56 students. 21 sch. 937 schol- 
ars. Pop. 183), 3,613; 1810,3,750. 

Northampton, p-t., Fulton co., N. Y., 18 n 
E. Johnstown, 47 n. w. Albany, 415 W. The 
surface is mostly level ; soil, sand, and sandy 
loam. Watered by Sacandaga river and its 
branches. In the s. part is a marshy tract, oc- 
casionally overllowed by the Sacandaga r. and 
other streams, of from 5 to 20,000 acres, which 
produces large grass, and furnishes an extensive 
range for cattle. At the conliuence of May- 



field cr. witii Sacandaga r. stands the village of 
Fish House. There are in the t. 10 stores, '^ap. 
$11,000; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 
2 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $24,800. 
8 sch. 278 scholars. Pop. 1, 526. 

NoRTHA.MPTON, t., Burlingtoii co., N. J. The 
surface is generally level ; soil, sand, and sandy 
loam, in the n. w. part fertile, in the s. and s. E. 
parts covered with pine and oak forests, and 
sterile. Drained by Rancocus cr., and tributaries 
of Little Egg Harbor river. It contains Mount 
Holly v., the capital of the county. The t. has 29 
stores, cap. $112,100; 3 lumber yards, cap. 
$9,000; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac., 1 cotton 
fac 2,500 sp., 2 tanneries, 5 distilleries, 1 pottery, 
2 paper fac, 2 binderies, 2 weekly newspapers, 
7 grist m., 11 sawm. Cap. in manufac $238,100. 
4 acad. 91 students, 6 sch. 386 scholars. Pop. 
6,813. 

Northampton, t., Bucks co.. Pa., 10 s. E. 
Doylestown, 20 n. Philadelphia. The surface 
is level ; soil, a fertile loam. Drained by 
branches of Neshaminy cr. It has 3 stores, cap. 
$9,000; 4 grist m., 3 sch. 114 scholars. Pop. 
1,694. 

Northampton, t., Lehigh county. Pa. It is 
a small t. which surrounds the borough of Al- 
lentown. The surface is level ; soil, calcareous 
loam. It has 1 store, cap. $4,000 ; 1 flouring m. 
Cap. in manufac. $10,300. 1 sch. 40 scholars. 
Pop. 293. 

North Andover, p-v., Andover t., Essex co., 
Mass., 23 N. Boston, 456 W. Situated near the 
s. end of Great Pond, which covers 450 acres, 
the outlet of which, into Merrimac r., affords 
water power. It contains a Congregational and 
a Unitarian church, and a woollen fac 

North Argyle, po., Argyle t., Washington 
CO., N. Y., 50 N. n. e. Albany, 420 W. 

North Ashford, p-v., Ashford t., Wind- 
ham CO., Ct., 35 E. N. E. Hartford, 371 W. It 
has 1 Baptist church. 

Nort'h Attlecorough, p-v., Attleborough t., 
Bristol CO., Mass., 38 s. by e. Boston, 412 W. 
It has 1 Baptist church and several factories. 

North Bangor, p-v., Bangor t., Penobscot 
CO., Me., 71 E. N. E. Augusta, 667 W. 

North Barnstead, p-o., Barnstead t., Belk- 
nap CO., N. H. 

North Barton, p-o., Barton t., Tioga co., N. 
Y., 185 vv. s. w. Albany. 

North Beaver, t., Beaver co.. Pa. The surface 
is undulating ; soil, a fertile calcareous loam. 
Drained by Hickory cr. It has 2 stores, cap. 
$1,400; 4 tanneries, 5 distilleries, 1 llouring m., 
6 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $34,350. 
14 sch. 431 sch. Pop. 2,29.3. 

North Becket, p-v., Becket t., Berkshire co., 
Mass., 128 Boston, 392 W. 

North Belgrade, p-o., Belgrade t., Kenne- 
bec CO., Me., 17 n. e. Augusta, 613 W. 

North Belmont, p-o., Belmont t., Waldo co., 
Me., 35 E. by n. Augusta, 631 W. 

North Bend, p-o., Macon co., 111., 78 e. 
Springfield, 705 W. 

North Bennington, p-o., Bennington t. and 
CO., Vt., 121 s. w. by s. Montpelier, 411 W. 

North Benton, p o., Columbiana co., O., 147 
N. e. by E. Columbus, 303 W. 

North Bergen, po., Bergen t., Gene«ee 
CO., N. Y., 240 w. by n. Albany, 331 Washing- 
ton. 

North Berwick, pt., York co., Me., 89 s. w. 
Augusta, 506 W. It has 4 stores, cap. $ 30); 

4 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 3 tanneries, 2 grist m., 

5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,280. 17 sch. 
563 scholars. Pop. 1,461. 



NOR 



477 



NOR 



North Betmel, p-o., Oxford co., Me., 55 w. 
Augusta, 611 W. 

North Big Flats, p-o., Big Flats t., Che- 
mung CO., N. v., 203 \v. s. w. Albany, 2:!7 W. 

North Blanfokd, p o., Blanford t., Hampden 
CO., Mass., 114 vv. by s. Boston, 374 W. 

North BlEjNHEim, po., Blenheim t., Scho- 
harie CO., N. Y., 47 w. Albany, 375 VV. 

North Bloomfield, pv., West Bloomfield 
t, Ontario co., N. Y., 21-2 w. Albany, 338 W. 
Situated on Honeoye cr., and contains 1 church, 
2 stores, 1 woollen fac, 1 clothier's works, 1 fur- 
nace, 2 machine shops, 30 dwellings, and about 
WJO inhabitants. 

North Bloomfield, p-o., Bloomfield t., 
Trumbull co., O., 178 n. e. Columbus, 319 W. 

North Blue Hill, p-o., Blue Hill t., Han- 
cock CO., 3Ie., 69 E. Augusta, G66 W. 

North Boothb.w, p-v., Boothbay t., Lincoln 
CO., Me., 35 s. .s. e. Augusta, 5J6 W. 

Northboroligh, p-t., Worcester co., Mass., 
33 w. Boston, 403 W. Watered by Assabet r., 
which affords water power. Incorporated in 
1766. It contains a Congregational, Baptist, and 
a Unitarian church. It has 3 stores, cap. §2, 10 J; 

1 fulling m., 2 cotton fac. 2,052 sp., 1 tannery, 6 
grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. .$75,100. 

2 acad. 45 students, 6 sch. 368 scholars. Pop. 
1,313. 

North Boston, p-o., Boston t., Erie co., N. 
Y.,303 W.Albany, 366 W. 

North Br.\nch, p-o., Hillsboro' co., N. H., 26 
s. Concord, 456 W. 

North Braxch, p-o., Somerset co., N. J., 35 
N. Trenton, 206 VV. 

North Braniord, p-t., New Haven co., Ct. 
It has 7 sch. 140. Pup. 1,016. 

North Bridge, p-t., VV^orcester co., Mass., 39 
s. w. by w. Boston, 406 VV. Watered by Black- 
stone and Mamford rivers, which afford e.\ten- 
sive water power. The soil is mostly rocky and 
rough, but is fertile, particularly on the rivers, 
where are fine intervales. Incorporated in 1772. 



Blackstone canal passts through the t. on the w 
bank of Biack.stone r. It con ain.s 4 churches— 
2 Congregational, 1 i\Iethodist, and 1 P'riends. 
It has 3 stores, cap. §12,000; 6 cotton iac. 10,100 
sp., 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$10,100: 8 sch. 350 scholars. Pop. 1,449. 

North Bridgeto.x, p-o., Bridgeton t., Cum- 
berland CO., Me., 60 s. w. by w. Augusta, 531 W. 

North Bhidgewater, p-t., Plymouth co., 
Mass., 22 s. by e. Boston, 43^ W. The surface 
is level ; soil, in some parts very fertile. The v. 
contains 3 churches — 1 Congregational, 1 Uni- 
tarian, and 1 New Jerusalem — and over 100 
dwellings. There are in the t. 16 stores, cap. 
S-5,000 ; 3 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$63,300. 2 acad. 66 students, 9 sch. 483 schol- 
ars. Pop. 2,616. 

North Brookfield, p-t., Worcester county, 
iMass., 60 w. Boston, 393 W. The surface is 
elevated ; soil, fertile. The v. contains 1 Con- 
gregational and 1 Methodist church, and about 
3i) dwellings. There are in the t. 4 stores, cap. 
$6,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 
2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $59,075. 
1 1 sch. 523 scholars. Pop. 1,435. 

North Brookfield, p-o., Brookfield t., Madi- 
son CO., N. Y., 84 w. by n. Albany, 366 VV. 

North Brunswick, t., 3Iiddlesex co., N. J. It 
has the Raritan r. on the n., and South r. on the 
e. Drained centrally by Lawrence's brook. 
(It contains most of the city of New Brunswick, 
which see.) It has 79 stores, cap. $269,700 ; 3 
lumber yards, cap. $23,000 ; 3 tanneries, 1 dis- 
tillery, 2 potteries, 3 printing offices, 2 binderies, 
2 weekly newspapers, 1 flouring m., 2 grist m., 1 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. ,$103,600. 1 acad. 45 
students, 18 sch. 686 scholars. Pop. 5,866. 

North BacKsroRT, p-v., Bucksport t., Han- 
cock CO., Me., 62 N. E. by e. Augusta, 658 W. 

North Camden, p-o., Lorain co., O., Ill n. n. 
E. Columbus, 380 W. 

North Canton, p-v.. Canton t., Hartford cOt 
Ct., 19 N. w. Hartford, 355 W. 



NORTH CAROLINA. 



North Carolina, one of the southern United States, is bounded n. by Virginia ; E. by the 
Atlantic ; s. by South Carolina ; and w. by Tennessee. It is between 33=^ 50' and 36° 30' n. lat., 
and between 75° 45' and 84° w. Ion.; and between 6° 20^ w. and 1° 33' E. from W. It is 430 miles 
long, and 180 broad, containing 48,000 square miles, or 30,720,000 acres. 

The population in 1790, was 393,754; in 1800, 478,103; in 1810, 555,500; in 1820, 633,829; in 
1830, 738,470 ; in 1810, 753,419, of which 245,817 were slaves. Of the free population, 240,047 were 
white males ; 244,823 do. females ; 11,236 were colored males; 11,505 do. females. Employed in 
agriculture, there were 217,095; in commerce, 1,734; in manufactures and trades, 14,322; naviga- 
ting the ocean, 327; do. canals, rivers, &c., 379; learned professions, 1,086. 

This state is divided into 63 counties, which, with their population in 1840, and their capitals, are as 
follows: Anson, 15,077, Wadesborough ; Ashe, 7,467, Jcffersonton ; Beaufort, 12,225, Washing- 
ton ; Bertie, 12,175, Windsor; Bladen, 8,022, Elizabeth: Brunswick, 5,265, Smithville ; Bu.v 
coMBE, 10,084, Ashville; Burke, 15,799, Morganton; Cabarrus, 9,259, Concord; Camden, 5,663, 
Jonesboro' ; Carteret, 6,591, Beaufort; Caswell, 14,693, Yanceyville ; Chatham, 16,242, 
Pittsboro' ; Cherokee, 3,427, iVIurphy ; Chowan, 6,693, Edenton ; Colu.mbus, 3,941, Whitesville ; 
Craven, 13,433, Newbern; Cu.mberland, 15,284, Fayetteville ; Currituck, 6,703, Currituck 
C. H. ; Davidson, 14,606, Lexington; Davie, 7,574, Mocksville ; Duplin, 11,182, Kenansville ; 
Edgecombe, 13,708, Tarboro' ; Franklin, 10,980, Louisburg; Gates, 8,161, Gatesville; (3ran- 
ville, 18,817, Oxford; Greene, 6,595, Snow Hill ; Guilford, 19,175, Greensboro'; Halifa.x, 
16,865, Halifax; K.-.y wood, 4,975, Waynesvillc ; Henderson, 5,129, Hendersonville ; Hertford, 
7,484, Winton ; Hyde, 6,453, Lake Landing ; Iredell, 15,685, Statesville ; Joh.nston, 10,599, 
Smitlifieid; Jones, 4,945, Trenton ; Lenoir, 7,605, Kingston; Lincoln, 25,160, Lincolnton ; Ma- 
con, 4,869, Franklin ; Martin, 7,637, Williamston ; Mecklenburg, 13,273, Charlotte; Mont- 
GO.MERY, 10,780, LawTenceville ; Moore, 7,938, Carthage; Nash, 9,047, Nashville; New Han- 
over, 13,312, Wilmington ; Northa.mpton, 13,369, Jackson ; Onslow, 7,527, Onslow C H. ; 



NOR 478 NOR 

Orange, 24,356, Hillsboro'; PAsauoTANK, 8,514, Elizabeth Cily; PERauiMANs, 7,316, Hertford; 
Person, 9,790, Roxboro' ; Pitt, 11,806, Greenville; RANDOLrH, 12,875, Asliboro' ; Richmond, 
8,909, Rockingliam ; Robeson, 10,370, Luinberton ; Rockingham, 13,422, Wentworth; Rowan, 
12,109, Salisbury; Rutherford, 19,202, Rutherfordton ; Sampson, 12,157, Clinton; Stokes, 
16,205, Germanton; Surry, 15,079, Rockford ; Tyrrel, 4,657, Columbia; Wake, 21,118, Ra- 
leigh; Warren, 12,919, Warrenton ; Washington, 4,525, Plymouth; Wayne, 10,891 Waynes- 
boro' ; Wilkes, 12,577, Wilkesboro' ; Yancey, 5,962, Burnsville. 

Raleigh, situated near the centre of the state, 6 miles w. of the Neuse river, is the seat of gov- 
ernment. 

Along tl»e whole coast of North Carolina is a ridge of sand, separated from the main land in some 
places by narrow and in other places by broad sounds and bays. The passages or inlets through 
it are shallow and dangerous , and Ocracoke inlet is the only one through which vessels pass. 
Capes Hatteras and Lookout are projecting points in this belt, and off them, particularly the former, 
is the most dangerous navigation on the coast of the United States. Cape Fear is on an island off 
the mouth of Cape Fear river. For 60 or 80 miles from the shore, the country is a dead level ; the 
streams are sluggish and muddy, and there are many swamps and marshes. The soil is sandy 
and poor, excepting on the margins of the streams, where it is frequently rich. The natural growth 
of this region is almost universally the pitch pine, which is much larger than the same tree in the 
northern states. This tree affords tar, pitch, turpentine, and lumber, which constitute an important 
portion of the exports of the state. In tlie swamps rice of a fine quality is raised. Back of the flat 
country, and extending to tlie lower falls of the rivers, is a belt of about 40 miles wide, of a mode- 
rately uneven surface, a sandy soil, and of which the pitch pine is the prevailing natural growth. 
Above the falls the country is uneven, the streams have a more rapid current, the country is more 
fertile, and produces wheat, rye, barley, oats, and tlax. The western part of the state is an elevated 
table land about 1,800 feet above the level of the sea, with some high ranges, and very elevated 
summits. Black mountain, in Yancey co., is 6,476 feet high, the highest land in the U. States e. of 
the Rocky mountains. Roan mountain is 6,038 feet, and Grandfather mountain is 5,556 feet high. 
The soil is generally good, but w. of the mountains it is still more fertile. Throughout the state 
Indian corn is raised, and in some parts, considerable cotton. In the low country, grapes, plums, 
blackberries, and strawberries grow spontaneously ; and on the intervals canes grow luxuriantly ; 
and their leaves continuing green through the winter, furnish food for cattle. The low country is 
somewhat unhealthy, but in the elevated parts the air is pure and salubrious. In the elevated 
country, oak, WTilnut, lime, and cherry trees, of a large growth, abound. In the northern part of 
this state, and extending into Virginia, is the great Dismal swamp, which is 30 miles long and 10 
broad, and covers a surface of 150,000 acres. In the centre of it, and within the state of Virginia, 
!s Lake Drummond, 15 miles in circuit. A canal passes through this swamp, mentioned in the 
account of Virginia, with a feeder 5 ms. long from Lake Drummond. This swamp is thickly wooded 
with pine, juniper, cypress, and in its drier parts, with white and red oak. In some parts, the 
thickness of the growth renders it impervious. South of this, between Albemarle and Pamlico 
sounds, is Alligator swamp, which has a lake in the centre. It is computed that 2,500,000 acres of 
swamp in this state might be easily drained, which would afford a rich soil for the cultivation of 
cotton, tobacco, rice, and Indian corn. 

There were in the state in 1840, 166,608 horses and mules ; 617,371 neat cattle ; 538,279 sheep ; 
1,649,716 swine ; poultry to the value of $544,125. There were produced 1,960,885 bushels of 
wheat; 3,574 of barley ; 3,193,941 of oats ; 213,971 of rye; 15,391 of buckwheat; 23,893,703 of 
Indian corn; 625,044 pounds of wool ; 1,063 of hops; 118,923 of wax ; 2,609,239 bushels of pota- 
toes ; 101,369 tons of hay; 9,879 of hemp and flax ; 16,772,359 pounds of tobacco; 2,820,338 of rice : 
51,926,190 of cotton ; 3,014 of silk cocoons ; 7,163 of sugar ; the products of the dairy were valued 
at $674,349 ; of the orchard at $386,006 ; of lumber at $506,766. There were made 28,752 gallons 
of wine. 

The principal minerals of North Carolina are gold and iron. Tlie gold region lies on both sides 
of the Blue Ridge, and extends e. of the Yadkin. It exists in grains, and in small masses and lumps, 
some of them worth from 100 to 7 or 8 thousand dollars, and in veins. Many persons have en- 
gaged in digging for gold, and with some success. A considerable amount is sent annually to the 
Mint of the United States. 

The principal rivers are the Chowan, 400 miles long, navigable for small vessels 30 miles ; Roan- 
oke ; Pamlico, navigable for 30 miles ; Neuse ; Cape Fear, the largest river in the state, 280 miles 
long, with 11 feet of water to Wilmington ; the Yadkin, which forms a part of the Great Pedee in 
South Carolina ; and the Catawba, which also passes into South Carolina. The sluggishness of the 
rivers as they approach the sea, and the sandy character of the coast, cause them to be extensively 
obstructed by bars at their mouths. As this state has few good harbors, much of its commerce is 
carried on through Virginia, South Carolina, Georgia, and Tennessee. Wilmington, on Cape Fear 
river, 40 miles from the sea, is the most commercial place in the state. INewbern, on the Neuse, 



NOR 479 NOR 

30 miles from Pamlico sound, has some commerce. Fayetteville, at the head of boat navigation on 
Cape Fear river, has considerable trade. 

The exports of the state in 1840, amounted to $337,484 ; and the imports to $252,532. There 
were 4 commercial and 46 commission houses engaged in foreign trade, with a capital of $151,300; 
1,063 retail drygoods and other stores, with a capital of $5,032,835 ; 432 persons employed in the 
lumber trade, with a capital of $46,000 ; 213 persons employed in internal transportation, who, 
with 24 butchers, packers, &c., employed a capital of $9,000; 1,784 persons employed in the fish- 
eries, with a capital of $213,502. 

The amount of home-made or family manufactures was $1,413,242 ; there were 3 woollen man- 
ufactories and 1 iuUing mill, producing articles to the amount of $3,900, with a capital of $9,800 ; 25 
cotton manufactories, with 47,934 spindles, employing 1,219 persons, producing articles to the 
amount of $438,900, with a capital of $995,300 ; there were 8 furnaces, producing 968 tons of cast 
iron, and 43 forges, &c., producing 963 tons of bar iron, employing 463 persons, and a capital of 
$94,961 ; 2 smelting houses, employing 30 persons, and produced 10,000 pounds of lead; 10 smelt- 
ing houses employed 389 persons, and produced gold to the amount of $255,618, with a capital of 
$9,832 ; 2 paper mills, producing articles to the amount of $8,785, with a capital of $5,000 ; hats 
and caps were manufactured to the amount of $33,167, and straw bonnets to the amount of $1,700, 
employing 142 persons, and a capital of $13,141 ; 353 tanneries employed 645 persons, with a capi- 
tal of $271,979; 238 other leather manufactories, as saddleries, &c., produced articles to the 
amount of $185,387, with a capital of $76,163 ; 16 potteries employed 21 persons, producing articles 
to the amount of $6,260, with a capital of $1,531; 89 persons manufactured machinery to the 
amount of $43,285 ; 43 persons manufactured hardware and cutlery to the amount of $1,200 ; 698 
persons manufactured carriages and wagons to the amount of $301,601, with a capital of $173,318 ; 
323 flouring mills produced 87,641 barrels of flour, and with other mills employed 1,830 persons, 
producing articles to the amount of $1,552,096, employing a capital of $1,670,228; vessels were 
built to the amount of $62,800 ; 223 persons manufactured furniture to the amount of $35,002, with 
a capital of $57,980 ; 40 persons manufactured 1,085 small-arms ; 15 persons manufactured granite 
and marble to the amount of $1,083; 276 persons produced bricks and lime to the amount of 
$58,336; 367 persons manufactured 1,612,825 pounds of soap, 148,546 do. of tallow candles, 335 do. 
of spermaceti and wax candles, with a capital of $4,754; 2,802 distilleries produced 1,051,979 gal- 
lons, and with breweries, which produced 17,431 gallons, employed 1,422 persons, and a capital of 
$180,200; 33 brick or stone, and 1,822 wooden houses, employed 1,707 persons, at a cost of 
$410,264 ; 26 printing oflices, 4 binderies, 26 weekly, and 1 semi-weekly newspapers, and 2 peri- 
odicals, employed 103 persons, and a capital of $55,400. The whole amount of capital employed 
in manufactures was $3,833,900. 

The University of North Carolina, at Chapel Hill, 27 ms. w. n. v.'. from Raleigh, was founded in 
1791. Davidson College, in Mecklenburg county, was founded in 1837. In these institutions there 
were in 1840, 158 students. There were in the state 141 academies, with 4,398 students, 632 com- 
mon and primary schools, with 14,937 scholars ; and 56,609 white persons over 20 years of age, 
who could neither read nor write. 

In the low country the Methodists and Baptists are the most numerous religious denominations. 
In the elevated country w. are many Presbyterians. The Methodists and Baptists have each 
about 20,000 communicants; the Presbyterians about 11,000. The Episcopalians have a bishop 
and 20 ministers ; the Lutherans have 18 ministers, 38 congregation.s, and 1,886 communicants. 
Besides these, there are some Moravians, Roman Catholics, Friends, &c. 

There were in October, 1839, in this state, 6 banks and branches, with a capital of $1,500,000, 
and a circulation of $1,165,857. 

The constitution of this state was adopted in December, 1776, which was revised and modified 
m 1835. The senate and house of commons are elected biennially by the people. The senate 
consists of 50 members, and the house of commons of 120. The senate is chosen by districts, the 
number apportioned by the amount of state taxes paid. The members of the house of commons 
are apportioned among the counties according to their population. The governor is chosen for 2 
years by a joint vote of both houses, and is eligible only 4 years in 6. There is an executive 
council of 7 members, chosen biennially by a joint vote of both houses. In case of the death of 
the governor, the duty devolves upon the speaker of the senate. The judges of the supreme court 
are chosen by a joint ballot of both houses of the legislature, and hold their offices during good 
behavior. The attorney-general is appointed by the legislature for 4 years. The right of suffrage 
extends to all free white persons of 21 years of age, who have been inhabitants of the state for 12 
months previous to the election ; but in order to vote for a senator a freeman must possess a free- 
hold of 50 acres of land. The legislature meets biennially at Raleigh, on the second Monday of 
November, and the governor is chosen in December following. 

The works of internal improvement are not so numerous and extensive in this, as in some other 
states. The Wilmington and Raleigh railroad extends from Wilmington 16U luileti to Weldon, cui 



NOR 



480 



NOR 



tlie Roanoke, and connects with the Portsmouth and Roanoke railroad. It was commenced in 1836, 
and completed in 1840. The Raleigh and Gaston railroad extends from Raleigh 85 miles to Gaston, 
on the Roanoke, where it unites with the Petersburg, Greenville, and Roanoke railroads. North- 
west canal connects Northwest river, 6 miles, with the Dismal Swamp canal. Weldon canal 
extends 12 miles round the falls of the Roanoke. Clubfoot and Harlow canal extends from the 
head waters of the Clubfoot, H m. to those of Harlow creek, near Beaufort. 

The first permanent settlement in this state was made on the eastern bank of the Chowan, and 
called Albemarle, by emigrants who fled from religious persecution from Nansemond, in Virginia, 
about 1660. Several previous attempts to settle it had failed. It had been granted to different 
proprietors at different times ; but in 1663 it was transferred to Lord Clarendon, and same others, 
who procured a constitution of government to be prepared for it by the celebrated John Locke. 
The chief magistrate was called the Palatine, and there was an hereditary nobihty. The legisla- 
ture was called a Parliament. This constitution was found so defective, that, in 1693, it was abol- 
ished. In 1729, the crown purchased the whole of the Carolinas for ;C17,500 sterling ; and the king 
immediately divided it into two provinces. North and South Carolina, which ever after continued 
separate. In 1769, this province successfully resisted the oppression of the British ministry. Two 
years after 1,500 of the inhabitants, assuming the name of regulators, rose in rebellion. Gov. 
Tryon fought and defeated them. Three hundred were killed in battle ; and of those taken, 12 
were condemned for high treason, and 6 were executed. During the war of the revolution the 
inhabitants of this state were the devoted friends of their country. The severe battle of Guilford 
Court House, fought within its limits, is well known. In 1776, early in the war, this state formed a 
constitution, which, with some recent modifications, continues to the present time. In convention, 
November 27th, 1789, this state adopted the constitution of the United States ; yeas 193, nays 75 ; 
majority, 118. 



North Cr.^ven, p-o., Plymouth co., Mass., 44 
s. s. E. Boston, 442 W. 

North Castine, p-o., Castine t., Hancock co.. 
Me., 72 E. Augusta, 663 W. 

North Castle, p-t., Westchester co., N. Y., 
6 N. White Plains, 132 s. Albany, 263 W. The 
surface is hilly and stony ; soil, sandy loam and 
clay. Drained by Byrani r. It has 4 sch. 110 
scholars. Pop. 2,053. 

North Charleston, p-v., Charleston t., Sul- 
livan CO., N. IL, 54 w. Concord, 459 W. 

North Chatham, p-o., Chatham t., Carroll 
CO., N. H., 90 N. N. E. Concord, 534 W. 

North Chatham, p-v., Chatham t., Barnsta- 
ble CO., Mass., 98 s. e. Boston, 499 W. 

North Chatham, p-v., Chatham t., Columbia 
00., N. Y., 15 s. by e. Albany, 363 W. It con- 
tains 2 churches, 3 stores, I grist m., 1 saw m., 
30 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. 

North Chelmsford, p-o., Chelmsford t., Mid- 
dlesex CO., Mass., 25 n. w. Boston. 

North Chenango, t., Crawford co.. Pa. It has 
2 stores, cap. $4,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 4 grist 
m.,7sawm. Cap. in manuf. $19,000. Pop. 1,210. 

North Chester, p-o., Chester t., Hampden 
CO., Mass. 

North Chichester, p-v., Chichester t., Mer- 
rimac co., N. H., 11 e. Concord, 492 W. 

North Chili, p-o.. Chili t., Monroe co., N. Y., 
230 w. by N. Albany, 377 W. 

North Clarence, p-o., Clarence t., Erie co., 
N. Y., 275 w. Albany, 395 W. 

North Clinton, p-o., Clinton t., Kennebec 
CO., Me., 28 N. by e. Augusta, 623 W. 

North Clymer, p-o., Clymer t., Chautauque 
CO , N. Y., 356 w. Albany, 337 W. 

North Codoru.s, t., V'ork co.. Pa. It has 4 
stores, cap. $1,900; 14 distilleries, 4 grist m., 3 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $19,415. Pop. 1,540. 

North Conhocton, p-o., Conhocton t., Steu- 
ben CO., N. Y., 225 w. by n. Albany. 

North Conway, p-o., Conway t., Carroll co., 
N. H., 71 N. N. E. Concord, 555 W. 

North Cove, p-o., Burke co., N. C, 219 w. 
Raleigh, 449 W. 

No >~n Danvers. p-v., Danvers t., Essex co., 
Masf , iU N. N. C. iJui!U>n, 461 W. 



North Danville, p-o., Caledonia co., Vt., 34 
N. e. Montpelier, 547 W. 

North Dartmouth, p-v., Dartmouth t, Bris- 
tol CO., Mass., 61 s. Boston, 430 W. 

North Dighton, p-o., Bristol co., Mass., 37 s. 
by w. Boston, 424 W. 

North Dixmont, p-o., Dixmont t., Penobscot 
CO., Me., 44 N. E. Augusta, 639 W. 

North Dorset, p-o., Dorset t., Bennington 
CO., Vt., 84 s. s. w. Montpelier, 439 W. 

North Dover, p-o., Dover t., Cuyahoga co., 
O., 129 N. E. by N. Columbus, 371 W. 

North Dunbarton, p-v., Dunbarton t., Mer- 
rimac co., N. H., 7 s. by w. Concord, 477 W. 

North East, p-t., Dutchess co., N. Y., 53 s. s. 
E. Albany, 332 V^. The surface is uneven and 
rough, containing Taghkannic mountain ; soil, 
generally productive. Drained by Ten Mile cr. 
and its tributaries. It has several ponds, and 
contains some lead ore. The v. contains 1 Bap- 
tist church, 3 stores, about 25 dwellings, and 150 
inhabitants. There are in ihe t. 5 stores, cap. 
$16,500; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 
3 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $24,400. 
6 sch. 144 scholars. Pop. 1,385. 

North East, p-t., Erie co.. Pa., 10 n. e. Erie, 
281 N. \v. by w. Harrisburg, 358 W. Drained by 
Sixteen and Twenty i>Iile creeks. It is bounded 
N. by Lake Erie, and E. by New York state. 
The b. contains 2 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 distil- 
lery, 1 paper fac, 4 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $25,500. 2 sch. 66 scholars. Pop. 339. 
There are in the t., exclusive of the b., 3 stores, 
cap. $10,000; 2 tanneries. Cap. in manufac. 
$2,500. 17 sch. 468 scholars. Pop. 1,793. 

North East, p-v., Cecil co., Md., 74 n. e. An- 
napolis, 84 W. 

Northeast Centre, p-o.. North East t., 
Dutchess CO., N. Y., 56 s. s. e. Albany, 329 W. 

North Easton, p-o., Easton t., Bristol co., 
Mass. 

North Easton, p-o., Easton t., Washington 
CO., N. Y., 30 N. N. E. Albany, 400 W. 

North East Pass, or Balize, v., Plaquemine 
par.. La. Situated on the s. side of the Pass of 
the same name, and contains about 30 houses, 
chiefly occupied by pilots. 



NOR 



481 



NOR 



North Eaton, p-o., Eaton t., Lorain co., O., 
121 N N. E. Columbus, 37'J W. 

North EixiKcoMB, p-o., Edgecomb t., Lin- 
coln CO., Me., 20 s. s. E. Augusta"^ 500 W. 

North EriREMONT, p-v., Egremont t., Berk- 
shirs CO., Mas.s., 142 w. Boston, 3.i8 VV. 

North Ellsworth, po., ElLsworlh t., Han- 
cock CO., Me.. 85 E. by n. Augusta, 6S0 W. 

North E\d, p-o., Mathews co., Va., 'J3 e. 
Richmond. 173 VV. 

North Enfield, p-o., Enfield t., Grafton co., 
N. 11., 47 N. w. Concord, 490 W. 

Northern Liberties. (See Philadelpliia.) 

North FAniF.\x. p-o., Fairfax t., Franklin co., 
V^t., 64 N. w. 3Iontpelier, 542 W. 

North Fairfield, p o., Fairfield t., Somerset 
CO., Me., 2S N. Augusta, 623 W. 

North Fairfield, p-o., Huron co., O., 92 n. 
by E. Columbus, 395 W. 

North Fairiiaven, p-v., Fairhaven t., Bristol 
CO., Mass., 55 s. Boston, 438 W. 

North Falmouth, p-v., Falmouth t., Barnsta- 
ble CO., Mass., 67 s. s. e. Boston. 468 W. 

North Ff,rris»urg, po., Ferrisburg t., Ad- 
dison CO., Vt., 60 w. by s. Montpelier, 495 W. 

Northfield, pt., Washington co.. Me., 159 
E. N. E. Augusta, 741 W. Incorporated in 1833. 
It has 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manulac. 
$2,000. 2 sch. 95 scholars. Pop. 232. 

Northfield, p-t., Merriir.ac co., N. H., 15 n. 
by w. Concord, 406 W. The surface is uneven ; 
soil, in some places fertile. Watered by a branch 
of Winnipiseogee r., issuing from a pond. Incor- 
porated in 1780. It contains a Methodi.st church, 
and has 2 stores, cap. $5,500; 1 fulling m., 1 
cotton fac. 1,000 sp., 3 tanneries, 1 grist m., 3 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $55,250. 11 sch. 407 scho- 
lars. Pop. 1,413. 

Northfield, pt., Franklin co., Mass., 92 w. 
N. w. Boston, 412 W. Situated on both sides of 
Connecticut r., on the \. border of the state. In- 
corporated in 1673. The soil is fertile, and par- 
ticularly on the r., where are extensive and rich 
intervales. The v. is on an elevated plain, a 
little back from the r., on the e. side, and is 
handsomely built, chiefly on one extended street, 
parallel with the r., wide and handsomely shaded, 
and contains 2 churches and an academy. There 
are in the t. 3 stores, cap. §13,000; 1 fulling m., 
2 tanneries, 4 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $3,400. 1 acad. 85 students, 13 sch. 538 
scholars. Pop. 1,673. 

Northfield, p-v., Litchfield t. and co., Ct,, 28 
w. by s. Hartford, 334 W. Situated in the .s. e. 
part of the t. Incorporated a parish in 1794. The 
surface is rough and stony; soil, well adapted 
to grazing and some kinds of grain. It contains 
1 Congregational and 1 Episcopal church. 

Northfield, p-t., Washington co., Vt., 10 s. s. 
w. Montpelier, 506 W. Watered by Dog r., which 
affords water power. The surface is uneven ; 
soil, generally fertile. It has a pleasant v. in the 
centre, and a manufacturing v. a mile and a 
half s. of it. It contains 3 stores, cap. $10,500 ; 16 
lulling m., 2 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 6 grist m., 
12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. .$266,110. 1 acad. 
30 students, 17 sch. 599 scholars. Pop. 2,013. 

Northfield, t., Richmond co., N. Y., 3 n. 
Richmond, 156 s. Albany. The surface is vari- 
ous, having broad marshes on Stateu Island 
sound, and the Kills, by which n is bounded vv. 
and N. It has 17 stores, cap. $24,050; 8 flouring 
m., 4 grist m., 1 sawm. Cap. in manufac. $27,900. 
6 sch. 228 scholars. Pop. 2,745. 

Northfield. p-t.. Summit co., O., 143 n. e.' 
Columbus, 342 W. The surface is moderately j 
uneven ; soil, fertile. The Cuyahoga r. and the] 
61 



Ohio canal crosses the s. w. part of the t. A 
small tributary of the Cuyahoga affords water 
power. It has 6 sch. 217 scholars. Pop. 1,031. 

Northfield, p-t., Washtenaw co., Mich. 43 
w. Detroit, 536 W. 

Northfield, p-o., Boone co., la., 20 n. w. In- 
dianapolis, 589 W. 

Northfield Far.ms, p-v., Northfield t., Frank- 
lin CO., Mass., 96 w. by n. Boston, 407 W. 

North Fitchville, p-o., Fitchville t., Huron 
CO., O., 101 n. Columbus, 392 W. 
North Flat, p-o., Luzerne co.. Pa. 
Northford, p-v.. North Brantford t.. New 
Haven co., Ct., 28 s. by w. Hartford, 312 W. It 
has 1 Presbyterian church, 3 button fac, 1 comb 
fac, and several dwellings. 

North Fork, p-o., Ashe co., N. C, 214 w. by 
N. Raleigh, 378 W. 

North Fork, p-o.. Mason co., Ky., 83 n. e. 
by E. Frankfort, 471 W. 

North Fork, t., Izard co., Ark. It has 1 store, 
cap. ,$4,500 ; 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $1,935. Pop. 313. 

North Fork, po., Vermilion co.. 111., 146 e. 
by N. Springfield, 673 VV. 

North Frankfort, p-o., Frankfort t., Waldo 
CO., Me., 66 N. E. by e. Augusta. 660 W. 

North Franklin, Franklin t., Delaware co., 
N. Y., 79 w. s. w. Albany, 349 VV. 

North Freeman, p-o.. Freeman t., Franklin 
CO., Me. 

North Fryburgh, p-o., Fryburgh t., Oxford 
CO., 3Ie., 71 w. s. w. Augusta, 578 VV. 

North Gage, p-o., Deerfield t., Oneida co., 
N. Y., 92 w. N. vv. Albany, 412 W. 

North Galway, p-o., Galway t., Saratoga co., 
N. Y., 39 N. by w. Albany, 407 W. 

North Garden, p-o., Albemarle co., Va., 89 
w. N. w. Richmond, 139 W. 

North Georgetown, p-v., Knox t., Colum- 
biana CO., O., 146 n. e. by e. Columbus, 298 W. 
It contains 3 stores, about 40 dwellings, and 250 
inhabitants. 

North Goshen, p-v., Goshen t., Litchfield co., 
Ct., 34 w. by N. Hartford, 336 W. Situated on a 
small branch of Naugatuck r. It has 1 Congre- 
gational church and several dwellings. 

North Granby, p-v., Granby t., Hartford co., 
Ct., 20 N. w. Hartford, 356 VV. It has 1 Congre- 
gational church and a few dwellings. 

North Granville, p-v., Granville t., Wash- 
ington CO., N. Y., 66 N. N. e. Albany, 436 W. 

North Greenwich, p-o., Greenwich t., Wash- 
ington co., N. v., 40 N. N. E. Albany, 410 VV. 

North Guilford, p-v., Guilford t.. New Ha- 
ven CO., Ct., 28 s. Hartford, 320 VV^ It contains 
2 churches and seAcral neat dwellings. 

North IIadley, p-v., Hadley t., Hampshire 
CO., Mass., 94 w. Boston, 387 VV'. 

North Hamden, p-b., Hamden t., Delaware 
CO., N. Y. 

North Ha-mpton, p-t., Rockingham co., N. 
II., 50 s. e. Concord, 487 VV. It has the Atlantic 
ocean on its E. border. The railroad from Boston 
to Portsmouth passes through it. It has 1 store, 
cap. $2,<H)0 ; 3 tanneries, 2 grist m., 3 saw- m., 3 
sch. 130 scholars. Pop. 835. 

North Ha.mpton, p-o.. Clarke co., O., 52 w 
Columbus, 415 VV. 

North Hampton, po., Peoria co.. 111., 90 n. 
Springfield, 801 W. 

North IIarpersfield, p-o.. Harpersneld t., 
Delaware co., N. Y., 61 w. s. w. Albany, 370 VV. 
North Hartford, p-o., Hartford t., Oxford 
CO., 3Ie., 32 w. Augusta, 589 VV. 

North Hartland, p-o., Ilartland t., W^indsor 
CO., Vt., 57 s. by e. Montpelier, 482 W. 



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482 



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North Haven, p-t., New Haven co., Ct., 30 
S. s. w. Hartford, 306 W. The soil, excepting 
the river bottom land, is light and warm. The 
intervale is very fertile. Watered by Quinnipi- 
ac r., on which is a very extensive salt marsh, 
which produces a great amount of salt hay. 
Where the meadows are protected from the salt 
water by dykes, the hay is better. It contains a 
Congregational and an Episcopal chiircii. It has 
3 stores, cap. $4,000 ; 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $19,000. 8 sch. 302 scholars. Pop. 
1,349. 

North Haverhill, p-v., Haverhill t., Grafton 
CO., N. H., 74 Concord, 519 W. 

North Hebron, p-c, Hebron t., Washington 
CO., N. Y., 60 N. N. E. Albany, 430 W. 

North Hector, p-o., Hector t., Tompkins co., 
N. Y., 184 w. by s. Albany, 314 W. 

North Hempstead, p-t., and capital of 
Queens co., N. Y., 168 s. Albany, 20 e. Now 
York, 248 W. The surface is uneven, being 
crossed by the ridge whioli runs E. and w. through 
Long Island. Harbor Hill, the highest point, is 
319 feet above the ocean. The soil is sand and 
loam, generally fertile and well cultivated. Long 
Island sound bounds it on the n., from which sev- 
eral bays penetrate into the t. Success pond, a 
handsome sheet of water, lies on its w. border, 
and is well stored with fish. The v. is situated 
on the N. side of Hempstead Plains, and half a 
mile N. of the Long Island railroad, and contains 
a court house, jail, and a few dwellii"igs. There 
are in the t. 10 stores, cap. $25,100 ; 2 lumber 
yards, cap. $8,000 ; 1 fulUng m., 2 woollen fac, 
1 tannery, 1 glass house, 1 paper fac, 2 flouring 
m., 4 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufactures, 
$48,600. 1 acad. 25 students, 9 sch. 353 scholars. 
Pop. 3,891. 

North Hero, p-t., and capital of Grand Isle 
CO., Vt., 71 N. w. Montpelier, 544 W. It com- 
prises a considerable island in Lake Champlain, 
containing 6,272 acres, separated from South He- 
ro, the larger island, by a narrow strait. The 
surface is very slightly uneven ; soil, very fertile, 
and adapted to grain. There is no mill stream 
on the island. Tlie v. contains a stone court 
house and jail, and a number of dwellings. First 
settled in 17^3. There are in the t. 1 store, cap. 
$1,000 ; 1 tannery. Pop. 716. 

North Hollis, p-o., Hollis t., York co.. Me., 
67 s. w. Augusta, 533 W. 

North Huntingdon, t., Westmoreland co.. 
Pa. It has 5 stores, cap. $15,500 ; 2 tanneries, 2 
distilleries, 4 flouring m., 7 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $22,015. 4 sell, 203 scholars. Pop. 1,873. 

North Hyde Park, po., Hyde Park t., La- 
moille CO., Vt., 41 N. Montpelier, 555 W. 

North Industry, pv.. Canton t., Stark co., 
O., 128 N. E. Columbus, 317 W. It contains 1 
store, 1 saw m., and 1 flouring m., capable of pro- 
ducing from 80 to 100 barrels of flour a day, 18 or 

20 dwellings, and about 100 inhabitants. 
NoRTHiNGTON, p-v., Cumberland co., N. C, 

51 s. by w. Raleigli, 339 W. 

North Jackso.n, p-o., Trumbull co., O., 160 
N. E. Columbus, 311 W. 

North Kenneisunkport, p-o., Kennebunk- 
port t., York co.. Me., 69 s. w. Augusta, 5:i8 W. 

North Kent, p-o., Kent t., Litchfield co., Ct., 
46 w. Hartford, 329 W. 

North Killingly, p-v., Killingly t., Wind- 
ham CO., Ct., 51 E. by N. Hartford, 3S2 W. Sit- 
uated on the E. side of Quinnebaug r., and con- 
tains a Congregational church. 

North Kingston, t., Washington co., R. I., 

21 s. Providence. Situated on the vv. side of 
Narraganset bay. The surface is uneven ; soil, 



gravelly loam, adapted to grazing, grain, and 
vegetables. Several small streams afford water 
power. The v. of Wickford, on a branch of Nar- 
raganset bay, has a good harbor, contains a Baptist 
and an Episcopal church, and has considerable 
navigation, employed in the coasting trade and 
the fisheries. There are in the t. 24 stores, cap. 
$43,700 ; 3 lumber yards, cap. $7,500 ; 4 woollen 
fac, 5 cotton fac. 5,756 sp., 4 grist m. Cap. in 
manufac. $71,650. 1 acad. 79 students, 14 sch. 
624 scholars. Pop. 2,909. 

North Kortright, p-o., Kortright t, Dela- 
ware CO., N. Y., 66 w. s. w. Albany, 365 W. 

North Lake, p-o., Washtenaw co., Mich., 60 
w. Detroit, 546 W. 

North Lansing, p-o., Lansing t., Tompkins 
CO., N. Y., 175 w. by s. Albany, 308 W. 

North Leeds, p-o., Leecfe t., Kennebec co^ 
Me., 19 w. s. w. Augusta, 598 W. 

North Leverett, p-v., Leverett t., Franklin 
CO., Mass., 82 w. n. w. Boston, 399 W. It has 1 
Congregational church and some manufactures. 

North Liberty, p-o., Mercer co.. Pa., 224 w. 
N. w. Harrisburg, 266 W. 

North Lima, p-v., Beaver t., Columbiana co., 
O., 172 E. N. E. Columbus, 284 W. 

North Lincoln, p-o., Lincoln t., Penobscot 
CO., Me., 122 N. E. Augusta, 717 W. 

North Livermore, p-o., Livermore t., Oxford 
CO., Me., 26 w. by n. Augusta, 602 W. 

North Londonderry, p-o., Londonderry t., 
Rockingham county, N. H., 28 s. s. E. Concord, 
460 W. 

North Lyman, p-o., Lyman t., Grafton co., 
N. H., 102 N. N. w. Concord, 53S W. 

North Lyme, p-v., Lyme t.. New London co., 
Ct., 37 s. s. E. Hartford, 340 W. It has a Biiptist 
church. 

North Madison, p-v., Madison t.. New Ha- 
ven CO., Ct. Situated on the w. side of Ham- 
monasset river, and contains a Congregational 
church. 

North Manchester, p-v., Wabash co., la., 
109 N. by E. Indianapolis, 589 W. 

North Marlow, p-o., Marlow t., Cheshire co., 
N. IL, 50 w. by s. Concord, 454 W. 

North Marshall, p-o., Marshall t., Calhoun 
CO., Mich., 109 w. Detroit, 574 W. 

North Marshfield, p-v., Marshfield t., Ply- 
mouth CO., Mass., 26 s. e. Boston, 450 W. Situ- 
ated on the s. side of North r., and contains 3 
churches — 1 Baptist, 1 Congregational, and 1 
Episcopal. 

North Mendon, Mendon t, Monroe co., N. Y., 
218 w. by N. Albany, 365 W. 

North MiDDLEi!OR0UGH,p-v., Middleborough 
t., Plymouth co., Mass., 35 s. Boston, 428 W. 

North Middlesex, p-o., Middlesex t., Yates 
CO., N. Y., 210 w. Albany, 331 W. 

North Middleton, t., Cumberland co , Pa. 
The surface is partly hilly, partly level ; soil, 
calcareous loam and slate. Watered by Conadog- 
winit cr. and its branches. The Blue moun- 
tains bound it n., through which are Stcrret's 
and Long's gaps. It has 1 store, cap. $800; 1 
fulling m., 3 distilleries, 1 tannery, 1 flouring m., 
5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,145. Pop. 1,999. 

North Miudletown, p-v., Bourbon co., Ky., 
49 E. Frankfort, 517 W. 

North Montpelier, p-o., Montpelier t, 
Washington co., Vt., 8 n. Montpelier, 524 W. 

North Moreland, p-t., Luzerne co., Pa., 146 
N. E. Harrisburg, 251 W. It has 3 stores, cap. 
$8,000 ; 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. m 
manufac. $6,000. 6 sch. 244 scholars. Pop. 887. 

North Mount Pleasant, p-o., Marshall co.. 
Miss., 208 N. by e. Jackson, 908 W. 



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483 



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North Newburg, p-o., Newburg t., Penob- 
scot CO., Me., 52 N. E. Augusta, 647 W. 

North Newburg, p-o., Newburg t., Geauga 
CO., O., 163 N. E. Columbus, 337 W. 

North Newport, p-o., Newport t., Penobscot 
CO., Me., 67 N. N. E. Augusta, 662 W. 

North New Portl.\nd, p-o.. New Portland 
t., Somerset co., Me., 56 n. n. w. Augusta, 650 W. 

North New Salem, p-o., New Salem t., 
Franklin co., Mass., 78 Boston, 408 W. 

North Norway, p-o., Norway t., Oxford co.. 
Me., 50 w. by s. Augusta, 594 W. 

North Norwich, p-o., Norwich t., Chenango 
CO., N. Y., 108 w. Albany, 342 W. 

North Norwich, p-o., Norwich t., Huron co., 
O., 90 N. Columbus, 404 W. 

North Orwell, p-o., Bradford co.. Pa., 147 
N. N. E. Harrisburg. 

North O.vford, p-v., Oxford t., Worcester co., 
Mass., 51 w. by s. Boston, 391 W. 

North Palermo, p-o., Palermo t., Waldo co.. 
Me., 23 E. N. E. Augusta, 618 W. 

North Paris, p-o., Paris t., Oxford co., Me., 
45 w. by s. Augusta, 599 W. 

North Parso.nsfield, p-o., Parsonsfield t., 
York CO., Me., 85 w. s. w. Augusta, 540 W. 

North Penobscot, p-o., Penobscot, t., Han- 
cock CO., 3Ie., 66 E. by n. Augusta, 662 W. 

North Perry, p-o.. Perry t.. Lake co., O., 
1S2 N. E. Columbus, 356 W. 

North Perryburg, p-o., Perryburg t., Cat- 
taraugus CO., N. Y., 302 w. by s. Albany, 35S W. 

North Plympton,po., Plympton t., Plymouth 
CO., Mass., 38 s. s. e. Boston, 439 W. 

Northport, p-t., Waldo co.. Me., 50 e. Au- 
gusta, 643 W. Situated on the w. side of Pe- 
nobscot r. and Belfast bay. It contains several 
ponds. The soil is fertile. It has facilities for 
navigation, carries on ship building, and has con- 
siderable navigation employed in the coasting 
trade. It has 4 stores, cap. $1,525; I saw m. 
Cap. inmanufac. $125. 8 sch. Pop. 1,207. 

Northport, p-v., Huntington t., Suffolk co., 
N. Y., 195 s. s. E. Albany, 275 W. It contains 

1 church, 1 grist m., and about 20 dwellings. 
Northport, p-v., Tuscaloo.sa co., Ala. Situ- 
ated on the N. w. side of Black Warrior r., and I 
N. w. Tuscaloosa, 819 W. 

North Pownall, p-o., Povvnall t., Cumber- 
land CO., Me., 45 s. w. Augusta, 566 W. 

North Prospect, p-o.. Prospect t., Waldo co.. 
Me., 56 E. N. E. Augusta, 650 W. 

North Providk.vce, t.. Providence co., R. I. 
The surface is moderately uneven ; soil, gravelly, 
sandy, and calcareous loam, productive in grass, 
some kinds of grain, vegetables and fruits. See- 
konk r. runs on its e. border, and Wanasquatucket 
r. on its w. border. Watered also by Masha- 
suck r. All these streams aflTord water power. 
The v. of Pawtucket, on Seekonk r., is a large 
manufacturing place, and is partly in Massa- 
chusetts, being on the line between the 2 states. 
It is one of the most considerable manufacturing 
villages in the country. The t. was incorporated 
in 1767, and contains 30 stores, cap. $65,700 ; 1 
lumber yard, cap. §15,000 ; 2 furnaces, 2 fulling 
m., 20 cotton fac. 30,000 sp., 2 tanneries, 2 print- 
ing offices, 1 binderj', 1 weekly newspaper. 5 
grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $319,500. 

2 acad. 80 students, 8 sch. 265 scholars. Pop. 
4,207. 

North Raisinville, p-o., Raisinville t., Mon- 
roe CO., Mich., 47 s. w. Detroit, 496 W. 

North Raymo.nd, p-o., Raymond t., Cumber- 
land CO., Me., 66 s. w. Augusta, 569 W. 

North Reading, p-v., Reading t., Middlesex 
CO., Mass., 15 N. Boston, 455 W. Situated on n. 



side of Ipswich r., and contains 2 churches — 1 
Baptist, 1 Congregational. 

North Reading, p-o., Reading t., Steuben 
CO., N. Y., 195 w. by s. Albany, 314 W. 

North Ridgeville, p o., Ridgeville t., Lo- 
rain CO., O., 120 N. N. e. Columbus, 378 W. 

North Ridgeway, p-o., Ridgeway t., Orleans 
CO., N. Y. 

North River, N. Y. (See Hudson r.) 

North River, Mass., flows in Plymouth co., 
and is navirable for vessels of 300 tons, 18 ms. 
to Pembroke. It enters Massachusetts bay 
through an estuary between Marshfield and 
Scituate. 

North River Meeting House, p-o., Hamp- 
shire CO., Va., 183 N. N. w. Richmond, HI W. 

North River Mills, p-o., Hampshire co., 
Va., 172 N. N. w. Richmond, 100 W. 

North Rochester, p-v., Rochester t., Ply- 
mouth CO., Mass., 4S s. s. e. Boston, 435 W. 

North Rochester, p-o., Lorain co., O., 101 
N. N. E. ColiuTibus, 396 W. 

North Rovalton, p-o., Royalton t., Cuyaho- 
ga CO., O., 136 Columbus, 366 W. 

North Salem, p-o., Salem t., Rockingham co., 
N. H., 45 s. s. e. Concord, 462 W. 

North Salem, p-t., Westchester co., N. Y., 
24 N. White Plains, 113 s. Albany, 281 W. The 
surface is moderately uneven ; soil, gravelly and 
clay loam. Drained by Titicus cr., a branch of 
Croton r., which bounds it on the w. The v. 
contains 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episco- 
pal, and 1 Universalist — 3 stores, 1 paper m., 1 
grist m., 1 clothier's works, 35 dwelhngs, and 
about 200 inhabitants. There are in the t. 1 
acad. 48 students, 5 sch. 87 scholars. Pop. 1,161. 

North Salem, p-v., Hendricks co., la., 30 w. 
Indianapolis, 601 W. 

North Sandwich, p-v.. Sandwich t., Car- 
roll CO., N. H., 56 N. Concord, 537 W. 

North Sandwich, p-v.. Sandwich t., Barn- 
stable CO., Mass., 60 s. Boston, 453 W. It con- 
tains a Methodist church, and several dwellings. 

North Scituate, p-v., Scituate t., Plymouth 
CO., Mass., 25 s. E. Boston, 456 W. 

North Scituate, p-v., Scituate t., Providence 
CO., R. I., 10 w. Providence, 392 W. 

North Sears.mont, p-v., Searsmontt., Waldo 
CO., Me.. 39 e. Augusta, 625 W. 

North Sevvickly, p-t., Beaver co., Pa., 233 
w. by N. Harrisburg, 263 W. The surface is roll- 
ing ; .soil, calcareous loam. Drained by Slippery 
Rock and Conequenessing creeks, which unite 
in this t., and flow into Beaver river. It has 4 
stores, cap. $7,000 ; 2 tanneries, 8 grist m., 7 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $14,900. 9 sch. 354 schol- 
ars. Pop. 2,992. 

North Sheldon, p-o., Sheldon t., Wyoming 
CO., N. Y., 267 w. Albany, 365 W. 

North Shore, p-o., Caslleton t.. Richmond 
CO., N. Y., 153 s. by w. Alliany, 23i W. Situ- 
ated in the v. of Factoryville, which see. 

North S.mithfield, p-v., Bradford co.. Pa., 
153 N. Harrisburg, 263 W. 

North Somers, p-o.. Somers t., Tolland co., 
Ct., 25 N. E. Hartford, 361 W. 

North Sparta, p-o., Sparta t., Livingston co., 
N. Y., 238 w. Albany, 339 W. 

North Spencer, p-v., Spencer t., Worcester 
CO., iMass., 53 w. Boston, 408 W. It has a Bap- 
tist church. 

North Springfield, p-o., Springfield t, 
Windsor co., Vt., 74 s. by E. Montpelier, 462 W. 

North Springfield, p-o., Springfield t.. 
Summit co., O., 130 n. e. Columbus, 324 W. 

North Stamford, p-v., Stamford t., Fairfield 
CO., Ct., 78 s. w. Hartford, 269 W. Situated on 



NOR 



484 



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the w. side of Mill r., and contains a Congrega- 
tional cliurc-h. 

North Stephentown, p-o., Stephentown t., 
Rensselaer co., N. Y., 35 s. e. Albany, 3_^0 W. 

North Sterling, p-o.. Sterling t., Cayuga 
CO., N. Y., 174 vv. N. w. Albany, 367 W. 

North Stonington, p-t., New London co., 
Ct., 33 N. E. Hartford, 368 W. The surface is 
uneven ; soil, gravelly loam, and adapted to 
grazing. Watered by Pawcatuck r. and its 
branches, which afford water power. The v. 
called Mdltown.,on a branch of Pawcatuck river, 
contains 2 churches — 1 Congregational and ] 
Baptist — 5 stores, and about 30 dwellings. There 
are 2 other Baptist churches in the t. There are 
in the t. 5 stores, cap. $3,500 ; 2 tanneries, 2 grist 
m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $13,710. 1 acad. 
15 students, 13 sch. 54 1 scholars. Pop. 2,269. 

North Strabane, t., Washington co., Pa. 
The surface is hilly ; soil, loam. Drained by 
Chartier's cr. and Little Chartier's cr., which 
unite on the n. boundary. It lias 1 tannery, 2 
grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,700. 6 
sch. 300 scholars. Pop. 1,207. 

NoKTH Sudbury, p-v., Sudbury t., Middlesex 
CO., Mass., 20 w. by n. Boston, 439 W. 

North Sunderland, p-v., Sunderland t., 
Franklin co., Mass., 87 w. Boston, 393 W. 

North Swan.sea, p-v., Swansea t., Bristol 
CO., Mass., 51 s. by w. Boston, 409 W. 

North Troy, p-o., Troy t., Orleans co., Vt., 
60 N. Montpelier, 576 W. 

North Truro, p-v., Truro t., Barnstable co., 
Mass., 116 s. E. Boston, 517 W. 

North Turner, p-o., Turner t., O.tford co., 
Me., 25 w. s. w. Augusta, 591 W. 

North Turner Bridge, p-o., Turner t., Ox- 
ford CO., Me., 21 w. s. w. Augusta, 595 W. 

Northumberland, county, Pa. Situated near 
the centre of the state, on the e. side of Susque- 
hanna r., and contains 440 sq. ms. The surface 
is mountainous and rocky, excepting along the 
r., where the soil is fertile. Watered by Susque- 
hanna r., and its main and some minor branches. 
Capital, Sunbury. There were in 1840, neat 
11,623, sheep 17,409, swine 18,865; wheat 
227,227 bush, produced, rye 141,016, Ind. corn 
165,799, buckwheat 54,542, barley 558, oats 
160,190, potatoes 115,985, tobacco 27,305 pounds ; 
55 stores, cap. $199,800; 17 tanneries, 14 dis- 
tilleries, 1 brewery, 6 potteries, 3 printing offices, 
1 weekly newspaper, 29 grist m., 28 saw m., 1 oil 
m. Cap. in manufac. $223,660. 61 sch. 2,854 
scholars. Pop. 20,027. 

Northumberland, county, Va. Situated in 
the E. part of the state, on Chesapeake bay, 
which bounds it on the e. It contains 240 sq. ms. 
It has the mouth of the Potomac r. on the n, e. 
Drained by small streams which enter the Po- 
tomac, and Wicomico r., which flows into the 
Chesapeake. Capital, fleathsville. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 6,300, sheep 4,057, swine 
12,035 ; wheat 28,038 bushels produced, Indian 
corn 173,972, oats 54,594, potatoes 20,336, cotton 
11,808 pounds, sugar 45,120; 17 stores, cap. 
$56,1.50 ; 3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 23 grist m., 6 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,250. 4 acad. 106 
students, 8 sch. 180 scholars. Pop. whites 4,034, 
slaves 3,243, free coVd 647 ; total, 7,924. 

Northumberland, p-t., Coos co., N. H., 107 
N. Concord, 568 W. Connecticut r. bounds it on 
the w., along which is extensive bottom land, 
very fertile. An abrupt mountain, 1,000 feet in 
height, lies in the w. part of the t. Watered by 
Upper Ammonoosuck r. and its branches. Be- 
low the entrance of this r. are falls in Connecti- 
cut r., where is a bridge, which leads to Guild- 



hall, Vt., and a dam, which affords great water 
power. At this place is a considerable village. 
The t. was incorporated in 1779. It has 2 stores, 
cup. $3,500 ; 1 taimery, 1 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $6,400. 5 sch. 122 scholars. Pop. 399. 

Northumberland, p-t., Saratoga co.,N. Y., 15 
e. Ballston Spa., 38 n. Albany, 408 W. The 
surface is jjenerally level ; soil, sandy loam. 
Watered by Hudson r., which flows on its e. 
border. It "has 4 stores, cap. $10,000; 2 fulling 
m., 1 woollen fac, 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $36,600. 6 sch. 198 scholars. Pop. 
1,672. 

Northumberland, p-b., Northumberland co., 
Pa., 59 N. Harrisbnrg, 169 W. Situated at the con- 
fluence of the E. and w. branches of Susquehan- 
na r. A bridge across the e. branch connects it 
with Sunbury. The Shamoken dam across the 
river here is 94 feet high above the bottom of the 
r., and 2,783 feet long, with a chute 64 feet wide, 
and 650 feet long. The b. contains 3 churches — 
1 Presbyterian, 1 Methodist, and 1 German Re- 
formed — an academy, a market house, town house 
of brick, a bank; 6 stores, cap. $16,100. Cap. 
in manufac. $5,150. 3 sch. 190 scholars. Pop. 
928. Incorporated in 1823. The Susquehanna 
and North and West Branch canals meet here. 
It has an extensive trade. 

North Vassalborough, p-o., Vassalborough 
t., Kennebec co., Me., 18 n. by e. Augusta, 613 
W. 

NoRTHViLLE, p-v., Plymouth co., Mass. 

Northville, p-v., New Milford t., Litchfield, 
CO., Ct., 47 w. by s. Hartford, 312 W. 

Northville, p-o., Northampton t., Fulton co., 
N. Y., 55 N. w. Albany, 424 W. 

Northville, p-v., Erie co., Pa., 285 n. w. by 
w. Harrisbnrg, 358 W. 

Northville, p-v., Wayne co., Mich., 28 w. 
.\. w. Detroit, 534 W. Situated on the w. side 
of the w. branch of Rouge r., at the junction of 
the outlet of Walled lake. It contains 3 church- 
es — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist — 
4 stores, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m., 1 furnace, 1 
cloth-dressing works, and about 250 inhabitants, 
and has an extensive water power. 

Northville, p-v , La Salle co., 111., 152 n. n. 
E. Springfield, 781 W. 

North Wakefield, p-o., Wakefield t., Straf- 
ford CO., N. II., 50 N. E. Concord. 

North Wardsborough, p-o., Wardsborough 
t., Windham co., Vt., 1 17 s. Montpelier, 444 W. 

North Washington, p-v., Washington t., 
Westmoreland co.. Pa., 189 w. Harrisbnrg, 214 
W. It contains 1 store and about 12 or 15 dwell- 
ing.s. 

Northwest Bridgewater, p-o., Plymouth 
CO., Mass., 19 s. Boston, 432 W. 

Northwest River Bridge, p-o., Norfolk co., 
Va., 130 s. E. Richmond, 255 W. Situated on a 
small stream flowing into Currituck sound. 

North Wethersfield, p-o., Wethersfield t., 
Wyoming co., N. Y., 256 w. Albany, 371 W. 

Northwest Fork, hundred, Sussex co., Del. 
It has 17 stores, cap. ,$33,100; 1 tannery, 4 grist 
m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $20,330. 1 acad. 
25 students, 5 sch. 231 scholars. Pop. 3,187. 

North Weymouth, p-v., Weymouth t., Nor- 
folk CO., Mass., 12 s. s. e. Boston, 452 W. 

North White Creek, p-v.. White Creek t., 
Washington co., N. Y., 36 n. e. Albany, 406 W. 
It contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist 
church, 5 stores, 1 carriage fac, 70 dwellings, and 
about 500 inhabitants. 

North Whitefield, p-o., Whitefield t., Lin- 
coln CO., Me., 16 s. e. Augusta, 604 W. 

North Whitehall, p-t., Leliigh co., Pa , 95 



NOR 



485 



NOR 



E. N. E. Harrisburg, 188 W. TUe surface is level ; 
soil, a fertile calcareous loam, well cultivated. 
Drained by < -oply and Jordan creeks, and small 
tributaries of Lehigh r. It contains 2 churches, 
and has 8 stores, cap. §30,200 ; 5 tanneries, 13 
distilleries, 7 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $13,200. 7 sch. 2G0 scholars. Fop. 2,3i4. 

North Wiln.\, p-o., Wilna t., Jefferson co., 
N. Y. 

North Wilton, p-o., Wilton t., Franklin co.. 
Me., 38 w. N. w. Augusta, 6 If) W. 

North Wixdii.^m, p-o., Windham t., Cumber- 
land CO., Me., 53 s. w. Augusta, 556 W. 

North Wi.ndham, p-v., Windham t., Windham 
CO., Ct., 35 E. by s. Hartford, 363 W. It contains 
1 Baptist church, 2 cotton fac, and several dwell- 
ings. 

iVoRTH WoLFBOiiouGH, p-o., Wolfborougli t., 
Carroll co., N. H., 42 n. e. Concord, 523 W." 

North Woodstock, p-v., Woodstock t., Wind- 
ham CO., Ct., 42 E. N. E. Hartford, 378 W. Situ- 
ated on a small branch of Quinnebaug r., and con- 
tains 2 Congregational churches and several neat 
dwellings. 

NoRTHwooD, t., Rockingham co., N. H., 20 e. 
Concord. It has 6 ponds, some of which give 
rise to Isinglass and Suncook rivers. Lamprey 
r. also rises in this t. The surface is elevated ; 
soil, adapted to grazing. First, settled in 1763. 
It has 6 stores, cap. $6,500 ; 2 saw m., 8 sch. 435 
scholars. Pop. 1,172. 

North Wrentham. p-o., Wrentham t., Nor- 
folk CO., Mass., 28 s. by w. Boston, 425 W. 

NoRTFi Yarmouth, p-t., Cumberland co.. Me., 
10 N. Portland, 40 s. w. Augusta, 555 W. A 
small r. flows across it, which affords water pow- 
er. Casco bay bounds it on the s. E., affording 
facilities for navigation. It has considerable ship- 
ping engaged in the coasting trade and the fish- 
eries. It contains 4 churches — 3 Congregational 
and 1 Baptist — and an academy. It has 15 stores, 
cap. $12,000; 2 fulling m., 5 tanneries, 3 potter- 
ies, 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in mannf.ictures 
$4,800. 1 acad. 265 students, 18 sch. 1,100 schol- 
ars. Pop. 2,824. 

North Y'armouth Centre, p-o.. North Yar- 
mouth t., Cumberland co., Me., 48 s. w. Augusta, 
557 W. 

Norton, p-t., Bristol co., Mass., 33 s. Boston, 
423 W. Incorporated in 1711, having previously 
belonged to Taunton. The .soil is fertile. It is 
watered by Rumford, Cocassct, and Canoe rivers, 
branches of Taunton r., which afford good water 
power. It has 9 stores, cap. $7, 150 ; 1 furnace, 4 
cotton fac. 1,964 sp., 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 9 saw 
ni. Cap. in manufac. $287,502. 1 acad. 100 stu- 
dents, 11 sch. 377 scholars. Pop. 1,545. 

Norto.n, p-v., Marll)orough t., Delaware co., 
O., 31 N. Cohimbus, 418 W. Situated on the w. 
side of Olentangy or Whetstone r. It contains 1 
church, 3 stores, several mechanics, and 6 or 8 
dwelUngs. 

Norton, t.. Summit co., O. Drained by Hud- 
son's run and Wolf cr., which afford water power, 
tributaries of the Tuscarawas r., which crosses 
its s. E. corner. The Ohio canal crosses it, along 
the Tuscarawas r. It has 7 sch. 263 scholars. 
Pop. 1,479. 

Norton, t., Ottawa co., Mich. It has 1 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $6,000. Pop. 98. 

Novtonsvflle, p-o., Albemarle co., Va., 105 
W. N. w. Richmond, 124 W. 

Norvell, p-o., Jackson co., Mich. 

NoRWALK, r., Ct., a small r., which enters 
Long Island sound, at Norvvalk. 

NoRWALK, p-t., Fairfield co., Ct., 68 s. w. Hart- 
ford, 269 W Long Island sound bounds it on 



the s. The surf ice is uneven ; soil, very fertile 
The v. is situated on both sides of Norwalk r., 
over which is a bridge. Ves.sels drawing 6 feet 
of waler come up to the bridge. It was chartered 
as a borough in 1836, aad contains 2 churches — 

1 Congregational and 1 Episcopal — a bank, 26 
stores, 2 printing offices, each issuing a weekly 
newspaper, and over 100 dwellings. The v. of 
South iSforwalk is li mile s. of the borough, on 
the w. side of the cr. It constitutes the landing 
place of the steamboats which ply to New York, 
and has considerable manufactures, particularly 
of hats. Carpets are made in this t., without 
spinning or weaving, consisting of felting, and is 
a neat and durable article. The t. was burned 
by the British, under Gov. Tryon, on July ]7th, 
1779. There are in the t. 24 stores, cap. $73,800 ; 

2 tanneries, 2 potteries, 1 printing office, 1 weekly 
newspaper, 3 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $85,050. 2 acad. 67 students, 9 schools 927 
scholars. Pop. 3,863. 

Norwalk, p-t., capital of Huron co., O., 99 n. 
by E. Columbus, 392 W. The soil is very fer- 
tile. The V. has an elevated situation, and con- 
tains 4 churches — 1 Episcopal, 1 Methodist, 1 
Baptist, 1 Presbyterian — a Methodist seminary, 
or high school, an insurance company, a public 
library and reading room, a steam paper m. and 
grist m., 2 printing offices, issuing each a weekly 
newspaper, about 200 dwellings, and about 1,800 
inhabitants. There are in the t. 1 tannery, 1 dis- 
tillery, 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $14,100. 12 
sch. 469 scholars. Pop. 2,613. 

Norway, p-t., Oxford co.. Me., 44 w. by s. 
Augusta, 588 Vv. It contains a large pond, which 
discharges its waters into Little Androscoggin r. 
The soil is fertile, adapted to grain. Incorporated 
in 1797. It has 4 stores, cap. $2,900 ; 2 fulling 
m., 2 tanneries, 1 flouring m., 3 grist m., 4 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $15,750. 1 academy, 682 
scholars in schools. Pop. 1,786. 

Norway, p-t., Herkimer co., N. Y., 86 w. n. 
vv. Albany, 411 W. The surface is hilly; soil, 
sandy loam and clay, well adapted to grass. 
Drained by tributaries of West Canada creek. 
The V. contains 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, I 
Episcopal, and 1 Baptist. The t. has 2 stores, 
cap. $ V-00 ; 1 fulling m., 1 grist m., 5 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $S,830. 8 sch. 295 scholars. 
Pop. 1,046. 

Norwegian, t., Schuylkill co.. Pa. The sur- 
face is hilly and mountainous, and it is an impor- 
tant centre of the coal mines and trade. Watered 
by Schuylkill r. and its branches. It has 14 stores, 
cap. $27,800 ; 1 powder m., 1 flouring rn., 14 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $23,100. 8 sch. 302 schol- 
ars. Pop. 3,812. 

Norwich, p-t., Windsor co., Vt., 46 s. s. E. 
3Iontpelier, 490 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, 
fertile, adapted to grain, grazing, and fruit. Con- 
necticut r. runs on its e. border, across wiiich is 
a bridge, connecting it with Hanover, N. H. 
Watered by Ompompanoosuc r.. Bloody brook, 
and Sraalley's brook, which afford water power. 
The V. is pleasantly situated on a plain, and con- 
tains a Congregational church, an academy, and, 
a number of handsome dwellings. There are in 
the t. 5 stores, cap. $28,000 ; 3 grist m., 2 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $300. 1 college, 70 students, 
1 acad. 70 students, 20 sch. 747 scholars. Pop. 
2,218. 

Norwich, p-t., Hampshire co., Mass., 104 w. 
Boston, 3S1 W. It has 1 store, cap. $600 ; 1 full- 
ing m., 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $4,600. 8 sch. 225 scholars. Pop. 750. 
Norwich, city, and semi-capitiil of New Lon- 
doa CO., Ct., is situated at the head of navigation 



NOR 



486 



NOT 



on Thames r., in 41° 33' n. lat., and 72° 7' w. 
Ion., 13 N. New London, 3'J s. e. Hartford, 3-i s. 
w. Providence, R. I., 50 n. e. New Haven, 357 
W. Pop. 1830, city, 3,144 ; total in t. 5,179 : 1840, 
city, 4,200; t., excepting the city, 3,039; total, 
7,239. It consists of 3 parts — Chelsea Landing, 
or Norwich City, the Town, and VVestville, for- 
merly called Bean Hill. Norwich City, or the 
Landing, is situated on the point of land between 
the Shetucket and Yantic rivers, which here 
unite to form the Thames. The site is singularly 
romantic, on the steep declivity of a liigh hill, 
which causes the streets to rise above each other 
like terraces, and the liouses in the rear to over- 
look tliose in front. The t., 2 miles n. w., is on 
a pleasant valley, surrounded by hills, which on 
the E. rise rapidly from the street, and afford 
commanding situations for dwellings. In the 
centre of the place is a large triangular public 
ground, or square, surrounded by houses and 
stores, on which fronts the principal churcli. 
Between the landing and town is a beautiful 
plain, which furnishes fine situations for elegant 
residences. In the x. w. part of the city, on the 
road to Hartford, is Westville, which contains a 
number of pleasant dwellings and several manu- 
facturing establishments. Within the city are a 
court house, jail, town hall, 4 banks, 2 insurance 
companies, a high school for boys, a female acad- 
emy, and 7 churches — 2 Congregational, 1 Epis- 
copal, 1 Baptist, 2 Methodist, and 1 Unitarian. A 
cove sets up about a mile from the Thames, over 
the mouth of which is a bridge. At the head of 
this cove, the Yantic r. enters it by a singularly 
romantic cataract, affording a fine site for mills 
and manufactories. The \illage around it is 
called Yanticville. In the rocks which form the 
bed of the cataract will often be found circular 
perpendicular holes, 5 or 6 feet deep, evidently 
formed by a stone or stones whirled round within 
them by the force of the water. These holes are 
so regular as to appear like a work of art, and 
are a curiosity. From a high projecting rock, 
which overhangs the foot of these falls, the Mo- 
hegan Indians formerly plunged to de.struction, 
rather than to fall into the hands of the Narra- 
gansetts, who were pursuing them. A mile e. 
of the landing, on the Shetucket, is Greenville, a 
flourishing manufacturing v. Steamboats ply 
between Norwich and New York, and a railroad 
connects it with Worcester, Mass., and thence 
with Boston. There were in Norwich in 1840, 
97 stores, with a capital of $337,000 ; 5 lumber 
yards, with a capital of $32,000 ; hardware pro- 
Jluced to the amount of $50,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 
woollen fac, cap. $35,000 ; 1 cotton fac. 4,000 sp., 
cap. $100,000; 1 tannery, 1 pottery, 2 grist m., 1 
oil m., 2 rope walks, 2 paper fac, 3 printing 
offices, 2 binderies, and 2 weekly newspapers. 
Cap. in manufac. $408,700. 3 acad. 71 students, 
13 sch. 908 scholars. In the t., without the city 
limits, are 14 stores, cap. $36,(X)0; 6 fulling m., 5 
woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. with 4,626 sp., 1 tan- 
nery, 1 pottery, 11 grist m., 2 paper fac. Cap. in 
manufac $453,500. 2 acad. 90 students, 11 sch. 
871 scholars. 

Norwich, p-t., and capital of Chenango co., 
N. Y., 112 w. Albany, 336 W. The surface is 
lully, with a wide valley extendhig through the 
t., from N. to s., through which Chenango r. flows, 
and on which are fertile and highly cultivated 
flats. The elevated parts are adapted to grazing. 
The V. is beautifully situated on the w. bank of 
Chenango r., and contains a court house, jail, 
county clerk's office, hanking house, 4 churches 
— 1 Presbyterian, 1 Bapti.st, 1 Episcopal, and 1 
Methodist — 20 stores and groceries, 2 grist m., 1 



saw m., 1 tannery, 1 oil m., 1 fulling m., 1 leather 
mitten and glove fac., 1 piano-forte fac, 1 coach 
lace fac, 1 furnace and machine shop, 2 printing 
offices, 200 dwellings, and about 1,500 inhabit- 
ants. There are in the t. 20 stores, cap. $68,400 ; 
5 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 4 tanneries, 2 print- 
ing offices, 2 weekly newspapers, and 2 periodi- 
cals, 6 grist m., 20 saw m., 1 oil m. ('ap. in man- 
ufac. $10,750. 3 acad. 82 students, 34 sch. 1,049 
scholars. Pop. 4,145. 

Norwich, v.. Oyster Bay t.. Queens co., N. 
Y. It contains 1 5lcthodist church, 3 stores, 25 
dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. 

Norwich, p-t., McKean co., Pa., 190 n. w. 
Harrisburg, 272 W. The v. is situated on Pota- 
toe creek, and contains a number of dwellings. 
There are in the t. 2 sch. 70 scholars. Pop. 184. 

Norwich, p-v., Union t., Muskingum co., O., 
65 E. Columbus, 328 W. Situated on the national 
road, and contauis 2 churches, 6 stores, various 
mechanic shops, 1 brewery, 1 steam m., 100 
dwellings, and about 600 inhabitants. 

Norwich, t., Franklin co., O. Situated on 
the w. side of Scioto r. It has 3 sch. 52 scholars. 
Pop. 731. 

Norwich, t., Huron co., O., 15 s. Norwalk, 90 
.N. E. Columbus. It has 2 stores, cap. $10,000 ; 1 
fulling m., 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$12,000. 3 sch. 87 scholars. Pop. 676. 

Norwichtovvn, p-v., Norwich t.. New London 
CO., Ct., 37 s. E. Hartford, 355 W. Situated about 

2 ms. N. of the Landing, or Norwich City. It 
contains several streets, not very regularly laid 
out, 2 churches — 1 Congregational, 1 Methodist, 
on a handsome public square — several stores, 
and about 200 dwellings, and several extensive 
manufactories. 

Norwood, p-v., Montgomery co., N. C, 158 
w. s. w. Raleigh, 395 W. 

NoTiPEKAGO, county, Mich. Situated cen- 
trally on the w. side of the penin.sula. It con- 
tains 500 sq. miles, and has sand hills and bluffs 
along the lake. Drained by Notipekago and Sa- 
ble rivers. (It is unorganized.) 

Nottingham, p-t., Rockingham co., N. H., 25 
E. s. E. Concord, 482 W. The surface is uneven 
and broken ; soil, in many parts, fertile. Drained 
by Little and North rivers. Incorporated in 1722. 
Iron ore is found. It has a pleasant v. called 
Nottingham Square. There are in the t. 5 stores, 
cap. $5,000 ; 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 6 saw rn., 1 1 
sell. 467 scholars. Pop. 1,193. 

Nottingham, t., Mercer co., N. J., 17 n. e. 
Mount Holly. The surface is generally level ; 
soil, various, from stiff clay to sandy loam. Wa- 
tered by Assunpink and Crosswick's creeks, and 
their tributaries. It has 28 stores, cap. $107,350 : 

3 lumber yards, cap. $11,000; 3 furnaces, 3 ful- 
ling m., 3 woollen fac, 7 cotton fac 6,500 sp., 5 
tanneries, 4 distilleries, 1 printing office, 1 binde- 
ry, 10 grist m., 7 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in man- 
ufac $596,770. 1 acad. 36 students, 13 sch. 343 
scholars. Pop. 5,109, 

Nottingham, t., Washington co.. Pa., 13 e. 
Washington b. The surface is hilly ; soil, loam. 
Drained by Peter's, Mingo, and Little Mingo 
creeks. Coal is abundant. It contains Williams- 
port V. The t. has 4 stores, cap. $16,000 ; 1 tan- 
nery, 1 distillery, 2 flouring in. Cap. in manufac. 
$8,000. Pop. 983. 

Nottingham, p-v.. Prince George's co., Md., 
32 s. w. Annapolis, 26 W. 

Nottingham, t., Harrison co., O. Pop. 368. 

Nottingham Turnpike, p-o., Nottingham t, 
Rockingham county, N. H., 25 k. s. e. Concord, 
496 W. 

NoTTowAy, r., Va. and N. C, rises in Prince 



OAK 



487 



OAK 



Edward co., Va., and joins the Meherrin r. in 
Gates CO., N. C, to form Chowan r. It is about 
110 ms. long. 

Nottoway, county, Va. Situated centrally to- 
ward the s. E. part of the state, and contains 290 
sq. ms. Drained by tributaries of the Appomat- 
tox r., and by Nottoway r. and its tributaries. 
Capital, Nottoway C. II. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 5,540, sheep 6,827, swine 10,294; 
wheat 42,145 bush, produced, Ind. corn 248,863, 
oats 70,130, potatoes 8,367, tobacco 2,212,950 
pounds, cotton 20,682 ; 7 stores, cap. $55,000 ; 5 
tanneries, 8 flouring m., 17 grist m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $48,748. 10 sch. 195 scholars. Pop. whites 
2,490, slaves 7,071, free col'd 15S ; total, 9,719. 

Nottoway, p-t., St. Joseph co., Mich., 137 w. 
s. w. Detroit, 592 W. It contains 6 stores, 1 
flouring m., 2 saw m. 10 sch. 201 scholars. Pop. 
1,226. 

Nottoway, C. H., p-v., capital of Nottoway 
CO., Va., 67 s. w. Richmond, 186 W. It is situ- 
ated on Nottoway r., and contains a court house, 
jail, clerk's office, 1 store, several mechanic 
shops, 1 flouring m., 15 dwellings, and about 90 
inhabitants. 

Novi, p-t., Oakland co., Mich., 25 n. w. De- 
troit, 547 W. Watered by the w. branch of 
Rouge r. It has 2 stores, cap. $6,100 ; 10 sch. 
255 scholars. Pop. 1,351. 

Noxubee, county, Miss. Situated in the e. 
part of the state, and contains 680 sq. ms. Drain- 
ed by the w. fork of Tombigbee r. and its branch- 
es. Capital, Macon. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 10,075, sheep 1,461, swine 21,140; wheat 
4,072 bush, produced, Indian com 400,750, oats 
15,036, potatoes 11,633, cotton 1,696,345 pounds; 
7 stores, cap. $80,000 ; 1 tannery, 2 flouring m., 
4 grist m., 4 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly 



newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $-<,050. 7 acad. 
170 students, 4 sch. 70 scholars. Pop. whites 
1,817, slaves 6,157, free col'd 1 ; total, 9,975. 

Nubbin Ridge, p-o., Ilardiman co., Tenn., 
179 s. w. by w. Nashville. 

Nulhegan, r., Vt., in the n. e. part of the state, 
enters Connecticut r. in Bloomfield. It is in gen- 
eral a rapid stream. 

Number One, p-o., Aroostook co.. Me., 144 n. 
e. Augusta, 739 W. 

Number Three, p-o., Aroostook co., Me., 154 
.\. E. Augusta, 749 W. 

NuMiDiA, p-o., Columbia co.. Pa. 

NuNDA, t., Alleghany co., N. Y., 20 n. An- 
gelica, 225 w. by s. Albany. The surface ia 
undulating ; soil, a fertile argillaceous loam, 
adapted to grain. Drained by Canaseraga and 
Cashaqua creeks. It has 13 stores, cap. $30,550 ; 
1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 flouring m., 6 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $12,300. 1 acad. 47 students, 
13 sch. 1,064 scholars. Pop. 2,637. 

NuNDA Valley, p-v., Nunda t., Alleghany co., 
N. Y., 253 w. by s. Albany, 352 W. Situated on 
Cashaqua cr., and contains 3 churches — 1 Pres- 
byterian, 1 Baptist, and 1 Universalist — 1 acade- 
my, 10 stores, 1 woollen fac, 1 grist m., 1 ma- 
chine shop, 1 furnace, 1 tannery, about 150 dwell- 
ings, and 1,000 inhabitants. 

Nyack, p-v., Orangetown t., Rockland co., N. 
Y., 128 s. by w. Albany, 262 W. Pleasantly 
situated on the w. side of Hudson r., on Tappan 
sea, an expansion of the r. It contains 3 church- 
es, 5 stores, various mechanic siiops, 100 dwell- 
ings, and about 800 inhabitants. A steamboat 
and several sloops ply between this place and 
New York. 

Nyack Turnpike, p-o., Clarkstown t., Rock- 
land CO., N. Y., 128 s. by w. Albany, 264 W. 



o. 



Oakachikama, p-o., Yallabusha co.. Miss., 126 
N. N. E. Jackson, 945 W. 

Oak Bowery, p-o., Chambers co., Ala., 166 E. 
S. E. Tuscaloosa, 773 VV. 

Oak Corner, p-o., Moore co., N. C. 

Oak Creek, p-o., Milwaukee co.. Wis., 93 e. 
Madison, 795 W. 

Oak Dale, p-v., Shelby co., Mo., 94 n. JefTer- 
son City, 951 W. 

Oakey Hill, p-o., Jackson co., Flor. 

0\K Field, p-o., Genesee co., N. Y., 257 w. 
Albany, 332 W. 

Oak Flat, po., Pendleton co., Va., 161 n. w. 
Richmond, 161 W. 

Oak Forest, p-o., Cumberland co., Va., 57 w. 
Richmond, 1-37 W. 

Oak Forest, p-o., Iredell co., N. C, 152 w. 
Raleigh. 370 W. 

Oakfuskie, p-o., Randolph co., Ala., 152 e. 
Tuscaloosa, 747 W. 

Oak Grove, p-o., Westmoreland co., Va., 82 
n. e. Richmond, 93 W. Situated 1 mile from 
Mattox cr., and contains 1 Methodist church, 5 
stores, and has considerable trade. 

Oak Grove, p-o.. Livingston co., Mich., 57 w. 
N. w. Detroit, 560 W. 

Oak Grove, p-o., Edgecombe co., N. C, 77 e. 
Raleigh, 234 W. 

Oak Grove, p-o., Union dist., S. C, 90 n. w. 
Columbia, 448 W. 

Oak Grove, p-o., Washington par., La., 80 n. 
New Orleans, 1,117 W. 

Oak Grove, p-o., Jefferson co., Tenn., 222 e. 
Nashville, 475 W. 

Oak Grove, p-o., Christian co., Ky.,218 s. w. 
Frankfort, 742 W. 



Oak Grove, p-o., Jackson co., Mo., 128 s. e. 
Jefferson City, 1,054 W. 

Oak Grove, p-o., Montgomery co., la., 55 n. 
w. Indianapolis, 626 W. 

Oak Grove Furnace, p-o.. Perry co., Pa., 25 
n. w. Harrisburg, 113 W. 

Oakham, p-t., Worcester co., Mass., 64 w. Bos- 
ton, 416 W. The surface is uneven; soil, not 
very fertile, excepting on the streams. Watered 
by Five Mile r., a branch of Chickapee r., and 
Ware r. Chartered in 1762, before which it be- 
longed to Rutland. It has 1 store, cap. .$3,000 ; 
1 tannery, 3 grist m., 2 saw m. C^ap. in m.inufac. 
$17,350. 9 sch. 404 scholars. Pop. 1,038. 

Oak Hill, p-o., Cumberland co.. Me., 56 s. w. 
Augusta, 539 W. 

Oak Hill, p-o., Durham t., Greene co., N. Y., 
34 s. w. Albany, 361 W. 

Oak Hill, p-o., Lancaster co.. Pa., 64 s. E. 
Harrisburg, 94 W. 

Oak Hill, p-v., Madi.'on t., Jackson co., O., 
80 s. s. E. Columbus, 391 W. It contains 2 stores 
and 12 or 15 dwellings. 

Oak Hill, p-o., Fauquier co., Va., 119 n. by 
w. Richmond, 62 W. 

Oak Hill, p-o., Granville co., N. C, 71 n. Ra- 
leigh, 256 W. 

Oak Hill, p-o., Newton co., Ga., 7^ n. w. 
Milledgeville, 659 W. 

Oak Hill, p-o., Overton co., Tenn., 104 e. by 
N. Nashville, 616 W. 

Oakland, county, Mich. Situated in the E. 
part of the peninsula, and contains 900 sq. ms. 
Drained by Clinton r. and its branches, and by 
the head branches of Huron, Flint, Rouge, anil 
Shiawassee rivers. The surface is rolling ; soil, 



OAT 



488 



oco 



fertile. Capital, Ponliac. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 20,561, ^heep 19,656, swine 39,213; 
wheat 261,965 bush, prodnced, rye 6,157, Ind 
corn 254,902, buckwheat 23,740, barley 4,514, oats 
238,005, potatoes 329,807, sugar 90,614 pounds ; 
62 stores, capital $166,645; 1 furnace, 6 full- 
ing m., 1 woollen fac, 3 tanneries, 6 distilleries, 
24 flouring m., 14 grist m., 41 saw m., 2 printin 
offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. 
$288,345. 117 sch. 4,800 scholars. Pop. 23,646. 

Oakland, p-v., Hartford co., Ct., 9. w. Hart- 
ford, 345 W. 

Oakland, p-v., Portage t., Alleghany co., N. 
Y., 254 w. by s. Albany, 357 W. Situated on 
Cashaqua cr., and contains 1 Methodist church, 

2 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 tannery, 1 clothier's 
works, 35 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. 

Oakland, p-o., Armstrong co.. Pa. 

Oakland, p-o., Morgan co., Va., 170 n. by w. 
Richmond, 93 W. 

Oakland, p-o., Clinton co., O., 77 s. w. Co- 
lumbus, 450 W. 

Oakland, p-v., Fayette co., Tenn., 195 s. w. 
Nashville, 880 W. 

Oakland, p-o., Coles co., 111., 97 E. s. E. Spring- 
field, 682 W. 

Oakland, p-o., Yallabusha co., Miss., 139 n. 
by E. Jackson, 934 W. 

Oakland, t., Oakland co., Mich., 53 Detroit. 
Watered by Paint cr. and a branch of stony cr. 
It has 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $10,010. 7 sch. 300 scholars. Pop. 
918. 

Oakland, p-o., Pulaski co., Mo. Situated on 
the w. bank of Osage Fork of Gasconade r. 

Oakland College, p-v., Claiborne co.. Miss., 
87 s. w. Jackson, 1,097 W. The college is situ- 
ated near Rodney, 25 n. n. e. Natchez, was 
founded under the patronage of the Presbyte- 
rians in 1831 ; has a president and 5 professors 
or other instructors, about 100 students, including 
a primary department, and 1,522 vols, in its 
libraries. 

Oakland Mills, p-o., Juniata co., Pa., 50 n. 
w. Harrisburg, 144 W. 

Oak Lawn, p-o.. Baker co., Ga., 138 s. s. w. 
Milledgeville, 795 W. 

Oak Level, p-o., Henry co., Va., 196 w. s. w. 
Richmond, 271 W. 

Oakley, p-o., Mecklenburg co., Va., 120 s. w. 
Richmond, 218 W. 

Oakley, p-o., Madison co., Ala., 178 n. n. e. 
Tuscaloosa, 728 W. 

Oak Orchard, p-v., Ridgeway t., Orleans co., 
N. Y., 259 w. by N. Albany, 403 W. 

Oak Point, po., St. Lawrence co., N. Y. 

Oak Ridge, p-o., Guilford co., N. C, 104 w. 
N. w. Raleigh, 289 W. 

Oak Ridge, p-o., Marshall co.. Miss. 

Oak's Corners, p-o., Phelps t., Ontario co., 
N. Y., 181 w. Albany, 346 W. 

Oaksville, p-v., Otsego t., Otsego co., N. Y., 
73 w. Albany, 362 VV. It contains 1 church, 2 
stores, and 1 cotton fac, situated on Oak cr. 

Oakville, p-v., Buckingham co., Va., 102 w. 
Richmond, 188 W. It contains a store and 2 or 

3 dwellings. 

Oakvillk, p-v., Mecklenburg co., N. C, 183 
w. s. w. Raleigh, 420 W. 

Oakville, p-v., Lexington dist., S. C, 13 s. 
w. Columbia, 519 W. 

Oakville, p-v., Lawrence co., Ala., 112 n. 
Tuscaloosa, 759 W. 

Oakville, p-v., London t., Monroe co., Mich. 

Oakville, p-v., St. Louis co.. Mo. 

Oatland Mills, p-o., Loudon co., Va., 148 n. 
Richmond, 41 W. It contains a flouruig m. ca- 



pable of producing 40 barrels of flour daily, a 
plaster m., 2 carding machines, an oil m., a saw 
m., all on Goose cr., a branch of the Potomac. 
A bridge crosses the cr. of 120 feet span. 

Obanionville, p-v., Miami t., Clermont co., 
O., 102 s. w. Columbus, 475 W. 

Oberlin, p-v., Russia t., Lorain co., O., 110 n. 
N. E. Columbus, 379 W. It is the seat of Oberlin 
Collegiate Institute, which embraces a male and 
a female department, both on the manual labor 
system. It was founded in 1832, and has a pre- 
sident and 10 professors or other instructors, and 
about 498 students. It has a theological depart- 
ment. A religious periodical, called the Oberlin 
Evangelist, is published here. 

Obies, r., Tenn., rises in Morgan co., Tenn., 
in Cumberland mountains, and flowing N. and w., 
and receiving Wolf r. from Ky., it enters Cum- 
berland r. in the w. part of Overton co. 

Obion, county, Tenn. Situated in the N. w. 
part of the state, and contains 700 sq. ms. The 
Mississippi r. flows on its w. border. Drained 
by Obion and Reelfoot rivers and their branches. 
Along the Mississippi it is liable to be overflowed. 
Capital, Troy. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
7,569, sheep 1,490, swine 23,409 ; wheat 10,248 
bush, produced, Ind. corn 235,715, oats 14,137, 
potatoes 1.3,577, tobacco 243,120 pounds, cotton 
42,446, sugar 1,897; 8 stores, cap. $13,550; 2 
tanneries, 3 distilleries, 6 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $6,675. 6 acad. 160 students, 10 sch. 
222 scholars. Pop. whites 4,219, slaves 587, fi-ee 
col'dS; total, 4,814. 

OccoauAN, p-v., Prince William co., Va., 96 
N. Richmond, 23 W. 

OcEA.N'A, county, Mich. Situated in the n. w. 
part of the settled portion of the peninsula, and 
contains 730 sq. ms. Drained by Maskegon and 
Rouge rivers. It is unorganized. There were 
in 1840, 1 sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 496. 

Oceola, t., Livingston co., Mich. It has 2 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,000. 8 sch. 151 
scholars. Pop. 504. 

Oceola, p-o.. Perry co., Tenn. 

Oceola, p-o., Crawford co., O., 68 N. Colum- 
bus, 412 W. 

Oceola, p-v., capital of Mississippi co.. Ark., 
130 E. N. E. Little Rock. Situated on the west 
side of the Mississippi r., and contains a court 
house and a few dwellings. 

Oceola Centre, p-v., Livingston co., Mich., 
57 w. N. w. Detroit, 560 W. 

OcHEssE, p-o., Jackson co., Flor. 

OcMULGEE, r., Ga. It constitutes the vv. and 
main branch of Altamaha r., rises in Gwinnett 
and De Kalb counties, and flows in a s. s. E. di- 
rection 200 ms. to its junction with Oconee r. on 
the s. border of 3Iontgomery co., vvhere they to- 
gether form the Altamaha. It is navigable for 
sleamboats to Macon. 

OcMULGEEviLLE, p-v., Telfoir CO., Ga., 148 s. 
Milledgeville, 759 W. Situated 3 ms. s. of Oc- 
mulgee r., and 14 above the junction of the Oco- 
nee and Ocmulgee. 

Oconee, r., Ga., rises n. e. of the Ocmulgee r., 
and flows in a s. s. e. direction until it unites with 
the Ocmulgee, 230 ms. below Milledgeville. 
Steamboats navigate it to Milledgeville. 

Ocracoke Inlet, N. C, is the pass from the 
Atlantic ocean into Pamlico sound. On each 
side of the passage are dangerous shoals, and on 
the bar is 14 feet water, at low tide. 

Ocracoke, p-v., Carteret co., N. C. Situated 
on the s. w. side of the beach at Ocracoke inlet. 
It contains about 20 dwelhngs. 

O'Connellsville, p-o.. Chili t., Monroe co., 
N. Y., 225 w by n. Albany, 378 W. 



OHI 



489 



OHI 



Ofahoma, p-o., Madison co., Miss., 47 N. by e. 
Jackson, 985 W. 

Office Tavpiun, p-o., Amelia co., Va., 41 s. 
w. Richmond, 15S W. It contains 1 Presbyte- 
rian and 1 Methodist church, and a plough fac- 
tory. 

Ogde.v, t., Monroe co., N. Y., 10 w. Rochester, 
227 w. by n. Albany. The surface is generally 
level ; soil, sandy and gravelly loam. Drained 
by branches of Sa'.mon and Rush creeks. Tlie 
Erie canal passes through it, on which are Adams' 
basin, and Spencerport. It has 4 stores, cap. 
$18,800; 1 furnace, 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cop. in 
manufac. $3,000. 14 sch. 892 scholars. Pop. 
2,404. 

Ogden, p-v., Henry co., la., 36 e. by n. In- 
dianapolis, 535 W. 

Ogden, t., Lenawee co., Mich. It has I grist 
m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,500. 2 sch. 
31 scholars. Pop. 286. 

Ogde.\, p-o.. New Madrid co., Mo., 248 s. E. 
Jefferson City, 888 W. 

Ogdensburg, p-v., and port of entry, Oswe- 
gatchie t., St. Lawrence co., N. Y., 210 n. n. w. 
Albany, 477 W. Situated on the e. side of St. 
Lawrence r., at the mouth of Osvvegatchie r. 
Incorporated in 1817, and contains 5 churches — 

1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, 1 Method- 
ist, and 1 Roman Catholic — an academy, 2 banks, 
80 stores and groceries, 2 flouring ni., 1 grist m., 

2 saw m., 1 clothier's works, 1 tannery, 2 iron 
foundries, 1 brewery, 1 distillery, 2 machine 
shops, about 450 dwellings, and 2,526 inhabitants. 
It is at the lower termination of sloop navigation, 
but steamboats go to the rapids, 40 ms. below, 
and thence pass by Ogdensburg to the various 
places on Lake Ontario. A steam-ferry-boat 
crosses from this place to Prescott, in Canada, a 
distance of H m. 

Ogechee, r., Ga., rises 7 ms. n. w. of Greens- 
boro', in Greene co., and after a course of over 
200 ms., flows into Ossabaw sound, 17 ms. s. of 
Savannah. It is navigable for boats of 30 tons to 
Louisville, in Jefferson co., and for sloops, 30 or 
40 ms. from its mouth. 

Ogem.^w, county, Mich. Situated in the .\. e. 
part of the state, and contains 576 square miles. 
Drained principally by Rifle r. It is unorgan- 
ized. 

Ogle, county. 111. Situated in the n. part of 
the state, and contains 625 sq. ms. Drained by 
Rock r. and its branches. Capital, Oregon City. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 3,333, sheep 597, 
swine 10,329; wheat 69,250 bush, produced, Ind. 
corn 106,868, oats 41,850, potatoes 46,130, tobac- 
co 300 pounds, sugar 370 ; 10 stores, cap. $18,000 ; 
2 distilleries, 1 flouring m., 3 grist m., 12 saw m., 
1 acad., 7 sch. 215 scholars. Pop. 3, t97. 

Oglethorpe, county, Ga. Situated toward 
the N. E. part of the state, and contains 490 sq. 
ms. Dramed by branches of Broad r., which 
runs on its n. e. border. Capital, Lexington. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 11,812, sheep 
7,479, swine 27,461; wheat 33,919 bush, pro- 
duced, rye l,18l», Ind. corn 490,516, barley 521, 
oats 66,229, potatoes 19,496, tobacco 1,002 pounds, 
cotton 2,639,655; 19 stores, cap. $78,000; 1 tan- 
nery, 1 distillery, 5 flouring m., 23 grist m.,' 13 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $29,715. 3 acad. 107 



students, 10 sch. 278 scholars. Pop. whites 4,506, 
slaves 6,331, free col'd 31 ; total, 10,868. 

Ogu.nquit, p-o., York co.. Me., 82 s. w. Au- 
gusta, 510 W. 

Ohatchie, p-o., Benton co., Ala., 119 e. n. e. 
Tuscaloosa, 737 W. 

Ohio, a large river of the United States. Tliis 
r., if we take into view its length, the richness and 
populousness, present and prospective, of the vast 
country which it drains, and the extent of its 
navigation, is second only to the Mississippi. It 
is formed by the confluence of the Alleghany 
from the N. and the 3Ionongahela fi-om the s. at 
Pittsburg, in the w. part of Pennsylvania, lat. 40° 
28' N. and Ion. 80° 8' vv., at the height of 1,138 
feet above tidewater in the Atlantic. It pro- 
ceeds in a direction w. s. w., dividing the states 
of Virginia and Kentucky on the s. from Ohio, 
Indiana, and Illinois on the n., and enters the 
Mississippi, in lat. 37° n. and Ion. 88° 58' w. Its 
length from Pittsburg to its mouth, by the course 
of the river, is 948 miles ; but the distance in a 
direct course, is only 614 miles. It has a de- 
scent, in its whole course, of 395 feet, making an 
average descent of not quite 5 inches in a mile. 
The width of the Ohio varies from 400 to 1,400 
yards ; its average width is about 800 yards, 
which is its widtli opposite to Cincinnati. Its 
widest place is at Louisville, Ky. At its mouth, 
it is about 900 yards wide. The great valley 
drained by this river contains over 200,000 sq. 
miles, and a population of over 3,000,000, which 
is rapidly increasing. There are no considerable 
falls in this river excepting at Louisville, Ky., 
where it descends 22i feet in 2 miles. These 
falls have been obviated by a canal around them, 
which admits of the passage of the largest steam- 
boats ; but boats ascend and descend these 
rapids, when the water is high. The current of 
the Ohio is very gentle, being, at the mean height 
of the river, about 3 miles an hour ; at high wa- 
ter it is more, and at low water not more than 2 
miles. The highest water occurs in December, 
March, May, and June ; and the lowest, in Au- 
gust, September, and October. The average dif- 
ference between high and low water is 50 feet. 
During 8 or 10 weeks in the winter, the naviga- 
tion is obstructed by floating ice. Of the 2 con- 
fluents which form the Ohio, the Alleghany is 
the most important, being navigable for boats 260 
miles to Olean, N. Y., and will hereafter, by 
means of the Genesee Valley canal, termina- 
ting at this place, and extending to the Erie canal, 
form an important communication between the 
city of New York and the west. The principal 
tributaries of the Ohio on the n. are the Beaver, 
Muskingum, Scioto, the 2 Miamis, Whitewater, 
and Wabasli ; those on the s. are the Kanawha, 
Sandy, Licking, Kentucky, Green, Cumberland, 
and Tennessee. Some of these are navigable at 
high water to a great extent, by boats and steam- 
boats. The Tennessee is navigable by boats for 
1,000 miles ; the Cumberland is navigable for 
steamboats to Nashville, and for keel-boats 300 
miles further ; the Wabash is navigable for 200 
miles ; Green river 2tX) miles ; Kentucky, 150 ; 
Great Kanawha 64 miles, to the salt works. The 
Ohio, with its tributaries, has 5,000 miles of navi- 
gable waters. 



OHIO. 

Ohio, the northeastern of the Western States, is bounded n. by 3Iichigan and Lake Erie ; e. by 
Pennsylvania and Virginia; s. by the Ohio river, which separates it from Virginia and Kentucky; 
and w. by Indiana. It is between 38° 30' and 42° .n. lat., and between 80° 35' and 84"^ 47' w. Ion., 
and between 3° 31' and 7° 41' w. Ion. from W. It is 210 miles long from n. to s., and 200 miles 

62 



OHI 490 OHI 

broad from E. to w. ; containing 40,000 square miles, or 25,600,000 acres. The population in 1790, 
was 3,000; in 1800, 45,365; in 1810, 230,760; in 1820, 581,434; in 1830, 937,637; in 1840, 
1,519,467 ; being the third in population in the United States. Of these, 775,360 were white males ; 
726,762 do. females ; 8,740 were free colored males ; 8,602 do. females. Employed in agriculture, 
272,579 ; in commerce, 9,201 ; in manufactures and trades, 66,265 ; in mining, 704 ; navigating the 
ocean, 212 ; do. rivers, canals, and lakes, 3,323 ; learned professions, 5,663. 

This state is divided into 79 counties, which, with their population in 1840, and their capitals, 
are as follows: Adams, 13,183, West Union ; Allen, 9,079, Lima ; Ashtabula, 23,724, Jeffer- 
son ; Athens, 19,109, Athens ; Belmont, 30,901, St. Clairsville ; Brown, 22,715, Georgetown ; 
Butler, 28,173, Hamilton; Carroll, 18,108, Carrollton; Champaign, 16,721, Urbanna; Clark, 
16,882, Springfield; Clermont, 23,106, Batavia; Clinton, 15,719, Wilmington; Columbiana, 
40,378, New Lisbon ; Coshocton, 21,590, Coshocton; Crawford, 13,152, Bucyrus ; Cuyahoga, 
26,506, Cleveland; Darke, 13,282, Greenville; Delaware, 22,060, Delaware; Erie, 12,599, 
Sandusky City; Fairfield, 31,924, Lancaster; Fayette, 10,984, Washington; Franklin, 
25,049, Columbus; Gallia, 13,444, Gallipohs ; Geauga, 16,297, Chardon; Greene, 17,528, Xenia; 
Guernsey, 27,748, Cambridge ; Hamilton, 80,145, Cincinnati ; Hancock, 9,986, Findlay ; Har- 
din, 4,598, Kenton ; Harrison, 20,099, Cadiz ; Henry, 2,503, Napoleon ; Highland, 22,269, Hills- 
boro' ; Hocking, 9,741, Logan ; Holmes, 18,088, Millersburg ; Huron, 23,933, Norwalk ; Jack- 
son, 9,744, Jackson; Jefferson, 25,030, Steubenville ; Knox, 29,579, Mount Vernon; Lake, 
13,719, Painesville, Lawrence, 9,738, Burlington; Licking, 35,096, Newark; Logan, 14,015, 
Belle Fontaine ; Lorain, 18,467, El yria ; Lucas, 9,382, Toledo; Madison, 9,025, London; Ma- 
rion, 14,765, Marion ; Medina, 18,352, Medina ; Meigs, 11,452, Chester ; Mercer, 8,277, Celina ; 
Miami, 19,638, Troy ; Monroe, 18,521, Woodfield ; Montgomery, 31,938, Dayton ; Morgan, 
20,852, McConnelsville ; RIuskingum, 38,749, Zanesville; Ottawa, 2,248, Port Clinton ; Pauld- 
ing, 1,034, Charloe ; Perry, 19,344, Somerset ; Pickaway, 19,725, Circleville ; Pike, 7,626, Pike- 
ton; Preble, 19,482, Eaton ; Portage, 22,965, Ravenna ; Putnam, 5,189, Putnam; Richland, 
44,532, Mansfield ; Ross, 27,460, Chilicothe : Sandusky, 10,182, Lower Sandusky ; Scioto, 
11,192, Portsmouth ; Seneca, 18,128, Tiffin; Shelby, 12,154, Sidney; Stark, 34,603, Canton ; 
Summit, 22,560, Akron ; Trumbull, 33,107, Warren ; Tuscarawas, 25,631, New Philadelphia ; 
Union, 8,422, Marysville ; Van Wert, 1,577, Van Wert; Warren, 23,141, Lebanon; Wash- 
ington, 20,823, Marietta ; Wayne, 35,808, Wooster ; Williams, 4,465, Bryan ; Wood, 5,357, 
Perrysburg. 

Columbus, on the Scioto, just below the confluence of the Whetstone, is the seat of govern- 
ment. 

The interior of the state, and the country bordering on Lake Erie, are generally level, and m 
some places marshy. From one quarter to one third of the state, comprehending the eastern and 
southeastern part, bordering on the Ohio river, is generally hilly and broken, but not mountainous. 
There is no elevation which deserves the name of a mountain, in the whole state. The interval 
lands on the Ohio, and several of its tributaries, have great fertility. On both sides of the Scioto, 
and of the Great and Little Miami, are the most extensive bodies of rich and level land in the 
state. On the head waters of the Muskingum and Scioto, and between the Scioto and the two 
Miami rivers are extensive prairies, some of them low and marshy, producing a great quantity of 
coarse grass, from 2 to 5 feet high ; other parts of the prairies are elevated and dry, with a very fer- 
tile soil, though they are sometimes called barrens. The height of land which divides the waters 
which fall into the Ohio from those which fall into Lake Erie, is the most marshy of any in the 
state ; while the land on the margins of the rivers is generally dry. Among the forest trees are 
blackwalnut, oak of various species, hickory, maple of several kinds, beech, birch, poplar, syca- 
more, ash of several kinds, pawpaw, buckeye, cherry, and whitewood, which is extensively used 
as a substitute for pine. Wheat may be regarded as the staple production of the state, but Indian 
corn and other grains are produced in great abundance. Although Ohio has already become so 
populous, it is surprising to the traveller to observe what an amount of forest is yet unsubdued. 

The summers are warm and pretty regular, but subject, at times, to severe drought. The win- 
ters are generally mild, but much less so in the northern than hi the southern part of the state. 
Near Lake Erie, the winters are probably as severe as in the same latitude on the Atlantic. In 
the country for 50 miles south of Lake Erie, there are generally a number of weeks of good sleigh- 
ing in the winter; but in the southern part of the state, the snow is too small in quantity, or of too 
short continuance, to produce good sleighing for any considerable time. In the neighborhood of 
Cincinnati green peas are produced in plenty by the 20th of May. 

In parts of the state near marshes and stagnant waters, fevers and agues, and bilious and 
Other fevers, are prevalent. With this exception, the climate of Ohio may be regarded as healthful 

There were in this state in 1840, 430,527 horses and mules; 1,217,874 neat cattle; 2,028,401 
sheep ; 2,099,746 swine ; poultry, to the value of $551,193. There were produced 16,571,661 bush, 
of wheat; 212,440 of barley ; 14,393, 103 of oats; 814,205 of rye; 633,139 of buckwheat ; 33,668,144 



OHI 491 OHI 

of Indian com; 3,685,315 pounds of wool; 62,195 of hops; 38,950 of wax; 5,805,021 bushels of 
potatoes; 1,022,037 tons of hay ; 9,080 of hemp and flax; 5,942,275 pounds of tobacco; 4,317 of 
silk cocoons ; 6,363,386 of sugar ; the products of the dairy were valued at $1,848,869 ; of the 
orchard at $475,271 ; of lumber $262,821. There were made 11,521 gallons of wine; and 6,809 
tons of pot and pearl ashes. 

Salt springs have been found on Yellow cr., in Jefferson county ; on the waters of Killbuck, in 
Wayne county ; on Muskingum river, near Zanesville ; and at various other places. Bitu- 
minous coal is found in great quantities in the eastern part of the state, particularly near Massilon, 
in Stark county, and in Tallmadge, in Summit county. Tliis coal is delivered to consumers in 
Cle\ eland for 15 cents a bushel. Iron ore is found in various places, particularly near Zanesville, 
and on Bush or., in Adams county. 

The Ohio river, which gives name to the state, washes its entire southern border. This river is 
908 miles long, from Pittsburg to its mouth, by its various windings, though it is only 614 in a 
straight line. Its current is gentle, with no falls excepting at Louisville, Kentucky, where there is 
a descent of 22i feet in two miles, but this lias been obviated by a canal. For about half the year 
it is navigable for steamboats of a large class through its whole course. The Muskingum, the 
largest river which flows entirely in the state, is formed by the junction of the Tuscarawas and 
Walholding rivers, and enters the Ohio at 3Iarietta. It is navigable for boats 100 miles. The 
Scioto, the second river in magnitude flowing entirely within the state, is about 200 miles long, and 
enters the Ohio at Portsmouth. Its largest branch is the Whetstone or Olentangy, which joins it 
immediately above Columbus. It is navigable for boats 130 miles. The Great Miami is a rapid 
river in the western part of the state, 100 ms. long, and enters the Ohio in the s. w. corner of the state. 
The Little Miami has a course of 70 miles, and enters the Ohio 7 miles above Cincinnati. The 
Maumee is 100 miles long, rises in Indiana, runs through the n. w. part of this state, and enters 
Lake Erie at 3Iaumee bay. It is navigable for steamboats to Perrysburg, 18 miles from the lake, 
and above the rapids is boatable for a considerable distance. The Sandusky rises in the nortliern 
part of the state, and, after a course of about 80 miles, it enters Sandusky bay, and thence into 
Lake Erie. The Cuyahoga rises in the n. part of tlie state, and, after a curved course of 60 miles, 
enters Lake Erie at Cleveland. It has a number of falls which furnish valuable mill seats. 
Besides these, Huron, Vermilion, Black, Grand, and Ashtabula rivers fall into Lake Erie. 

Lake Erie borders this state for about 150 miles, and has several harbors, among which the 
largest are made by Maumee and Sandusky bays. Besides these are the harbors of Huron, Cleve- 
land, Fairport, and Ashtabula. 

Cincinnati, on the Ohio, is much the largest and most commercial city of the state. Next in 
rank is Cleveland, on Lake Erie, at the mouth of the Cuyahoga, and the Ohio canal. Besides 
these, Dayton, Columbus, Steubenville, Zanesville, Chilicothe, Lancaster, Newark, Circleville, and 
Massilon are flourishing places, with considerable trade. 

The exports of this state in 1840 amounted to $991,954 ; and the imports to $4,915. Tliere were 
53 commercial and 241 commission houses engaged in foreign trade, with a capital of $5,928,200 ; 
4,605 retail drygoods and other stores, with a capital of $21,282,225 ; 2,891 persons employed in the 
lumber trade, with a capital of $373,268 ; 854 persons engaged in internal transportation, who, 
with 1,061 butchers, packers, &c., employed a capital of $4,617,570. 

The amount of home-made or family manufactures was $1,853,937; there were 130 woollen 
manufactories, and 206 fulling mills, producing goods to the amount of $685,757, employing 935 
persons, and a capital of $537,985 ; 8 cotton manufactories, with 13,754 spindles, employing 246 
persons, producing articles to the amount of $139,378, and employing a capital of .$113,500; 72 fur- 
naces produced 35,236 tons of cost iron, and 19 forges, &c., produced 7,466 tons of bar iron, con- 
suming 104,312 tons of fuel, employing 2,268 persons, and a capital of $1,161,900 ; 434 persons pro- 
duced 3,513,409 bushels of bituminous coal, with a capital of $45,525 ; 14 paper manufactories, 
employing 305 persons, produced articles to the amount of $270,202, with a capital of .$203,200 ; 
31 persons manufactured flax, producing the amount of $11,737, with a capital of $242 ; hats and 
caps were manufactured to the amount of $728,513, and straw bonnets to the amount of §3,028, the 
whole employing 963 persons, and a capital of $369,637 ; 812 tanneries employed 1,790 persons, 
with a capital of $957,333 ; 1,160 other manufactories of leather, as saddleries, &c., produced 
articles to the amount of $1,986,146, with a capital of $917,245 ; 187 persons manufactured tobacco 
to the amount of $212,818, with a capital of .$68,810 ; 99 potteries employed 199 persons, manufac- 
turing to the amount of $89,754, employing a capital of $43,450 ; 858 persons produced machinery 
to the value of $875,731 ; 289 persons produced hardware and cutlery to the amount of $393,300 ; 70 
persons produced 3 cannon, and 2,450 small-arms ; 37 persons manufactured the precious metals to 
the amount of $53,125 ; 539 persons manufactured other metals to the amount of $782,901 ; 70 persons 
produced drugs and paints to the amount of $101,880, with a capital of $126,335 ; 401 persons 
manufactured granite and marble to the amount of $256, 131 ; 1,469 persons produced bricks and 
lime to the araoiuit of $712,697 ; 13 persons, in 2 powder mills, produced 222,500 pounds of powder 



OHI 492 OHI 

with a capital of $18,000 ; 105 persons manufactured 3,603,036 pounds of soap, 2,318,456 pounds of 
tallow candles, 151 pounds of spermaceti and wax candles, employing a capital of $186,780; 390 
distilleries produced 6,329,467 gallons, and 59 breweries produced 1,422,584 gallons, the whole em- 
ploying 798 persons and a capital of $393,119; 21 ropewalks, employing 66 persons, produced 
articles to the amount of $89,750, with a capital of $37,675 ; 11 persons produced musical instru- 
ments to the amount of $8,454, with a capital of $5,000 ; 1,490 persons manufactured carriages and 
wagons to the amount of $701,228, with a capital of $290,540 ; 536 flouring mills produced 
1,311,954 barrels of flour, and with other mills employed 4,661 persons, producmg articles to the 
amount of $8,863,213, with a capital of $4,931,024; vessels were built to the amount of $522,855; 
1,928 persons manufactured furniture to the amount of $761,146, employing a capital of $534,317; 
970 brick or stone houses, and 2,764 wooden houses, employed 6,060 persons, and cost $3,776,823 ; 
159 printing oflices, 41 binderies, 9 daily, 7 semi- weekly, and 107 weekly newspapers, and 20 
periodicals, employed 1,175 persons, and a capital of $446,720. The whole amount of capital em- 
ployed in manufactures was $16,905,257. 

Among the principal literary institutions, the University of Ohio, at Athens, was founded in 
1821 ; the Miami University, at Oxford, was foimded in 1809. These institutions have been endow- 
ed by large grants of lands. The Franklin College, at New Athens, was founded in 1825 ; the West- 
ern Reserve College, at Hudson, was founded in 1826; Kenyon College, at Gambler, (Episcopal,) 
was founded in 1826 ; Granville College, at Granville, (Baptist,) was founded in 1832 ; Marietta Col- 
lege, at Marietta, was founded in 1832 ; the Oberlin Collegiate Institute, at Oberlin, was founded in 
1834 ; Cincinnati College, at Cincinnati, was founded 1819 ; as was also Woodvi'ard College, at the 
same place. Willoughby University, at Willoughby, is a medical institution, wdth a college charter. 
Lane Theological Seminary, at Cincinnati, was founded in 1829. There are also theological depart- 
ments in Kenyon Western Reserve and Granville colleges, and in the Oberlin Institute ; a Lu- 
theran theological school at Columbus ; two medical and one law school at Cincinnati. At all 
these institutions there were in 1840, 1,717 students. There were in the state 73 academies, with 
4,310 students; 5,186 common and primary schools, with 218,609 scholars. There were 35,394 
white persons over 20 years of age who could neither read nor write. 

In 1836 the Presbyterians had 247 ministers ; the Methodists had 200 ministers ; the Baptists 
had 170 ministers ; the Lutherans had 47 ministers ; the Epispopalians had 1 bishop and 25 
ministers ; the German Reformed had 26 ministers. Besides these there are a considerable num- 
ber of Friends and Catholics, and a few others. 

There were in this state, at the commencement of 1840, 37 banks and branches, with an aggre- 
gate capital of $10,507,521, and a circulation of $4,607,127. The state debt, in Sept., 1840, was 
$991,951. There is a state penitentiary at Columbus. 

This state has a number of important works of internal improvement. The Ohio canal extends 
from Cleveland, on Lake Erie, 307 miles, to Portsmouth, on the Oliio. It has a navigable feeder 
of 14 miles to Zanesville ; one of 10 miles to Columbus; and 1 of 9 miles to Lancaster; one to 
Athens of 50 miles ; the Walholding Branch of 23 miles ; the Eastport Branch of 4 miles, and the 
Dresden of 2 miles. This great work was begun in 1825, and was finished in 1832, at a cost of 
$5,000,000. The 3Iiami canal extends from Cincinnati, 178 miles, to Defiance, where it meets the 
Wabash and Erie canal. The cost was $3,750,000. The whole distance to Lake Erie is 265 
miles. The Warren canal, a branch of the above, extends from Middletown, 20 miles, to Lebanon. 
The Sandy and Beaver canal is to extend from the Ohio canal, at Bolivar, 76 miles, to Ohio river, 
at the mouth of Little Beaver creek. Cost estimated at $1,500,000. The Mahoning canal extends 
from the Ohio canal, at Akron, 88 miles, 8 of which are in Pa., to Beaver river, at a cost of 
$764,372. Milan canal extends from Huron, 3 miles, to Milan, to which steamboats now ascend. 
The Mad River and Sandusky City railroad extends from Tiflin, 36 miles, to Sandusky City. 
The Ohio railroad extends from Manhattan, 40 miles, to Sandusky City. 

The governor is elected by the people for 2 years. The senators are chosen biennially, and are 
apportioned according to the number of white male inhabitants over 21 years of age. The num- 
ber can never be less than one third, nor more than one half of the number of the representatives. 
The representatives are apportioned among the counties according to the number of inhabitants 
over 21 ; and there can never be more than 72, nor less than 36. 

The judges of the supreme and other courts are elected by the joint ballot of the legislature, for 
the term of seven years. 

The right of suflTrage is enjoyed by all white male inhabitants, over 21 years of age, who have 
resided in the state one year nest preceding the election, and who have paid or been assessed 
with a state or county tax. 

The first permanent English settlement, in Ohio, was made April 7th, 1788, at Marietta ; and 
the first judicial court was held there in Sept. of the same year, under an act of congress passed in 
1786. The next settlement was that of Symmes's Purchase, 6 miles below Cincinnati, in 1789. 
The next was made by French emigrants, at Gallipolis, in 1791. The next was made on Lake Ene, 



OPIT 



493 



OLD 



at Cleveland and Conneaut, in 17116, by emigrants from New England. In 1799 the first territorial 
legislature met at Cincinnati, and organized the government. Early in 1800 Connecticut relin- 
quished her jurisdiciion over the Western Reserve, and received a title to the land, which she sold 
to constitute her great school fund. In 1802 Ohio formed her state constitution, and was admitted 
to the Union. 



Ohio, county, Va. Situated in the n. w. part 
of the slate, and contains 125 square miles. The 
Ohio r. bounds it on the w., along which it ex- 
tends 36 miles, with a mean width of 12 miles. 
Drained by Wheeling creek and other small 
streams flowing into the Ohio r. The surface is 
hilly and broken ; soil, fertile, particularly the 
alluvial bottoms on the Ohio r. ('apital. Wheel- 
ing. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,252, 
sheep 26,6S9, swine 9,651 ; wheat 124,996 bush, 
produced, rye 2.276, Ind. corn 233,537, buck- 
wheat 1,434, barley 599, oats 145,865, potatoes 
43,086, sugar 3,909; bituminous coal 1,178,000 
bushels; 91 stores, cap. $464,850; 4 furnaces, 1 
forge ; 6 lumber yards, cap. $24,400 ; 2 woollen 
fac., 1 cotton fac. 400 sp., 7 tanneries, 1 distillery, 

3 glass fac, 2 potteries, 12 flouiing ni., 7 grist m., 
11 saw m., 4 paper fac, 3 printing otHces, 3 
weekly, 2 semi-weekly, and 1 periodical news- 
papers. Cap. in manufac. $519,633. 2 acad. 90 
students, 29 schools, 999 scholars. Pop. whites 
12,842, slaves 212, free col'd 3U3 ; total, 13,357. 

Ohio, county, Ky. Centrally situated toward 
the N. w. part of the state, and contains 576 sq. 
ms. Green r. runs on its s. border. Drained by 
Rough cr. and its branches, and Panther creek, 
branches of Green r. Capital, Hartford. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 7,028, sheep 6.511, 
swine 25,092 ; wheat 30,046 bushels produced, 
rye 1,205, Ind. corn 240,015, oats 42,091, potatoes 
6,720, tobacco 954,709 pounds ; 17 stores, cap. 
$70,200 ; 1 cotton fac. 30 sp., 4 tanneries, 3 dis- 
tilleries, 2 flouring m., 7 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $13,630. 1 sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 
whites 5,747, slaves 823, free col'd 22; total, 
6,592. 

Ohio, p-t., Herkimer co., N. Y., 103 n. w. Al- 
bany, 423 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, well 
adapted to grass. Drained by West Canada cr. 
and its branches. It has 1 store, cap. $300 ; 5 
saw rn. Cap. in manufac. $4,100. 6 sch. 231 
.scholars. Pop. 692. 

Ohio, t., Alleghany co.. Pa., 11 n. w . Pitts- 
burg. The surface is hilly ; soil, loam and allu- 
vion. Ohio r. runs on its s. w. border. Drained 
by Great and Little Scwickly creeks, and Jones's 
and Hawser's runs, which flow w. into the Ohio. 
It has 3 stores, cap. $2,300 ; 1 tannery, 4 grist m., 
7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $11,100. 2 acad. 71 
students, 9 sch. 302 scholars. Pop. 1,631. 

Ohio, t., Beaver co., Pa., 10 s. w. Reaver. 
The surface is rolling; soil, loam and rich allu- 
vion. Watered by Little Beaver cr. flowuig into 
Ohio r. at its s. w. angle. It has 4 stores, cap. 
$7,300 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $5,200. 7 sch. 229 scholars. Pop. 
1,273. 

Ohio, t., Clermont co., O. It has 14 stores, 
cap. $18,000; 3 lumber yards, cap. $1,428; 1 
woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 4 grist m., 

4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. §14,610. 6 sch. 
275 scholars. Pop. 2,895. 

Ohio, t., Gallia co., O. The Ohio r. runs on its 
E. and s. border. It has 1 store, cap. $2,000 ; 1 
forge, 1 tannery. Cap. in manufac. $200. Pop. 424. 

Ohio, t., Warwick co., la. It has 3 sch. 100 
scholars. Pop. 690. 

Ohio, t., Boone co., 111. It has 1 sch. 30 schol- 
ars. Pop. 143. 

Ohio City, Brooklyn t., Cuyahoga county, O., 



145 N. N. E. Columbus, 360 W. Situated on Lake 
Erie, at the mouth of the Cuyahoga r., opposite 
to Cleveland. The ground on which it stands is 
uneven, and presents many fine situations, which 
overlook the lake, the city of Cleveland, and sur- 
rounding country. It has an elegant Episcopal, a 
Presbyterian, and other churches, a considerable 
number of fine stores and neat buildings. A 
bridge crosses the Cuyahoga a little above the 
place, and a floating bridge and ferry connect it 
with Cleveland. It contains a large iron foundry, 
and a number of mechanic shops. The harbor, 
at the mouth of the Cuyahoga, it has in common 
with Cleveland. It has 7 stores, cap. $13,500 ; 7 
com'n houses, cap. $2,000; 2 furnaces. Pop. 1,577. 

OiiioPYLE Falls, Pa., is a cataract in the 
Youghiogeny r., at the head of boat navigation, 
where it passes Laurel Hill, 60 ms. above its 
junction with the Monongahela. The river has 
a perpendicular fall of about 20 feet, and a total 
descent of 60 feet in the space of a mile. 

Ohioville, p-v., Ohio t., Beaver co.. Pa., 243 
w. by N. Harrisburg, 269 W. It contains 3 
stores and 30 dwellings. 

Ohls Town, p-o., Trumbull co., O. 

Oil, creek. Pa., enters Alleghany r., 8 miles 
E. Franklin. On its bank, near the boundary 
between Venango and Crawford counties, is a 
spring, on the surface of which floats an oil, 
which has valuable medicinal properties, fi-om 
which the cr. derives its name. 

Oil Creek, p-t., Crawford co.. Pa., 227 n. w. 
by w. Harrisburg, 308 W. Drained by Oil cr. 
and its branches. It has 6 stores, 6 sch. 80 
scholars. Pop. 738. 

Oil Spuing, p-o., Cuba t., Alleghany co., 
N. Y., 280 w. by s. Albany, 320 W. 

Okkuddo, county, Mich. Situated centrally 
in the n. part of the state, and contains 576 sq. 
ms. Drained by head waters of Au Sable and 
Cheboygan rivers. It is unorganized. 

Oktibbeh.\, county. Miss. Situated n. e. of 
the centre of the state, and contains 625 sq. ms. 
Oktibbeha r. crosses its n. e. corner, and Runa- 
way cr. its s. w. corner. Capital, Starksville. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 8,447, sheep 764, 
swine 10,042 ; wheat 2,475 bu.sh. produced, Ind. 
corn 158,990, oats 16,061, potatoes 10,898, tobacco 
1,900 pounds, cotton 1,831,444; 4 stares, cap. 
$36,200; 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$24,000. 13 sch. 247 scholars. Pop. whites 
2,064, slaves 2,197, free col'd 15; total, 4,276. 

Ol.\ntangy, p-o., Crawford co., O., 68 n. Co- 
lumbus, 400 W. 

Olcott, p-v.. New Fane t., Niagara co., N. 
Y., 284 w. by N. Albany 414 W. Situated on 
Lake Ontario, at the mouth of Eighteen Mile cr., 
and contains 6 stores, 1 forwarding house, and 
about 60 dwelhngs and 400 inhabitants. It has 
a good harbor. Large salmon trout are taken in 
great numbers near this place. 

Old Bridge, p-v., North Berwick t., Middle- 
sex CO., N. J., 34 .\. E. Trenton, 200 W. It con- 
tains 6 or 8 dwellings. 

Old Church, p-o., Hanover co., Va., 15 n. 
Richmond, 129 W. 

Old Church, p-o., Burke co., Ga., 90 e. Mil- 
ledgeville, 612 W. 

Old Court House, p-o., Bryan co., Ga., 125 
s. E. Milledgeville, 679 W. 



OLD 



494 



OME 



Old Codorus, t., York co., Pa., 10 s. w. York. 
The surface is rolling; soil, gravelly and indif- 
ferent. Drained by Codorus cr. and its branches. 
It has 4 stores, cap. $13,000; 1 tannery, 28 dis- 
tilleries, 5 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
§26,625 3 sell. 97 scholars. Pop. 1,131. 

Old Fort, p-o.. Centre co., Pa., 77 n. w. Har- 
risburg, 16'J W. 

Old Fort, p o., Burke co., N. C.,232 w. Ra- 
leigh, 462 W. 

Oldii.\m, county, Ky. Situated in the n. part 
of the state, and contains 220 sq. ms. The Ohio 
r. runs on its n. w. border. Drained by the head 
branches of Floyd's Fork of Salt r., Harrod's cr., 
and other small creeks which flow into the Ohio 
r. Capital, La Grange. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 5,803, sheep 9,762, swine 19,144; 
wheat 87,846 bush, produced, rye 2,967, Ind. corn 
419,927,oats 72,76 1, potatoes 8, 163, tobacco 162,078 
pounds, sugar 2,191; 14 stores, cap. ^54,900; 2 
tanneries, 16 distilleries, 1 pottery, 3 Houring m., 
11 grist m., 13 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5 1,165. 
1 acad. 20 students, 14 sch. 320 scholars. Pop. 
whites 4,858, slaves 2,377. free col'd 145 ; total, 
7,380. 

Old Hickory, p-o., Bradford co., Pa., 163 n. 
Harrisburg, 272 W. 

Old Hickory, p-o., Wayne co., O., 104 n. e. 
Columbus, 347 W. 

Old Jefferson, p-v.. Saline co., Mo., 83 n. w. 
Jefferson City, 988 W. 

Old Mans, v., Brookhaven t., Suffolk co., N. 
Y. Situated around the head of Old Man's har- 
bor, and contains about 20 dwellings. 

Old Mines, p-v., Wasliington co.. Mo., 112 s. 
E. Jefferson City, 872 W. 

Old Point Co.mfort, p-o., Elizabeth City co., 
Va., 97 E. s. E. Richmond, 212 W. It is called 
also P'ortress Monroe, and constitutes the n. point 
at the entrance of James r., 3 ms. distant from 
Willoughby point, the s. entrance. The fort is 
on the point, a mile from Fort Calhoun, on the 
Rip Raps, which 2 forts command the entrance 
of the r. The beach is much resorted to in the 
.summer for sea-bathing, and has a commodious 
hotel near the fort. 

Old Salem, p-o., Washington co., Tenn., 276 
E. Nashville, 473 W. Situated on Little Lime- 
stone cr., 11 ms. s. w. Jonesboro'. 

Old Town, p-t., Penobscot co., 3Ie., 80 n. e. 
Augusta, 675 W. Situated on the w. side of Pe- 
nobscot r., and contains a part of Marthas island, 
in the r. This t. contains a settlement of the 
Penobscot Indians, on an island situated in the 
Penobscot r., commonly called Indian Old Town. 
The remnant of this tribe consists of about 95 
families and 360 individuals. They receive a 
considerable annuity from the state, for lands 
which they have sold. They have a small Ro- 
man Catholic church, and a considerable number 
of small dwellhigs for themselves. The island 
is fertile, and they cultivate corn and vegetables. 
Many shad are taken here in the spring of the 
year. There are in the t. 11 stores, cap. $25,850 ; 
1 tannery, 1 grist m., 35 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $351,000. 8 sch. 629 scholars. Pop. 2,342. 

Old Town, p-v., Alleghany co., Md., 191 N. 
w. Annapolis, 124 W. Situated on the Potomac 
r., 14 ms. below Cumberland. 

Old Town, p-v., Stokes co., N. C, 115 vv. N. 
w. Raleigh, 326 W. 

Old Town, p-v., Philip's co., Ark. Situated 
w. of the Mississippi r. There are many curious 
remains in the vicinity. 

Old Town, p-v., Claiborne co., Tenn., 224 e. 
by N. Nashville, 496 W. 

Old Town, p-o., Greenup co., Ky., 137 e. by 



N. Frankfort, 431 W. Situated on Old Town cr. 
at its entrance into Little Sandy r. 

Olea.n, p-t., Cattaraugus co., N. Y., 293 w. by 
s. Albany, 307 W. The surface is hilly and 
broken ; soil, sandy loam, generally covered with 
a dense pine forest. Watered by Alleghany r. 
and its tributaries. The v. is situated on the n. 
side of Alleghany r., at the termination of the 
Genesee Valley canal. It contains 1 Presby- 
terian and 1 Episcopal church, 8 stores, 1 grist 
m., 3 saw m., 1 tannery, about 100 dwellings, and 
600 inhabitants. Lumber is exported to a large 
amount down Alleghany r. to the Ohio. There 
are in the t. 5 stores, cap. $23,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 
grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in nianu|ac. $4,550. 2 
sch. 100 scholars. Pop. 638. 

Oleander, p-o., Morgan co., Ala., 128 n. n. e., 
Tuscaloosa, 719 W. 

Olemon, p-v., Greenbush t., Penobscot co., 
Me., 98 N. E. Augusta, 693 W. Situated on the 
Olemon r., at its entrance into the Penobscot r. 

Olena, p-o., Warren co.. 111., 112 n. w. Spring- 
field, 853 W. 

Oley, p-t., Berks co.. Pa., 62 e. Harrisburg, 
155 W. The surface is level ; soil, calcareous 
loam, highly cultivated. Watered by the head 
branches of Manatawny and Manookisy creeks. 
It contains 2 churciies — 1 German Presbyterian 
and 1 Lutheran; 5 stores, cap. $16,500; 2 fur- 
naces, 3 forges, 2 tanneries, 2 paper m., 6 grist 
m., 8 saw m., 2 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $13,500. 
Pop. 1,877. 

Olive, p-t., Ulster co., N. Y., 72 s. s. w. Alba- 
ny, 326 W. The surface is generally uneven, 
and on the w. mountainous ; soil, gravel and clay 
loam. Drained by Esopus cr. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $7,000 ; 1 woollen fac, 3 tanneries, 2 grist 
m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $21,050 ; 9 sch. 
305 scholars. Pop. 2,023. 

Olive, p-t, Morgan co., O., 96 e. by s. Colum- 
bus, 310 W. It contains the v. of Sharon. There 
are in the t. 4 stores, cap. $5,600 ; 4 tanneries, 1 
distillery, 1 pottery, 1 grist m., 4 saw m., 1 oil m. 
Cap. in manufac. $2,960. 8 sch. 247 scholars. 
Pop. 1,652. 

Olive, p-o., McMinn co., Tenn., 159 e. s. e. 
Nashville, 566 W. 

Olive, t., Meigs co., O. Watered by Shade 
r. and its branches. It has 3 stores, cap. $4,400 ; 
1 tannery, 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,000. 
7 sch. 141 scholars. Pop. 743. 

Olive Grove, p-o., Decatur co., Ga., 241 s. s. 
w. iMilledgeville, 888 W. 

Olive Hill, p-o., Carter co., Ky., 116 e. Frank- 
fort, 444 W. 

Oliver, t., Mifflin co.. Pa. It has 3 stores, 
cap. $9,000 ; 1 woollen fac, 1 furnace, 1 forge, 3 
grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $21,420. 
10 sch. 323 scholars. Pop. 1,907. 

Oliver, t.. Perry co.. Pa. It has 5 stores, cap. 
$18,500 ; 1 woollen fac, 1 furnace, 1 tannery, 3 
grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $19,750. 
Pop. 796. 

Oliver's, p-o., Anderson co., Tenn., 162 e. 
Nashville, 527 W. 

Oliversburg, p-v., Milton t., Richland co.,0., 
73 n. by E. Columbus, 374 W. Situated on the 
E. side of Whetstone r. It has 2 stores, 1 grist 
m., and about 20 dwellings. 

Oliver's Prairie, p-o., Newton co., Mo. 

Olmstead, t., Cuyahoga co., O. It was former- 
ly called Lenox. It has 3 tanneries, 2 grist m., 
9 saw m. Cap in manufac. $500. 6 sch. 355 
scholars. Pop. 659. 

Olney, p-v., capital of Richland co., 111. Sit- 
uated on the E. side of Little Wabash r. 

Omer, p-v., Viileaova t., Jefferson co., N. Y., 



ONE 



495 



ONO 



187 N. w. Albany, 437 W. Situated on the w. 
branch of Connewango cr., and contains 2 
churches, 2 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw ni., 1 fulling 
m., about 25 dwellings, and 150 inhabitants. 

Omega, p-c, Pike cc, O., 64 s. Columbus, 411 
W. 

Ompompanoosuc, r., Vt., rises in the n. w. part 
of Vershire t., and enters Connecticut r. in the 
N. E. part of Norwich. It is about 20 ms. long, 
and affords good water power. 

O.NANCOCK, p-v., Accomac co., Va., 185 e. by 
N. Richmond, 205 W. Situated on the e. shore 
of Chesapeake bay, at the entrance of Onancock 
inlet, 8 s. w. by w. Drummondtov\ai. 

Onecho, p-o., Montgomery co., Tenn., 30 n. 
w. NashvUle, 714 W. 

Oneco, p-o., Stephenson co.. 111., 222 n. Spring- 
field, 842 W. 

Oneida Lake, N. Y., borders on Oneida, Mad- 
ison, Onondaga, and Oswego counties. It is 22 
ms. long and from 4 to 6 broad. It receives 
Wood, Oneida, Chittenango creeks, and other 
small streams. It abounds with fine fish. Its 
outlet flows into Oswego r. 

Oneida, cr., N. Y., rises in Madison co., and 
flows into Oneida lake. It is navigable 3 ms., to 
C^neida Castle v. It affords good water power, 
and is employed as a feeder to the Erie canal. 

Oneida, county, N. Y. Situated n. e. of the 
centre of the state, and contains 1,101 sq. ms. 
The surface is diversified by gentle hills and 
well cultivated valleys ; soil, very productive, 
adapted to grain. Drained by black and j>Iohawk 
rivers, and their tributaries, and by Oriskany, 
Sadaquada, Fish, Wood, and Oneida creeks. It 
contains potters' clay, iron ore, gypsum, water 
limestone, peat, and marl. Tlie Erie canal, with 
the Chenango canal, and the line of western 
railroads, pass through it. Capitals, Utica, Rome, 
and Whitesboro'. There were in 1840, neat cat- 
tle 92,669, sheep 177,070, swine 66,543 ; wheat 
23S,159 bush, produced, rye 6,064, Iiid. corn 
364,075, buckwheat 30,210, barley 93,331, oats 
657,952, potatoes 1,574,109, hops 3S,724 pounds, 
sugar 286,502 ; 2 commercial and 3 commission 
houses, cap. $58,000 ; 3S2 stores, cap. $2,634,575 ; 
5 lumber yards, cap. $55,400 ; 14 furnaces, 1 
forge, 40 fulling m., 23 woollen fac, 13 cotton 
fac. 37,316 sp., 2 dyeing and printing establish- 
ments, 61 tanneries, 2 rope fac, 11 distilleries, 4 
breweries, 3 glass fac, 2 potteries, 5 flouring m., 
57 grist m., 243 saw m., 2 oil m., 6 paper fac, 9 
printing offices, 9 weekly newspapers. Cap. in 
manufac. $2,829,376. 2 colleges, 190 students, 
24 acad. 2,035 students, 441 sen. 20,166 scholars. 
Pop. 85,310. 

Oneida, p-t., Eaton co., Mich., 130 w. by n. 
Detroit, 600 W. It has 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $3,000. Pop. 265. 

Oneida Castle, p-v., Vernon t., Oneida co., 
N. Y., 113 w. N. w. Albany, 366 W. Situated 
on both sides of Oneida cr. Incorporated in 
1841. It contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Baptist 
church, 2 stores, about 60 dwellings, and 400 in- 
habitants. 

Oneida Depot, p-o., Verona t., Madison co., 
N. Y. Situated on the Syracuse and Utica rail- 
road, and contains a few dwellings. 

Oneida Lake, p-o., Lenox t., Madison co., N. 
Y., 123 w. n. w. Albany, 372 W. 

Oneida r., N. Y., forms the outlet of Oneida 
lake. After running w. in a circuitous course, it 
unites with Seneca r. to form Oswego r. 

Oneonta, p-t., Otsego co., N. Y., 20 s. Coop- 
erstown, 79 w. Albany, 349 W. The surface is 
somewhat broken, with fertile flats along the 
streams. Watered by Susquehanna r. and its 



branches, Charlotte r, and Otego cr. The v. is 
situated on Susquehanna r., and contains 3 
churches, 10 stores, 1 woollen fac, 1 iron foundry, 
1 tannery, 1 gi'ist ra., 1 saw m., 1 distillery, 90 
dwellings, and about 500 inhabitants. There are 
in the t. 8 stores, cap. $20,000 ; 2 furnaces, 1 
fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 printing office, 1 weekly 
newspaper, 2 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $23,790. 1 acad. 35 students, 13 sch. 555 
scholars. Pop. 1,936. 

Onion, r. Vt., rises by several small streams 
in Cabot, and flows s. and s. w. to Montpelier, 
where it receives a large branch, and thence flows 
northwesterly, until it enters Lake Champlain, 
5 ms. N. of Burlington v. From 3Iontpelier, it 
passes the Green mountain range, which towers 
precipitously on each side, with barely sufficient 
space on its margin at some places for tlie road 
which forms the only easy passage through these 
mountains. This r. has falls, which afford good 
water power. The narrow valley through which 
this r. passes, subjects it, at times, to great and 
sudden rises. 

Ono, p-o., Edgar co.. 111., 120 e. Springfield, 
671 W. 

Onondaga Lake, N. Y., situated in the n. 
part of Onondaga co., is 8 ms. long, and from 2 
to 4 broad, and is famous for the salt springs 
which are found on its borders, though its own 
waters are fresh. 

Onond.^ga, county, N. Y. Centrally situated 
toward the n. part of the state, and contains 711 
sq. ms. The surface is level on the n., and 
moderately hilly s. The soil is a fertile calcare- 
ous loam. It contains Oneida, Skeneatles and 
Otisco lakes, and has Oneida lake on its n. e. 
border. Drained by Oneida and Seneca rivers, 
which unite and ibrm Oswego r. The brine 
springs of this co. are owned by the state, and 
yield a large revenue. In the villages of Sa- 
lina, Syracuse, Liverpool and Geddes, which are 
near together, there were produced in 1840, 
2,622,335 bushels of salt, yielding a revenue to 
the state of $162,404. The Erie canal passes 
through the co., and the Oswego canal extends 
from Syracuse to Lake Ontario. The great 
western railroad also passes through it. Capital, 
Salina. There were in 1840, neat cattle 46,020, 
sheep 159,650, swine 61,733; wheat 655,799 
bush, produced, rye 3,593, Ind. corn 401,303, 
buckwheat 14,420, barley 331,615, oats 533,762, 
potatoes 800,317, sugar 178,521) pounds ; 264 
stores, cap. S1,0S2,300; 5 lumber yards, cap. 
$19,700; 2,864,634 bush, of domestic salt; 1 fur- 
nace, 23 fulling m., 10 woollen fee, 3 cotton fac. 
3,792 sp., 43 tanneries, 7 distilleries, 1 brewery, 23 
flouring m., 29 grist m., 1 14 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 paper 
fac, 6 printing office.s, 1 periodical, 1 daily, 5 
weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. ,$1,402,305. 
12 acad. l,53:i students, 333 sch. 17,870 scholars. 
Pop. 67,911. 

Onondaga, p-t., Onondaga co., N. Y., 5 s. 
Syracuse, 133 w. by n. Albany, 346 W. The 
surface is hilly ; soil, a fertile clay loam. Drain- 
ed by Onondaga cr. The v. contains 1 Presby- 
terian and 1 Episcopal church, 2 stores, 50 
dwellings, and about 300 inhabitants. The situ- 
ation is elevated, commanding a fine prospect. 
There are in the t. 1 acad. 224 students, 35 sch. 
1,748 scholars. Pop. 5,653. 

Onondaga, p-o., Ingham co., Mich., 96 w. by 
N. Detroit, 582 W. 

Onondaga, p-o., Marshall co., la., 122 n. Indi- 
anapolis, 641 W. 

Onondaga Hollow, p-v., Onondaga t., Onon- 
daga CO., N. Y., 4 s. Syracuse, 131 w. by n. 
Albany, 344 W. It contains 1 Presbyterian and 



ONT 



496 



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1 Methodist church, an academy, 3 stores, 1 
flouring m., 1 plaster m., 100 dwellings, and about 
800 inhabitants. Three ins. s. are the remains 
of the tribe of Onondaga Indians, amounting to 
the number of 350 persons. 

Onslow Bay, N. C, a name given to a por- 
tion of the Atlantic, between Cape Fear and 
Cape Looliout, where the shore has a considera- 
ble curve inward, along which, at a distance from 
it of from 1 to 2 ms., stretches a chain of nar- 
row, long and low islands, with shallow inlets 
between them. 

Onslow, county, N. C. Situated in the s. e. 
part of the state, and contains 720 sq. ms. The 
surface is low and level. Drained by New r. 
and its branches. Capital, Onslow C. H. There 
•were in 1840, neat cattle 9,003, sheep 5,161, 
swine 23,128; wheat 2,117 bush, produced, rye 
1,556, Ind. corn 22S,759, oats 8,126, potatoes 
74,924, rice 4,411 pounds, cotton 218,104 ; 4 stores, 
cap. $35,000 ; 3 llouring m., 18 grist m., 10 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $13,825. 3 sch. 71 schol- 
ars. Pop. whites 4,675, slaves 2,739, free col'd 
113; total, 7,.527. 

Onslow, C. H., p-v., capital of Onslow co., N. 
C, 145 s. E. Raleigh, 37^ W. Situated on the E. 
side of New r. It contains a court house and a 
few dwellings. 

Ontario Lake, N. Y. The easternmost of the 
great chain of lakes of North America. It re- 
ceives the waters of the upper lakes through 
Niagara r., and discharges its waters through 
the St. Lawrence r. into the Atlantic, which is 
nearly 1,000 ms. distant from it. It is about 190 
ms. long, 55 wide, and 480 ms. in circumference. 
The middle of it forms the boundary between 
the United States and Canada. It is navigable 
throughout its whole extent for vessels of the 
largest class, and is in some places more than 
600 feet deep. The surface is 334 feet lower 
than Lake Erie, with which it is connected by 
the Welland canal in Canada, and the Niagara 
r. Many vessels and steamboats are employed 
upon it, and so great is its depth that it rarely 
freezes in the winter, excepting in shallow places 
near the shore. It has several important places 
on its shores, as Kingston, Toronto, Niagara and 
Coburg, in Canada ; and Oswego, Sackett's Har- 
bor, and Port Genesee or Charlotte, in the United 
States. The Oswego and Erie canals, and Hud- 
son r., connect it with the Atlantic. Much of 
the trade of New York with the west passes 
through it, by the Oswego and Welland canals. 

Ontario, county, N. Y. Situated centrally 
in the w. part of the state, and contains 617 sq. 
ms. The surface is various ; the soil is generally 
a fertile loam. It has Canandaigua lake in the 
centre, Seneca lake on the e., and Candia, 
Honeoye, and Hemlock lakes on the w. The 
outlet of Canandaigua lake flows into Seneca r. 
The lakes further w. discharge their waters into 
Genesee r. Iron ore, gypsum, and marl, are 
found abundantly. It contains a spring, which 
emits carburetted hydrogen, or inflammable gas, 
and some sulphur springs. The Erie canal 
touches its n. border, and the Auburn and Ro- 
chester railroad passes through it. Capital, Can- 
andaigua. There were in 1840, neat cattle 34,300, 
sheep 172,190, swine 46,837 ; wheat 770,235 bush, 
produced, rye 6,162, Indian corn 246,018, buck- 
wheat 16,961, barley 117,060, oats 462,266, pota- 
toes 395,844, sugar 183,273 pounds ; 136 stores, 
cap. $535,500; 5 lumber yards, cap. $5,300; 27 
fulling m., 10 woollen fac, 20 tanneries, 14 distil- 
leries, 3 breweries, 3 potteries, 23 flouring m., 35 
grist m., 92 saw m., 1 oil m., 1 paper fac, 6 print- 
ing oflSces, 3 binderies, 4 weekly newspapers. 



Cap. in manufac. $1,043,535. 1 college, 146 stu- 
dents, 18 acad. 1,372 students, 242 sch. 12,427 
scholars. Pop. 43,500. 

Ontario, p-t , Wayne co., N. Y., 22 w. Lyons, 
205 w. by N. Albany, 362 W. The surface is 
level ; soil, gravelly and sandy loam. Drained 
by small streams flowing into Lake Ontario, 
which bounds it on the n. It has 1 store, cap. 
$2,000; 1 furnace, 1 forge, 1 grist m., 11 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $12,600. 10 sch. 423 scholars. 
Pop. 1,889. 

Ontario, p-o., Richland co., O., 60 n. by e. 
Columbus, 385 W. 

Ontwa, t., Cass CO., Mich. It has 6 stores, 
cap. $37,000 ; 1 flouring m., 2 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $3,857. 1 sch. 63 scholars. Pop. 543. 

Onward, p-o., Stewart co., Tenn., 88 w. n. w. 
Na.shvil!e, 769 W. 

Oostenaula, r., Tenn. and Ga., rises in Ten- 
nessee, and, flowing s., it unites with the Etowah 
r. to form the Coosa r. It is the northernmost 
stream e. of the Mississippi which flows into the 
Gulf of Mexico. 

Oostenaula, p-o., Hamilton co., Tenn., 140 s. 
E. Nashville, 596 W. 

Opellikau, p-o., Russell co., Ala., 171 e. s. e. 
Tuscaloosa, 784 W. 

Opelousas, p-v., capital of St. Landry par., 
La., 217 w. N. w. New Orleans, 1,242 W. Situ- 
ated on a branch of Teche r. It is surrounded 
by a level and pleasant country. It contains 
Franklin College, founded in 1839. It has a 
president, 3 professors, or other instructors, and 
70 students. The commencement is on the 1st 
of November. It contains a court house, a U. S. 
land office, 3 stores, and about 500 inhabitants. 

OpoRTA, p-o., St. Joseph CO., Mich., 135 w. s. 
w. Detroit, 583 W. 

Oppenheim, p-t., Fulton co., N. Y., 64 n. \v. 
Albany, 402 W. The surface is partly hilly; 
soil, various. East Canada cr. bounds it on the 
w. Drained by several streams, which flow into 
Mohawk r. It has 1 store, cap. $1,300; 3 tan- 
neries, 17 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac 
$16,100; 13 sch. 601 scholars. Pop. 2,169. 

OauAwiiA, p-v., capital of Henderson co.. 111., 
133 N. w. Springfield, 868 W. Situated on the 
E. bank of the Mississippi r., and contains a few 
stores and dwellings. 

Oran, p-v., Pompey t., Onondaga co., N. Y., 119 
w. by N. Albany, 348 W. It contains 1 church, 
1 store, 20 dwellings, and about 125 inhabitants. 

Orange, county, Vt. Situated in the e. part 
of the state, and contains 650 sq. ms. Organized 
in 1781. The n. w. part is mountainous, lying 
on the E. range of the Green mountains. The 
rocks in the n. and central part are chiefly gran- 
ite. A range of argillaceous slate extends through 
the w. part. Large quantities of sulphuret of 
iron are found in Strafford, and some lead ore 
in Thetford. Connecticut r. bounds it on the e. 
Drained by Ompompanoosuc and Wait's rivers, 
and by branches of White r. Capital, Chelsea. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 36,853, sheep 
156,053, swine 22,516 ; wheat 69,565 bush, pro- 
duced, rye 11,933, Indian corn 120,543, buck- 
wheat 30,144, barley 5,265, oats 245,878, potatoes 
1,055,379, sugar 420,639 pounds; 60 stores, cap. 
$208,200 ; 22 fulling m., 5 woollen fac, 26 tan- 
neries, 33 grist m., 109 saw m., 2 oil m., 2 paper 
fac, 1 printing oflfice. Cap. in manufac. $294,360. 
6 acad. 994 students, 267 schools 9,622 scholars. 
Pop. 27,873. 

Orange, county, N. Y. Situated in the s. e. 
part of the state, and contains 760 sq. miles. A 
part of it is mountainous, having Shawangunk 
mountains in the w. part, and the Highlands in 



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497 



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the s. E. The remainder consists of gentle hills, 
and pleasant and fertile valleys. The soil is 
productive, and particularly adapted to grazing. 
It is celebrated for its fine dairies, and Orange 
county butter is universally known and highly 
valued in the New York market. Drained by 
Delaware r. and its tributaries in the w., Wall- 
kill in the centre, and Hudson r. bounds it on the 
E. The Delaware and Hud.son canal crosses its 
\v. part, and the New York and Erie railroad is 
finished and in operation, 45 ms., from Picrmonl, 
on Hudson r., to Goshen. Capitals, Goshen and 
Newburgh. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
54,799, sheep 50,218, swine 47,0^.4 ; wheat 94,774 
bushels produced, rye 326,6RS, Ind. com 410,194. 
buckwheat 112,883, barley 1,879, oats 417,70]; 
potatoes 359,563, hops 1,845 pounds ; value of the 
products of the dairy, $609,866; 471 stores, cap. 
$1,191,295; 21 lumber yards, cap. ,$85,000; 3 
furnaces, 14 fulling m., 13 woollen fac, 2 cotton 
fac. 3.520 sp., 28 tanneries, 41 distilleries, 1 brew- 
ery, 3 potteries, 4 flouring m., 58 grist m., 100 
saw m., 4 paper fac, 6 printing offices, 1 bindery, 
2 periodicals, 5 weekly newspapers. Cap. in 
manufac. $1,515,415. 21 acarl. 1,409 students, 
170 sch. 8,727 .scholars. Pop. 50,739. 

Or.\nge. county, Va. Situated in the central 
part of the state, and contains 380 square miles. 
Rapidan r. runs on its n. border. Drained by 
branches of North Anna and Rivanna rivers. 
The surface is hilly; soil, fertile. Capital, Or- 
ange C. H. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
7,399, sheep 10,703, swine 15,026; wheat 97,747 
bush, produced, rye 8,420, Indian corn 394,784, 
buckwheat 114, oats 91,671, potatoes 20,897, to- 
bacco 416,335 pounds, cotton 2,061 ; 15 stores, 
cap. $95,3(X) ; 8 smelting houses, producing gold 
to the amount of $81,000 ; 7 tanneries, 6 flouring 
m., 24 grist m., 20 saw m. Cap. in manufactures 
$115,600. 5 acad. 41 students, 26 sch. 347 schol- 
ar^. Pop. whites 3,575, slaves 5,364, free col'd 
186; total, 9,125. 

Or.\nge, county, N. C. Centrally situated 
toward the n. part of the state, and contains 1,300 
sq. ms. Drained by branches of Neuse and Haw 
rivers. Capital, Ilillsboro'. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 9,507, sheep 46,3tO, swine 2S,131 ; 
wheat 87,579 bush, produced, rye 2,643, Indian 
corn 388,426, oats 81,613, potatoes 14,847, tobac- 
co 262,882 pounds, cotton 253,437; 12 stores, cap. 
$72,000; 3 cotton fac. 2,360 sp., 11 tanneries, 11 
distilleries, 1 pottery, IS flouring m., 27 grist m., 
25 saw m., 3 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $102,830. 
5 acad. 209 students, 7 sch. 157 scholars. Pop. 
whites 16,771, slaves 6,954, free col'd 613 ; total, 
24,356. 

Orange, county, la. Centrally situated to- 
ward the s. part of the state, and contains '400 sq. 
ms. Drained by Lost r., and Lick and Patoka 
creeks, wliii'li afford good water power. The 
surface is hilly and broken. The macadamized 
road from New Albany to Vincennes is located 
through the co. Capital, Paoli. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 7,508, sheep 15.678, swine 
22,230; wheat 140,864 bush, produced, rye 1,991, 
Ind. corn 529,927, oats 149,796, tobacco 268,527 
pounds, sugar 2'i,968 ; 27 stores, cap. $3^,925 ; 5 
tanneries, 4 di-stilleries, 3 potteries, 14 grist m., 5 
saw m., 2 oil m., 1 printing office, 1 periodical, 1 
weekly newspaper. Cap. in manulac. $51,032. 
40 sch. 974 scholars. Pop. 9,602. 

Orange, p-t.. Orange co., Vt., 14 s. e. Montpe- 
lier, 5-7 W. The soil i.s cold and wet, but adapted 
to grazing ; the surface is uneven. The rocks 
are chiefly granite, in which are found beautiful 
small plates of white mica, several inches square. 
Drained by Jail branch, wiiich flows into the s. 
63 



branch of Onion r., and by head branches of 
Wait's r., which flow into Connecticut r. It has 
2 stores, cap. $3,000 ; 3 tanneries, 2 potteries, 1 
printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 5 grist m., 
7 saw m., 1 oil m. Capital in manufac. $92,700. 
12 sch. 323 scholars. Pop. 984. 

Orange, t., Grafton co., N. H., 40 n. w. Con- 
cord. The surface is uneven ; soil, generally 
productive. It has a pond in tlie s. w. part, the 
outlet of which flows into Smith's r. On the bor- 
ders of this pond is found a yellow pauit. Ochre 
is also found, and exported in large quantities. 
Chartered in 1769, by the name of Cardigan, 
which is now the name of a mountain in its s. e. 
part. It has 1 pottery, 2 grist m., 2 saw m., 4 
sch. 207 scholars. Pop. 463. 

Orange, p-t., Franklin Co., Mass., 74 w. Bos- 
ton, 415 W. The surface is uneven and rough ; 
soil, adapted to grazing. Drained by Miller's r., 
which affords good water power. Incorporated 
in 1783. It has 6 stores, cap. $15,100 ; 1 tannery, 
2 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. !''l9,250. 
12 sch. 424 scholars. Pop. 1,501. 

Orange, t.. New Haven co., Ct., 4 s. w. New 
Haven. Organized in 1822, from New Haven 
and 3Iilford. Tlie v., formerly called West Ha- 
ven, is a neat and quiet place, and contains a 
Congregational and an Episcopal church. There 
is a Congregational church in the parish formerly 
called North 3Iilford. Some silver and copper 
ore have been obtained here. Drained by Wo- 
pewaug r. There are in the t. 3 stores, capital 
$1,800; 4 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$10,800. 8 sch. 423 scholars. Pop. 1,329. 

Orange, p-t., Steuben co., N. Y., 201 w. by s. 
Albany, 313 W. The surface is elevated and 
rolling ; soil, adapted to grass and to grain. 
Drained by Mead's cr. It has 2 stores, capital 
$5,000 ; 1 tannery, 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$250. 10 sch. 525 scholars. Pop. 1,824. 

Orange, p-t., Esse.v co., N. J., 4j n. w. New- 
ark, 53 N. e. Trenton, 219 W. The surface is 
mountainous or rolling; soil, red shale, generally 
well cultivated. Drained by Second river and 
branches of Rahway r. The v. extends 2 or 3 
miles along the turnpike road, and contains 4 
churches — 1 Episcopal, 2 Presbyterian, and 1 
Methodi.'^t — 10 stores, 2 saw m., and about 220 
dwellings. Near-it is a chalybeate spring, much 
resorted to. The v. of South Orange is 5 msl w. 
Newark, and contains 1 Presbyterian church, 1 
store, 1 paper factory, and about 30 dwellings. 
There are in the t. 10 stores, cap. $27,800 ; 1 tan- 
nery. Cap. in manufac. $76,750. 8 schools 330 
scholars. Pop. 3,261. 

Orange, t., Cuyahoga co., O. The E. branch 
of Chagrin r. crosses its s. e. corner, where is 
Chagrin falls, where the water falls over a rock 
23 feet perpendicularly, affording good water 
power, where is a thriving v. It has 4 stores, 
cap. $5,000; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 flour- 
ing m., 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
.$3,050. 8 sch. 380 scholars. Pop. 1,113. 

Orange, t., Hancock co., O. It has 3 sch. 101 
scholars. Pop. 314. 

Orange, t., 3Ieigs co., O. It has 1 store, cap. 
8200 ; 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Capital in manufac. 
$2,200. 6 sch. 220 scholars. Pop. 830. 

Orange, t., Shelby co., O. It has 1 fulling m., 
1 woollen fac, 2 flouring m., 2 grist m., 3 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $3,730. 2.sch.55suhrs. Pop. 783. 

Orange, p-o., Au.stintown t., Trumbull co., O., 
169 N. e. Columbus, 298 W. 

Orange, t.. Noble co., la. It has 1 store, cap. 
$3,iiOJ; 1 saw m., 1 sch. 18 scholars. Pop. 242 

Orange, p-o., Branch co., IVIich., 116 w. s. w 
Detroit, 567 W. 



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498 



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Orange, t., Macomb co., Mich. The soil is 
fertile, adapted to grain and grass. Pop. 193. 

Orange, p-v., Cherokee co., Ga., 129 n. w. 
Milledgeville, 660 W. 

Orange, p-t., Fayette co., la., 49 e. by s. In- 
dianapolis, 535 W. Pop. 1,187. 

Orangeburg, p-v., Marion co., Miss., 102 s. 
s. e. Jackson, 1,052 W. 

Orangeburg, dist., S. C. Situated a little s. 
of the centre of the state, and contains 1,824 sq. 
ms. Congaree r. runs on its e. border, and 
South Edisto r. on its s. border. Watered by 
JVorth Edisto r. and its branches. Capital, 
Orangeburg. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
22,507, sheep 3,523, swine 33,383 ; wheat 12,490 
bush, produced, rye 577, Ind. corn 477,011, oats 
12,357, potatoes 74,240, rice 510,670 pounds, cot- 
ton 878,370 ; 18 stores, cap. $42,100 ; 67 grist m., 
78 saw m. 1 acad. 40 students, 1 1 sch. 236 scho- 
lars. Pop. whites 6,321, slaves 11,934, free col'd 
264; total, 18,519. 

Orangeburg, C. H., p-v., capital of Orange- 
burg dist., S. C, 43 s. by e. Columbia. Situated 
on the E. bank of North Edisto r. It contains a 
court house, jail, an academy, and several stores 
and about 500 inhabitants. 

Orange, C. H., p-v., capital of Orange co., Va., 
84 n. w. Richmond, 94 W. Situated at the foot 
of S. W. mountain. It contains a court house, 
jail, 2 churches — 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist 



— a female academy, 9 stores, 1 printing office 
issuing a weekly newspaper, and about 60 dwell- 
ings, mostly of brick, and 500 inhabitants. 

Orange Springs, p-v.. Orange co., Va., 76 n. 
w. Richmond, 98 W. 

Orangetovvn, t., Rockland co., N. Y., 123 s. 
Albany. The surface is hilly ; soil, clay, blended 
with red shale. Hudson r. flows on its e. border. 
Drained by Hackensack r. It contains the v. of 
Piermont, where the New York and Erie railroad 
terminates, on Hudson r. There are in the t. 30 
stores, cap. $51,100 ; 4 lumber yards, cap. $45,000 ; 
1 cotton fac. 576 sp., 2 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 7 
grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $18,674. 8 
sch. 312 scholars. Pop. 2,771. 

Orangeville, p-t., Genesee co., N. Y., 257 w. 
Albany, 369 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, clay 
loam, well adapted to grass. Drained by Tona- 
wanda cr. and its tributaries. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $5,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 5 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $8,750. 16 sch. 659 scholars. 
Pop. 1,949. 

Orangeville, p-v., Bloom t., Columbia co., 
Pa., 5 N. Bloomsburg, 81 n. by e. Harrisburg, 191 
W. Situated on Fishing cr., and contains 2 
stores, and about 40 dwellings. 

Orangeville, p-o., Trumbull co., O., 194 n. 
e. Columbus, 300 W. 

Orbisonia, p-o., Huntingdon co., Pa., 81 w. 
Harrisburg, 125 W. 



OREGON TERRITORY. 

The Oregon Territory consists of a large extent of country lying between the Rocky mountains 
and the Pacific ocean, and drained by the Columbia river and its tributaries. The boundaries of 
this country are not entirely settled. The natural boundaries of this territory are — on the easf, the 
Rocky mountains, extending about 900 miles from the 41° to the 54° n. lat. ; on the south, the 
Snowy moimtains, extending from the Rocky mountains to Cape Mendocino, on tlie Pacific, in 40° 
N. lat. ; on the west, the Pacific ocean, about 500 miles due n. to Cape Flattery, at the entrance of 
the Strait of Fuca, about lat. n. 48° ; and on the north, by a line extending from Cape Flattery 
about 120 miles n. e., and thence a line along the highlands separating tiie waters of the Columbia 
from those of Frazer's river, to the Rocky mountains. The coimtry thus described contains about 
350,000 square miles. The United States claim the country from the 42° to the 54° of n. lat. ; 
while the British urge their claim to the country, as far south as the Columbia river ; and both 
parties occupy the country. 

The territory drained by the Columbia presents a constant succession of mountain ridges and 
valleys, or plains of small extent. The principal ridges are two in number, besides the Rocky 
mountains, running nearly parallel to each other and to the coast ; and the country is thus divided 
into three great regions, which differ materially in climate, soil, and productiveness. The first re- 
gion, or low country, is that between the coast and the chain of mountains nearest to the sea ; the 
second region is between the mountains nearest the sea and the middle ridge, called the Blue 
mountains; and the third region or high country, is between the Blue mountains and the Rocky 
mountains. All these divisions are crossed by the Columbia, the main stream of which is formed 
in the middle region, by the union of several branches flowing from the Rocky mountains, and 
receiving in their course supplies from innumerable smaller tributaries, draining the intermediate 
countries. 

The distance from the coast to the nearest chain is, in some places, 100 miles ; in others much 
less. The intervening country is crossed in various direction.^ by low ridges connected with the 
principal chain, some of them parallel to it, and others stretching toward the ocean. From this 
region the Wallamette river comes more than 200 miles, in a direction nearly due N., and enters 
the Columbia on its s. side. The valley through which it passes is said to be the most delightful and 
fertile in Northwestern America. The climate of the region between the ocean and the first range, 
though not unhealthy, is not very favorable to agriculture. The summer is warm and dry. From 
April to October, while the westerly winds prevail, rain seldom falls in any part of Oregon ; during 
the other months, when the south wind blows constantly, the rains are almost incessant in the 
lower region, though sometimes the dry season continues there longer. I'urther from the Pacific, 
the rains are less frequent and abundant ; and near the Rocky mountains they are reduced to a 
few showers in the spring. In the valleys of the low country snow is rarely seen, and the ground 
is so little frozen that ploughing may generally be done during the whole winter. Most oi the 



ORE 499 ORE 

productions of the northern states, excepting Indian corn, succeed tolerably well. Horses and 
neat cattle will subsist without fodder through the winter. The second bottoms of the rivers, 
being above inundation, are extremely fertile, and prairies are considerably numerous and exten- 
sive. The forests on the uplands, although the soil is tolerably good, abound with such enormous 
trees, as almost to defy cultivation. A fir tree growing near Astoria, on the Columbia, 8 miles 
from the sea, was 46 feet in circumference 10 feet from the ground, and 153 feet in length before 
giving off a single branch, and not less than 300 feet in its whole height. Another tree of the 
same species, on the banks of the Umqua, was 57 feet in circumference, and 216 feet in length 
below its branches ; and sound pines from 200 to 2S0 feet in height, and from 20 to 40 feet in cir- 
cumference, are not uncommon. 

The middle region of Oregon, between the mountains nearest the coast and the Blue mountains 
on the east, is more elevated and dry, and less fertile than the low country. It consists cliiefly 
of plains, between ridges of mountains, the soil of which is generally a yellow sandy clay, covered 
with grass, small shrubs, and prickly pears. Timber is very scarce ; the trees are of soft and use- 
less woods, such as cotton-wood, sumac, and willow, which are found only in the neighborhood of 
streams. 

The climate is salubrious, the au- is dry in summer, the days warm, and the nights cool. The 
rain begins later and ends sooner than in the lower country. Tiiis country is poorly adapted to 
cultivation, but is well suited to grazing, the grass being abundant in a green or dry state through 
the year. Horses are here reared in abundance by the Indians, some of whom own hundreds of 
them. The Blue mountains on the e. of this region extend through the whole territory of the Co- 
lumbia, though frequently broken into several ridges. These mountains are steep, with a volcanic 
appearance, and their highest peaks are covered with perpetual snow. 

The third and last division of Oregon lies between the Blue mountains on the w., and the Rocky 
mountains on the E. The southern part of this region is a desert of steep rocky mountains, deep 
narrow valleys, and wide plains covered with sand and gravel. There is little snow in the val- 
leys in tlie winter, but much on the mountains. It rarely rains, and no dew falls. The difference 
between the temperature at sunrise and at noon in summer, is often 40 degrees. 

The Columbia is the great river of this territory. The northern branch, which retains the name 
of the principal stream, rises in the Rocky mountains, in about 54° of n. lat., and pursues a 
southern course to lat. 52°, where it is joined by two other streams, one coming from the s. along 
the base of the Rocky mountains, and the other rising in a gorge of that chain in lat. 53°, its head 
being a small lake, which is within a few feet of another, whence the waters run into the Atha- 
ba.sca, one of the branches of McKenzie's river, which flows to the Arctic ocean. Two hundred 
miles south of the junction, the Columbia receives McGillivray's river, and a little lower down 
Clark's river, which, at the place of union, is nearly as large as the Columbia. The sources of 
Clark's river are near those of the Missouri, and the intervening ridge is not very high, allowing 
of an easy pass across the mountains. In its course, Clark's river spreads out into a lake, 35 miles 
long and 5 or 6 broad, situated in a rich valley, surrounded by snow-clad mountains of great eleva- 
tion. Ju.st before the passage of the Columbia through the Blue mountains, Clark's river enters it ; 
and just above its entrance are the Kettle falls in Clark's river. Thence tlie Columbia flows w. 
100 miles to its junction with the Okannagan, a large stream from the n. In lat. 46° 8' the Colum- 
bia is joined by Lewis river, its great southern branch. It rises in an angle formed by the junction 
of Rocky and Snowy mountains, between the 42° and 44° of n. lat., near the sources of the Colo- 
rado, the Platte, the Yellow Stone, and the Missouri rivers. It thence flows along the foot of the 
Snowy mts. to the Blue mts., through one ridge of which it passes near the 43° of lat., having there 
the Salmon or Fishing falls. It then runs n. w. to its junction with the Columbia, having received 
several small rivers in its course, the largest of which are Wapticacos and Salmon rivers from the 
E. The Columbia, just below the junction of its 2 great brandies, receives the Walla-walla, Falls, 
and other rivers from the south, and then passes tlie range of mountains nearest the Pacific, in lat. 
46°. Below the mouth of the Walla-walla, and before passing the mountains, the Columbia has 
rapids, impassable at low water, but passable at high water, both up and down. Five miles below 
them are the Dalle,<!, or narrows, where the river rushes through a space not more than 150 feet 
wide, walled in by basaltic columns on both sides ; and 36 miles lower down are the Cascades, 
which are falls impassable at all times. The tide comes up to the foot of the Cascades, and the 
navigation is good for vessels not drawing more than 14 feet water, to this point, which is 125 miles 
from the ocean. The Multnomah or Wallametle enters the Columbia from the s., about 20 miles 
below Fort Vancouver, and is navigable 25 miles to the falls. From thence the Columbia proceeds 
90 miles in a northwesterly course to its entrance into the Pacific ocean. 

One of the most striking features in this territory are the passes through that immense barrier, 
the Rocky mountains, which are in general a continuous chain ; and which are found, near the n. 
sources of the Columbia, to contain peaks 15 or 16,000 feet in height ; and some n., which are 
thought to be much higher, and are probably the highest mountains in North America. 



ORE 500 ORE 

" It appears that the points of departure, on the eastern side of the mountains, within llie jurisdic- 
tion of the United States, of all the passes across, are situated in the vicinity of the Black hills, 
and between the 43d and 45th parallels of latitude ; and that among these passes across the moun- 
tains, there is one, and probably but one, sufficiently gradual in its ascents and descents, and suffi- 
ciently open, to admit of the passage of wheel carriages, and, consequently, of the ready construc- 
tion of a convenient and good road. This pass goes through an opening in the Black hills, at about 
44° 30' N. lat., and, keeping between these hills and ' Big Horn mountain,' it crosses tlie tributaries 
of the Yellow Stone from the s., and finally the Yellow Stone itself It then crosses the Missouri, 
or rather the three forks of that r., a short distance above their junction ; from whence it pursues a 
southwestwardly direction, until arriving at the head waters of 'Bitter Root' r. ; thence down the 
valley of this r. to its junction with the 'Salmon, or Lewis's r. ;' and thence down the valley of 
this last r. to its junction with the Columbia. From these facts, then, the vicinity of the Black hills 
has to be attained, in order to cross the Rocky mountains from the e. ; and the best passage of 
these mountahis, at present known, is the one just described. This vicinity is about 650 miles in 
a northwestwardly course from the position of Council Bluffs. But, from Council BlufTs, the course 
of the Missouri, by the latest and most authentic observations, is also northwestwardly, and for 
about 300 miles, nearly parallel to the direction from the Bluffs to the Black hills. The Missouri, 
therefore, would afford water transportation for about 300 miles of this route." — Report of the Sec. 
of War, 1842. 

There are many lakes in this country, some of which discharge their waters into the sources of 
the Columbia, and some, having no outlet, are salt. 

The principal harbor is formed by the Columbia r., which, between Cape Disappointment or 
Hancock and Point Adams at its mouth, is 7 miles wide From each of these po'nts, a sand-bar 
runs into the water, and the waves of the Pacific, meeting the current of the Columbia with great 
violence, produce a line of breakers, which renders the navigation hazardous, when the wind is at 
all high. The bar at its mouth is 5 miles across, and the channel, in one place, only half a mile 
wide, with a depth of from 44 to 8 fathoms. 

The rise and fall of the tides at the mouth of the Columbia is about 8 feet, gradually diminishing 
until you come to the mouth of the Wallamette, where little or no difference in the tides is percep- 
tible. At present, or until the channel is buoyed out, and a light-house erected on Cape Disappoint- 
ment, it is unsafe for vessels of a greater draught of water than from 10 to 12 feet to attempt entering 
the Columbia between the months of November and April, on account of the prevalent westerly 
winds, which make heavy breakers on the bar. 

The inhabitants of this region consist of several Indian tribes, amounting in the whole to from 
40 to GO thousand ; and establishments formed by the British Hudson's Bay Company for trading 
with the Indians ; together with a few missionary establishments from the United States. " The 
colony from the United States is situated on the Wallamette, a branch of the Columbia, about 
ninety miles from the mouth of the river, which is undoubtedly the finest grazing and wheat coun- 
try in Oregon. At present (1841) it consists of about seventy families, who raise considerable 
grain, and have about three thousand head of cattle. The mission last year raised one thousand 
bushels of wheat, and made butter, cheese, &c., enough for their own use. They have five hun- 
dred head of cattle and two hundred horses ; and last year they sowed four hundred bushels of 
wheat, one hundred and twenty bushels of peas, and planted a large quantity of potatoes and vege- 
tables of all descriptions. They have hogs, poultry, (fee, in abundance. Last year they raised 
over fifteen hundred bushels of potatoes. The extent of the country comprising the Wallamette 
valley is about three hundred miles long and two hundred broad, interspersed with ravines of wood, 
generally of sufficient quantities for fuel and fencing. The land, in its natural state, is usually 
ready for the plough, and is very fertile, producing from twenty-five to forty bushels of wheat to 
the acre ; and the climate is so mild that the cattle subsist in the fields without fodder or shelter of 
any kind being prepared or provided for them through the winter. Salmon can be taken at Wal- 
lamette falls, with little trouble, from May to September, in almost any quantity." 

Fort Vancouver, on the north bank of the Columbia, 'JO miles from the ocean, is the principal seat 
of the British fur trade. It has an enclosure 37 rods long and 18 wide, strongly stockaded, within 
which are 8 substantial buildings, and many smaller ones. This place has a considerable farming 
establishment. There are large fertile prairies, which they occupy for tillage and pasture ; and 
forests for fencing materials, and other purposes. In the year 1835, there were at this post 450 
neat cattle ; 100 horses ; 200 sheep ; 40 goats, and 300 hogs. They have a garden of 5 acres, 
abounding with esculent vegetables ; with fruits, such as peaches, apples, grapes, strawberries ; 
and some exotics, as figs, oranges, and lemons ; and various ornamental plants and flowers. There 
is a flour mill worked by ox power, and a saw mill, from which boards are sent, even to the Sand- 
wich Islands. There is a school here for the chUdren of the establishment. There are shops for 
blacksmiths, joiners, carpenters, and a tinner. Fort George, or Astoria, is 8 miles from the mouth 
of the Columbia; has two buildings, and a garden of 2 acres. Fort Walla-walla is on the s. side 



ORF 



501 



ORI 



of the Columbia, 10 miles below the entrance of Lewis river. Oti the Wallamette river, 55 miles 
above its entrance into the Columbia, is McKey's settlement, and li miles above is Jarvis' settle- 
ment, which contain about 20 families. They consist mostly of the retiring servants of the Hud- 
son's Bay Company, with their half-breed families, and a few Americans. FortColvin is on the s. 
side of Clark's river, below the Kettle falls, just before it enters the Columbia. Here is a consid- 
erable farming establishment. Fort Okann.igan is at the entrance into the Columbia of the river of 
that name, 100 miles below Clark's river. The Hudson's Bay Company have also several other 
trading posts in this territory. The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions have 
seven stations — viz. : 1st. Astoria ; 2d. Mullnomia, or Wallamette. The 3d. station is on the Colum- 
bia r., 140 ms. from its mouth : the river is navigable for large vessels up to this place ; above this 
it becomes rapid and rocky. 4th. Pugets Sound— Here is a fine harbor, which will one day render 
it an important position, in a commercial point of view: it is on the coast, 140 miles n. of Colum- 
bia r. 5th. On the Wallamette, 40 miles above its junction with the Columbia. There is a fall in 
the Wallamette at this point, supplying great water power : small craft can ascend to this place. 
6th. Clatsop, a new station, near the mouth of the Columbia. 7th. On the Umqua r., wliich emp- 
ties into the Pacific some 200 miles s. of the Columbia. 

On the 7th of May, 1792, Captain Robert Gray, in the ship Columbia, of Boston, discovered and 
entered the Columbia river ; to which he gave the name of his vessel. He was the first person 
that established the fact of the existence of this great river, and this gives to the United States the 
right of discovery. In 1804-5, captains Lewis and Clark, under the direction of the government 
of the United States, explored the country from the mouth of the Missouri to the mouth of the Co- 
lumbia ; and spent the winter of 1805-6 at the mouth of the Columbia. This exploration of the 
River Columbia, the first ever made, constitutes another ground of the claim of the United States 
to the country. In 1803, the Missouri Fur Company at St. Louis, established a trading post beyond 
the Rocky mountains, on the head waters of Lewis river, the first ever formed on any of the wa- 
ters of the Columbia. In 1810, the Pacific Fur Company imder John Jacob Astor, of New York, was 
formed ; and in 1811, they founded Astoria, at the mouth of the Columbia, as their principal trading 
post, and proceeded to establish others in the interior. A little later in the same year, the North 
West Company sent a detachment to form establishments on the Columbia ; but when they arrived 
at the mouth of the river, they found the post occupied. In consequence of the exposure of As- 
toria by the war of 1S13, the post was .sold out to the North West Company. At the close of the 
war Astoria was restored, by order of the British government, to its original founders, agreeably 
to the first article of the Treaty of Ghent. Various attempts have been made since the war to 
renew the fur trade in Oregon. In 1821, the Hudson's Bay and North West Company, who had 
previously been rivals, were united, and since that time have greatly extended their esrabli.^hments 
in the region of Oregon. The British and American governments have not yet been able to settle 
by negotiation their conflicting claims to the country. By the treaty for the purchase of Florida, 
in 1819, the boundary between the Spanish possessions and the United States was fixed in the n. 
w., at the 42° of n. lat., and the U. S. succeeded to all the title to Oregon which Spain had by 
right of discovery. At present, the subjects of Great Britain and of the United States exercise 
equally the right to occupy this country, and navigate its rivers for the purposes of trade, until tJic 
subject is disposed of by negotiation. In the mean time, the great capital, and the complete organ- 
ization of the Hudson's Bay Company, enable them to reap nearly all the advantages of the fur 
trade in the Territory of Oregon. 



Oregon, county, Mo. Situated on the s. bor- 
der of the state, and contains 1,600 sq. ms. 
Drained principally by Eleven Points r. 

Okego.v, p o., Siocton t., Chautauque co., N. 
Y., 333 w. by s. Albany, 334 W. 

Orego.n', v., and capital of Holt co.. Mo. Sit- 
uated on the N. E. side of the Missouri r. 

Oregon (^itv, p-v., Ogleco., 111., 176 n. Spring- 
field, 818 W. Situated on the n. side of Rock r., 
on an elevated alluvial bottom, 10 ms. above 
Grand Detour. It has 2 stores and 12 or 15 
dwellings. 

Orford, p-t., Grafton co., N. H., 60 n. n. w. 
Concord, 505 W. It lies on the e. side of Con- 
necticut r. The extensive intervales on Con- 
necticut r. are very fertile. It has several ponds. 
W^atered by small streams which flow into Con- 
necticut r., and by the head waters of Baker's r., 
which flows into Alerrimac r. It furnislies exten- 
sively a good limestone, and especially a fine kind 
of soapsione, which is wrought and exported. 
The V. is on an extended street. A bridge across 



Connecticut r. connects the t. with Fairlee, Vt. 
It has 4 stores, cap. $31,000; 2 fulling m., 1 
woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 pottery, 4 saw ra. 
Cap. in manufac. $2,350. 17 sch. 580 scholars. 
Pop. 1,707. 

Okfordville, p-v., Orford t., Grafton co., N. 
II., 62 N. N. w. Concord, 507 W. 

Orient, p-t., Aroostook co., Me., 222 n. e. 
Augusta, 817 W. Pop. 63. 

Orient, p-v., Southold t., Suffolk co., N. Y., 
252 s. s. E. Albany, 332 W. Delightfully situ- 
ated at the head of Oyster Pond harbor, and 
contains 2 churches, several stores, and about 50 
dwellings. This place was, until very recently, 
called " Oyster Ponds." 

Orio.n, p-t., Oakland co., ]\Iich., 35 n. by w. 
Detroit, 553 W. It contains several small lakes. 
Watered by Paint cr. It has 3 stores, cap. 
$6,500 ; 2 flouring m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. 27,800. Pop. 769. 

Orisk.wy Creek, N. Y., rises in Madison 
county, and enters the Mohawk river at Oris- 



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503 



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kany village, Oneida co. It is a valuable mill 
stream. 

Oriskany, p-o., Whitestown t., Oneida co., N. 
Y., 99 N. w. Albany, 397 W. 

Oriskany Falls, p-v., Augusta t., Oneida co., 
N. Y. Situated on both sides of Oriskany cr., 
which liere has a fall of about 30 feet, affording 
extensive water power. It is on the line of the 
Chenango canal, and contains 1 church, 2 stores, 
1 woollen fac, 2 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 distillery, 
1 carding machine, 1 chair and turning fac, 90 
dwellings, and about 600 inhabitants. 

Orland, p-t., Hancock co.. Me., Gl e. by n. 
Augusta, 657 W. Situated on the e. side of Pe- 
nobscot r., opposite to Wetmore's island. It con- 
tains several large ponds. The soil is fertile, 
and it possesses great facilities for navigation. 
Incorporated in 1800. It has 15 sch. 622 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,381. 

Orland, p-t., Steuben co., la., 190 n. n. e. In- 
dianapolis, 562 W. 

Orleans, p-o., Fauquier co., Va., 114 n. by 
w. Richmond, 63 W. 

Orleans, county, Vt. Situated in the n. part 
of the state, and contains 675 sq. ms. Lake 
Memphremagog lies partly in its n. part. Drain- 
ed by Barton, Black and Clyde rivers, which 
flow into Lake Memphremagog, and by the head 
branches o( Missisque and Onion rivers. The 
surface is level or moderately uneven ; soil, fer- 
tile and easily tilled. In its e. part are many 
ponds. It lies between the e. and w. range of 
the Green mountains. Capital, Ira.sburg. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 18,299, sheep 46,669, 
swine 9,750 ; wheat 33,315 bush, produced, rye 
2,400, Ind. corn 20,886, buckwheat 20,067, barley 
10.997, oats 133,301, potatoes 596,855, sugar 
507,446 pounds : 32 stores, cap. $106,400; 1 fur- 
nace, 1 forge, 13 fulling m., 4 woollen fac, 11 
tanneries, 1 distillery, 19 grist m., 53 saw m., 1 
oilm. Cap. in manufac. $141,575. 2acad. Ill 
students, 122 sch. 3,916 scholars. Pop. 13,634. 

Orleans, county, N. Y. Situated in the n. 
w. part of the state, and contains 372 sq. ms. It 
is bounded n. by Lake Ontario. The surface is 
level or gently undulating, with the exception 
of the Mountain Ridge, which extends across it 
from E. to w. The soil is loam or gravel, with 
an intermixture of clay and sand, and is fertile. 
Drained by Oak Orchard, Johnson's, and other 
creeks, flowing into Lake Ontario. It contains 
some sulphur and brine springs, and a small 
quantity of bog iron ore. The Erie canal passes 
ceiitrally through it from e. to w. Capital, 
Albion. There were in 1840, neat cattle 18,123, 
sheep 69,563, swine 27,933 ; wheat 701,212 bush, 
produced, Ind. corn 198,998. buckwheat 10,047, 
barley 30,72:^, oats 180,5Si, potatoes 303,314, 
hops 1,533 pounds, sugar 150,786; 77 stores, 
cap. $339,144 ; 5 furnaces, 12 fulling m., 4 woollen 
fac, 10 tanneries, 1 brewery, 5 flouring m., 15 
grist m., 53 saw m., 4 printing offices, 4 weekly 
newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $398,940. 7 
acad. 750 students, 163 sch. 8,247 scholars. Pop. 
25,127. 

Orleans, parish. La. Situated in the s. e. 
part of the state, and contains 160 sq. ms. The 
suriace is level and marshy, and too low for 
profitable cultivation, excepting on the margins 
of the streams. Sugar, cotton, rice and Indian 
corn, together with an abundance of garden 
vegetables, and oranges, figs, and peaches, are its 
chief productions. Capital, N. Orleans. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 2,639, sheep 1,807, 
swine 1,824; Ind. corn 3,100 bush, produced, 
cotton 10,000 pounds, sugar 10,000 ; 8 commercial 
and 375 commission houses, cap. $16,490,000; 



1,881 stores, cap. $11,018,225; 32 lumberyards, 
cap. $67,S00 ; 1 tannery, 2 distilleries, 3 sawm., 
18 printing offices, 9 daily, 6 weekly and 2 semi- 
weekly newspapers. Capital in manufactures, 
$1,774,200. 2 colleges 165 students, 10 acad. 
440 students, 25 sch. 975 scholars. Pop. whites 
59,519, slaves 23,450, free col'd 19,226; total, 
102,193. 

Orleans, p-t., Barnstable co., Mass., 95 s. e. 
Boston, 496 W. It extends across the narrow 
part of Cape Cod. The surface is moderately 
uneven ; soil, generally sandy and barren. 
Pleasant bay sets up from the ocean on the e. 
side of the cape, and contains several islands 
belonging to this t. It contains 4 churches — 1 
Congregational, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, and 1 
Universalist. The inhabitants are extensively 
employed in the fisheries, and the manufacture 
of salt. It has 10 stores, cap. $16,400 ; 4 grist m. 
Cap. in manufac. $5,800. 10 sch. 765 scholars. 
Pop. 1,974. 

Orleans, t., Jefl'erson co., N. Y., 12 n. Water- 
town, 172 N. N. w. Albany. The surface is gently 
undulating ; soil, a fertile clay and loam, under- 
laid by limestone. Drained by Chaumont and 
Perch rivers. It has 5 stores, cap. .$13,100 : 2 
grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,100. 11 
sch. 271 scholars. Pop. 3,001. 

Orleans, p-v., Phelps t., Ontario co., N. Y., 
190 w. Albany, 355 W. Situated on Flint cr., 
and contains 2 churches, 3 stores, 1 flouring m., 
1 saw m., 1 plaster m., 1 distillery, 1 tannery, 1 
clothier's works, 40 dwellings, and about 300 
inhabitants. 

Orleans, p-o., Alleghany co., Md. 

Orleans, p-o., Greenville dist., S. C. 

Orleans, p-v.. Orange co., la., 86 s. by w. 
Indianapolis, 625 W. It contains 3 stores, 1 
carding machine, 2 tanneries, 40 dwellings, and 
about 250 inhabitants. 

Orne's Store, p-o., Bledsoe co., Tenn., 125 e. 
s. E. Nashville, 5S4 W. 

Orono, p-t., Penobscot co.. Me., 75 n. e. Au- 
gusta, 670 W. Situated on the w. side of Pe- 
nobscot r., opposite to the great falls. The soil 
is fertile, adapted to wheat. Watered by Pu- 
shaw r., which issues from Pushaw pond, a large 
body of water in its w. part. Marsh island in 
Penobscot r., containing 5,000 acres, belongs 
in part to this t. It possesses great water power, 
and has numerous saw m. Incorporated in 1806. 
A railroad, 12 ms. long, extends from Bangor to 
the village of Stillwater in this t., and to Old- 
town V. in OldtowTi t., which cost $350,000. It 
has 6 stores, cap. $6,500 ; 2 lumber yards, cap. 
$1,600; 1 tannery, 1 grist ra., 36 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $10,780. 4 sch. 350 scholars. Pop. 
1,521. 

Oronoko, t, Berrien co., Mich. It has 1 
grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,100. 
Pop. 335. 

Orrington, p-t., Penobscot co.. Me., 70 n. 
E. Augusta, 666 W. Penobscot r. bounds it on 
the w. The soil is fertile, adapted to wheat. 
The V. is pleasantly situated on Penobscot r., 
which affords facilities for navigation. A small 
stream flows across it into the Penobscot, and 
affords water power. It has 2 stores, cap. 
$5,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 flouring m., 6 
saw m. Cap in manufac. $32,700. 10 sch. 645 
scholars. Pop. 1,580. 

Orrstown, p-o., Franklin co., Pa., 39 \v. s. 
w. Harrisburg, 106 W. 

Orrsville, p-v.. Pine t., Armstrong co.. Pa., 
192 w. N. w. Harrisburg, 246 W. 

Orrsville, p-o., Mecklenburg co., N. C, 170 
w. s. w. Raleigh, 409 W. 



osc 



503 



OSW 



Orrville, p-0., Gwinnett co., Ga., 101 n. w. 
Milledgeville, 649 W. 

Orwell, p-t., Rutland co., Vt., 79 s. w. Mont- 
pelier, 463 W. It is bounded w. by Lake Cham- 
plain, and lies opposite to Ticonderoga, N. V., 
and contains Mount Independence, both cele- 
brated in the revolutionary war. The width of 
the lake between them, is about 80 rods. At 
Sholes landing, 1 m. .s., it is only 40 rods wide, 
though its general width oppo.site the t. is 1 m. 
Drained by East cr. and Lenonfair r., which 
afford water power. The surface in a portion 
of the s. part is broken and hilly, but generally 
level, and very fertile. It is one of the best 
farming towns in the state. Chartered in 1763, 
but not settled until 1783. It contains 1 Con- 
gregational, and 1 Baptist church. It has 3 
stores, 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 1 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $1,400. lOsch. 473 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,504. 

Orwell, p-t., Oswego co., N. Y., 148 w. n. w. 
Albany, 393 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, 
gravelly loam. Drained by Salmon r. and its 
tributaries. It has 2 stores, cap. $5,400 ; 1 ful- 
ling m., 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $5,850. 9 sch. 205 scholars. Pop. 
808. 

Orwell, p-t., Bradford co., Pa., 146 n. Har- 
risburg, 256 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, 
gravelly loam. Watered by Wysox cr. and its 
tributaries. It has 1 store, cap. $7,000 ; 1 wool- 
len fac, 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $7,880. 8 sch. 325 scholars. Pop. 
1,037. 

Orwell, p-t., Ashtabula co., O., 185 n. e. Co- 
lumbus, 325 W. Organized in 1826. It has 4 
sch. 112 scholars. Pop. 459. 

Orwigsbcrg, p-b., capital of Schuylkill co.. 
Pa., 62 N. E. Harrisburg, 172 W. Situated near 
a small cr. which flows into the Schuylkill r. 
It stands on a rising ground, in a valley surround- 
ed by lofty hills, capable of cultivation to the 
top. It contains a court house and public ofiices 
of brick, a jail, an academy, and a Lutheran 
church. Incorporated in 1813. It has 7 stores, 
cap. $26,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 printing office, 1 weekly 
newspaper, 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,500. 
.2 acad. 87 students, 2 sch. 80 scholars. Pop. 
779. 

Osage, r., Mo., rises in the Indian territory, 
and flows into the state of Mo., and after a wind- 
ing course, falls into the Missouri r., 133 ms. 
above the Mississippi. It is 397 yards wide at 
its mouth, and navigable for steamboats 200 ms. 
It has much fertile land on its borders. 

Os.vGE, county, Mo. Situated a little s. E. of 
the centre of the state, and contains 860 sq. ms. 
Drained by Gasconade r., flowing into the 
Missouri r., which bounds it on the n. Osage 
r. bounds it on the n. w. Capital, Alexander. 

Osage, p-v., capital of Benton co.. Ark., 200 
N. w. by w. Little Rock, 1,161 W. Situated on 
the N. side of the Arkansas r. It contains a 
court house, and several stores and 25 dwellings. 

Osage, p-o., Crawford co., Mo., 87 s. e. Jeffer- 
son City, 911 W. 

Osage, t., Carroll co., Ark. It has 4 stores, 
cap. $9,400 ; 2 grist m., 1 sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 
660. 

Osborn's Bridge, p-o., Northampton t., Ful- 
ton CO., N. Y., 58 N. w. Albany, 421 VV. 

Osborn's Ford, p-o., Scott co., Va., 350 w. by 
N. Richmond, 410 W. 

Osborn's Hollow, p-o., Chenango t., Broome 
CO., N. Y., 130 w. s. w. Albany, 306 W. 

Osceola, p-v., capital of St. Clair co.. Mo., 132 
w. Jefferson City, 1,068 W. Situated on the s. 



side of Osage r. It contains a court house and a 
few dwellings. 

Oscoda, county, Mich. Situated in the n. e. 
part of the state, and contains 576 square miles. 
Drained by Au Sable r. (It is unorganized.) 

Osir Kosn, p-o.. Fond du Lac co.. Wis., 118 N. 
e. Madison, 965 W. 

Os.\ABURGH, p-t., Stark co., O., 129 n. e. Co- 
lumbus, 308 W. The surface is rolling and hilly, 
with a growth of oak timber. The v. contains 1 
church, 3 stores, 2 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 70 
dwellings, and about 400 inhabitants. Pop. 2,3.33. 

OssABAW IsLA.ND AND SouND, Bryan CO., Ga. 
Situated at the mouth of Ogechee r. The island 
is low and sandy, and 10 ms. long ; and the sound 
is an inlet between this island and Warren island, 
constituting a broad estuary. 

O.SSIAN, p-t., Alleghany co., N. Y., 244 w. by 
s. Albany, 334 W. The surface is undulating ; 
soil, a fertile argillaceous loam. Drained by 
Canaseraga cr. and its branches. The v. con- 
tains 1 church, 2 stores, 1 saw m., 1 tannery, 30 
dwellings, and about 250 inhabitants. There are 
in the t. 1 fulling m., 11 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $5,000 ; 8 sch. 311 scholars. Pop. 938. 

OssiPEE, lake and river, Strafford co., N. H., 
covers about 7,000 acres, in an oval form, and 
without islands. Its waters are pure, and are 
discharged through Ossipee r., passing through 
several ponds into Saco r., Me. 

Ossipee, mountains, Strafford co., N. H., ex- 
tend about 8 ms. toward the e., a little n. of the 
north part of Winnipiseogee lake, and reaching 
within 4 ms. of Ossipee lake. 

Ossipee, p-t., capital of Carroll co., N. H., 52 
N. N. E. Concord, 533 W. Ossipee lake lies partly 
in its N. E., and Ossipee mountain in its N. w. part. 
Bear Camp r. passes through it into Ossipee lake. 
It has several ponds. Incorporated in 1785. The 
V. is situated on the w. side of Ossipee lake, and 
contains a court house and several dwellings. 
There are in the t. 7 stores, cap. $11,500 ; 3 tan- 
neries, 5 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$18,300. 22 sch. 876 scholars. Pop. 2,170. 

OsTERviLLE, p-v., Barnstable t. and co., Mass., 
72 s. s. E. Boston, 477 W. Situated on the e. 
side of Oyster bay, and contains a Baptist and 
Congregational church, and several dwellings. 

OswEGATCHiE, r., N. Y., rises in Herkimer 
CO., and, flowing into St. Lawrence co., pursues 
a circuitous course, in a n. w. direction, until it 
enters the St. Lawrence, at Ogdensburg. it is 
about 120 ms. long. 

OswEGATCHiE, t., St. LawTcnce co., N. Y., 16 
w. Canton, 200 n. n. w. Albany. The surface 
is undulating ; soil, clay loam, generally well 
cultivated. Black lake lies partly in this t., and 
discharges its waters into Oswegatchie r. The 
St. Lawrence r. bounds it on the n. w. It con- 
tains the v. of Ogdensburg. It has 2 commission 
houses, cap. $3,00;) ; 57 stores, cap. $202.500 ; 1 
lumber yard, 3 furnaces, 3 fulling ni., 4 tanner- 
ies, 2 printing offices, 1 bindery, 2 weekly news- 
papers, 2 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$473,400. 19 sch. 662 scholars. Pop. 3,193. 

OswEGATCHiE, p-o., Lewis CO., N. Y., 163 n. 
w. Albany, 462 W.^ 

Oswego, r., N. Y., is formed by the junction 
of Seneca and Oneida rivers. Seneca r. forms 
a common outlet of Seneca, Cayuga, Crooked, 
Canandaigua, Ovvasco, Skeneateles, and Cross 
lakes. Oneida r. forms the outlet of Oneida lake. 
After the junction, Oswego r. pursues a n. w. 
course, 24 ms., until it enters Lake Ontario, at 
Oswego V. The r., for some distance, forms the 
Oswego canal, the falls being overcome by a 
succession of locks. It affords extensive water 



osw 



504 



OTI 



power. At its mouth is the commodious harbor 
of Oswego, which has been much improved by 
artificial structures. It has falls near its moulii, 
which prevent its being navigated at all by ves- 
sels from the lake. 

Oswego, county, N. Y. Situated in the n. 
part of the state, on Lake Ontario, and contains 
y23 sq. ms. Drained by Oswego r., Salmon r., 
and numerous small streams, flowing into Lake 
Ontario, which bounds it on the n. w. Oneida 
lake lies on its s. e. border. The Oswego canal 
passes down the E. bank of Oswego r. Surface, 
level, or gently undulating ; the soil is well 
adapted to grain and to grazing. Capitals, Oswe- 
go and Pulaski. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
35,369, sheep 63,842, swine 39,233 ; wheat 138,602 
bush, produced, rye 1,676, Indian corn 189,327, 
buckwheat 41,618, barley 11,061, oats 215,177, 
potatoes 599,137, sugar 264,989 pounds; 7 com- 
mercial and commission houses, cap. §246,000 ; 
107 stores, cap. ."$366,225 ; 3 lumber yards, cap. 
$11,000; 6 furnaces, 16 fulling m., 2 woollen 
fac, 25 tanneries, 10 flouring m., 29 grist m., 135 
saw m., 2 oil m., 1 paper fac, 5 printing offices, 
5 weekly newspapers. Capital in manufactures 
$895,066. 5 acad. 46S students, 325 sch. 12,193 
scholars. Pop. 43,619. 

OswEGO, p-v., port of entry, and semi-capital 
of Oswego CO., N. Y. It lies on both sides of 
Oswego r., at its entrance into Lake Ontario, in 
the towns of Oswego and Scriba, 160 w. n. w. 
Albany, 373 W. Incorporated in 1828. It is 
regularly and handsomely laid out with streets 100 
feet wide, crossing each other at riglit angles. 
The two parts of the village are connected by a 
bridge, 700 feet long, which cost $6,000. It has 
a court house, a custom house, 2 banks, with an 
aggregate capital of §400,000, an insurance com- 
pany, an incorporated academy, and a flourishing 
female seminary, 5 churches — 2 Presbyterian, 1 
Episcopal, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, and 1 Roman 
Catholic, besides a Bethel congregation. It has 
great facilities for commerce. Tlie Oswego ca- 
nal, 38 miles, connects it with the Erie canal at 
Syracuse. A part of the way the Oswego river 
constitutes the canal, and has a tow-path on its 
bank. Next to Sacketts Harbor, Oswego has 
the best harbor on the s. side of Lake Ontario. 
The harbor is formed by a pier, or mole, built by 
the U. S., of wood, filled in with stones, and 
having stones on the outside, on the lake side. 
This pier is 1,219 feet in length, with an entrance 
250 feet wide. On the end of the w. pier is a 
light-house, and there is another on the hill, on 
the E. side of the r., near the fort. The water 
within tlie pier has a depth of from 10 to 20 feet, 
and the harbor is spacious and safe. There are 
owned at tiiis place 6 steamboats and 70 sclioo- 
ners, averaging 100 tons burden, and a large 
number of canal-boats. The canal-boats are 
generally built in a very substantial manner, 
with decks, capable of being towed through the 
lake. A considerable portion of the trade be- 
tween New York and the west passes through 
Oswego and the Welland canal, in Canada, 
around the Falls of Niagara. The salt from Sa- 
lina, destined to the west, mostly passes this 
way. The tonnage of Oswego, in 1840, was 
8,346. Oswego possesses great manufacturing 
facilities. A feeder dam, 7i feet high, three 
fourths of a mile above the village, furnishes an 
abundance of surplus water, which is taken from 
the canal, with a fall of 19 feet, on the e. side of 
the r. A canal has also been constructed on the 
w. side, 62 feet wide and 7 feet deep, at a cost of 
$75,000, which has a fall at the village of 19 feet. 
Various manufacturing establishments now exist, 



and many more might be accommodated. The 
t. of Oswego had in 1840, mostly in the v. of 
Oswego, 3 commercial and 4 commission houses 
in for. trade, cap. $246,000 ; 32 retail stores, cap. 
$92,150; 2 lumber yards, cap. $4,000; 2 tanner- 
ies, 5 flouring m., 2 grist m., 6 saw m., 3 printuig 
offices, and 4 weekly newspapers. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $323,135. 17 sch. 1,039 scholars. Pop. 
4,665 ; of the v. of Oswego, 4,500. As a consid- 
erable portion of the v. of Oswego lies in the 
township of Scriba, part of the following statistics 
of that t. belong to the v. of Oswego. 2 stores, 
cap. $5,500; 1 lumber yard, cap. $7,000; 1 tan- 
nery, 4 flouring m., 3 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $172,816. 17 sch. 1,047 scholars. Pop. 
4,051. Daily lines of steamboats, for the convey- 
ance of passengers, run between Oswego and 
Lewtston, Kingston, Canada, Sacketts Harbor, 
and Ogdensburgh, stopping at the hitermediate 
places. On the e. side of the r., near the lake, 
a tract of land has been ceded to the United 
States, on which is situated Fort Oswego, for the 
defence of the harbor, which occupies the site of 
an old fort of the same name, celebrated in the 
colonial wars, and wiiich was given up by the 
British treaty of 1794. The town, with the fort, 
fell into the hands of the British during the late 
war ; but they were expelled from it, 12 hours 
afterward, with loss. 

The surface of Oswego t. is mostly level ; soil, 
sandy loam, of medium quality. Watered by 
Oswego r. Drained by several small streams 
flowing into Lake Ontario, which bounds it on 
the N. 

OswEGO, t.. Potter co.. Pa. It has 3 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $380. Pop. lOi. 

0.SWEG0, pv., Kosciusko co., la., 133 n. In- 
dianapolis, 603 W. 

O.swEGO, p-v., Kane co., 111., 171 n. n. e. 
Springfield, 760 W. 

Otego, cr., N. Y., rises in Burlington, Otsego 
CO., and empties into the e. branch of Susque- 
hanna r. It affords good water power. 

Otego, p-t., Otsego co., N. Y., 22 s. w. Coop- 
erstovvn, 86 w. Albany, 340 W. The surface is 
partly hilly, with extensive flats along the Sus- 
quehanna r. ; soil, clay and sandy loam. Drained 
by Otsdawa cr. and Susquehanna r. Tlie v. con- 
tains 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 
and 1 Baptist — 7 stores, 1 tannery, 50 dwellings, 
and about 300 inhabitants. There are in the t. 5 
stores, cap. $20,500 ; 2 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 
grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $13,500. 15 
sch. 571 scholars. Pop. 1,919. 

Otis, t., Hancock co.. Me. It contains several 
large ponds, the outlets of which flow into Blue- 
hill bay, and one which discharges its waters into 
Penobscot r. It has 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 4 sch. 
48 scholars. Pop. 8S. 

Otis, p-t., Berkshire co., Mass., 15 s. e. Lenox, 
119 w. Boston, 368 W. The surface is uneven 
and broken, and difficult of tillage ; the soil is 
well adapted to grazing. Drained by head 
branches of Farmington and Westfield rivers. It 
has 3 stores, cap. $5,100; 1 forge, 2 tanneries, 2 
grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $29,912. 
1 acad. 20 students, 10 sch. 3iJ5 scholars. Pop. 
1,177. 

Otisco, lake, N. Y., lies in the w. part of On- 
ondaga CO., is 5 miles long and 2 wide, and dis- 
charges its waters by Nine Mile cr. into Ononda- 
ga lake. The cr. affords water power. 

Otisco, p-t., Onondaga co., N. Y., 15 s. Syra- 
cuse, 13^ w. by N. Albany, 335 W. Tlie surface 
is hilly ; soil, clay loam, and generally well cul- 
tivated. Otisco lake lies on its w. border. Drained 
by Nine 3Iile or., the outlet of the lake. The v. 



OTS 



505 



OTT 



contains 1 church, 2 stores, 20 riwellings, and 
about 100 inhabitants. It has 2 stores, capital 
$6,000 ; 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. 
in tnanufac. $6,900. 16 sch. 7d2 scholars. Pop. 
1,906. 

Otisco, p-t., Ionia co., Mich. It has 1 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $3,000. Pop. 212. 

Otis East, p-o., Otis t., Berkshire co., Mass., 
116 w. Boston, 371 W. 

Otisfield, p-t., Cumberland co.. Me., 71 s. s. 
AV. Augusta, 578 W. The soil is fertile, adapted 
to grain. Drained by Crooked r., vvliich flows 
into Sebago pond or lake. It has 4 stores, cap. 
$1,950 ; 1 fulling m., 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $3,000. Pop. 1,307. 

Otisville, p o.. Mount Hope t, Orange co., 
N. Y., 110 s. s. w. Albany, 275 W. 

Otsdawa, p-v., Otego t., Otsego co., N. Y., 86 
w. Albany, 344 W. It contains 1 store, 1 tan- 
nery, 1 fulling m., 2 saw m., and 15 or 20 dwell- 
ings. 

Otsego, lake, N. Y., situated in the n. part of 
Otsego CO., and is 9 miles long, and from 1 to 2 
broad. The water is clear, and it is stored with 
a variety of excellent fish. Its outlet is the source 
of Susquehanna r. ; and at its departure from the 
lake, is the pleasant and flouritliing village of 
Cooperstovvn, which has a fine view of tiie lake 
to the N. 

Otsego, county, N. Y. Situated centrally 
toward the e. part of the state, and contains 8.^2 
sq. ms. The surface is elevated, hilly, and in 
some parts mountainous, with fertile valleys. 
The soil is various, but generally productive. It 
contains Otsego and Canaderaga or Schuyler's 
lakes, both flowing into the Susquehanna river. 
Drained by Susquehanna r., and Cherry Valley, 
Butternut, and Otego creeks. Unadilla r. bounds 
it on the w. In Burlington, the stones scattered 
over the surface consist extensively of marine 
petrifactions. Capital, ( ooperstovvn. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 66,035, sheep 235,979, swine 
47,637 ; wheat 148,880 bushels produced, rye 
68,236, Ind. corn 122,382, buckwheat 45,059, bar- 
ley 116,715,oats6J3,989, potatoes 1,293,109, hops 
168,605 pounds, sugar 351,718; 13J stores, cap. 
$470,070; 7 furnaces, 43 fulling m., 4 woollen 
fac, 8 cotton fac. 17,502 sp., I dyeing and print- 
ing establishment, 47 tanneries, 9 distilleries, 1 
brewery, 65 grist m., 222 saw m., 3 oil m., 1 pa- 
per fac , 5 printing ofHces, 1 periodical, 4 weekly 
newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $929,2i9. 9 acad. 
385 students, 300 schools 13,292 scholars. Pop. 
49,628. 

Otsego, t., Otsego co., N. Y., 66 w. Albany. 
The surface is hilly; soil, clay and gravelly 
and sandy loam. Otsego lake lies on the e. bor- 
der, and Canaderaga lake on the ,\. w. The out- 
let of the latter is Oak cr., which aff;)rds good 
water power. It has 26 stores, cap. $1 12,l()i) ; 2 
cotton fac. 4,000 sp., 1 furnace, 4 tanneries, 1 
brewery, 1 paper fac, 3 priming oftices, 2 weekly 
newspapers, and 1 periodical, 6 grL-^t m., 12 saw 
m. lap. in manufac. $169,650. 3 acad. 187 stu- 
dents, 24 sch. 1,021 scholars. Pop. 1,421. 

Otsego, p-o., 3Iuskingum co., O., 73 e. Co- 
lumbus, 337 W. 

Otsego, p t., Allegan co., Mich., 149 w. by n. 
Detroit, 614 VV. The v. is situated on Kalama- 
zoo r., which has a fell of 8 feet, and affords good 
water power. The v. is elevated 3> feet above 
the level of the river, and contains 2 siorcs, and 
about 200 inliabitanis. There are in I he t. 1 
flouring m., 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $li,775. 3 sch. 103 scholars. Pop. 480. 

Otsego, p-o.. Lake co , III., 250 n. n. e. Spring- 
field, 756 W. 

61 



Otselic, cr., N. Y., rises in Madison co., anil 
flowing through parts of ( 'henango, Cortland, and 
Broome counties, enters Toughnioga r. It affords 
good water power. 

Otselic, p-t., Chenango co., N. Y., 15 n. w. 
Norwich, 86 w. by s. Albany, 314 W. The sur- 
fiice is hilly, and somewhat broken ; soil, clay 
loam, and heavily timbered. Drained by Oste- 
lic cr. It has 1 store, cap. $1,000; 2 tanneries, 

1 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $11,300. 
14 sch. 521 scholars. Pop. 1,621. 

Otsquaga, cr., N. Y., rises in the s. part of 
Herkimer co., and enters the Mohawk r. in Mont- 
gomery CO. 

Otter Bridge, p-o., Bedford co.. Pa., 134 w. 
Harrisburg, 209 VV. 

Otter, cr., Vt., the longest stream which runs 
wholly in the state, rises in Mount Tabor t., in 
the s. E. part of Rutland co., and flows 5 ms. s. 
into the n. e. part of Bennington co., and in Dor- 
set turns to the n., and flows in a general course 
of N. by. w. until it enters Lake Champlain in 
Ferrisburgh. It is navigable for the largest lake 
vessels 6 ms. to Vergennes. From Middlebury 
to Pitlsford, 25 ms., it is boatable. It has fine 
falls at iMiddlebury, Weybridge, and Vergennes, 
affording extensive water power. The large 
vessels of McDonough's squadron, and several 
of the largest steamboats, have been built at 
Vergennes. 

Otter Creek, p-o., Vigo co., la., 81 w. by s. 
Indianapolis, 653 W. 

Otter, l'reek, p-o., Jersey co., III., 80 s. w. 
Springfield, 830 W. 

Otter, Peaks of, Va., are the summits of the 
Blue Ridge, and the highest land in the slate 
The E. peak is 3,104 feet high, and the w. 2,946 
feet. Other statements make the greatest eleva- 
tion 4,260 feet. They are situated between Bed- 
ford and Boltetourt counties, 30 w. by n. Lynch- 
burg. 

Otter Village, p-v., Ripley co., la., 67 s. e. 
Indianapolis. 

Otto, p-t., Cattaraugus co., N. Y., 10 n. w. 
Ellicottville, 306 vv. by s. Albany, 348 W. The 
surface is elevated and broken ; soil, gravelly 
and clay loam. Cattaraugus cr. bounds it on the 
N., by which, and its tributaries, it is drained. It 
has 3 stores, cap. $6,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 

2 grist m., 5 saw. Cap. in n)anufac. $9,800. 12 
sch. 639 scholars. Pop. 2,133. 

Ottobinp:, p-o., Rockbridge co., Va., 144 w. 
Richmond, 144 W. 

Ottowa, county, O. Situated toward the n. 
w. part of the staie, bounded by Lake Erie on 
the N., and contains 350 sq. ms. Drained by 
Porta<^e and Toussaint rivers. Sandusky bay 
lies on its s. k. border. Surface level ; soil, fer- 
tile. Capital, Port Clinton. There were in 1810, 
neat catile 327, sheep l,4S9, swine 5,074; wheat 
14,5)6 bush, produced, rye 1,693, Ind. corn 
36'757. buckwheat 1,522, oats 3,465, potatoes 
15,734, sugar 9,449 pounds ; 5 stores, cap. $5,000 ; 
1 tonnery, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $12,400. 4 sch. 115 scholars. Pop. 2,213. 

Ottowa, county, 3Iich. Situated in the n. 
w. part of the settled portion of the penhisula, 
and contains 700 sq. ms. The surface is rolling, 
with sand bluffs on the lake shore ; soi'. fertile. 
Lake 3Iichigan bounds it on the w. Drained by 
Grand r. and its tributaries, and .Maskegon r. 
Capital, Grand Haven. 'J'here were in 1840, 
neat cattle 269, swine 492 ; wheal 1,226 bush, 
produced, Ind. corn 3,9.50, oats 2,235, potatoes 
7,741, sugar 12,229 pounds ; 2 commission houses, 
cap. $1,000 ; 2 stores, cap. $3,500 ; 1 tannery, 12 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $104,500. Pop. 203. 



OWA 



506 



OWE 



Otto w A, p-t., Ottowa co., O., 132 n. Colum- 
bus, 450 W. It has 2 commission houses, cap. 
$1,000; 2 stores, cap. $3,500; 2 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. !|:i5,000. 

Ottow.\, p-v., capital of La Salle co., 111., 133 
N. N. E. Springfield, 773 W. Situated on both 
sides of Illinois r., at the junction of Fox r. The 
r. here is deep, and there is a convenient steam- 
boat landing ; but the rapids for the distance of 8 
or 9 ms. below require higii water for the ap- 
proach of steamboats. It was founded in 1830, 
and contains a court house, 10 stores, about 80 
dwellings, and 500 inliabitants. It possesses an 
extensive water power. 

Ottsville, p-v., Nockamixon t., Bucks co.. 
Pa., 112 E. Harrisburg, 174 W. It contains a 
store and 6 or 8 dwellings. 

Oury's, p-o., Hamilton co., O., 121 s. w. by w. 
Columbus, 508 W. 

Overslaugh, N. Y., consists of a succession 
of bars and flats in Hudson r., 3 ms. below Alba- 
ny, rendering the channel shallow and winding. 
By walls on the sides of the r., erected by the 
government of the United States, the main bed 
of the r. has been narrowed, and the navigation 
improved. 

Overton, county, Tenn. Situated in the n. 
part of the state, and contains 890 sq. ms. Drain- 
ed by Obies r. and its branches, and by Roaring 
or. Surface undulating ; soil, fertile, especially 
along the streams. Capital, Monroe. There 
•were in 1840, neat cattle 12,213, sheep 11,011, 
swine 42,034 ; wheat 38,452 bush, produced, rye 
3,713, Ind. corn 541,647, oats 77,GSi, potatoes 
19,464, tobacco 261,160 pounds, cotton 18,949, 
sugar 31,339; 15 stores, cap. $45,81)0; 2 forges, 
5 tanneries, 53 distilleries, 2 powder m., 28 grist 
m., 14 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $4,828. 
20 sch. 618 scholars. Pop. whites 8,334, slaves 
889, free col'd 56 ; total, 9,279. 

Overton, p-v., capital of Claiborne parish, 
La., 406 N. w. New Orleans, 1,276 W. Situated 
on the E. side of Dorcheat bayou. It contains a 
court house, several stores, and about 10 dwell- 
ings. 

Ovid, p-t., and semi-capital of Seneca co., N. 
Y., 189 w. Albany, 323 W. Situated between 
Cayuga lake on the e., and Seneca lake on the 
\v. The surface is elevated in the middle, and 
declines toward each lake. The soil is fertile. 
Drained by several fine mill-streams, which flow 
into the lakes. The v. is situated at an equal 
distance from the 2 lakes, and contains a court 
house, jail, 3 churches— I Presbyterian, 1 Bap- 
tist, and 1 Methodist— an academy, 8 stores, 

100 dwellings, and about 700 inhabitants. There 
are in the t. 2 tanneries, 1 printing oflice, 1 week- 
ly newspaper, 1 grist m. Cap in manufac. 

$5,200. 1 acad. 48 students, 8 sch. 308 scholars. 

Pop. 2,721. 

Ovid, p-o., Jefferson t., Franklin co., O., 17 e. 

by N. Columbus, 388 W. 

Ovid, p-t.. Branch co., Mich. It has 1 saw in. 

Cap. in maauiac. $1,200. 4 sch. 55 scholars. 

Pop. 369. 

Ovid, p-v., Madison co., la., 36 n. e. Indian- 
apolis, 551 W. 

Ovid Centre, p-o., Ovid t., Seneca co., N. Y. 

(See Ovid t.) 

OwA-sco Lake, Cayuga co., N. Y., is 12 miles 

long, and about 1 m. wide. Its waters are pure, 

and abound with trout and other fish. Its banks 

present much picturesque beauty. 

Owasco outlet, N. Y., flows from Owasco 

lake, 2 ms. s. Auburn, and empties into Seneca 

r., in the town of Mentz. It affords extensive 

water power. 



Owasco, p-t., Cayuga co., N. Y. 3 s. e. Au- 
burn, 162 w. Albany, 334 W. The surface is 
rolling ; soil, a fertile loam, highly cultivated. 
Owasco lake lies on its s. vv. border. Drained 
by small streams which flow into the lake. The 
v. contains 2 churches, 1 store, 25 dwellings, and 
about 150 inhabitants. There are in the t. 1 store, 
cap. $5,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 grist m., 4 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $2,100. 7 sch. 831 scholars. 
Pop. 1,319. 

OwAsso, p-t., Shiawassee co., Mich., 82 n. vv. 
Detroit, 585 W. The v. is situated on Shiawas- 
see r., and contains a store, and a number of 
dwellings. The t. has 3 stores, cap. $6,000; 1 
flouring m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,328. 
1 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 234. 

Owego, creek, N. Y., rises in Cortland and 
Tompkins counties, and enters the Susquehanna 
r. at Owego v. It passes several pleasant vil- 
lages, and affords extensive water power. 

Owego, p-t., capital of Tioga co., N. Y., 161 
w. s. w. Albany, 275 W. The surface is hilly, 
with extensive flats along the Susquehanna r. 
Drained by Owego cr. and Susquehanna r. The 
V. is situated on the n. side of the Susquehanna 
r. It was incorporated in 1327, and contains a 
court house, jail, county clerk's office, an acade- 
my, a banking house, 4 churches — 1 Presbyte- 
rian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist — 30 
stores, 1 steam furnace and machine shop, 1 
woollen fac, 1 flouring m., 4 saw m., 1 axe fac, 
1 plaster m., 1 tannery, 1 pail and tub fac, 2 
printing offices, 300 dwellings, and about 1,800 
inhabitants. There are in the t. 36 stores, cap. 
$196,000; 2 printing oflices, 2 weekly newspa- 
pers, 8 grist m., 52 saw m., 2 oil. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $93,681. 1 acad. 268 students, 1,399 schol- 
ars in schools. Pop. 5,310. 

Owen, county, Ky. Situated in the n. part of 
the state, and contains 320 sq. ms. Kentucky r. 
runs on its s. w. border. Drained by Eagle cr. 
Capital, New Liberty. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 5,726, sheep 11,810, swine 19,800; wheat 
61,020 bush, produced, rye 3,913, Ind. corn 
368,575, oats 59,965, potatoes 8,357, tobacco 
776,969 pounds, sugar 18,457 ; 13 stores, cap. 
$86,100; 2 tanneries, 1 flouring m., 11 grist m., 
12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $24,018. 17 sch. 
511 scholars. Pop. whites 6,915, slaves 1,281, 
free col'd 36 ; total 8,23.!. 

Owen, county, la. Situated a little s. w. of 
the centre of the state, and contains 396 sq. ms. 
The surface is gently undiilating ; soil, fertile 
and well timbered. Watered by the w. fork of 
White r. and its tributaries, and 5lill cr., a branch 
of Eel r., which afford extensive water povver, in 
the vicinity of which is iron ore. Capital, Spen- 
cer. There were in 1840, neat cattle tS,450, sheep 
9,578, swine 24,971 ; wheat 47,082 busii. produced, 
rye 1,990, Ind. corn 387,050, oats 45,26.5, potatoes 
11,969, tobacco 41,744 pounds, sugar 69,131; 19 
stores, cap. $39,125; 1 woollen fac, 4 tanneries, 
8 distilleries, 1 flouring m.,25 grist m., 16 sawm., 
1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $29,565. 19 sch. 558 
scholars. Pop. 8,359. 

Owen Hill, p-o., Williamson co., Tenn. 

Owen's, p-o., Scott co., Ky., 26 n. e. Frank- 
fort, 536 W. 

OwENsuoRo', p-v., and capital of Daviess co., 
Ky., 166 w. s. w. Frankfort, 6J3 W. Situated on 
the s. side of Ohio r., and contains a court house, 
a church, 5 stores, and about 200 inhabitants. 

Owen's Station, p-o., St. Louis co.. Mo., 126 
E. by N. Jefferson City, 822 W. 

OwENsviLLE, p-v., Somers t., Westchester co., 
N. Y., 115 s. Albany, 283 W. Situated on Cro- 
ton r., and contains 1 store, 1 paper m., 1 grist m., 



OXF 



507 



OXF 



1 saw m., 1 clothier's works, and 15 or 20 dwell- 
ings. 

OwENsviLLK, p-o., Stonclick t., Clermont cc, 
O., 100 s. w. Columbus, 471 W. 

OwEN'sviLi.K, p-v., Gib.son co., la., 152 s. w. 
Indianapolis, 722 W. 

OwENsviLLE, p-v., Sampson co., N. C, 84 s. 
s. E. Raleigh, 336 W. 

OwENsviLLE, p-v., SalLnc co., Ark., 33 s. w. 
Little Rock, 1,098 W. 

OWENSVILLE, p-0., ClajT CO., 3Io., 174 W. N. w. 
Jefferson City, 1,0S7 VV. 

OwENTON, p-v., Owen co., Ky,, 28 N. Frank- 
fort, 551 W. 

Owing's Mills, p-o., Baltimore co., Md., 42 
N. Annapolis, 52 W. 

OwiNGSviLLE, p-o., Anne Arundel co., Md. 

OwiXGSviLLE, p-v., capital of Bath co., Ky., 
73 E. Frankfort, 49J W. Situated a little vv. of 
Slate cr., a branch of Licking r. It contains a 
court house, 2 stores, and 251 inhabitants. 

Owl Creek, po., Knox co., O. 

Owl Prairie, p-o., Daviess co., la., 90 s. w. 
Indianapoli-s 657 W. 

Oxbow, p-v., Antwerp t., Jefferson co., N. Y., 
176 N. w. Albany, 445 W. Situated on Oswe- 
gatchie r., and contain.^ 1 church, 3 stores, 1 grist 
m., 1 savvm., 1 pocket furnace, 30 dwellings, and 
about 200 inhabitants. 

Oxford, county. Me. Situated in the w. part 
of the state, and contains 1,600 sq. ms. It con- 
tains a number of lakes in the n. part, connected 
together, which flow into Umbagog lake, and 
thence into the Androscoggin r., by which and 
its branches, and by Saco r., it is drained. The 
surface is generally rough, and in some parts 
mountainous ; but much of the soil is fertile 
Capital, Paris. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
24,995, sheep 63,507, swine 8,229 ; wheat 66,696 
bush, produced, rye 29,312, Ind. corn 83,339, 
buckwheat 4,852, barley 7,075, oats 110,172, pota- 
toes 669,684, sugar 19,158 pounds ; 59 stores, cap. 
$51,258; 1 furnace, 10 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 
26 tanneries, 6 flouring m., 37 grist in., 03 saw 
m., 3 oil m., 1 paper fac, 1 printing ofHce, 1 week- 
ly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $129,444. 8 
acad. 359 students, 309 sch. 14,330 sciiolars. Pop. 
38,351. 

O.VFORD, p-t., Oxford CO., 3Ie., 50 s. w. Augus- 
ta, 582 W. The soil is much of it fertile, adapted 
to grain. Drained by Little Androscoggin r. It 
has a considerable pond in the s. part, which 
flows into the r. It has 5 stores, cap. $3,400 ; 1 
tannery, 1 flouring ni., 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $4,940. 12 sch. 516 scholars. Pop. 1,254. 

Oxford, p-t., Worcester co., Mass., 52 w. Bos- 
ton, 394 VV. The surface is uneven ; soil, a fer- 
tile gravelly loam. VV'atered by French r., a 
branch of Quinnebaug r., which affords extensive 
water power, and on which are extensive manu- 
factories. It contains a Congrcgationalist and a 
Universalist church. The v. is on one extended 
street, running n. and s. Many of its early set- 
tlers were French Huguenots, Irom near Rochelle, 
in France. There are in the t. 9 stores, cap. 
$18,3J0 ; 3 woollen fac, 4 grist m., 6 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $266,450. 1 acad. 30 students, 
11 sch. SOU scholars. Pop. 1,742. 

Oxford, p-t.. New Haven co., Ct., 55 s. w. 
Hartford, 309 VV. The surface is uneven ; soil, 
a fertile gravelly loam. Housatonic r. runs on its 
s. w. border. Drained by Naugatuck r. and a 
branch, which affords water power. The v. con- 
tains 2 churches — 1 Congregational and 1 Episco- 
pal. There are in the t. 5 stores, cap. $8,900 ; 
4 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 2 distil- 
leries, 2 grist m., 7 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. 



,$55,900. 1 acad. 25 students, 13 sch. 482 scholars. 
Pop. 1,626. 

Oxford, p-t., Chenango co., N. Y., 10 s. Nor- 
wich, 109 w. Albany, 3i8 W. The surface is 
rolling; soil, fertile and well cultivated. Water- 
ed by Chenango r., along which passe.s Chenan- 
go canal. The v. is pleasantly situated on both 
sides of Chenango r. Incorporated in 1808, and 
contains 5 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 
1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, and 1 Universalist; an 
academy, 21 stores, 2 forwarding houses, 1 grist 
m., 1 plaster m., 1 iron foundry, 1 tannery, sever- 
al carriage fac, 2 printing offices, 180 dwellings, 
and about 1,300 inhabitants. The Chenango 
canal passes through the v. There are in the t. 
17 store.", cap. $6-',50U ; 5 fulling m., 1 woollen 
fac, 2 acad., 3:19 students, 25 sch. 902 scholars. 
Pop. 3,179. 

Oxford, t., Warren co., N. J. The surface is 
broken and mountainous, with fertile valleys. 
Delaware r. runs on its w. border. Drained by 
Pequest cr. and its tributary, Beaver brook, which 
afford water power. It contains Belvidere v., 
the capital of the co., and several other villages. 
It has 12 stores, cap. $52,000 ; 2 tanneries, 4 dis- 
tilleries, 2 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$29,800. 12 sch. Si2 scholars. Pop. 2,853. 

Oxford, p-v., Chester co.. Pa., 41 s. w. Phila- 
delphia, 69 E. s. E. Harrisburg, 98 VV. It contains 
a Presbyterian church, 2 stores, and 15 or 20 
dwellings. 

Oxford, t., Philadelphia co,, Pa. Bounded s. 
E. by Delaware r. The surface is a gentle de- 
clivity; soil, sandy loam. Watered by Taconycr., 
which affords water power, and Sissisocksink 
cr. It contains Frankford b. It contains an in- 
sane asylum, established by the society of 
Friends, "and a United States arsenal. It has 40 
stores, cap. $33,030 ; 3 lumber yards, cap. $32,000 ; 
3 cotton fac. 2,472 sp., 1 tannery, 1 brewery, 1 
pottery. Cap. in manufac. $254,050. 6 sch. 313 
scholars. Pop. 1,582. 

Oxford, collection dist., Md. Tonnage, 1840, 
13,926. 

Oxford, p-t., Butler co., O., 105 w. s. w. Co- 
lumbus, 502 W. The land belongs in fee simple 
to the Miami University, which is located in the 
t. The land was given by the congress of the 
United States, and now yields an income of over 
§4,500 annually, and is constantly increasing. 
The universitv was founded in 1809, and con- 
tains a president and 5 professors or other in- 
structors—has 279 alumni, of whom 80 have been 
ministers of the gospel— has 139 students, and 
4,352 vols, in its libraries. The commencement is 
on the second Thursday in August. It has 1 acad. 
162 students, 9 sch. 264 scholars. Pop. 3,333. 

Oxford, t., Coshocton co., O. It has 3 stores, 
cap. $2,290. Pop. 760. 

Oxford, t., Delaware co., O. It has 2 sch. 66 
scholars. Pop. 771. 

Oxford, I., Frie co., O. Pop. 736. 

Oxford, t., Guernsey co., O. It has 6 sch. 240 
scholars. Pop. 2,252. 

Oxford, t., Tuscarawas co., O. It has 3 com- 
mission houses, cap. $2,000 ; 5 stores, cap. $10,800 ; 
1 tannery, 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 2 saw m. 
Cap. in manufiic. $1,000. 7 sch. 293 scholars. 
Pop. 826. 

Oxford, p-t., Oakland co., Mich., 42 n w. De- 
troit, 565 VV. Pop. 574. 

Oxford, p-v., capital of Granville co., N. C, 
45 x. Raleigh, 256 W. Situated on the w. side 
of Fishing cr., 6 ms. n. Tar r. It contains a court 
house, jail, market house, hospital, 2 academies, 
3 churches— 1 Episcopal, 1 Jlethodist, 1 Presby- 
terian — and 450 inhabitants. 



PAG 



508 



PAI 



Oxford, p-v., Henry co., III., 122 n. n. w. 
Springfield, 851 W. 

Oxford, p-v., and capital of La Fayette ro.. 
Miss., 160 N. .\. K. Jackson, 911 VV. It contains 
a court house and a few dwellings. 

O.VFORD Furnace, p-v., Oxford t., Warren co., 
N. J., 52 N. by VV. Trenton, 210 W. Situated on 
a branch of Pequest cr., near the E. line of the 
t. A furnace was erected here over 70 years 
since. It has recently been rebuilt. Aijundance 
of iron ore is found in the vicinity, which is mag- 
netic, enclosed in walls of rotten mica. It is very 
rich, and easily smelted. 

OvsTER B.w, p-t.. Queens co., N. Y., 132 s. by 
E. Albany, 262 W. It is a large t., extending 
across Long Island from n. to s. The surface on 
the N. is somewhat hilly ; soil, loam and stony ; 
on the s. it is level and sandy. On the n. is a 
bay of the same name in Long Island sound. 
On the s. is Great South Bay, which sets up from 
the Atlantic. The v. is pleasantly situated at 
the head of Oyster bay, and contains 1 Baptist 
and 1 Friends church, 4 stores, 1 grist m., 60 
dwelling^!, and about 401) inhabitants. Several 
sloops and a steamboat ply to New York. It is 
a very pleasant summer residence. There are 
in the t. 14 stores, cap. $48,009; 1 lumber yard, 
cap. $1,500; 4 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 1 tan- 
nery, 8 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$30'750. 1 acad. 30 students, 20 sch. 809 scholars. 
Pop. 5,865. 



Oyster B.\y, N. Y.. sets up from Long Island 
sound, and is connected with Oyster Bay harbor 
and Cold Spring harbor. It abounds with wild 
fowl, and shell and scale fish. 

Oyster Bay South, p-v., Oyster Bay t., 
Queens co., N. Y., 179 s. by e. Albany, 259 
VV. 

Oyster Pond,v., Southold t., SuflTolk-, co., N. Y. 
Situated on Oyster Pond harbor, and contains 2 
churches, several stores, 50 dwellings, and about 
300 inhabitants. It has several sloops and 
schooners which trade to New York. (See 
Orient.) 

OzAN, t., Hempstead co.. Ark. It has 11 stores, 
cap. $116,400; 2 tanneries, 1 printing office, 1 
weekly newspaper, 4 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $7,200. 1 acad. 38 students, 1 sch. 35 
scholars. Pop. 1,403. 

Ozark, county, Mo. Situated on the southern 
border of the state, and contains 1,200 sq. ms. 
Drained by the n. fork of White r. Capital, 
Ozark C. H. 

Ozark, p-v., capital of Franklin co.. Ark., 12) 
N. w. Little Rock, 1,186 W. Situated on the n. 
side of Arkansas r., and contains a court house, 
and several stores and dwellings. 

Ozark, p-v., Greene co., Mo., 172 s. s. w. Jef- 
ferson City, 1,089 W. 

Ozark, C. IL, v., Ozark co.. Mo., 140 s. Jeffer- 
son City. Situated on the e. side of the n. fork 
of White r. 



P. 



Pace's, p-o., Barren co., Ky., 124 s. w. Frank- 
fort, 660 W. 

Pacific Ocean, the, forms the w. boundary 
of the United States, and therefore deserves a 
passing notice in this work. It lies between 
Asia and America, having a breadth of over 
10,000 miles. It was first navigated by Magel- 
lan, who entered it through the dangerous strait 
which bears his name ; and, after entering it, in 
sailing for 3 months and 20 days without seeing 
land, until he arrived at the Ladrone Islands, 
enjoying an uninterrupted course of fine weather, 
he named it the Pacific Ocean, though it is not less 
exposed to storms, in many parts, than the Atlan- 
tic. From its apparent situation, on its first dis- 
covery, from the Isthmus of Darien, it obtained 
the name of the Great South Sea, but this name 
is now obsolete. It is generally divided into the 
N. and s. Pacific, tlie equator being the dividing 
line between thera. 

Packitta, p-v., Early co., Ga., 166 s. w. Mil- 
ledgeville, 823 W. 

Pack's Ferry, p-o., Monroe co., Va. 
Pacolet, r., N. and S. C, rises in the Blue 
Ridge in N. C, and enters Broad r., in Union 
dist., S. C, at Pinkeyville. 

Pactolus, p-o., Pitt CO., N. C, 114 e. Raleigh, 
300 W. 

Paddock's Grove, p-o., Madison co.. 111., 67 s. 
Springfield, 801 W. 

Paddy's Run, p-o., Morgan t., Butler co O., 
114 w. s. w. Columbus, 502 W. 

Paddytown, p-v., Hampshire co., Va., 213 n. 
N. w. Richmond, 141 W. Situated on the Poto- 
mac r. 

Paducah, p-v., capital of McCracken co., Ky., 
234 w. s. w. Frankfort, 816 W. Situated on the 
s. bank of the Ohio r., immediately below the en- 
trance of the Tennessee r. It contains a court 
house, 15 or 20 stores, and about 1,000 inhab- 
itants. 
Page, county, Va. Situated toward the n. e. 



part of the state, and contains 160 sq. ms. The 
Blue Ridge forms its e. boundary. Drained by 
the s. fork of Shenandoah r. The surface is 

fenerally hilly ; soil, mostly fertile. Capital, 
lUray. There were in 1810, neat cattle 
5,300, sheep 5,223, swine 12,517; wheat 105,199 
bushels produced, rye 29,8-16, Ind. corn 155,784, 
buckwheat 1,412, oats 2 J, 166, potatoes 14,742, 
tobacco 6,588 pounds; 11 stores, cap. $99,000; 2 
furnaces, 5 forges, 5 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 21 
flouring m., 14 grist m., 40 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. 
in manulac. $S6,785. 11 sch. 257 scholars. Pop. 
whites 5,195, slaves 781, free col'd 216; total, 
6,194. 

Pagesville, p-v., Newberry dist., S. C, 49 
w. n. w. Columbia, 514 W. 

Pahaquarrv, t., Warren co., N. J., 15 n. Bel- 
videre. It lies between Blue mountain and Dela- 
ware r., which bounds it w. and s. w. 'I'ne sur- 
face is mountainous, excepting on the r., where 
it is fertile bottom land. The Delaware Water 
Gap, where the r. passes Blue mountain, is on its 
s. w. boundary. A road has been cut out of the 
mountain through the Gap, without which it was 
nearly impassable on the Jersey side. There 
are in the t. 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $10,900. Pop. 370. 

Paincourtville, p-v.. Assumption par.. La., 
81 w. New Orleans, 1,218. 

Pain's Hollow, p-o., German Flats t., Herki- 
mer CO., N. Y., 74 w. n. w. Albany, 385 W. 

Painsville, p-v., Amelia co., Va., 49 s. w 
Richmond, 166 W. It contains 1 Baptist church 
and about 60 inhabitants. In the vicinity are 1 
Presbyterian and 1 Methodist church, 2 stores, 
and a cotton fac. 

Painsville, p-v., capital of Lake co., O., 30 e. 
Cleveland, 179 n. e. Columbus, 349 W. It is 
bounded by Lake Erie on the n. Drained by 
Grand r. It contains within its boundaries the 
small villages called cities of Fairport and Rich- 
mond, at the mouth of the r. The v. is situated 



PAL 



509 



PAL 



near the centre, on a high bank of (iranH r., and 
contains a court house, jail, 3 churches — 1 I'res- 
byterian, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Methodist — a bank- 
ing house for the bank of Geauga, 25 stores, 1 
flouring m., 1 saw in., 1 furnace. Fairport, 2 ms. 
N., may be regarded as its port, where is a good 
harbor, and which is connected with I'ainsville by 
a railroad. There are in the t. 53 stores, cap. 
.$41,100 : 1 furnace, 1 tannery, 2 printing offices, 
3 weekly newspapers, 2 grist m., 5 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. §10,940. 1 acad. 120 students, 
9 sch. 975 scholars. Pop. 2,580. 

Paivt, t., Venango co.. Pa. It has 1 furnace, 
1 distillery, 2 grist m., 3 saw ni. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $2,650. Pop. 491. 

Paint, t., Somerset co., Pa. It has 1 fulling 
m., 3 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap in manufac. 
$1,650. Pop. 487. 

Paint, cr., aw. branch of Scioto r., rises in 
Madison co. and enters the Scioto, 5 miles below 
Chilicothe. It is about 60 ms. long. 

Paint, t.. Holmes county, O. Watered by a 
branch of Sugar cr. It has 1 grist m., 2 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $6,810. Pop. 1,361. 

P\INT, t.. Highland co., O. It has 6 sch. 410 
scholars. Pop. 2,560. 

Paint, t., layette co., O. It contains the vil- 
lage of Bloomingburg. The soil is fertile, adapt- 
ed to grazing. It has 3 stores, cap. $30,000 ; 1 
saw m., cap. $3,500. 9 sch. 360 scholars. Pop. 
1,210. 

Paint, t., Ross co., O. Watered on the w. 
and s. by Paint cr., and in the middle by Buck- 
skin cr. Pop. 1,380. 

Paint, t., Wayne co., O., 95 n. e. Columbus. 
It contains the villages of Mount Eaton and 
West Lebanon. It has 6 stores, cap. $9,800 ; 3 
tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 flouring m., 5 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $4,430. Pop. 1,610. 

Paint Creek, p-o., Kanawha co., Va. 

Paint Creek, p-o., Floyd co., Ky., 160 e. s. 
E. Frankfort, 466 W. 

Paint Creek, p-o., Washtenaw co., Mich., 36 
w. Detroit, 5 1 1 W . 

Painted Post, p-t., Steuben co., N. Y., 22 s. 
E. Bath, 210 w. s. w. Albany. The surface is 
iiilly ; soil, gravelly loam, highly productive on 
the streams. Here commences a navigable 
feeder of the Chemung canal. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $7,000 ; 1 grist m., 27 saw m. Cap in man- 
ufac. $21,750. 1 acad. 120 students, 10 sch. 463 
scholars. Pop. 1,674. 

Painted Post, p-%'., Erwin t., Steuben co., 
N. Y., 212 w. by s. Albany, 2S6 W. Situated 
at the junction of Conhocton and Tioga rivers, 
which here form Chemung r. It contains 1 
Presbyterian church, 8 stores, 1 flouring m., 1 
saw ra., 1 plaster m., 1 tannery, 60 dwellings, and 
about 450 inliabitanls. The falls in the r. here 
afford great water power. The New York and 
Erie railroad is laid through the place. It is on 
the site of an ancient Indian burying ground, and 
derives its name from a painted post erected by 
them in memory of a distinguished chief, and the 
inhabitants have perpetuated a similar post on 
the same spot. Tiiree ms. n. is a mineral spring 
of some celebrity. 

Painter's Cross Roads, p-o., Birmingham t., 
Delaware county, Pa., 80 e. by s. Harrisburg, 
114 W. 

Paint Lick, p-o., Garrard co., Ky., 62 s. s. e. 
Frankfort, 560 W. 

Palatine, p-t., Montgomery co., N. Y., 56 w. 
N. w. Albany, 390 W. The surface is hilly. 
On the N. side of the Mohawk is the promontory 
called " Anthony's Nose." The soil is generally 
fertile. Drained by Garoga creek flowing into 



the Mohawk, which bounds it on the s. The 
V. contains 1 Liuheran church, 1 store, 1 grist m., 
1 saw m., 1 plaster m., 1 lead pipe fac, and 12 or 
15 dwellings. There are in the t. 2 stores, cap. 
$4,500; 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$1,500. 3 sch. 115 scholars. Pop. 2,823. 

Palatine Bridge, p-v.. Palatine t., Mont- 
gomery CO., N. Y., 51 w. N. w. Albany, 394 W. 
Situated on the n. side of Mohawk r., opposite 
the V. of Canajoharie, with which it is connect- 
ed by a bridge. It contains 1 church, 3 stores, 30 
dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. Here is a 
fine quarry of building stone. 

Palatine Hill, p-o., Monongalia co., Va., 
277 N. w. Richmond, 210 W. 

Palenville, p-o., Greene co., N. Y., 54 s. w 
Albany, 360 W. 

Palermo, p-t., Waldo co.. Me., 19 e. N.E.Au- 
gusta, 614 W. It contains a large pond, with 
which 3 smaller ones are connected, and the 
outlet forms a head branch of Sheepscot r. The 
surface is undulating; soil, fertile, adapted to 
grain. Incorporated in 1804. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $11,000; 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in 
m.anufac. $19,000. 13 sch. 537 scholars. Pop. 
1,534. 

Palermo, p-t., Oswego co., N. Y., 15 s. e. 
Oswego, 157 w. N. w. Albany, 380 W. The 
surface is undulating ; soil, sandy loam. Drained 
by Catfish cr. It has 3 stores, cap. $45,100 ; 11 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,500. 15 sch. 695 
scholars. Pop. 1,92^. 

Palestine, p-o., Alleghany co., N. Y., 279 
w. by s. Albany, 324 W. 

Palesti.ne, p-v., Greenbrier co., Va. 

Palestine, p-o., Morgan co., Ga., 49 n. w. 
Milledgeville, 633 W. 

Palestine, p-v., Hickman co., Tenn., 68 s. w. 
Nashville, 745 W. 

Palestine, p-o., Adams co.. Miss., 110 s. w. 
Jackson, 1,120 W. 

Palestine, p-o., Washington par., La., 65 n. 
New Orleans, 1,132 W. 

Palestine, p-v., Darby t., Pickaway co., O., 
29 s. Columbus, 422 W. Situated on Deer cr., 
and contains 2 stores, 20 dwellings, and about 
100 inhabitants. 

Palestine, v., LTnity t., Columbiana co., O. 
It has 1 sch. 55 scholars. Pop. 83. 

Palestine, p-v., Kosciusko co., la., 119 n. 
Indianapolis, 610 W. 

Palesti.ne, p-v., capital of Craw-Oard co.. 111., 
155 s. E. Springfield, 639 W. Situated 3 ms. from 
Wabash r., on the borders of Lamotte prairie. It 
contains a court house, a U. S. land office, 2 
churches, 8 stores, various mechanic shop.s, and 
about 500 inhabitants. 

Palesti.ne, p-v.. Cooper co., Mo., 42 w. n. w. 
.lefferson City, 974 W. There are in the t. 3 
sch. 107 scholars. Pop. 1,351. 

Palisades, are a lofty range of precipitous 
rocks along the w. bank of the Hudson r., ex- 
tending for the distance of 20 ms. They are, in 
some places, from 300 to 500 feet high, almost 
perpendicular, and present one of the grand fea- 
tures of the fine scenery on this interesting r. 

Pall Mall, p o., Fentress co., Tenn., 120 e. 
Nashville, 592 W. 

Palmer, p-t., Hampden co., Mass., 81 w. 
Boston, 391 W. The surface is hilly : soil, fer- 
tile, particularly along the streams. Watered by 
Ware and Swift rivers, which afford water 
power. The village, at the centre, contains a 
Congregational church, and 12 or 15 dwellings. 
In the s. w. part of the t. is a manufacturing v., 
at the junction of Ware and Swift rivers to ibrm 
Chicopee r., which contains a Baptist church and 



PAL 



510 



PAN 



about 25 dwellings. There are in the t. 8 stores, 
cap. $33,000 ; 2 cotton fac. 22,000 sp., 3 grist ni., 
li saw ni. Cap. in manufac. 1^315,700. 14 sch. 
350 scholars. Pop. 2,13d. 

Palmer Depot, p-v., Palmer t., Hampden 
Mass., 77 w. Boston, 378 W. On the line of the 
Boston and Albany railroad, in the e. part of the 
t., and contain.s a satinet fac. and a number of 
dwellings. 

Palmkr's Springs, p-o., Mecklenburg co., Va., 
102 s. w. Richmond, 218 W. 

Palaieii's Tavern, p-o.. Prince Georges co., 
Md., 50 s. w. Annapoli-s, 10 W. 

Pal.mertowx, mts., N. Y., is a range com- 
mencing in the n. w.part of Washington county, 
and extending in a southerly direction between 
Lake Champlain and Lake George, through a 
part of Warren and Saratoga cos. Their highest 
summits are from 1,000 to 1,200 feet. 

Palmvra, p-t., Somerset co.. Me., 49 n. n. e. 
Augusta, 644 W. The surface is undulating; 
.soil, very fertile, adapted to grain. Drained by 
Sebasticook r., which atli)rds good water power. 
It has 2 stores, cap. $3,000 ; 1 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $1,650. 11 sch. 629 scholars. Pop. 
1,500. 

Palmyra, p-t., Wayne co., N. Y., 195 w. by 
N. Albany, 352 W. The surface is slightly 
uneven ; soil, a fertile calcareous loam, adapted 
to grain. Drained by Mud cr., which affords 
some water power. The v. is situated on the 
Erie canal, and contains 4 churches — 1 Presby- 
terian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist — 
an academy, 36 stores of different kinds, 1 steam 
grist m., 1 furnace, 2 carriage *'ac., various me- 
chanic shops, 400 dwellings, and about 2,000 m- 
habitants. The main street is over a mile long, 
touchmg the canal at both ends, and finely or- 
namented with trees. There are in the t. 20 
stores, cap. $69,31)0 ; 2 tanneries, 1 printing office, 
1 weekly newspaper, 1 fulling m., 3 grist m., 5 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $83,450. 2 acad. 77 
students, 15 sch. 662 scholars. Pop. 3,549. 

Palmyra, p-v., Londonderry t., Lebanon co.. 
Pa., 14 E. Harrisburg, 124 W. It contains 3 
stores, and about 30 dwellings. 

Palmyra, p-v., capital of Fluvanna co., Va., 
62 w. N. w. Richmond, 136 W. Situated on 
Rivanna r., 14 m.<. from its entrance into James r. 
It contains a court house, jail, 1 Methodist church, 
1 store, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m., 1 woollen fac, 
and about 15 dwellings. A handsome bridge 
here crosses Rivanna r. 

Palmyra, p-v., Halifax co., N. C, 115 n. e. 
Raleigh, 239 W. Situated on the w. side of 
Roanoke r. 

Palmyra, p-v., Lee co., Ga., 128 s. w. Mil- 
ledgeville, 785 W. 

Palmyra, p-v., Montgomery co., Tenn., 37 n. 
w. Nashville, 744 W. 

Palmyka, t., Wayne co.. Pa. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $500 ; 5 sch. 97 scholars. Pop. 427. 

Palmyra, p-t.. Portage co., O., 152 n. e. Co- 
lumbu.s, 310 W. It has 6 sch. 192 scholars. 
Pop. 1,359. 

Palmyra, p-v., Harrison co., la., 116 s. Indian- 
apolis, 620 W. 

Palmyra, p-t., Lenawee co., Mich., 75 s. w. 
Detroit, 493 W. Watered by Raisin r. and Bear 
cr. The soil is fertile, adapted to grain. The 
V. is pleasantly situated on the Raisin r., which 
affords extensive water power, and it contains 2 
stores, 1 flouring m., and 1 saw m. The t. has 
1 distillery, 1 flouring m., 3 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $64,500. 8 schools. Pop. 82s. 

Palmyra, p-v., capital of Marion co.. Mo., Ill 
N. N. w. Jefferson City, 925 W. Situated 8 ms. 



from the Missouri r., and contains a court house, 
jail, 3 handsome brick churches — 1 Presbyterian, 
1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist — a United States land 
office, and 2 printing offices, each issuing a 
weekly newspaper. iVlarion college is 12 ms. w., 
and the Lower college 6 ms. s. Both are man- 
ual labor institutions. 

Pamaiio, p-o., Jones co., Iowa. 

Pamklia, t., Jefl^crson co., N. Y., 4 n. Water- 
town, 168 N. w. Albany. The surface is gener- 
ally level ; soil, fertile and well cultivated. Wa- 
tered by Perch r. and Black r., which runs on 
its s. border. It has 6 stores, cap. $44,150; 2 
fulling m., 1 cotton fac. 2,424 sp., 2 tanneries, 2 
grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $61,828. 
16 sch. 780 scholars. Pop. 2, 104. 

Pamklia Four Corners, p-o., Pamelia t., 
Jefferson co., N. Y., 172 n. w. Albany, 424 W. 

Pamlico, r., N. C., is that part of Tar r. below 
Washington, Beaufort co. It is a broad estuary 
40 ms. long, and from 1 to 8 broad, which enters 
Pamlico sound, and has a depth of water suffi 
cient for any vessels which navigate the sound. 

Pamlico Sounb, N. C, is a shallow body of 
water 80 ms. long, and from 8 to 30 ms. wide. 
It is separated from the ocean by long sandy 
islands, scarcely 1 m. wide, covered with bushes, 
the outer point of one of which is Cape Hat- 
teras. The principal entrance to it is Ocracoke 
inlet. It is connected with Albemarle sound in 
its N. part. The land around it is low, and in 
some places marshy. It receives Tar and 
Neuse rivers. 

Pamunkv, r., Va., is formed by the union of 
North and South Anna rivers, between Hanover 
and Caroline counties, and unites with Matlapony 
r. between New Kent and King William cos., 
to form York r. 

Pampack Eddy, p-o., Wayne co., Pa. 

Panama, p-o.. Harmony t., Chautauque co., 
N. Y., 345 w. by s. Albany, 324 W. 

Panama, p-o., Carroll co., 111., 199 n. Spring- 
field, 862 W. 

Panhandle, p-o., Stewart co., Ga., 149 s. w. 
Milledgeville, 7S5 W. 

Panola, county, Miss. Situated in the n. w. 
part of the state, and contains 760 sq. ms. Drain- 
ed by Tallahatchee and Cold Water rivers. 
Capital, Panola. There were in 1840, neat cat- 
tle 7,353, sheep 1,189, swine 15,092; 'wheat 2,041 
bush, produced, Ind. corn 231,250, oats 6,125, 
potatoes 3,600, tobacco 4,000 pounds, cotton 
463,v572 ; 13 stores, cap. $54,050 ; 1 tannery, 5 
grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $13,400. 
4 sch. 92 scholars. Pop. whites 2,237, slaves 
2,415, free col'd 5; total, 4,657. 

Panola, p-v., capital of Panola co., Miss., 161 
N. Jackson, 939 W. Situated on the s. side of 
Tallahatchee r. It contains a court house, and 
about 100 inhabitants. 

Pantego, p-o., Beaufort co., N. C, 156 e. by 
s. Raleigh, 342 W. 

Panther Creek, p-o., Surry co., N. C, 125 
w. N. w. Raleigh, 336 W. 

Panther Creek, Morgan co.,Ill., 40 w. s. w. 
Springfield, 820 W. 

Panther Gap, po., Rockbridge co., Va., 170 
w. Richmond, 212 W. 

Panther Springs, p-o., JeflTerson co., Tenn., 
220 E. Nashville, 464 W. 

Pantherville, p-o., De Kalb co., Ga., 87 n. 
w. Milledgeville, 6S2 W. 

Panton, p-t, Addison co., Vt., 71 w. s. w. 
Montpelier, 494 W. The surface is level. Wa- 
tered by a small branch of Otter Creek r. Lake 
Champlain bounds it on the vv. Chartered in 
1764, but not settled until after the revolutionary 



PAR 



511 



PAR 



war. It has 1 acad. 9 students, 4 sch. 110 schol- 
ars. Pop. 670. 

Paoli, p-v., Fredypin t., Chester Co., Pa., 78 
E. s. E. Marrisbui-s;, I'iS W. Situated 16 ms. w. 
by N. from Phihiclelphia, on tlie railroad to Lan- 
caster. Two ms. s. w. of this place is the bailie 
ground where Gen. Wayne was defeated by a 
superior British force under Gen. Grey, Sept. 
20lli, 1777, when many Americans were shot 
down after they had surrendered. A suitable 
monument has been erected on the spot to iheir 
memory, and the adjoining field is appropriated 
lo a military parade ground. 

Faoi.i, p-v., capital of Orange co., la., 94 s. by 
w. Indianapolis, 625 VV. Situated on Lick cr., 
and contains a court house, jail, a brick seminary, 
6 stores, various mechanic shops, 1 oil m., 1 cot- 
ton fac, 2 flouring m., 1 of them moved by horse 
power, 1 fulling m., and about 45'J inhabitants. 

Paper Mill Village, pv., Cheshire co , N. 
H., 57 s. w. Concord, 454 W. 

Pafertown, p-v., Cumberland co.. Pa. 

Paperville, p-v., Sullivan co., Tenn., 309 e. 
Nashville, 334 W. Situated on a branch of 
Holston r. 

Paraclifta, p-v., capital of Sevier co.. Ark., 
142 s. vv. by w. Little Rock, 1,207 W. Situated 
on N. side of Little r., a branch of Red r. It con- 
tains a court house and a few dwellings. 

Paradise, p-v., Strasburg t., Lancaster co.. 
Pa., 52 w. Philadelphia, 46 e. s. e. Harrisburg, 
119 W. It contains 1 store, and 12 or 15 dwellings. 

Paradise, t., York co.. Pa. It has 5 stores, 
cap. $14,000 ; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 9 dis- 
tilleries, 6 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$17,200. 3 sch. 90 scholars. Pop. 2,117. 

Paradise, p-v., Cole co.,Ill., 81 e. Springfield, 
703 W. Situated hear the head of Little Wa- 
bash r. 

Paradox Lake, N. Y., lies in Schroon t., 
Essex CO.. 4 miles long, and from half a mile to 

1 m. wide. There are many small lakes in the 
vicinity. 

Paradox, p-o., Schroon t., Essex co., N. Y., 
105 N. Albany, 480 W. 

Parkham's Store, p-o., Sussex co., Va., 45 
s. s. e. Richmond. 

Paris, p-t., capital of Oxford co., Me., 39 w. 
by s. Augusta, 593 W. The surface is uneven ; 
soil, fertile, adapted to grain. Watered by Lit- 
tle Androscoggin r., which affords water power. 
It contains a pleasant v., which has a court house, 
jail, and considerable trade. Incorporated in 
1793. It has 10 stores, cap. $10,75S ; 1 woollen 
fac, 4 tanneries, 1 paper fac, 1 printing office, 1 
weekly newspaper, 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $27,295. 17 sch. 1,060 scholars. 
Pop. 2,454. 

Paris, p-t., Oneida co., N. Y., 8 s. Utica, 96 w. 
N. w. Albany, 378 W. The surface is elevated 
and undulating ; soil, sandy and calcareous loam, 
generally well cultivated. Drained by Sada- 
quada cr., which affords good water power. The 
v., called Paris Hill, is situated on elevated 
ground, and contains 3 churches — 1 Presbyte- 
rian, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Methodist— 2 stores, and 
150 inhabitants. There are in the t. 7 stores, 
cap. $16,900; 2 fulling m., 3 cotton fac. 4,152 sp., 

2 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 2 paper fac, 5 grist m., 
12 saw m. Cap. in manufac §152,400. 1 acad. 
47 students, 15 sch. 864 scholars. Pop. 2,844. 

Paris, p-o., Washington co., Pa., 232 w. Har- 
risburg, 257 W. 

Paris, p-v., Fauquier co., Va., 129 n. by w. 
Richmond, 59 W. It contains 1 church, free to 
all denominations, 3 stores, and about 25 dwell- 
ings. 



Paris, p-v., capital of Henry co., Tenn., 98 w. 
Nashville, 784 W. Situated on the s. side of a 
branch of Little Sandy r., which flows into Ten- 
nessee r. It contains a court house, several 
stores, and about 250 inhabitants. 

Paris, p-v., capital of Bourbon co., Ky., 35 e. 
Frankfort, 507 W. Situated on the s. fork of 
Licking r. It contains a court house, jail, 2 
churches, 10 stores, 3 acad. 110 students, 2 sch. 
28 scholars, and 1,197 inhabitants. 

Paris, p-v.. Stark t. and co., O., 135 n. e. Co- 
lumbus, 302 W. It has 2 churches, 4 stores, 15 
or 20 mechanic shops, 1 air furnace, 1 tannery, 
50 dwellings, and about 300 inhabitants. 

Paris, t.. Stark co., O. The surface is rolling 
and hilly ; soil, fertile. Drained by Sandy cr., 
which affords water power. It has 977 scholars 
in schools. Pop. 2,474. 

Paris, t.. Portage co., O. Situated in the e. 
part of the co. It has 5 sch. 165 scholars. Pop. 
935. 

Paris, t.. Union co., O. It contains the v. of 
Marysville, the county seat. It has 5 sch. 148 
scholars. Pop. 73'.'. 

Paris, p-v., Jennings co., la., 77 s. s. E. In- 
dianapolis, 578 W. Situated near llie s. fork of 
Muscalatack cr., and contains 3 stores, various 
mechanic shops, and about 150 inhabitants. 

Paris, p-v., capital of Edgar co.. III., 114 e. 
Springfield, 665 W. Situated on the borders of 
a rich prairie, and contains a brick court house, 
9 stores, 60 dwellings, and about 350 inhabitants 

Paris, p-v., capital of Monroe co., Mo., 71 .\". 
Jeflerson City. Situated on s. side of Middle 
fork of Salt r. It contains a court house, 3 
churches, 6 stores, and about 400 inhabitants. 

Parisburg, p-v., capital of Giles co., Va. Sit- 
uated on the s. side of New r., a principal branch 
of Great Kanawha r. (See Giles C. II.) 

Paris Flirn.\ce, p-o., Pari.s t., Oneida co., N. 
Y^, 88 w. .\. w. Albany, 377 W. 

Parisville, p-o., Paris t., Portage co., O., 150 
N. e. Columbus, 313 W. 

Parish, p-t., Osv^-ego co., N. Y'., 22 e. Oswego, 
147 vv. N. w. Albany, 376 W. The surface is 
undulating ; soil, a fertile sandy loam. Drained 
by Salmon cr. and its tributaries. The v. con- 
tains 1 church, 1 store, I grist m., 25 dwellings, 
and about 150 inhabitants. There are in the t. 
2 stores, cap. §7,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 grist m., 4 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,700. 16 sch. 404 
scholars. Pop. 1,513. 

Parish Grove, p-o., Warren co., la., 103 n. 
w. Indianapolis, 664 W. 

Parishville, p-t., St. Lawrence co., N. Y., 15 
E. Canton, 221 .\. w. by n. Albany, 505 W. The 
surface is hilly s., rolling on the .\. ; soil, a warm 
sandy loam. Watered by St. Regis, Racket, 
Grass, and Oswegatchie rivers. The t. is 40 ms. 
long. The v. is situated on St. Regis r., which 
affords water power, and C(mtains I Congrega- 
tional and 1 Baptist church, 3 stores, 1 grist m., 
1 saw m., 2 clothier.s' works, 1 pocket furnace, 1 
tannery, 49 dwellings, and about 3 !0 inhabitants. 
There are in the t. 5 stores, cap. 813,600; 1 fur- 
nace, 1 forge, 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 1 grist m., 6 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $21,900 ; 15 sch. 800 
scholars. Pop. 2,250. 

Parkersburg, p-v., capital of Wood co., Va., 
335 .\. w. by w. Richmond, 3 13 W. Situated on 
the N. side of Little Kanawha r., at its junction 
with Ohio r., opposite to Bel pre in Ohio. It con- 
tains a court house and 10 stores. 

Parke, county, la. Situated in the w. part of 
the state, and contains 450 sq. ms. Surface level ; 
soil, fertile. Wabash r. bounds it on the w. 
Drained by Big and Little Racoon and Sugar 



PAR 



512 



PAS 



creeks. Capital, Rockville. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 14,255, sheep 18,853, swine 43,126; 
wheat 107,188 bush, produced, rye 4,025, Indian 
corn 942,850, oats 137,140, potatoes 23,007, tobac- 
co 15,150 pounds, sugar 125,576; 29 stores, cap. 
$120,500; 1 furnace, 2 fulling m., 11 tanneries, 
21 distilleries, 1 pottery, 9 flouring m., 26 grist m., 
44 saw m., 4 oil m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly 
newspnper. Cap. in manufac. $148,880. 2aead. 
150 students, 54 sch. 1,841 .scholars. Pop. 13,499. 

Parkersburg, p-v., Montgonnery co., la., 44 
w. N. vv. Indianapolis, 615 W. 

Parkersburg, p-v., Richland co., III., 140 s. e. 
Springfield, 740 W. 

Parker's Store, p-o., Franklin co., Ga. 

Parkersville, p-o., Chester co., Pa., 79 e. s. 
E. Harrisburg. 

Parkersburg, p-v., Chester co., Pa., 57 e. s. 
E. Harrisburg, 117 W. 

Park, t., St. Joseph's co., Mich. It has 1 flour- 
ing m., 2 saw m., 5 sch. 85 scholars. Pop. 331. 

Park Head, p-o., Washington co., Md. 

Park Hill, p-v., and missionary station, Che- 
rokee Nation, Indian ter. Situated a little n. of 
Arkansas r. 

Parkison, p-o., Beaver co., Pa. 

Parkman, p-t., Piscataquis co., Me., 71 n. by 
E. Augusta, 666 W. The soil is fertile, adapted 
to grain. Drained by a head branch of Piscata- 
quis r. Incorporated in 1822. It has 3 stores, 
cap. $1,500 ; 1 grist m., 3 saw m., 12 sch. 546 
scholars. Pop. 1,205. 

Parkman, p-t., Geauga co., O., 162 n. e. Co- 
lumbus, 321 W. Situated on head waters of 
Grand r. Drained by a branch of Cuyahoga r., 
which affords good water power. It has 4 saw 
m., 1 acad. 18 students, 3 sch. 123 scholars. 
Pop. 1,181. 

Park's, p-o., Edgefield dist., S. C, 108 w. Co- 
lumbia, 570 W. 

Park's, p-o., Scott co., Iowa. 

Park's Bridge, p-o., 3Iorgan co., Ga., 36 n. 
Milledgeville, 612 W. 

Parksville, p-v., Sullivan co., N. Y., 116 s. 
\v. Albany, 308 W. 

Parkville, p-v., Platte co.. Mo. 

Parma, p-t., Monroe co., N. Y., 10 n. w. Ro- 
chester, 231 w. by N. Albany, 380 W. The sur- 
face is generally level; soil, sandy and gravelly 
loam. Drained by Salmon and Little Salmon 
creeks, flowing into Lake Ontario, which bounds 
it on the n. The v. is situated on the Ridge road, 
and contains 2 churches, 3 stores, 30 dwellings, 
and about 200 inhabitants. There are in the t. 3 
stores, cap. $11,200; 2 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 2 
grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $23,300. 17 
sch. 914 scholars. Pop. 2,652. ■ 

Parma, p-t., Cuyahoga co., O., 6 s. Cleveland, 
137 N. E. Columbus, 367 W. The surface is 
chiefly level ; soil, a fertile loam, well adapted 
to grass. Drained by a branch of Cuyahoga r. 
It iias 1 grist m., 12 saw m., 7 sch. 334 scholars. 
Pop. 963. 

Parma, t., Jackson co., Mich. It has 1 store, 
cap. $2,500 ; 1 sch. 55 scholars. Pop. 525. 

Parma Centre, p-o., Parma t., Monroe co., 
N. Y., 234 w. by n. Albany, 383 W. 

Parnassus, p-o., Augusta co., Va., 133 w. N. 
w. Richmond, 152 W. 

Parnassus, p-o., Marlborough dist., S. C, 116 
N. E. Columbia. 

Parrottsville, p-v., Cocke co., Tenn., 237 
E. Nashville, 460 W. 

Parrysville, p-v., Northampton co.. Pa., 99 
E. N. E. Harrisburg, 199 W. 

Parsippany, p-v., Hanover t., Morris co., N. 
J., 60 N. Trenton, 231 W. Situated on Parsippa- 



ny r., and contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Method- 
ist church, an academy, 2 stores, 2 grist m., and 
about 20 dwellings. 

Parsonsfield, p-t., York co.. Me., 86 w. s. w. 
Augusta, 533 W. The surface is hilly and rough ; 
soil, generally productive. In its E. part is a largo 
pond, the ouilet of which flows into Ossipee r., 
by which it is watered. It has 7 stores, cap. 
$14,600 ; 1 lumber yard, cap. $1,000 ; 1 fulling 
m., 4 tanneries, 4 grist m., 4 saw m., 1 oil m. 
Cap. in manufac. $4,871. 1 acad. 225 students, 
20 sch. 473 scholars. Pop. 2,442. 

Parson's Creek, t., Linn., co.. Mo. Pop. 501. 

Parson's Mills, p-o., Guilford co., N. C. 

Partlows, p-o., Spottsylvania co., Va., 92 n. 
Richmond, 83 W. 

Partnership, p-o., Charles co., Md. 

Partridge Island, p-o., Hancock t., Dela- 
ware CO., N. Y., 116 s. w. Albany, 298 W. 

Partridge Point, p-o., Tazewell co., 111., 81 
N. Springfield, 795 W. 

Pascagoula, r.. Miss., is formed by the union 
of Chickasawhay and Leaf rivers, and after a 
course of 200 ms. s., falls into Pascagoula sound 
of the Gulf of Mexico. It is navigable for 50 
ms. for vessels drawing 6 feet water, and 150 nis. 
for boats. 

Pascagoula, sound. Miss, and Ala. Situated 
off the mouth of Pascagoula r., in the Gulf of 
Mexico, from which it is separated by low, nar- 
row islands. It is about 55 ms. long, with an 
average breadth of 8 ms. 

Pascagoula, v., Jackson co.. Miss. Situated 
on the E. side of Pascagoula r., at its entrance 
into Pascagoula bay. 

Paskack, p-v., Washington t., Passaic co., N 
J., 83 N. N. E. Trenton, 254 W. Situated on the 
w. side of Hackensack r. 

Pasquotank, r., N. C, rises in the Dismal 
Swamp, and runs s. e. into Albemarle sound. It 
is connected with Elizabeth r. by a canal, which 
forms a communication between Hampton roads 
and Albemarle sound. This canal is 23 miles 
long, 6i feet deep, 46 feet wide, and at intervals 
of a quarter of a m., 60 feet wide, for turn-out 
stations. It has a navigable feeder of 5 ms. from 
Lake Drummond, and is an important channel of 
communication between Norfolk and the South. 

Pasquotank, county, N. C. Situated in the 
N. E. part of the state, and contains 300 sq. ms. 
The surface is level, and in some parts marshy. 
The soil which is capable of cultivation, is gen- 
erally fertile. Pasquotank r. runs on its n. e. 
border. Capital, Elizabeth. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 5,719, sheep 3,415, swine 15,605; 
wheat 19,130 bush, produced, Ind. corn 473,970, 
oats 45,101, potatoes 21,065; 26 stores, capital 
$194,850; 1 tannery, 10 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 
printing ofl^ce, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in 
manufac. $41,800. 2 acad. 78 students, 5 sch. 
103 scholars. Pop. whites 4,650, slaves 2,943, 
freecol'd 1,076; total, 8,514. 

Passadumkeag, p-t., Penobscot co.. Me., 100 
N. E. Augusta, 695 W. Situaled on the e. side 
of Penobscot r. The soil is fertile, adapted to 
grain. Drained by Passadumkeag r. and Cold- 
stream, its tributary, both flowing from ponds, 
and after their junction, passing into the Penob- 
scot. The v. is situated at the junction of the 
Passadumkeag r. with the Penobscot. There are 
in the t, 6 sch. 169 scholars. Pop. 3J4. 

Passaic, r., N. J., rises in Mendham, Morris 
CO., and though flowing through a mountainous 
country, is generally a winding and sluggish 
stream, though it has some falls which afford good 
mill seats, particularly the great falls at Paterson, 
where it has a perpendicular descent of 50 feet, 



PAT 



513 



PAT 



and a total fall of 70 feet, and is about 60 feet 
wide, affording an immense water power It 
finally enters Newark bay. It is navigable for 
sloops to Acquackanonck, 12 ms. It has marshes 
on its borders near its month. Its whole length 
is about 70 ms. 

Passaic, county, N.J. Situated in the n. e. 
part of the state, and contains 180 sq. ms. Draui- 
ed by Passaic r. and its tributaries. The surface 
IS uneven ; soil, generally fertile. Capital, Pat- 
erson. There were in 1840, neat cattle, 5,532 
sheep 5,075, swine 4,565 ; wheat 5,190 bush, pro- 
duced, rye 36,721, Ind. corn 70,874, buckwheat 
24,012, oats 45,945, potatoes 78,8S6 ; 126 stores, 
cap. $226,300 ; 4 lumber yards, cap. §25,000 ; 1 
furnace, 18 forges, 4 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 20 
cotton fac. 46,056 sp., 2 dyeing and printing es- 
tablishments, 7 tanneries, 2 distitleries, 1 brewery, 
13 grist m., 21 saw m., 4 paper fac, 2 printing of- 
fices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. 
$1,931,970. 3 acad. Ui students, 41 sch. 1,987 
scholars. Pop. 16,734. 

Passamaquoddv, bay. Me., lies partly in the 
state of Maine, and partly in the British province 
of New Brunswick. Its entrance is about 6 ms. 
wide from n. to s., and its length is about 12 ms. 
Campobello island divides the entrance into 2 pas- 
sages. It also contains Deer island. The bay 
is well sheltered, has everywhere a suflicient 
depth of water for the largest vessels, and is 
never closed by ice. Its waters abound with 
mackerel, cod, herring, and other fish. The tide 
varies from 25 to 33 feet. The bomidary of the 
United States passes on the w. side of Campobello 
island, into the St. Croix r., which enters the N. 
w. part of this bay. 

Pass Christian, p-v., Harrison co.. Miss. Sit- 
uated on the E. side of the entrance into the Bay 
of St. Louis, of the Gulf of Mexico. 

Pasumpsic, r., Vt., rises from a pond on the E. 
line of Wetmore t., and pursues a s. course until 
it falls into Connecticut r., a mile below the foot 
of Fifteen Mile falls. It has several falls, partic- 
ularly in the s. part of Lyndon, where it de- 
scends 65 feet in the distance of 30 rods, pro- 
ducing a great water power. Its length is about 
34 ms. 

Pasumpsic, p-v., Caledonia co., Vt., 41 e. 
Montpeher, 542 W. 

Passvu.nk, t., Philadelphia co., Pa. Tiie sur- 
face is level ; soil, alluvion and loam. Itincludes 
the w. part of tlie tongue of land between the 
Delaware and Schuylkill rivers, below the city 
of Philadelphia. League island, in the Delaware 
r., belongs to it. It is covered with gardens and 
meadows. The bank of the Schuylkill, which 
bounds it on the w., is high and steep, and along 
it is a pleasant drive. It has a cap. in manufac. 
of $36,225. Pop. 1,594. 

Patapsco, r., Md., rises in Baltimore co., and 
enters Chesapeake bay, by a broad estuary, be- 
tween North point and BodkiiTs point. It is nav- 
igable to Fell's point, in Baltimore, 14 ms., for 
ves.sels drawing 18 feet of water. In its course, 
it affords extensive water power. 

Patch Grove, p-o., Grant co., Wis., 110 w. 
Madison, 942 W. 

Patchin's Mills, p-o., Conhocton t., Steuben 
CO., N. v., 238 w. by s. Albany, 323 W. 

Patchogue, p-v., Brookhaven t., Suffolk co., 
N. Y., 60 E. New York, 204 s. s. e. Albany, 284 
W. It is situated on the s. side of Long Island, 
and contains 1 Congregational and 1 Methodist 
church, 5 stores, 1 grist m., 1 paper m., 2 cotton 
fac, 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 80 dwellings, 
and about 50l) inhabitants. It is near Great South 
bay, and is much resorted to for fishing and fowl- 
65 



ing. A small settlement, called Blue Point, ex- 
tends s. to the bay. 

Paterson, pv., capital of Passaic co., N. J., is 
situated on the Passaic r., near the great falls, and 
4 ms. from tidewater, 13 n. Newark, 75 n. e. by n. 
Trenton, 17 n. New York. 214 W. It was estab- 
lished by a society, incorporated in 1791, with a 
capital of $l,OOO,t)0O, for the establishment of 
manufactures, projected by Alexander Hamilton. 
The plans of the company were broad, and after 
heavy expenditures, through the many obstacles 
with which manufactures had then to struggle, 
the objects of the company in a great measure 
failed, and were abandoned. But their succes- 
sors took up the work, and have carried it forward 
to distinguislied success. By a dam in the r., 4i 
feet high, and a canal round the falls, a vast wa- 
ter power is afforded, and a great manufacturing 
village has grown up. It has a court house and 
jail, and many spacious manufactories, built 
chiefly of stone. There are 9 churches — 1 Pres- 
byterian, 2 Dutch Reformed, 1 Methodist, 1 Re- 
Ibrmed Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, 1 
True Reformed Dutch, and 1 Roman Catholic. 
There is a philo.sophical society of young men, 
who have a resperiable library, and a mechanics' 
society for the advancement of science and the 
mechanic arts, with a library and philosophical 
apparatus. The 3Iorris canal, which passes near 
the village, and a railroad to Jersey C.'ity, give it 
an easy access to the city of New Y ork. The 
falls of the Passaic, at this place, by their pictur- 
esque beauties, attract many visiters. The river 
has a perpendicular fall of 72 feet, and when the 
water is high, the full is not only beautiful but 
grand. 

There were in 1840, 104 stores, cap. $192,950; 
machinery manufactured, value $607,000 ; 4 full- 
ing m., 1 woollen fac, cap. .$20,000 ; 19 cotton 
fac. 45,056 sp., w-ith 2 dyeing and printing estab- 
lishments, cap. $926,000 ; 1 tannery, 2 paper fac, 
cap. $32,000 ; 1 saw m., 2 printing offices, 2 bind- 
eries, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac 
$1,792,500. 1 acad. 80 students, 16 sch. 1,006 
scholars. Pop. 7,596. 

Patoka, r., la., rises in Orange co., and pursues 
a westerly course until it enters Wabash r., one 
or two miles below the mouth of Wlute r., oppo- 
site to Mount Carmel, 111. 

Patoka, p-t., Gibson co., la., 138 s. w. Indian- 
apolis, 708 W. It has 7 sch. 217 scholars. Pop. 
2,343. 

Patrick, county, Va. Situated in the s. part 
of the state, and contains 541 sq. ms. Drained 
by branches of Smith's, S. Mayo, and Little Dan 
rivers. The Blue Ridge runs on its n. w. bound- 
ary. Capital, Taylorsville. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 6,988, sheep 6,047, swine 24,292; 
wheat 2S,469 bush, produced, rye 3,180, Indian 
corn 222,964, buckwheat 359, oats 68,940, pota- 
toes 13,114, tobacco 618,3S4 pounds; 7 stores, 
cap. $20,800 ; 5 tanneries, 1 flouring m., 31 grist 
m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $14,000. 5 sch. 
120 scholars. Pop. whites 6,087, slaves 1,842, free 
col'd 103 ; total, 8,032. 

Patrick, C. H., p-v., capital of Patrick co., 
Va., 226 w. s. w. Richmond, 301 W. (See Tay- 
lorsville, Patrick co., Va.) 

Patricktovvn, p-t., Lincoln co.. Me., 15 e. 
Augusta, 611 W. Drained by head branches of 
Sheepscot and Damariscotta rivers. It contains 
a large pond in its w. part, which flows to the 
Sheepscot r. The soil is fertile. It has 4 saw 
m., 3 sch. 143 scholars. Pop. 5t)6. 

Patriot, p-v., Switzerland co., la., 105 s. e. 
Indianapolis, 536 W. Situated on Ohio r. 

Patriot, p-v., Perry t., Gallia co., O., 97 s. s 



PAU 



514 



PAW 



E. Columbus, 331 W. It was formerly called 
Greenville, and contains several stores, and 40 or 
50 dwellings. 

Patten, t.. Centre co., Pa. It has 3 sch. 90 
scholars. Pop. 473. 

Patten's Mills, p-o.. Fort Ann t., Washing- 
ton CO., N. Y., 59 N. Albany, 431 W. ^ 

Patterson, p-t., Putnam co., N. Y., 92 s. Al- 
bany, 295 VV. The surface is hilly ; soil, fertile 
in the valleys. Drained by Croton r. The v. is 
situated on Croton r., and contains 1 Presbyte- 
rian and 1 Episcopal church, an academy, 2 
stores, 1 grist m., 25 dwellings, and about 150 in- 
habitants. There are in the t. 5 stores, cap. 
$24,500 ; 2 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 6 
saw m. Cap. in manulac. $10,400. 10 sch. 384 
scholars. Pop. 1,349. 

Patterson, p-o., Thompson t., Delaware co., 
O., 40 N. Columbus, 424 W. 

Patterson, p-v., St. Genevieve co., Mo., 176 
E. s. E. Jefferson City, 864 W. 

Patterson's Mills, p-o., Washington co., Pa., 
223 w. Harrisburg, 252 W. 

P.\tterson's Store, p-o., Orange co., N. C, 
59 N. w. Raleigh, 310 W. 

Pattonsburg, p-v., Bottetourt co., Va., 166 w. 
Richmond, 213 W. Situated on the n. side of 
James r., opposite to Buchanan, with which it is 
connected by a bridge. The 2 places, which are 
in fact one v., contain 1 church, free to all de- 
nominations, 8 stores, 2 tobacco fac, 1 cordage 
fac, 1 iron foundry, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 50 
dwellings, and about 360 inhabitants. 

Pattonsville, p-v., Granville co., N. C, 40 
N. Raleigh, 266 W. 

Patuxent, r., Md., rises in the n. part of 
Montgomery and Anne Arundel counties, and 
flowing s. E. 40 miles, it turns to the s. and flows 
50 ms., nearly parallel with Chesapeake bay, un- 
til it enters a large estuary on the w. side of that 
bay. It is navigable for vessels of 250 tons, 50 
ms. to Nottingham. 

Patuxent Forge, p-o., Anne Arundel co., 
Md.,25N. w. Annapolis, 28 W. 

Paulding, county, Ga. Situated toward the 
N. w. part of the state, and contains 600 sq. ms. 
Drained by head branches of Tallapoosa r., and 
by tributaries of Etowah r. Capital, Van Wert. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 3,804, sheep 
995, swine 10,937; wheat 11,863 bush, produced, 
Ind. corn 120,170, oats 6,012, potatoes 1,556, to- 
bacco 1,630 pounds, cotton 118,723; 3 stores, 
cap. $6,700 ; 2 distilleries, 3 breweries, 2 grist., 2 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,440. 3 sch. 68 
scholars. Pop. whites 2,102, slaves 451 ; total, 
2,556. 

Paulding, county, O. Situated in the n. w. 
part of the state, and contauis 432 sq. ms. The 
surface is level; soil, very fertile, adapted to 
grain. Drained by Maumee and Auglaize rs. 
Capital, Charloe. There were in 1810, neat cat- 
tle 201, sheep 85, swine 736 ; wheat 3,852 bush, 
produced, Ind. corn 8,420, oats 2,749, potatoes 
2,518, sugar 3,316 pounds ; 2 stores, cap. $2,700; 
1 sch. 28 scholars. Pop. 1,034. 

Paulding, p-v., capital of Jasper co., 3Iiss., 
109 e. s. e. Jackson, 987 W. Situated on the 
head waters of Leaf r. It contains a court house 
and a few dwellings. 

Paulinskill, r., N. J., rises in Sussex co., and 
flowing s. w., on the border of Warren co., en- 
ters Delaware r. in the s. w. corner of Warren 
county. 

Paulina, v., Hancock t., Delaware co., N. Y. 
Situated on a small cr., 2 ms. n. of Delaware r. 
It contains 1 store, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 stave 
raacliine, and 15 or 20 dwelhngs. 



Pavilion, p-t., Genesee co., N. Y., 243 w. Al- 
bany, 361 W. The surface is rolling ; soil, clay 
loam, adapted well to wiieat. Drained by Al- 
len's cr. The v. is situated on Allen's cr., and 
contains 1 Baptist and 1 Universalist church, 2 
stores, 1 clothier's works, 30 dwellings, and about 
200 inhabitants. 

Pavilion, p-t., Kalamazoo co., Mich., 138 w. 
Detroit, 600 W. The soil is fertile, adapted to 
grain. Watered by the Sandy lakes, and by 
branches of St. Joseph's r. It has 2 saw m., 3 
sch. 107 scholars. Pop. 283. 

Pawcatuck, r., R. J., formed by the junction 
of Wood and Charles rivers in Washington co., 
and in its lower part forms the dividing line be- 
tween R. I. and Ct., and enters the Atlantic. Its 
constituents, Wood and Charles rivers, afford ex- 
tensive water power. 

Pawlet, r., Vt., rises in the n. part of Ben- 
nington CO., passes through the t. which gives it 
its name and flows into JN. Y ., and enters Wood 
cr., a little before its entrance into Lake Cham- 
plain. It affords good water power. 

Pawlet, p-t., Rutland co., Vt., 87 s. s. w. 
Montpelier, 431 W. The surface is uneven ; 
soil, warm and fertile, and easily cultivated.- 
Watered by Pawlet r. and Indian stream, which 
flows from a spring with sufficient water to turn 
a mill. It contains a Congregational and a Bap- 
tist church, and an academy. It has 7 stores, 
cap. $15,325; 5 fulling m., 4 woollen fac, 1 cot- 
ton fac. 1,076 sp., 1 furnace, 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 

3 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $69,480. 
10 sch. 495 scholars. Pop. 1,74S. 

Pawlings, p-t, Dutchess co., N. Y., 20 e. 
Poughkeepsie, 89 s. Albany, 298 W. It is some- 
what hilly, with an extensive valley from n. to 
s. The soil is moderately fertile. Croton r. has 
it source in several small lakes and swamps in 
this t. The v. contains a few dwellings. There 
are in the t. 4 stores, cap. $11,000; 1 tannery, 1 
grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,7tX). 3 
sch. 98 scholars. Pop. 1,571. 

Pawlingsville, p-o., Pawlings t., Dutchess 
CO., N. v., 86 s. Albany, 301 W. 

Paw Paw, p-v., capital of Van Buren co., 
3Iich., 159 w. Detroit, 623 W. Situated on the 
head branch of Pawpaw r. It contains a court 
house, a church, 3 stores, 1 flouring m., and 1 
saw m. It is pleasantly situated, and is flourish- 
ing. 

Paw Paw, p-o.. Miami co., la. 

Paw Paw Grove, p-o., Ogle co., 111., 165 n. 
Springfield, 792 W. 

Pawtucket, r., R. I., rises in Worcester co., 
Mass., with the name of Blackstone r. It enters 
R. I. in the n. e. part of the state, and has falls 
of 50 feet, 4 ms. from its mouth, which afford very 
extensive water power. It enters Providence r. 
just below Providence. The Blackstone canal, 
from Providence, R. I., to Worcester, Mass., 
pas^^es along this r. 

PAWTUciiET, p-v.. North Providence t., R. I., 

4 N. Providence, 404 W. It is situated on both 
sides of Pawtucket r., and is partly in Providence, 
R. I., and partly in Pawtucket t., Mass. It is a 
large and (lonrishin^ manufacturing v. It con- 
tains 7 churches— 2 Baptist, 1 Episcopal, 1 Meth- 
odist, 1 Roman Catholic on the R. I. side, 1 Con- 

regaiional, and 1 Freewill Baptist on the Mass. 
"side -3 banks, 2 in R. I. ; 12 cotton fac. 35,000 
sp., and over 1,000 looms, and about 6,000 inhab- 
itants. The r. is navigable to this place. 

Pawtucket, t., Bristol co., Mass., 36 s. Bos- 
ton, 4 N. Providence. Situated on the E. side of 
Pawtucket r. Organized in 1828. It contains a 
part of the v. of Pawtucket, which see. It has 



PEA 



515 



PEK 



1 1 stores, cap. $29,800 ; 1 lumber yard, cap. 
$15,000 ; 9 cotton fac. 16,332 sp., 2 grist m., 1 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $338,450. 1 acad. 60 stu- 
dents, 5 sch. 260 scholars. Pop. $2,184. 

P.iWTUCKET Falls, Mass., in Merrimac river. 
(See Lowell, Mas.s.) 

Pa WTU.KET, r., R. I., rises by 2 principal branch- 
es, Flat r. and S. W. branch, and flowing e., re- 
ceives the N. W. branch from Pro\idenoe co., 
and enters Providence r. 5 ms. below Providence, 
forming, for some distance, the boundary between 
Providence and Kent counties. It affords great 
water power, and has on it many mills and man- 
ufactories, particularly of cotton. 

Pawtuxet, p-v., and port of entry, Warwick 
t., Kent CO., R. I., 5 s. Providence, 405 W. Sit- 
uated on both sides of Pawtu.xet r., and lies partly 
in Cranston t. The great water power here has 
been abundantly improved, and its cotton and 
other manufactories are extensive. It contains 2 
churches — 1 Baptist and 1 Congi-egational — a 
bank, an academy, 3 cotton and 2 woollen fac, 
several grist ra., 150 dwellings, and about 1,2(X) 
inhabitants. It has a safe and convenient har- 
bor. Tlie parts of the v. are connected by a 
bridge across the r. 

Paxinos, po., Northumberland co.. Pa. 

Paxton, p-t., Worcester co., Mass., 50 w. Bos- 
ton, 405 W. The surface is elevated and imeven ; 
soil, fertile, and well cultivated. Organized in 
1765, from Rutland and Leicester. It occupies the 
height of land between Connecticut and Merri- 
mac rivers. The v., at the centre, contains a 
Congregational church and a few dwellings. It 
has 1 store, cap. $500 ; 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 2 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $17,800. 7 sch. 236 
scholars. Pop. 670. 

Paxto.v, t., Ross CO., O. Pop. 1,226. 

Payneville, p-v., Sumter co., Ala., 78 s. w. 
Tuscaloosa, 896 W. Situated on the n. side of 
Sucarnochie cr., 30 miles above its entrance into 
the Tombigbee r. 

Paynesville, p-o., Lysandert., Onondaga co., 
N. Y., 151 vv. by n. Albany, 368 W. 

Paynesville, p-v., Pike co., Mo., 92 n. e. Jef- 
ferson City, 880 W. 

Payson, p-v., Adams co.. 111., 92 w. Spring- 
field, 872 W. 

Pea, r., Ala., is one of the principal constituent 
branches of Choctawhatchie r., which it enters 
near the s. border of the state. 

Pea River, p-o., Walton co., Flor. 

Pea River, po., Barbour co., Ala., 181 s. E. 
Tuscaloo.sa, 861 W. 

Peace Dale, p-v., Washington co., R. I. 

Peaoiiam, p-t., Caledonia co., Vt., 36 e. by n. 
Montpelier, 538 W. The surface is gently un- 
even ; soil, generally fertile, and well cultivated. 
Onion River pond, covering 300 acres, in the w. 
part of the t., gives rise to one of tiie head branclv- 
es of Onion r. Two streams, which flow into 
Stevens' branch, afford water power. A bog 
meadow in the e. part contains an inexhaustible 
quantity of shell marl. Limestone is also found. 
The V. contains a ('ongregational church and a 
flourishing academy. There are in the t. 3 stores, 
cap. $13,000 ; 1 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 2 tan- 
neries, 1 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$15,750. 1 acad. 125 students, 12 sch. 548 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,443. 

Peach Bottom, p-t., York co.. Pa., 26 s. e. 
York, 62 s. e. Harrisburg, 81 W. The surface is 
level ; soil, gravel and slate. Drained by Fish- 
ing cr. and Neel's Hole rim, branches of Muddy 
or., which forms its .\. boundary. The p-v. is on 
Susquehanna r. There are in the t. 7 stores, cap. 
$11,500 ; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 



floiuring m., 5 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac $10,850. 3 sch. 27 scholars. Pop. 1,074. 

Peach Tree, p-o., Cherokee co., N. C. 

Pealer's, p-o., Columbia co., Pa., 93 n. n. e 
Harrisburg, 204 W. 

Pea Patch, p-o., Somerset co,, N. J., 45 n 
Trenton, 220 W. 

Pea Patch, island. Situated in Delaware r., 
and contains Fort Delaware, erected during the 
late war, now nearly in ruins. 

Pearlington, p-v., Hancock co.. Miss., 191 s. 
by E. Jackson, 1,141 W. Situated on the E. side 
of Pearl r. 

Pearl, r., Miss, and La., rises, by several 
branches, near the centre of Mississippi, and run- 
ning s. it joins, by several mouths, the Rigolets, 
which forms a communication between lakes 
Pontchartrain and Borgne. From lat. 31° n., it 
forms the dividing line between Ala. and La. 
The navigation is obstructed by sand-bars, shal- 
lows, and rafts of timber. Some efforts have 
been made to improve it. It is navigable for 
small craft to Jackson, the capital of the state. 

Pease, t., Belmont co., O. The surface is 
hilly ; soil, very fertile, adapted to grain. Wa- 
tered by Indian Wheeling creek, which affords 
water power. The national road passes through 
it. It has 8 sch. 248 scholars. Pop. 2,471. 

Pecan Grove, p-o., Carroll par.. La. 

Pecan Point, p-o., Mississippi co.. Ark. 

Peckville, p-o., FishkUl t., Dutchess co., N. 
Y., 106 s. Albany, 269 W. 

Pede.nsville, p-v., Chester dist., S. C. 

Pedee, Great, r., N. C. and S. C, rises chiefly 
in Wilkes co., N. C, where it bears, for a great 
distance, the name of Yadkin r. After it enters 
S. C, it is called the Great Pedee r., and it flows 
in a southerly direction until uniting with Wac- 
camaw r., it enters and forms Winyaw bay, a little 
below Georgetown, and communicates with the 
Atlantic 12 ms. below Georgetown. It is navi- 
gable for boats of 60 or 70 tons for 200 ms. Lit- 
tle Pedee r., S. C, rises in N. C, and enters 
Great Pedee r. 32 ms. above its mouth. 

Pedee, p o., Anson co., N. C, 135 s. w. Ra- 
leigh, 409 W. 

Pedlar's Hill, p-o., Chatham co., N. C, 44 
w. Raleigh. 

Pedricktown, p-v.. Upper Penn's Creek t., 
Salem co., N. J., 55 s. Trenton, 166 W. Situated 
on Oldman's cr., and contains 1 Friends chiu-ch, 
2 stores, and about 30 dwelHngs. 

Peekskill, p-v., Cortland t., Westchester co., 
N. Y., 46 N. New York, 106 s. Albany, 269 W. 
Situated on the e. side of Hudson r. It contains 
H churches — 2 Dutch Reformed, 1 Episcopal, 1 
Methodist, 1 Presbyterian, and 2 Friends — 1 bank, 
an academy, 30 stores, 6 iron foundries, 2 tanner- 
ies, 250 dwellings, and about 2,000 inhabitants. 
1 steamboat and 6 sloops ply between this place 
and New York for transportation, besides one 
steamboat daily for passengers. Other boats on 
the Hudson stop at the landhig to receive and 
discharge passengers. 

Peeled Oak, p-o., Bath co., Ky., 71 e. Frank- 
fort, 525 W. 

Peel Tree, p-o., Harrison co., Va. 

Pee Pee, t. Pike co., O. It has 5 stores, 
cap. $12,840 ; 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 6 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $8,500. 4 sch. 78 scholars. 
Pop. 919. 

Pekatonica, r.. Wis. and 111., rises in Iowa 
CO., Wis., and flows s. and e. into Rock r., in 111., 
6 ms. below its n. boundary. It receives Sugar 
cr., a considerable branch, from the n. It is nav- 
igable for flat-boats to Mineral Point, Wis. 

Pekatonica, p-v., Winnebago co., 111., 220 n. 



PEM 



516 



PEN 



Springfield, 820 W. Situated at the junction of 
Pekatonica and Rock rivers. 

Pekin, p-o., Levvision t., Niagara co., N. Y., 
239 vv. by N. Albany. 

Pekin, p-o.. Brown t., Carroll co., O., 138 s. w. 
Columbus, 304 W. 

Pekin, p-o., Jackson co., Tenn., 67 e. by n. 
Nashville, 627 W. 

Pekin, p-o., Washington co., la. 

Pekin, p-v., Tazewell co.. III., 62 n. Spring- 
field, 779 W. Situated on the e. side of Illinois 
r., 12 mile.s below Peoria. It contains an acade- 
my, 3 ehurciies — 1 Presbyterian, 1 3Iethodist, 
and 1 IJnilarian— 15 stores, 3 forwarding and 
commission houses, 1 steam flouring m., 1 steam 
saw m., 2 distilleries, a printing office, issumg a 
weekly newspaper, and about 900 inhabitants. 

Pelh.4M, p-t., Hampshire co., Ma.ss., 81 w. Bos- 
ton, SJl W. The surface is elevated and uneven ; 
soil, productive. Watered by Swift and Fort 
rivers, whicli afford water power. Incorporated 
in 1742. Originally settled from the N. of Ire- 
land. It contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Congre- 
gational church. It has 1 store, cap. .$ 1,000 ; 1 
grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,550. 7 
sch. 351 scholars. Pop. 956. 

Pelham, t., Hillsborough co., N. H., 37 s. by 
E. Concord, 32 s. w. Portsmouth. The soil, par- 
ticularly on the streams, is fertile. Watered by 
Beaver r. Chartered in 1742. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $1,700; 1 fulling m., 2 grist m., 4 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $12,880. 6 sch. 268 scholars. 
Pop. 1,003. 

Pelham, t., Westchester co., N. Y., 10 s. White 
Plains, 140 s. Albany. The surface is generally 
level ; soil, clay and sandy loam, mostly well 
cultivated. Several islands in the East r. belong 
to it, which are City, Hart's, and Hunter's isl- 
ands. It has 1 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 789. 

Pelham, p-v., Hillsborough co., N. C. 

Pelham, p-v., Franklin co., Tenn., 85 s. s. e. 
Nashville, 651 W. 

Peltonville, p-o., Pultney t., Steuben co., 
N. Y., 208 w. by s. Albany, 3H W. 

Pemaciuid, p-o., Bremen t., Lincoln co., Me., 
46 s. s. E. Augusta, 614 W. 

Pemaditmcook, lake, Penobscot co., Me., is a 
large body of water of a very irregular form, re- 
ceiving the waters of a large number of lakes, to 
the n. e. of which, the largest is Chesuncook lake. 
Its outlet flows into Penobscot r. It has much 
fine land and good timber on its borders. 

Pemberton, p-v., Burlington co., N. J., 22 .s. 
Trenton, 162 W. Situated on the n. branch of 
Rancocus cr., and contains 1 Baptist and 1 Meth- 
odist church, 5 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 
fulling m., 1 cotton fac, 1 cupola furnace, about 
120 dwellings, and 750 inhabitants. 

Pembroke, p-t., Washington co.. Me., 180 e. 
N. E. Augusta, 766 W. Watered by a small 
stream proceedhig from a pond in Charlotte, on 
the N., which flows into Cobscook bay on its s. 
border. The soil is tolerably fertile, adapted to 
grain. It has 2 stores, cap. $2,800 ; 1 furnace, 1 
forge, 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $5,650. 8 sch. 376 scholars. Pop. 1,050. 

Pe.mbroke, p-t., Merrimac co., N. H., 5 s. e. 
Concord, 480 W. Tlie surface is moderately un- 
even ; soil, fertile, particularly on the streams. 
Suncook r. runs on its s. E. border, and affords 
water power. Merrimac r. bounds it on the w. 
Chartered in 1727. The v. lies on a street 3 ms. 
long, parallel with Merrimac r., and contains a 
town house and an academy. There are in the 
t. 5 stores, cap. $11,000; 1 glass fac, 3 grist m., 
4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $25,900. 1 acad. 
293 students, 9 sch. 333 scholars. Pop. 1,336. 



Pembroke, p-t., Plymouth co., Mass., 26 s. E. 
Boston, 445 W. Watered by North r. and its 
branches, which afford water power. The r. is 
winding and deep, and flows into Scituate harbor, 
and on it many vessels are built. Incorporated 
in 1711. It has several ponds in its s. part. The 
v., at the centre, contains a Unitarian church, 
and there is a Friends cliurcli in the n. part. It 
has 6 stores, cap. $6,650 ; 1 woollen fac, 4 grist 
m., lOsawm. Cap. in manufac. $15,190. 1 acad. 
25 students, 8 sch. 28-< scholars. Pop. 1,258. 

Pembroke, p-t., Genesee co., N. Y., 262 w. 
Albany, 387 W. The surface is generally level ; 
soil, clay and gravelly loam. Drained by Tona- 
wanda cr. and its tributaries. It contains the v. 
of Richville. It has 4 stores, cap. $22,300; 1 
furnace, 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $21,350. 13 
sch. 381 scholars. Pop. 1,970. 

Pembroke, p-o., Giles co., Va., 230 w. Rich- 
mond, 276 W. 

Pe.mbroke, p-v., Christiav co., Ky., 197 a. w. 
Frankfort, 721 W. 

Pemigewasset, r., N. H., the principal con- 
stituent stream of the Merrimac r., rises in Fran- 
conia t. and the ungranted land in the vicinity. 
Its principal branches unite on the n. border of 
Woodstock, and it retains its name until by the 
union of Winnipiseogee r., in Franklin t., it be- 
comes the Merrimac r. 

Pendleton, comity, Va. Situated toward the 
n. part of the stale, and contains 999 sq. ms. It 
is an elevated table land, between 2 ridges of the 
Alleghany mountains. The south branch of 
Potomac r. flows through it from s. w. to n. e. 
The surface is mountainous and rough ; soil, 
sterile. Capital, Franklin. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 14,161, sheep 20,973, swine 12,777; 
wheat 65,725 bush, produced, rye 35,517, Indian 
corn 130,010, buckwheat 8,189, oats 51,168, pota- 
toes 35,645, sugar 112,151 pounds ; 1 1 stores, cap. 
$63,200 ; 1 fulling m., 1 cotton lac. 500 sp., 8 tan- 
neries, 44 distilleries, 4 powder m., 1 pottery, 3 
flouring m., 31 grist m., 46 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. 
in manufac. .$50,698. 12 sch. 235 scholars. Pop. 
whites 6,445, slaves 462, free col'd 33; total, 
6,940. 

Pendleton, county, Ky. Situated in the n. 
part of the state, and contains 450 sq. ms. Drain- 
ed by Licking r. and its branches. Capital, Fal- 
mouth. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,136, 
sheep 6,475, swine 13,108; wheat 31,175 bush, 
produced, rye 5,673, Ind. corn 225,021, oats 
31,332, potatoes 2,508, tobacco 107,573 pounds; 
6 stores, cap. $15,700; 2 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 
1 flouring m., 8 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $18,925. 10 sch. 265 scholars. Pop. whites 
4,013, slaves 437, free col'd 5; total, 4,455. 

Pendleton, p-t., Niagara co., N. Y., 7 s. w. 
Lockport, 284 w. by n. Albany, 406 W. The 
surface is undulating ; soil, a fertile calcareous 
loam. Tonawanda cr. bounds it on the s. The 
v. is situated on the Erie canal, and contains 4 
stores, and about 30 dwellings. There are in the 
t. 3 stores, cap. .$5,700 ; 1 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $450. 7 sch. 230 scholars. Pop. 1,098. 

Pendleto.n, p-o., Scott CO., Va., 355 w. by n. 
Richmond, 423 W. 

Pendleton, p-v., Anderson dist., S. C, 136 
w. N. w. Columbia, 531 W. Situated on a branch 
of Savannah r., 1 mile from the district line. It 
contains 3 churches — 1 Episcopal, 1 Methodist, 
and 1 Presbyterian — 2 academies, 7 stores, and 
633 inhabitants. 

Pendleton, p-o., Putnam co., O., 110 n. w. 
Columbus, 475 W. 

Pendleton, p-v., Madison co., la., 31 N. E. In- 
dianapolis, 558 W. It is situated at the falls of 



PEN 



517 



PEN 



Fall cr., and contains 2 stores, 2 mills, various 
mechanic shops, and about 200 inhabitants. 

Penfield, p-t., Monroe co., N. Y., 8 e. Ro- 
chester, 222 w. by n. Albany, 371 W. The sur- 
face is undulating : soil, sandy and gravelly loam, 
with a portion of clay on the s. Drained by 
Irondiquoit cr. The v. is situated on Irondiquoit 
cr., and contains 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 
Baptist, and 1 3Iethodist — an academy, called 
the Penfield Lyceum, 3 stores, 1 woollen fac, 2 
flouring m., 1 carding machine, 1 fulling ra., 1 
saw m., 1 stave fac, 1 tannery, 100 dwellings, 
and about 700 inhabitants. There are in the t. 
5 stores, cap. $30,550 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 
flouring m., 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. §71,900; 1 acad. 170 students, 16 sch. 945 
scholars. Pop. 2,842. 

Penfield, p-o., Clearfield co., Pa., 141 n. w. 
Harrisburg, 240 W. 

Pexfield, p-t., Lorain co., O., 14 s. Elyria, 106 
N. N. e. Columbu.s, 365 W. Drained by the main 
branch of Black r. It has 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 
5 sch. 118 scholars. Pop. 405. 

Penfield, p-v., Greene co., Ga., 51 n. Mil- 
ledgeville, 610 W. 

Penfield, p-o., Kane co., III., 162 n. n. e. 
Springfield, 771 VV. 

Penfield, t., Calhoun co., Mich. It has 2 
sch. 64 scholars. Pop. 377. 

Peninsula, p-o., Boston t., Summit co., O., 
136 N. E. Columbus, 345 W. Situated on the 
Ohio canal, at the Cuyahoga aqueduct, 23 ms. s. 
of Cleveland. 

Penn, t., 3Iorgan co., O. It has 2 stores, cap. 
$1,800 ; 1 tannery, 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$900. 6 sch. 175 scholars. Pop. 1,119. 

Penn, t., Chester co.. Pa., 36 s. w. Philadel- 
phia. The surface is level ; soil, sandy loam. 
Drained by tributaries of Elk and While Clay 
creeks. Itcontains the v.of Jennersville. There 
are in the t. 1 store, cap. $5,000 ; 1 grist m., 1 .saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $2,350. 3 sch. 82 scholars. 
Pop. 663. 

Pen.n, t., Lycoming co.. Pa. It has 4 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $1,300. 3 sch. 35 scholars. 
Pop. 354. 

Penn, t., Perry co., Pa. It has 3 stores, cap. 
$12,300; 1 forge, 1 tannery, 1 flouring m., 4 grist 
m., 4 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $16,520; 5 sch. 
196 scholars. Pop. 839. 

Penn, p-o.. Jay co., la., 108 n. e. Indianapolis, 
531 W. 

Penn, t., Cass co., Mich. It has 1 store, cap. | 



$500; 3 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $3,500. 3 
sell. 123 scholars. Pop. 415. 

Pennington, pv., Hopewell t., Mercer co., N. 
J., 8 N. Trenton, 177 W. It contains 1 Presby- 
terian and 1 Methodist church, both of brick, an 
academy, a public library, 3 stores, and about 40 
dwellings. 

Pennington, t.. Licking co., O. It has 7 sch. 
366 scholars. Pop. 1,244. 

Pennington, t., Union co.. Ark. It has 1 sch. 
15 scholars. Pop. 914. 

Penn Line, p-o., Crawford co., Pa., 256 n. w. 
Harrisburg, 322 W. 

Penn Run, p-o,, Indiana co., Pa., 161 w. N. w. 
Harrisburg, 214 W. 

Pen.nsborough, p-o., Wood co., Va., 295 w. 
N. w. Richmond, 263 W. 

Penns Creek, po.. Union co.. Pa. 

Pennsbury, t., Chester co., Pa., 23 s. w. Phil- 
adelphia. The surface is gently sloping; soil, 
calcareous loam. Brandywine cr. runs on its e. 
boundary, and receives from it Pocopsen cr. and 
other small tributaries. It has 2 stores, cap. 
$3,600; 3 tanneries, 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $12,600. 3 sch. 200 scholars. Pop. 
933. 

Penns Grove, p-o., Delaware co., Pa., 97 e. s. 
e. Harrisburg, 127 W. 

Penns Neck, Lower, t., Salera co., N. J., 5 
N. w. Salem. Delaware r. bounds it on the w. 
and s. w. The surface is level ; soil, clay and 
sandy loara, with some marsh meadow. It con- 
tains 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Metho- 
dist church. Salem r. bounds it on the s. e., and 
is connected with the Delaware r. by a canal, 2 
ms. long. It has 4 stores, cap. $4,800 ; 1 grist m. 
Cap. in manufac. $1,047. 5 sch. 185 scholars. 
Pop. 1,219. 

Penns Neck, Upper, t, Salem co., N. J. 
The surface is level ; soil, a light sandy loara. 
It has 1 Friends and 1 Methodist church. It 
contains a valuable bed of shell marl. It has 4 
stores, cap. $14,000; 2 sch. 95 scholars. Pop. 
1,854. 

Penns Store, p-o., Patrick co., Va., 210 w. s 
w. Richmond, 235 W. 

Pennsville, p-v., Wrightstovvn, t., Bucks co., 
Pa., 25 N. Philadelphia, 111 e. Harrisburg, 160 W. 
It contains 1 store, and about 12 dwellings. 

Pennsvile, p-v., Penn t., Morgan co., O., 77 
E. by .s. Columbus, 331 W. It contains 1 Friends 
church, 2 stores, about 20 dwellings, and 100 in- 
habilants. 



PENNSYLVANIA. 



Pennsylvania, one of the middle United States, is bounded n. by New York and Lake Erie ; 
E. by New .lersey, from which it is separated by Delaware river ; s. by Delaware, 3Iaryland, and 
Virginia ; and w. by Virginia and Ohio. It is between 39° 43' and 42° n. lat., and between 74'' 
and 80° 40' w. Ion. ; and between 3° 31' w. and 2'^ 18' e. from W. It is 307 miles long, and 160 
broad, containing 46,000 square miles, or 29,440,000 acres. The population in 1790, was 434,373 ; 
in 1800, 602,545 ; in 1810, 810,091 ; in 1820, 1,049,313 ; in 1830, 1,347,672; in 1840, 1,724,033. Of 
these 844,770 were white males; 831,345 do. females; 22,753 free colored males; 25,102 do. 
females. Employed in agriculture, 207,533 ; in comraerce, 15,338; in manufactures and trades, 
105,883 ; in mining, 4,603 ; navigating the ocean, 1,815 ; do. lakes, rivers, &c., 3,951 ; learned pro- 
fessions, &c., 6,706. 

The state is divided into 55 counties, which, with their population in 1840, and their capitals, are 
as follows : Eastern District — Adams, 23,044, Gettysburg; Berks, 64,569, Reading; Bucks, 48,10", 
DoylestowTi and Bristol; Chester, 57,515, West Chester; Cumberland, 30,953, Carlisle ; Dau- 
phin, 30,118, Harrisburg; Delaware, 19,791, Chester; Franklin, 37,793, Chambersburg ; Lan- 
caster, 84,203, Lancaster; Lebanon, 21,872, Lebanon; Lehigh, 25,785, AUentown; Monroe, 
9,879, Stroudsburg; 3Iontgomerv, 47,241, Norri.^town ; Northampton, 40,996, Easton; Perry, 
17,096, Bloorafield ; Philadelphia, 258,037, Philadelphia ; Pike, 3,832, Milford; Schuylkill, 



PEN 518 PEN 

29,053, Orwigsburg; Wayne, 11,848, Honesdale ; York, 47,010, York. Western District — Al- 
leghany, 81,235, Pittsburgh; Armstrong, 2S,365, Kittaning ; Beaver, 29,368, Beaver ; Bedford, 
29,335, Bedford ; Bradford, 32,769, Towanda ; Butler, 22,378, Butler ; Camcri a, 11,256, Ebens- 
burg ; Centre, 20,492, Bellefonte ; Clearfield, 7,834, Clearfield ; Cllnton, 8,323, Lock Haven ; 
Columbia, 24,267, Danville ; Crawford, 31,724, Meadville ; Erie, 31,344, Erie ; Fayette, 
33,574, Union; Greene, 19,147, Waynesburg; Huntingdon, 35,484, Huntingdon; Indiana, 
20,782, Indiana ; Jefferson, 7,253, Brookville ; Juniata, 11,030, Mifflintown ; Luzerne, 44,006, 
Wilkesbarre ; Lycoming, 22,649, VVilliamsport ; McKean, 2,975, Smithport ; 3Iercer, 32,873, 
Mercer; Mifflin, 13,092, Lewistovvn ; Northumberland, 20,027, Sunbury; Potter, 3,371, 
Cowdersport; Somerset, 19,650, Somerset ; Susquehanna, 21,195, Montrose; Tioga, 15,498, 
Wellsborough ; Union, 22,787, New Berlin ; Venango, 17,900, Franklin ; Warren, 9,278, War- 
ren ; Washington, 41,279, Washington; Westmoreland, 42,699, Greensburg. 

Harrisburg is the seat of government, on the e. bank of the Susquehanna river, 97 miles w. N. 
w. from Philadelphia. 

The Alleghany mountains cross the state from s. w. to N. E., and there are many smaller ranges 
on each side of the principal ridge, and parallel to it. These mountainous tracts cover all the cen- 
tral part of the state, embracing nearly one seventh of its whole surface. In the s. E. and n. w., 
the country is either level or moderately hilly. The soil is generally good, and much of it is of a 
superior quality ; the richest tract is in the s. E., on both sides of the Susquehanna. This part of 
the state has been long settled, and is under high cultivation. Between the head waters of the 
Alleghany and Lake Erie, the soil is excellent. Tlie most important production of the state by 
far is wheat, which grows here in great perfection ; and next in value is Indian corn. Rye, barley, 
buckwheat, oats, hemp, and flax are also extensively cultivated. Cherries, peaches, and apples 
are abundant, and much cider is made. Although the state is belter adapted to grain than to graz- 
ing, yet in many parts there are large dairies, and fine horses and cattle are raised. 

In this state there were in 1840,361,553 horses and mules; 1,161,576 neat cattle; 1,755,597 
sheep; 1,435,360 sv\'ine. There was produced poultry to the value of $631,979. There were 
raised 12,993,218 bushels of wheat; 206,858 of barley; 20,485,747 of oats ; 6,544,654 of rye; 
2,096,016 of buckwheat ; 14,077,363 of Indian corn ; 3,023,657 pounds of wool ; 43,694 of hops ; 
32,708 of wax ; 9,477,343 bushels of potatoes ; 1,302,635 tons of hay ; 2,644 of hemp and flax ; 
325,018 pounds of tobacco ; 7,262 of silk cocoons ; 2,265,755 of sugar. The products of the dairy 
amounted to $3,152,987 ; and of the orchard, $610,512. There were made 14,328 gallons of wine. 
The value of lumber was $1,146,355. 

The mineral wealth of Pennsylvania is very great. Iron ore is widely disseminated, and has 
been extensively wrought. But the coal regions furnish the most interesting portion of its mineral 
productions. West of the Alleghany ridge, bituminous coal is found, of an excellent quality, and in 
inexhaustible quantities. In Pittsburgh and the vicinity it is extensively used for manufacturing pur- 
poses. In this region salt springs occur, which aflTord a strong brine. But the anthracite coal region, 
E. of the Blue ridge, and between it and the n. branch of the Susquehanna, is immense, and is exten- 
sively wrought. The Mauch Chunk, Schuylkill, and Lynken's valley coal-field, extends from the 
Lehigh, across the head waters of the Schuylkill, and is 65 miles in length, with an average breadth 
of about 5 miles. The Lehigh coal, procured at the northern portion of this field, is heavy, hard, 
and difficult of ignition. At Mauch Chunk this coal is found near the surface, and extends to the 
depth of from 12 to 50 or 60 feet. The Schuylkill coal is from the centre of the above field, burns 
with less difficulty than the Lehigh, and yields red ashes. The Lackawanna coal-field extends 
from Carbondale, on the Lackawannock, to 10 miles below Wilkesbarre, on the Susquehanna. This 
field is made accessible by the Carbondale railroad and the Delaware and Hudson canal, extend- 
ing to the Hudson river. Limestone is abundant in all parts of the state, and in the s. e. parts a 
fine marble. 

The climate of Pennsylvania is various. In the mountainous region in the interior, the winters 
are severe. The weather is colder on the western than the eastern side of the mountain ridge, and 
in both the rivers are frozen between one and two months in the year. In the s. e. portion the 
winters are mild, and on the whole the climate is healthy. 

The Delaware river washes the eastern border of the state, and is navigable for large ships to 
Philadelphia. The LeMgh, after a course of 75 miles, enters it at Easton. The Schuylkill, 130 
miles long, unites with it 6 miles below Philadelphia. The Susquehanna is a large river, which 
rises in New York, flows s. through this state, and enters the Chesapeake bay, in Maryland. It is 
much obstructed by falls and rapids. The Juniata rises among the Alleghany mountains, and, 
after a course of 180 miles, enters the Susquehanna, 1 1 miles above Harrisburg. The Alleghany 
river, 400 miles long, from the n., and the Monongahela, 300 miles long, from the s., unite at Pitts- 
burgh, and form the Ohio. The Youghiogeny is a small river which flows into the Monongahela. 

Philadelphia, between the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers, and Pittsburgh, at the junction of the 
Monongahela and Alleghany rivers, are the most commercial places in the state. The other 



PEN 519 PEN 

principal towns are Lancaster, Reading, Harrisburg, Easton, York, Carlisle, Alleghany, and 
Erie. 

The exports of the state for the year ending September, 1840, were $6,820,145; and the imports 
were $8,4(>4,882. 

There were 194 commercial and 178 commission houses engaged in foreign trade, with a capital 
of $3,662,811; there were 6,534 retail drygoods and other stores, with a capital of $35,629,170; 
there were 5,064 persons engaged in the lumber trade, employing a capital of $2,241,040; 2,146 
persons employed in hiternal transportation, who, with 466 persons employed as butchers, packers, 
&c., employed a capital of $727,850 ; 53 persons were employed in the fisheries, with a capital of 
$16,460. 

The manufactures of Pennsylvania are extensive. Tliere were in 1840, home-made or family 
goods produced to the amount of $1,292,429 ; 235 woollen manufactories, and 337 fulling mills, 
employing 2,909 persons, producing articles to the value of $2,298,861, and employing a capital of 
$1,500,546 ; 106 cotton manufactories, with 146,494 spindles, employing 5,522 persons, producing 
articles to tlie value of $5,013,007, and employing a capital of $3,325,400 ; 2,977 persons produced 
859,686 tons of anthracite coal, with a capital of $4,334,102 ; 1,798 persons produced 11,620,654 
bushels of bituminous coal, with a capital of $300,416; 213 furnaces, producing 93,395 tons of cast 
iron, and 169 forges, &c., producing 87,244 tons of bar iron, employing 11,522 persons and a capi- 
tal of $7,781,471 ; 87 paper manufactories produced to the amount of $792,335, and other paper 
manufactures to the amount of $95,500, the whole employing 794 persons and a capital of $581,800 ; 
hats and caps were manufactured to the amount of $819,431, and straw bonnets to the amount of 
$80,512, employing 1,467 persons and a capital of $449,107; 1,149 tanneries employed 3,392 per- 
• sons, and a capital of $2,729,536 ; 2,132 other leather manufactories, su(;h as saddleries, &c., pro- 
duced articles to the amount of $3,453,243, employing a capital of $1,249,923 ; 30 powder mills 
manufactured 1,181,225 pounds of powder, employing 53 persons and a capital of $66,800; drugs, 
paints, &c., employed 519 persons, producing articles to the amount of $2,179,625, and turpentine 
and varnish to the amount of $7,865, the v\hole employing 519 persons and a capital of 
$2,179,625 ; 28 glass-houses, and 15 glass cutting establishments, employed 835 persons, producing 
articles to the amount of $772,400, with a capital of $714,100 ; 182 potteries employed 322 persons, 
producing articles to the amount of $157,902, employing a capital of $75,562; 1,969 persons pro- 
duced machinery to the value of $1,993,752; 763 persons produced hardware and cutlery to the 
amount of $783,482 ; 168 persons produced 5 cannon and 21,571 small-arms ; 245 persons manu- 
factured the precious metals to the amount of $2,679,075; 536 persons manufactured granite and 
marble to the amount of $443,610 ; 3,858 persons made bricks and lime to the amount of $1,719,796; 
2,770 persons manufactured carriages and wagons to the amount of $1,203,732, with a capital of 
$559,831 ; 1,005 distilleries produced 6,228,768 gallons, and 87 breweries produced 12,765,974 gal- 
lons, employing 1,601 persons and a capital of $1,585,771; 725 flouring mills produced 1,181,530 
barrels of flour, and with other mills, employed 7,916 persons, producing articles to the amount of 
$9,232,515, employing a capital of $7,779,784 ; 353 persons manufactured 5,097,690 pounds of soap, 
2,316,843 pounds of tallow candles, and 5,002 do. of spermaceti candles, employing a capital of 
$294,412 ; ships were built to the amount of $663,015 ; 2,357 persons manufactured furniture to the 
amount of $1,151,167, with a capital of $714,817; 1,991 brick houses, and 2,406 wooden houses 
were built, employing 9,881 persons, and cost $5,339,530 ; 221 printing offices, 46 binderies, 12 daily, 
10 semi-weekly, and 162 weekly newspapers, and 42 periodicals, employed 1,702 persons and a 
capital of $630,340. The whole amount of capital employed in manufactui-es hi the state, was 
$31,629,415. 

The colleges in this state are numerous. The following are their names, location, and the date 
of their being founded. University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1755; Dickinson College, Car- 
lisle, 1783; Jefferson College, C'annonsburg, 1802; Washington College, Washington, 1806; 
Alleghany College, Meadville, 1815; Pennsylvania College, (Jettysburgh, 1832; Lafayette Col- 
lege, Easton, 1832 ; Marshall College, Mcrcersburg, 1836. Besides these are the ."\ledical Depart- 
ment of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1765 ; JefTerson Medical College, Philadelphia, 
1824 ; Medical Department of Pennsylvania College, Philadelphia, 1839. The Theological Semi- 
nary of the Lutheran Church, Gettysburg, 1826; German Reformed, York, 1825; Western Theo- 
logical Seminary at Alleghany, 1323 ; Theological Seminary a' Cannonsburg ; Theological Semi- 
nary at Pittsburgh. In all these seminaries there were in 1840, 2,034 students. There were in 
the state, 290 academies, with 15,970 students, 4,968 primary and common schools, with 179,989 
scholars. There were 33 940 persons over 20 years of age who could neither read nor write. 

Of the religious denominations, the Presbyterians, including the Associate Reformed, had in 1836, 
about 400 ministers ; the Baptists, 140 ; the Methodists, 250 ; German Reformed, 73 ; Episcopalians, 
70; the Friends, 150 congregations. Besides, there are several other denominations less numerous. 

In Jan. 1840, there were in this state, 49 banks, with an aggregate capital of $24,286,405, and a 
circulation of $9,338,636. At the close of 1310, the state debt amounted to $34,723,261. 



PEN 



520 



PEN 



In tlie year 1825, Pennsylvania began a splendid course of internal improvements. Her greatest 
work is a canal from Philadelphia, including a railroad from Johnstown to Hollidaysburg, 37 
miles, over the Alleghany to Pittsburgh, 400 miles. There is a tunnel on the railroad 870 feet long, 
200 feet below the top of the mountain. The Schuylkill Navigation canal extends 108 ms. from 
Philadelphia to Port Carbon ; the Union canal, 82 ms. from Reading to Middletown ; the Lehigh, 
84 ms. from Easton to Stoddartsville ; the Lackawaxen, 25 ms. from Delaware r. to Honesdale ; 
the Conestaga, 18 ms. from Lancaster to Safe Harbor ; the Codorus, 11 ms. from York to Susque- 
hanna river; Bald Eagle, 25 ms. from West Branch canal to Bellefonte; the Susquehanna, 45 
ms. from WrightsviUe to Havre de Grace, and several small canals. 

The railroads of this state are still more numerous. The Columbia, 81 ms. from Columbia to 
Philadelphia ; Valley, 20 ms. from Norristown to Columbia railroad ; Harrisburg and Lancaster, 35 
ms ; Cumberland Valley, 50 ms. from Harrisburg to Chambersburg ; Westchester, 10 ms. from Co- 
lumbia railroad to Westchester ; Franklin, 30 ms. from Chambersburg to Williamsport ; York and 
WrightsviUe, 13 ms. ; Strasburg, 7 ms. from Cumberland Valley railroad to Strasburg ; Philadelphia 
and Reading, 95 ms. from Reading to Pottsville ; Little Schuylkill, 23 ms. from Port Clinton to 
Tamaqua ; Danville and Pottsville, 44i ms. from Pottsville to Sunbury ; Little Schuylkill and 
Susquehanna, 106 ms. from Tamaqua to Williamsport ; Beaver Meadow branch, 12 ms. from 
Lardner's Gap to Beaver Meadow railroad ; Williamsport and Elmira, 73^ ms. between the 2 
places ; Corning and Blossburg, 40 ms. do. ; Mount Carbon, 7i ms. from Mount Carbon to Nor- 
wegian Creek; Schuylkill Valley, 10 ms. from Port Carbon to Tuscarora; branches of do. 15 m. ; 
Schuylkill, 13 ms. from Schuylkill to the Valley ; Mill Creek, 9 ms. from Port Carbon to Coal Mine ; 
Mine Hill and Schuylkill Haven, 20 ms. from Schuyllvill Haven to Mine Hill Gap ; Mauch Chunk, 
9 ms. from Mauch Chunk to Coal 3Iine ; branches of do. 16 ms. ; Room Run, 5?- ms. from Mauch 
Chunk to Coal Mine ; Beaver Meadow, 20 ms. from Parrysville to Coal Mine ; Hazelton and Le- 
high, 8 ms. from Hazelton Mine to Beaver 3Ieadow railroad ; Nesquehoning, 5 ms. from Nesque- 
honing Mine to Lehigh River ; Lehigh and Susquehanna, 191 ms. from White Haven to Wilkes- 
barre ; Carbondale and Honesdale, 17i ms., connects the 2 places ; Lykin's Valley, 16^ ms. from Broad 
Mountain to Millersburg ; Pine Grove, 4 ms. from Pine Grove to Coal Mine ; Philadelphia and 
Trenton, 26y ms. from Philadelphia to Morrisville ; Philadelphia, Germantown, and Norristown, 17 
ms. from Philadelphia to Norristown; Germantown branch of do. 4 ms. ; Philadelphia and Wil- 
mington, 27 ms. from Philadelphia to Wilmington. 

This state was granted to William Penn, of the society of Friends, by James II. of England, in 
1681. It had previously been settled by the Swedes and Finns, and conquered by the Dutch ia 
1654. Penn disposed of 20,000 acres to a company of Friends, for 400 pounds sterling, and a 
colony of them came over towards the close of the year, and formed a settlement at Philadelphia. 
It was governed by the proprietors until early in the revolutionary war, w hen the legislature purchased 
it, by paying the proprietors 130,000 pounds sterling, in lieu of all quit-rents. This state was the 
theatre of several hard fought battles in the revolutionary war, particularly of Brandy wine and 
Germantown ; and Philadelphia was for some time in the possession of the British. 

The constitution of the United States was adopted in convention, December 13th, 1787; yeaa 
46, nays 23 ; majority, 23. The United States congress removed from Philadelphia to Washing- 
ton in 1800. 



Penn, township, Philadelphia co.. Pa. Situ- 
ated N. w. of the city of Philadelphia, on which 
it joins. Schuylkill r. bounds it on the w. The 
surface is generally level ; soil, a productive clay 
and loam, well cultivated. Drained on the n. w. 
by Falls run, which affords water power. It is 
the seat of the Girard college, for which the late 
Stephen Girard bequeathed $2,000,000. The 
principal edifice is of white marble, and is 218 
feet long and 160 wide, including the platforms 
which support the columns, and 97 feet high. 
There are 34 columns, of fine Grecian architec- 
ture, of the Corinthian order, around the building, 
55 feet high, and 6 feet diameter at the base. 
The building is incombustible, and will cost over 
$1,200,000 ; and thus a large part of the munifi- 
cent bequest for the gratuitous education of 
orphan boys, will be swallowed up in this ex- 
travagant expenditure. There are 5 buildings 
attached to tiie institution. It has 4 stores, cap. 
$2,900 ; 1 furnaoe, 1 grist m. Cap. in manufac. 
$76,600. Pop. 3,342. 

Penn Yan, p-v., Milo, t., capital of Yates co., 
N. Y., 192 w. Albany, 32y VV. Situated on the 
outlet of Crooked lake, which affords water power. 



It contains a court house, jail, a bank, an acade- 
my, 5 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Congregation- 
al, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist — 24 
stores, 2 warehouses, 2 flouring m., 2 saw m., 1 
furnace, 1 clothier's works, 1 tannery, 1 boat yard, 
3 carriage fac, 1 plough fac, 1 tannery, 2 printing 
offices, each issuing a weekly newspaper, 300 
dwellings, and about 1,800 inhabitants. The 
Crooked Lake canal, 8 ms. long, passes through 
the place, and through Seneca lake connects it 
with the Erie canal. 

Penobscot, r., the largest river of Maine, con- 
sists of two main branches. The la.^ger or west- 
ern branch rises in the highlands, in the western 
part of Maine, and which divide it from Canada, 
and not far from the head waters of the Chaudiere 
r., which flows into the St. Lawrence. After a 
considerable course to the E.it falls intoChesum- 
cook lake, whence passing s. E., and through 
Pemadumcook and other lakes, it unites with the 
ea.'-tern branch. This branch, called the Seboois, 
rises in some small lakes near the head waters of 
tlie Aroostook r., and flows nearly s. to the junc- 
tion, 54 miles above Bangor. Afier the junctioi), 
the river proceeds in a s. e. direction until it re- 



PEN 



521 



PEO 



ceives Mattawamkeag r., from the n. e., which 
is its principal tributary on the e. side. Its di- 
rection is tlien s. s. w., until it receives the Pis- 
catiquis, its chief western tributary ; it then holds 
a direction s. by w. to its entrance into Penobscot 
bay. Its upper portions have many falls and 
rapids, furnishing many excellent mill sites. It is 
about 275 miles long from its source to the ocean. 
It is navigable 50 ms. from the ocean, to Bangor, for 
vessels of a large size, and for boats to a consid- 
erable distance above that. The tide rises at 
Bangor more than 20 feet, to which the same 
causes in a measure contribute, which produce 
sucli an enormous tide in the Bay of Fundy — the 
wedge-like form of the bay, and the current pro- 
duced by the return of the gulf stream. There 
is a number of islands in the river above Ban- 
gor, the principal of which is Oldtown, the resi- 
dence of the Penobscot tribe of Indians, who 
o*/n all the islands in the r. as far as the forks, 
several ms. above Mattawamkeag r., several of 
which are considerable, and fertile. They have 
a considerable annuity, secured to them by the 
state. There are several flourishing towns on the 
Penobscot bay and river. On the e. side are 
Castine, Bucksport, and Orrington. On the w. 
side are Thomaston, Camden, Belfast, Prospect, 
Frankfort, Hamden, Bangor, and Orono. The 
Penobscot bay is a fine body of water, and ex- 
tends from the ocean, at Owl's Head, to Belfast 
bay, about 20 miles. Across the mouth of the 
bay, from Owl's Head to Burnt Coat island, is 
about 30 miles. It embosoms a number of fine 
islands, the principal of which are Deer island. 
Fox islands, Isle of Haut, Long island, and some 
others. From a hill back of Camden, and from 
other points, the view of this bay, with its islands 
and numerous vessels, is exceedingly beautiful. 
The bay and river contain many fine harbors, the 
principal of which are Castine, Belfast, Bucks- 
port, Bangor, and others. 

Penobscot, collection dist. Tonnage, 1840, 
37,130. 

PENonscoT, county, Me. Situated in the N. 
part of the state, and is of great extent, though 
but a small portion of it is settled. Drained in 
its upper parts by tiie head branches of Aroos- 
took and the w. branch of Penobscot rivers, and 
has numerous lakes. In its lower and settled 
parts are Penobscot r. and its branches, ftlat- 
tawamkeag, Sebec, and Kanduskeag rivers. The 
surface is undulating, with some mountains in its 
N. part ; soil, generally fertile. Capital, Bangor. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 19,416, sheep 
35,312, swine 9,442; wheat 112,04! hush, produ- 
ced, rye 9,767, Ind. corn 35,694, buckvvlieat 
3,528, barley 7,919, oats 103,526, potatoes 923,628, 
sugar 12,303 pounds; 11 commercial and com. 
houses in for. trade, cap. $98,500 ; 226 stores, 
cap. $435,731 ; 2 lumber yards, cap. $11,600 ; 10 
fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 21 tanneries, 1 pottery, 
4 flouring m., 28 grist m., 242 saw m., 1 paper 
fac, 3 printing offices, 2 binderies, 1 daily, 2 
weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. .$955,674. 
4 acad. 275 students, 270 sch. 14,797 scholars. 
Pop. 45,705. 

Penobscot, p-t., Hancock co.. Me., 8 n. by je. 
Castine, 78 e. by N. Augusta, 674 W. Situated 
on the E. side of Penobscot r. An arm of Pe- 
nobscot bay sets up from the s. w., and aflJbrds 
facilities for navigation. A large pond lies partly 
in its N. E. part. It has good water power, and 
exports lumber. The soil is fertile, adapted to 
grain. Incorporated in 1817. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $1,300 : 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $1,930. 13 sch. 526 scholars. Pop. 1,474. 
Pensacola, bay, Flor., sets up from the Gulf 
66 



of Mexico, about 11 ms. from the gulf, and is di- 
vided into 3 parts. The w. arm, called Escam- 
bia bay. is 11 nis. long and 4 broad, and receives 
Escambia r. from the n. The middle arm is 
called Yellow Water bay, of about the size of 
Escambia, and receives Yellow Water r., through 
several mouths. Black Water bay, 7 ms. long 
and 2 broad, is attached to the n. w. end of Yel- 
low Water bay, is full of islands, and receives 
Black Water r. and t'edar cr. East bay is 7 ms. 
long, where it tapers to a small r., near St. Rosa's 
sound. This admits frigates of the largest class, 
and is entirely sbeltered from all winds. Its en- 
trance, between Fort Barancas and the w. end 
of St. Rosa island, is about three fourths of a mile 
wide, and is well defended. This harbor has 22 
feet water on the bar at low tide, is completely 
land locked, and is the best on the Gulf of Mexico. 

Pensacola, city, port of entry, and capital 
of Escambia co., Flor., 242 w. Tallahassee, 
1,080 W. Situated on Pensacola bay, 10 miles 
from its entrance into the Gulf of Mexico, on a 
dry sandy plain, 40 or 50 feet above the level of 
the water. The streets are wide, crossing each 
other at right angles. It has 2 public squares, 
each 500 by 300 feet. It contains a court house, 
2 churches — 1 Roman Catholic and 1 Episcopal — 
a market house, custom house, and public store, 
and about 2,000 inhabitants. A v^ harf extends 5 
or 600 feet into the bay. Tlie U. S. navy yard 
is 8 ms. from tlie city, and 5 from the entrance of 
the harbor, and covers nearly 80 acres of ground, 
enclosed by a high brick wall. It contains houses 
for the ofllcers, and a naval store and other build- 
ings adapted to the convenience of the establish- 
ment. 'Phe grounds are laid out in a tasteful 
manner. Tonnage 1840, 2,922. 

Peoria, lake. 111., is an expansion of the Illi- 
nois r., commencing at Peoria v., extending about 
20 ms. in a n. e. direction. It is much wider 
than the r., and has very little current. The 
water is clear, with a gravelly bottom. It is di- 
vide<l into 2 parts by the Narrows, and abounds 
with various kinds of fish, which are abundantly 
taken with the seine. 

Peoria, county, 111. Situated toward the w. 
part of the state, and contains 648 sq. ms. Or- 
ganized in 1825. The surface is gently rolling : 
soil, very fertile. Illinois r. runs on its e. bound- 
ary. Drained by Spoon r., and ( 'opperas, Kick- 
apoo, and Senalchwine creeks. Capital, Peoria. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,848, sheep 3,55 4, 
swine 24,077; wheat 13,240 bush, produced, Ind. 
corn 218,540, barley 5,010, oats 6-*,416, potatoes 
30,039; 2 commission houses, cap. $10,000; 19 
stores, cap. $150,000; 1 tannery, 1 brewery, 2 
printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in 
manufac. $16,275. 27 sch. 1,161 schl's. Pop. 6,153. 

Peoria, p-o., Wyoming co., N. Y., 238 w. Al- 
bany, 356 W. 

Peoria, p-v., capital of Peoria co.. 111., 70 n. 
Springfield, 784 W. Situated on the vv. bank of 
Illinois r. at the outlet of I'eoria lake. The situ- 
ation is beautiful. The first bank of the r. grad- 
ually rises from 6 to 12 feet above high water 
mark, and extends back a quarter of a mile from 
the r. to the second bank, which rises 5 or 6 feet 
above the first bank. The second bank extends 
back to the blufTs, which are from 60 to 100 feet 
high, by a steep ascent, and present from their 
lop an extensive and beautiful prospect. It con- 
tains a court house, jail, an academy, 6 churches 
— 2 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, 1 Epis- 
copal, and 1 Unitarian — 21 stores, cap. $160,0iX); 
1 tannery, 1 brewery, 2 printing offices, 2 steam 
saw m., 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $16,275. 4 sch. 236 scholars. Pop. 1,467. 



PER 



522 



PER 



Papacton, r. (See Delaware r.) 

Papacton, p-o., Colchester t., Delaware co., 
N. Y., 93 w. s. w. Albany, 321 W. 

Pepperell, p-t., Middlesex co., Mass., 38 n. 
w. Bo.ston, 434 W. Nashua r. runs on its E. 
boundary. Watered also by Nisitissit r., both of 
which afford water power. The surface is level 
on the r., but back of this, uneven. The soil is 
fertile, particularly on the r. The v., at the cen- 
tre, contains 1 Congregational and 1 Unitarian 
church, and a private insane asylum. Incorpo- 
rated in 1753. It has 3 stores, cap. $7,000 ; 3 pa- 
per fac, 3 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$40,000. 1 acad. 60 students, 8 sch. 468 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,571. 

Pequannock, cr., N. J., nses in Sussex co., 
in the Wallkill and Wawayanda mountains, and 
flows s. e. and s. 27 miles, and enters Passaic r. 
Below Pompton v. it is called Pompton r. Its 
current is rapid, and it affords good water power. 

PEauANNocK, t., Morris co., N. J., 10 n. Mor- 
ristown. The surface is hilly and mountainous ; 
soil, loam and clay. Bounded n. e. by Pequan- 
nock cr., and e. by Pompton r. Drained by a 
branch of Rockaway r. Iron ore abounds in the 
N. w., and sulpliate of iron is found in Copperas 
mountain. Green pond is 3 ms. long and half a 
mile wide, and is surrounded by picturesque 
scenery, and abounds with fish. It contains the 
villages of Pompton, Montville, and Powerville. 
Morris canal passes through its s. part. It has 13 
stores, cap. .$45,600 ; 2 woollen fac, 6 tanneries, 
2 distilleries, 6 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $57,400. 22 sch. 873 scholars. Pop. 5,190. 

PEauANNOCK, r., Ct., a small stream which 
enters the n. part of Bridgeport harbor. 

Pequawkett, r., N. H., commonly called 
Peevvacket r., enters Saco r. in Conway. 

pEauEST, cr., N. J., rises by 2 branches, which 
unite in Independence t., Warren co., and flow- 
ing 30 ms., it enters Delaware r. at Belvidere v. 
It is a large and rapid stream, and aflfords exten- 
sive water power. 

PEduoT, p-v., Groton t, New London co., Ct., 
48 s. E. Hartford, 357 W. 

Pequot, p-o., Calumet co., Wis., 114 n. e. 
Madison, 962 W. 

Perch, r., N. Y., rises in Orleans t., Jefferson 
CO., and flows s. w. into Black River bay, at Dex- 
ter V. 

Perch River, p-o., Brownville t., Jefferson co., 
N. Y., 175 N. w. Albany, 427 W. 

Percivals, p-o., Brunswick co., Va., 70 s. by 
w. Richmond, 183 W. 

Perdido, r., Ala. and Flor., rises in Baldwin 
CO., Ala., and flowing southerly 40 ms., enters a 
narrow and shallow bay, which sets up from the 
Gulf of Mexico. 

Perkiomen, r., Pa., rises at the foot of South 
mountain, in Upper Milford t., and flowing s. 
about 30 ms., enters Schuylkill r. 6 miles above 
Norristown. It receives a number of tributaries, 
which, witii the main river, afford good water 
power. 

Perkins, p-t., Erie co., O., 15 n. w. Norwalk, 
115 N. Columbus, 419 W. It has 3 sch. 50 schol- 
ars. Pop. 839. 

Perkinsville, p-v., Wethersfield t., Wind- 
sor CO., Vt., 71 s. Montpelier, 465 W. It contains 
a broadcloth fac, with several other mechanical 
establishments. It contains an academy and 
about 200 inhabitants. 

Perkinsvillf, p-v., Burke co., N. C, 270 w. 
Raleigh, 425 W. 

PERauiMANS, county, N. C. Situated in the 
N. E. part of the state, and contains 175 sq. miles, 
little r. bounds it on the n. e. Drained by Per- 



quimans r., both of which flow into Albemarle 
sound, which bounds it on the s. Capital, Hert- 
ford. There were in 1840, neat cattle 6,335, 
sheep 4,766, swine 19,123 ; wheat 35,649 bushels 
produced, Ind. corn, 369,032, oats 22,068, potatoes 
40,222, cotton 65,216 pounds ; 9 stores, capital 
$55,500 ; 10 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $31,000. 5 sch. 82 scholars. Pop. whites 
4,096, slaves, 2,943, free col'd 307; total, 7,346. 

Perrine, p-o., Mercer co., Pa., 224 w. n. w. 
Harrisburg, 277 W. 

Perrin's Mills, p-o., Miami t., Clermont co., 
O., 109 s. w. Columbus, 480 W. 

Perrinsville, p-v., Monmouth co., N. J., 24 
E. Trenton, 190 W. 

Perrinton, t., Monroe co., N. Y. It has 5 
stores, cap. $18,500 ; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 

1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $25,400. 16 sch. 740 scholars. Pop. 2,513. 

Perry, county. Pa. Situated a little s. of 
the centre of the state, and contains 540 square 
miles. The surface is mountainous and rough ; 
soil, extensively fertile. Drained by Juniata 
r. and Sherman's creek. There is a warm me- 
dicinal spring on Sherman's cr., 11 N. Carlisle, 
which discharges 90 gallons of water in a minute, 
useful in cutaneous and other disorders. Capital, 
Bloomfield. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
15,043, sheep 16,932, swine 21,484 ; wheat 200,638 
bushels produced, rye 143,519, Ind. corn 150,095, 
buckwheat 37,052, oats 192,258, potatoes 89,369 ; 
57 stores, cap. $169,200 ; 5 lumber yards, cap. 
$1,600; 7 fulling m., 5 woollen fac, 8 furnaces, 

2 forges, 23 tanneries, 13 distilleries, 4 potteries, 
2 printing offices, 2 weekly new.spapers, 24 flour- 
ing m., 26 grist m., 120 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac $264,024. 1 acad. 20 students, 92 sch. 3,829 
scholars. Pop. 17,096. 

Perry, county, Ala. Situated a little s. vv. 
of the centre of the state, and contains 936 sq. 
ms. Drained by Catawba r. and its branches, 
and by branches of Black Warrior r. Capital, 
Marion. There were in 1840, neat cattle 23,813, 
sheep 5,432, swine 52,292 ; wheat 32,694 bushels 
produced, rye 4,262, Indian corn 792,384, oats 
29,297, potatoes 60,434, cotton 12,680,177 pounds ; 
2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 9 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $20,950. 2 acad. 95 students, 6 sch. 
134 scholars. Pop. whites 8,721, slaves 10,343, 
free col'd 22 ; total, 19,086. 

Perry, county. Miss. Situated in the s. e. 
part of the state, and contains 1,044 square miles. 
Drained by Leaf river and its branches, and by 
Black cr. and its branches, tributaries of Pasca- 
goula r. The surface is somewhat broken ; soil, 
not very fertile, covered with pine timber. Cap- 
ital, Augusta. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
13,645, sheep 1,415, swine 10,579; Indian corn 
42,520 bushels produced, potatoes 19,481, rice 
33,250 pounds, cotton 68,446 ; 2 stores, capital 
$4,000 ; 6 grist m.. 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$20,950. 6 sch. 88 scholars. Pop. whites 1,425, 
slaves 454, free col'd 10; total, 1,889. 

Perry, county, Tenn. Centrally situated to- 
ward the w, part of the state, and contains 575 
sq. ms. Drained by Tennessee r., and small 
streams which flow into it, and by Buffalo r. and 
its branches, a tributary of Duck creek. Capital, 
Perrysburg. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
2,928, sheep 3,874, swine 13,702; wheat 17,520 
bush, produced, Ind. corn 58,391, oats 18,679, po- 
tatoes 2,875, tobacco 44,895 pounds, cotton 4,787 ; 
6 stores, cap. $28,000 ; 2 furnaces, 6 tanneries, 8 
distilleries, 10 grist m., 20 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $25,000. 4 acad. 113 students, 7 sch. 300 
scholars. Pop. whites 6,713, slaves 688, free col'd 
8 ; total, 7,419. 



PER 



523 



PER 



Perry, county, Ky. Situated in the s. e. part 
of the state, and contains 760 sq. miles. Drained 
by the North and Middle forks of Kentucky r. 
and their branches. Laurel mountain runs on its 
N. border. The surface is uneven, with exten- 
sive and fertile valleys. Capital, Hazard. There 
were in 1810, neat cattle 6,001, sheep 3,428, swine 
r2,421 ; wheat 2,981 bush, produced, Indian corn 
88,070, oats 18,441, potatoes 4,421, tobacco 4,713 
pounds, sugar 3,761 ; 4 stores, cap. $3,600 ; 3 tan- 
neries, 48 distilleries, 34 grist m., 1 saw m. Pop. 
whites 2,923, slaves 143, free col'd 23 ; total, 3,089. 

Perry, county, O. Situated toward the s. e. 
part of the state, and contains 400 sq. ms. The 
surface is hilly ; soil, fertile. Watered by small 
tributaries of Hockhocking and Muskingum riv- 
ers. Capital, Somerset. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 11,742, sheep 26,299, swine 23,968; 
wheat 293,472 bush, produced, rye 6,913, Indian 
corn 326,312, buckwheat 5,701, oats 164,059, po- 
tatoes 50,194, t<jbacco 156,835 pound.*, sugar 
91,732 ; 36 stores, cap. 56,625 ; 1 falling m., 2 
woollen fac, 11 tanneries, 4 distilleries, 2 potte- 
ries, 7 flouring m., 18 grist m., 36 saw m., 1 oil ra., 
2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. 
in manufac. $102,064. 1 acad. 80 students, 92 
sch. 2,939 scholars. Pop. 19,344. 

Perry, county, la. Situated in the s. part of 
the state, and contains 400 sq. ms. The surface 
is hilly ; soil, fertile. The Ohio r. runs on its s. 
E., s., and s. w. border. Drained by Anderson's, 
Deer, Bear, and Oil creeks. Capital, Rome. 
There were in 1810, neat cattle4,611, sheep.5,073, 
swine 14,780 ; wheat 13,452 bush, produced, Ind. 
corn 170,295, oats 29,736, potatoes 8,622, tobacco 
21,419 pounds, sugar 6,076; 12 stores, capital 
$24,250 ; 6 tanneries, 5 distilleries, 1 pottery, 2 
grist m., 4 savi' m. Cap. in manufac. S9,131. 8 
sch. 194 scholars. Pop. 4,655. 

Perry, county. 111. Situated toward the s. 
w. part of the state, and contains 432 sq. miles. 
The surface is level, having one third prairie ; 
soil, moderately fertile. Drained by Big Beau- 
coup and Little Muddy creeks, and St. Mary's r. 
Capital, Pinkneyville. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 16,666, sheep 4,113, swine 10,223; wheat 
14,667 bush, produced, Ind. corn 169,445, oats 
31,754, potatoes 4,556, tobacco 3,140 pounds; 4 
stores, cap. $3,060 ; 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 1 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $650. I acad. 9 students, 
13 sch. 335 scholars. Pop. 3,222. 

Perry, county. Mo. Situated toward the s. 
E. part of the state, and contains 400 sq. ms. The 
surface is various ; soil, on the bottoms, very fer- 
tile. The Mississippi r. runs on its n. e. bound- 
ary. Drained by several fine mill streams. Cap- 
ital, Perrysville. There were in 1840, neat cat- 
tle 3,6S0, sheep 3,1 16, swine 8,530 ; wheat 11,684 
bush, produced, Ind. corn 184.320, oats 9,415, po- 
tatoes 5,361, tobacco 11,400 pounds, cotton 2,500; 
1 commercial house, cap. $2,300 ; 14 stores, cap. 
$83,800 ; 4 tanneries, 4 distilleries, 7 grist m., 4 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $37,680 ; I college, 75 
students, 8 sch. 169 scholars. Pop. whites 4,968, 
slaves 778, free col'd 14 ; total, 5,760. 

Perry, p-t., Washington co.. Me., 5 n. w. East- 
port, 191 e. n. e. Augusta, 777 W. Situated on 
the w. side of St. Croix r. Incorporated in 1818. 
li has Passamaquoddy bay on the E., and Cobs- 
cook bay on the s., and lias considerable naviga- 
tion employed in the lumber trade and the fishe- 
ries. It is connected with Eastport by a bridge. 
It contains the remains of the Passamaquoddy 
Indians, who have a small v. containing a Roman 
Catholic church, and about 20 small dwellings. 
It has 1 grist rn., 5 saw m. Capital in manufac. 
$9,100; 11 sch. 356 scholars. Pop. 1,008. 



Perry, p-t., Wyoming co., N. Y., 243 w. Alba- 
ny, 360 W. The surface is undulating; soil, 
sandy and clay loiim. Silver lake lies partly in 
this t., by the outlet of which it is watered. The 
V. is situated on the outlet of Silver lake. Incor- 
porated in 1830, and contains 4 churches — 1 Pres- 
byterian, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, and 1 Univer- 
salist — 15 stores, 2 printing offices, 4 flouring m., 
2 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 clothiers' works, 2 furnaces, 

1 tannery, 180 dwellings, and about 1,200 inhab- 
itants. There are in the 1. 10 stores, cap. $37,800 ; 

2 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 1 printing office, 2 week- 
ly newspapers, 1 flouring m., 3 grist m., 11 saw 
m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $16,900. 8 sch. 
218 scholars. Pop. 3,0S2. 

Perry, p-o., Venango co., Pa., 216 w. n. w. 
Harrisburg, 305 W. 

Perry, t., Union co., Pa. It has 2 stores, cap. 
$4,000 ; 2 fulling m., 1 tannery, 5 grist m., 9 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $1,250. Pop. 1,254. 

Perry, t., Armstrong co.. Pa. Watered by 
Alleghany r. and its branch. Clarion r. Iron ore 
is found. It has 2 stores, cap. $2,100; 1 fulling 
m., 3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 4 grist m., 4 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $11,925. 4 sch. 206 scholars. 
Pop. 1,122. 

Perry, t., Jefferson co., Pa. The surface is roll- 
ing ; soil, gravel and loam. Watered by Little 
Sandy Lick cr. and Mahoning cr. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $3,000 ; 1 fullins m., 2 grist m., 4 saw ra. 
Cap. in manufac. $5,900. Pop. 1,076. 

Perry, t., Fayette co.. Pa. It has 7 stores, 
cap. $17,900; 2 tanneries, 2 flouring m., 1 grist 
m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,155. 4 sell. 
156 scholars. Pop. 1,350. 

Perry, p-t.. Lake co., O., 182 n. e. Columbus, 
356 W. Situated on the s. shore of Lake Erie. 
It contains 2 churches, 10 sch. 627 scholars. Pop. 
1,339. 

Perry, t., Allen co., O. It contains 561 in- 
habitants. 

Perry, t.. Brown co., O. It contains the vil- 
lages of Cedarsville and Fayetteville. It has 4 
sch. 92 scholars. Pop. 1,869. 

Perry, t., Carroll co., O. It contains Perrys- 
ville V. It has 2 sch. 55 scholars. Pop. 1,344. 

Perry, t., Coshocton co., O. It contains Clays- 
ville and Guilford villages. It has 3 stores, cap. 
$2,900 ; 2 tanneries, 1 grist ra., 2 saw ra., 4 sch. 
Ill scholars. Pop. 1,339. 

Perry, t., Columbiana co., O. It contains the 
v. of Salem. Pop. 1,530. 

Perry, t.. Pike co., O. It has 2 stores, capital 
$3,000 ; 2 saw m., 3 sch. 89 scholars. Pop. 558. 

Perry, t., Franklin co., O. Situated on the E. 
side of Scioto r. The surface is level ; soil, fer- 
tile. 2 sch. 63 scholars. Pop. 1,037. 

Perry, t., Fairfield co., O. Pop. 1,172. 

Perry, t., Gallia co , O. Watered by Racoon 
and Symmes' creeks. The soil is fertile. It con- 
tains Patriot v. It has 1 store, cap. $800 ; 1 dis- 
tillery, 1 grist m. Pop. 972. 

Perry, t., Lawrence co., O. It contains iron 
ore and stone coal. The soil is sterile. It has 3 
sch. 102 scholars. Pop. 663. 

Perry, t., Wayne co., O. It contains 2,079 
inhabitants. 

Perry, t.. Licking co., O. It contains the v 
of Elizabethtown, and has 994 inhabitants. 

Perry, 1., Shelby co., O. It has 1 grist m., 2 
saw m. Pop. 861. 

Perry, t., Logan co., O. Watered by Rush 
cr. It contains the v. of East Liberty. It has 6 
sch. 210 scholars. Pop. 1,044. 

Perry, t.. Stark co., O. Pop. 2,209. 

Perry, t., Montgomery co., O. It has 6 sch. 
305 scholars. Pop. l.SSl. 



PER 



524 



PER 



Perrv, t., Monroe co., O. It has 2 sch. 25 
scholars. Pop. 932. 

Pf:RR V, t., Mu.skingum co., O. It contains 1,061 
inhabitants. 

Perrv, t., Pickaway co., O. It has 3 stores, 
cap. $7,800; 1 fulhng m., 1 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 
1,277. 

Pkrry, t., Putnam co., O. It contains 266 in- 
habitants. 

Perry, t., Richland co., O. It contains 1,853 
inhabitants. 

Perry, t. Stark co., O. It has 2 sch. 40 scho- 
lars. Pop. 2,209. 

Perry, t., Tuscarawas co., O. It has 4 stores, 
cap. $3,200 ; 6 sch. 558 scholars. Pop. 1,381. 

Perry, t.. Wood co., O. It has 5 sch. 127 
scholars. Pop. 550. 

Perry, t., Marion co., la. It has 1 distillery, 
2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,000. 9 
sch. 231 scholars. Pop. 1,510. 

Perry, t., Miami co., la. It has 2 tanneries, 3 
sch. 50 scholars. Pop. 593. 

Perry, t., Tippecanoe co., la. It contains 807 
inhabitants. 

Perry, t., Wayne co., la. It contains 1,741 
inhabitants. 

Perry, t., Johnson co.. Ark. It has 1 store, 
cap. $4,500 ; 1 tannery, 2 sch. 50 scholars. Pop. 
510. 

Perry, p-t, Allen co., la., 143 n. e. Indianap- 
oli.s, 566 W. It has 3 sch. 95 scholars. Pop. 293. 

Perry, t., Clay co., la. It has 2 grist m., 1 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $4,785. 2 sch. 53 scholars. 
Pop. 433. 

Perry, p-v.. Pike co.. 111., 66 w. Springfield, 
846 W. It is a pleasant v., containing 2 stores, 
and a immber of dwellings. It is surrounded by 
a fine country, diversified with timber and prairie. 
There are in the precinct, 2 stores, cap. ,$2,800 ; 
1 tannery, 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $2,830. 10 sch. 627 scholars. Pop. 1,339. 

Perry, p-v., capital of Houston co., Ga., 59 s. 
w. Milledgeville, 715 W. Situated on the n. 
bank of Indian cr., about midway between Flint 
and Ocmulgee rivers. It contains a court house, 
jail, 1 Baptist and 1 Methodist church, 8 stores, 
and about 40 dwellings. 

Perry Centre, p-v., Perry t., Wyoming co., 
N. Y., 245 w. Albany, 362 W. 

Perry, C. H., Ala. (See Marion.) 

Perry, C. H., p-v., capital of Perry co., Ky., 
151 s. E. by e. Frankfort. Situated on the e. 
side of Kentucky r. It contains a court house 
and several dwellings. 

Perrymansville, p-v., Harford co., Md. 

Perryopolis, p-v., Washington t., Fayette co., 
Pa., 192 w. by s. Harrisburg, 217 W. Situated 
on the Youghiogeuy r. It contains 1 church, 3 
stores, 1 glass fac, and about 80 dwelUngs. 

Perryopolis, p-v., Monroe co., O., 106 e. Co- 
lumbus, 303 W. 

Perry's Bridge, p-v., La Fayette par.. La., 
218 w. New Orleans. Situated on w. side of 
Vermilion r., 25 ms. above its entrance into Ver- 
milion bay. 

Perrysisurg, p-t., Cattaraugus co., N. Y., 
306 w. by s. Albany, 358 W. The surface is 
broken ; soil, gravelly and clay loam. Drained 
by small streams running into Cattaraugus cr., 
which bounds it on the n. It has 3 stores, cap. 
$6,900 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $10,350. 9 sch. 400 scholars. Pop. 
1,660. 

Perrysburg, p-v., capital of Wood co., O., 123 
N. N. w. Columbus, 454 W. Situated at the head 
of steamboat navigation on Maumee r., 13 miles 
from the light-house on the lake shore. It con- 



tains a court house, jail, 3 churches — 1 Presby- 
terian, 1 Methodist, and 1 Universalist — 20 stores, 
of different kinds, numerous mechanic shops, 2 
steam saw m., 1 tannery, 1 printing office, and 
about 350 dwellings. It has 1,000 feet of wharf, 
3 large warehouses, and a shipyard. It is situa- 
ted on the s. e. bank of the r., 60 feet above its 
surface, on a ri.'iing ground, which commands a 
fine prospect. It was laid out in 1317, and en- 
larged in 1835. There are in the t. 1 store, cap. 
$1,000; 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,500. 
Pop. 1,065. 

Perrysburg, p-v., Miami co., la., 101 n. In- 
dianapolis, 6 10 W. 

Perry's Cross Roads, p-o., Edgefield dist., S. 
C, 52 w. Columbia, 516 W. 

Perry's Mills, p-v., Champlain t., Clinton 
CO., N. y., 193 N. Albany, 563 W. Situated on 
Chazy r., 1 mile s. of the Canada line. It contains 
2 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw ra., 1 cloth dressing and 
carding machine, 20 dwellings, and about 100 
inhabitants. 

Perry's Mills, p-o., Tatnall co., Ga., 144 s. e. 
Milledgeville, 755 W. 

Perrysville, p-v., S. Kingston t., Washing- 
ton CO., R. I., 41 s. Providence, 3i9 W. It con- 
tains a church and several dwellings. 

Perrysville, p-v., Fennert., Madison co., N. 
Y., 115 w. by N. Albany, 358 W. It contains 1 
church, 1 store, 1 flouring m., 1 tannery, 1 distil- 
lery, 40 dwellings, and about 250 inhabitants. 

Perrysville, p-v., Bethlehem t., Huntingdon 
CO., N. J., 10 N. Flemington, 36 x. vv. Trenton, 
196 W. Situated at the s. E. foot of Musconet- 
cong mountain. 

Perrysville, p-v., Ross t., Alleghany co.. Pa., 
8 N. Pittsburg, 208 w. Harrisburg, 234 W. It 
contains 1 store and 10 or 12 dwellings. 

Perrysville, p-v., Cecil co., Md., 65 n. e. 
Annapolis, 75 W. 

Perrysville, p-v.. Perry co., Ala. 

Perrysville, p-v., capital of Perry co., Tenn., 
95 w. s. w. Nashville, 779 W. Situated on the 
w. side of Tennessee r. It contains a court 
house and several stores and dwellings. 

Perrysville, p-v., Boyle co., Ky., 41 s. 
Frankfort, 563 W. It contains about 500 im- 
habitants. 

Perrysville, p-v., Green t., Richland co., O., 
78 N. N. e. Columbus, 368 W. Situated on the 
Black Fork of Mohiccan cr., and contains 2 stores 
and several mechanic shops. 

Perrysville, p-t., Vermilion co., la., 81 w. 
Indianapolis, 652 W. Situated on the w. side of 
the Wabash r. It has 8 stores, cap. $55,200 ; 1 
distillery, 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 
1 flouring m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$11,400. 1 sch. 60 scholars. Pop. 420. 

Perrysville, p-v., capital of Perry co.. Mo., 
214 e. s. e. Jeflferson City, 868 W. Situated on 
Saline cr., 10 miles w. of the Mississippi r. It 
contains a court house, jail, and about 100 in- 
habitants. 

Perrysville, p-v., capital of Perry co.. Ark., 
55 w. N. w. Little Rock, 1,110 W. Situated on 
the N. side of La F6ve r., a branch of Arkansas r. 
It contains a courthouse and a few dwellings. 

Perryton, p-v.. Perry t., Licking co., O., 61 
N. E. Columbus, 358 W. Situated in Elizabeth- 
town v., which contains 1 church, 1 store, and 
about 15 dwellings. 

Persia, p-t., Cattaraugus co., N. Y., 302 w. Al- 
bany, 354 W. The surface is undulating ; soil, 
a fertile clay and gravelly loam. Drained by 
tributaries of Cattaraugus cr., which bounds it on 
the N. It has 6 stores, cap. $43,2UO ; 1 woollen 
fac, 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 1 grist 



PER 



525 



PET 



in., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $17,400. 4 sch. 
308 scholars. Pop. 892. 

Persia, t., Boone co., Mo. It has 4 sch. 82 
scholars. Pop. 2,222. 

Persoi\, county, N. C. Situated in the n. 
part of the state, and contains 410 sq. ms. Drain- 
ed by branches of Dan r., and by head branches 
of Neu.se r. Capital, Roxboro'. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 2,971, sheep 3,027, swine 7,832 ; 
wheat 18,712 bushels produced. Lid". 12,038, oats 
36,610, potatoes 4,994, tobacco 1,030,303 lbs., cot- 
ton 107,200 ; 5 stores, cap. $12,400 ; 5 flouring in., 
15 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $23,050. 

1 acad. 20 students, 7 sch. 1.V2 scholars. Pop. 
1830, 10,027 ; 1840, whites 5,229, slaves 4,351, 
free col'd 110; total, 9,790. 

Perth, p-t., Fulton co., N. Y., 46 n. w. Al- 
bany, 419 VV. The surface is rolling; soil, clay 
loam. Drained by Chucktenunda cr. It has 1 
store, cap. $1,500 ; 1 tannery, 2 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $1,500. 3 sch. 132 scholars. Pop. 
737. 

Perth Amboy, city, p-v., and port of entry, 
Middlesex co., N. J., 46 n. e. Trenton, 212 W. 
Situated at the head of Raritan bay, at the con- 
fluence of Raritan r. with Arthur kill, or Staten 
Island sound. The harbor is spacious and safe, 
easy of access, with 12 feet of water in the estu- 
ary, and from 24 to 26 in the main channel. It 
was laid out in 1698, and an effort was early 
made to constitute it the capital of the province. 
Its present city charter was given in 1784. It 
contains 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episco- 
pal, and 1 Baptist — 1 pottery ; 9 stores, cap. 
$38,500 ; 2 sch. 98 scholars. Pop. 1,303. The 
collection district includes all the e. part of New 
Jersey s. of Elizabethtown, excepting the district 
of Little Egg Harbor. Tonnage 1840, 17,843. 
It is a pleasant place of summer resort from New 
York. 

Peru, p-t., Oxford co.. Me., 40 w. by n. Au- 
gusta, 612 W. Androscoggin r. runs on its n. 
boundary, by tributaries of which, is.suing from 
ponds, it is watered. The soil is fertile, adapted 
to grain. Incorporated in 1821. It lias 1 store, 

2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,800. 
8 sch. 209 scholars. Pop. 1,002. 

Peru, p-t., Bennington co., Vt., 100 s. s. w. Mont 
pelier, 439 W. The surface is mountainous, ly- 
ing on the Green mountain range. It has 2 ponds, 
one of 60 and one of 40 acres. Watered by liead 
branches of West r. It has a Congregational 
church, and some Episcopalians, Methodists, 
and Baptists. Incorporated in 1761. First settled 
in 1773. It has 1 store, 2 flouring m., 5 grist m., 
8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $11,910. 6 sch. 260 
scholars. Pop. 578. 

Peru, p-t., Berkshire co., Mass., 118 w. Boston, 
338 W. The surface is mountainous, being on 
the Green mountain range ; soil, hard and stony, 
adapted to grazmg. It contains a Congregational 
church. It has 1 woollen fac, 3 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. §51,800. 5 sch. 162 scholars. Pop. 
576. 

Peru, p-t., Clinton co., N. Y., 10 s. Plattsburg, 
153 N. Albany, 52S W. Tiie suriace is level or un- 
dulating on the E. and hilly on the w. The soil is 
a fertile sandy and clay loam. Watered by Little 
Au Sable r. flowing into Lake Champlain, by 
which it is bounded on the e., on which is a con- 
venient landing, and where are a few dwellings. 
The principal v. is on both sides of Little Au Sable 
r., 4 miles w. of the lake, and contams 1 Presby- 
terian and 1 Methodist church, 6 stores, 1 wool- 
len fac, 1 gri^t m., 1 saw m., 1 tannery, 125 
dvvelluigs, and about 800 inhabitants. Tliere are 
in the t. 9 stores, cap. $31,000 ; 1 woollen fac, 2 



tanneries, 1 grist m., 19 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
ftic $38,230. 13 sch. 305 scholars. Population 
3,134. 

Peru, p-t., Huron co., O., 93 n. Columbus, 
393 W. The v. is situated on the E. branch of 
Huron r. It contains 1 church, 2 flouring m., 2 
saw m., 1 distillery, 40 or 50 dwellings, and about 
300 iidiabitants. It is surrounded by a highly 
cultivated country. There are in the t. 14 sch. 
554 scholars. Pop. 2,000. 

Peru, t., Delaware co., O., 36 N.Columbus. It 
has 6 sch. 122 scholars. Pop. 737. 

Peru, p-v., capital of Miami county, la., 90 n. 
Indianapolis, 592 W. Situated on the n. bank 
of Wabash r. The Wabash and Erie canal 
passes through it. It contains a court house and 
several stores and dwellings. There are m the 
t. 9 stores, cap. $86,300; 1 tannery, 1 printing 
ofl£ice, 1 weekly and I semi-weekly newspapers. 
2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac $6,800. 
4 sch. 112 scholars. Pop. 961. 

Peru, p-v., Dubuque co., Iowa, 5 n. Dubuque. 
Situated on the s. side of Little Makoqueta r., 
a little above its entrance into Mississippi r. 

Peruville, p-v., Groton t., Tompkins co., N. 
Y., 165 w. by s. Albany, 309 W. It contains 1 
Presbyterian church, 2 stores, 1 grist m., 2 saw 
m., 1 tannery, 30 dwellings, and about 200 in- 
habitants. 

Petawl.\, p-o., Randolph co., Ga. 

Peters, t., Franklin co., Pa., 12 s. w. Cham- 
bersburg. The surface is level ; soil, calcareous 
loam. Drained by the w. branch of Coneco- 
cheague cr. It has some iron works, a noted sul- 
phur spring, and a curious cave. There are 3 
stores, cap. $8,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 

1 furnace, 3 forges, 4 tanneries, 3 flouring m., 1 
grist m., 6 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. 
$23,750. 13 sch. 385 scholars. Pop. 1,939. 

Peters, t., Washington co., Pa., II n. E. 
Washington b. The surface is hilly ; soil, loam. 
Drained by Chartier's and Peters' creeks. It 
contains Findlaysville v. It has 4 stores, cap. 
$9,000 ; 3 tanneries, 2 flouring m., 4 grist m., 6 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $16,900. 2 sch. 80 
scholars. Pop. 1,024. 

Petersborough, p-t., Hillsboro' co., N. H., 
41 s. w. Concord, 447 W. The «urface is un- 
even ; soil, fertile, and excellent on the streams. 
Drained by Contoocook r. and its branches, 
which afford good water power. Chartered in 
1738. It has 6. stores, cap. $21,800 ; 2 fulling m., 

2 woollen fac, 5 cotton fac. 6,044 sp., 1 furnace, 
2 tanneries, 1 paper fac, 6 grist m., 7 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $309,225. 1 acad. 90 students, 
13 sch. 671 scholars. Pop. 2,163. 

Petersborough, p-v., Smithfield t., Madison 
CO., N. Y., 108 w. by n. Albany, 361 W. It con- 
tains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Baptist church, 4 
stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 clothier's works, 
60 dwellings, and about 350 inhabitants. 

Petersborough, p-v., Tioga co.. Pa., 151 n. 
Harrisburg, 265 W. 

Petersburg, p-t., Rensselaer co., N. Y., 26 e. 
Albany, 392 W. The suriace is hilly and 
mountainous, with a fertile valley extending 
through it ; the soil, loam on slate and lime- 
stone. W'atcred by Little Hoosick cr. It has 5 
stores, cap. $10,200; 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 5 
saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $13,000. 13 
sch. 627 scholars. Pop. 1,901. 

I'etebsburg, p-o., Luzerne co., Pa., Ill n. e. 
Harrisburg, 217 W. 

Petersburg, t., Huntingdon co.. Pa. It has 
2 stores, cap. $10,500 ; 2 commission houses, cap. 
$4,000. Pop. 196. 

Petersburg, p-b., port of entry, Dinwiddle co., 



PET 



526 



PHI 



Va., on the s. bank of Appomattox r., 12 ms. above 
its entrance into James r., at City Point, in 37'^ 
13' 54" N. lat. and 77° 20' w. Ion., 23 s. by e. 
Richmond, 140 W. Pop. 1830, 8,322 ; 1840, 
11,136. The river is navigable to this place for 
vessels of 100 tons, and the falls immediately 
above it afford an extensive water pov^er. A 
canal is cut round these falls for the purpose of 
navigation. The borough contains, besides Pe- 
tersburg, the village of Blandford, in Prince 
George co., and of Pocahontas, in Chesterfield 
CO. It has a court house, jail, masonic hall, 2 
banks, and an insurance office. It has 7 churches 
— 1 Presbyterian, 1 Methodist, 1 Baptist, 1 Epis- 
copal, and 2 African. The great southern chain 
of railroads passes through it, and adds to its im- 
portance. It is one of the handsomest and most 
commercial towns in the state, and exports 
largely tobacco and flour. The tonnage in 1840, 
was 3,098. There were 6 commercial and 8 
commission houses engaged in for. trade, cap. 
$875,000; 121 retail stores, cap. $1,026,250; 2 
lumber yards, cap. $6,000 ; 1 furnace, 6 forges, 

1 woollen fac, 2 cotton fac. 7,520 sp., 1 pottery, 

2 ropewalks, 2 flouring m., 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 2 
printing offices, 1 semi- weekly newspaper. Cap. 
in manufac. $726,555. 8 acad. 386 students, 7 
sch. 125 scholars. In July, 1815, a disastrous 
fire destroyed 400 buildings, and property esti- 
mated at $2,000,000. It has been rebuilt in an 
improved form, with three story brick buildings. 

Petersburg, p-v., Elbert co., Ga., 96 n. e. 
Milledgeville, 552 W. Situated at the conflu- 
ence of Savannah and Broad rivers. It is a con- 
siderable v., but less flourisliing than formerly. 

Petersburg, p-v., Lincoln co., Tenn., 72 s. 
Nashville, 718 W. 

Peter.sburg, p-v., Boone co., Ky., 91 n. 
Frankfort, 516 W. 

Petersburg, p-v., Springfield t., Columbiana 
CO., O., 181 E. N. E. Columbus, 275 W. It con- 
tains 187 inhabitants. 

Petersburg, p-v., capital of Pike co., la., 138 
s. w. Indianapolis, 677 W. Situated a little s. of 
White r. It contains a court house, several 
stores and dwellings. 

Petersburg, p-v., capital of Menard co., m., 
21 N. w. Springfield, 801 W. Situated on the w. 
side of Sangamon r., and contains a court house, 
6 stores, 1 steam saw m. and grist m., and about 
25 dwellings. 

Petersburg, p-v., Boone co.. Mo., 54 N.Jef- 
ferson City, 943 W. 

Petersburg Four Corners, p-o., Peters- 
burg t., Rensselaer co., N. Y., 31 e. Albany, 397 
W. 

Peters Creek, p-o., Bladen co., N. C. 

Peters Creek, p-o., Barren co., Ky., 143 s. 
w. Frankfort, 664 W. 

Petersham, p-t., Worcester co., Mass., 64 w. 
by N. Boston, 462 W. The surface is elevated 
and moderately uneven ; soil, fertile. Watered 
by Swift r., which affords water power. Incor- 
porated in 1754. It contains 3 churches — 2 Con- 
gregational and 1 Baptist. The v. occupies a 
commanding situation, and lies on a street 3 ms. 
long. There are in the t. 3 stores, cap. $25,000 : 
2 tamieries, 2 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $58,850 ; 13 sch. 328 scholars. Population, 
1,775. 

Peterstown, p-v., Monroe co., Va., 247 w. 
Richmond, 293 W. Situated on Rich cr., 2 ms. 
above its entrance into New r. The cr. here af- 
fords water power, and has some mills and man- 
ufactories located on it. 

Petersville, p-v., Northampton co., Pa., 105 
K. N. K. Harrisburg, 198 W. 



Petersville, p-v., Frederick co., Md., 89 N. 
w. Annapolis, 57 W. 

Petra, p-o., Saline co.. Mo. 

Pettis, county. Mo. Situated toward the w. 
part of the state, and contains 600 sq. ms. Drain- 
ed by La Mine r. and its branches. It has ex- 
tensive prairies, with timber on the streams ; 
soil, very fertile. Capital, Georgetown. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 4,821, sheep 2,551, 
swine 12,068 ; wheat 6,579 bush, produced, Ind. 
corn 162,145, oats 38,640, potatoes 6,390, tol3acco 
11,475 pounds ; 5 stores, cap. $32,300; 5 distil- 
leries, 5 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$11,300. Pop. whites 2,377, slaves 552, free 
col'd 1 ; total, 2,930. 

Petit Jean, t., Conway co., Ark. Pop. 351. 

Petit Gulf, Mississippi r. (See Rodney.) 

Petit Menan, island, Washington co., Me., 
lies in the Atlantic ocean, off a point of the same 
name, in Steuben t. 

Pewaukee, t., Milwaukee co., Wis. It has 2 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,200. 2 sch. 61 
scholars. Pop. 222. 

Peyton Creek, p-o., Clay co., la., 54 w. s. w. 
Indianapolis, 625 W. 

Peytonsburg, p-v., Pittsylvania co., Va., 145 
w. s. w. Richmond, 232 W. 

Peytonsville, p-v., Williamson co., Tenn., 
27 s. Nashville, 693 W. 

Pharisburg, p-v., Union co., O., 49 n. w. Co- 
lumbus, 439 W. 

Pharsalia, p-t., Chenango co., N. Y., 127 w. 
Albany, 336 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, ar- 
gillaceous loam. Drained by Geneganslette cr. 
and Ostelic r. It has 3 stores, cap. $9,350 ; 2 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,000. 11 sch. 453 
scholars. Pop. 1,213. 

Pharsalia, p-v., Panola co., Miss. 

Phelps, p-t., Ontario co., N. Y., 15 e. Canan- 
daigua, 185 w. Albany, 350 W. The surface is 
undulating ; soil, clay loam, and fertile. Drained 
by Canandaigua outlet and Flint cr., which here 
joins it. Gypsum abounds in this vicinity. It 
has 18 stores, cap. $76,200 ; 3 fulling m., 1 tan- 
nery, 5 distilleries, 1 printing office, 1 weekly 
newspaper, 8 flouring m., 4 grist m., 11 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $231,350. 2 acad. 90 students, 
30 sch. 1,416 scholars. Pop. 5,563. 

Phelp,s, p-t., Ashtabula co., O., 190 n. e. Co- 
lumbus, 324 W. It is a flourishing agricultural 
t. Drained by Rock and Musketoe creeks, 
which afford water power. 

Phelpstown, p-t., Ingham co., Mich., 71 w. 
Detroit, 574 W. Pop. 121. 

Philadelphia, p-t., Jefferson co., N. Y., 16 n. 
E. Watertown, 172 n. w. Albany, 432 W. The 
surface is rolling; soil, clay and sandy loam. 
Drained by Indian r. and its tributaries. The v. 
is situated on Indian r., and contains 1 Friends 
church, 1 store, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 20 dwellings, 
and about 125 inhabitants. There are in the t. 
4 stores, cap. $14,000; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 6 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $17,000. 18 sch. 709 
scholars. Pop. 1,838. 

Philadelphia, the largest city of Pennsylva- 
nia, and the second in size and population in the 
United States, is situated between the Delaware 
and the Schuylkill rivers, extending 2 miles from 
the one to the other, and 4i miles along the Del- 
aware, 5 miles above their junction, and 120 ms. 
by the course of the Delaware from the ocean. 
It is in 39° 56' 51" n. lat. and 75° 10' 05" w. Ion. 
from Greenwich ; and 1° 46' 30" e. from Wash- 
ton. It is 300 ms. s. w. from Boston ; 86 s. w 
from New York ; 97 n. e. from Baltimore ; 98 E. 
by s. Harrisburg; 138 n. e. from Washington. It 
contained in 1790, 42,500 inhabitants , in 1800 



PHI 



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PHI 



70,237; in 1810, 96,664; in 1820, 119,325; in 
1830, 167,811 ; in 1810, 220,423. Of these there 
were engaged in agriculture, 693 ; in commerce, 
7,912 ; in manufactures and trades, 24,900 ; nav- 
igating the ocean, rivers, &c. 2,050 ; learned pro- 
fessions, &c. 1,519. 

The city is situated on a plain, the highest 
point of which is elevated 64 feet above the or- 
dinary high water mark in the river. The 
city proper is nearly in the form of a parallelo- 
gram, having the Delaware on the east, the 
Schuylkill on the west, Vine-street on the N., 
and South or Cedar street on the s. But there 
are five adjoining districts which properly belong 
to Philadelphia, though they have incorporations 
and municipal authorities, entirely distinct from 
the city proper, and from each other. They are 
the Northern Liberties, Kensington, and Spring 
Garden on the n. ; and Southwark and Moya- 
mcnsing on the s. 

The part of the city compactly built is about 
8^ miles in circumference. The two principal 
streets are Market or High street, which extends 
from the Delavv'are to the Schuylkill, E. and w. 
through the middle of Philadelphia proper ; and 
Broad-street, which runs n. and s., crossing Mar- 
ket-street at right angles, near the centre of the 
city plat. The other streets of this portion cross 
each other at right angles. Market or High 
street is 100 feet broad, and Broad-street is 113 
feet; Arch or Mulberry street is 66 feet wide; 
the other streets are 50 feet. The adjoining dis- 
tricts have not the same regularity in their plan 
as the city proper, nor do the whole connect in 
one consistent and uniform plan. While the city 
proper has very little variety of surface, on the 
Delaware above this, and on tlie Schuylkill, 
above and below, there are many commanding 
situations and much varied scenery. The whole 
number of streets in the city and districts is over 
600. There are common sewers which convey 
the filth of the streets into the Delaware. The 
houses are built with great uniformity, commo- 
diousness, and neatness, and the streets are kept 
very clean. 

The largest ships come up the Delaware to the 
city ; and it is here nearly a mile wide to Cam- 
den, which lies opposite, in New Jersey. The 
Schuylkill is also navigable for smaller vessels 
to the bridge ; and it is here 500 feet wide. Both 
rivers are generally for some time frozen in the 
winter, which constitutes a serious obstacle to 
the commerce of Philadelphia. The amount of 
the tonnage of this port in 1840, was 103,944. 

Among the public buildings, that of the late 
United States Bank, on Chestnut-street, is con- 
spicuous. It is after the model of the Parthenon, 
at Athens. The building is 87 feet in front, and 
161 deep, and has in front 8 Doric columns, 4 
feet 6 inches in diameter, and 27 feet high. The 
interior is as splendid as the exterior is imposing. 
It was 5 years in building, and cost $500,000 ; 
but on the demise of the old bank, it was sold to 
its successor for $300,000. The Bank of Penn- 
sylvania is on Second, below Chestnut street. 
The entire building is 125 feet by 51. It has 2 
Ionic porticoes of six columns each. The bank- 
ing room is circular, 45 feet in diameter, with a 
dome, and lighted by a lantern in the centre. It 
has a fine lot in the rear, which is beautifully laid 
out. The United States Mint, corner of Chestnut 
and Juniper stcets, has Ionic porticoes of more 
than 120 feet long on each front, and is a splendid 
building, first occupied in 1830. The interior 
has various apartments, devoted to the different 
processes ol coining. The Merchants' Exchange, 
between Dock, Walnut, and Third streets, is 95 



feet by 1 14, with a recessed portico of 4 Corin- 
thian columns on one front ; and a semi-circular 
portico of 8 columns on the other. It is consid- 
ered as one of the most beautiful structures in 
the United States. The basement contains va- 
rious offices, with the post-office. The great hall 
is embellished by paintings and ornamental de- 
vices. The above buildings are all of white mar- 
ble. The Girard Bank is on Third, below Chest- 
nut street. Its front is of white marble, enriched 
with a portico with six Corinthian columns of the 
same material. The other sides of the building are 
of brick. It has extensive grounds, neatly laid out 
and ornamented. The U. States Naval Asylum or 
Marine Hospital, is 336 feet in front and 175 feet 
deep. It has a portico in the centre of 8 Ionic col- 
umns. There are 180 dormitories, capable of lodg- 
ing 400 persons. The whole is surrounded by 
ornamented grounds. The cost of the establish- 
ment was $300,000. The Almshouse, on the w. 
bank of the Schuylkill, consists of a centre build- 
ing with wings, together with two detached build- 
ings, one at each end. It has 180 acres of ground, 
ten of which are occupied by its enclosures. 
Girard College is about 1 mile from the city, is on 
a tract of 45 acres of ground, and consists of a 
centre building, including the portico, 160 feet by 
218, and is entirely surrounded by a splendid 
colonnade, with pillars 6 feet in diameter and 55 
feet high, with beautiful Corinthian capitals ; and 
two other buildings, each 52 feet wide and 125 
feet long. This establishment, solely for the ed- 
ucation of orphan children, was founded by a 
bequest, for the purpose, of the late Stephen Gi- 
rard, of over $2,000,000. Among the public 
buildings of Philadelphia, the venerable old 
State House in Chestnut-st., erected in 1735, in 
which Congress sat when Independence was de- 
clared, and where the convention sat that formed 
the Constitution of the United States, should not 
be overlooked. The room in which they sat is 
carefully preserved without alteration. The 
original bell, cast many years before the declara- 
tion of independence, is preserved in the tower of 
the steeple, and has this inscription, " Proclaim 
Liberty throughout this land, unto all the in- 
habitants thereof" Leviticus, xxv. 10. 

Philadelphia has many public squares, none of 
which are very large, but many of them finely 
laid out and ornamented. Independence Square 
is directly back of the old State House, is sur- 
rounded by a brick wall, on the top of which is 
an iron fence, is laid out with ground walks, 
grass plats, and shaded with trees. Here, from 
the steps of the State House, the Declaration of 
Independence was first read to the assembled 
people ; and here meetings are now frequently 
held for political purposes. Washington Square, 
between Walnut and Locust, Sixth and Wash- 
ington streets', which is an elegant promenade, 
was formerly, in time of the yellow fever, a bu- 
rial place. It is surrounded with an iron railing, 
and finely ornamented with walks, trees, and 
shrubbery. Franklin Square is finely ornament- 
ed, and has in its centre a magnificent fountain ; 
but was also once a cemetery of the German So- 
ciety. Logan Square, and Rittenhouse Square, 
are also fine openings, as yet less ornamented. 
Penn Square, at the intersection of Broad and 
Market streets, was once the finest public ground 
in the city. It was laid in a circle, and had in its 
centre a fine marble building, in the form of a 
temple, containing a steam engine for raising the 
Schuylkill water. The water works have been 
removed, and 3Iarket and Broad streets have 
been run through it, dividing it into 4 parts. 

Among the public works of the city, the Fair- 



PHI 



528 



PHI 



mount Water Works stand pre-eminent. They 
are on the k. bank of the Schuylkill, 2 rniles n. 
vv. from the city. They occupy an area of 30 
acres, consisting mostly of a hill, 100 feet higli. 
On the top of the hill are 4 reservoirs, with an 
aggregate capacity of 22,000,000 gallons. The 
whole is .surrounded by a substantial pale-fence, 
around which is a gravelled walk. A dam is made 
across the Schuylkill, and the water from the 
pond moves forcing pumps, which raise tiie wa- 
ter of the river to the reservoirs, from w hich it is 
distributed in pipes over the city. The scenery 
at the waterworks has great variety and beauty. 
At the western termination of Market-street is a 
substantial bridge over the Schuylkill, 1,350 feet 
long, including the abutments, and 42 feet wide. 
It has 2 stone piers and 3 arches, and cost $300,000. 
There is a viaduct over the Schuylkill, built by 
the Philadelphia, Wilmington, and Baltimore rail- 
road company, which also admits the passage 
of ordinary carriages. These are the only bridges 
which cross the Schuylkill, near the city. 

Numerous steamboats and other craft afTord 
a constant and easy communication with New 
York and Baltimore ; and railroads in various 
directions, make Philadelphia a great thorough- 
fare. By the Pennsylvania canal, and a short 
railroad over the Alleghany mts., this city has a 
commercial connection with Pittsburgh, and the 
great valley of the Mississippi. There were in 
1840, 184 foreign commercial and 44 commi.ssion 
houses, with a cap. of $2,049,501 ; 1,791 retail 
stores, with a cap. of $17,032,384; 48 lumber 
yards, with a cap. of $1,118,500; 2 furnaces, 
■with a cap. of $239,050 ; machinery was manu- 
factured to the amount of $915,864; hardware 
and cutlery, $154,400 ; the precious metals, 
$2,651,510; of various metals, $876,060; 15 
woollen fac, cap. $135,100; 17 cotton fac, with 
17,922 sp. ; 14 printing and dyeing estab., with a 
total cap. of $474,000 ; 8 tanneries, with a cap. 
of $117,500; 11 distilleries, 16 breweries, with a 
cap. of $415,200 ; paints and drugs, $1,839,050 ; 
1 glass fac. and 1 glass cutting estab., with a cap. 
of $23,500 ; 6 potteries, with a cap. of $24,000 ; 
12 sugar refineries produced $890,000; 6 paper 
fac. produced ,$31,250 ; 12 rope walks, with a 
cap. of $82,900; 1 saw m., 1 flouring m., 1 grist 
m., cap. $3,000 ; fiu-niture to the amount of 
$526,200; 803 brick and stone houses, and 62 
wooden houses, cost $2,751, 3-*3; 46 printing offi- 
ces, 12 binderies, 8 daily, 16 weekly, 7 semi- 
weekly newspapers, and 26 periodicals, employed 
911 persons, with a cap. of $252,600. Total cap. 
in manufac. $8,796,993. There were 5 colleges, 
with 737 students, 109 academies and grammar 
schools, with 7,610 students, 167 common and 
primary schools, with 22,678 scholars. 

The benevolent institutions of Philadelphia 
are exceedingly numerous. Among them the 
Pennsylvania Hospital was founded in 1750, 
through the instrumentality of Dr. Franklin and 
others. Tlie state granted ii;2,000, and the same 
sum was, by stipulation, raised by subscription ; 
the proprietaries made a further donation, and 
the building was commenced in 1755. In a fine 
area in Iront of the hospital, stands a full length 
statue of William Penn, in bronzed lead. This 
institution is well managed ; and they have re- 
cently erected a separate institution for the in- 
sane. The House of Refuge for juvenile delin- 
quents ; the Institution for the Deaf and Dumb; 
the Institution for the Blind, and the Philadelphia 
Orphan Asylum, are useful establishments. 

There are in the City and Liberties 13 banks, 
with an aggregate capital of $14,550,000, besides 
the United States Bank of Pennsylvania, whose I 



capital was $35,000,000 ; and 23 instirance com- 
panies. 

The University of Pennsylvania was founded 
in 1791, by the union of two previous institutions, 
the first of which was instituted in 1755. It has 
14 instructors, 116 students, and 5,000 volumes 
in its library. The most flourishing department 
is the medical, which has 7 professors and over 
400 students, and is the most distinguished insti- 
tution of the kind in the United States. Jefferson 
Medical College was formerly connected with 
the college at Cannonsburg, but is now inde- 
pendent, founded in 1824 ; it has 7 professors and 
145 students. The medical department of Penn- 
syvania College, founded in 183'.), has 6 profes- 
sors and 60 students. The American Philosophi- 
cal Society was founded in 1740, chiefly through 
the exertions of Dr. Franklin. In 1769 it was 
united with another similar society. It has an 
excellent library and a collection of minerals. 
The Academy of Natural Sciences, founded in 
1817, has a library of over 9,000 volumes. The 
Franklin Institute was founded in 1824, and con- 
sists of 3,000 manufacturers, artisans, and me- 
chanics. The Atheneum, founded in 1815, has 
a good library and reading room. The Mercan- 
tile Library, formed in 1822, has 5 or 6,000 vol- 
umes, chiefly relating to commerce and its kin- 
dred subjects. The Historical Society has issued 
many useful publications relating to the early 
liistory of Pennsylvania. The Philadelphia Li- 
brary Company, established through the influence 
of Dr. Franklin, has a library of over 42,000 
volumes. 

There are about 100 churches in the city, of 
which the Presbyterians have 21; the Episcopa- 
lians 19; the Methodists 19 ; the Baptists 17 ; the 
Roman Catholics 6, &c. 

Among the places of amusement there are 4 or 
5 theatres, a number of public gardens, and the 
Philadelphia Museum, the best in the United 
States. 

The government of the city proper, is in the 
hands of a mayor, a select council of 12, and a 
common council of 20 members. One third of 
the select, and the whole of the common council, 
are chosen annually by the people, and the coun- 
cils elect a mayor. The aldermen, who are 15 
in number, are appointed by the governor to act, 
with the mayor, as judges, during good behavior ; 
and the aldermen act as justices of the peace. 
The whole legislative power is in the councils, 
of which the select council is a kind of senate. 

Southwark is governed by 15 commis.'sioners, 
and was incorporated in 1794. The Northern 
Liberties, incorporated in 1803, is governed by 5 
commissioners. 

Philadelphia was first surveyed and regulated 
in 1682. It had previously been in possession of 
the Swedes, some of whom came into the coun- 
try, bordering on Delaware bay, as early as 1627. 
It was named after a city in Asia Minor, and the 
plan is said to have been suggested by that of 
ancient Babylon, and according to the original 
design of William Penn, its original founder and 
proprietor, was designed to have equalled that 
ancient capital in extent ; but the idea was soon 
abandoned, and the charter of 1701 restricted it 
to the present boundaries of the city proper. 
Penn's country residence was at Pennsburg 
Manor, above Bristol, in which was a large Hall 
of Audience, where he held treaties with the 
Indians ; and the oak arm-chair in which he 
sat, is now in the Pennsylvania Hospital. The 
first Congress assembled in Philadelphia, Sept. 
5th, 1774, and adopted a declaration of rights ; in 
July 4th, 1776, the declaration of independence ; 



PHI 



529 



PIA 



in tlie autumn of 177G, retired to Baltimore; Sept. 
'iRtli, 177~, liie city fell into the hands of the 
British, who occupied it until the ISth of June 
followinfj. May 17th, 1787, a convention met 
liere, and in Sept. 17th, following, agreed on a 
constitution for the United States. In 1793 and 
j7;)8 the yellow fever raged in the city. 

Philadelphia, p-v., capital of Neshoba co., 
Miss., H3 E. N. E. .Tackson, 931 W. Situated on 
the E. side of Kentokey cr., a branch of Pearl r. 
It contains a court house and several dwellings. 

Philadelphia, p-v., Monroe co., Tenn., 160 
E. s. E. Nashville, 533 W. 

Philadelphia, p-v., Hancock co., la., 1.5 e. 
Indianapolis, 556 \V. 

Philvdelphia, p-v.. Van Buren co., Iowa. 
Situated on Des Moines river, at the mouth of 
Lick cr. 

Philadelphus, p-v., Robeson co., N. C, 106 
s. by w. Raleigh, 394 W. 

Philanthkopv, p-0., Reiley t., Butler co., O., 
120 w. s. w. Columbus, 508 W. 

Philip.s, county, Ark. Situated in the e. part 
of the state, and contains 730 sq. ms. Mississippi 
r. bounds it on the k. Watered by St. Francis r., 
and Lmquille r. its tributary. The surface of 
the southern part is extensively liable to submer- 
sion. The N. part is a dry, .sandy soil, very fertile 
where it is capable of cultivation. Capital, Hel- 
ena. There were in 1840, neat cattle 7,634, sheep 
557, swine 11,415; wheat 151 bush, produced, 
Ind. corn 160,675, oats 3,8.50, potatoes 15,256, to- 
bacco 1.455 pounds, cotton 146,409; 10 store.s, 
cap. $77,'..O0; 2 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 22 grist 
m., 5 saw m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly new.s- 
papers. Cap. in manufac. $52,335. 5 seh. 109 
scholars. Pop. whites 5,262, slaves 905, free 
col'd 17; total, 3,517. 

Philipsburg, p-v., Rush t., Centre co., Pa., 
119 N. w. Harrisburg, 211 W. Situated on Mush- 
annon cr., 2) ms. from its confluence with the w. 
branch of Susquehanna r., to w liich it is naviga- 
ble. It is a neat v., containing 1 Episcopal church, 
several stores, 1 steam grist ni., 1 forge, 1 wire 
and screw fac, and about 60 dwellings. 

Philipsburg, p-v.. Wells t., JefTerson co., O., 
137 E. by N. Columbus, 262 W^. Situated on 
Ohio r., opposite Wellsburg, Va. It has an ex- 
tensive mercantile warehouse. 

Philipsport, pv., Mamakating t., Sullivan 
CO., N. Y., 92 s. s. w. Albany, 287 W. Situated 
on the Delaware and Hudson canal, and contains 
a Methodist church, 1 store, 1 grist m., 20 dwell- 
ings, and about 100 inhabitants. 

Philip's Store, p-o., Nash co., N. C, 53 e. 
Raleigh, 270 W. 

Philipstown, p-v., White co., 111., 190 s. e. 
Springfield, 742 W. 

Philipsville, p-v., Amity t., Alleghany co., 
N. Y. Situated on Genesee r., on the line of the 
N. York and Erie railroad, and contains 1 church, 
2 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 35 dwellings, and 
about 250 inhabitants. 

Phillips, p-t., Franklin co.. Me., 55 n. w. Au- 
gusta, 636 W. Watered by Sandy r., which 
Hows into Kennebec r. Incorporated in 1812. 
It has 5 stores, cap. $14,500 ; 1 grist m., 2 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $12,850. 11 sch. 5J7 scholars. 
Pop. 1,312. 

Phillip.sburg, t., Beaver co.. Pa. It has 2 
stores, cap. $3,500; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 
1 tannery, 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 1 s:iw m 
Cap. in manufac. $39,490. I school. Pop. 33-i. 

Phillipsburg, p-v., Wallkill t.. Orange co., 

N. Y., 109 s. by w. Albany, 282 W. It contains 

1 store, 2 woollen fac, 1 wool carding machine, 

1 grist m., 1 distillery, and 8 or 10 dwellings. j 

67 



Phillip.sburg, p-v., Erie co.. Pa., 263 n. w. 
HarrLsburg, 3 19 W. 

Puillipsburg, b.. New Sewickly t., Beaver 
CO., Pa. Situated 2 ms. from Beaver b., on the 
s. side of the Ohio r., opposite the entrance of 
Beaver r. It contains 1 church, 1 store, and 
about 65 dwellings. Steaml)oat building is ex- 
tensively carried on. A briilge connects it with 
Bridgewater, on the opposite side of Beaver r. 

Phillipsto.n, p-t., Worcester co., Mass., 65 n. 
w. by w. Boston, 414 W. The surface is un- 
even ; soil, fertile. It contains 3 churches — 1 
Congregational, 1 Methodist, and 1 Universalist. 
Chartered in 1786, by the name of Gerry ; chang- 
ed to Phillipston in 1812. It has a large pond in 
its E. part. It has 1 store, cap. $11,000; 1 full- 
ing m., 1 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 1,512 sp., 2 
tanneries, 1 grist ra., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
S3S,500. 7 sch. 273 scholars. Pop. 919. 

PiiiLLipsTOWN, t., Putnam co., N. Y., 14 w. 
Carmel, 96 s. Albany. The surface is moun- 
tainous, containing some of the most elevated 
peaks of the Highlands. Cold Spring v. is situ- 
ated on the E. bank of Hudson r., nearly oppo- 
site to West Point. Hudson river runs on its 
w. boundary. Iron ore abounds in the vicinity. 
It has 18 stores, cap. §39,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 fur- 
nace, 1 tannery, 1 paper fac, 1 flouring m., 4 grist 
m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $165,310. 9 sell. 
547 scholars. Pop. 3,814. 

Phillipsville, v., Granby t., Oswego co., N. 
Y. Situated on the w. side of Oswego r., and 
contains 2 stores, 2 saw m., 25 dwellings, and 
about 175 inhabitants. The r. has a descent 
here of 20 feet, creating a great water power. 

PniLO.METH, po., Union co., la., 69 e. by s. 
Indianapolis, 508 W. 

Philomont, p-v., Loudon co., Va., 12 s. Lees- 
ville, 141 N. Richmond, 48 W. It contains a 
store and 6 or 8 dwellings. 

Piiippsburg, p-t., Lincoln co.. Me., 41 s. Au- 
gusta, 584. Situated at the mouth of Kennebec 
r., on a peninsula, between Kennebec r. on the 
E. and New Meadow bay on the w. It has the 
Atlantic on the s. Sequin and Pond islands, on 
each of which is a light-house, belong to the t. 
Cape Small Point is at its s. extremity. It has 
considerable navigation, employed chiefly in the 
fisheries. Ship building is a considerable busi- 
ness. It has 7 commercial hoaxes, cap. $2,8.50 ; 
1 gri.'^t m., 33 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $143,417 
9 sch. 651 scholars. Pop. ),657. 

Phipp'.s Mill.s, p-o., Venango co.. Pa., 215 w. 
N. w. Harrisburg, 273 W. 

Phceni.x, p-v., Schroeppel t., Oswego co., N. 
Y., 148 w. N. w. Albany, 365 W. Situated on 
the E. side of Oswego r., on the Oswego canal, 
and contains 1 church, 6 stores, 1 flouring m., 6 
saw m., 50 dwellings, and about 3 JO inhabitants. 

Phce.vix, p-o., Edgefield dist., S. C, 77 w. Co- 
lumbia, 541 W. 

Phce.mx Mili,s, p-o., Walworth co., Wis., 61 
s. E. Madison, 804 W. 

Phcenixville, p-v., Schuylkill t., Chester co., 
Pa., 79 E. s. E. Harrisburg, 156 W. Situated at 
the junction of French cr. \Yith Schuylkill r. It 
contains 2 stores, 2 rolling m.. a nail fac, pro- 
ducing 2,000 tons of nails annually, 1 cotton fac. 
2,000 ep., 100 dwellings, and about 70J inhab- 
itants. 

Physic Sfri.xg, p-o., Buckingham co., Va., 64 
w. Richmond, 142 W. 

Piatt, county. III. Situated a little n. ofE. 
of the centre of the state, and contains 440 sq. 
ms. Drained by Sangamon r. Capital, Monticello. 

Piatt's Landing, p-o., Boone co., Ky., 72 n. 
Frankfort, 530 W. 



PIE 



530 



PIK 



PiCKAMiNK, p-o., Iroquois co., 111., 193 n. e. 
Springfiekl, 700 W. 

Pickaway, county, O. Situated a little s. of 
the centre of the state, and contains 470 sq. ms. 
The surface is generally level ; soil, very fertile, ] 
yielding 40 or 45 bushels of wheat, and 65 of 
Indian corn, to the acre. Drained by Scioto r. 
and its tributaries, Darby, Deer, and Little Wal- 
nut creeks. Capital, Circleville. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 19,273, sheep 25,853, swine 
37,895 ; wheat 246,661 bushels produced, rye 
10,414, Ind. corn 1,323,8S4, buckwheat 1,342, oats 
160,858, potatoes 18,067, tobacco 1,128 pounds, 
sugar 11,050; 1 furnace ; 33 stores, cap. $91,150 ; 
3 commission houses, cap. $10,000; 4 fulling m., 
2 woollen fac, 13 tanneries, 8 distilleries, 1 brew- 
ery, 2 potteries, 8 flouring m., 15 grist m., 38 
saw m., 1 oil m., 3 printing offices, 2 weekly, 1 
semi-weekly, and 4 periodical newspapers. Cap. 
in manufac. .$66,513. 1 acad. 15 students, 54 sch. 
1,522 scholars. Pop. 19,725. 

Pickaway, t., Pickaway co., O. It has 1 tan- 
nery, 1 pottery, 1 flouring m., 2 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $25,505. 6 sch. 176 scholars. Pop. 
1,572. 

Pickens, district, S. C. Situated in the n. w. 
part of the stale, and contains 1,200 sq. ms. The 
surface is hilly and mountainous. Drained by 
Seneca r. and its branches, a tributary of Tuga- 
loo r. Capital, Pickens C. H. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 14,873, sheep 7,961, swine 
32,566; wheat 48,815 bushels produced, rye 
3,440, Indian corn 515,215, oats 91,539, potatoes 
32,238, tobacco 13.613 pounds, cotton 395,253; 
16 stores, cap. $59,600 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen 
fac, 7 tanneries, 49 distilleries, 9 flouring m., 72 
grist m., 25 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $72,800. 
1 acad. 51 students, 25 sch. 579 scholars. Pop. 
whites, 11,548, slaves 2,715, free col'd 93; total, 
14,356. 

Pickens, county, Ala. Situated in the w. part 
of the state, and contains 720 sq. ms. Drained 
by Tombigbee r. and its branches, the chief of 
which is Sipsey or New r. Capital, Carrollton. 
It has 3 acad. 120 students, 28 sch. 609 scholars. 
Pop. Tvhites 9,347, slaves 7,764, free col'd 7 ; 
total 17 118. 

Pickens, C. H., p-v., capital of Pickens dist., S. 
C, 130 N. w. by w. Columbia. It contains a 
court house, jail, an academy, and from 200 to 
300 inhabitants. 

Pickens Mills, p-o., Marengo co., Ala., 52 
S. Tuscaloosa, 864 W. 

PiCKENSviLLE, p-v., Pickeus dist., S. C, 120 w. 
N. w. Columbia, 515 W. Ii contains an acade- 
my, and about 15J inhabitants. 

PicKENSviLLE, p-v., Pickens co., Ala., 53 w. 
Tuscaloosa, 861 W. Situated on the e. side of 
the Tombigbee r., and contains a church, 10 
stores, and about 500 inhabitants. 
Pickering, island, Hancock co.. Me. 
Pickering, p o., Chester co.. Pa., 78 e. s. e 
Harrisburg, 135 W. 

PicKERiNGTON, p-v., Violet t., Fairfield co., O., 
17 E. s. E. Columbus, 388 W. It contains 2 
churches, 3 stores, 35 dwellings, and about 200 
inhabitants. 

Piedmont, p-v., Harris co., Ga., 135 w. s. w. 
Milledgeville, 76S W. 

PiERMONT, p-t., Grafton co., N. H., 65 n. n 
w. Concord, 510 W. Connecticut r. bounds it on 
the w., on which are extensive and highly fertile 
intervales Watered by Eastman's brook, flow- 
ing from 2 ponds in its e. p irt, and which affords 
water power. Indian brook crosses its s. w. cor- 
ner. First settled in 1770. It. lias 2 stores, cap. 
$5,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 3 



saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $10,450. 1 sch. 10 
scholars. Pop. 1,057. 

Piermont, p-v., Orangetown t., Rockland co., 
N. Y., 24 N. New York, 135 s. by w. Albany, 258 
W. Situated on the w. side of Hudson r., on 
Sparkhill cr., which affords water power. It con- 
tains 2 churches, an academy, 5 stores, 1 woollen 
fac, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 140 dwellings, and 
about 1 ,000 inhabitants. The New York and Erie 
railroad commences at this point, and the Pali- 
sades here terminate in an abrupt hill. 

PiERPO.NT, p-t., St. Lawrence co., N. Y., 8 e. 
Canton, 202 n. n. w. Albany, 486 W. The sur- 
face is diversified; soil, various. It is 40 miles 
long from n. to s. Drained by Oswcgatchie and 
Grass rivers. Racket r. crosses its n. e. corner. 
It has 1 fulling m., 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $5,945. 11 sch. 433 scholars. Pop. 
1,430. 

PiERPONT, p-t., Ashtabula co., O., 213 n. e. 
Columbus, 330 W. 

Piffardiana, p-o., Livingston co., N. Y. 

Pig, r., Va., rises in the Blue ridge, and falls 
into Roanoke r., after a course of 35 miles. 

PiGEo.N, t., Vanderburgh CO., la. It has 3 sch. 
75 scholars. Pop. 2,3.52. 

Pigeon Creek, p-o., Greene co., Tenn., 253 
E. Nashville, 444 W. 

Pigeon Creek, p-o., Ralls co.. Mo., 104 n. n. 
E. .lefferson City, 919 W. 

Pigeon Forge, p o., Sevier co., Tenn. 

Pigeon River, p-o., Haywood co., N. C, 284 
w. Raleigh, 514 W. 

Pigeon Run, p-o., Campbell co., Va., 133 w. 
s. w. Richmond, 211 W. 

Pike, county. Pa. Situated toward the n. e. 
part of the state, and contains 720 sq. ms. Dela- 
ware r. bovinds it on the n. e. and s. e. The 
surface is mountainous and broken ; soil, gene- 
rally barren, excepting along the Delaware r., 
where is good land. Watered by Lackawaxen 
r., along which passes the Delaware and Hud- 
son canal. Several creeks which flow into the 
Delaware afford water power. The lumber 
business forms the chief employment of the in- 
habitants. Capital, Milford. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 2,935, sheep 3,037, swine 3,421 ; 
wheat 4,469 bushels produced, rye 32,994, Ind. 
corn 21,759, buckwheat 19,317, oats 16,019, pota- 
toes 51,614; 11 stores, cap. $43,300; 1 woollen 
fac, 4 tanneries, 7 grist m., 46 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $113,605. 1 acad. 46 students, 18 sch. 
426 scholars. Pop. 3,832. 

Pike, county, Ga. Situated a little w. of the 
centre of the state, and contains 470 sq. ms. 
Drained by Anhau r. a branch of Flint r., which 
bounds it on the w. Capital, Zebulon. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 11,716, sheep 4,475, 
swine 24,207; wheat 47,171 bush, produced, Ind. 
corn 396,282, oats 27,516, potatoes 14,715, tobac- 
co 3,947 pounds, cotton 6,074,95'J ; 1 1 stores, cap. 
$48,250 ; 1 taimery, 3 grist m., 5 saw m., 2 oil m. 
Cap. in manufac. $2,900. 1 acad. 25 students, 
8 sch. 256 scholars. Pop. whites 6,535, slaves 
2,549, free col'd 32 ; total, 9,176. 

Pike, county, Ala. Situated toward the s. E. 
part of the state, and contains 1,100 sq. ms. Pea 
r. runs on its e. border. Drained by Conecuh r. 
and its branches. Capital, Troy. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 28,375, sheep 3,726. swine 
36,240 ; wheat 4,020 bush, produced, Ind. com 
385,993, oats 8,173, potatoes 32,3 >0, cotton 733,266 
pounds ; 8 stores, cap. $5,750 ; 12 grist m., 7 saw 
m., 19 sch. 412 scliolars. Pop. whites 7,987, 
slaves 2,111, free col'd 10; total, 10,10-t. 

Pike, county. Miss. Situated toward the s. 
w. part of the state, and contains 864 sq. ms. 



PIK 



531 



PIK 



Drained by Bogue Chitto r. and its branches, and 
by 'I'angiapaho r., which flows into Lake Pont- 
chartraiii. Capital, Ilolmcsville. There were 
in 1S40, neat cattle y,421, sheep 2,482, swine 
)9,59I; wheat 257 bush, produced, Iiid. corn 
180,345, oats 9,198, potatoes 26,818, rice 139,600 
pounds, cotton 1,416,751 ; 3 stores, cap. $24,000; 
12 sch. 242 scholars. Pop. whites 3,756 slaves 
2,374, free col'd 21 ; total, 6,151. 

Pike, county, Ky. Situated in the s. E. part 
of the state, and contains 400 sq. ms. Cumber- 
land mountain bounds it on the s. e. Drained 
by the w. fork of Big Sandy r. Capital, Pike- 
ton. There were in 1810, neat cattle 5,717, 
sheep 2,984, swine 11,866; wheat 4,966 bush, 
produced, Ind. corn 174,393, oats 21,292, potatoes 
8,767, tobacco 11,369 pounds, cotton 14,4J1, sugar 
16,850 ; 12 stores, cap. $25,743 ; 4S grist m., 1 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,436. 1 sch. 25 
scholars. Pop. whites 3,469, slaves 85, free col'd 
13 ; total, 3,567. 

Pike, county, O. Situated in the s. part of 
the state, and contains 421 sq. ms. Scioto r. 
pa.sses centrally through it from iv. to s. The 
surface is various ; soil, very fertile. Capital, 
Chilicothe. There were in 1810, neat cattle 
9,55'.*, slieep 8,706, swine 12,362; wlieat 82,470 
bush, produced, Ind. corn 356,434, oats 106,324, 
potatoes 4,593 ; 23 .-tores, cap. $37,280 ; 3 flour- 
ing m., 5 grist m., 19 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$15,760. 37 sch. 823 scholars. Pop. 7,626. 

Pike, county, la. Situated in tlie s. w. part 
of the state, and contains 315 sq. ms. Organized 
in 1816. The surface is gently rolling; soil, fer- 
tile. White r. nins on its n. boundary, and 
is navigable. Watered by I'atoka river and 
Flat creek. Capital, Petersburg. There were 
in 1840, neat cattie 4,733, sheep 5,152, swine 
18.578 ; wheat 2S,947 bush, produced, Ind. corn 
239,037, oats 31,934, potatoes 9,3(56, tobacco 
11,440 pounds, sugar G,73i; 15 stores, cap. 
$33,100 ; 3 tanneries. 3 distilleries. 8 grist m., 3 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $22,337. I acad. 15 
students, 12 sch. 342 scholars. Pop. 4,769. 

Pike, county. 111- Situated in the w. part of 
the state, and contains 800 sq. ms. The Illinois 
r. bounds it on the E., and the fliississippi on the 
s. w. Drained by creeks which flow into these 
rivers, and which afford water power. Snycar- 
tee slough passes along the 3Iississippi in this 
CO. There is a salt spring on McKee's cr., 20 
feet in diameter. Capital, Pittsfiold. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 12,597, sheep 6,9S7, 
swine 22,413; wheat 81,879 bush, produced, rye 
1,221, Ind. corn 359,945, buckwheat 1,740, oats 
30,S60, potatoes 31,615, tob.acco 12,065 pounds-, 
sugar 8,240 ; 20 stores, cap. $6-i,400 ; 14 tanneries, 
I distillery, 1 flouring m., 1 1 grist in., 18 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $57,080. 2 acad. 105 students, 
6 sch. 656 scholars. Pop. 11,728. 

Pike, county, Mo. Situated toward the n. e. 
part of the state, and contains 720 sq. ms. The 
Mississippi r. bounds it on the n. e. Salt r. runs 
through its N. e. part into the Mississippi. Drain- 
ed on the s. by a branch of Cuivre r. Capital, 
Bowling Green. There were in H40. neat cat 
tie 13,515, sheep 14,312, swine 33,940; v.heat 



42,971 bush, produced, rye 2,306, Ind. corn 
513,160, oats 73,930, potatoes 21,641, tobacco 
822,922 pounds, sugar 20,045 ; 1 commercial 
house, cap. $2,200; 36 stores, cap. $133,077; 3 
woollen fac, 11 tanneries, 9 distilleries, 2 potte- 
ries, 2 flouring m., 15 grist m., 8 saw m., 1 print- 
ing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $69,530. 27 sch. 1,048 scholars. Pop. 
wliites 8,157, slaves 2,472, free col'd 17 : total, 
10,646. 



Pike, county. Ark. Situated toward the s. 
w. part of the slate, and contains 500 sq. ms. 
Drained by branches of Little Missouri r. Capi- 
tal, Murfreesboro'. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 1,772, sheep 448, swine .5,744 ; wheat 653 
bush, produced, Ind. corn 70,115, potatoes 2,670, 
tobacco 1,018 pounds, cotton 11,993, 1 grist m., 
1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,800. Pop. whites 
86;), slaves 109 : total, 969. 

Pike, pt., Alleghany co., N. Y., 20 .\. Angelica, 
257 w. by s. Albnny, 35') W. The surface is 
rolling ; soil, a fertile mold. Drained by East 
Koy and West Koy creeks. The v. is situated 
on West Koy cr., and contains 1 Baptist and 1 
3Iethodist church, 8 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 
1 oil m., 1 furnace, 2 tanneries, 2 clothiers' works, 
90 dwellings, and about 600 inhabitants. There 
are in the t. 9 stores, cap. $20,55;) ; 3 fulling m., 
1 furnace, 3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 2 grist m., 6 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $34,625. 9 sch. 289 
scholars. Pop. 2,176. 

Pike, t.. Potter co.. Pa. It has 1 grist m., 4 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $11,100. Pop. 139. 

Pike, t., Berks co.. Pa. The surface is une- 
ven ; soil, gravel, not fertile, and indifferently 
cultivated. Drained by the sources of Mana- 
tawny cr., which afford water power. It has 1 
church, common to Lutherans and Presbyteri- 
ans. It has 3 stores, cap. $11,000 ; 1 fulling m., 
1 woollen fac, 1 ibrge. Pop. 790. 

Pike, p-t., Bradford co.. Pa., 153 n. Harris- 
burg, 26S W. The surface is hilly ; soil, gravelly 
loam. Drained by Wyalusing cr. and its tribu- 
taries. It has 3 stores, cap. $10,200; 2 fulling 
in., 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 9 saw ra. 
Cap. in manufac. $17,700. II sch. 185 scholars. 
Pop. 1,518. 

Pike, t.. Brown co., O. It has 2 sch. 70 schol- 
ars. Pop. 792. 

Pike t.. Perry co., O. It has 6 stores, cap. 
$6,550 ; 2 tanneries, 1 pottery, 2 flouring m., 1 
grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $11,617. 
7 sch. 225 scholars. Pop. 1,663. 

Pike, t., Clarke co., O. It contains North- 
ampton v., and has 11 sch. 596 schl's. Pop. 1,436. 
Pike, t., Coshocton co., O. It contains West 
Carlisle V. It has 1 store, cap. $1,400; I tan- 
nery, 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $700. Pop. 1,115. 

Pike, t., Knox co., O. It contains Amity v. 
It has 7 sch. 291 scholars. Pop. 1,248. 

Pike, t., Madison co., O. It has 2 grist m., 
2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,750. 6 sch. 104 
scholars. Pop. 5i9. 

Pike, t.. Stark co., O. It has 1 sch. 35 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,409. 

Pike Run-, p-t., Washington co., Pa., IBs. E. 
Washington b., 194 w. Ilarrisburg, 210 W. Wa- 
tered by Pike run, and Little Pike run, which 
flow into M(3nongahela r. At their junction 
with the r., is Greenfield v. The national road 
runs on its e. border, on which are Centreville 
and_ Bealsvilie villages. It has 6 stores, cap. 
$3,500 ; 1 distillery, 1 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. 
$13,500. 2 sch. 58 scholars. Pop. 2,187. 
Pike Run, p-o., Ross co., O. 
PiKETON, p v., capital of Pike co., O., 19 s. 
Chilicothe, 64 s. Columbus, 393 W. Situated 
on the E. side of Scioto r. It contains a court 
house, jail, 6 stores, 1 tannery, and about 80 
dwellings. 

PiKETO.v, p-v., capital of Pike co., Ky., 173 e. 
s. E. Frankfort, 433 W. Situated on the w. fork 
of Sandy r. It contains a court house, 20 dwell- 
ing-s and 92 inhabitants. 

PiKETO.\, p-v., Marion co., la., 9 n. w. Indian- 
apolis, 580 W. 



PIN 



532 



PIN 



Pike Townsihp, p-o., Pike t., Berks co., Pa., 
63 E. Harrisburg, 161 W. 

PiKicviLLE, p-v., Baltimore co., Md., 8 n. w. 
Baltimore, 3S n. Annapolis, 43 W. Situated on 
tlie E. side of Patapsco r. It contains a United 
State.i arsenal. An academy, and 200 inhab. 

PiKFAiLLE, p-v., capital of Marion co., Ala., 
68 N. N. w. Tuscaloosa, 831) W. Situated 3 ms. 
E. of tlie Bultahatchee r.. and contains a court 
house, and a few dwellings. 

PiKEviLLE, p-v., capital ofBledsoe co., Tenn., 
112 E. s. E. Nashville, 588 W. Situated on ele- 
vated ground, a little w. of Sequatcliy r., a branch 
of Tennessee r. It contains a court house, and 
about 150 inhal)ilants. 

PiLATKA, p-v., St. Johns CO., Flor. Situated 
on tlie w. side of St. Johns r. 

PiLCHER, p-o., Belmont co., O., 126 e. Colum- 
bus, 293 W. 

Piles Grove, t., Salem co., N. J., 10 n. e. Sa- 
lem. The surface is level ; soil, stiff clay and 
deep loam, and well cultivated. Drained by Sa- 
lem cr., which affords water power. It contains 
3 churches — 1 Friends, 1 Methodist, 1 African 
Methodist. It has 10 stores, cap. $19,600; 1 
woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 4 grist m., 2 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $49,340. 8 sch. 312 scholars. 
Pop. 2,477. 

Pillar Point, p-o., Brownville t., Jefferson 
CO., N. Y. 

Pilot Grove, p-o.. Cooper co., Mo., 62 w. by 
N. Jefferson City, 976 W. 

PiN'CKNEY, t., Lewis CO., N. Y., 16 n. w. 
Martinsburg, 156 n. w. Albany. The surface is 
level ; soil, a fertile sandy and clay loam. Drain- 
ed by Deer r. and Sandy cr. It has 4 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $200. 11 sch. 372 scholars. 
Pop. 9-)7. 

PiNCKNEY, p-v., Rutherford co., N. C, 226 w. 
by s. Raleigh, 457 W. 

PiNCKNEY, p v., Williamson co.. Term., 28 s. 
Nashville, 705 W. Situated on the w. side of 
Harpeth r., a branch of Cumberland r. 

Pi.\CKNEY, p-v., Warren co.. Mo., 61 e. n. e. 
Jefferson City, 8S5 W. Situated on the n. side 
of Missouri r. Pop. of the t. 424. 

PiNCKXEY, p-o., Livingston co., 3Iich., 54 w. 
by N. Detroit, 547 W. 

PixcKNEYViLLE, p-v.. Union dist., S. C, 79 n. 
w. Columbus, 449 W. Situated on the w. side 
of Broad r. 

PiNCKNEYviLLE, p-v., Gwinnett co., Ga., 96 n. 
w. Milledgeville, 667 W. Situated a little s. e. 
of Chattahooche r. 

PiNCKNEYViLLE, p-v., Tallapoosa CO., Ala. 

PiNCKXEYViLLE, pv., Wilkinson co., Miss., 
150 s. w. Jackson, 1,160 W. Situated near the 
s. w. border of the state, and contains 2 stores, 
and several dwellings. 

PiNCKNEYViLLE, p-v.. Capital of Perry co.. 111., 
134 s. Springfield, 8^9 W. Situated on the w. 
side of Big Beaucoup creek, at the head of Four 
Mile prairie, and contains 5 stores and 20 dwell- 
ings, and 61 inhabitants. 

PiNDERTOvvN, p-v., Lbb CO., Ga., 118 s. s. w. 
Milledgeville, 775 W. Situated on the w. side 
of Flint r. 

Pine, p-o., Vienna t., Oneida co., N. Y., 117 
w. N. w. Albany, 3S7 W. 

Pine, t., Alleghany co., Pa., 11 n. Pittsburg. 
The surface is hilly ; soil, loam. Drained by 
branches of Alleghany r. It has 1 store, capital 
$500. 2 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 5 grist m., 5 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $8,200. 9 sch. 342 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,770. 

Pine, t., Armstrong co.. Pa. Bounded w. by 
Alleghany r., by branches of which it is drained. 



It has 2 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 4 grist 
m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $12,700. 1 acad. 
26 students. Pop. 1,227. 

Pi.vE Bluff, p-o., Copiah co., IMiss., 49 s. s. w. 
Jackson, i,061 W. 

Pine Bluff, po., Pulaski co.. Mo., 82 s. Jef- 
ferson City, 973 W. 

Pine Bluff, p-v., capital of Jefferson co., 
Ark., 23 s. s. e. Little Rock, 1,113 W. Situated 
on the s. side of Arkansas r. It contains a court 
house, several stores, and about 200 inhabitants. 

Pine Brook, p-v., Hanover t., Morris co., N. 
J., 63 N. Trenton, 234 W. 

Pine Creek, t., Clinton co.. Pa. It has 1 flour- 
ing m., 1 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $13,000. 1 
acad. 25 students, 2 sch. 62 scholars. Pop. 572. 

Pine, cr.. Pa., rises in Potter co., and flows into 
the w. branch of Susquehanna r. It is naviga- 
ble to the li)ie of Potter co., 60 ms. A vast quan- 
tity of lumber passes down it annually. 

Pine Cheek, p o., Tioga co.. Pa., 157 n. by w. 
Harrisburg, 271 W. 

Pine C'reek, t., Jefferson co., Pa. It has 1 
grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $14,300. 
Pop. 628. 

Pine Creek, p-o., Lewis co., Va., 323 w. n. 
w. Richmond, 296 W. 

Pine Grove, po., Tyrone t., Steuben co., N. 
Y., 193 w. by s. Albany, 306 W. 

Pine Grove, t., Venango co., Pa. It has 1 
store, cap. $7,000; 1 distillery, 1 grist ni., 1 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $2,900. 2 sch. 32 scholars. 
Pop. 593. 

Pine Grove, p-t., Schuylkill co.. Pa., 43 n. e. 
Harrisburg, 153 W. The surface is mounlainous. 
Watered by Swatara creek, along which runs a 
navigable feeder of the Union canal. A dam 
across the cr., in a gorge of Blue mountain, forms 
a pond, covering 7 or 800 acres, and which sets 
up 6 ms. Along this pond is a tow-path, and 4 
ms. beyond it, a canal to Pine Grove v. ; and 
along Swatara cr. a railroad extends 3i ms. fur- 
ther into the coal region. The v., situated on 
Swatara cr., has several streets, 6 stores, and 
about 90 dwellings. It contains a spacious basin 
for canal-boats. The t. has 6 stores, cap. $24,300 ; 
2 furnaces, 1 forge, 3 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $2,300. 1 sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 
1,605. 

Pine Grove, p-o., Tyler co., Va., 323 n. w. 
Richmond, 296 W. 

Pine Grove, p-o., Macon co., Ala., 143 s. e. 
Tuscaloosa, 804 W. 

Pine Grove, p-o., St. Tammany par.. La., 51 
n. NewOrieans, 1,153 W. 

Pine Grove, p-o., Springfield t., Gallia co., O., 
97 s. E. Columbus, 3C)9 W 

Pine Grove Mills, p o., Centre co., Pa., 
90 N. w. Harrisburg, 181 W. 

Pink Hill, p o., Washington co., R. I., 22 
Providence, 336 W. 

Pine Hill, p-o., Shandaken t., Ulster co., N. 
v., 75 s. vv. Albany, 349 W. 

Pine Hill, v., Elba t., Genesee co., N. Y. It 
contains 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, 
and 1 Methodist — 3 stores, 1 tannery, 30 dwell- 
ings, and about 200 inhabitants. 

Pine Hill, po., Wilcox co., Ala., 102 s. Tus- 
caloosa, 894 W. 

Pine Hill, p-o., Oakland co., Mich. 

Pine Lake, p o., Talbot co., Ga., 130 w. s. w 
Milledgeville, 782 W. 

Pine Level, po., Fluvanna co., Va. 

Pine Level, po., Montgomery co., Ala., 141 
s. E. Tuscaloosa, 852 W. 

Pine Lick, p-o., Clarke co., la., 94 s. s. E. In- 
dianapolis, 594 W 



PIQ 



533 



PIT 



Pine Log, p-o., Cass co., Ga., 156 n. w. Mil- 
ledgeville, 647 W. 

Pink Orchard. (See Cattskill.) 

Pink Plains, p-t., Dutehe^s co., N. Y., 25 n. 
E. Poughkeep.sie, 62 s. Albany, 317 W. The 
surface has high hills on the e. and w., with a 
fertile intervening plain ; soil, sandy and gravelly 
loam, [t has several ponds, from one of which 
flows Wappinger's creek. Drained also by CJhi- 
oomico creek, a tributary of Roeliff Janscn's cr. 
The V. contains 1 Presbyterian church, 4 stores, 
4'J dwellings, and about 250 inhabitants. There 
are in the t. 6 stores, cap. $18,100; 2 fulling m., 
1 tannery, 1 flouring m., 4 grist m., 3 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $28,900. 1 sch. 18 scholars. 
Pop. 1,334. 

Pine Run, p-o., Genesee co., Mich., 72 n. w. 
Detroit, 596 W. 

Pine's Bridge, p-o., Yorktown t,, Westchester 
CO., N. Y., 123 s. Albany, 265 W. 

Pine Street, p-o., Clearfield co.. Pa., 159 n. 
w. Harrisburg, 242 W. 

PiNEViLLE, p-o., Steuben co., N. Y., 220 w. 
by s. Albany, 305 W. 

PiNEviLLE, p-v., Bucks CO., Pa., 7 e. by s. 
Doylestown, 108 e. Harrisburg, 163 W. It con- 
tains about 6 dwellings. 

Pineville, p-v., Charleston dist., S. C, 130 s. 
E. Columbia, 518 W. Situated on the s. side of 
the Santee r. 

Pineville, p-v., Marion co., Ga. 

Pineville, p-v., 3Iarengo co., Ala., 110 s. s. 
w. Tuscaloosa, 922 W. Situated near the s. line 
of the CO., a little e. of Tombigbee r. 

Pine Woods, p-o., Sevier co., Ark., 131 w. s. 
w. Little Rock, 1,196 W. 

Piny, p-o., Armstrong co., Pa., 185 w. n. w. 
Harrisburg, 274 W. 

Piny Creek, p-o., Carroll co., Md. 

Piny Grove, p o., Williamsburg dist., S. C, 124 
E. by s. Columbia, 484 W. 

Piny River, p-o., Dickson co., Tenn., 52 w. 
Nashville, 736 W. 

Pingreeville, p-v., Littleton t., Grafton co., 
N. H., 89 N. w. Concord, 550 W. Situated on 
the E. side of Connecticut r. 

PiNKsviLLE, p-v., Armstrong co.. Pa., 197 vv. 
N. w. Harrisburg, 254 W. 

PiNKNEY, t., Calhoun co., Mich. It has 4 sch. 
28 scholars. Pop. 201. 

Pinkham's Grant, p-t., Coos co., N. H., 92 x. 
Concord, 578 W. It has 2 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $1,700. 1 sch. 12 scholars. I'op. 3J. 

PiNTLALA, r., Ala., rises in Montgomery co., 
and running on the e. border of the co., enters 
Alabama r., on its s. side. 

PiNTLALA, p-o., Montgomery co., Ala., 125 s. 
E. Tuscaloosa, 852 W. Situated on Pintlala cr., 
on the w. border of the co. 

PiNUS, p-o., Jnckson CO., 111., 90 s. Springfield, 
843 W. 

Pioneer Mills, p-o., Cabarrus co., N. C, 155 
w. by s. Raleigh, 392 W. 

Pipe Creek, p-o., Beaufort dist., S. C, 149 s. 
Columbia, 655 W. 

Pipe Creek, p-o., Madison co., la., 41 n. e. 
Indianapolis, 563 W. 

PiPERviLLE, p-o., Jefferson co., Wis. 

PiQUA, p-v., 3Iiami co., O., 73 w. Columbus, 
467 W. Situated on the s. w. side of Miami r., 
on the Ime of the 3Iiami canal. Its streets are 
spacious and regularly laid out. It contains 5 
cnurches, a market, 16 stores, 4 saw m., 2 grist 
m., a printing office issuing a weekly newspaper, 
250 dwellings, mostly of brick, and handsome. 
The waste water of the canal affords water 
power. It has 5 sch. 169 scholars. Pop. 1,481. 



PiQi'EA, p-v., Lancaster co., Pa., 51 s. E. Har- 
risburg, 129 W. 

PiscATAQUA, r., N. IL, rises in Wakefield t., 
and running s. s. e. about 40 ms. falls into the 
Atlantic below Portsmouth, where it forms one 
of tlie best harbors in the U. States. Through 
its whole course it constitutes the boundary be- 
tween N. H. and Me. From its source to Ber- 
wick lower falls it is called Salmon Falls r. ; 
thence to its junction with Cocheco r, Newieha- 
vvannoc ; and thence to the ocean, Pi.scataqua. 
Through Great Bay, which enters it on the s., it 
receives Lamprey, Exeter, and several other 
stream.s from the s. and w. It is navigable, witli 
its tributaries, for sloops to South Berwick, Do- 
ver, New Market, Durham, and Exeter. Great 
Bay unites with the Piscataqua at Hilton's point, 
5 ms. above Portsmouth, and is, in some places, 
4 miles wide. The tide flows up the r. at Ports- 
mouth with a strong current, which prevents the 
harbor from being much obstructed by ice. 

Piscataquis, r., Me., a large western branch 
of Penobscot r., which rises in the elevated land 
between Penobscot and Kennebec rivers, and 
flowing E. about 65 ms., enters the Penobscot 25 
ms. below the junction of 3Ialtawamkeag r. 

Piscataquis, county. Me. Situated in the n. 
part of the state, extending to the Canada line, 
contains a great amount of territory, most of 
which is a wilderness, the s. part only being 
settled. It contains a great number of lakes, the 
principal of which are Moose Head, on its vv. bor- 
der, Chesuncook, and Pemadumcook. Drained 
by the Penobscot, Piscataquis, Sebec, and Pleas- 
ant rivers, which afford extensive water power. 
It contains Katalidin mountain, and some other 
less elevated summits. Organized in 183-^. It 
has much good land in the neighborhood of Pis- 
cataquis r. Capital, Dover. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 8,642, sheep 17,830, swine 4,720; 
wheat 59,298 bush, produced, rye 2,769, Ind. 
corn 12,583. buckwheat 987, barley 4,229, oats 
57,675, potatoes 445,576, sugar 8,454 pounds ; 10 
tores, cap. $15,400 ; 3 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 
9 tanneries, 3 flouring m., 19 grist m., 31 saw m., 
1 oil m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. 
Cap. in manufac. $34,450. 1 acad. 100 students, 
143 sch. 5,578 scholars. Pop. 13,13S. 

PiscATAQUOG, r., N. H., a branch of the 3Ier- 
rimac r., whicli it enters at a v. of its own name, 
on its w. side. 

Pi.scATAWAV, t., Middlesex co., N. J., 5 n. New 
Brunswick. Watered by Amherst and Cedar 
brooks, tributaries of Green brook. The surface 
is level ; soil, loam, clay, and red shale, and gen- 
erally well cultivated. It contains several vs. 
The v. of the same name contains an Episcopal 
church, 1 store, and about 12 dwellings. There 
are in the t. 7 stores, cap. $12,200; 2 tanneries, 5 
grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $30,850. 8 
sch. 222 scholars. Pop. 2,82S. 

PiscATAWAY, p-v.. Prince Georre's co., Md., 
56 s. w. Annapolis, 16 W. Situated on Piscata 
way r., a branch of Potomac r. 

PisEco, lake, Arietta t., Hamilton co., N. Y , 
is 6 ms. long and 2 wide, abounding with excel- 
lent trout. Its outlet forms the w. branch of 
Sacondaga r., a tributary of Hudson r. 

PiSEco, p-v.. Arietta t., Hamilton co., N. Y. 
Situated at the n. end of Piseco lake. It con- 
tains 2 stores, 1 grist in., 2 saw m., 1 machine 
shop, 15 dwellings, and about 100 inhabitants. 

PisGAH, p-o.. Cole CO., Mo., 33 w. n. w. Jeffer- 
son City, 969 W. 

Pistol Creek, p-o., Wilkes co., Ga., 94 n. e. 
Milledgeville, 566 W. 

PiTCAiRN, p-t., St. Lawrence co., N. Y., 30 s. 



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534 



PIT 



Canton, 171 n. n. w. Albany, 470 W. The sur- 
face is gently uneven ; soil, clay loam, well 
adapted to grass. Drained by the s. w. branch 
of Oswegatchie r. It lias 2 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $500. 2 sch. 42 scholars. Pop. 3%. 

Pitcher, p-t., Chenango co., N. Y., IG w. 
Norwich, 127 w. s. w. Albany. Tlie surface is 
hilly ; soil, argillaceous loam. Drained by Os- 
telie r. and its tributaries. The v. is situated on 
Ostelic cr., and contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 
Baptist church, 2 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 
tannery, 1 clothier's works, 40 dwellings, and 
about 200 inhabitants. There are in the t. 3 
stores, cap. $7,000 ; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 
2 tanneries, 4 grist ni., 3 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $8,300. 1 acad. 26 students, 16 sch. 571 
scholars. Pop. 1,562. 

Pitcher Springs, p-v., Pitcher t., Chenango 
CO., N. Y., 126 w. Albany, 332 W. It contains 
a store, an academy, about 30 dwellings, and 2 
or 3 sulphur springs of some celebrity. 

Pitch L.\nd!NG, p-v., Hertford co., N. C, 165 
K. N. E. Raleigh, 237 W. Situated on the w. 
side of Piney cr., a branch of Wickocon cr., 
which flows into Chowan r. 

Pitt, county, N. C. Situated toward the E. 
part of the state, and contains 800 sq. ms. Neuse 
r. runs on its s. e. border. Drained by Tar r. 
Capital, Greenville. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 5,984, sheep 4,369, swine 31,037; wheat 
9,751 bush, produced, rye 2,570, Ind. corn 376,455, 
oats 6,424, potatoes 73,316, cotton 510,259 pounds, 
15 commission houses and 9 stores, cap. $66,080 ; 
14 distilleries, 1 flouring m., 6 grist m., 5 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $1,500. I acad. 30 students, 4 
sch. 63 scholars. Pop. whites 6,123, .slaves 5,648, 
free col'd 30; total, 11,806. 

Pitt, t., Alleghany co., Pa. Alleghany r. 
bounds it on the n., and Monongahela r. on the 
s. and w. The city of Pittsburg lies on its n. w. 
boundary. It contains the villages of East Liber- 
ty and Lawrenceville. The surfice is hilly ; 
soil, loam. Coal is abundant. It has 17 stores, 
cap. $12,200; 1 furnace, 1 forge, 5 tanneries, 4 
glass houses, 2 saw m. Cap. in manufactures, 
$273,195. 1 acad. 20 students, 10 sch. 961 schol- 
ars. Pop. 6,002. 

Pitt, t., Crawford co., O. It contains Little 
Sandusky v. It has 3 sch. 124 scholars. Pop. 
424. 

Pittm.^ns, p-o., Monroe co., Ga., 62 w. Mil- 
ledgeville, 684 W. 

PiTTSBOROUGH, p-v.. Capital of Chatham co., 
N. C, 34 w. by s. Raleigh, 322 W. Situated on 
Robinson's cr. It contains a court house, jail, 1 
Episcopal and 1 Methodist church, an academy, 
and about 300 inhabitants. 

Pittsburg, t., Coos co., N. H. Situated in 
the N. E. extremity of the state. It contains Con- 
necticut lake, and several head branches of Con- 
necticut r. 

Pittsburgh, city, port of entry, and capital of 
Alleghany co.. Pa., is situated at the confluence 
of the Alleghany and Monongahela rivers, where 
they form the Ohio, which is here a quarter of a 
mile wide. It is in 40° 32' n. lat., and 80° 2' vv. 
Ion., 230 w. N. w. Baltimore, 297 \v. by n. Phila- 
delphia, 200 w. N. w. Harrisbnrg, 226 W. Pop. 
1810, 4,768; 1820, 7,248; 1830, 12,542; 1840, 
21,115, being the second city in population in the 
state, and the 13lh in the United Slates. It is 
built on a beautiful plain between the two rivers, 
in the form of a triangle. About a mile back of 
the point it is encompassed by Grant's, Ayers's, 
and Quarry hills. It is compactly built, with 
.some handsome buildings, generally of brick ; 
but a dingv appearance is given to them by the 



dust of the bituminous coal, so extensively used 
in manufactures and otherwise. The city was 
first laid out in 1765, on the n. e. bank of the 
Monongahela, after the plan of Philadelphia, 
with streets running parallel with the river, and 
crossed by others at right angles. The streets 
on the Alleghany also run parallel with the river, 
and are crossed by streets at right angles ; and 
the cross streets meet each other obliquely, a few 
streets back from the r. A bridge crosses the 
Alleghany, and anotlier the Monongaliela r., the 
former of which cost $96,000, and the latter 
$102,000. The Pennsylvania canal crosses the 
AUegliany r. in an aqueduct, and several ferries 
cross the Monongahela. The harbor of Pitts- 
burgh is chiefly on the Monongahela, where the 
water is deeper than in the Alleghany. There 
are 89 steamboats, averaging over 125 tons burden, 
owned wholly or in part in the district of Pitts- 
burgh. The hills with which Pittsburgh is sur- 
rounded are filled with bituminous coal, which is 
inexiianstible, and affords great aid to its manu- 
factures. There are 35 churches — 5 Presbyterian, 
1 Reformed do., 4 Methodist, 1 Protestant do., 1 
Cumberland Presbyterian, 3 Baptist, 2 Episcopal, 
5 Scots Presbyterian, 2 Lutheran, 2 Congrega- 
tional, 3 Welsli Methodist, 1 Unitarian, 1 Disci- 
ples, 3 Roman Catholic, and 1 African. There 
are four banks, with an aggregate capital of 
$3,000,000, besides a bank for savings, and 2 in- 
surance offices, with a total capital of $500,000. 

Among the public buildings of Pittsburgh, 
the new Court House, situated on Grant's hill, 
is a splendid edifice, 165 feet long and 100 feet 
broad, of Grecian Doric architecture, in a very 
commanding situation, and cost $200,000. The 
building of the Western University of Pennsylva- 
nia is also near Grant's hill, on the Monongahela 
side of the city. There is a spacious Roman 
Catholic cathedral on Grant's hill. There are a 
museum, which contains many aboriginal curios- 
ities, and several splendid hotels. There are 
several literary societies, with small libraries, 
which would probably be more eflicient, if united 
in one large institution. There are three market 
houses. The city is supplied with water raised 
from the Alleghany r., a very pure stream, by 
steam power, which supplies 1,500,000 gallons 
daily, and is sent over the city in pipes, in the 
whole 'Ji miles in length, and is to be further ex- 
tended, and which cost $183,056. Pittsburgh is 
alike distinguished for its commerce and manu- 
factures. Tonnage in 1340, 12,000. It had in 
1840, 7 commercial and 32 commission houses, 
with a cap. of $1,241,110; 408 retail stores, cap 
$1,165,190; 17 lumber yards, cap. $167,000; 25 
furnaces, 5 forges, cap. $1,219,000, value of ma- 
chinery manutactured $443,500; hardware and 
cutlery, &c., $276,500 ; 5 cannon and 1,350 small- 
arms manufactured; precious metals, $14,860; 
various metals, $196,700; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen 
fac, cap. $10,000; 2 cotton fac. with 3.000 sp., 4 
tanneries, 5 breweries ; paints and drugs, cap. 
$203,300 ; 4 glass fac, 2 glass cutting estab., 2 
flouring m., 5 saw m., 1 oil m., 18 printing offices, 
7 binderies, 4 daily, 11 weekly new.spapers ; 53 
brick and stone houses, and 15 wooden houses 
built, cost $161,200. Cap. in manufac. .$2,057,952. 
1 college, 50 students, 9 acad. 755 students, 18 
sch. 2,531 scholars. 

There are several places in the vicinity of 
Pittsburgh, which, though under different organ- 
ization, should be regarded as suburbs of it, the 
principal of which is Alleghany Citv, on the 
N. w. side of the Alleghany r. Here are 15 
churches — 2 Presbyterian, "i Reformed do., 2 
Cumberland do., 2 Methodist, 1 Protestant do., 1 



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535 



PIT 



Baptist, 1 Episcopal, 2 Scots Presbyterian, 1 
German Reformed, 1 Disciples. I'he Western 
Penitentiary of Pennsylvania is located at this 
place, and has been erected at great expense. 
The Western Theological Seminary is also es- 
tablished here. It occupies a commanding emi- 
nence, which overlooks the surrounding country. 
The building is 150 feet long, the centre 4 stories, 
and the wings 3 stories high, and it has a respec- 
table library. Alleghany city presents many a- 
greeable residences, where persons who do busi- 
ness in Pittsburgh arc pleased to retire from the 
bu.stle and smoke and coal dust of the principal 
city. It has considerable commercial and manu- 
facturing business of its own. There were in IS 10, 
58 stores, cap. .$33,400; 9 lumber yards, cap. 
$50,000; 1 furnace, 1 forge, cap. $218,000; value 
of hardware and cutlery produced, $50,000 ; 3 cot- 
ton fac. 14,270 sp., 2 tanneries, 1 brewery, 1 rope- 
walk. Cap. in manufac. $720,640. 1 theological 
college, 31 students, 3 academies, 169 students, 
12 sch. 709 scholars. Pop. 10,089. 

Birmingham borough, (p o. called Buchan- 
an,) is another important suburb of Pittsburgh. 
It is on s. side of the Mononguhela, about a mile 
distant from the centre of Pittsburgh, and has a 
considerable population, and important manufac- 
tures of glass, iron, &c. It has a Presbyterian 
and a 3Iethodist church, and a market house. It 
is connected to Pittsburgh by a bridge and a fer- 
ry. There were in 1840, 10 stores, cap. $14,500; 
2 lumber yards, cap. $9,300 ; I forge, 6 glass fac, 
4 glass cutting estab., cap. $140,000 ; 1 pottery. 
Cap. in manufac. $155,750. 4 sch. 115 scholars. 
Pop. 1,554. 

The French formerly had a trading post where 
Pittsburgh stands, denominated Fort L)u Quesne. 
In an attempt to capture this fortress, Gen. Brad- 
dock was defeated and slain, on the e. bank of 
the Monongahela, 9 miles from Pittsburgh, and 
the youthful Washington displayed his bravery 
and skill, in conducting back the remain?- of the 
shattered army. This place came into posses- 
sion of the British in 1758, by capture from the 
French ; and by a ibrtification of some strength, 
the possession was maintained against a power- 
ful attack by the Indians. The magazine of the 
fore built in 1764, remained entire until very re- 
cently. It was not until some time after the 
close of the revolutionary war that Pittsburgh 
began much to excite the attention of emigrants, 
and to commence its onward march toward its 
present distinguished prosperity. 

Pittsburg, p-v., Carroll co., la., 68 n. n. w. 
Indianapolis, 626 W. 

Pittsburg, p-v., Henry co., Ga., 75 w. n. w. 
Milledgeville, 679 W. 

Pittsburg, p-v., Johnson co.. Ark., 91 n. w. 
Little Rock, 758 W. Situated on the n. bank of 
Arkansas r. It contains a court house, 2 stores, 
and 15 or 20 houses. 

Pittsfield, pt., Somerset co.. Me., 43 n. Au- 
gusta, 63-i W. The soil is fertile, adapted to 
grain. Watered by a branch of Sebasticook r. 
Incorporated in 1819. It has 1 store, cap. $400 ; 
1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,500. 
10 sch. 393 scholars. Pop. 951. 

Pittsfield, p-t., Rutland co., Vt., 70 s. s. w. 
Montpelier, 464 W. Tlie surface is mountain- 
ous and rough ; soil, adapted to grazing. Water- 
ed by Tweed r., which flows into White river. 
Chartered in 1781. It contains a Congregational 
and a Methodist church. It has 2 stores, cap. 
$4,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $3,210. 5 sch. 216 scholars. Pop. 
615. 

Pittsfield, p-t., Merrimac co., N. H , 15 n. 



E. Concord, 4% W. The surface is various ; 
soil, fertile. Catamount mountain is in its s. E. 
part, on which is a considerable pond. Watered 
by Suncook r., which atFords water power. The 
V. contains an academy, and a number of neat 
dwellings. There are in the t. 5 stores, cap. 
$15,800; 1 cotton fac. 4,0% sp., 3 tanneries, 1 
grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $208,185. 
2 acad. 168 students, 11 sch. 461 scholars. Pop. 
1,719. 

Pittsfield, p-t., Berkshire co., Mass., 131 w. 
Boston, 376 W. The surfoce is moderately un- 
even ; sod, a fertile loam. Drained by branches 
of Housatonic r., which afford good water pow- 
er. The railroad from Boston to Albany passes 
through it. Agriculture has been greatly im- 
proved here. The v. near the centre is one of 
the largest and best built in the co. The houses 
are generally of wood, neatly painted white, and 
ornamented with shrubbery. It lies chiefly on 
two streets crossing each other at right angles, 
and has a central square of 4 acres, ornamented 
by a lofty elm tree in the middle, the remains of 
the original forest. It contains 4 churches — 1 
Congregational, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, and 1 
Methodist — a bank, a printing office, a male and a 
female academy, 350 dwellings, and 2,500 in- 
habitants. The Berkshire Medical Institution, 
located here, was founded in 1823, has 5 profes- 
sors, 74 students, 473 graduates ; and the lectures 
commence on the first Thursday in September. 
It is connected with Williams' College, at Wil- 
liamstown. There are in the t. 1 cotton fac. 
1,500 sp., 3 tanneries, 1 brewery, 1 printing office, 

1 weekly newspaper, 2 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $111,200. I acad. 63 students, 15 
sch. 696 scholars. Pop. 3,747. 

Pittsfif.ld, p-t., Otsego co., N. Y., 18 w. 
Cooperstown, 95 w. Albany, 352 W. The sur- 
face is hilly, with fertile valleys ; soil, sandy 
loam. Drained by Unadilla r. and its tributaries 
It has 2 stores, cap. $2,000 ; 1 fulling in., 1 cotton 
fac. 3,500 sp., 1 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $53,256. 5 sch. 160 scholars. Pop. 1,395. 

Pittsfield, p-o., Warren co.. Pa. 

Pittsfield, p-t., Lorain co., O., 106 n. n. e. 
Columbus, 375 W. It has 4 sch. 84 scholars. 
Pop. 704. 

Pittsfield, p-t., W.ishtenaw co., Mich., 35 
w. Detroit, 522 W. Pop. 1,151. 

Pittsfield, p-v., capital of Pike co.. 111., 70 
w. s. w. Springfield, 850 W. Situated on ele- 
vated ground, midway between the Illinois and 
Mississippi rivers. It contains a court house, jail, 
5 stores, various mechanic shops, and about 200 
inhabitants. 

PiTTSFORn, p-t., Rutland co., Vt., 70 s. w. 
Montpelier, 464 W. The surface is moderately 
uneven ; soil, loam with some sand and clay, 
and fertile, particularly on the streams. Drained 
by Otter cr. and Furnace r., with its branches, a 
tributary of Otter cr., which afford water power. 
Iron ore, a coarse-grained and slightly flexible 
marble, and oxide of manganese, are found here. 
The v., near the centre, contains 2 churches, 
several stores, and about 40 dwellings. The t. 
contains 3 churches — 1 Congregational, 1 Baptist, 
and 1 Methodist. It has 4 stores, cap. $12,000; 

2 furnaces, 2 tanneries. Cap. in manufac. $2,200. 
18 sch. 650 scholars. Pop. 1,927. 

PiTTSFORD, p-t., .Monroe co., N. Y., 6 e. Roch- 
ester, 213 w. by N. Albany, 362 W. The surface 
is undulating; soil, calcareous and argillaceous 
loam. Drained by Irondiquoit cr. and its tril)u- 
taries. The v. is situated on the Erie canal, and 
the Auburn and Rochester railroad passes through 
it. It contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist 



PLA 



536 



PLA 



church, 4 stores, 2 forwarding houses, 100 dwell- 
ings, and about 70i) inhabitants. Tlie t. had in 
1840, 3 stores, cap. iB33,(!00; 1 tannery, 1 brew- 
ery, 1 flouring m. Cap. in manufac. $15,400. 13 
sch. 593 scholars. Pop. 1,933. 

PiTTSFORD, p-t., Hillsdale co., Mich., 89 w. s. 
w. Detroit, 521 W. The soil is fertile, adapted 
to grain. It contains 1 store, cap. $1,800. Pop. 
641. 

PiTTSGRovE, p-t., Salem CO., N. J., 16 e. Salem. 
The surface is partly undulating and partly level ; 
soil, chiefly sandy or. gravelly loam. Drained 
by branches of Alanrice run, and by head wa- 
ters of Salem and Oldman's creeks. It has sev- 
eral villages, and contains 1 Presbyterian, 1 Bap- 
tist, and 1 3Iethodist church. There are in the t. 
6 stores, cap. $9,820; 1 woollen fac, 5 grist m., 
3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,955. 7 sch. 270 
scholars. Pop. 2,390. 

Pitt's Mills, p-o., Armstrong co.. Pa., 74 w. 
by N. Harrisburg, 165 W. 

PiTTSTON, p-t., Kennebec co., Me., 7 s. by e. 
Augusta, 595 W. Situated on the e. side of Ken- 
nebec r. The soil is fertile, adapted to grain. 
Drained by small tributaries of Kennebec r., 
which afford water power. Incorporated in 
1779. Lumber is exported to a considerable ex- 
tent. It has 9 stores, cap. 18,000; 3 grist m., 11 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $75,840. 16 sch. 696 
scholars. Pop. 2,460. 

PiTTSTON Ferry, p-o., Luzerne co., Pa., 136 
N. E. Harrisburg, 240 W. 

PiTTSTowN, p-t., Rensselaer co., N. Y., 12 n. 
E. Troy, 25 n. e. Albany, 393 W. The surface 
is uneven ; soil, clay, gravel and loam. Drained 
by Tomhannock cr. and Hoosic r., which bounds 
it on the n. The v. contains a Baptist church, 2 
stores, and about 20 dwellings. It has 10 stores, 
cap. $24,800 ; 3 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 3 cot- 
ton fac. 2,290 sp., 2 tanneries, 1 flouring m., 5 
grist m., 13 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. 
$127,600 ; 20 sch. 857 scholars. Pop. 3,784. 

PiTTSTOWN, p-v., Alexander t., Hunterdon co., 
N. J., 33 N. N. w. Trenton, 193 W. Situated on 
a tributary of the s. branch of Raritan r. It con- 
tains a store, a grist m., and about 20 dwellings. 

Pittsylvania, county, Va. Situated in the 
S. part of the state, and contains 891 sq. ms. 
Staunton r. runs on its n. border, by branches of 
which, and by Dan r., and Banister r., it is wa- 
tered. The soil is generally fertile. Capital, 
Competition. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
19,451, sheep 19,277, swine 42,513 ; wheat 142,178 
bush, produced, rye 5,747, Ind. corn 679,319, oats 
333,763, potatoes 24,499, tobacco 6,438,777 pounds, 
cotton 18,499 ; 23 stores, cap. $200,300 ; 13 tan- 
neries, 4 distilleries, 4 flouring m., .50 grist m., 37 
saw m., 1 printing ofllce, 1 weekly newspaper. 
Cap. in manufac. $221,690. 4 acad. 195 students, 
38 sch. 817 scholars. Pop. whites 14,283, slaves 
11,558, free col'd 557; total, 26,398. 

Pittsylvania, C. H., p-v., capital of Pittsyl- 
vania CO., Va., 162 w. s. w. Richmond, 245 W. 
This place is called also Competition, and is sit- 
uated on a branch of Banister r. It contains a 
court house, jail, 1 Methodist church, 3 stores, 
125 dwellings, and about 250 inhabitants. 

Plain, t.. Stark co., O. It has 800 scholars in 
schools. Pop. 1,83-1. 

Plain, p-t., Wayne co., O., 92 n. e. Columbus, 
349 W. It contains several villages. Pop. 2,134. 

Plain, t., Franklin co., O. Situated in thejs. 
E. corner of the co., and has a level surface. It 
has 2 sch. 75 scholars. Pop. 1,264. 

Plain, t., St. Francis co.. Ark. Pop. 192. 

Plain, p-o , Greenville dist., S. C, 95 w. n. w. 
Columbia, 514 W. 



Plainfield, p t., Sullivan co., N. H., 62 n. 
w. Concord, 478 W. Connecticut r. bounds it on 
the w., along which are excellent tracts of inter- 
vale. Queechee falls, in Connecticut r., are op- 
posite this t., and a bridge crosses the r. Hart's 
Island, in Connecticut r., containing 19 acres, is 
in this t. It contains " Union Academy," found- 
ed in 1813, by the bequest of $40,000, which is 
designed to aid young men in a preparation for 
the gospel ministry, and is flourishing. There 
are in the t. 3 stores, cap. $9,000 ; 2 tanneries, 2 
grist m., 5 saw m., I acad. 175 students, 11 sch. 
613 scholars. Pop. 1,552. 

Plainfield, p-t., Washington co., Vt., 9 e. by 
s. Montpelier, 525 W. The surface is uneven ; 
soil, generally fertile. Watered by Onion r. and 
its branch. Great Brook, which afford water 
power. The v., at the junction of these streams, 
contains 1 Congregational and 1 Methodist church. 
It contains a mineral spring of some note. There 
are in the t. 2 stores, cap. $5,200; 1 fulling m., 1 
tannery, 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$3,450. 4 sch. 133 scholars. Pop. 830. 

Plainfield, p-t., Hampshire co., Mass., 115 
w. Boston, 402 W. The surface is mountainous 
and rough ; soil, fertile, adapted to grazing. Wa- 
tered by the head branches of Westfield r., which 
afford water power. North pond, a mile long 
and half a mile wide, in its N. part, has its outlet 
into Deerfield r. The v., at the centre, contains 
a Congregational church. There are in the t. 3 
stores, cap. $5,500 ; 2 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 

1 cotton fac, 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 7 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $17,650. 1 acad., 6 sch. 311 
scholars. Pop. 910. 

Plainfield, p-t., W^indham co., Ct., 45 e. 
Hartford, 372 W. Bounded on the w. by Quin- 
nebaug r. Drained by Moosup r., which affords 
good water power. 'The surface is level; soil, 
a sandy loam. It contains 4 churches — 1 Con- 
gregational, 2 Baptist, and 1 Friends. The v., 
at the centre, is on elevated ground, mostly on 
one extended street, and contains a Congrega- 
tional church, and an old and flourishing acade- 
my, founded in 1783, and a number of neat dwell- 
ings. The Norwich and Worcester railroad passes 
through the t., a little w. of the v. There are in 
the t. 6 stores, cap. $19,600; 2 woollen fac, 7 
cotton fac. 15,900 sp., 1 tannery, 4 grist m., 5 saw 
m., 9 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $364,000. 12 sch. 
692 scholars. Pop. 2,383. 

Plainfield, p-t., Otsego co., N. Y., 15 n. w. 
Cooperstown, 84 w. Albany, 373 W. The sur- 
face is undulating ; soil, sandy and calcareous 
loam, and very fertile. Drained by Unadilla r. 
and its tributaries. It has 2 stores, cap. $7,000 ; 

2 fulling m., 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $15,890. 12 sch. 491 scholars.^ Pop. 1,450. 

Plainfield, p-v., Westfield t., Essex co., N. 
.!., 39 N. e. Trenton, 206 W. Situated on Green 
brook, and contains 5 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 
1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, and 2 Friends, (I Ortho- 
dox and 1 Hicksite,) — 4 stores, several mills and 
manufactories, an insurance company, a ladies' 
library, an apprentices' library, and about 150 
dwellings. 

Plainfield, t., Northampton co.. Pa. Blue 
mountain crosses its n. part, otherwise it is level ; 
soil, gravel. Drained by the e. branch of Bush- 
kill cr. It has 4 stores, cap. $13,300; 2 tanner- 
ies, 3 erist m., 4 saw m., 1 oil m. Can. in manu- 
fac. $5,500. Pop. 1,501. 

Plainfield. p-v., Linton t., Coshocton co., O., 
81 N. E. Columbus, 329 W. Situated on Wills 
or., and contains 1 store, and about 100 inhabit- 
ants. 

Pl^AiNFiELD, t., Allegan co., Mich. It has 1 



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furnace, 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,500. 3 
sch. 95 scholars. Pop. 397. 

Plai.nfield, p-0., Livingslon co., Mich., 71 w. 
N. w. Detroit, 557 W. 

Plainfield, p-t., Henilricks co., la., 15 w. s. 
w. Indianapolis, 58G W. 

Plainfield, p-v.. Will co.. 111., 173 n. e. 
Springfield, 750 W. It ha.s 1 Baptist and 1 
Methodist church, 2 stores, cap. $1,0 JO; 1 flour- 
ing m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,400. 4 
sch. 160 scholars. Pop. 5-'5. 

Plain.s of Dura, p-o., Sumpter co., Ga., 113 
s. \v. Milledgeville, 769 W. 

Plainville, p-o., Farmington t., Hartford co., 
Ct.. 13 w. by s. Hartford, 326 W. 

1 LAINVILLE, p-v., Lysander t., Onondaga co., 
N. Y., 155 w. by n. Albany, 360 W. It contains 
1 church, 1 store, and about 'SO dwellings. 

Plainville, p-o., Exeter t., Luzerne co., Pa., 
119 N. E. HarrLsburg, '227 W. 

Plainville, p-o.. Hamilton co., O., 117 w. s. 
w. Columbus, -489 W. 

Plainville, p-o., Allegan co., Mich., 145 w. 
by N. Detroit, 610 W. 

Plaisance, p-o., Rapides par.. La., 329 n. w. 
New Orleans, 1,248 W. 

Plaistovv, p-t., Rockingham co., N. H., 37 s. 
E. Concord, 465 W. The soil is fertile, being a 
dark loam mixed with clay and gravel. Charter- 
ed in 174 J. It has 1 store, cap. $3,000 ; 3 grist 
m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,000. 1 acad. 
24 students, 4 sch. 185 scholars. Pop. 626. 

Planters, t., Phillips co.. Ark. It has 2 grist 
m., 1 saw m. 1 sch. 27 scholars. Pop. 375. 

Planters, p-o., .lasper co., Ga., 42 w. n. vv. 
Milledgeville, 649 W. 

Planters, p-o., Attala co.. Miss., 80 n. e. Jack- 
son, 975 W. 

Planter's Hall, p-o., Breckenridge co., Ky., 
122 w. s. w. Frankfort, 664 W. 

Plantersville, p-v.. Perry co., Ala., 77 s. by 
E. Tuscaloosa, 824 W. 

Plaquemine, bayou, an outlet of the Missis- 
sippi r., 8 ms. below the mouth of the Ibervil le, 
117 ms. above New Orleans. 96 below the efflux 
of Alchafalaya outlet, into which it at length en- 
ters. The waters of the Mississippi only flow 
into it when that river approaches its extreme 
height. In time of high water it is navigable for 
vessels and steamboats. 

Plaque.mine, parish. La. Situated in the s. e. 
part of the state, and includes the mouths of the 
Mississippi proper. It contains about 2,500 sq. 
ms. The surface is low, and its s. part not being 
elevated more than 10 feet in its highest parts 
above the level of the Gulf of 3Iexico, is there- 
fore liable to submersion. The arable soil, which 
is extremely productive, is confined wholly to 
the margin of the r. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 4,124, sheep 1,832, .swine 824; Ind. corn 
100,185 bush, produced, rice 985,800 pounds, 
sugar 10,329,000; 15 stores, cap. $15,550; 1 dis- 
tillery, 1 brewery. Cap. in manufoc. $15,000. 
1 college, 38 students. Pop. whites 1,551, slaves 
3,385, free col'd 324 ; total 5,060. 

Plaquemine, p-v., capital of Iberville par.. La., 
112 w. N. w. New Orleans, 1,192 W. Situated 
on the .Mississippi r., on the s. side of Plaquemine 
bayou, at its efflux from the r. It contains a court 
house, 15 stores, and about 250 inhabitants. 

Plateau, t., Jefferson co.. Mo. Pop. 504. 

Plato, p-o., Amherst t., Lorain co., O., 123 N. 
N. E. Columbus, 3'^1 W. 

Platte, r., Indian ter., one of the large tribti- 
taries of the Missouri, rises by 2 branches in ihe 
Rocky mountains, which unite 400 ms. from their 
source, and after an easterly course in the whole 



of about 1,600 ms., joins the Missouri 700 ms. from 
the Mississippi. Its principal tributaries are the 
Elkhorn, entering it near its mouth, and the Loup 
fork, 90 ms. above. It is from 1 to 3 ms. broad, 
and so shallow, that, excepting in floods, it can be 
forded in almost any place. It is full of islands 
covered with cotton-wood, willows, and shrubs, 
and the shifting sands in its bed, together with 
the rapidity of the current, efTectually prevent 
navigation. 

1'latte, r.. Little, enters the Missouri from the 
N., 349 ms. from the Mi.s.sisi^ippi. 

Platte, county. Mo. Situated in the n. w. 
part of the state, and contains 420 sq. ms. The 
Missouri r. runs on its w. and s. boundary. Wa- 
tered by Little Platte r. Capital, Platte City. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 11,823, sheep 
9,339, swine 41,363; wt)eat8,616 bush, produced, 
Ind. corn 456,451, oats 7,117, potatoes 28,548, to- 
bacco 19,589 pounds ; 25 stores, cap. $131,350 ; 
4 distilleries, 1 pottery, 9 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $25,3.50. Pop. whites 8,049. slaves 
858, free col'd 6 ; total, 8,913. 

Platte City, p-v., capital of Platte co.. Mo. 
Situated on the w. side of Little Platte r. It con- 
tains a court house, and about 250 inhabitants. 

Plattekill, p-t., IHster co., N. Y., 20 s. King- 
ston, 85 s. s. w. Albany, 295 W. The surface is 
undulating and hilly ; soil, clay and gravelly 
loam. Drained by Old Plan's Kill, and by tribu- 
taries of Wallkill r. The v. contains 2 churches, 
2 stores, and about 20 dwellings. There are in 
the t. 5 stores, cap. $10,000; 2 grist m., 1 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $15,575. 7 sch. 450 scholars. 
Pop. 2,125. 

Platteville, p-v., Grant CO., Wis., 78 w. s. w. 
Madison, 910 W. 

Platt.sburg, p-t., capital of Clinton co., N. Y., 
163 N. Albany, 53-i \V. The surface is level on 
the E., hilly and broken on the w. The soil is 
various, chiefly clay or sandy loam. Watered 
by Saranac r. The v. is situated on both sides 
of Saranac r., at its entrance into Cumberland 
bay, an indentation of Lake Champlain. Incor- 
porated in 1815. It contains a court house, jail, 
county clerk's ofllce, 4 churches— 1 Presbyterian, 
1 Episcopal, 1 3Iethodist, and 1 Roman Catholic — 
a bank, lyceum, an academy, 30 stores, 1 flouring 
m., 1 grist m., 2 cotton fac, 3 woollen fac, 2 saw 
m., 2 marble m., 2 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 1 ma- 
chine shop, 2 printing olfices, 350 dwellings, and 
about 2,600 inhabitants. The Saranac has here 
a succession of falls, about 40 feet total descent, 
which affords extensive water power. It contains 
a United States military post a little s. of the v. 
Here a brave defence was made against 14,000 
of the best British troops, under Sir George Pro- 
vost, September 11, 1814, and at the same time 
the British fleet was captured by Commodore 
McDonough, in the bay before the v. There are 
in the t. 4b stores, cap. $18^,130; 4 fulling m., 3 
woollen fac, 2 cotton fac. 12,000 sp., 1 furnace, 4 
forges, 5 tanneries, 2 printing offices, 2 weekly 
newspapers, 1 flouring m., 3 grist m., 25 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $126,255. 2 acad. Ill students, 
19 sch. 646 scholars. Pop. 6,416. 

Plat psburg, p-v., capital of Clinton co.. Mo., 
180 w. N. w. Jeff(3rson City, 1,092 W. Situated 
on the w. side of Smith's Ibrk of Little Platte r. 
It contains a court house, jail, 5 stores, and about 
300 inhabitants. 

Pleasant, t., Warren co.. Pa. It has 3 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $5,500. 3 sch. 40 scholars. 
Pop. 190. 

Pleasant, t., Hardin co., O. It has 3 stores, 
cap. $12,000; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 1 saw m 
Cap. in manufac. $2,200. Pop. 569. 



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Pleasant, t., Franklin co., O. Watered by 
Big and Little Darby creeks, which afford water 
power. It has 2 sch. 40 scliolars. Pop. 807. 

Pleasant, t., Knox co., O. Watered by Ver- 
non r. It contains Gainbier v., in which Kenyon 
college is situated. It has 6 sch. 255 scliolars. 
Pop. 888. 

Pleasant, t., Putnam co., O. Pop. 328. 

Pleasant, t., Seneca co., O. Pop. 974. 

Pleasant, t., Van Wert co., O. Pop. 192. 

Pleasant, t., Fairfield co., O. Pop. 2,030. 

Pleasant, t., Madison co., O. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $5,000. 7 sch. 250 scholars. Pop. 936. 

Pleasant, t., Clark co., O. It has 7 sch. 373 
scholars. Pop. 1,091. 

Pleasant, t.. Brown co., O. It contains George- 
town v., the capital of the co. It has 2 sch. 96 
scholars. Pop. 1,970. 

Pleasant, t., Grant co., la. Pop. 420. 

Pleasant, t., Hancock co., O. It has 4 sch. 
98 scholars. Pop. 252. 

Pleasant, p-t., Switzerland co., la., 82 s. e. 
Indianapolis, 549 W. Pop. 1,662. 

Pleasant, t., Wabash co., la. Pop. 531. 

Pleasant Dale, p-o., Hardin co., 0.,68 n. w. 
Columbus, 439 W. 

Pleasant E.ychange, p-o., Henderson co., 
Tenn., 108 w. s. w. Nashville, 792 W. 

Pleasant Flat, p-o., Mason co., Va., 35S w. 
N. w. Richmond, 372 W. 

Pleasant Fountain, p-o., 3Ionroe co.,0., 139 
E. Columbus, 276 W. 

Pleasant Gap, p-o., Pittsylvania co., Va., 174 
w. s. w. Richmond, 261 W. 

Pleasant Gap, p-o.. Bates co.. Mo., 133 s. w. 
Jefferson City, 1,062 W. 

Pleasant Garden, p-o., Burke co., N. C, 222 
w. Raleigh, 452 W. 

Pleasant Grove, p-v., Washington t., Morris 
CO., N. J., 40 N. Trenton, 215 W. Situated on 
Schooley's Mountain. It contains a Presbyterian 
church, 1 store, and a number of dwellings. 

Pleasant Grove, p-o., Lancaster co.. Pa., 60 
E. by s. Harrisburg, 89 W. 

Pleasant Grove, p-o., Lunenburg co., Va., 88 
s. w. Richmond, 190 W. 

Pleasant Grove, p-o.. Orange co., N. C, 64 
N. w. Raleigh, 296 W. 

Pleasant Grove, p-o., Greenville dist., S. C, 
116 w. n. w. Columbia, 489 W. 

Pleasant Grove, p-o., Pickens co., Ala., 28 
W. Tuscaloosa, 846 W. 

Pleasant Grove, p-o., Maury co., Tenn., 66 
s. s. w. Nashville, 726 W. 

Pleasant Grove, p-o., Ohio co.. Ivy., 156 w. 
s. vv. Frankfort, 693 W. 

Pleasant Grove, p-o., Jefferson co., Iowa. 

Pleasant Grove, p-o., Washington co.. 111., 
126 s. by E. Springfield, 801 W. 

Pleasant Hill, p-o., Newcastle co., Del., 54 
N. Dover, 117 W. 

Pleasant Hill, p-o., Charles co., Md., 66 s. 
w. Annapolis, 26 W. 

Pleasant Hill, p-o., Smyth co., Va., 264 w. 
by s. Richmond, 302 W. 

Pleasant Hill, p-o., Miami co., O., 84 w. 
Columbus, 476 W. 

Pleasant Hill, p-o., Northampton co., N. C, 
101 N. e. Raleigh, 108 W. 

Pleasant Hill, p-o., Lancaster dist., S. C, 
61 N. n. e. Columbia, 445 W. 

Pleasant Hill, p-o., Talbot co., Ga., 92 w. s. 
w. Milledgeville, 714 W. 

Pleasant Hill, p-o., Dallas co., Ala., 106 s. 
by E. Tuscaloosa, 867 W. 

Pleasant Hill, p-o., Davidson co., Tenn., 7 
s. Nashville, 686 W. 



Pleasant Hill, p-o., Franklin co.. Ark., 133 
w. N. w. Little Rock, 1,198 W. 

Pleasant Hill, p-o., Montgomery co., la., 5S 
w. N. w. Indianapolis, 629 W. 

Pleasant Hill, p-o., Van Buren co.. Mo., 135 
w. Jefferson City, 1,061 W. 

Pleasant Hill, p-o., Pike co., 111., 83 w. s. 
w. Springfield, 863 W. 

Pleasant Island, p-o.. Independence co., 
Ark., 112 N. N. E. Little Rock, 1,014 W. 

Pleasant Lake, N. Y. Situated in Lake 
Pleasant t., Hamilton co., is 3 ms. long, and from 
1 to H wide, and affords fine fish. 

Pleasant Mills, p-o., Galloway t., Atlantic 
CO., N. J., 67 s. Trenton, 177 W. It contains 2 
stores, a cotton fac. 3,000 sp., a glass fac, and 
about 30 dwellings. 

Pleasant Mount, p-o., Wayne co.. Pa., 179 
N. E. Harrisburg, 273 W. 

Pleasant Park, p-o., Carroll co.. Mo., 112 n. 
w. Jefferson City, 1,000 W. 

Pleasant Plains, p-o., Clinton t., Dutchess 
CO., N. Y., 67 s. Albany, 312 W. 

Pleasant Plains, p-o., Marengo co., Ala., 86 
s. by w. Tuscaloosa, 898 W. 

Pleasant Plains, p-o., Scott co.. Mo., 240 s. 
E. Jefferson City, 880 W. 

Pleasant Prairie, p-o., Racine co.. Wis., 106 
E. s. e. Madison, 773 W. 

Pleasant Prairie, po., Greene co., Mo., 137 
s. s. w. Jefferson city, 1,052 W. 

Pleasant Ridge, p-o., Hamilton co., C, 112 
w. s. w. Columbus, 485 W. 

Pleasant Ridge, p-o., Clinton co., 111. 

Pleasant Ridge, p-o., Greene co., Ala., 42 s. 
w. Tuscaloosa, 860 W. 

Ple.\sant Ridge, p-o.. Bracken co., Ky., 66 
N. E. Frankfort, 496 W. 

Pleasant Shade, p-o.. Smith co., Tenn., 57 
E. by N. Nashville, 643 W. 

Pleasant Spring, p-o., Kemper co.. Miss., 105 
E. N. E. Jackson, 909 W. 

Pleasant Unity, p-v., Unity t., Westmore- 
land CO., Pa., 164 w. Harrisburg, 190 W. Situ- 
ated on the s. side of Big Sewickly cr., and con- 
tains 3 stores and about 25 dwellings. 

Ple.\sant Vale, p-v., Pike co.. 111., 90 w. s. 
w. Springfield, 873 W. 

Pleasant Valley, p-v., Litchfield co., Ct.,22 
w. Hartford, 346 W. 

Pleasant Valley, p-t., Dutchess co., N. Y., 
7 N. E. Poughkeepsie, 79 s.' Albany, 306 W. The 
surface is diversified ; soil, clay, sandy and grav- 
elly loam, and well cultivated. Drained by 
Wappinger's cr. Tlie v. is situated on the creek, 
and contains 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Meth- 
odist, and 1 Friends. There are in the t. 9 stores, 
cap. $19,400; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 cot- 
ton fac. 2,956 sp., 4 flouring ra., 4 grist m., 3 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $93,290. 5 sch. 202 schol- 
ars. Pop. 2,219. 

Pleasant Valley, p-v., Springfield t., Bucks 
CO., Pa., 103 E. Harrisburg, 182 W. 

Pleasant Valley, po., Livingston co., Mich 

Pleasant Valley, p-o., Fairfax co., Va., 131 
N. by E. Richmond, 31 W. 

Pleasant Valley, p-o., Lancaster dist., S. 
C, 94 N. N. E. Columbia, 412 W. 

Pleasant Valley, p-o., Murray co., Ga., 191 
N. w. Milledgeville, 599 W. 

Pleasant Valley, p-o., Washington co., Ala., 
156 s. s. w. Tuscaloosa, 963 W. 

Pleasant Valley, p-o., Wayne co., Tenn., 
119 s. w. Nashville, 796 W. 

Pleasant Valley, po., Jo-Da viess co., Ill 

Pleasant Valley, p-o., Scott co., Iowa. 

Pleasant View, p o., Shelby co., la. 



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Pleasant View, p-o., Darlington dist., S. C, 
95 E. N. E. Columbia, 467 W. 

Pleasant View, p-o., Greene co., Aik. 

Ple^santvii-le, p-v., Mount Pleasant t.,West- 
chester cc, N. Y., 122 s. Albany, 264 W. It con- 
tains 1 church, 2 stores, and about 15 dwelhngs. 

Pleasantville, p-v., Montgomery t., Mont- 
gomery CO., Pa., 105 E. Harrisburg, 163 W. 

Pleasantville, p-v., Rockingham co., N. C, 
112 N. w. Raleigh, 300 W. 

Pleasantville, p-v., Hickman co., Tenn., /3 
w. s. w. Nashville, 757 W. 

Pleasantville, p-v., Pleasant t., Fairfield co., 
O., 39 s. e. Columbus, 375 W. It contains 1 
store, 20 dwellings, and about 100 inhabitants. 

Pleasureville, p-v., Henry co., Ky., 19 N. 
w. Frankfort, 561 W. 

Plessis, p-v., Alexandria t., Jefferson co., N. 
Y., 189 N. \v. Albany, 441 W. It contains 1 
church, 1 store, 1 grist m., 1 saw ni., and 1 tannery. 

Plowden's Mills, p-o., Sumpter dist., S. C, 
66 E. s. E. Columbia, 502 W. 

Pluckemin, p-v., Bedminster t., Somerset co., 
N. J., 37 N. Trenton, 212 W. It contains 2 stores 
and about 30 dwellings. 

Plum, t., Venango co., Pa. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $5,000 ; 1 tannery, 2 distilleries, 5 grist m., 1 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,245. 5 sch. 144 
scholars. Pop. 1,174. 

Plumb, t., Alleghany co., Pa., 14 e. Pittsburgh. 
Bounded n. by "Alleghany r. The surface is 
hilly ; soil, loam. Watered by Plumb and Tur- 
tle creeks, and Thompson's run. It has 1 acad. 
40 students, 4 sch. 156 scholars. Pop. 1,953. 

Plumb Brook, p-o., Macomb co., Mich., 25 n. 
N. E. Detroit, 55U W. 

Plumb Creek, t., Armstrong co.. Pa. It has 
5 stores, cap. $15,000; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 
distilleries, 7 grist m., 11 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $11,085. 17 sch. 1,618 scholars. Pop. 2,216. 

Plu.mb Creek, p-o., Indiana co.. Pa., 172 w. 
N. w. Harrisburg, 225 W. 

Plum Creek, p-o., Morgan co., 111., 55 w. s. 
w. Springfield, 835 W. 

Plum Island, Southold t., Suffolk co., N. Y. 
Situated 1 mile e. of Oyster Pond point, on Long 
Island, from which it is separated by Plum Island 
Gut. It has a light-house on its w. end. It is 3 
ms. long and 1 wide. The surface is very stony, 
and it has no wood, excepting in a small pine 
swamp. 

Plumer, p-o., Venango co.. Pa., 223 w. n. w. 
Harrisburg, 297 W. 

Plu.mstead, p-t., Bucks co., Pa., 30 n. Phila- 
delphia, 106 e. Harrisburg, 168 W. The surface 
is liilly ; soil, sandy loam. Drained by Tohickon 
and JNeshaminy creeks. It has 8 stores, capital 
$13,900 ; 1 pottery, 2 grist m., 1 saw m., 2 oil m. 
Pop. 1,873. 

Plunkets Creek, t., Lycoming co., Pa. It 
has 1 grist ra., 13 sawm. Cap. in manufactures 
$5,200. 3 sch. 75 scholars. Pop. 277. 

Plymouth, county, Mass. Situated in the s. 
E. part of the state, and contains aboi t 600 sq. 
ms. It is bounded n. and e. by .'^lassachusetts 
bay. The soil generally is moderately produc- 
tive, but there is considerable ferule land. Wa- 
tered by INorth r. and branches of Taunton r. 
Iron ore abounds, and is extensively wrought. 
Cap., Plymoutli. There were in 1840, neat rattle 
14,663, sheep 12,293, swine 9,779 ; wheat 10,765 
bushels produced, rye 25,505, Ind. corn 125,999, 
barley 5,831, oats 39,100, potatoes 392,802 ; 9 
commercial houses m for. trade, cap. $235,500; 
230 stores, cap $403,650 ; 7 lumber yards, cap. 
$18,000. Cap. invested in fisheries, $775,950 



forges ; value of hardware, cutlery, &c., manu- 
factured, $1,079,603 ; 1 fulling m., 4 woollen fac, 
14 cotton fac. 47,994 sp., 14 tanneries, 7 rope fac, 
I pottery, 60 grist m., 103 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 
paper fac, 4 printing olHees, 4 weekly newspa- 
pers. Cap. in manufac $1,657,265. 12 acad. 699 
students, 258 sch. 11,541 scholars. Pop. 47,373. 

Plymouth, p-t., Penobscot co.. Me., 59 n. e. 
AugiLsta, 651 W. The soil is fertile, adapted to 
grain. Watered by a branch of Sebasticook r. 
Incorporated in 1826. It has 2 stores, cap. $600; 
1 tannery, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $6,6Y0. 6 sch. 370 scholars. Pop. 843. 

Plymouth, p-t., semi-capital of Grafton co., 
N. H., 40 N. Concord, 521 W. Tiie surface is 
chiefly uneven and mountainous ; soil, tolerably 
fertile, particularly .=o along the streams. Pe- 
migewasset r. runs on its e. border. Watered by 
Baker's r. The v. contains a court house. Con- 
gregational church, an academy, and a number 
of neat dwellings. It has 6 stores, cap. $2,000; 
3 tanneries, 3 potteries, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $7,479. 1 acad. 66 students, 12 sch. 
430 scholars. Pop. 1,281. 

Plymouth, pt., Wuidsor co., Vt., 73 s. Mont- 
pelier, 475 W. The surface is mountainous and 
broken ; soil, adapied to grazing. Drained by 
Black r., which affords water power, and branch- 
es of Queechee r. Limestone and steatite or 
soapstone are extensively found here. There 
are 2 considerable caves, which when first dis- 
covered contained numerous stalactites. The t. 
contains a Congregational, Methodist, and Christ- 
ian church. It has 2 stores, cap. $7,000 ; 1 tan- 
nery, 3 grist m., 13 saw m. Cap. in manufac 
$18,045. 16 sch. 477 scholars. Pop. 1,417. 

Plymouth, p-t., seaport and capital of Ply- 
mouth CO., Mass., 38 s. e. Boston, 447 W. The soil 
near the coast is generally good ; the rest is bar- 
ren, and still remains a forest, mostly pine, with 
some oak. The t. is of great extent, and contains 
a large number of ponds. The village is plea- 
santly situated and well built, chiefly of wood. It 
contains a court house, jail, 6 churches— 2 Con- 
gregational, 1 Unitarian, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, 
and 1 Universalist— 2 banks, an insurance co., 
and Pilgrim Hall. The harbor is spacious, but 
shallow, and about 45 vessels are employed in 
the cod and mackerel fisheries, and others are 
employed in the West India and European trade. 
This is the oldest t. in New England, and was 
settled on December 22d, 1620, by 101 emigrants, 
who lieu from religious persecution in England, 
first to Holland, and then to New England. The 
rock on which they landed was conveyed in 1774 
'o the centre of the t. Tiie anniversary of the 
landing is celebrated annually ; and for the ac- 
commodation of the Pilgrim Society, Pilgrim 
Hall, a neat building, has been erected. There 
are in the t. 46 stores, cap. $76,000 ; 5 commercial 
houses, cap. $133,000 ; 4 cotton fac. 40,004 sp., 
1 tannery, 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspa- 
pers, 4 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$265,400. 2 acad. 123 students, 41 sch. 1,378 
scholars. Pop. 5,281. 

Plymouth, p-t., Litchfield co., Ct.,23 w. Hart- 
ford, 339 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, gra- 
velly loam, adapted to grazing. Drained by 
Naugatuc r., vvhicli affords good water power. 
The v., at the centre, contains 1 Congregational 
and 1 Episcopal church, several stores and me- 
chanic shops, and about 30 dwellings. This t. 
is celebrated for its manufacture of clocks. 
There are in the t. 7 stores, cap. $32,000 ; 1 fulling 
m., 1 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 2,650 sp., 2 fur- 
naces, 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in 



salt' nro'duced, 14,940 bushels; 11 furnaces, 16imanuf. $81,4W>. 13 sch. 506 scholars. Pop. 2,205 



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540 



POI 



Plymouth, p-t., Chenango co., N. Y., 7 n. w. 
Norwich, I'iU w. Albany, 344 W. The surface 
is undulatinfr ; soil, a fertile argillaceous loam. 
Drained by Canasavvacta cr. It has 1 store, cap. 
fi2,i!)0!) ; 1 fulling m., 2 grist m., 8 siivv m. Cap. 
in manufac. $3,300. ly sch. 511 scholars. Pop. 
1,625. 

PLyMOUTH, p-t., Luzerne co.. Pa., 124 n. k. 
Harrisburg, 228 W. The surface is generally 
mountainous, but admits of cultivation. A part 
of it lies in the valley of Wyoming, and is very 
fertile. Drained by Harvey's and Toby's creeks. 
Coal is abundant. It has 5 stores, cap. $24,000 ; 
1 tannery, 5 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$16,150. 6 sell. 282 scholars. Pop. 1,765. 

Plymouth, t., Montgomery co.. Pa., 14 n. n. 
w. Philadelpliia. The surface is rolling; soil, 
calcareous loam. It abounds with liinc-stone and 
marble. It is inhabited chietly by Friends, who 
have a church near is e. bo\uidary, where are 
about 15 dwellings and a female boarding school. 
It has 3 stores, cap. $8,500 ; 1 grist m., i saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $67,425. 5 sch. 315 scholars. 
Pop. 1,417. 

Plymouth, p-v., capital of Washington co., N. 
C, 162 E. Raleigh, 2s6 W. Situated on the s. 
side of Roanoke r., 8 miles from its entrance into 
Albemarle sound. It contains a court house, 
jail, 1 church, and 778 inhabitants. 

Plymouth, t., Ashtabula co., O. It has 2 sch. 
78 scholars. Pop. 705. 

Plymouth, p-v., capital of Marshall co., la., 
115 N. Indianapolis, 6!J4 W. It contains a court 
house, jail, and a number of dwellings. 

Plymouth, p-v., Hancock co., 111., 92 w. n. w. 
Springfield, 870 W. 

Ply.mouth, p-t., Richland co., O., 77 n. n. e. 
Columbus, 389 W. Pop. 1,934. 

Plymouth, p-t., Wayne co., Mich., 25 s. w. 
Detroit, 529 W. Drained by head branches of 
west branch of Rouge r. The v. is situated on 
the w. branch of Rouge r., and contains a Pres- 
byterian church and 6 stores. The t. has 9 stores, 
cap. $24,000 ; 1 distillery, 1 pottery, 6 flouring m., 
5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $62,800. 12 sch. 
546 scholars. Pop. 2,163. 

PlYxMouth, p-v., Lowndes co.,Miss., 147 n. e. 
Jackson, 890 W. 

Plymouth Hollow, p-v., Plymouth t., Litch- 
field CO., Ct., 25 w. Hartford, 337 W. It con- 
tains 1 cotton fac, 2 clock fac, and a number of 
dwellings. 

Plymi'ton, p-t., Plymouth co., Mass., 41 s. e. 
Boston, 43J VV. 'Watered by a branch of Taun- 
ton r. Incorporated in 1707. It contains 1 Con- 
gregational and 1 Universalist church. It has 3 
stores, cap. $3,000 ; 1 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 
1,000 sp., 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. 
in manuf. $6i,30O. 7 sch. 226 scholars. Pop. 834. 

Poc.vhontas, county, Va. Situated a little n. 
w. of the centre of the state, and contains 710 sq. 
ms. The AUegliany mountains run on its s. e. 
border. Drained by Greenbrier r. The surface 
is elevated and very much broken; soil, sterile. 
Capital, Huntersville. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 6,731, sheep 10,256, swine 4,944; wheat 
17,846 bushels produced, rye 21,083, Indian corn 
41,389, buckwheat 4,63S, oat.s 50,111, potatoes 
21,040; 3 stores, cap. $12,500; 1 fulling m., 5 
tanneries, 8 distilleries, 22 grist m., 22 saw m., 1 oil 
m. Cap. in manufac. $28,451. 6 sch. 133 schol- 
ars. Pop. whites 2,684, slaves 219, free col'd 
19; total, 2,922. 

Poc.\hontas, p-v., capital of Randolph co., 
Ark., 152 N. N. e. Little Rock, 1,009 W. Situated 
on the ;<,-. side of Big Black r., and contains a 
court house, jail, and a few dwellings. 



PocAssET, p-v., Barnstable co., JMass., 63 s. e. 
Boston, 464 W. 

PocKE r, p-o., Moore co., N. C, 51 s. w. Ra- 
leigh, 339 W. 

PocoMOKE, bay and r., Md. The river rises 
in Cypress swamp, on the line hetw een Del. and 
Md., and proceeds in a southwesterly direction, 
about 70 miles, to Pocomoke bay, a branch of 
Chesapeake bay. The river is navigable for 
vessels to Snowhill. 

PocoNA , t., Monroe co., Pa. It has 1 store, 
cap. $2,500 ; 3 tanneries, 2 grist m., 12 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $23,000. 8 sch. Population 
973. 

PocoTALico, r , Va., Kanawha co., flows s. w. 
about 60 miles into the Great Kanawha river., 
about 40 miles from its mouth. It is navigable 
for boats, in high water, 20 or 3i) miles. Bitumi- 
nous coal and iron ore are found near its bor- 
ders. 

PocoTALico, p-o., Kanawha co., Va., 321 w. 
N. w. Richmond, 35S W. Situated on Pocotalico 
river. 

Pocotalico, p-v., Beaufort dist., S. C, 125 s. 
Columbia, 614 W. Situated on the s. w. side 
of Combahee r. 

Poe.stenkill, r., N. Y., rises in Rensselaer co., 
and flows w. into Hudson r., at Troy, and affords 
good water power. It has falls on the side of 
Mount Ida, Troy, where is a small manufac- 
turing v. 

PoESTENKiLL, p-v.. Sand Lake t., Rensselaer 
CO., N. Y., 13 E. Albany, 333 W. It contains 1 
Lutheran and 1 Dutch Reformed church, 2 stores, 
2 fac, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 20 dwellings, and 
about 100 inhabitants. 

PoiNDE.XTEii, p-o., Marion co., Ga. 

Poindexter's Store, p-o., Louisa co., Va., 
59 N. VV. Richmond, 13S W. 

Poinsett, county, Ark. Situated in the n. 
E. partof the state, and contains 1,350 sq. miles. 
The St. Francis r. bounds it on the e. Drained 
by a branch of St. Francis r., St. Francis Bayou, 
and Laguille r. Capital, Bolivar. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 3,681, sheep 344, swine 
3,749 ; w heat 2,385 bushels produced, Ind. corn 
37,623, potatoes 3,113, tobacco 1,870 pounds, cot- 
ton 22,729 ; 3 stores, cap. $2,000 ; 1 tannery, 2 
distilleries, 12 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $1,900. 

4 sch. 76 scholars. Pop wlutes 1,253, slaves 67; 
total, 1,320. 

Poinsett, p-o., Franklin co., Ga., 120 n. Mil- 
ledgeville, 594 W. 

Poinsett, p-o., Hamilton co., la. 

Point Co.mmercial, p-o., Greene co., la. 
Situated at the junction of Eel cr. and White r., 
and contains 1 store, 1 steam m., and a few 
dwellings. 

Point, t., Northumberland co., Pa. It has 2 
grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. hi manufac. $8,565. 3 
sch. 150 scholars. Pop. 746. 

Point Coupee, parish, La. Situated s. e. of 
the centre of the state, between the Mississippi 
on the N. E., and the Atchafalaya on the w. 
Drained by Perdouche Bayou. It has False r., 
probably a ibrmer bed of the Mississippi, in its E. 
part. The surface is level and low, and most of 
it liable to submersion. The soil, where capable 
of cultivation, is very fertile. Capital, Point 
Coupee. There were in 1840, neat cattle 6,983, 
sheep 5,211, swine 3,000; Ind. corn 93,500 bush, 
produced, poiatoes 3,985, cotton 6,294,726 pounds, 
sugar 41 1,000 ; 26 stores, cap. $145,000 ; 2 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $14,000. 1 college 51 students, 

5 sch. 83 scholars. Pop. whites 2,087, slaves 
5,430, free col'd 381 ; total, 7,898. 

Point Cqupee, p-v., capital of Point Coupee 



POL 



541 



roM 



par., La., 140 w. n. w. New Orleans, 1,171 VV. 
Situated on the s. side of the Mi.-vsissippi, opposite 
St. PVancisville, and contains a court house and 
jail. Here commences the levee or embank- 
ment along the r., which extends to New Orleans. 
Its inhabitants are chiefly ot' French descent. 

Point of Rocks, p-v., Frederick co., Md., 92 
N. w. Annapolis, 60 W. 

Poi.NT PKNi.N'stJL.i, p-c, Brownsville t., JefTer- 
son CO., N. Y. 

Point Pleas.wt, p-o., Monmouth co., N. J., 
53 E. Trenton, 21"J W. 

Poi.NT Pi.E.\sANT, p-v., Tinicum t, Bucks co.. 
Pa., 1 19 E. Harrisburg, 181 W. Situated on Del- 
aware r., and contains 1 store, and about 10 or 
12 dwellings. 

Point Ple.^lSANT, p-v., capital of Mason co., 
Va., 370 w. N. w. Richmond, 361 W. Situated 
on the E. side of Ohio r., at the mouth of Great 
Kanawha r. It contains a court house, jail, 50 
dwellings, and about 300 inhabitants. 

Poi.'>jT Pleasant, p-v., Monroe t., Clermont co., 
O , 120 s. w. Columbus, 495 W. Situated on the 
N. bank of Ohio r., and contains 2 stores, about 
30 dwellings, and 180 inhabitants. 

Point Ple.^sant, p-o., Tippecanoe co., la., 73 
N. w. Indianapolis, 631 W. 

Point Pleasant, p-o., Scott co., Iowa. 

Point Pleasant, p o., Wachita par., La., 33 
N. w. New Orleans, 1,220 W. 

Point Prairie, p-o., Franklin co., Ark., 130 
w. N. w. Little Rock, 1,195 W. 

Point Republic, p-o.. La Salle co.. 111., 116 
N. N. E. Sprmgfield, 790 W. 

Point Re.move, p-t., Conway co., Ark., 51 n. 
w. Little Rock, 1,116 W. Pop. 295. 

PoKAGON, t., Cass CO., Mich. It has 1 tan- 
nery, 1 grist m., 2 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. 
§4,400. 5 sch. 162 scholars. Pop. 516. 

Poke Run, p o., Westmoreland co.. Pa., 185 
w. Harrisburg, 210 W. 

Poland, p-t., Cumberland co.. Me., 51 s. w. 
Augusta, 574 W. Bounded n. by Little Andros- 
coggin r., issuing from a large pond on its w. 
border. Incorporated in 17;)5. The soil is fer- 
tile, adapted to grain. Its streams afTord water 
power. It contains a small v. of Shakers, who 
possess 600 acres of finely cultivated land. It 
has 5 stores, cap. $3,750 ; 1 lumber yard, cap. 
!$1,600 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 oil m. 
Cap. in manufac. $10,707. 24 sch. 1,052 scholars. 
Pop. 2,360. 

Poland, p-v., Russia t., Herkimer co., N. Y., 
89 N. w. Albany, 406 W. Situated on West 
Canada cr., and contains 1 store, 2 cotton fac, 1 
flouring m., 2 trip-hainmer works and edge tool 
fac, 30 dvvellings, and about 250 inhabitants. 

Poland, t., Chaulauque co., N. Y., 22 s. E. 
Mayville, 317 w. by s. Albany. The surface is 
hilly ; soil, sandy and gravelly loam. Drained 
by Connewango cr. and Chaulauque outlet. It 
has 2 stores, cap. iiij5,500; 7 tanneries, 1 grist ra., 
15 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $50,809. 10 sch. 
400 scholars. Pop. l,0-i7. 

Poland, p-t., Trumbull co., O., 73 n. e. Co- 
lumbus, 284 W. Drained by Mahoning r., which 
affords water power. Pop. 1,583. 

Poland Centre, po., Poland t., Chaulauque 
CO., N. Y. 

Polk, county, Tenn. Situated in the s. e. part 
of the state, and contains 330 sq. ms. Hiwassee 
r. runs on its n. boundary, by branches of wliich 
it is drained. The surface is mountainous. Capi- 
tal, Bentonville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
3,541, sheep 1,799, swine 10,899 ; wheat 8,710 
bush, produced, Ind. corn 220,224, oats 24,489, 
potatoes 5,362, tobacco 3,620 lbs., cotton 14,883, 



sugar 1,060 ; 7 stores, cap. $22,000 : I tannery, 4 
distilleries. 6 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $4,410. 2 sch. 3-i scholars. Pop. whites 
3,249, slaves 304, iree cnl'd 17 ; total, 3.570. 

Polk, county. iMo. Situated s. w. of the cen- 
tre of state, and contains 760 ^q. ms. Drained by 
Pomme de Terre, and Sac and Niangua rivers, 
which atTord water power. Capital, Bolivar. 
There were in 1810, neat cattle 11,402, sheep 
6,411, swine 30,515; wheat 12,143 bush, pro- 
duced, Ind. corn 3.>2,830, oats 19,042, potatoes 
17,902, tobacco 25,650 pounds, cotton 29,823; 
14 stores, cap. $42,080 ; 2 tanneries, 4 distilleries, 
10 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. .$13,540. 
5 sch. 93 scholars. Pop. whites 7,978, slaves 
462, free col'd 9; total. 8,449. 

Pollock'.s, p o., Randolph co., 111., 131 s. 
Springfield, 841 W. 

Pollopsville, p-v., Jones co., N. C. 

Poslky's Mills, p-o., Monongalia co., Va.,278 
N. w. Richmond, 211 W. 

Pomaria, p-o., Newberry dist., S. C, 26 w. n. 
w. Columbia, 507 W. 

Po.merov, p-v., Meigs co., O., 101 s. e. Colum- 
bus, 340 W. 

Pomfret, p-t., Windsor co., Vt., 49 s. Mont- 
pelier, 490 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, 
generally fertile. Queechee r. passes through 
its s. E., and White r. through its n. w. corner, 
by small branches of which it is drained. It has 
a Congregational, a Baptist, and a Methodist 
church. There are in the t. 2 stores, capital 
§35,000 ; 3 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 3 tanneries, 
1 saw m., 31 sch. 610 scholars. Population 
1,774. 

Pomfret, p-t., Windham co., Ct., 41 e. Hart- 
ford, 377 W. The surface is pleasantly diversi- 
fied ; soil, deep, strong, and fertile, adapted to 
grazing. Quinnebaug r. runs on its e. border, by 
branches of which it is drained. It contains 5 
churches — 2 Congregational, 1 Baptist, 1 Episco- 
pal, and 1 Friends. It has 7 stores, cap. §29,300; 

3 cotton fac. 3,550 sp., 2 tanneries, 5 grist m., 9 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $113,575. 1 acad. 35 
students, 11 sch. 49S scholars. Pop. 1,^^68. 

Po.mfret Landing, p-o., Pomfret t., Windham 
CO., Ct., 43 E. Hartlbrd, 376 W. 

Po.mfret, t., Chaulauque co., N. Y., 12 n. e. 
3Iayville, 315 w. Albany. Lake Erie Ijounds it 
on the n. The surface is hilly ; soil, a fertile ar- 
gillaceous, gravelly, and sandy loam. Drained 
by Cassadaga cr., flowing s. into Alleghany r., 
and small streams flowing n. into Lake Erie. It 
contains Dunkirk v., where the New York and 
Erie railroad is to terminate. It contains also 
Van Buren harbor. There are in the t. 5 com- 
mission houses, cap. $5,000 ; 28 stores, capital 
995,000 ; 4 fulling ni., 1 woollen fac, 5 tanneries, 
1 distillery, 1 paper fac, 2 printing offices, 2 
weekly newspapers, 1 periodical, 1 ilouring m., 

4 grist m., 15 saw m., 1 oil ni. Cap. in manufac. 
$152,251. 1 acad. 250 students, 27 sch. 1,411 
scholars. Pop. 4,566. 

Po.M.ME de Terre, r., Mo., rises in Greene co. 
and flows .\. into Osage r. 

Po.v.ME DE Terre, p-o., .Tasper co., 3Io., 172 s. 
w. JefTerson City, 1,121 W. 

Po.MONKEV, p-o., Charles co., Md., 67 s. w. 
Annapolis, 27 W. 

Po.MPEV, p-t., Onondaga co., N. Y., 14 s. E. 
Syracuse, 125 w. by n. Albany, 337 W. The 
surface is hilly ; soil, a fertile sandy and clay 
loam. Draiiied by Limestone cr. and Toughnio- 
ga r. It has 10 stores, cap. $54,000 ; 2 fulling m., 
1 tannery, 1 flouring m., 3 grist m., 5 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $43,150. 1 acad. 127 students, 
28 sch. 1,350 scholars. Pop. 4,371. 



POO 



542 



POP 



PoMPEY Centre, po., Pompey t., Onondaga 
CO., N. v., 113 w. by n. Albany, 3l7 W. 

Pompey Hill, v., Pompey t., Onondaga co., 
N. Y. It is on elevated ground, and contains 2 
churches, an academy, 5 stores, 75 dwellings, 
and about 450 inhabitants. 

PoMPTON', r., N. J., is formed by the junction 
of Pequannock, lUngwood, and Ramapo rivers, 
and dividing Passaic from Morris county, it (lows 
8 ms. into the Passaic. The Morris canal crosses 
it, 2 ms. above its mouth, in a wooden aqueduct, 
23G feet long, on 9 stone piers. 

PoMPTOX, p-v., Peqnannoc t., Morris co., N. J., 
84 N. e. Trenton, "iSJ W. It contains a Dutch 
Reformed church, a store, 4 grist m., a furnace, 
and about 25 dwellings. 

PoMFTON, t., Passaic co., N. J., 23 \. w. Hack- 
ensack. The surface is hilly and mountainous ; 
soil, clay and loam. Drained by Ringwood r. It 
has several ponds. Iron ore is found. The v. 
contains a Dutch Reformed church, 3 stores, an 
academy, and about 35 dwellings. There are in 
the t. 2 stores, cap. §3,000 ; 1 furnace, 8 forges, 3 
grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $11,255. 5 
sch. 186 scholars. Pop. 1,437. 

Pond Creeiv, p-o., 3Ionroe co., Tenn., 166 e. 
s. e. Nashville, 53D W. 

PoN'DsviLLE, p o., Moriah t., Essex co., N. Y., 
107 .\. Albany, 482 W. 

Po\DTOW.\', p-o., Sumpter co., Ga., 102 s. w. 
Milledgeville, 758 \V. 

Po.\TCH.\RTR.\t.v, lake. La., 40 ms. long and 
25 ms. broad — communicates with Lake 3Iaure- 
pas on the w., with Lake Borgne, through the 
Rigolets, on the e., and with Xew Orleans, on 
the s., through St. John's bayou and a canal. It 
is 16 or 18 feet deep in its deepest parts, but near 
the shore not more than 9 feet. It receives sev- 
eral considerable rivers on its \. side, the largest 
of which are Tangipaha and Tchefuncte. 

Pontotoc, county. Miss. Situated toward the 
N. E. part of the state, and contains 900 sq. ms. 
Drained by Tallahatchee r. and its branches, and 
by branches of the w. fork of Tombigbee r. Cap- 
ital, Pontotoc. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
6,203, sheep 9^2, swine 12,365; wheat S,7S3 busli 
produced, Ind. corn 167,845, oats 8,140, potatoes 
4,130, cotton 145,953; 7 stores, cap. 823,900 ; 2 
tanneries, 10 grist m., 7 saw m., 1 printing office, 
1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $23,646. 
1 acad. 30 students, 3 sch. 86 scholars. Pop. whites 
2,895, slaves 1,593, free col'd 3; total 4,491. 

Pontotoc, p-v., capital of Pontotoc co.. Miss., 
175 N. N. e. Jackson, 8HS W. It contains a court 
house, jail, a United States land office, and about 
500 inhabitants. 

P0NTI.4.C, p-t., capital of Oakland co., Mich., 
25 N. w. Detroit, 54y W. The v. is situated on 
Clinton r. It contains a court house, jail, a branch 
of the University, a Congregational church, a 
bank, 13 stores, 2 flouring m., 2 saw m., 1 fulling 
m., 1 iron foundry, 2 printing offices, each issuing 
a weekly newspaper, and about 1,000 inhabitants. 
A railroad connects it with Detroit. The t. has 
IS stores, cap. $51,200; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen 
fac, 1 furnace, 9 sch. 456 scholars. Population 
1,904. 

PoNTiAC, p-v., capital of Livingston co., 111., 
110 N. N. E. Springfield, 737 W. It contains a 
court house, jail, and several dwellings. 

PooLviLLE, p-v., Hamilton t., 3Iadison co., N. 
Y., 95 w. by n. Albany, 355 W. It contains 2 
churches, 3 stores, 1 woollen fac, 1 grist m., 1 
leather fac, 30 dwellings, and about 250 inhabi- 
tants. 

PocLsviLLE, p-v., Montgomery co., Md., 73 w. 
N. w. Annapolis, 33 W. 



Pooi.sviLLE, p-v., Spartanburg dist., S. C, 107 
n. w. Columbia, 4S0 W. 

PooLsviLLE, p v., De Kalb co., Ga., 91 n. w 
Milledgeville, 6-!6 W. _ 

PooLsvii>LE, p-v., Warren co., la., 83 w. N. \v. 
Indianapolis, 641 W. 

Pope, county. 111. Situated in the s. e. part 
of the state, and contains 576 sq. ms. Ohio r. 
runs on its e. and s. border. Drained by Big Bay, 
Lusk's, Great Pierre, and Rock creeks. Tlie sur- 
face is level ; soil, sandy hiam, and fertile. Cap- 
ital, Golconda. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
5,936, sheep 5,350, swine 6,041 ; wheat 1,246 
bush, produced, Ind. corn 36,908, oats 6,980, po- 
tatoes 1,444, tobacco 15,700 pounds ; 6 stores, cap. 
§50,000 ; 2 tanneries, 10 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $3,200. 21 sch. 468 scholars. Pop. 
4,094. 

Pope, county. Ark. Situated toward the n. w. 
part of the state, and contains 720 sq. ms. Ar- 
kansas r. runs on its s. border. Drained by small 
streams flowing into the Arkansas r. It has a 
range of highlands on its n. border. Capital, 
Dover. There were in 1840, neat cattle 6,143, 
sheep 1,178, swine 10,356; wheat 3,418 bush, 
produced, Ind. corn 121,874, oats 2,730, potatoes 
7,102, tobacco 13.576 pounds, cotton 82,344; 6 
stores, cap. $16,450 ; 3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 2 
grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $14,650. 4 
sch. 78 scholars. Pop. whites 2,626, slaves 2,115, 
free col'd 9 ; total, 2,850. 

Pope Creek, p-o., fiercer co., 111., 140 n. n. 
w. Spriiigtield, 870 VV. 

PorL.\R, po., Crawford co., O., 75 n. Colum- 
bus, 419 W. 

PoPL.\R Br.\nch, p-o., Currituck co.,iS\ C.,242 
E. N. E. Raleigh, 290 W. 

Poplar C.\mp, po., Franklin co., Va., 171 w. 
by s. Richmond, 246 W. 

Poplar Creek, po., Roane co., Tenn., 155 E. 
by s. Nashville, 534 W. 

Poplar Flat, p-o., Lewis co., Ky., 97 e. n. e. 
Frankfort, 476 W. 

Poplar Grove, p-o., Newberry dist. S. C, 53 
w. .\. w. Columbia, 491 W. 

Poplar Grove, p-o., Iredell co., N. C, 154 w. 
Raleigh, 391 W. 

Poplar Grove, p-o., Sussex co., Va., 61 s. s. e. 
Richmond, 180 W. 

Poplar Grove, p-o., Blount co., Ala., 124 n. 
E. Tuscaloosa, 719 W. 

Poplar Grove, p-o.. Owen co., Ky., 42 N. 
Frankfort, 537 W. 

Poplar Grove, p-o., Gibson co., Tenn., 144 
w. Nashville, 827 W. 

Poplar Hell, p-o., Giles co., Va., 234 w. by 
s. Richmond, 294 W. 

Poplar Hill, p-o., Anson co., N. C, 151 s. w. 
Raleigh, 420 W. 

Poplar Mount, p-o., Greenville co., Va., 63 
s. Richmond, 182 W. Situated on the s. side of 
Nottaway r. 

Poplar Plains, p-v., Fleming co., Ky., 96 e. 
by N. Frankfort, 493 W. It contains 1 Methodist 
church, and about 300 inhabitants. 

Poplar Ridge, p-o., Venice t., Cayuga co., N. 
Y., 168 w. Albany, 324 W. 

Poplar Springs, p-o., Anne Arundel co., Md., 
57 N. w. Annapolis, 62 W. 

Poplar Springs, p-o., Fairfield dist., S. C, 35 
N. Columbia, 472 W. 

Poplar Valley, p-o., Chambers co., Ala., 164 
E. by s. Tuscaloosa, 778 W. 

Poplln, pt., Rockingham co., N. H., 29 s. E. 
Concord, 477 W. The siu-face is gently uneven ; 
soil, generally fertile. Drained by Exeter r. In- 
corporated in 1764. It has 1 store, cap. $1,000; 



POR 



543 



POR 



2 grist m., 3 saw m. 4 sch. 135 scholars. Pop. 
429. 

PoauETANocK, p-v., Pre.ston t., New London 
CO., Ct.. 43 s. E. Harlford, :)61 W. Situated at 
the head of a cove, 2 ms. from Tliame.s r. It ha.s 
1 Episcopal church, over the line, in Ledyard, 4 
.stores, and about 35 dwellings. Ship limber is 
exported. Sloops come, at high water, within 
half a m. of the v. The inhabitants are e.xlen- 
sively engaged in seafaring bu.sines.s. 

PoauoNOCK, p-v., Windsor t., Hartford co., Ct., 
10 N. Hartford, 3iG W. Situated on the s. side 
of Farmington r., and contains a Baptist church, 
several manufactories and dwellings. 

PoRpoLsE, cape, York co., Me., forms the harbor 
of Kennebunlc. 

Portage, r., O., rises in the s. w. corner of 
Wood CO., and enters Lake Erie at Port Clinton. 
It affords good water power, and drains the Black 
swamp, an unhealthy region, but which, if suita- 
bly drained, which is said to be easy, would make 
a very fertile country. 

Portage, county, O. Situated in the n. E. 
part of the state, and contains 590 sq. ms. Drain- 
ed by Portage r., and branches of iMahoning r. 
The surface is gently uneven ; soil, fertile, adap- 
ted to grain and to grazing. The Pennsylvania 
and Ohio canal pas.ses through the co. Capital, 
Ravenna. There were in 1840, neat cattle 21,'J22, 
sheep 28,894, swine 8,550; wheat 112,144 bush, 
produced, rye 9,497, Ind. corn 113,370, buckwheat 
6,301, oats 119,624, potatoes 1 12,743, sugar 258,038 
pounds ; 3S stores, cap. $113,229; 1 fulling m., 1 
woollen fac, 11 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 1 pottery, 
9 grist m., 41 saw m., 2 printing offices, 1 weekly 
newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $90,009. 2 acad. 
101 students, 143 sch. 5,077 scholars. Pop. 22,965. 

Portage, county. Wis. Situated in the n. 
part of the ten, and is very extensive and mostly 
unsurveyed. It is level in the s., mountainous in 
the N. Watered by Wisconsin r. and its branches. 
Capital, Fort Winnebago. There were in 1810, 
neat cattle 372, swine 127; wheat 1,815 bush, 
produced, Ind. corn 293, oats 1,018, potatoes 
5,539 ; 9 stores, cap. $57,550 ; 14 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $92,500. 1 sch. 19 scholars. Pop. 
1,623. 

Portage, t., Alleghany co., N. Y., 18 n. An- 
gelica, 247 w. by s. Albany. The surface is 
elevated and rolling ; soil, fertile, particularly on 
Genesee r., which flov^s through it. It contains 
Genesee Falls, where the r. in the distance of 2 
ms. descends 300 feet, creating an immense wa- 
ter power. The Genesee Valley canal passes 
through it. It has 18 stores, cap. .'540,800 ; 2 ful- 
ling m., 3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 flouring m., 3 
grist m., 18 saw m. Cap. in manufac. .$47,375. 
17 sch. 1,071 scholars. Pop. 4,721. 

Portage, t., Ottawa co., O. Pop. 347. 

Portage, p-t.. Wood co., O., Ill n. n. w. Co- 
lumbus, 467 W. Situated on the s. side of Mau- 
mee r. Drained by Portage r. The v. is situa- 
ted on the N. bank of Portage r., which affords 
water power. It was laid out in 1836, and con- 
tains 2 stores, various mechanic shops, and a 
number of dwellings. The t., contains 199 in- 
habitants. 

Portage, t., Hancock co., O. It has 1 grist 
m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,500. 6 sch. 
227 scholars. Pop. 676. 

Portage, t.. Summit co., O. The surface is 
imeven ; soil, fertile, adapted to grain. It con- 
tains a former portage between Cuyahoga and 
Tuscarawas rivers, which passed through this t., 
and Coventry s. of it. Akron v., the capital of 
the CO., lies in its s. e. part. Pop. 718. (For sta- 
tistics, see AlvTon.) 



Portage, p-v., St. Joseph co., la. Drained 
by St. Joseph's r. The v. is situated on the w. 
side of St. .Joseph's r. 

Portage, p-t., Kalamazoo co., Mich., 147 w. by 
s. Detroit, 611 W. It has 1 grist m., 1 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. i}il,5J0. 5 sch. 118 scholars. 
Pop. 446. 

Portage des Siou.x. p-v., St. Charles co.. Mo., 
122 e. n. e. Jefferson City, 831 W. Situated on 
w. side of the Mississippi r. 5 ms. below the 
mouth of Illinois r. It contains from 3 to 400 in- 
habitants, chielly French. 

Portagevili.e, p-v.. Portage t., Alleghany 
CO., N. Y., 262 w. by s. Albany, 357 W. Situa- 
ted on the w. side of Genesee r., on the line of 
the Genesee Valley canal, and contains 5 
churches — 1 Presbyterian, 2 Baptist, 1 Metho- 
dist, and 1 Universalist^lO stores, 1 grist m.. 5 
saw m., 2 sash fac, 1 tannery, 1 clothier's works 
100 dwellings, and about 700 inhabitants. The 
canal here crosses the r. in an aqueduct. The 
falls and scenery in the vicinity, are in a high 
degree picturesque. 

Port Alleghany, p-v., McKean co., Pa., 192 
N. N. w. Ilarrisburg, 275 W. Situated on the s. 
w. side of Alleghany r. 

Port Bvron, p-v., Mentz t., Cayuga co., N. 
Y^., 153 w. by n. Albany, 311 W. Situated 
on the Erie canal. Incorporated in 1837, and 
contains 3 churches, 10 stores, 1 flouring m., with 
12 run of stones, 4 saw m., 1 clothier's works, 2 
tanneries, 150 dwellings, and about 1,000 in- 
habitants. 

Port Byron, p-v.. Rock Island co.. 111., 160 n. 
N. w. Springfield, 890 W. Situated on the e. side 
of Mississippi r. 

Port Carson', p-v.. Branch t., Schuylkill co., 
Pa., 65 N. E. HarrLsburg, 175 W. It has been 
created by the coal trade. In 1829, it contained 
a single house surrounded by forest. In 1830, 
it contained 100 dwellings, and 912 inhabitants. 
It is situated at the junction of Mill or. with 
Schuylkill r., at the head of canal navigation, and 
though its growth has been less rapid than at 
first, it is still a place of much business. 

Port Chester, p-v.. Rye t., Westchester co., 
N. Y., 136 s. Albany, 255 W. Situated on the 
w. side of Byram r. Incorporated in 1833, and 
contains 1 Presbyterian, and 1 Methodist church, 
2 boarding schools, 1 for boys, and 1 for young 
ladies, 20 stores, 1 dyewood m., 1 iron foundry, 
1 hat fac, 2 carriage fac, 100 dwellings, and 
about 800 inhabitants. Six sloops and schooners 
are owned here, and a steamboat plies daily to 
New Y'ork. 

Port Clinton, p-v., Brunswick t., Schuyl- 
kill CO., Pa., 69 N. E. Harrisburg, 167 W. Situ- 
atetl at the confluence of Little Schuylkill with 
Schuylkill r., above the Water Gap, in Blue 
mountain. A railroad extends 23 ms. to Tusca- 
rora and Mauch Chunk mountain coal-fields, and 
the Schuylkill canal passes through the place. 
It therefore shares largely in the coal tnide. 

Port Clinton, p-v., capital of Ottawa co., O. 
120 \. Columbus, 428 W. Situated on the s. 
side of Portage r., at its mouth. Laid out in 1827, 
with spacious streets, crossing each other at right 
angles. It has a good harbor, with a light-house 
at its entrance. It contains a court house, jail, 
several stores, 1 steam saw m. and grist m., va- 
rious mechanic shops, 50 dwellings, and about 
300 inhabitants. 

Port Colden, p-v., Warren co., N. J., 50 n. 
N. w. Trenton, 209 W. 

Port Conway, p-v.. King Georges co., Va., 
84 N. N. E. Richmond, 78 W. 

Port Crame, pc, Broome co N. Y 



POR 



544 



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Port Deposit, p-v., Cecil co., Md., 6S n. e. 
Annapolis, 78 W. Situated on the e. side of 
Susquehanna r., at the lower falls, 5 ms. above 
Havre de Grace, at the mouth of the r. 

Port Elizabeth, p-v., Maurice River t., Cum- 
berland CO., N. J., 73 s. s. w. Trenton, 18-1 W. 
Situated on Manamuskin cr. near its entrance 
into Maurice r., 14 ms. from Delaware bay. It 
contains a Baptist church, an academy, 4 stores, 
1 glass fac, 4 grist m., 3 saw m. in the vicinity, 
and 100 dwellings. Vessels of 120 tons come to 
the place, and wood and lumber are extensively 
exported. 

Porter, county, la. Situated in the n. w. 
part of the state, and contains 41.5 sq. ms. Lake 
Michigan bounds it on the n. The land on the 
lake is elevated and barren ; but level and more 
fertile s. Drained by Calumic r. and Coffee 
and Salt creeks. On Kankakee r., which runs 
on its s. border, the land is marshy. Capital, 
"Valparaiso. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
3,002, sheep 1,188, swine 7,220; wheat 30,712 
bush, produced, Ind. corn 60,444, buckwheat 
1,740, oats 53,312, potatoes 17,673, sugar 16,406; 
4 stores, cap. $4,500 ; 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 7 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $21,600. 8 sch. 182 
scholars. Pop. 2,162. 

Porter, p-t., Oxford co.. Me., 86 s. w. Au- 
gusta, 543 W. Ossipee r. bounds it on the s., 
and N. H. on the w. Incorporated in 1807. It 
is the s. w. town in the co. It has 1 tannery, 3 
grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $100. 7 
sch. 483 scholars. Pop. 1,133. 

Porter, t., Niagara co., N. Y., 16 n. w. Lock- 
port, 7 N. Lewiston, 300 w. Albany. The sur- 
face is level ; soil, sandy and argillaceous loam. 
Drained by Tuscarora cr., flowing into Lake 
Ontario, which bounds it on the n. Niagara r. 
bounds it on the w. In the extreme n. vv. part 
of the t., at the mouth of the r., stands old Fort 
Niagara, and directly opposite, on the Canada 
side, stands Fort George. It contains Youngstown 
V. Fort Niagara was taken by the British in 
Dec. 1813, and delivered up in 3Iarch, 1815. It 
has 11 stores, cap. $41,015 ; 1 tannery, 1 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $2,495. 1 acad. 22 students, 
8 sch. 481 scholars. Pop. 2,177. 

Porter, t., Delaware co., O. Watered by 
Walnut cr. It has 4 sch. 66 scholars. Pop. 
678. 

Porter, t., Scioto co., O. It has 4 sch. 132 
scholars. Pop. 1,015. 

Porter, t., Jefferson co., Pa. It has 1 store, 
cap. $3,000 ; 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,000. 
Pop. 977. 

Porter, t., Cass co., Mich. It has 2 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $4,152. 1 sch. 40 scholars. 
Pop. 556. 

PoRTERFiELD, p-o., Venango co., Pa., 206 w. 
N. w. Harrisburg, 278 W. 

Porter Ridge, p-o., Susquehanna co., Pa. 

Porter's, p-o., Carroll co., Md., 53 n. n. w. 
Annapolis, 63 W. 

Porter's Corners, p-o., Greenfield t., Sara- 
toga CO., N. Y., 43 N. N. w. Albany, 413 VV. 

Porter's Ferry, p-o., Early co., Ga., 221 s. 
w. Milledgeville, 808 W. 

Porter's Swamp, p-o., Columbus co., N. C, 
117 s. Raleigh, 405 W. 

PoRTERsviLLE, p-v., Montvillc t., New Lon- 
don CO., Ct., 55 s. e. Hartford, 361 W. 

PoRTERsviLLE, p-v., Muddy Creek t., Butler 
CO., Pa., 218 w. N. w. Harrisburg, 260 W. It 
contains a store, and about 12 dwellings. 

PORTERSVILLE, p-v„ Tipton CO., Tenn., 214 
w. s. w. Nashville, 894 W. 

PORTERSVILLE, p-v., Dubois CO., la., 124 s. s. 



w Indianapolis, 654 W. Situated on the s. bank 
of the E. fork of White r. It was formerly the 
capital of the co. 

Port Girson, p-v., Manchester t., Ontario co., 
N. Y., 189 w. Albany, 337 W. Situated on the 
Erie canal, and contains 1 church, 4 stores, 1 
warehouse, 1 distillery, 25 dwellings, and about 
200 inhabitants. 

Port Girso.v, p-v., capital of Claiborne co., 
Miss., 45 N. Natchez, 72 s. w. Jackson, 1,082 
W. Situated on Pierre Bayou, 30 ms. above its 
entrance into 3Iississippi r. 

Port Glasgow, p-o., Huron t., Wayne co., 
N. Y., 186 w. N. w. Albany, 366 W. 

Port Henry, p-v., 3Ioriaii t., Essex Co., N. 
Y., 118 N. Albany, 489 W. Situated on the w. 
side of Lake Champlain, and has a good steam- 
boat landing. It contains 1 church, 1 female 
seminary, 3 stores, 35 dwellings, and about 250 
inhabitants. An iron company, incorporated in 
1840, have 2 blast furnaces, cupola furnace, and 
1 machine shop. Excellent iron ore is found 
abundantly in the vicinity. 

Port Homer, p-v., Jefferson co., O. 

Port Hudson, p-v., E. Feliciana par.. La., 
146 N. w. New Orleans, 1,080 W. 

Port Huron, p-t., St. Clair co., Mich., 59 n. 
E. Detroit, 583 \V. The v. is situated at the con- 
fluence of Black r. and St. Clair r., 2 miles from 
Lake Huron, and contains 12 stores, 1 steam saw 
m., a steam flouring m., 1 tannery, a printing 
office, which issues a weekly newspaper Its 
business is considerable, particularly in lumber. 
There are in the t. 4 sch. 75 scholars. Pop. 1,113. 

Port Jackson, p-v., Florida t., Montgomery 
CO., N. v., 33 w. N. w. Albany, 400 W. Situated 
on the s. side of Mohawk r., on the Erie canal, 
and contains 1 church, 5 stores, 40 dwellings, and 
about 250 inhabitants. 

Port Jefferson, p-v., Brookhaven t., Suffolk 
CO., N. v., 202 s. s. E. Albany, 282 W. Situated 
at the head of Drowned Meadow harbor, and 
contains 50 dwellings and about 300 inhabitants, 
employed chiefly in ship building and navigation. 

Port Jervis, p-v., Deerpark t., Orange co., N. 
Y., 117 s. s. vv. Albany, 264 W. Situated on the 
N. E. side of Delaware r., on the Delaware and 
Hudson canal. It contains 2 churches, 4 stores, 
1 grist m., 30 dwellings, and about 250 inhabit- 
ants. 

Port Kendall, p-o., Kendall t., Orleans co., 
N. Y. 

Port Kent, p-v., Chesterfield t., Essex co., N. 
Y., 12 s. Plattsburg, 151 n. by e. Albany, 526 
W. Situated on the w. side of Lake Champlain, 
ana contains 1 church, 3 stores, 2 warehouses, 30 
dwellings, and about 250 inhabitants. A steam 
ferry-boat runs between this place and Burling- 
ton, Vt. 

Portland, city, port of entry, and capital of 
Cumberland co.. Me., is situated on a peninsula 
at the western extremity of Casco bay, and is in 
43° 39' N. lat., and 7° 20' w. Ion., from Green- 
wich, and 6° 45' e. from Washington. It is 54 
ms. N. N. E. from PortsiBouth, 50 s. s. E. Augusta, 
U'J N. N. E. from Boston, 545 n. e. from W. The 
population in 1800 was 3,677; in 1810, 7,169 ; in 
1820, 11,.581 ; in 1830, 12,601 ; in 1840, 15,218. 
Engaged in commerce, 397 ; in manufactures 
and trades, 1,032; navigating the ocean, 726; 
in the learned professions, &c., 101. It extends 
3 miles from east to west, and has an average 
width of three fourths of a mile. The city pre- 
sents a beautiful appearance from the sea, as it 
rises like an amphitheatre between two liills. It 
is regularly laid out, and liandsomely built, and 
has some fine public buildings, among which are 



POR 



545 



POR 



a court house, a spacious city hall, a jail, and 16 
churches. ]t has also a custom house, 6 banks, 
a theatre, and an atheneum, containing a library 
of about 4,000 volumes. It has a light-house on 
a point at tlie entrance of the harbor, called Port- 
land Head, which is of stone, 7:1 ieet high, built 
in 1790. On an eminence, on which Fort Sum- 
ner formerly stood, there is an observatory, 70 
feet liigli, which commands a fine view of the 
harbor and its islands. The harbor, which is 
among the best in the United Slates, is ea.sy of 
entrance, spacious, and safe, being protected by 
islands at its entrance irom the violence of storms. 
It is rarely obstructed much by ice. It is de- 
fended on opposite sides of the .'hip channel by 
forts Preble and Scammel, on islands a mile and 
a half from tlie light-house. It is well situated 
for trade, having an extensive back country. 
There were in 1840, 40 commercial and 8 com- 
mission houses, with a cap. of ^5653,500 ; 256 retail 
stores, with a cap. of $574,450 ; 2 lumber yards, 
cap. $4,000; fisheries, caj). $11,300; machinery 
produced, $3,000; 1 furnace, cap. $5,000; 2 tan- 
neries, cap. $9,000 ; 2 potteries, cap. $4,000 ; 2 
ropevvalks, cap. $18,000 ; 9 printing ofiices, 5 
binderies, 2 daily, 7 weekly, 3 semi-weekly news- 
papers, and 3 periodicals, employed 94 persons, 
and a cap. of $34,500. Total capital in manufac. 
$215,350. 11 acad. and gram. sch. 1,118 students, 
32 com. sch. 1,976 scholars. The tonnage of this 
city in 1840 was 56,135, and that of the coasting 
trade about 20,000 tons. The principal articles 
of export are lumber and fish, with beef, butter, 
&c. The facilities of communication which this 
city enjoys have been considerably increased by 
the Oxford canal, which extends from it 20 miles 
to Sebago pond ; and, by a lock in Songo river, 
is extended into Brady and Long ponds, 30 miles 
further. The trade of the city is chiefly with 
the West Indies and Europe, and its coasting 
trade primarily, though not exclusively, with 
Boston. With lite latter place it is connected by 
a railroad. Portland was formerly a part of Fal- 
mouth, and 130 houses, constituting two thirds of 
the village, were laid in ashes by the British, in 
October, 1775. It was incorporated with its 
present name in 178G, and received a city char- 
ter m 1832. 

Portland, p-t., Middlesex co., Ct., 15 s. Hart- 
ford, 327 W. Recently taken from the n. part 
of Chatham. Connecticut r. bounds it on the w. 

Portland, p-t., Chautauque co., JN. Y., 7 s. 
Maysville, 332 w. by s. Albany, 352 W. Lake 
Erie bounds it on the n. The surface is hilly ; soil, 
argillaceous and sandy loam. Its streams, which 
are small, flow into Lake Erie. It has a good 
harbor. It has 2 stores, cap. $9,500 ; 1 fulling 
m., 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 2 grist m., 12 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $21,282. 14 sell. 7IG scholars. 
Pop. 2,136. 

Portland, p-v., Dallas co., Ala., 94 s. s. e. 
Tuscaloosa, 869 W. Situated on s. side of Ala- 
bama r. 

Portland, t., Erie co., O. Situated on the s. 
shore of Sandusky bay, and contains Sandusky 
City. It has 18 stores, cap. $40,50.); 6 commis- 
sion houses, cap. $35,000: 1 printing office, 1 
binder^', 1 weekly newspaper, 1 flouring m. Cap. 
in manufac. $7,000. 4 sch. 200 scholars. Pop. 
1,433. 

Portland, p-t., Ionia co., Mich. 123 w. n. w; 
Detroit, 617 W. It has 2 stores, cap. $3,800; 1 
grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,200. 2 
sch. 75 scholars. Pop. 511. 

Portland, p-v., Jefferson co., Ky., 52 w. 
Frankfort, 598 W. Situated on Oliio r., immedi- 
ately below Louisville. 

60 



Portland, p-v.. Fountain co., la., 74 w. n. w. 
Indianapolis, 645 W. Situated on Wabash r. It 
contains 1 church, 5 stores, various mechanic 
shops, and about 200 inhabitants. 

Portland, p-v., Whiiesides co., 111., 177 n. by 
w. Springfield, 860 W. 

Portland, p-v.. Van Buren co., Iowa. 

Portland, p-v., Callaway co.. Mo., 31 e. n. e. 
Jefferson City, 915 W. 

Portland Mills, p-o., Putnam co., la., 51 w. 
Indianapolis, 623 W. 

Port Leon, p-v., Leon co., Flor., 22 s. Talla- 
hassee. Situated on the e. side of Wakulla r. 
It contains 150 buildings, principally warehouses. 

Port Mahon, p-v., Huntington co., la., 114 N. 
N. E. Indianapolis, 562 W. 

Port Ontario, p-v., port of entry, Kirkland 
t., Oswego CO., N. Y., 170 w. n. w. Albany, 392 
VV. Situated on Salmon r., at its entrance into 
the E. end of Lake Ontario. It contains 1 church, 
1 store, 3 forwarding houses, 40 dwellings, and 
about 300 inhabitants. It has a good harbor, 
protected by a pier, built by the government of 
the U. S. 

Port Penn, p-v., Newcastle co., Del., 39 n. 
Dover, 134 W. Situated on the vv. side of Dela- 
ware r., opposite to Reedy island. 

Port IvEruBLic, p-v., Atlantic co., N. J., 81 s. 
Trenton, 191 W. 

Port Republic, p-v., Calvert co., Md., 51 s. 
by w. Annapolis, 81 W. 

Port Republic, p-v., Rockingham co., Va., 
121 N. w. Richmond, 140 W. 

Port Royal, p-v., Juniata co., Pa., 46 w. Ilar- 
risburg, 134 W. 

Port Roval, p-v., Henry co., Ky. 

Port Royal, p-v., Montgomery co., Term., 43 
N. w. Nashville, 725 W. 

Port Royal, p-v., Caroline co., Va., 84 n. Rich- 
mond, 78 W. It contains a church and 50 dwell'srs. 

Port Sheldon, p-v., Ottow-a co., Mich., 200 
w. N. w. Detroit, 681 W. Situated on Lake 
Michigan, at the mouth of Pigeon cr. 

PoitTSMPUTH, p-t,, and port of entry in Rock- 
ingham CO., in N. H., is situated in 43° 5' n. lat., 
and 70° 45' w. Ion., from Greenwich, and 6° 23' 
E. Ion. from Washington. It is 14 miles e. n. e. 
from Exeter, 24 n. from Newburyport, 45 e. s. e. 
from Concord, 54 .s. .s. w. from Portland, 54 n. 
from Boston, and 493 from W. The population 
in 1810 was 6,934 ; in 1820, 7,327 ; in 1830, 8,082 ; 
in 1840, 7,8-:>7. It is the largest town and the 
only seaport in the state, situated on a peninsula 
on the s. side of the Piscataqua r., 3 ms. from the 
ocean. The situation is pleasant and healthy, 
the land rising gradually from the harbor. It is 
well built, and many of the houses are elegant. 
It has a fine harbor, with 40 feet of viater in the 
channel at low tide, and is protected by its isl- 
ands and headlands from storms. The Piscata- 
qua, opposite the t., is from one half to three 
fourths of a mile wide; and the tide, which here 
rises 10 feet, flow's with so rapid a current as to 
keep the harbor free from ice. The main chan- 
nel is on the e. side of Great island, or Newcas- 
tle, and is defended by Fort Constitution, on 
Great island, and Fort 3Tc(-'lary, in Kittei-y, op- 
posite. There are also Fort Sullivan and Fort 
Washington on two other islands, which are not 
garrisoned in time of peace. There is also an 
entrance on the s. side of Great island, called 
Little Harbor, but the water is shallow. I'here 
is a light-house on Great island. This island 
contains 453 acres, and constitutes the t. of New- 
castle, and it is connected to Portsmouth by a 
bridge, erected in 1821. Portsmouth is also con- 
nected to Kittery by 2 bridges, one of which is 



POR 



546 



POS 



1,750, and the other 480 feet in length. On Na- ] 
vy island, which is on the e. side of the r., and 
within the bounds of Maine, though it is owned 
by the general government, is a navy yard be- 
longing to the United States, which has every 
convenience for the construction of vessels of 
the largest class. Good water is brought into the 
tovTO, and distributed through the streets, from 
the distance of 3 miles, by a company, formed 
in 1799. Portsmouth contains much wealth, and 
has considerable trade, though its back country 
is somewhat limited. Much of the trade of the 
state tlovvs to Portland, and more, probably, 
through the Merrimac river and JMiddlesex canal 
to Boston. This will furnish a reason why the 
population has diminished during the last 10 
years. Among the public buildings are 8 church- 
es, 7 banking houses, a court house, 2 market 
houses, an academy, an atheneum, an alms- 
house, and the state limatic hospital. Tlie Epis- 
copal church is a spacious and elegant brick edi- 
fice, from the cupola of which there is a fine view 
of the town, the river, tiie islands, and the sur- 
rounding country. The Atheneum, a very flour- 
ishing institution, was incorporated in 1817, and 
has a library of more than 5,(J00 volumes, besides 
cabinets of minerals and of natural history. 

Ship building and other manufactures are car- 
ried on to a considerable extent. The cod and 
other fisheries are actively prosecuted, and Ports- 
mouth has considerable foreign and coasting 
trade. The tonnage of the port in 1840 was 
27,375. There were in 1840, 18 foreign commer- 
cial and 6 commission houses, vsith a capital of 
$1,251,500; 137 retail stores, with a capital of 
$278,500; 6 lumber yards, cap. $11,000; fisher- 
ies, cap. $10,600; 4 furnaces, cap. $46,000; 1 
woollen factory, cap. $30,000 ; 5 tanneries, cap. 
$15,700 ; 2 distillerie.s, cap. $5,000 ; 2 flouring 
m., 2 grist m., I saw m., total cap. $15,000; 1 
ropewalk, cap. $6,000 ; 3 priming offices, 3 bind- 
eries, 2 weekly newspapers, employed 18 per- 
sons, and a cap. of $9,100. Total cap. in manu- 
fac. $187,101. 3 acad. 188 students, 16 common 
sch. with 2,222 scholars. 

This town was first settled in 1623, and was 
incorporated by charter in 1633. It suffered less 
than most other places from the attacks of the 
savages in early times. Surrounded on three 
iiides by water, the neck which connects it with 
the main land was defended by a stockaded 
fence, by means of which savage aggression was 
easily resisted. This place has been at different 
times severely visited by fires. In December, 
1802, 102 bui' lings were burned ; in December, 
1806, 14 builduigs, including St. John's Episco- 
pal church, were destroyed ; in December, 1813, 
a more desolating fire swept over 15 acres, de- 
stroying 397 buildings, of which 100 v^-ere dwell- 
ing houses. The parts which were burned in 
these fires have generally been rebuilt with 
brick, in an improved form. 

Portsmouth, p-t., Newport co., R. I., 7 n. w. 
Newport, 21 s. E. Provideiicef 417 W., occupy- 
ing the N. part of the island of Rhode Island. 
The surface is moderately elevated ; soil, a fer- 
tile gravelly and argillaceous loam, adapted to 
grass and to grain, and well cultivated. Being 
surrounded by water on 3 sides, it enjoys great 
facihties for navigation, and its fisheries are val- 
uable. Its vessels are chiefly employed in the 
coasting trade. It contains 2 churches. Coal 
and plumbago are found. Several adjoining isl- 
ands are attached to tliis t., the largest of which 
is Prudence, 6 miles long and three fourths of a 
mile wide, the soil of which is excellent. Ports- 
mouth is connected with Tiverton by a bridge, 



and with Bristol by a ferry. There are in the t. 
4 stores, cap. $15,500 ; 2 lumber yards, cap. 
$3,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen lac, 5 grist m. 
Cap. in manufac. $11,925. 

Portsmouth, p-v., port of entry, with Norfolk, 
and capital of Norfolk co., Va., 105 e. s. e. Rich- 
mond, 213 W. Situated on the w. side of Eliza- 
beth r., at its mouth, opposite to Norfolk, 1 mile 
distant, and has one of the best harbors in the U. 
States. Ships of the largest class come to its 
wharves. It contains a court house, jail, 5 
churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, 
1 Methodist, and 1 Roman Catholic — a branch of 
the Bank of Virginia, a masonic hall, a theatre, a 
military academy, 50 stores, and 6,500 inhabit- 
ants. A United States navy yard, dry-dock, and 
naval hospital, are located at Gosport, a suburb 
of Portsmouth. By means of the Portsmouth and 
Roanoke railroad, and the Wilmington railroad, 
a daily line of communication is formed with 
Charleston. 

Portsmouth, p-v., capital of Scioto co., O., 90 
s. Columbus, 424 W. Situated on the e. bank 
of Scioto r., at its entrance into Ohio r., and at 
the termination of the Ohio canal. It contains a 
court house, market house, jail, 3 or 4 churches, 
a bank, a steam saw m. and grist m., 1 flouring 
m., 1 rolling and slitting m., 1 nail fac, 1 iron 
foundry, 1 carding machine, a printing office, 25 
or 30 stores, 7 commission warehouses, numer- 
ous mechanic shops, 200 dwelUngs, and about 
1,500 inhabitants. As a place of business, its sit- 
uation is commanding. Iron ore, mineral coal, 
and fine building stone, are found abundantly in 
the vicinity. 

Ports.moutii, p-v., Carteret co., N. C. Situ- 
ated on the N. end of Core bank, near Ocracoke 
inlet. Chiefly inhabited by fishermen and pilots. 
Port Tobacco, p-v., capital of Charles co., 
Md., 72 s. w. Annapolis, 32 W. Situated at the 
head of a bay which sets up from Potomac r 
into which a small r. empties. It contains a cour; 
house, jail, a church, several stores, 120 dwell- 
ings, and about 600 inhabitants. 

Portville, p-t., Cattaraugus co., N. Y., 24 is 
Ellicottville, 296 Albany. The surface is broken ; 
soil, sandy loam. Drained by Alleghany r. and 
its branches. It has 1 store, cap. $4,000 ; 1 grist 
m., 1 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $18,100. 5 sch. 
13 > scholars. Pop. 462. 

Port Washington, p-v., Salem t., Tuscara- 
was CO., O., 99 E. N. E. Columbus, 318 W. Pleas- 
antly situated on the Ohio canal, adjoining tiie 
Tuscarawas r. It contains 2 or 3 stores, 4 ware- 
houses, various mechanic shops, 30 dwellings, 
and about 200 inhabitants. A fine bridge here 
crosses the Tuscarawas r. 
Port William, p-o., Franklin co., iMo. 
Po.sEv, county, la. Situated in the s. w. cor- 
ner of the slate, and contains 450 .sq. ms. Ohio 
r. runs on its .s. border, and Wabash r. on its w 
border. Drained by Big and Flat creeks. The 
surface is undulating ; soil, fertile. Capital, Mount 
Vernon. There were in 1840, neat cattle 9,973, 
sheep 9,521, swine 35,818; wheat 55,103 bushels 
produced, rye 1,8:2L Indian corn 607,799, barley 
l,50i), oats 66,157, potatoes 7,81] ; 23 stores, cap 
$253,500 ; 4 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 7 flouring m., 
10 grist m., 9 saw m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly 
newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $99,030. 10 sch. 
300 scholars. Pop. 9,6S3. 

Posey, t.. Clay co., la. It has 5 stores, capital 
$4,*^50 ; 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. 
in rnaAufac. $4,2U0. 2 sch. 68 scholars. Pop. 1,201. 
Posey, t., Harrison co., la. It has 3 flouring 
m., 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 academy 90 students 
Pop. 1,374. 



POT 



547 



POT 



Posey, t., Fayette co., la. It has 2 schools 46 
scholars. Pop. 1,113. 

Posey, t., Ru.sh co., la. It has 2 sell. 50 scholars. 
Pop. 735. 

Po.sEY, t., Washington co., Ta. It has 8 stores, 
cap. $8,000 ; 1 flouring m., 1 grist m. 1 saw m., 4 
sch. 90 scholars. Pop. 1,591. 

PosEV, t., Switzerland co., la. It has 145 
scholars in schools. Pop. 2,103. 

Post Mills Village, pv.. Orange co., Vt., 
33 s. by E. Montpclier, .503 W. 

Post Oak SmiNcs, p-o., Roane co., Tenn., 
136 E. by s. Nashville, 545 W. 

PosT.s Corners, p-o., Soiiiliport t.. Chemung 
CO., N. Y., 201 w. s. w. Albany, 277 W. 

PosTSViLLE, p-v., .lefferson co., Va. 

PosTviLLE, p-v., Russia t., Herkimer co., N. 
Y., 98 .\'. w. Albany, 413 VV. It contains 1 store, 

2 saw m., 1 tannery, and about 20 dwellintrs. 
PosTviLi.E, p-v., capital of Logan co.. 111., 3D 

N. E. Springfield. Situated on the n. side of Salt 
or., a branch of Sangamon r., and contains a court 
house, 3 stores, and several dwellings. 

PoTEAU, r., ArU., rises in Scott co., and run- 
ning N., chiefly in the Indian ter., enters Arkan- 
sas r. at Fort Smith. 

PoTECusE, p-o., Northampton co., N. C, 155 
N. E. Raleigh, 224 W. 

Potomac, r., IMd. and Va., rises in 2 branches, 
the s. and the s , in and near the Alleghany moun- 
tains, and forms, through nearly its whole course, 
the boundary between Virginia and Maryland. 
It is 550 miles long, and enters Chesapeake bay 
between Point Lookout and Smith's point, by a 
mouth 10 miles wide. At Alexandria it is 1 mile 
and a quarter wide, 290 miles from the ocean. 
It is navigable for ships of the line to the navy- 
yard in Washington, 3 )0 miles from the sea, and 

3 miles below the iiead of tide viatcr. Above 
this it is obstructed by numerous falls and rapids. 
Little falls are 3 miles above Washington, with 
a descent of 37 feet, around which is a canal, 2i 
miles long with 3 locks. Great falls are 8i miles 
above this, and descend perpendicularly 76 feet, 
around which is a canal of 5 locks. Six miles 
above are Seneca falls, with a descent of 10 feet. 
Shenandoah falls, 60 miles above, are at the pas- 
sage of the river through the Blue Ridge. Houre's 
falls are 5 miles above. Canals have been con- 
structed around all these falls. From the mouth 
of Savage river, which enters the Potomac at 
Westport, to Cumberland, 31 miles, the fall is 
445 feet; from Cumberland to the Shenandoah 
falls, 130 miles, the fall is 490 feet ; at the She- 
nandoah the fall is 43 feet in 5i miles ; from the 
Shenandoah to (ireat falls, 40 miles, 39 feet ; 
and thence to tidewater 12 miles, 143 feet. The 
whole descent from the mouth of Savage river to 
tidewater, 219 miles, is 1,160 feet. The princi- 
pal places on the e. side of the river are George- 
town, Washington, Port Tobacco, and Leonard 
Town ; on the w. side, Harpers Ferry and Alex- 
andria. Its principal tributary is the Shenandoah, 
200 miles long, and navigable 100 mile.s, which 
enters it on the s. side from Virginia, immediately 
before its passage through the Blue Ridge. This 
passage is a great curio.sity. Of it Mr. Jefferson 
says, " the passage of the Potomac through the 
Blue Ridge is, perhaps, one of the most stupen- 
dous scenes in nature. You stand on a very 
high point of land. On your right conies up the 
Shenandoah, having ranged along the foot of the 
mountain a hundred miles to seek a vent. On 
your left approaches the Pot<iinac, in quest of a 
passage also. In the moment of their junction, 
they rush together against the mountain, rend it 
asunder" (referring to a possible event of former 



times) " and pass off to the sea." His whole 
description is sublime and beautiful, of a scene, 
which he pronounces " worth a voyage across 
the Atlantic" to behold. The Potomac is 42 feet 
deep at its mouth, 30 at St. George's island, and 
18 feet at Swan's point, and thence to Alexandria. 

PoTON Valley, p o., Scott co.. Ark., 138 w. 
by N. Little Rock, 1,203 W. 

PoTOSi, p-v., capital of Washington co.. Mo., 
Ill E. s. E. Jefferson City, 879 W. Situated in 
the centre of one of the richest mineral regions 
in the United States, abounding with lead, iron, 
and copper ores. It contains a court house, jail, 
an academy, 4 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Bap- 
tist, 1 Methodist, and 1 Roman Catholic — and 
about 500 inhabitants. 

PoTOsi, p-v., Grant co.. Wis. 

Potsdam, p-t., St. Lawrence co., N. Y., 212 n. 
N. w. Albany, 496 W. The surface is undulating ; 
soil, sandy loam, and very productive. Watered 
by Racket and Grass rivers. The v. is situated 
on Racket r., at the falls, and contains 4 churches, 
St. Lawrence academy with 2 four-story edifices, 
10 stores, 1 satinet fac, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 2 
clothiers' works, 1 oil m., 2 machine shops, 1 
pocket furnace, 1 trip-hammer works and forge, 
120 dwellings, and about 800 inhabitants. There 
are in the t. 12 stores, cap. §31,000; 1 fulling m., 
1 woollen fac, 1 furnace, 3 tanneries, 4 grist m., 
5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. (r>63,955. 1 acad. 
230 students, 36 sch. 1,363 scholars. Pop. 4,473. 

Potter, county. Pa. Situated in the n. part 
of the state, and contains 1,110 sq. ms. Drained 
by head branches of Alleghany r., Tioga r., and 
Genesee r., and of the w. branch of the Susque- 
hanna r., and Pine, Kettle, Sinnemahoning, and 
Driftwood creeks. The surlace is elevated ; soil, 
loam. Coal and iron are found. Much of the 
CO. is unsettled. Capital, Coudersport. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 3,315, sheep 4,960, swine 
2,330; wheat 11,410 bush, produced, rye 2,363, 
Ind. corn 6,091, buckwheat 3,818, oats 24,759, po- 
tatoes 60,571, sugar 103,199 pounds; 6 stores, 
cap. $11,700; 1 tannery, 1 printing office, 1 
weekly newspaper, 8 grist m., 30 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $150,480. 23 sch. 476 scholars. 
Pop. 3,371. 

Potter, p-t., Yates co., N. Y., 201 w. Albany, 
326 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, gravelly 
loam, and fertile. Drained by Flint cr. It has 7 
stores, cap. $18,300; 2 fulling m., 1 furnace, 1 
tannery, 2 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$25,37.5. 14 sch. 830 scholars. Pop. 2,245. 

Potter, t.. Centre co.. Pa., 10 s. e. Bellefonte, 
71 N. w. Harrisburg, 170 W. The surface is 
mountainous ; soil, calcareous loam. It has 2 
stores, cap. $8,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 
1 tannery, 1 distillery, 5 grist m., 8 sawm. Cap. 
in manufac. $41,000. 8 sch. 240 scholars. Pop. 
1,787. 

Potter's Hollow, v., Renssclaerville t., Al- 
bany CO , N. Y. It contains 1 Friends church, 2 
stores, 20 dwellings, and about 125 inhabitants. 

Potter's IMills, p-v.. Potter t.. Centre co., 
Pa., 73 N. w. Harrisburg, 165 W. 

Pottersville, p-o., Chester t, Warren co., 
N. Y., 87 N. by w. Albany, 462 W. 

Pottersville, p-v., on the line of Reading- 
ton and Tewksbury ts., Hunterdon co., N. J., 48 
N. N. w. Trenton, 222 W. It contains a store 
and a few dwellings. 

Pottersville, p-o., Columbiana co., O., 143 
E. N. E. Columbus, 299 W. 

Pottiesville, p-v., Louisa co., Va., 47 n. n. 
w. Richmond, 89 W. 

Potts Grove, t., Montgomery co.. Pa. Schuyl- 
kill r. bounds it on the s. The surface is hilly ; 



POU 



548 



POW 



soil, red shale. Watered by Manatawny cr. and 
Sprogel's run. It has 1 store, cap. $5,000 ; 2 fur- 
naces, 2 forges, 1 tannery, 1 flouring m., 5 grist 
m., 3 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $10,400. 
Pop. 1,361. 

PoTTSTowN, p b.. Potts Grove t., Montgomery 
CO., Pa., 37 i\. Philadelphia, 71 e. liarrisburg, 164 
W. Situated near Schuylkill r., at the junction 
of Manatawny cr. It is built chiefly on one street, 
and tiie houses, of stone, brick, and wood, are 
neatly built. It contains 2 churches and about 
100 dwellings. The Schuylkill canal passes 
through the place. It has 3 stores, cap. $30,000 ; 
I tannery, 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 
1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 1 saw in., 1 oil m. Cap. 
in manufac. $12,000. 2 acad. 45 students, 1 sell. 
Pop. 721. 

PoTTSviLLE, p-b., Norwegian t., Schuylkill 
CO., Pa., 99 N. w. Philadelphia, 62 e. liarrisburg, 
172 W. Situated at the termination of the Schuyl- 
kill canal. It contains 2 churches, 1 of which is 
an Episcopal, a bank, 33 stores, cap. $136,900; 
1 furnace, 2 tanneries, 3 breweries, 3 printing 
offices, 3 weekly newspapers, 1 flouring m. Cap. 
in manufac. $141,400. 1 acad. 40 students, 8 
sch. 170 scholars. Pop. 4,345. In 1824 there 
were but 5 houses on the spot. Mount Carbon, 
a suburb and port of the place, contains about 30 
dwellings, several large warehouses, and a fine 
range of stores, 3 stories high. The immense 
coal trade has given to this place its rapid growth. 

PoTTSviLLE, p-o., Washington co., Iowa. 

PouGHKEEPSiE, p-t.. Capital of Dutchess Co., 
N. Y., 71 s. Albany, 2'j9 W. The surface is un- 
dulating, and in some places rough; soil, sand, 
clay, and loam, underlaid by limestone. Drained 
by Wappinger's and Fall creeks. The v. is sit- 
uated on the E. side of Hudson r. Incorporated 
in 1801, and contains a court house, jail, a colle- 
giate school with a fine edifice, Dutchess acade- 
my, 2 female seminaries, a lyceum, 2 markets, 3 
banking houses, besides a savings institution, a 
county poorhouse, 13 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 
1 Congregational, 2 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, 2 Meth- 
odist, 1 Dutch Reformed, 2 Friends, 1 Universa- 
list, 1 Roman Catholic, and 1 African — SO stores 
of different kinds, 2 breweries, 2 carpet fac, 3 
flouring m., 3 plaster fac, 2 saw m., 2 soap and 
candle fac, 2 pin fac, 2 gun fac, 3 iron found- 
ries, 2 potteries, 3 machine shops, 9 carriage and 
wagon fac, 3 printing offices, and numerous other 
mechanical and manufacturing establishments, 
1,000 dwellings, and about 7,500 inhabitants. It 
is one of the most pleasant and wealthy villages 
on Hudson r. The convention met here in 17S8, 
which adopted the constitution of the U. States. 
There are in the t. 54 stores, cap. $197,000; cap. 
employed in the fisheries $134,050; 8 lumber 
yards, cap. $160,500; 3 cotton fac. 4,08S sp., 2 
tanneries, 1 brewery, 2 potteries, 4 flouring m., 2 
grist m., 1 saw m., 3 printing offices, 2 periodi- 
cals, and 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manu- 
fac. ,$458,100. 2 acad. 290 students, 14 sch. 
1,077 scholars. Pop. 10,006. 

PouGHKEEPSiE, p-v., Allen CO., la., 126 n. n. 
E. Indianapolis, 534 W. 

PouGHQUAG, p-o., Boekmau t., Dutchess co., 
N. Y. 

Pounding Br.\nch, p-o., Montgomery co., N. C. 

PouLTNEY, r., Vt., ri.ses in Tinmouth" and flows 
w. into East bay, in Lake Chainplain. It affords 
good water power. It is about 25 ms. long, and 
for a httle distance forms the bomidarv between 
Vt. and N. Y. 

PouLTNEV, t., Rutland co., Vt., 60 s. w. Mont- 
pelier, 46 n. Bennington. The surface is diver- 
eified ; soil, warm and fertile. Watered by 



Poultney r. The v., near the centre, contains 2 
churches — 1 Congregational and 1 Baptist— sev- 
eral stores, a female academy, and about 50 
dwellings. There is another v. in the w. part 
of the t. which contains a Methodist churcii, a 
store, and a number of handsome dwellings. 
There are in the t. 5 stores, cap. $20,000 ; 1 full- 
ing m., 1 woollen fac, 3 iurnaces, 3 tanneries, 5 
.saw m. Cap. in manufac $22,830. 1 acad. 112 
students, 15 sch. 64S scholars. Pop. 1,878. 

PouiN'DuiDGE, p-t., Westchester co., N. Y., 15 
.M. E. White Plahis, 121 s. Albany, 274 W. Tlie 
surface is hilly and stony ; soil, gravelly loam. 
Drained by Mechanus cr., which affords water 
power. The v. contains 3 churches, 2 stores, 
and 15 or 20 dwellings. There are in the t. 6 
stores, cap. $8,300 ; 1 fulling m., 2 grist m., 4 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $7,325. 9 sch. 441 scho- 
lars. Pop. 1,407. 

Poverty IIill, p-o., Edgefield dist., S. C, 87 
w. by s. Columbia, 581 W. 

Pow.^sHECK, p-o., Muscatine co., Iowa. 

Powder Springs, p-o., Cobb co., Ga., 112 n 
w. xMilledgeville, 690 W. 

PowELs, r., Va., rises in Powels mountain, Va., 
and passing into Tennessee, unites with Clinch r., 
38 N. v.. Knoxville. It is navigable for boats for 
nearly 100 ms. 

Powells Mountain, p-o., Lee co., Va., 378 
w. by s. Richmond, 446 W. 

Powell's Point, p-o., Currituck co., N. C, 
257 E. N. E. Raleigh, 305 W. 

Powell's Tavern, po., Goochland co., Va., 
14 w. N. w. Richmond, 131 W. 

PowELLTON, p-o., Brunswick co., Va., 91 s. s. 
w. Richmond, 207 W. 

PowELLTON, p-v., Richmond co., N. C, 118 s. 
w. Raleigh, 392 W. 

PowELLTON. p-v., Hancock co., Ga., 36 n. e. 
Milledgeville, 625 W. Situated on Great Ogee- 
chee r., and contains 2 churches — 1 Baptist and 
1 Methodist — 2 academies, 3 stores, and about 
26 dwellings. 

PowERviLLE, p-v., Pequannock t., Morris co., 
N. J., 10 N. E. Morristown, 64 n. Trenton, 235 
W. It contains 2 stores, 1 forge, 1 grist m., 1 
savt' m., and about 15 dwellings. 

PowERViLLE, p-v., Bracken co., Ky., 61 n. e. 
Frankfort, 489 W. 

Powhatan, county, Va. Situated near the 
centre of the state, and contains 300 sq. miles. 
James r. runs on its n. border, and Appomattox 
river on is s. border. Capital, Scottsville. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 4,759, sheep 6,594, swine 
9,160 ; wheat 53,935 bush, prod., Ind. corn 188,810, 
oats 138,273, potatoes 6,737, tobacco 1,849,750 lbs.; 
13 stores, cap. $28,000 ; 2 tanneries, 10 distille- 
ries, 7 flouring m., 16 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $13,500. 5 acad. 125 students, 4 sch. 
94 scholars. Pop. vihites 2,432, slaves 5,129, 
free coi'd 363; total, 7,924. 

Powhatan Point, p-o.. Mead t., Belmont co., 
O., 13S E. Columbus, 275 W. 

Pownal, p-t, Cumberland co.. Me., 18 N. E. 
Portland, 42 s. w. Augusta, 563 W. Incorpo- 
rated in 1803. It is a small t., irregular in its 
form. It has 5 stores, cap. $1,800 ; 1 tannery, 2 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,245. Pop. 1,210. 

Pownal, p-t., Bennington co., Vt., 126 s. by 
w. Montpelier, 398 W. The surface is hilly and 
broken ; soil, fertile, adapted to grazing. Drained 
by Hoosic r., which affords water power. Char- 
tered in 1760. A small v. at the centre contains 
a Baptist church. It has 2 stores, cap. $5,000; 
1 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac, 2 grist m., 5 saw m 
Cap. in manufac. $11,300. 10 sch. 349 scholars 
Pop. 1,613. 



PRA 



549 



PRE 



Powow, r., N. H., rises in Kingston and falls 
into JMerrimac r., between Salisbury and Ames- 
bury, Mass., where, by a fall of 100 feet in 50 
rods, it afTords extensive water power. 

Prairie, t., Franklin co., O. The surface is 
mostly level, with a considerable prairie near its 
centre. Watered by Darby or. The national 
road passes through it. Organized in 1819. Pop. 
60(5. 

Prairie, t, Arkansas co., Ark. Pop. 142. 

Prairie, t.. Holmes co., O. It has 3 flouring 
m. Cap. in manufac. §6,500. Pop. 1,249. 

Prairie, t., Audrain co., 3Io. Pop. 221. 

Prairie, t., Howard co., 111. It has 1 sch. 33 
scholars. Pop. 1,863. 

Prairie, t., Carroll co., Ark. It has 1 store, 
cap. $1,700 ; 2 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 399. 

Prairie, t., Washington co.. Ark. It has 2 
tanneries, 3 distilleries. Cap. in manufac. $4,275. 
4 sch. 93 scholars. Pop. 2,182. 

Prairie, t., Franklin co., Ark. It has 1 sch. 
18 scholars. Pop. 500. 

Prairie, t., Madison co., Ark. It has 1 dis- 
tillery. Pop. 400. 

Prairie, t., Montgomery co., Mo. It has 1 
sch. 20 scholars. Pop. 775. 

Prairie Bluff, p-o., Wilcox co., Ala., 85 s. 
Tuscaloosa, 877 W. 

Prairie Creek, p-o., Vigo co., la., 83 w. s. w. 
Indianapolis, 659 W. 

Prairie de Long, p-o., Monroe co.. El., 116 s. 
by w. Springfield, 826 W. The creek from 
which it is named flows into Kaskaskia r. 

Prairie du Chie.\,p-v., capital of Crawford 
county. Wis., 125 w. Madison, 937 W. Situated 
on the e. bank of iMis&issippi r., 3 miles above the 
mouth of Wisconsin r., 300 miles below the 
Falls of St. Anthony, and 600 above St. Louis. 
Tlie prairie is 10 ms. long and 3 wide. The v. 
contains a court house, jail, 3 churches — 1 Metho- 
dist. 1 Presbyterian, and 1 Roman Catholic — an 
academy, 9 stores, 150 dwellings, and 1,5U0 in- 
habitants. Numerous mounds of all shapes and 
.sizes are to be found in the vicinity. The richest 
copper mines, and large masses of pure copper, 
are found here. Fort Crawford, a United States 
military post, is situated immediately s. of the 
village. 

Prairie du Sac, p-v., capital of Sauk co.. 
Wis. Situated on the n. side of Wisconshi r. 

Prairie du Rocher, p-v., Randolph co.. 111., 
14 N. w. Kaskaskia, 137 s. by w. Springfield, 
848 W. It is an old French settlement, on the 
E. side of the Mississippi r., on the American bot- 
tom, which contained 14 families in 1766, and 
now contains about 35. It has a Roman Catho- 
lic church, and the inhabitants retain much of 
their original habits and manners. 

Prairie Hill, p-o , Lowndes co., Ala., 121 s. 
s. e. Tuscaloosa, 8f54 W. 

Prairie la Porte, p-v., capital of Clayton 
CO., Iowa. Situated on the w. side of Mississippi 
r., on an elevated bank, a few ms. above the 
mouth of Turkey cr. 

Prairie Point, p-o., Noxubee co., Miss., 137 
N. N. E. Jackson, 873 W. 

Prairie River, p-o.. Branch co., Mich., 122 
s. s. w. Detroit, 575 W. The river which gives 
name to it is 40 or 50 miles long, and flows into 
St. Joseph r. 

Prairie Ronde, t., Kalamazoo co., Mich. It 
has 1 tannery, 1 saw ni. Cap. in manufac. 
$1,400. 4 sch. 94 scholars. Pop. 623. 

Prairxeton, p-v., Prairie t., Vigo co., la., 80 
w. s. w. Indianapolis, 651 W. Situated on the 
s. side of Prairie cr., which flows into Wabash 
river. 



Prairieton, p-v., Lawrence co., 111., 147 s. K. 
Springfield, 709 W. 

Prairie Village, p-v., Milwaukee co.. Wis., 
65 E. Madison, 820 W. Situated on the w. side 
of a head branch of Fox r. 

Prairieville, t., JMilvvaukee co.. Wis. It 
has 2 stores, cap. $2,400 ; 2 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 
sch. 13 scholars. Pop. 450. 

Prairieville, p-v., Clinton co., la., 52 n. n. 
w. Indianapolis, 610 W. 

Prairieville, p-v., Randolph co., 111., 126 s. 
Springfield, 835 W. 

Prallsville, p-v., Amvvell t., Hunterdon co., 
N. J., 20 N. N. w. Trenton, 177 W. Situated oa 
the E. side of Delaware r., and contains 1 store, a 
grist m. on Wickhechecoke cr., and 10 or 12 
dwellings. 

Pratt, p-o., Shelby co., O., 74 w. n. w. Co- 
lumbus, 468 W. 

Prattsburg, p-t., Steuben co., N. Y., 209 
w. by s. Albany, 315 W. The surface is un- 
even ; soil, fertile, adapted to grain, but belter to 
grass. Drained by Conhocton river. The v. 
contains 1 Presbyterian church, an academy, 4 
stores, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 tannery, 50 dwell- 
ings, and about 400 inhabitants. There are in 
the t. 4 stores, cap. $16,300 ; 2 fulling m., i tan- 
nery, 3 grist m., 22 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. 
$2l",100. 1 acad. 204 students, 18 sch. 823 schol- 
ars. Pop. 2,455. 

Prattsburg, p-v., Orange co., N. C, 34 n. w 
Raleigh, 294 W. 

Prattsburg, p-v., Talbot co., Ga., 80 w. s. 
w. Milledgeville, 736 W. 

Pratt's Hollow, p-o., Eaton t., Madison co., 
N. Y., 106 w. by n. Albany, 363 W. 

Prattsville, p-t, Greene co., N. Y., 33 w. 
Catskill, 54 s. w. Albany, 360 W. The surface 
is broken and mountainous ; soil, fertile on Scho- 
harie cr., which flows through the t. The up- 
land is adapted to grazing. The v. is pleasantly 
situated on the E. side of Schoharie cr., and con- 
tains 1 Dutch Reformed and 1 Methodist church, 
an academy, a printing office, and stereotype 
foundry, 3 tanneries producing 110,000 sides of 
sole leather annually, 1 woollen fac, 2 furnaces, 
2 machine shops, 150 dwellings, and about 1,000 
inhabitants. There are in the t. 7 stores, cap. 
$24,000 ; 1 flouring m., 1 woollen fac, 4 tan- 
neries, 2 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manuliic, 
$281,200. 1 acad. 25 students, 6 sch. 150 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,613. 

Preble, comity, O. Situated toward the s 
w. part of the state, and contains 432 sq. ms 
The surface is level or gently rolling : soil, very 
fertile. Drained by Frunklin, Four Mile, and St. 
Clair creeks. Capital, Falon. There were in 
I 1840, neat cattle 15,865, sheep 29,255, swine 
(40,785; wheat 193,107 bushels produced, rye 
, 8,955, Ind. corn 1,110,611, buckwheat 1,340, bar- 
j ley 3,571, oats 270,804, potatoes 24,775, sugar 
I 49,296 pounds; 37 stores, cap. $130,896 ; 1 full- 
ing m., 3 woollen fac, 9 tanneries, 5 distilleries, 
16 flouring m., 18 grist m., 34 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 
printing ofllces, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in 
manufac. $91,700. Pop. 19,432. 
I Prejsle, p-t., Corllandco., N. Y., 131 w. Alba- 
ny, 324 W. Tlie surface is liilly ; soil calcareous 
gravel and argillaceous loam, and very produc- 
tive. Drained by Toughnioga r. The v. con- 
tains 2 churches, 45 dwellings, and about 300 in- 
habitants. There are in the 1. 1 store, cap. $4,500 ; 
1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $10,600. 10 sch. 464 scholars. Pop. 
1,247. 

Preble, t.. Pike co., O. Pop. 513. 

Prescott, p-t., Hampshire co., Mass., 16 n. e. 



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550 



PR- 



Northampton, 77 w. Boston, 395 W. The sur- 
face is hilly and rongh ; soil, adapted to grazing. 
Watered by branches of Swift r., a principal con- 
stituent of Ghicapee r. It has 4 stores, cap. $2,900 ; 
1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. §8,330. 
5 sch. 230 scholars. Pop. 780. 

PRKsauE LsLE, county, Mich. Situated in the 
N. E. part of the peninsula, and contains 720 sq. 
ms. Bounded n. e. by Lake Huron, into which 
its streams flow. It is unorganized. 

Preston, county, Va. Situated in the n. part 
of the state, and contains 501 sq. ms. The sur- 
face is mountainous and rough ; soil, in some 
parts very fertile. Drained by Cheat r., the prin- 
cipal constituent of Monongahela r. Capital, 
Kingwood. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
7,459, sheep 12,249, swine 9,069; wheat 2,801 
bush, produced, rye 17,877, Indian corn 42,887, 
buckwheat 16,057, oals 123,966, potatoes 35,209, 
tobacco 3,892 pounds, sugar 27,132; 11 stores, 
cap. $103,900; 2 fulling ra., 2 woollen fac, 2 cot- 
ton fac.90 sp., 11 tanneries, 22 distilleries, 29 grist 
m., 23 saw m., 1 oil m., I printing office, 1 weekly 
newspaper. Cap. in maniifac. .$45,195. Pop. 
whites 6,743, slaves 91, free col'd 30; total, 
6,866. 

PRESTO^f, p-t.. New London co., Ct., 45 s. e. 
Hartford, 3(53 W. The surface is uneven and 
I'oeky ; soil, gravelly loam, and pretty fertile. 
Thames and Quinnebaug rivers bound it on the 
w. and N. w. It has 2 villages — 1 in the e. part, 
called Preston City, which contains a Congrega- 
tional and a Baptist church, several stores, and 
about 35 dw'ellings. Poquetannuck, the other v., 
is in the s. part, and lies partly in Ledyard, and 
contains about 40 dwellings, situated at the head 
of a cove, which sets up from Thames r. Amos's 
pond lies a little s. of Preston City, the outlet of 
which forms Poquetannuck r. First settled in 
1686. There are in the t. 9 stores, cap. $11,000; 
1 cotton fac. 200 sp., 1 tannery, 2 grist m,, 4 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $24,550. 13 sch. 469 scho 
lars. Pop. 1,727. 

Preston, p-t., Chenango co., N. Y., 118 w. by 
s. Albany, 342 W. The surface is moderately 
uneven ; soil, fertile. Drained by branches of 
Chenango r. It has 1 store, cap. $3,000 ; 3 fulling 
ra., 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 7 saw 
ra. Cap. in manufac. $8,600. 12 sch. 340 scho- 
lars. Pop. 1,117. 

Preston, p-t., Wayne co.. Pa., 184 n. e. Har- 
risburg, 280 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, 
gravel and loam, well timbered with white and 
jrello w pine, hemlock and chestnut. It has 7 sch 
124 scholars. Pop. 534. 

Preston, p-o., Marion co., Ga. 

Presto.v, po., Crosby t., Hamilton co., O., 122 
w. s. w. Columbus, 510 W. Situated in New- 
Haven V. 

Preston, p-o., Yallabusha co., Miss., 129 n. by 
E. Jackson, 974 W. 

Prestonburg, p-v., capital of Floyd co., Ky., 
120 E. s. E. Frankfort, 461 VV. Situated on the w. 
fork of Sandy r. It contains a court house, and 
84 inhabitants. 

Preston Hollow, p-v.,RensselaervilIe t., Al- 
bany CO., N. Y., 38 w. by s. Albany, 365 W. It 
contains 1 church, 4 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 
1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 40 dwellings, and about 
250 inhabitants. 

Prestonville, p-v., Rhea co., Tenn., 147 e. 
s. E. Nashville, 536 W. Situated on the n. side 
of Tennessee r. 

Prewett's Knob, p-o., Barren co., Ky., 119 
s. w. Frankfort, 642" W. 

Prible's Mills, p-o., Wood co., Va., 336 w. 
N w. Richmond, 305 W. 



Price, t., Monroe co.. Pa. It has 1 grist m., 9 
saw m. Pop. 391. 

Pricetown, p-v., Ru.'^comb Manor t., Berks 
CO., Pa., 62 E. by n. Harrisburg, 155 W. It con- 
tains 1 store, 1 tannery, and 25 or 30 dwellings. 

Priceville, p-v., Price t., Wayne co., Pa., 
199 N. E. Harrisburg, 295 W. . 

Priggs, p o., Jackson t., Montgomery co., O., 
12 s. w. Dayton, 182 w. by s. Columbus, 475 W. 

Prillimans, p-o., Franklin co., Va., 203 w. s. 
w. Richmond, 278 W. 

Prince Edward, co., Va. Situated centrally, 
toward the s. part of the state, antl contains 375 
sq. ms. Appomattox r. runs on its n. border, by 
branches of viliich it is drained. The soil is 
fertile and well cultivated. It contains Hampden 
Sidney College, which was founded in 1783 — has 
a president, and 4 professors or other instructors, 
65 students, and has 8,000 vols, in its libraries. 
The commencement is on the fourth Wednesday 
in September. A preparatory academy is con- 
nected with the institution. Capiial, Prince Ed- 
ward C. H. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
7,631, sheep 11,6J3, swine 15,428; wheat 57,293 
bush, produced, Ind. corn 303,997, oats 129,210, 
potatoes 13,147, tobacco 3,105,950 pounds, cotton 
11,121; 33 stores, cap. $123,800; 3 tanneries, 22 
flouring m., 23 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $204,220. 2 colleges, 66 students, 3 acad. 52 
students, 23 sch. 465 scholars. Pop. whites 4,923, 
slaves 8,576, free col'd 570 ; total, 14,069. 

Prince Edward, C. H., p-v., capital of Prince 
Edward co., Va., 77 w. s. w. Richmond, 167 W. 

Prince Edward, p-o., 'Gilmer co., Ga., 165 n. 
w. Milledgeville, 645 W. 

Prince Fredericktown, p-v., capital of Cal- 
vert CO., 3Id., 46 s. by w. Annapolis, 76 W. Sit- 
uate'.! on Parker's cr., v,'hich flows into Chesa- 
peake bay. It contains a court house, jail, a 
church, several stores, and about 500 inhabitants. 

Prince George, county, Va. Situated toward 
the e. part of the state, and contains 305 sq. ms. 
Appomalto.x r. runs on its n. w., and James r. on 
its n. e. border. Drained by Blackwater r. Cap- 
ital, Prince George C. H. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 3,095, sheep 2,727, swine, 5,9 11 ; wheat 
31,439 bush, produced, Ind. corn 176,640, oats 
35,231, potatoes 6,483, tobacco 115,0110 pounds, 
cotton 23,340 ; 8 stores, cap. $4,800 ; 7 distilleries, 
9 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $12,000. 
6 sch. 117 scholars. Pop. whites 2,692, slaves 
4,004, free col'd 469; total, 7,175. 

Prince George's, county, Md. Situated in the 
w. part of the state, adjoining the District of Co- 
lumbia, and contains 575 sq. ms. The surface is 
uneven ; soil, fertile. Patuxent r. runs on its e. 
border, and Potomac r. on a part of its w. border. 
Capital, Upper Marlboro. There were in, 1840, 
neat cattle 10,482, sheep 13,833, swine 24,201 ; 
wheat 80,147 bush, produced, rye 38,209, Ind. 
corn 507,266, oats 107,070, potatoes 21,570, tobac- 
co 9,259,423 pounds; 31 stores, cap. $81,600; 1 
tlom-ing m., 19 grist m., 6 saw m., 1 printing office, 
1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $53,800. 
4 acad. 42 students, 12 sch. 253 scholars. Pop. 
whites 7,823, slaves 10,636, free col'd 1,080 ; total, 
19,539. 

Prince George, C. H., p-v., capital of Prince 
George co., Va., 23 s. s. e. Richmond, 147 W. 

Princes Bay, N. Y. Situated on the s. E. side 
of Staten Island, celebrated for its fine oysters. 
It furnishes a safe anchorage in a n. e. storm. 

Princess An.n, county, Va. Situated in the 
S.E.part of the state, and contains 374 sq. ms. 
The surface is level, though somewhat elevated. 
The Atlantic ocean bounds it on the E., and 
Chesapeake bay on the n. Back bay, a branch 



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PRO 



of Currituck sound, sets up in its s. part. Drained 
by North r. and the e. branch of Elizabeth r. 
Capital, Princess Ann C. II. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 10,588, sheep 6,82-2, swine 20,761 ; 
wheat 6,655 bush, produced, Ind. corn 298,960, 
oats 81,771, potatoes 37,029, cotton 951 pounds ; 
5 stores, cap. $2,422; 3 tanneries, 10 distilleries, 
16 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $9,648. 1 acad. 49 
students, 8 sch. 179 scholars. Pop. whiles 3,996, 
slaves 3,087, free col'd 202 ; total, 7,285. 

Pri.xcess Ann, p-v., capital of Somerset co., 
Md., 110 s. s. E. Annapolis, 150 W. Situated on 
the s. E. side of Manokin r., near the head of tide- 
water. It contains a court house, jail, a bank, 3 
churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, and 1 
Methodist, and about 120 dwellings. It is regu- 
larly laid out, with streets crossing each other at 
right angles. The public buildings are of brick, 
and the private dwellings are of brick or of wood, 
neatly painted. Washmgton academy is in the 
vicinity. 

Princess Ann, p-o., Robeson co., N. C, 111 
■s. s. w. Raleigh, 399 W. 

Princess Ann, C. H., p-v., capital of Princess 
Ann CO., Va., 132 s. e. Richmond, 256 W. It con- 
tains a court house, 2 Methodist churches, 1 store, 
20 dwellings, and about 150 inhabitants. 

Pri.nceton, p-v., Wa.^ihington co.. Me., 219 n. 
E. Augusta, 805 W. Schoodic lake and its out- 
let bounds it on the n. w. and n. A pond in its 
s. part gives rise to East Macliias r. It has 2 sch. 
50 scholars. Pop. 157. 

Princeto.\, p-t., Worcester co., Mass., 16 n. by 
w. Worcester, 47 w. by n. Boston, 417 W. It 
contains Wachusett mountain, an isolated sum- 
mit, which is 3,000 feet high, and 1,900 feet above 
the surrounding country, and it presents a grand 
view from its top. The surface of the t. is hilly ; 
soil, fertile. Drained by branches of Nashua r. 
and Wave r. It contains 4 churches — 1 Congre- 
gational, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, and 1 Llnivcr- 
salist. It has 3 stores, cap. $7,000 ; 3 tanneries, 
3 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,470. 
10 sch. 404 scholars. Pop. 1,347. 

Princeton, p-t., Schenectady co., N. Y., 8w. 
Schenectady, 19 n. w. Albany, 389 W. The 
surface is hilly ; .soil, clay, sand, and loam. Drain- 
ed by Norman's Kill. It has 1 store, cap. $1,000 ; 
3 saw ni. 4 sch. 91 scholars. Population, 
1,201. 

Princeton, pb., Mercer co., N. J., 11 n. e. 
Trenton, 177 W. It is pleasantly situated, and 
neatly built, chiefly on one extended street, and 
contains 4 churches — 2 Presbyterian, 1 Episco- 
pal, and 1 African — numerous stores, and 200 
dwellings, and about 1,2U0 inhabitants, exclusive 
of those connected with the literary institutions. 
The Delaware and Raritan canal rims within 1 
mile of the b., and Ihe office of the company is 
established here. It derives its greatest import- 
ance from the College of New Jersey, established 
here, founded in 1746, at Elizabethtown, remov- 
ed to Princeton in 1757, which has a president, 
and 12 professors or other instructors, 2, ISS alum- 
ni, of whom 444 have been ministers of the gos- 
pel, 263 students, and 11,000 vols, hi its libraries. 
The commencement is on the last Wednesday 
in September. Its buildings are neat, convenient, 
and spaciou.s. The Princeton Theological Semi- 
nary of the Presbyterian church is located here, 
founded in 1812, has 5 professors, 113 students, 
714 educated, and 7,000 vols, in its libraries. Its 
buildings are neat and extensive. There are in 
the t. 9 stores, cap. $47,600 ; 1 lumber yard, cap. 
$2,500 ; 1 tannery, 2 printing offices, 1 bindery, 
I weekly newspaper, 2 giist m., 1 saw m. Cap. 
iu manufac. !;p67,300. 2 colleges, 328 students, 2 



acad. 90 students, 4 sch. 110 scholars. Pop. 
3,055. 

Princeton, p-v., Mercer co., Va. 

Princeton, p-v., capital of Washington co.. 
Miss., 119 N. w. Jackson, 1,154 W. Situated on 
tiie E. side of Mis.sissippi r. It contains a court 
house, 8 stores, and 250 inhabitants. 

Princeton, p-v., capital of Caldwell co., Ky., 
225 w. s. w. Frankfort, 757 W. It contains a 
court house, jail, and about 400 inhabitants. 

Princeton, p-v.. Liberty t., Butler co., O., 

102 w. s. w. Columbus, 486 W. 
Princeton, p-v., capital of Gibson co., la., 

142 s. w. Indianapolis, 712 W. Situated 4 ms. s. 
of Patoka cr., which is navigable 3 months in the 
year. It contains a spacious court house, jail, 
and a seminary, all of brick, 2 churches, 5 stores, 
and about 800 inhabitants. 

Princeton, p-v., capital of Bureau co.. 111., 
135 N. Springfield, 808 W. It contains a court 
house, jail, and a number of dweUings. It was 
laid out in 1833. 

Princeton, p-v., Scott co., Iowa. Situated on 
the w. side of Mississippi r. 

Princetown, p-v., Berks co., Pa. 

Princeville, p-v., Peoria co.. III., 92 n. 
Sprmgfield, 806 W. 

Prince William, county, Va. Situated in 
the n. e. part of the state, and contains 370 sq. 
ms. It has the Potomac on the e. Drained by 
Occoquan r. Surface hilly ; soil, moderately 
fertile. Capital, Brentsville. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 6,614, sheep 8,202, swine 8,900; 
wheat 47,471 bush, produced, rye 3,704, Ind. 
corn 180,463, buckwheat 2,181, oats 105,374, po- 
tatoes 6,476, tobacco 4,974 pounds; 18 stores, 
cap. $66,500 ; 1 cotton fac. 1,038 sp., 5 distilleries, 
10 flouring m., 13 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. .$22,350. 5 sch. 118 scholars. Pop. whites 
4,867, slaves 2,767, free col'd 510 ; total, 8,144. 

Prince William, p-o., Carroll co., la., 56 n 
N. w. Lidianapolis, 614 W. 

Princepeo, p-o., Cecil co., Md. 

Privateer, p-o., Sumter dist., S. C, 70 E.Co- 
lumbia, 505 W. 

Proctorsville, p-v., Windsor co., Vt., 73 e. 
Montpelier, 468 W. 

Proctorsville, p-v., Crawford co., la., 109 
s. by w. Indianapolis, 631 W. Situated on the 
w. side of Great Blue r. 

Promised Land, p-o., Alleghany co., Md. . 

Prompton, p-o., Wayne co.. Pa., 169 n. e. 
Harrisburg, 260 W. 

Prospect, p-t., Waldo co.. Me., 53 e. by N. 
Augusta, 649 W. Situated on the w. side of Pe- 
nob.scot r., at its entrance into Penobscot bay. It 
has a fertile soil, and great commercial advan- 
tages. Incorporated in 1794. It has 15 stores, 
cap. $41,700 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 2 grist 
m.. 12 saw. Cap. in manufac. $35,350. 20 sch. 
1,416 scholars. Pop. 3,492. 

Prospect, p-t.. New Haven co., Ct., 54 s. 
Hartford, 320 W. Organized in 1827, from Che- 
shire and VVaterbury. The surface is elevated, 
hilly, mountainous, and stony ; soil, adapted to 
grazing. It contains 1 Congregational and 1 
Methodist church. It has 1 store, cap. $1,800 ; 
1 tannery, 2 distilleries, 2 grist m., 4 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $13,660. 4 sch. 83 scholars. 
Pop. 548. 

Prospect, p-o., Remsen t., Oneida co., N. Y^ 

103 w. N. w. Albany, 408 W. 

Prospect, p-v.. Muddy Creek t., Butler co.. 
Pa., 212 w. N. w. Harrisburg, 254 W. It contains 
1 store, and 8 or lOdwelhngs. 

Pro.-spect, p-o.. Prince Edward co., Va., 80 w. 
s. w. Richmond, 170 W. 



PRO 



552 



PRO 



Prospect, p-o., Radnor t., Delaware co., O., 
37 N. Columbus, 421 W. 

Prospect, p-o., Giles co., Tenn., 97 s. by w. 
Nashville, 746 W. 

Prospect Hall, p-o., Bladen co., N. C, 82 s. 
Raleigh, 370 W. 

Prospect Harbor, p-o.. Prospect t., Waldo 
CO., Me., 119 E. Augusta, 701 W. 

Prospect Hill, p-o., Pittstown t., Rensselaer 
CO., N. Y., 24 N. E. Albany, 394 W. 

Pro.spect Hill, p-o., Fairfax co., Va., 131 n. 
by E. Richmond, 12 W. 

Prospect Hill, p-o., Caswell co., N. C, 60 
N. w. Raleigh, 372 W. 

Prospect Hill, p-o., Lincoln co., Tenn. 

Prospect Ridge, p-o.. Pike co., Ala., 161 s. 
E. Tuscaloosa, 876 W. 

Prosperity, p-o., Moore co., N. C, 68 s. w. 
Raleigh, 336 W. 

Providence, county, R. I. Situated in the 
N. part of the state, and contains 380 sq. miles. 
The surface is uneven and rough ; soil, gravelly 
and calcareous loam. Watered by Pawtuckel, 
Providence or Narraganset, Wanasquatucket, 
Mashasuck, and Pawtuxet rivers, and their 
branches. Several of these afford extensive wa- 
ter power. The agriculture of the co. is respect- 
able, but its manufactures are very extensive, 
and more important, and its commercial advan- 
tages are great. Capital, Providence. There 
were in 1810, neat cattle 13,157, sheep 11,861, 
swine 10,669 ; wheat 641 bush, produced, rye 
16,870, Ind. corn 157,577, buckwheat 1,573, bar- 
ley 13,374, oats 16,249, potatoes 347,339; 78 
houses in foreign trade, cap. $1,589,859; 550 
stores, cap. $1,987,200 ; 19 lumber yards, cap. 
$185,500; cap. invested in fisheries, $130,000; 
5 furnaces, 18 fulling m., 6 woollen fac, 130 cot- 
ton fac. 367,251 sp., 15 dyeing and printing estab., 
8 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 2 breweries, 2 rope fac, 
59 grist m., 73 saw m., 2 paper fac, 10 printing 
offices, 6 binderies, 2 periodicals, 2 daily, 5 week- 
ly, 4 semi-weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. 
$7,165,887. 2 colleges, 324 students, 37 acad. 2,935 
students, 20a sch. 9,705 scholars. Pop. 58,073. 

Providence, city, and port of entry in a coun- 
ty of the same name, is the semi-capital of R. I., 
is situated at the head of Narraganset bay, on the 
w. side of Seekonk or Providence river, 35 miles 
from the ocean, and is in 41° 51' n. lat. and 71° 
16' w. Ion. from Greenwich, and 5° 37' E. Ion. 
from W. — 30 n. from iSewport, 42 s. s. w. from 
Boston, 55 n. e. from New London, 70 e. from 
Hartford. 173 e. from New York, 396 from W. Pop. 
in 1820, ll,767 ; 1830,16,832; 1840,23,171. Em- 
ployed in commerce 929; manufactures and 
trades 3,948 ; navigating the ocean 422 ; do. rivers, 
&c. 90; learned professions, &c. 165. 

It contains an area of about 9 square miles ; 
and the compact part is nearly equally divided 
by Providence river. The principal business is 
done on 2 long and somewhat irregular streets 
on the E. side of the river ; but there are several 
wholesale stores on the w., where also is done 
a large retail business. Tliere are many fine 
houses, mosily on the E. side of the r. It is the 
second city in New England in population. The 
two parts of the city are connected by 2 bridges, 
one of which is 90 feet in width. Vessels of 900 
tons come to its wharves. Its commerce is ex- 
tensive, and it has been successfully engaged in 
a trade with China. Tlie Blackstone canal from 
Worcester, Mass., terminates here. It has also 
a railroad from Boston, which is extended to 
Stonington, Ct. Several steamboats connect it 
daily with the city of New York, and other pack- 
et lines connect it with that and other cities. 



Among the public buildings are the State House 
built of brick ; 2 Congregational, 1 Baptist, and 
the Episcopal church, which are among the finest 
buildings of the kirid in the United States ; the 
Arcade, on the w. side of the river, extending be- 
tween two streets, with a fine Doric portico on 
each, consisting of 5 massive columns, 25 feet 
high, the shafts of which, 22 feet in length, are 
from single blocks of granite, of which material 
the building is constructed, 226 feet long, 72 feet 
wide, and 3 stories high, occupied below by 
stores, and above with offices, &.c. Brown Uni- 
versity occupies a commanding situation on the 
E. side of the river, and has 2 large brick edifices, 
4 stories high. It has a president, and 8 profes- 
sors and instructors, had had in 1841, 1,390 alum- 
ni, 474 of whom were ministers, about 172 stu- 
dents, and 14,000 volumes in its various libraries. 
The philosophical apparatus is extensive and 
complete. The commencement is on the first 
Wednesday of September. A majority of the 
board of trustees and of the faculty are required 
to be of the Baptist denomination. It was origi- 
ginally established in Warren, in 1761, and was 
removed to Providence in 1770. The Friends 
Boarding School, belonging to the yearly meet- 
ing of this denomination in New England, is 
situated three quarters of a mile n. e. of tjie Uni- 
versity, has a spacious edifice of stone and brick, 
in a commanding situation, has 10 instructors, and 
about 200 pupils, and is a flourishing institu- 
tion. The Athenreum, founded in 1336, has a 
handsome granite building, and a library of 7,000 
volumes. The state prison, lately erected, and a 
theatre, a new and fine buitding. It has 21 banks, 
with an aggregate capital of eight millions, and 3 
insurance companies. The city contains 21 
churches — 5 Baptist, 3 Episcopal, 3 Congrega- 
tional, 1 Friends, 2 Methodist, 2 Unitarian, 1 Uni- 
versalist, 2 Roman Catholic, and 2 African. 

The city is not less distinguished for its manu- 
factures than for its commerce. The most ex- 
tensive manufacturing establishments are situa- 
ted at North Providence, where the falls of the 
Pawtucket aflTord an extensive water power. 
The tonnage of this port in 1840, was 16,610. 

There were in 1840, 23 for. commercial and 55 
commission houses, cap. $1,582,850 ; 392 retail 
stores, cap. $1,753,040; 18 lumber yards, cap. 
$170,500; fisheries, cap. $130,000; machinery 
manufactured to the amount of $270,300; pre- 
cious metals, ,$257,900; various metals, $147,550; 

1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac cap. $10,000; 32 cot- 
ton fac. 76,554 sp., 8 dyeing and printing estab., 
total cap. $1,449,000; 3 tanneries, cap. $22,000; 

2 distilleries, 2 breweries, cap. $63,000; paints, 
drugs, &c., cap. $20,000; 1 paper fac. produced 
$15;000; 5 grist m., cap. $6,500; 8 printing of- 
fices, 5 binderies, 2 daily, 3 weekly, 4 semi-week- 
ly newspapers, and 2 periodicals, cap. $23,100. 
Total cap. in manufac. $3,012,538. 1 colleges, 
324 students, 21 acad. 2,299 students, 42 sch. 
6,629 scholars. 

This town was settled in 1636, by Roger Wil- 
liams, who fled from Massachusetts, on account 
of his religious opinions, and who adopted in his 
establishment the principles of universal tolera- 
tion. Providence originally included several ad- 
jacent towns. It suffered much in King Philip's 
war. In 1663 a charter was granted by the king 
to tlie Providence Plantations. This place has 
suffered severe disasters by fire and water. In 
1301 an extensive fire occurred; and in 1815a 
severe gale caused the tide to rise 12 feet above 
its ordinary height, spreading desolation along 
the wharves and bridges, destroying 300 build- 
ings, and other property, to the amount, in the 



PUL 



553 



PUL 



whole, of nearly $1,500,000. In 1831 it received 
a charter as a city. 

Providence, p-t., Saratoga co., N. Y., 15 x. 
w Balston Spa, 41 n. n. w. Albany, 409 W. The 
surface is hilly ; soil, clay and loam, adapted to 
grass. Watered by Sacandaga r. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $3,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tan- 
neries, 3 grist m., 30 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$33,630. 9 sch. 313 scholars. Pop. 1,307. 

Providence, p-t., Luzerne co., Pa., 146 n. e. 
Harrisburg, 230 W. Lackawannock or., and 
Roaring brook, afford e.xtensive water power. 
Anthracite coal is abundant, and easily mined. 
The surface is a valley between two mountain 
ranges. It contains the v. of C'entrcville, and 
has 6 stores, cap. $15,800; 1 tannery, 3 flouring 
m.. 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $14,900. Pop. 
1,169. 

Providence, (East and West,) t., Bedford co.. 
Pa. It has 1 store, cap. $6,000 ; 1 fulling ra., 1 
tannery, 1 distillery, 1 pottery, 1 flouring m. 
Cap. in manufac. $6,650. 5 sch. 204 scholars. 
Pop. 2,632. 

Providence, p-v., Fairfax co., Va., 120 n. 
Richmond, 207 W. 

Providence, p-v., Mecklinburg co., N. C, 
173 w. s. w. Raleigh, 412 W. 

Providence, p-v., Pickens co., Ala., 71 w. 
Tuscaloosa, 873 W. 

Providence, p-v., Hopkins co., Ky., 214 w. s. 
w. Frankfort, 733 W. 

Providence, p-v.. Bureau co., 111., 114 n. 
Springfield, 819 W. 

Providence, p-v., Wood co., O., 140 n. n. w. 
Columbus, 471 W. Pop. 130. 

Provincetown, p-t., Barnstable co., Mass., 
123 Boston, 524 W. Situated on the extreme n. 
w. point of Cape Cod. The surface consists of 
beaches, sand hills, 8 shallow ponds, and a num- 
ber of swamps. The harbor within the curve of 
the cape is easy of access, spacious and safe, 
with a sufficient depth of water for the largest 
ships. The v. is inhabited chiefly by fishermen, 
and the cod and mackerel fisheries employ about 
1,000 men and boys. The houses are chiefly 
on one street 2 ms. long, following the course of 
the beach. It contains 3 churches — 1 Congrega- 
tional, 1 Methodist, and 1 Universalist. The soil 
is a loose sand. Salt is extensively manufactur- 
ed, and there are many windmills to raise the 
water into vats for evaporation. Good water is 
obtained at a moderate depth, a little distance from 
the shore. There are in the t. 15 stores, cap. 
$30,100; 2 lumberyards, cap. $3,750. Cap. in 
manufac. $13,200. 2 acad. 109 students, 8 sch. 
667 scholars. Pop. 2,122. 

Prowsville, p-o., Washington co., la., 92 s. 
Indianapolis, 612 W. 

Prontytown, p-v., Harrison co., Va., 2G7 n. 
w. Richmond, 205 W. Situated on Tygart's 
Valley r., and contains 1 Baptist and 1 Metho- 
dist church, 3 stores, 1 tannery, 20 dwellings, and 
about 125 inhabitants. 

Public Square, p-o., Greene co., Ga., 53 n. 
iMilledgeville, 390 W. 

PuGHTovvN, p-v., Coventry t., Chester co., 
Pa., 68 E. s. E. Harrisburg, 146 VV. Situated on 
French cr. It contains a store, and about 15 
dwellings. 

PuL.\SKi, county, Ga. Situated a little s. of 
the centre of the state, and contains 68^) sq. ms. 
Drained by Ocmulgee r. and its branches, and 
by branches of Oconee r. Capital, Ilavvkins- 
ville. There were in 1810, neat cattle 16,204, 
sheep 2,268, swine 15,015; wheat 7,439 bush, 
produced, rye 1,433, Ind. corn 133,764, oats 5,369, 
potatoes 21, r78, cotton 1,735,783; 14 stores, cap. 
70 



$80,000 ; 10 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$3,125. Pop. whiles 2,972, slaves 2,383, free 
col'd 32 ; total, 5,339. 

Pulaski, county, Va. Situated toward the s. 
w. part of the state, and contains 350 sq. ms. 
New r. bounds it partly on the E., and drains it 
on the s. Surface in part mountainous ; soil, fer- 
tile. Capital, Nevvbern. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 6,920, sheep 9,653, swine 11,752; 
wheat 46,093 bush, produced, rye 16,940, Ind. 
corn 144,037, buckwheat 2,416, oats 80,170, po- 
tatoes 15,064; 10 stores, cap. $54,500; 6 tanne- 
ries, 20 distilleries, 7 grist m., 5 saw m., 1 oil m., 
1 paper fac. Cap. in manufac. $32,360. 7 sch. 
136 scholars. Pop. whites 2,763, slaves 954, 
free col'd 17 ; total, 3,739. 

Pulaski, county, Ky. Situated on the s. 
toward the e. part of the state, and contains 800 
sq. ms. Cumberland r. runs on its s. border, by 
branches of which it is drained. Rockcastle cr. 
runs on its s. e. border. Capital, Somerset. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 10,862, sheep 
13,366, swine 19,490; wheat 43,985 bush, produ- 
ced, Ind. corn 120,301, oats 94,655, potatoes 
4,504 ; 10 stores, cap. $30,000 ; 4 tanneries. Cap. 
in manufac. $14,000. 29 sch. 751 scholars. Pop. 
whites 8,583, slaves 1,019, free col'd 18; total, 
9,620. 

Pulaski, county, la. Situated toward the n. 
w. part of the state, and contains 342 sq. ms. 
Drained by Tippecanoe r. and its branches. 
Capital, Winamac. There were in 1810, neat 
cattle 591, sheep 270, swine 1,5S9; wheat 1,399 
bush, produced, Ind. corn 13,075, oats 1,823, pota- 
toes 3,381, sugar 2,131 pounds : 1 store, cap. 1,000; 
3 potteries, 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,500. 
Pop. 561. 

Pulaski, county, IVTo. Situated toward the s. 
part of the state, and contains 1,332 sq. ms. 
Drained by the head waters of (Gasconade v and 
by branches of Osage r. The surface is liilly ; 
soil, fertile. Capital, Waynesville. There were 
in 1810, neat cattle 10,513, sheep 6,600, swine 
23,131 ; wheat 18,680 bush, produced, Ind. corn 
335,860, oats 23,143, potatoes 11,6^2, tobacco 
19,091 pounds, cotton 7,727, sugar 2,602 ; 10 stores, 
cap. $24, 613; 1 tannery, 11 distilleries, 22 grist 
m., 15 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $40,280. 6 
sch. 116 scholars. Pop. whites 6,338, slaves 190, 
free col'd 1 ; total, 6,529. 

Pulaski, county, Ark. Situated near the 
centre of the state, and contains 2,050 sq. ms. 
Drained by Arkansas r. and its branches. Cap- 
ital, Little Rock. There were in 1840, neat cat- 
tle 7,935, sheep 949, swine 12,031 ; wheat 559 
bush, produced, Ind. corn 164,324, oats 6,920, 
potatoes 10,312, cotton 7,869 pounds ; 5 commer- 
cial and 5 com. houses, cap. $15,000; 20 stores, 
cap. $218,500 ; 12 grist ni., 10 saw m., 3 printing 
offices, 3 semi-weekly newspapers. Cap. in 
manufac. $69,250. 1 sch. 48 scholars. Pop. 
whites 3,961, slaves 1,284, free col'd 105 ; total, 
5,350. 

Pulaski, v., Richland t., semi-capital of Os- 
wego CO., N. v., 155 w. N. w. Albany, 3S5 W. 
Situated on Salmon r., 3 ms. from Lake Ontario. 
Incorporated in 1832. It contains a court house, 
jail, 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, and 
1 3Iethodist — an academy, 8 stores, 1 woollen 
fac, 1 paper m., 2 grist in., 1 trip-hammer works, 
1 furnace, 1 carriage fac., 2 tanneries, 100 dwell- 
ings, and about 7O0 inhabitants. There is an 
extensive water power. 

Pulaski, p-v., Mercer co., Pa., 248 w. n. w 
Harrisburg, 2S9 W. 

Pulaski, p-v., capital of Giles co., Tenn., 74 
s. by w. Nashville, 734 W. Situated on the e. 



PUT 



554 



PUT 



side of Richland cr., a branch of Elk r. It con 
tains a court house, a church, and about 900 in 
habitants. 

Pulaski, p-o., Williams co., O., 176 n. w. Co 
lumbus, 509 W. 

Pulaski, p-t., Jackson co., Mich., 89 w. by s. 
Detroit, 561 W. Drained by the s. branch of 
Kalamazoo r. It contains several ponds, and a 
mineral spring. Ithasl sch.27scliolars. Pop. 394. 
Pulaski, p-v., Hancock co.. 111., 85 w. n. w 
Springfield, 863 W. 

Pulaskjville, p-v., Knox co., O., 52 n. e 
Columbus, 393 W. 

PuLTNEY, p-t., Steuben co., N. Y., 15 n. e 
Bath, 213w.by S.Albany, 316 W. The .surface is 
generally level ; soil, clay and calcareous loam. 
Bounded e. by the w. branch of Crooked Lake, 
into which its streams flow. It has 2 stores, cap. 
$4,000 ; 1 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$9,500. 12 sch. 1,174 scholars. Pop. 1,784. 

Pultney, t., Belmont co., O. It has 8 sch. 
248 scholars. Pop. 1,747. 

Pultneyville, p-v., Williamson t., Wayne 
CO., N. Y., 204 w. by n. Albany, 368 W. Situ- 
ated on Lake Ontario, where is a convenient 
landing for steamboats and vessels. It contains 
5 stores, 2 warehouses, 2 saw m., 1 tannery, 50 
dwellings, and about 350 inhabitants. 

Pulver's CoRNEiis, p-0.. Pine Plains t., 
Dutchess CO., N. Y., 58 s. Albany, 331 W. 

PuMPKiNTOwN, p-v., Pickens dist., S. C, 135 
w. N. w. Columbia, 530 W. 

PuMPKi.N Vine, po., Paulding co., Ga., 127 w. 
N. w. Milledgeville, 670 W. 

Punch Kill, p-o., Cobleskill t., Schoharie 
CO., N. Y., 37 w. Albany, 388 W. 

PuNGO Bridge, p-o., Beaufort dist., S. C. 

Pungoteague, p-v., Accomac co., Va., 181 e. 
by N. Richmond, 209 W. It contains 1 Episco- 
pal and 1 Methodist church, 1 store, 1 grist m., 
20 dwellings, and about 125 inhabitants. 

PuNXATAWNEY, p-v., Youug t., Jefferson co.. 
Pa., 183 N. w. Harrisburg, 236 W. Situated in a 
fork of Mahoning cr. It contains a store and 15 
or 20 dwellings. 

PuRCELLS Store, p-o., Loudon co., Va., 163 
N. Richmond, 44 W. 

PuRDY, p-v., capital of McNairy co., Tenn., 
148 s. w. Nashville, 824 W. Situated on a head 
branch of Hatchy r. 

PuRDY Creek, p-o., Hornellsville t, Steuben 
CO., N. Y., 247 w. by s. Albany, 315 W. 

PuRDYviLLE, p-v., Wayne co., Pa., 159 n. e. 
Harrisburg, 233 \V. 

Purvis, p-o., Rockland t., Sullivan co., N. Y., 
109 s. w. Albany, 314 W. 

Putnam, county, N. Y. Situated in the s. e. 
part of tiie stale, and contains 216 sq. ms. Hud- 
son r. bounds it on the w. The surface is moun- 
tainous ; soil, productive in the e. part, if well 
cultivated. Magnetic iron ore, iron pyrites, and 
plumbago abound. Drained by head branches 
of Croton r. Capital, Carniel. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 14,971, sheep 14,945, swine 
12.88S ; wheat 12,2.50 bush, produced, rye 35,367, 
Ind. corn 86,679, buckwheat 37,099, oats 86,421, 
polaloes 142,384 ; 47 stores, cap. $105,950 ; 1 fur- 
nace, 2 forges, 11 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 6 
tanneries, 2 flouring m., 27 grist m., 36 saw m., 
2 paper fac. Cap. in manufoc. $266,635. 63 
sch. 2,935 scholars. Pop. 12,325. 

Putnam, county, Ga. Situated a httle n. of 
the centre of the .state, and contains 340 sq. ms. 
Bounded e. by Oconee r., by branches of which 
it is drained. Surface level ; soil, fertile. Capi- 
tal, Eaionton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
9,497, sheep 7,071, swine 29,991 ; wheat 35,688 1 



bush, produced, rye 1,174, Ind. corn 360,230, bar- 
ley 855, oats 21,332, potatoes 13,626, cotton 
2,279,145 pounds; 15 stores, cap. $112,800; 1 
cotton fac. 2,000 sp., 2 tanneries, 8 flouring m., 16 
grist m., 14 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $127,553. 
5 acad. 210 students, 5 sch. 174 scholars. Pop. 
1830, 13,261; 1840, whites 3,741, slaves 6,483. 
free col'd 37 ; total, 10,260. 

Putnam, county, O. Situated in the n. w. 
part of the state, and contains 376 sq. ms. Drain- 
ed by Auglaize r. and its tributaries. Surface 
undulating ; .soil, fertile. Capital, Kalida. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 5,570, sheep 2,385, swine 
11,799 ; wheat 43,929 bush, produced, rye 1,203, 
Ind. corn 136,465, oats 20,587, potatoes 30,115, 
.sugar 45,979 pounds ; 18 stores, cap. $32,625 ; 
5 tanneries, 8 grist m., 11 saw m., 2 printing ofli- 
ces. Cap. in manufac. $9,630. Pop. 5,189. 

Putnam, county, la. Situated in the w. part 
of the state, and contains 486 sq. ms. Organized 
in 1821. Drained by Walnut Fork of Eel r., and 
Big Racoon and Deer creeks, which afford water 
power. Capital, Greencastle. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 16,022, sheep 21,077, swine 
42,534 ; wheat 72,274 bush, produced, rye 2,212, 
Ind. com 824,792, oats 98,20S, potatoes 25,783, 
tobacco 27,582 pounds, sugar 232,075 ; 39 stores, 
cap. $122,110; 1 fuOing m., 13 tanneries, 10 dis- 
tilleries, 3 potteries, 3 flouring m., 33 grist m., 32 
saw m., 2 oil m., 1 printing office, 1 vv'eekly and 
1 periodical newspaper. Cap. in manuf. $40,618. 
1 acad. 87 students, 44 sch. 2,414 scholars. Pop. 
16,842. 

Putnam, county. III. Situated toward the N. 
part of the state, and contains 325 sq. ms. The 
surface is undulating, and consists of prairie and 
forest ; soil, very fertile. Drained by Illinois r. 
and its branches, and by head branches of Spoon 
r. Capital, Hennepin. I'here were in 1840, 
neat cattle 2,975, sheep 1,7.32, swine 6,410 ; 
wheat 40,885 bush, produced, Ind. corn 71,223, 
oats 46,572, potatoes 18,818, sugar 11,030 pounds ; 
9 stores, cap. $22,900 ; 1 tannery, 2 saw m., 2 print- 
ing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $19,000. 12 sch. 675 scholars. Pop. 2,131. 

Putnam, p-t., Washington co., N. Y., 36 n. 
Sandy Hill, 90 n. by e. Albany. The surface is 
mountainous, and mostly unfit for cultivation. 
Crossed by Palmertown range, some peaks of 
which are 1,500 feet high. It has Lake Cham- 
plain on the E. and Lake George on the w. It 
contains 2 stores, cap. $4,500 ; 2 grist ra., 5 saw 
m., 1 sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 784. 

Putnam, p-t., Muskingum co., O., 55 e. Co- 
lumbus, 340 W. Situated on Muskingum r., op- 
posite Zanesville, with which it is connected by 
a handsome bridge. It has 1 acad. 150 students, 
1 sch. 51 scholars. Pop. 1,071. 

Putnam, t., Livingston co., Mich. It has 2 
stores, cap. $29,000 ; 5 sch. 177 scholars. Pop. 
597. 

Putnam Valley, p-t., Putnam co., N. Y., 9 
w. Carmel, 100 s. Albany. The surface is moun- 
tainous, being covered with the Highlands, with 
a broad and fertile valley, extending from N. to s. 
There are 7 small lakes or ponds in the t. Drain- 
ed by Peekskill cr., the outlet of Redfire lake. 
Iron ore is extensively found. It has 2 forges, 3 
stores, cap. $2,000 ; 1 fulling m., 5 grist m., 8 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $11,100. 10 sch. 461 scho- 
lars. Pop. 1,659. 

Putnam ville, p-v., Putnam co., la., 42 w. 
Indianapolis, 613 W. Situated on the national 
road, and contains 4 stores, various mechanic 
shops, 1 grist m., 1 tannery, and about 250 in- 
habitants. 

Putney, p-t., Windham co., Vt., Ill s. Mont- 



QUE 



555 



QUI 



pelier, 432 W. Situated on the w. side of Con- 
necticut r. The surface is uneven excepting 
near the streams, where are extensive and fertile 
intervales. Sacket's brook has a fall of 75 feet 
in 80 rods, and affords extensive water power. 
There are several other mill streams. The v. 
contains a Congregational church, several stores, 
and about 60 dwellings. There is also a Baptist 
church in the t. Chartered by N. II. in 1753, 



and recharlered under N. Y. in 17G6. First set- 
tled in 1751. There are in the t. 3 stores, cap. 
,$25,000 ; 2 fulling m., 2 woollen lac, 2 tanneries, 
2 paper fac, 3 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $3-t,350. 12 sch. 462 scholars. Pop. 1,383. 

Pv'RAMUs, p v., Bergen co., N. J., 83 n. e. Tren- 
ton, 2iy W. 

Pyrenna, p-o., Elbert co., Ga., 115 n. n. e. 
Milledgeville, 575 W. 



a. 



Quaker Bottom, p-o., Lawrence co., O., 123 
s. by E. Columbus, 400 W. 

Quaker Hii-l, p-o., Pawlings t., Dutchess co., 
N. v., 92 s. Albany, 304 W. 

Quaker Springs, po., Saratoga t., Saratoga 
CO., i\. Y., 32 N. Albany, 402 W. 

Quaker Springs, p-v., Columbia co., Ga., 103 
E. N. E. Milledgeville, 582 W. This settlement 
was formed by tlie Friends in 1750, who fled, 
alarmed by the murders of the Cherokees. It 
contains a number of dwellings. 

Quaker Street, p-o., Duanesburg t., Sche- 
nectady CO., N. Y. 

Quakertown, p-v., Kingwood t., Hunterdon 
CO., N. J., 31 N. w. Trenton, 19! W. It is called 
also Fairview, and contains 1 Friends church, 2 
stores, and 15 or 20 dwellings. 

Quakertown, p-v., Richland t., Bucks co., 
Pa.. 37 N. N.vv. Philadelphia, 101 e. Harrisburg, 174 
W. It is neatly built on a single street, and con- 
tains 1 Friends church, 2 stores, 40 dwellings, 
and about 250 inhabitants. 

Quallatowm, p-v., Haywood co., N. C, 326 
w. Raleigh, 556 W. 

QuANTico, p-v., Somerset co., Md., 93 s. e. An- 
napolis, 133 W. 

Quay, p-o., Claiborne par., La., 367 n. w. New 
Orleans, 1,237 W. 

Queechee, r., Vt., rises in Sherburne, and 
after running 35 ms., falls into Connecticut r., in 
Hartland, about 2 ms. above Queechee falls. It 
receives a number of tributaries, and affords good 
water power. It is about 35 ms. long. 

Q.UEECHEE Village, p-v., Hartford t., Windsor 
CO., Vt., 57 s. Montpelier, 437 W. Situated around 
the falls in Queechee r., 5 ms. above its mouth. 
It contains several stores, and a number of mills 
and manufactories. 

QuEMAHONiNG, t., Somerset co.. Pa., 11 n. E. 
Somerset. The surface is hilly ; soil, light gravel. 
Stony cr. bounds it on the e. Drained by Mc- 
Conaughey run and Quemahoning cr., Higgins' 
cr., and Will's cr. It has 1 store, cap. $4,000 ; 1 
distillery, 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 4 saw m., 1 oil 
m. Cap. in manufac. $2,800. 1 sch. 25 scholars. 
Pop. 924. 

Queen Anne, county, Md. Situated in the e. 
part of the state, on the e. shore of Chesapeake 
bay, and contains 400 sq. ms. Kent island, in 
Chesapeake bay, belongs to it. Chester r. runs 
on its N. w. border, and Tuckahoe cr. on its e. 
border. Capital, Centreville. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 9,056, sheep 12,881, swine 12,520 ; 
wheat 113,411 bush, produced, rye 35,767, Ind. 
corn 501,274 ; buckwheat 346, oats 117,765, pota- 
toes 15,275; 8 stores, cap. $10,000 ; 1 tannery, 5 
grist m. 6 acad. 96 students, 12 sch. 384 scholars. 
Pop. whites 6,132, slaves 3,950, free col'd 2,541 ; 
total, 12,633. 

Queen Anne, p-v., Prince George's co., Md., 14 
s. w. Annapolis, 26 W. Situated on the w. side 
of Patuxent r. 

Queens, county, X. Y. Situated toward the | 
w. part of Long Island, having Long Island sound j 



and the East r. on the n., and the Atlantic ocean 
on the s., and contains 3J6 sq. ms. The soil is a 
loam on the n., and a light sand on the s. part. 
When well cultivated, the soil is productive. 
The shore is deeply indented by bays and in- 
lets, and several small streams flow into the 
sound, and into the ocean. There is a light-house 
on Sand's point, on Long Island sound. Capital, 
>forth Hempstead. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 11,181, sheep 26,477, swine 21,518 ; wheat 
97,741 bush, produced, rye 105,399, Ind. corn 
336,401, buckwheat 64,Ov57, barley 3,5.)3, oats 
348,447, potatoes 214,121; 83 stores, cap. $253,900; 
13 lumber yards, cap. ,$25,050; 7 fulling m., 7 
woollen fac, 5 tanneries, 1 rope fac, 1 distillery, 
1 glass cutting establishment, 7 flouring m., 41 
grist m., 17 saw m., 3 paper fac, 4 printing offices, 
3 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $307,950. 
1 college, 36 students, 8 acad. 429 students, 78 
sch. 3,670 scholars. Pop. 30,324. 

QuEENSBOROUGH, p-v., Anderson dist., S. C, 
113 w. N. w. Columbia, 529 W. 

QuEENSBURV, p-t., Warren co., N. Y., 57n. Al- 
bany, 429 W. The surface is undulating and 
hilly on the w. ; soil, sand and productive loam. 
Drained by Wood cr. on the n., and watered by 
Hudson r. on the s. It contains the v. of Glen's 
Falls. It has 25 stores, cap. $65,000 ; 1 fulling 
m., 1 tannery, 1 powder ra., 1 grist m., 9 saw m. 
(-"ap. in manufac. ,$8,600. 1 acad. 44 students, 22 
sch. 918 scholars. Pop. 3,798. 

QuEENSDALE, p-v., Robeson CO., N. C, 110 s. 
s. w. Raleigh, 4t)6 W. 

QuEENSTowN, p-v., Queen Anne co., Md., 26 
E. Annapolis, 66 W. Situated on the s. e. side 
of Chester bay. 

Queen's Grove, p-o., Switzerland co., la., 102 
s. e. Indianapolis, 538 W. 

Quii.LiNsviLLE, p-v., Scott CO., Va., 351 w. by 
N. Richmond, 419 VV. 

QuiNcY, p-t., Norfolk co., Mass., 9 s. by E. 
Boston, 449 W. The surface is diversified ; soil, 
fertile and well cultivated. It contains large 
tracts of salt meadow. Three ms. back from the 
bay is an elevated range, in some parts rising 
over 60i) feet above the sea, containing an inex- 
haustible supply of excellent granite, which is 
extensively exported. A railroad extends from 
the quarry, 3 ms., to tidewater on Neponset r., 
constructed in 18i6, and was the first work of the 
kind in the United States. First settled in 1625. 
Separated from Braintree and chartered in 1792. 
Some vessels are owned here, employed chiefly 
in the fisheries. It has 15 store.s, cap. $27,600; 
4 lumber yards, cap. $19,400 ; 2 tanneries, 1 print- 
ing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manu- 
fac $112,150. 8 acad. 137 students, 6 sch. 708 
scholars. Pop. 3,486. 

QuiNCY, p-t., Franklin co., Pa., 57 s. w. Har- 
risburg, 83 W. It has 7 stores, cap. $22,300 ; 1 
furnace, 3 forges, 2 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 6 
flouruig m., 2 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $22,500. 8 sch. 258 scholars. Population 
2,503. 



RAC 



556 



RAH 



QuixcY, p-v., Miami t., Logan co., O., 63 n. w. 
Columbus, 462 W. 

QuiNCY, p-t., Branch co., Midi., 104 vv. s. vv. 
Detroit, 533 W. Tiie soil is fertile, adapted to 
grain. It has 4 sch. 67 scholars. Pop. 49!. 

QuiNcY, p-v., capital of Gadsden co., Flor., 23 
N. w. Tallahassee, 873 W. Situated on the vv. 
side of Attapulgus or. Laid out in 1S23, and 
contains a court house, jail, 3 churches — 1 Pres- 
byterian, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Methodist — and about 
690 inhabitants. 

QuiNCY, p-v., Monroe co., Miss., 181 n. e. Jack- 
son, 912 W. 

QuiNCY, p-v., capital of Adams co.. 111., 104 s. 
Springfield, 884 W. Situated on a bluff, on the K. 
side of Mississippi r., 125 ms. above the mouth 
of Illinois r., by water, and contains a court house, 
which cost $20,000, 4 churches — 1 Congregation - 
alist, 1 Episcopal, 1 Methodist, and 1 Baptist — 25 
stores, a United States land office, a large steam 
flouring and saw m., a carding machine, about 
200 dwellings, and 1,500 inhabitants. The 
court house stands on a fine public square. There 
are about 300 steamboat arrivals annually ; and 



pork is annually exported to the amount of 
S 100,000. 

QuiNCY, p-v., Gibson co.,Tenn., 144 w. Nash- 
ville, 827 W. 

Quitman, p-v., capital of Clark co., Miss., 140 
E. by s. Jack.?on, 951 W. Situated on the e. side 
of Chickasawha r. It contains a court house, 2 
stores, and 75 inhabitants. 

QuiNNEBAUG, r., Ct., rises in Mashapaug pond, 
in Union, Ct., and passes into Brimfield, Mass., 
where it receives a considerable branch, whence 
it proceeds s. e. until it re-enters Conn. Its course 
is then .s. 30 miles, until it unites with the She- 
tucket, 3 ms. above Norwich city. It has falls 
which afford great water power. 

QuiNNipiAc, r., Ct., rises in Farmington, and 
pursues a .southerly course, 30 ms, when it enters 
New Haven harbor,where a long bridge crosses it. 

QuoGUE, p-v., Southampton t., Suffolk co., N. 
Y., 235 s. s. E. Albany, 315 W. Situated on the 
s. side of Long Island, and contains 1 Methodist 
church, 2 stores, and a number of scattered dwell- 
ings. It is much resorted to in the summer for 
sea air and the abundance of game in the vicinity. 



R. 



Raby, p-o., Lawrence co., O. 
Rabun, county, Ga. Situated in the n. e. part 
of the state, and contains 330 sq. ms. The Blue 
Ridge passes along its E. border. Drained by 
Turoree and Chatuga rivers, and their branches, 
which unite in the s. point of the co., to form 
Tugaloo r. It is an elevated table land. Capi- 
tal, Clayton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
2,790, sheep 2,024, swine 8,526; wheat 1,452 
bush, produced, rye 1,635, Ind. corn 62,521, oats 
13,151, potatoes 4,734, tobacco 3,208 pounds; 3 
stores, cap. $5,000; 1 tannery, 13 distilleries, 23 
grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,000. 4 
sch. 131 scholars. Pop. whites 1,823, slaves 81 ; 
total, 1,912. 

Racoon, t., Gallia co., O., 94 s. e. Columbus. 
Organized in 1806. Watered by Racoon cr. It 
has 5 stores, cap. $3,250 ; 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 
3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,200. Pop. 1,610. 
Racoon, island, p-o., Gallia co., O. 
Racoon, p-o.. Laurel co., Ky. 
Racoon, p-o.. Smith t., Washington co., Pa., 
220 w. Harrisburg, 245 W. 

Racoon Ford, p-o., Culpepper co., Va., 98 n. 
N. w. Richmond, 89 W. Situated on the bank 
of Rapid Ann r., 15 ms. above its entrance into 
the Rappahannock. 

Racine, county. Wis. Situated in the s. E. 
part of the ter., and contains 610 sq. ms. Lake 
Michigan lies on its e. border. Drained by Des 
Plaines, Fox, Pike, and Root rivers. The surface 
is undulating ; soil, very fertile. Capital, Racine. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,506, sheep 340, 
swine 6,459 ; wheat 36,099 bush, produced, Ind. 
corn 30,168, buckwheat 3,4S1, barley 1,796, oats 
41,028, potatoes 53,667, sugar 6,051 pounds; 2 
commission houses, cap. $2,500 ; 19 stores, cap. 
$83,950 ; 2 grist m., 13 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$24,837. 2 acad. 65 students, 20 sch. 607 scho- 
lars. Pop. 3,475. 

Racine, p-t., capital of Racine co.. Wis., 112 
E. by s. Madison, ISO W. Situated at tlie mouth 
of Root r., on Lake Michigan. It contains a court 
house, jail, 10 stores, and about 300 inhabitants. 
There are in the t. 2 acad. 63 students. Popu 
lation 500. 

Race, at the e. end of Long Island sound, be- 
tween Connecticut shore and Long Island. A 



reef of deeply sunken rocks, when the tide, which 
is here rapid, is flow/ing, gives an agitated appear- 
ance to the water. 

Racket, r., N. Y., rises in Hamilton co., and 
flows in a northerly direction through St. Law- 
rence CO., and falls into the St. Lawrence at the 
N. boundary of the state, opposite to the island of 
Cornwall, in (Canada. It originates in numerous 
lakes and ponds, and is 145 ms. long. 

Racket, r., p-o., Plymouth co., Mass. 

Radnor, p-t., Delaware co., O., 32 n. Colum- 
bus, 416 W. It is principally settled by emi- 
grants from Wales, and received its name from 
a place in that country. It has 5 sch. 150 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,174. 

Radnor, t., Delaware co., Pa., 13 n. w. Phila- 
delphia. Watered by Darby cr. It contains 3 
churches. It has 3 stores, cap. $10,000 ; 1 lum 
ber yard, cap. $5,000 ; 2 tanneries, 1 pottery, 4 
grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $15,000. 
3 sch. 122 scholars. Pop. 1,205. 

Ragdales Stand, p-o.. La Fayette co.. Miss., 
144 N. N. E. Jackson, 927 W. 

Ragged, mts., N. H., is a precipitous range 
about 10 ms. long, between Merrimac and Graf- 
ton counties, in some parts nearly 2,000 feet high. 

Ragged Island,!., Lincoln co.. Me. Pop. 17. 

Rahway, p-t., Essex co., N. J., 9 s. w. New- 
ark, 39 n. e. Trenton, 205 W. The surface is 
level ; soil, red shale, and well cultivated. 
Drained by Rahway r. and its tributaries. The 
V. is partly in Woodbridge t., Middlesex co., and 
partly in Rahway t., Essex co., on both sides of 
Rahway r., at the head of tide, 5 miles from its 
mouth. The v. is in 4 detached parts, and con- 
tains 6 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, 1 
Methodist, 2 Friends, (1 orthodox and 1 Hick- 
site,) and 1 African — the Athenian Academy, 
with a building 6S feet long and 36 wide, 2 
stones high, the Rahway Female Institute, a 
bank and insurance office, 30 stores, a large saw 
m., about 400 dwellings, and 2,000 inhabitants 
The railroad from Jersey City to Philadelphia 
passes through the place. There are in the t. 10 
stores, cap. $21,100; 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 1 
paper fac, 14 flouring m., 4 grist m., 5 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $355,525. 1 acad. 41 students, 
7 sch. 244 scholars. Pop. 2,533. 



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Raibonf.'s Creek, p-o., Laurens dist., S. C, 
78 w. N. w Columbus. 

Rail Roads. An account of these will be 
found under the .states in which they are located. 

Rail Road !Plain,s, p-o., White co., Tenn., 
105 E. Nashville, 57G W. 

Rainesburg,p-v., Bedford co.. Pa., l]3w.Har- 
risbnrg, 129 W. It contains 2 stores and about 
25 dwellings. 

Raine's Store, p-o., Twiggs co., Ga., 35 s. 
Milledgeville,683 W. 

Raine's Tavern, p-o., Cumberland co., Va., 
65 w. Richmond, 155 W. 

Rainsboro', p-v.. Paint t.. Highland co., O., 77 
s. w. Columbus, 432 W. 

Rainsville, p-v., Warren co., la., 90 n. w. 
Indianapolis, 651 W. 

Raisin, r., Mich., rises in Wheatland t., Hills- 
dale CO., and after a very winding course of 130 
ms., it enters Lake Erie, 2i ms. below Monroe. 
The distance from its source to its moutli, in a 
direct line, is about 60 miles. It has high and 
beautiful banks, a rapid current, and affords very 
extensive water power. Its name was derived 
from the numerous grape vines which formerly 
lined its banks. 

Raisin, p-t., Lenawee co., Mich. Watered by 
Raisin r. The .soil is fertile, and well adapted 
to grain. It has 1 distillery, 1 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. .$5,000. 1 acad. 27 students, 6 sch. 285 
scholars. Pop. 1,117. 

Raisinville, t., Monroe co., Mich. It has a 
fertile soil, adapted to grain. Drained by Raisin 
r. It has 1 paper fac, 2 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
far. $37,000. 3 sch. 70 scholars. Pop. 683. 

Raleigh, city. Wake co., N. C, and capital of 
the state, is pleasantly situated, a few miles w. 
of Neuse r., 27 n. w. Smithfield, the nearest ordi- 
nary point of navigation, 123 n. w. Newbern, 60 
N. Fayetteville, 164 s. s. w. Richmond, Va., 288 
W.— 35° 47' N. lat. and 78'' 48' w. Ion. It has an 
elevated and pleasant situation in a healthy coun- 
try, and is laid out with great regularity. In the 
centre of the place is Union square, containing 
10 acres, from which extend 4 streets, dividing it 
into 4 quarters. In the centres of these quarters 
are 4 other squares, of 4 acres each. The 4 
largest streets are 99 feet wide, and the others 66. 
The state house is a superb granite edifice, 166 
feet long, 90 feet wide, and surrounded by mas- 
sive granite columns, 5i feet in diameter, and 30 
feet high. It is after the model of the Parthenon 
at Athens. It has a splendid dome, and exten- 
sive legislative and other apartments, and cost 
$500,0!tO. The other public buildings are a 
court house, jail, governors house, secretary of 
state's ortice, a theatre, a market, 2 banks, 5 
churches — I Episcopal, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Bap- 
tist, 1 Methodist, and 1 Roman Catholic — and 400 
dwellings. There were in 1840, 43 stores, cap. 
$191,200 ; 4 printing offices, 2 binderies, 5 week- 
ly and 1 semi-weekly newspapers. Cap. in 
manufac. $36,800 ; 4 acad. 95 students, 2 .sch. 
33 scholars. Pop. 2,244. The former state 
house, containing a beautiful marble statue of 
Washington, by Canova, was burned in 1831. 

Raleigh, p-v., capital of Shelby co., Tenn., 
220 w. s. w. Nashville, 905 W. Situated on the 
N. side of Wolf r., and contains a court house, jail, 
4 stores, and about 250 inhabitants. 

Raleigh, p-v., capital of Smith co.. Miss., 87 
E. s. e. Jackson, 992 W. Situated on a branch 
of Leaf r. It contains a court hotise and about 
50 inhabitants. 

Ralls, county, Mo. Situated toward the n. 
E. part of the state, and contains 470 sq. ms. The 
surface is undulating ; soil, fertile. Drained by 



Salt r. and its branches. Capital, New London. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,4iO, sheep 
6,344, swine 17,245 ; wheat 23,954 bushels pro- 
duced, rye 1,.524, Ind. corn 240,225, oats 34,148, 
potatoes 9,366, tobacco 97,119 pounds; sugar 
10,984; 9 stores, cap. $48,100; 4 tanneries, 7 dis- 
tilleries, 1 flouring m., 15 gri.st m., 11 saw m., 1 
oil m. Cap. in manufac. $33,960. 1 acad. 38 
students, 9 sch. 243 scholars. Pop. whites 
5,450, slaves 1,209, free col'd 11 ; total, 5,670. 

Ralston, p-o., Lycoming co., Pa., 115 n. Har- 
risburg, 225 W. 

Ramah, p-o., Wilkinson co., Ga. 

Ramapo, r., N. Y., rises in Orange co., and flows 
in a southerly direction through a part of Rock- 
land CO. into New Jersey, where it empties into 
the Passaic r. It affords good water power. 

Ramapo, t., Rockland co., N. Y., 8 w. New 
City v., 132 s. Albany. The surface is hilly and 
mountainous; soil, productive in the valleys. 
Drained by Ramapo and Saddle rivers, branches 
of the Passaic. The New York and Erie rail- 
road passes through the t. It has 8 stores, cap. 
$25,000 ; 2 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 
516 sp., 1 tannery, 2 distilleries, 5 grist m., 2 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $17,250. 8 sch. 315 schol- 
ars. Pop. 3,222. 

Ramapo Works, p-v., Ramapo t., Rockland 
CO., N. Y., 113 s. by w. Albany, 265 W. Situ- 
ated on Ramapo r., which affords water power. 
It contaiits 1 church, 1 store, 1 saw m., 1 grist m., 
1 cotton fac, 1 iron foundry, 1 rolling m., 1 nail 
fac, 1 screw fac, and about 60 dwellings, chiefly 
inhabited by persons engaged in manulactories. 

Ramsaysburg, p-v., Knowlton t., Warren co., 
N. J., 61 N. by w. Trenton, 216 W. Situated on 
the e. bank of Delaware r., and contains an Epis- 
copal church, 1 store, and 10 or 12 dwellings. 

Ramsey's Mills, p-o., Jefferson co., la., 86 s. 
s. E. Indianapolis, 569 W. 

Ramsborough, p-v., Guilford co., N. C, 95 
w. N. w. Raleigh, 290 W. 

Ranaleburg, p-v., Mecklenburg co., N. C, 
174 s. w. Raleigh, 413 W. 

Rancocus, cr., N. J., rises in Monmouth co., 
and flows northwestwardly into Delaware r. 

Rancocus, p-o., Burlington co., N. J. 

Randallstown, p-v., Baltimore co., Md., 40 
n. Annapolis, 50 W. 

Randallsville, p-v., Robeson co., N. C, 85 
s. s. w. Raleigh, 373 W. Situated on a branch 
of Lumber r. In the vicinity is Floral College, an 
institution for young ladies. It contains 3 teach- 
ers and about 60 pupils. 

Randolph, county, Va. Situated toward the 
N. w. part of the state, and contains 2,060 sq. ms. 
Laurel and Cheat mountains run through the co., 
from s. to N., inclining to the e. Drained by 
Cheat r. and its branches, on the e. side of the 
mountains, and by branches of East Fork on the 
w. side, all of which constitute head branches of 
Monongahela r. Capital, Beverly. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 10,166, sheep 13,818, swine 
9,349; wheat 27,212 bushels produced, rye 6,861, 
Ind. corn 151.009, buckwheat 5,039, oats 86,784, 
potatoes 29,732, tobacco 7,2S0 pounds, sugar 
81,240; 10 sU)res, cap. $65,500; 5 tanneries, 10 
distilleries, 42 grist m., 23 saw m. Cap. in man- 
u'ac. $27,259. 5 sch. 108 scholars. Pop. whites 
5,799, slaves 216, free col'd 193 ; total, 6,208. 

Randolph, county, N. C. Situated a little 
E. of the centre of the state, and contains 900 sq. 
ms. Drained by Deep cr. and its branches, and 
by branches of Yadkin r. The surface is diver- 
sified; soil, fertile. Capital, Ashboro". There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 10,111, sheep 13,962, 
swine 25,529; wheat 78,095 bushels produced. 



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558 



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rye 1,952, Ind. corn 295,h28. oais 47,671, potatoes 
9,607, tobacco 80,790 pounds, cot'on 81,533 ; 23 
stores, cap. $47,3:10; 2 cotton fac. 1,156 sp., 16 
tanneries, 40 distilleries, 2 potteries, 24 flouring 
m., 27 grist m., 33 saw m., 1 printing oflice, 1 
periodical and 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in 
manufac. $151,189. 2 acad. 65 student.s, 2 sch. 
32 scholars. Pop. whites 11,107, slaves 1,407, 
free col'd 361 ; total, 12,875. 

Randolph, county, Ga. Situated toward the 
s. w. part of the state, and contains 620 sq. miles. 
Chattahoochee r. runs on its w. border, and re- 
ceives Petawlah cr. Drained also by branches 
of Flint r. Organized in 1828. Capital, Cuih- 
bert. Tliere were in 1810, neat cattle 4,834, 
sheep 327, swine 5,947 ; wheat 1,276 bushels 
produced, Ind. corn 63,740, oats 2,301, potatoes 
6,513, cotton 327,067 pounds; 4 .stores, cap. 
$H,100; 2 grist m., 1 saw m., 3 sch. 97 scholars. 
Pop. whites 5,586, slaves 2,679, free col'd 1 1 ; 
total, 8,276. 

Randolph, county, Ala. Situated in the e. 
part of the state, and contains 875 sq. ms. Drain- 
ed by Tallapoosa r. and Little Tallapoosa r., and 
their branches. Capital, McDonald. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 3S,234, sheep 3,356, 
swine 19,710 ; wheat 13,426 bushels produced, 
Ind. corn 918,997, oats 5,031, potatoes 21,541, to- 
bacco 2,239 pounds, cotton 240,540 ; 11 grist m., 5 
saw m., 3 sch. 302 scholars. Pop. whites 4,446, 
slaves 526, free col'd 1 ; total, 4,973. 

R.\NDOLPH, county, la. Situated in the K. 
part of the state, and contains 440 sq. miles. 
Drained by the w. fork of White r., and by Mis- 
sisinewa r. and their branches. 'I'he surface is un- 
dulating; soil, very fertile. Organized in 1818. 
Capital, Winchester. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 8,564, sheep 11,444, swine 27,341 ; wheat 
63,639 bushels produced, rye 2,626, Ind. corn 
401,291, oats 115,J^46, potatoes 25,893, tobacco 
8,325 pounds, sugar 167,782 ; 17 stores, cap. 
$27,800; 8 tanneries, 1 distillery, 2flouring m., 17 
grist m., 20 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,080. 
25 sch. 610 scholars. Pop. 10,6S4. 

Randolph, county, 111. Situated in the s. w. 
part of the state, and contains 540 square miles. 
Drained by Kaskaskia r. and its branches, and 
St. Mary, Horse, and smaller creeks, all of 
which flow into the Mississippi, which bounds it 
on the !3. w. The surface and the soil are various. 
It is the oldest county in the state, excepting St. 
Clair. Capital, Kaskaskia. There were in 
1840, neat cattle, 1(5,847, sheep 7,688, swine 
25,338 ; wheat 56,792 bushels produced, rye 
1,042, Indian corn 301,342, oats 76,051, potatoes 
18,177, tobacco 11, 174 pounds, cotton 5,776, sugar 
719; 10 commission houses, cap. $51,000; 32 
stores, cap. $78,820; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 
6 tanneries, 4 distilleries, 6 flouring m., 8 grist m., 
11 saw m., 2 printing offices. 2 weekly newspa- 
pers. Cap. in manufac. $89,150. 1 college 50 
students, 1 acad. 25 students, 14 sch. 403 schol- 
ars. Pop. 7,944. 

Randolph, countj', Mo. Situated n. of the 
centre of the state, and contains 450 square ms. 
Drained by the e. fork of Chariton r., and by Sil- 
ver cr., which flow into the Missouri. The sur- 
face is level ; soil, fertile. Capital, Huntsville. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 9,369, sheep 9,443, 
swine 24,433 ; wheat 13,693 bush, produced, Ind. 
com 371,875, oats 77,172, potatoes 13,187, tobac- 
co 841,204 pounds, sugar 9,067 ; 20 stores, capital 
$83,300; 4 tanneries, 10 distilleries, 15 grist m., 
8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $49,218. 25 sch. 
655 scholars. Pop. whiles 5,749, slaves 1,437, 
free col'd 12 ; total, 7,198. 

Randolph, county, Ark. Situated in the n. 



E. part of the state, and contains 820 square ms. 
Drained by head branches of Big Black r. Cap- 
ital, Pocahontas. There were in 1840, neat cat- 
tle 4,174, sheep 2,586, swine 12,454 ; wheat 5,S43 
bush, produced, Ind. corn 86,170, oats 9,940, po- 
tatoes 5,761, tobacco 3,150 pounds, cotton 8,156 ; 

6 stores, cap. .'ili3,950 ; 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 
8 distilleries, 9 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. ,§7,655. 25 schools 655 scholars. Pop. 
whites 1 ,973, slaves216, free colored 7; total, 2,196. 

Ra.ndolph, p-t., Coos CO., N. H., 99 n. Con- 
cord, 582 W. Situated immediately n. of the 
White mountains. Chartered in 1772. Drained 
by the s. branch of Ammonoosuc r., and by a 
head branch of Israel's r. It contains some good 
soil. It has I saw m. Cap. in manufac. $400. 
3 sch. 35 scholars. Pop. 115. 

Randolph, p-t,. Orange co., Vt., 23 s. Montpe- 
lier, 498 W. Tiie surface is elevated, and not 
much broken; soil, fertile, and well cultivated. 
Drained by the second and third branches of 
White r., which afford water power. The v. oc- 
cupies a high and commanding situation, and 
contains a Congregational church, a flourishing 
academy, several stores, and a considerable num- 
ber of handsome dwellings. There are in the t, 

7 stores, capital $17,000; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen 
fac, 4 tanneries, 3 grist m., 10 saw m., 1 oil m. 
Cap. in manufac. $33,325. 1 acad. 181 students, 
21 sch. 915 scholars. Pop. 2,678. 

Randolph, p-t., Norfolk co., Mass., 16 s. Bos- 
ton, 444 W. The surface is undulating ; soil, 
strong, and productive. Drained by Mantiquotr., 
which affords water power. A considerable pond 
lies on its n. w. border. Incorporated from Brain- 
tree in 1793. The v. is on an extended street, 
and contains a Congregational and a Baptist 
church, a number of stores, and about 100 dwell- 
ings. Two ms. E. is a v. which contains a Con- 
gregational and a Baptist church, and about 60 
dwellings. There is a bank and a third Baptist 
church in the t. There are in the t. 20 stores, 
capital $96,400 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 4 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac $235,985. 1 acad. 90 students, 
1 1 sch. 820 scholars. Pop. 3,213. 

Randolph, p-t., Cattaraugus co., N. Y., 313 w. 
by s. Albany, 336 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, 
well adapted to grazing. Drained by Alleghany 
r. and its tributaries. The v. contains 1 church, 
3 stores, 1 grist m., and several saw m., on Little 
Connewango cr., 35 dwellings, and about 250 in- 
habitants. There are in the t. 5 stores, capital 
$31,500; 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 13 saw m. ('ap. 
in manuf. $292,200. 7 sch. 246 scholars. Pop. 1,283. 

Randolph, t., Crawford co.. Pa., 12 e. Mead- 
ville. It has 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,400, 
Pop. 1,040. 

Randolph, t., Morris co., N. J., 7 n. w. Mor- 
ristown. The surface is mountainous, Schooley's 
mountain occupying its n. part, and Trowbridge 
mountain crossing the s. part. Drained by Den's 
branch of Rockaway r. and the sources of Black 
r. It contains a mine of magnetic iron ore, of an 
excellent quality, which is extensively wrought. 
It has 7 stores, capital $20,400; 1 fulling m., 1 
woollen fac, 1 furnace, 1 forge, 2 tanneries, 7 
distilleries, 1 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $19,570. 7 sch. 267 scholars. Pop. 1,801. 

Randolph, p-v., Madison co., Tenn., 201 w. s. 
w. Nashville, 884 W. 

Randolph, p-t.. Portage co., O., 139 n. e. Co- 
lumbus, 315 W. It has 8 sch. 435 scholars. Pop, 
1,619. 

Randolph, p-o., Bibb co., Ala., 52 s, e. Tus- 
caloosa, 819 W. 

Randolph, p-o., Natchitoches par.. La., 388 N. 
w. by w. New Orleans, 1,307 W, 



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Randolph, p-v., Randolph cc, la., 83 e. n. e. 
Indianapolie, 499 W. 

Randolph's Store, p-c, McLean cc, 111., 76 
N. E. Springfield, 751 W. 

Range, t., j>Iadison co., O. It contains Midway 
V. It has 2 stores, cap. $2,300 ; I tannery. Cap. 
in manufac. $800. 7 sch. 324 scholars. Pop. 820. 

Rankl^i, county, Miss. Situated a little s. ol' 
the centre of the state, and contains 800 sq. rns. 
Pearl river bounds it on the w., by branches of 
which it is drained. The surface is covered ex- 
tensively by a pine forest. Capital, Brandon. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,379, sheep 1,282, 
swine 25,797 ; Ind. corn 176,520 bush, produced, 
oats 9,412, potatoes, 25,125, rice 18,920 pounds, 
cotton 1,356,400; 8 stores. Pop. whites 2,777, 
slaves 1,851, free col'd 3 ; total, 4,631. 

Ransom".s Bridge, p-o., Nash co., N. C, 56 e. 
Raleigh, 282 W. 

Ransomville, p-o.. Porter t., Niagara co., N. 
Y., 290 w. by n. Albany, 416 W. 

Rapjioe, t., Lancaster co., Pa., 12 n. w. Lan- 
caster. Great Chiques or. bounds it on the e. 
and s. E., and Little Chiques on the w., uniting 
at the s. w. angle of the t. The surface is roll- 
ing; soil, calcareous loam, gravel, and sand. It 
has 12 stores, cap. $36,900; 3 fulling ra., 2 fur- 
naces, 2 tanneries, 4 distilleries, 2 flouring m., 8 
grist m., 5 saw m. Capital in manufac. $28,500. 
16 sch. 638 scholars. Pop. 3,557. 

Rapid Ann, r.. Va., rises in the Blue Ridge, in 
Madison co., and joins the Rappahannock 10 ms. 
above Fredericksburg. 

Rapid Ann, p o., Madison co., Va., 104 n. w. 
Richmond, l(/5 W. 

Rapides, parish. La. Situated near the centre 
of the state, and contains 600 sq. ms. Drained 
by Red r. and its branches, and by Boeuf and 
Crocodile bayous. The soil is fertile on the 
streams, but rnucli of it is a sterile pine forest. 
Some part of it is liable to inundation when the 
rivers are high. Capital, Alexandria. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 19,706, sheep 4,350, 
swine 31,065 ; Ind. corn 456,850 bush, produced, 
oats 3,043, potatoes 44,752, cotton 16,527,810 
pounds ; 25 stores, capital $231,350 ; 9 saw m., 2 
printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in 
manufac. $79,350. 1 college 29 students, 4 acad. 
136 students. Pop. whites 3,243, slaves 10,511, 
free col'd 370; total, 14,132. 

Rapids, p-o.. Portage co., O., 157 n. e. Colum- 
bus, 320 W. 

Rappahannock, r.,Va., rises in the Blue Ridge, 
and flowing a s. e. course 130 ms. enters Chesa- 
peake bay by a large estuary, 25 miles .s. of the 
mouth of the Potomac r. It has 4 fathoms of 
water to Hobbs' Hole, and is navigable for ves- 
sels requiring 10 feet of water 110 ms. to Fred- 
ericksburg. 

Rappahannock, county, Va. Situated toward 
the N. E. part of the state, and contains 100 square 
ms. Drained by head branches of Rappahannock 
r. Capital, Washington. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 9,257, sheep 13,195, swine 18,480; 
wheat 179,850 bush, produced, Ind. corn 309,950, 
buckwheat 4,784, oats 93,794, potatoes 24,274, 
tobacco 4,900 pounds; 15 stores, cap. $93,200 ; 3 
tanneries, 20 flouring m., 38 grist m., 32 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $34,700. 3 acad. 49 students, 
15 sell. 453 scholars. Pop. whites 5,307, slaves 
3,663, free cold 287; total, 9,257. 

Rappahannock Acade.mv, p o., Carohne co., 
Va., 79 N. by e. Richmond, 73 W. 

Raritan Bay, N. .1., lies between Sandy Hook 
on the s. e., Staten island on the n., and Mon- 
mouth CO. on the s. It terminates at Amboy on 
the vv., to which it has 2i fathoms of water. 



Raritan, r., N. J., is formed of 2 branches, 
which unite in Somerset co., and enters Raritan 
bay at Amboy. Sloops of 80 tons ascend the r. 
17 ms. to Brunswick, with 8 leet of water. Steam- 
boats run daily from New Brunswick to New 
York. 

Raritan, t., Hunterdon co., N. J., 20 n. Tren- 
ton. Drained by branches of Raritan r. It ha.s 

9 stores, cap. $30,300 ; 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 1 
pottery, 2 printing offices, 2 vveekly newspapers, 
4 grist m., 4 saw m., 1 oil ni. Cap. in manufac. 
$14,400. 15 sch. 351 scholars. Pop. 2,510. 

Rathbunville, p-o., Addison t., Steuben co., 
N. Y., 233 w. by s. Albany, 298 W. 

Raubsville, po., Northampton co., Pa., 110 
E. .N. e. Harrisburg, 197 W. 

Ravenna, p-t., capital of Portage co., O., 140 
N. E. Columbus, 319 W. Watered by a head 
branch of Beaver cr., which flows ultimately to 
the Gulf of Mexico, and by a branch of Cuya- 
hoga r., which flows into Lake Erie, both of 
which afford water power. The v. is pleasantly 
situated on a plain, near the branch of the Cuya- 
hoga r., and contains an elegant court house, of 
stone, a jail, a female seminary, 3 churches, 8 or 

10 stores, and many handsome dwellings. The 
streets cross each other at right angles, and the 
court house stands on a public sguare. The 
Pennsylvania and Ohio canal passes through the 
s. part of the v., and affords water power, and 
great facilities for business. There are in the t. 

9 sch. 371 scholars. Pop. 1,542. 
Ravenswood, p-o., Jackson co., Va., 367 w. 

N. w. Richmond, 339 W. 

R.vvENswooD, v., Newtown t.. Queens co., N. 
Y. Situated on the East r., opposite to Black- 
well's island. It contains about 20 dwellings 
and 125 inhabitants. Steamboats from New 
York stop here daily several times. 

Rawlingsuurg, p-v., Rockingham co., N. C, 
103 N. vv. Raleigh, 268 W. 

Rawlingsville, p-v., De Kalb co., Ala., 153 
N. E. Tuscaloosa, 661 W. 

Ravv.sonville, v., Broadalbin t., Fulton co., 
N. Y. Situated on Fonda's Bush creek, and con- 
tains 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, and 
1 Methodist — 5 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw ra., 1 
fulling m., 1 furnace, 1 paper m., 2 tanneries, 60 
dwellings, and about 400 inhabitants. 

Rawsonvili.e, p-v., Washtenaw co., Mich., 
36 w. Detroit, 522 W. 

Ravvley's Springs, a watering place, Rock- 
ingham CO., Va. Situated 12 miles n. w. of Har- 
risonburg, on Dry r. There are accommodations 
for from 60 to 100 persons in the summer season. 

Ray, county, 3Io. Situated toward the n. w. 
part of the state, and contains 570 square miles. 
Drained by Crooked r. and Fishing cr., which 
flow into the Missouri, which bounds it on the s. 
Capital, Richmond. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 7,925, sheep 6,702, swine 25,909; wheat 
15,234 bush, produced, Indian com 271,000, oats 
65,793, potatoes 45,600, tobacco 61,700 pounds ; 
15 stores, cap. ,$62,000; 2 tanneries, 4 distilleries, 
8 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $38,050. 

10 sch. 206 scholars. Pop. whites 4,714, slaves 
831, free col'd 5 ; total, 6,553. 

Ray, p-t., Macomb co., Mich., 37 n. e. Detroit, 
562 W. The soil is fertile, adapted to grain. 
It has 10 sch. 298 scholars. Pop. 805. 

Rayburn's, p-o., Panola co., Aliss. 

Raymertown, p-o., Pittstown t., Rensselaer 
CO., N. Y., 21 N. e. Albany, 339 W. 

Raymond, p-t., Cumberland co.. Me., 59 s. w. 
Augusta, 56 1 W. Sebago pond lies on its s. w. 
border. There is another large pond on its s. E. 
part, and a considerable pond in its n. w. part, 



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both of which have outlets entering Sebago 
pond. Incorporated in 1803. It has 1 tannery, 
3 grist m., 4 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $5,500. 
19 sch. 488 scholars. Pop. 2,032. 

Raymond, p-t., Rockingham co., N. H., 24 e. s. 
E. Concord, 472 W. Watered by Lamprey r. 
and its branches. Incorporated in 1765. The 
soil on tlie streams is productive. It has 9 sch. 
303 scholars. Pop. 989. 

Raymo.nd, p-v., capital of Hinds co., Miss., 18 
w. Jackson, 1,023 W. Situated on a small 
branch of Pearl r., and contains a court house, 
several neat dwellings, and about 400 inhabit- 
ants. 

Raymond, p-v., Clarke co.. Ark., 66 s. w. Lit- 
tle Rock, 1,131 W. 

Raymond's, p-o., Union co., O., 66 n. w. Co- 
lumbus, 456 W. 

Raymond's Mills, p-o., Venango co.. Pa., 218 
w. N. w. Harrisburg, 292 W. 

Raymondsville, p-o., St. Lawrence co., N. 
Y., 246 N. N. w. Albany, 516 W. 

Raynham, t., Bristol co., Mass. First settled 
in 1650, chartered in 1731, having before been a 
part of Taunton. The surface is level ; soil, 
light. Watered by Taunton r. on its s. border, 
which afTords water power. The first forge in 
America was erected in this t. in 1652, and iron 
is now manufactured. It contains 3 churches — 
I Congregational, 1 Unitarian, and 1 Baptist. It 
has 2 stores, cap. $4,000 ; 1 furnace, 1 forge, 1 
tannery, 5 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$27,828. 7 sch. 353 scholars. Pop. 1,329. 

Raynortown, v., Hempstead t.. Queens co., 
N. Y. Situated near Hempstead bay, and con- 
tains 1 Presbyterian church, 2 grist m., 1 saw m., 
30 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. 

Ray's Hill, p-o., Bedford co., Pa., 86 w. Har- 
risburg, 1 12 W. 

Raytown, p-v., Taliaferro co., Ga., 61 n. e. 
Milledgeville, 612 W. 

Raywick, p-o., Marion co., Ky., 69 s. s. w. 
Frankfort, 591 W. 

Readfield, p-t., Kennebec co.. Me., 12 w. 
Augusta, 604 W. A large pond in the s. part 
lies partly in Winthrop, and it has a considerable 
pond in its w. part, both of which flow through 
other ponds into Cobbcsseconte r., and through 
that into the Kennebec r. It is a fine farming t. 
with a fertile soil. The " Maine Wesleyan 
Seminary," incorporated in 1822, is located here. 
It has 7 stores, cap. $12,800; 1 fulling m., 1 
woollen fac, 3 tanneries, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 
oil m. Cap. in manufac. $6,125. 2 acad. 320 
students, 12 sch. 700 scholars. Pop. 2,037. 

Readfield, t., Oswego co., N. Y., 15 e. Pu- 
laski, 131 Albany. The surface is undulating; 
soil, moist loam, well adapted to grass. Drained 
by Salmon r. and its tributaries. It has 1 fur- 
nace, 1 tannery, 1 paper fac, 2 printing offices, 

1 bindery, 1 weekly newspaper, 1 grist m., 4 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $23,700. 5 sch. 135 schol- 
ars. Pop. 507. 

Reading, pt., Windsor co., Vt., 61 s. Mont- 
pelier, 478 W. The surface is elevated, uneven 
and mountainous ; soil, well adapted to grazing. 
Watered by branches of Queechee and Black 
rivers, and by Mill r. It has 5 stores, cap. 
$16,000; 4 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 

2 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $18,905. 
15 sch. 403 scholars. Pop. 1,336. 

Reading, p-t., Middlesex co., Mass., 12 n. 
Boston, 452 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, 
generally fertile. Drained by Ipswich r. In- 
corporated in 1644. The v. contains 1 Congre- 
gational and I Unitarian church, several stores, 
and about 30 dwellings, la llie n. part of the 



t. is another Congregational, and a Baptist 
church. It has considerable manufactures of 
boots, shoes, cabinet ware and chairs. It has 12 
stores, cap. $21,150; 4 forges, 4 grist m., 3 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac $70,475. 1 acad. 71 stu- 
dents, 9 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 2,193. 

Reading, p-t., Fairfield co., Ct., 15 n. w. Bridge- 
port, 79 s. w. Hartford, 284 W. The surface is di- 
versified with hills and valleys ; soil, generally fer- 
tile. Watered by Saugatuck and Norvvalk rivers. 
It contains 4 churches — 1 Episcopal, 1 Methodist, 

1 Congregational, and 1 Baptist. There is a town 
house near the centre, where are the Congre- 
gational and Methodist churches. Joel Barlow, 
LL. D., was born here in 1755. It has 6 stores, 
cap. $32,600; 1 tannery, 5 grist m., 7 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $34,220. 1 acad. 9 students, 
9 sch. 259 scholars. Pop. 1,674. 

Reading, p-t., Steuben co., N. Y., 21 e. Bath, 
194 w. by s. Albany, 305 W. The surface is ele- 
vated and rolling ; soil, clay and calcareous loam, 
well adapted to wheat. Seneca lake bounds it 
on the e., into which a few small streams flow, 
by which it is drained. It has 5 stores, cap. 
$14,000 ; 2 tanneries, 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$1,050. 13 sch. 564 scholars. Pop. 1,541. 

Reading, p-b., capital of Berks co.. Pa., 57 n. 
w. Philadelphia, 52 e. Harrisburg, 145 W. Situ- 
ated on the E. bank of Schuylkill r., 1 m. below 
the mouth of Tulpehocken cr. Laid out in 1748, 
by Thomas and Richard Penn, proprietaries and 
governors of the province. The streets are spa- 
cious and straight, crossing each other at right 
angles, 5 running e. and w. and 9 n. and s. 
There is a square in the centre, on which stands 
a splendid court house, 200 feet long by 220 
deep, and cost $59,000. There are also public 
offices, a jail, 3 iDanks, an academy, 3 public li- 
braries, 1 in German, a female seminary, 12 
churches — 1 Lutheran, 1 German Reformed, 1 
Episcopal, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, 1 Metho- 
dist, 1 Friends, 1 Universalist, 1 Roman Catholic, 
and 3 African — and about 1,365 dwellings. 
Fifty-five thousand dozens of hats are manufac- 
tured annually, for the southern and western 
markets. Seven weekly newsjiapers are issued, 

2 of them in German, one of which last has been 
published for 40 years, with a large circulation. 
A rolling m. can roll 3,500 tons of bar iron, and 
1,500 tons of nails can be manufactured annually. 
The fires are exclusively of anthracite coal. 
White wines of an excellent quality are made to 
the amount of 100 barrels annually Two fine 
covered bridges cross the Schuylkill, here 600 
foet wide, one of which cost $60,000. The 
Schuylkill and Union canal meet here, and the 
Philadelphia and Reading railroad passes through 
the place. It is abundantly supplied with spring 
water in pipes. Iron ore and limestone are found 
in the vicinity. It had in 1840, 23 stores, cap. 
$161,600 ; 3 lumber yards, cap. $60,000 ; 1 forge, 

3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 2 breweries, 1 pottery, 1 
prhiting office, 5 weekly newspapers, 2 grist m. 
Cap. in manufac. $66,750. Pop. 8,410. 

Reading, t., Adams co.. Pa., 13 N.Gettysburg. 
The surface is level ; soil, red shale and slate. 
Drained by Conewago cr. and Muddy run, a 
branch of Bermudian cr. It contains the v. of 
Berlin, on Conewago cr. It has 2 stores, cap. 
,$1,000; 1 tannery, 2 potteries. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $5,450. 3 sch. 100 scholars. Pop. 1,026. 

Reading, p-v.. Sycamore t., Hamilton co., O., 
9 n. C^incinnati, 105 s. w. by w. Columbus, 489 
W. Situated 1 m. w. of the Miami canal, at 
Reading Locks. 

Reading, t.. Perry co., O. It contains Somer- 
set v., the capital of the co., and New Reading 



RED 



561 



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and Perry villages. It has 1 store, cap. !53,(K)0 ; 

2 tanneries, 1 pollery, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $7,oOO. 1 sch. 74 scholars. Pop. 193. 

Rkading, p t., Hillsdale co., Mich., 108 w. s. 
w. Detroit, 544 W. The soil is fertile, adapted 
to grain. Drained by Little St. Joseph's r. It has 
4 sch. 78 scholars. Pop. 331. 

Re.^ding Ridge, p-v., Reading t., Fairfield co., 
Ct., 66 s. w. Hartford, 284 W. Situated in the 
K. part of the t., and contains an Episcopal church, 
and a number of dwellings. 

Reading Town House, p-v., Reading t., Fair- 
field CO., Ct., 68 s. \v. Hartford, 286 W. Situated 
near the centre of the, t., and contains a town 
house, 2 churches, and a few dwellings. 

Readington, p-t., Hunterdon co., N. J., 8 n. 
E. Flemington. The surface is hilly, excepting 
in the s. E., where it is level ; soil, red shale, 
clay, and loam. Drained by llockaviay cr. and 
ils branches, and by the s. branch of Raritan r. 
It contains White House and Pottcrstown vil- 
lages. It has y stores, cap. §17,100; 3 tanneries, 

3 distilleries, 6 grist m., 5 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. 
in manufac. $2,825. 11 sch, 306sclil's. Pop. 2,373^ 

Readyville, p-v., Rutherford co., Tenn,, 47 
s. E. Na.shville, 652 W. Situated on a branch of 
Cumberland r. 

Reamsville, p-v., Cocalico t., Lancaster co., 
Pa., 42 e. s. e. Harrisburg, 131 W. it contains 
several stores, and about 40 dwellings. 

Rebecca Fukxace. p-o., Boiteiourt co., Va., 
171 w. Richmond, 218 W. Situated on a branch 
of James r., 3^ ms. from it, which is navigable 
thus far for boats of from 4 to 7 tons. The fur- 
nace here employs 150 persons, more than half 
of whom are blacks. There is a wiiite sulphur 
spring in the vicinity. 

Redersburg, p-v.. Miles t., Centre co., Pa., 93 
N. w. Harrisburg, 184 VV. It contains a store, 
and about 20 dwellings. 

Recklesstow.n, p-v., Chesterfield t., Burling- 
ton CO., N. J., 10 S.Trenton, 171 W. It contains 
u store, and about 12 dwellings. 

Rector.s Crcss Roads, p-o., Fauquier co., 
Va., 130 N. by w. Richmond, 51 W. 

Rectortown, p-v., Fauquier co., Va., 122 n. 
by w. Richmond, 59 VV. Situated 1 m. s. e. of 
Goose cr., and contains 1 Melhoilist church, 2 
stores, 3 flouring m., 1 saw m., 1 carding machine, 
24 dwellings, and about 100 inhabitants. 

Red Bank, p-v., Shrewsbury t., Monmouth 
CO., N. J., 46 E. Trenton. Situated on the s. 
bank of Neversink r., and contains 5 stores, and 
about 100 dwellings. A steamboat runs between 
it and New York in the summer season ; and 
many persons resort here for sea air, fisiiing, and 
rural sports, and find accommodation in the 
houses of the respectable farmers. A bridge 
300 feet long crosses tlie r. at this place. 

Red Bank, p-t.. Clarion co., Pa., 190 w. N. w. 
Harrisburg, 256 \V. The surface is rolling: 
soil, loam. Drained by Red Bank. Mahoning 
and Beaver creeks. Alum is lour.d in the t. 
It has 6 stores, cap. $8,400 ; 1 distillery, 1 pot- 
tery, 5 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. 810,190. 24 sch. 836 scholars. Pop. 3,078. 

Red Bank, p-o., Colleton dist., S. C, 88 Co- 
lumbia, 594 W. 

Red Banks, p-o., Shenandoah co., Va., 150 n. 
w. Richmond, 113 W. 

Red Bluff, p-o., Wythe co., Va., 255 w. by 
s. Richmond, 323 W. 

Red Bridge, p-o., Hawkins co., Tenn., 236 e. 
Nashville, 446 VV. 

Red Clay, p-o., Murray co., Ga. 
Red Creek, p-o.. Wayne co., N. C, 186 s. e. 
Raleigh, 336 W. 



Reddington, p-v., Jackson co., la., ho s. 
Indianapolis, 591 W. 

Reddy's River, Wilkes co., N. C, 185 w. by 
N. Raleigh, 3S2 W. 

Redfield, p-f., Oswego CO., N. Y., 139 w. n. 
w. Albany, 402 W. The surface is undulating; 
soil, moist loam, well adapted to grass. Drained 
by Salmon r. and its tributaries. It has 1 fur- 
nace, 1 tannery, 1 paper fac, 2 printing offices, 

1 bindery, 1 weekly newspaper, 1 grist m., 4 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $23,700. 5 sch. 135 
scholars. Pop. 507. 

Redford, p-v., Saranac t., Clinton co., N. Y., 
185 .\. Albany, 560 W. Situated on the n. side 
of Saranac r., and contains 1 church, 3 stores, an 
extensive glass fac, 80 dwellings, and about 500 
inhabitants. Iron ore is found in the vicinity. 

Redford, p-t., Wayne co., Mich., 13 n. w. 
Detroit, 537 VV. Watered by the n. branch of 
Rouge r. and Powers cr. The v. is situated on 
the w. bank of Rouge r., which affords water 
power, and contains 1 store, 1 flouring ni., 2 saw 
m., and a number of dwellings. There are in 
the t. 3 stores, cap. $1,800; 1 grist m., 6 saw m., 
12 sch. 383 scholars. Pop. 1,108. 

Red Hill, a sununit in 3Ioultonborough t., 
Grafton co., N. H., is situated a little n. of Win- 
nipiseogee lake, and commands an extensive and 
fine view of that romantic region. 

Red Hill, p-o., Korshaw'dist., S. C, 49 n. e. 
Columbia, 488 W. 

Red Hill, p-o., Murray co., Ga., 198 n. w. 
3Iilledgeville, 623 \V. 

Red Hill, p-o., 3Iarshall co., Ala., 120 n. e. 
Tuscaloosa, 718 W. 

Red Hill, p-o., Granger co., Tenn., 218 e. 
Nashville, 438 W. 

Red Hook, p-t., Dutchess co., N. Y., 22 n. 
Poughkeepsie, 49 s. Albany, 321 W. The sur- 
face is rolling ; soil, clay and loam. Hudson 
river bounds it on the w. A few small streams 
flow into the Hudson. It has 2 landings, called 
Lower Red Hook and Upper Red Hook. Lower 
Red Hook v. is situated 3 ms. e. of the landing, 
and contains 1 Dutch Reformed church, 4 stores, 
50 dwellings, and about 350 inhabitants. Upper 
Red Hook v. is 4 ms. s. s. E. of the upper landing, 
and contains 1 Dutch Reformed church, an acad- 
emy, 3 stores, 40 dwellings, and about 300 inhab- 
itants. There are in the t. 1 1 stores, cap. $26,000 ; 

2 lumber yards, cap. §7,500 ; 1 tannery, 7 grist 
m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $14,800. 1 acad. 
33 students, 5 sch. 155 scholars. Pop. 2,829. 

Red House, p-o.. Charlotte co., V^a., 103 w. s. 
w. Richmond, 193 VV. 

Red House, p-o., Caswell co., N. C, 69 n. w. 
Raleigh, 255 W. 

Red House Shoals, p-o., Mason co., Va., 377 
VV. N. w. Richmond, 374 W. 

Red Lion, p-v., and hundred, New Castle co., 
Del., 35 N. Dover, 122 VV^. The v. i.s situated on 
Red Lion cr., which derives its name from the 
principal tavern. There are in the h. 5 stores, 
cap. $23,000 ; 2 lumber yards, cap. $3,000. Cap. 
in manufac. $3,450. 3 sch. 135 scholars. Pop. 
1,401. 

Red Lion, p-o.. Clear Creek t., VV'arren co., O., 
90 s. w. Columbus, 474 VV. It contains 1 store, 
several mechanic sliops, and about 75 inhabitants. 

Red 3Iills, p-o., Carmel t., Putnam co., N. Y., 
107 s. Albany, 280 VV. 

Red iMouND, p-o., Henderson co., Tenn., 114 
w. s. w. Nashville, 799 VV. 

Red Mountain, p-o.. Orange co., N. C, 39 n. 
w. Raleigh, 265 W. 

Red Oak, p-o., Columbia co., Ga., 101 e. n. e. 
MiUedgeviOe, 589 W, 



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562 



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Red Oak Grove, p-o., Charlotte co., Va., 112 
s. w. Richmond, 210 W. 

Red Plains, p-o., Surry co., N. C, 123 w. n. 
w. Raleigh, 336 W. 

Red, r.. La., Ark., &c., is the first large r. which 
enters the Mississippi above its mouth, and rises 
at the base of the range of the Rocky mountains, 
near Santa Fe, in Mexico. It is Ibrmed by sev- 
eral head branches, and receives several tributa- 
ries, the largest of which are Blue r. and False 
Washita. The s. bank of it forms, for a great dis- 
tance, the boundary between the United States 
and Texas. A greater part of its course is through 
rich prairies of a red soil, which colors the water 
of the r., and has been the origin of its name. Its 
shores are covered with grass, and abound with 
grape-vines, which produce an excellent fruit. 
About 100 ms. above Natchitoches commences 
what is denominated the Raft, which consists of 
a swampy expansion of the r. to the width of 20 
or 30 ms., and has a length of 60 or 70 ms. The 
r. divides into a great number of channels, many 
of which are shallow, and these ciiannels have 
been obstructed by fallen trees, brought down 
by floods from its upper parts. In some places, 
the raft covered the whole r., and had grass and 
willows growing on the alluvial soil collected on 
it, and could be even crossed on horseback, 
though not without danger. But more generally 
the r. appeared between the mas.ses of timber. 
At a great expense, this raft has been so far re- 
moved by the U. S. government, that steamboats 
pass through it. Boats sometimes pass the raft 
by leaving the r. above it, in a channel which 
flows out of it into some neighboring lake, and 
following the outlet of this lake, until it joins the 
r. below the raft. This raft has been a serious 
obstruction, as the r. would otherwise be naviga- 
ble for steamboats 400 ms., and the lands on its 
borders are highly fertile, and desirable for culti- 
vation for a great distance above the raft. Below 
the raft, and 4 ms. above Natchitoches, the whole 
volume of the r. is again united, but very soon 
divides into many channels, and fills an immense 
number of bayous and lakes, that lie parallel to 
it. In its lower parts, the main channel of the 
r. is narrower than above the raft. 

Red River, t., Lafayette co., Ark. Pop. 631. 

Red River, t., White co., Ark. It has 2 
grist m. 

Red River, p-o., Robertson co., Tenn., 36 n. 
Nashville, 718 W. 

Red River Iro.m Works, p-v., Estell co., Ky., 
74 s. E. Frankfort, 529 W. Situated s. side of 
Red r., and contains 75 inhabitants. 

Red Rock, p-o., Wayne co., Fa., 179 n. e. Har- 
risburg, 276 W. 

Red Shoals, p-o., Stokes co., N. C, 135 w. n. 
w. Raleigh, 323 W. 

Redstone, t., Fayette co.. Pa. It has 1 wool- 
len fac, 1 distillery, 1 paper fac, 1 flouring m., 4 
grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $24,695. 
2 sch. 59 scholars. Pop. 1,159. 

Red Sulphur Springs, pv., Monroe co., Va., 
249 w. Richmond, 286 W. Situated on Indian 
cr., 40 ms. s. w. of White Sulphur Springs. It 
flows from a rock into a quadrangular reservoir, 
compo.sed of 4 slabs of while marble, tlie lower 
edges of which rest upon the rock from which 
the water flows. The reservoir is 6 feet long, 5 
wide, and 4i deep, and a red substance covers 
the bottom and the lower part of the sides, giving 
to the water a red tinge. The water is clear and 
cool, has a temperature of 51° of Fahrenheit, and 
is charged with sulphuretted hydrogen gas, and 
several neutral salts. It is on a triangular plain, 
surrounded by mountains, and is covered by an 



octagon building, the second story of which is 
used as a chapel. There are 2 large hotels, and 
3 rows of cabins of 2 rooms each, for the accom- 
modation of families. The hotels are well kept. 
Redwood, p-v., Alexandria t., Jefferson co., 
N. Y., 18S N. w. Albany, 440 W. Situated at 
the head of Butterfield lake, and contains 2 stores, 

1 large glass fac, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 35 dwell- 
ings, and about 200 inhabitants. 

Redwood Grove, p-o., E. Baton Rouge par., 
La. 

Reed, t., Seneca co., O. It has 1 store. Cap. 
in manufac. $690. 8 sch. 259 scholars. Pop. 
1,214. 

Reedsborougii, t., Bennington co., Vt., 12 s. 
E. Bennington, 18 s. w. Brattleboro'. The sur- 
face is mountainous, being in the Green moun- 
tain range, and much of it is unfit for cultivation. 
Watered by Deerfield r. and a considerable 
branch, which afford water power. The turn- 
pike from Bennington to Brattleboro', across the 
mountain, passes through its n. part. It has 1 
woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 5 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $41,750. 4 sch. 127 scholars. 
Pop. 767. 

Reedsborough City, p-v., Reedsboro' t., Ben- 
nington CO., Vt., 147 Montpelier, 416 W. 

Reedsburg, p-o.. Plain t., Wayne co., O., 86 
N. N. e. Columbus, 355 W. 

Reed's Corners, p-o., Canandaigua t., Ontario 
CO., N. Y. 

Reed's Creek, p-o., Lawrence co., Ark., 110 
N. E. Little Rock, 1,027 W. 

Reeds Mills, p-o., Jackson co., O., 77 s. s. e. 
Columbus, 373 W. 

Reedtown, p-o.. Reed t., Seneca co., O., 86 n. 
Columbus, 408 W. 

Reedy Creek, p-o., Sullivan co., Tenn., 283 
E. Nashville, 395 W. 

Reedy Spring, p-o., Campbell co., Va., 106 
w. s. w. Richmond, 192 W. 

Reform, p-o., Effingham co., Ga., 128 e. s. e. 
Mil ledge ville, 677 W. 

Reform, p-o., Pickens co., Ala. 

Rf.gniers Mills, p o., Aurelius t., Washington 
CO., O., 106 e. s. e. Columbus, 307 W. 

Rehoboth, p-t., Bristol co., Mass., 40 s. by w. 
Boston, 413 W. The situation is pleasant, and 
the soil adapted to tillage. Watered by Pal- 
mer's r., which affords water power. It contains 
5 churches — 2 Baptist, 1 Congregational, 1 Re- 
formed Methodist, and 1 Christian. It has 5 
stores, cap. $6,600 ; 2 cotton fac. 1,810 sp , 4 grist 
m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $30,100. 15 sch. 
324 scholars. Pop. 2,169. 

Rehoboth, p-v., Somerset co., Md. 

Rehoboth, p-v., Lunenburg co., Va., 85 s. w. 
Richmond, 204 W. 

Rehoboth, p-v., Edgefield dist., S. C, 80 w. 
Columbia, 558 W. 

Rehoboth, p-v., Wilkes co., Ga., 83 n. e. Mil- 
ledgeville, 576 W. 

Rehoboth, p-v.. Perry co., O., 51 e. by s. Co- 
lumbus, 358 W. It contains 2 churches, 3 stores, 

2 tobacco warehouses, 1 carding machine, about 
51) dwellings, and 300 inhabitants. 

Rehoboth Village, p-v., Rehoboth t., Bris- 
tol CO., Mass., 44 Boston, 409 W. 

Rehobothv ille, p-v., Morgan co., Ga., 66 n. 
N. w. Milledgeville, 623 W. 

Rehrersburg, p-v., Tulpehocken t., Berks 
CO., Pa., 55 E. llarrisburg, 165 W. It contains 1 
Presbyterian and 1 Lutheran church, 3 stores, 
and about 50 dwellings. 

Reidsburg, p-v., Armstrong co.. Pa., 187 w. 
N. w. Harrisburg, 264 W. 

Reid Island, p-o., Pulaslu co., Va. 



REN 



563 



RHl 



Reids Store, p-o., Copiah co., Miss., 52 s. s. 
E. Jackson, 1,062 W. 

Reidsville, p-o., Bern t, Albany co., N. Y., 
18 w. Albany, 372 W. 

Reidsville, p-v.. Rockingham co., N. C, 108 
N. w. Raleigh, 277 W. 

Reidsville, p-v., capital of Tatnall co., Ga., 
162 s. E. Milledgeville, 773 W. Situated on the 
w. side of the Great Ohoopee river, and con- 
tains a court house, a store, and about 30 inhabit- 
ants. 

Reiley, p-o., Butler co., O., Ill w. s. w. Co- 
lumbus, 503 W. 

Rei.vholdsville, p-v., Lancaster co.. Pa., 41 
E. s. e. Harrisburg, 139 W. 

Reistertown, p-v., Baltimore co., Md., 17 n. 
w. Balliinore, 46 n. Annapolis, 56 W. Situated 
a few ms. e. of the Patapsco river, and contains 
about 100 inhabitants. 

Remsen, p-t., Oneida co., N. Y., 18 n. Utica, 
100 w. N. vv. Albany, 405 W. The surface is 
hilly ; soil, moderately good. Drained by Black 
r. The v. contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Baptist 
church, 4 stores, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 60 dwell- 
ings, and about 450 inhabitants. It has 6 stores, 
capital $58, (00; 1 tannery, I grist m., 7 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $9,575. 13 sch. 600 scholars. 
Pop. 1,638. 

Renick's Valley, p-o., Greenbrier co., Va. 

Rensselaer, county, N. Y. Situated in the 
E. part of the state, and contains 626 square ms. 
Organized in 1791. It is bounded by Hudson r. 
on the w. The surface is hilly, interspersed 
with extensive and fertile valleys. Drained by 
Hoosic r., Poestenkill, and Wynantskill, all flow- 
ing into Hudson r., and affording water power. 
The Albany and West Stockbridge railroad com- 
mences at Greenbush v., and a branch of it is e.x- 
tending to Troy, to connect with railroads to 
Schenectady and Saratoira. Capital, Troy. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 32,174, sheep 134,864, 
swine 27,916; wheat 21.454 bush, produced, rye 
247,703, Indian corn 329,193, buckwheat 54,767, 
barley 9,488, oats 810,333, potatoes 759,346, hops 
2,500 pounds, sugar 30,548 ; 44 commercial and 
13 commission houses, cap. $2,274,621 ; 403 stores, 
cap. $1,311,913 ; 19 lumber yards, cap. $206,000 ; 
4 furnaces, 8 forges, 16 fulling m., 13 woollen 
fac, 21 cotton fac. 54.035 sp., 3 rope fac, 22 tan- 
neries, 1 distillery, 4 breweries, 2 powder m , 1 
glass fac, 1 pottery, 18 flouring m., 37 grist m., 
106 saw m., 8 oil m., 4 paper fac, 6 printing 
offices, 1 periodical, 2 daily, 4 weekly, I semi- 
weekly newspapers. Capital in manufactures 
$3,351,233. 12 acad. 546 students, 239 schools 
11,512 scholars. Pop. 60,259. 

Re.nsselaer, v.. Sand Lake t., Rensselaer co., 
N. Y., 17 s. e. Troy. It contains 3 churches — 
1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist— 3 
stores, 1 glass fac, and several saw m. in the 
vicinity. 

Rensselaer, p-v., capital of Jasper co., la. 
Situated on Iroauois r. 

Rensselaerville, p-t., Albany CO., N. Y.,26 
•w. Albany, 369 W. The surface is hilly, and 
portions of the Catskill mountains e.vtend into 
it ; soil, sandy loam, and generally very fertile. 
Drained by Catskill and Foxes creeks. The v. 
is situated on Foxes cr., and contains 4 churches 
— 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, and 1 
Methodist — 7 stores, 3 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 clo- 
thier's works and carding machine, 1 furnace, 1 
machine shop, 1 tannery, 150 dwellings, and 
about 1,000 inhabiiants. There are in the t. 22 
stores, cap. $49,550 ; 1 fullmg m., 1 woollen fac, 
1 furnace, 9 tanneries, 3 grist m., 11 saw m. Cap. 



in manufac. $144,300. 1 acad. 55 students, 20 
sch. 1,138 scholars. Pop. 3,705. 
Republic, p-o., Scipio t., Seneca co., O. 
Republica.n, p-o., Westmoreland t., Oneida 
CO., N. Y. 

Republica.v, p-o., German t., Darke co., 0.,91 
w. Columbus, 417 W. 

Republican, p-o., Columbia co., Ga., 73 E. N. 
E. Milledgeville, 612 W. 

Republican Grove, p-o., Halifax co., Va., 140 
s. w. Richmond, 227 W. 

Reservation, p-o., Alden t., Erie co., N. Y., 
272 w. Albany, 378 W. 

Reserve, t., Alleghany co.. Pa. It has 2 tan- 
neries, 1 paper fac. C'ap. in manufac. $46,000. 
3 sch. 175 scholars. Pop. 1,443. 

Retreat, p-o., Franklin co., Va., 189 w. s. w. 
Richmond, 264 W. 

Reullurd, p-o., Carroll co., Tenn., 105 w. 
Nashville, 790 W. 

Rexburg, p-o., Essex co., Va., 58 N. e. Rich- 
mond, 104 W. 

Re.xford Flats, p-o., Clifton Park t., Sarato- 
ga CO., N. Y., 21 N. w. Albany, 339 W. 

Reynoldsburg, p-v., Truro t., Franklin co., 
O., 11 E. Columbus, 332 W. Situated on the e. 
bank of Black Lick cr., which afTords good water 
power. Organized in 1831, and contains 2 church- 
es, 3 stores, about 50 dwellings, and 300 inhabit- 
ants. 

Reynoldsburg, p-v., capital of Humphrey's 
CO., Tenn., 69 w. Nashville, 753 W. Situated 
on the e. side of the Tennessee r. It contains a 
court house, jail, 8 stores, and 200 inhabitants. 

Reynoldsville, p-v.. Hector t., Tompkins co., 
N. Y., 178 w. by s. Albany, 311 W. It contains 
1 Methodist church, I store, 1 saw m., 1 tannery^ 
30 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. 

Rhea, county, Tenn. Situated toward the s. 
E. part of the state, and contains 440 square ms. 
Drained by branches of Tennessee river, which 
bounds it on the e. Capital, Washington. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 4,156, sheep 2,843, 
swine 13.386; wheat 19,648 bush, produced, rye 
3,851, Indian corn 248,477, oats 44,760, potatoes 
5,689, tobacco 5,305 pounds, cotton 8,741 ; 6 
stores, cap. $21,500; 1 forge, 7 tanneries, 13 dis- 
tilleries, 7 grist m., 4 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. 
$16,190. Pop. whites 3,530, slaves 377, free col'd 
28 ; total, 3,985. 

Rhea's Store, p-o., Washington co., Va., 319 
w. by s. Richmond, 387 W. 

Rheatovvn, p-v., Greene co., Tenn., 263 E. 
Nashville, 427 W. Situated a few miles n of 
the Nolichucky r. 

Rhinebeck, p-t., Dutchess co., N. Y., 55 s. 
Albany, 315 W. The surface is mostly level on 
the w., rolling on the e. The flats near the centre 
are easily cultivated, and very productive. Hud- 
son r. runs on iis w. border. Drained by Landt- 
man's cr. The v. is pleasantly situated 2 miles 
from the landing on Hudson r. Incorpo.-a!ed in 
1826, and contains 3 churches, an academy, 12 
stores, 1 iron foundry, 1 paper m., 1 grist m. on 
Landtman's cr., 200 dwellings, and a'lout 1,200 
inhabitants. There are in the t. 9 stf res, capital 
$41,500 ; 3 lumber yards, cap. .$7,00() , 1 tannery, 
1 paper fac, 1 flouring m., 2 grist ui., 3 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $33,300. 4 sch. 27 scholars. 
Pop. 2,659. 

Rhinebeck Landing, v., Rhinebeck t., Dutch- 
ess CO., N. Y. Situated on the e. side of Hud- 
son r., where steamboats land and receive pas- 
sengers several times daily, and a steamboat w"ith 
freight barges plies to New York. It contains 3 
stores and about 30 dwellings. 



RHO 564 RHO 



RHODE ISLAND. 

Rhode Island, or, according to its original name, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, 
one of the northern United States, is situated between 41° 22' and 42'-' 3' n. lat., and between 71° 
6' and 71° 38' w. Ion., and between 5° 7' and 5° 54' e. from W. It is about 49 miles long and 29 
broad, containing 1,360 square miles, of which Narraganset bay includes 130, or, in the whole, 
870,400 acres, and is the smallest state in the Union. 

The population in 1790 was 53,825 ; in 1800, 69,122 ; in 1810, 76,931 ; in 1820, 83,059 ; in 1830, 
97,212; in 1840, 108,830. Of these, 51,362 were white males; 54,225 do. females; colored 
free males, 1,413; do. females, 1,825. Employed in agriculture, 16,617; in commerce, 1,348; 
manufactures and trades, 21,271 ; navigating the ocean, 1,717 ; learned professions, &c., 457. 

It is divided into 5 counties, which, with their population in 1840, and their capitals, were as 
follows: Providence, 58,073, Providence; Newport, 16,874, Newport ; Bristol, 6,476, Bristol ; 
Kent, 13,083, East Greenwich ; Washington, 14,324, South Kingston. 

Newport and Providence are the principal seats of government; but the legislature meets annu- 
ally at the former in May, and at the latter, alternately with South Kingston, in October. 

The N. w. part of tlie state is hilly and rocky. The hills, though not elevated, are found through 
the northern third of the state; the remainder is mostly level. The soil in the w. and n. w. parts 
is thin and lean ; but near Narraganset bay, and on the islands in it, it has great fertility. It is 
better for grazing than for grain, and is distinguished for the excellence of its cattle and sheep, and 
its butter and cheese. Indian corn, rye, barley, oats, and, in some places, wheat, are produced, 
but not in sufficient quantity for e.xportalion. Grass, fruits, and culinary vegetables, are produced 
in great perfection. 

The rivers and bays abound in excellent fish. There w-ere in 1840 in the state, 8,024 horses and 
mules; 36,891 neat cattle; 90,146 sheep; 30,659 swine. There were raised 3,098 bush, of wheat; 
66,490 of barley; 171,517 of oats; 34,521 of rye; 2,979 of buckwheat; 450,493 of Indian corn; 
183,830 pounds of wool ; 911,973 bushels of potatoes ; 383 tons of hemp and flax. The products of 
the dairy amounted to $223,229 ; of the orchard, $32,098 ; of lumber, $44,455. 

The exports consist chiefly of flaxseed, horses, cattle, beef, pork, fish, poultry, onions, butter, 
cheese, barley, and cotton goods. The manufactures exceed those of any other state, in propor- 
tion to its population, the principal of which is cotton. They also have manufactures of woollen, 
iron, cordage, &c. This state has extensive shipping. 

The climate is healthy, and more mild, particularly on the islands, than in any other part of 
New England. The sea-breezes moderate the heat of summer and the cold of winter ; and New- 
port is a favorite resort, particularly during the summer. 

The rivers are not large, but furnish some fine mill seats, and are extensively used for manufac- 
turing purposes. The principal are Pawtucket, Providence, Pawtuxet, Pawcatuck, and Wood. 
Narraganset Bay extends from n. to s. over 30 miles into the state, and contains a number of fine 
islands. The pruicipal are Rhode island, 15 miles long, with an average width of 2i miles ; Ca- 
nonicut, 8 miles long and 1 broad ; Prudence, 6 miles long ; and Block island, 10 miles out in the 
Atlantic, 8 miles long and from 2 to 4 broad. It constitutes the township of New Shoreham, and 
ha.s a light-house. Newport, on the s. w. part of Rhode Island, has one of the finest harbors in the 
world, being spacious, safe, and easily accessible. Providence, at the head of Narraganset bay, 
36 miles above Point Judith, is accessible by large ships. In population, commerce, and wealth, 
this is the second city in New England. It has been extensively engaged in the West India, and 
also in the East India trade. Bristol, on the E. side of the bay, 15 miles n. of Newport, has a safe 
and commodious harbor, and considerable trade. Pawtucket, 4 miles n. of Providence, and Paw- 
tuxet village, 10 miles s. of Providence, have extensive mainifaclures. 

The exports of this state in 1840 amounted to $206,989, and the imports to $274,534. 

There were in 1840, in this state, 44 commercial and 57 commission houses engaged in foreign 
trade, with a capital of $2,043,507 ; 930 drygoods and other retail stores, employing a capital of 
$2,810,125 ; 58 persons engaged in transportation, with 83 butchers, packers, &c., employing a cap- 
ital of $71,050 ; 262 persons engaged in the lumber trade, employing a capital of $254,900; 1,160 
persons employed in the fisheries, and a capital of $1,077,157. 

Tlie manufactures of this small state deserve particular notice. Home-made or family goods 
were produced to the amount of $51,180 ; 41 woollen manufactories, with 45 fulling mills, employ- 
ing 961 persons, produced goods to the amount of $812,172, with a capital of $685,350 ; 209 cotton 
manufactories, with 518,817 spindles, employed 12,086 persons, producing articles to the amount of 
$7,116,792, and employed a capital of $7,326,000; 27 persons produced 1,000 tons of anthracite 
coal, with a capital of $6,000 ; 5 furnaces produced 4,126 tons of cast iron, and had a capital of 
$22,250; 2 paper mills produced articles to the amount of $25,000, and other paper manufactures 
produced to the amount of $8,500, employing 15 persons, and a capital of $45,000 ; hats and caps 



RHO 565 RHO 

were manufactured to the amount of $92,465, and straw bonnets to the amount of $S6,106, the 
vvliole employing 411 persons, and a capital of $66,427; 27 tanneries employed 89 persons, and a 
capital of $72,000; 44 saddleries and other leather manufactories produced to the amount of 
$182,110, with a capital of $70,095 ; 43 persons manufactured granite and marble to the amount of 
$36,202: 113 persons produced bricks and lime to the amount of $66,000; 531 persons produced 
machinery to tlie amount of $437,100; 164 persons produced hardware and cutlery to the amount 
of $138,720; 179 persons manufactured the precious metals to the amount of $283,500; 57 persons 
produced 1,237,050 pounds of soap, 157,250 do. of tallow candles, 264,500 do. of spermaceti or wax 
candles, with a capital of $252,628 ; 161 persons manufactured carriages and wagons to the amount 
of $78,81 1, with a capital of $36,661 ; various mills produced articles to the amount of $83,633, em- 
ploying 166 persons, and a capital of $152,310 ; 9 ropewalks employed 45 persons, and produced 
cordage to the amount of $49,700, with a capital of $28,300 ; ships were built to the amount of 
$41,500; 195 persons produced furniture to the amount of $121,131, with a capital of $83,300; 4 
distilleries produced 885,000 gallons, and 3 breweries 89,600 gallons, willi a capital of $139,000; 6 
brick and 292 wooden houses were built, employing 887 persons, at a cost of $379,010 ; there are 
16 printing offices, 8 binderies, 2 daily, 4 semi-weekly, and 10 weekly newspapers, and 2 periodi- 
cals, the whole employing 122 persons, and a capital of $35,700. The whole amount of capital 
employed in manufactures in the state was $10,696,136. 

Brown University, at Providence, is the only college in the state, and is a flourishing institution. 
It was founded in 1764, at Warwick, and was removed to Providence in 1770. A majority of the 
corporation are required to be of the Baptist denomination. In common school education this state 
has been behind the other states of New England, but is improving. In 1840 there were in Brown 
University, and in a high school, which partakes of the nature of a college, 324 students; 52 acad- 
emies and grammar schools, with 3,664 students ; 434 common and primary schools, with 17,355 
scholars. 

The principal religious denominations are the Baptists, the Congregationalists, the Episcopalians, 
and the Methodists. In 1836 the Baptists had 20 congregations and 18 ministers, besides 9 others 
of a different denomination ; the Congregationalists had 16 congregations, 16 ministers, and 2,100 
communicants; the Episcopalians had 16 congregations, 18 ministers, and 1,655 communicants; 
the Methodists had 10 ministers. Besides these, there are some Friends, Unitarians, Roman Cath- 
olics, Universalists, and Christians. 

In the commencement of 1840, this state had 62 banks, with an aggregate capital of $9,880,500, 
and a circulation of $1,719,230. Although the banks in this state are so numerous, averaging two 
to a town, yet they have preserved their credit unimpaired. 

Rhode Island has had, until recently, no other constitution of government but the charter granted 
by Charles II., in 1663. The government consisted of a governor, a senate, and a house of repre- 
sentatives, chosen annually by the people. There were 10 senators, 2 from each county. There 
were 72 representatives ; and the legislature met twice annually, commencing on the first Wed- 
nesday of 3Iay, at Newport, and on the last Monday of October, alternately at Providence and 
South Kingston. The judiciary consisted of a supreme court and the court of common pleas ; and 
all the judges were chosen annually by the legislature in grand committee. 

Several works of internal improvement contribute to the prosperity of this state. The Black- 
stone canal, which connects Providence with Worcester, Mass., lies partly in this state. Tlie 
same is true of the Providence and Boston railroad. This connects with a line of steamboats to 
the city of New York. The Providence and Stonington railroad lies chiefly in this state, and is 
47 miles long. This road also connects with a line of steamboats to the city of New York. Wlien 
the Long Island railroad shall have been completed through the island, this road will become of 
great importance. Rhode Island has no public debt. 

There is a state prison at Providence, completed in 1838. 

This state was first settled by Roger Williams, who, with his associates, left Massachusetts on 
account of their religious principles. He at first made a purchase of the Indians at Sekonk ; but find- 
ing himself within the Plymouth colony, he removed to Providence, to which he gave name, and 
where he commenced a settlement in 1636. He obtained a patent from the Plymouth company, 
in England, in 164V A settlement had been made on Rhode Island in 1638, and this charter in- 
cluded both under the name of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations., After the restoration 
of Charles II., a new charter was obtained from him in 1663, which, until recently, formed the 
basis of the government, unchanged by the revolution. In May, 1842, an attempt was made by 
the "suffrage party," as they were called, to take forcible possession of the government. They 
had previously, without authority from the legislature, formed a constitution, and in their primary 
assemblies, acting informally, chosen a governor, senate, and house of representatives, and at- 
tempted to maintain their authority by force of arms. But the force of the state was brought 
against them, and the suffrage party were dispersed, and the authority of the government was 
maintained. By order of the charter legislature, a convention was assembled in September, 1842, 



RIC 



566 



RTC 



for the purpose, formed a constitution, which was approved by a majority of tlie people in their 
primary asscmbhes, and has gone into operation. The particulars of it we are unable to give. 

Rhode Island bore an honorable part in the revolutionary war. She was the last of the old 13 
states to adopt the federal constitution, which she did in May 29, 1790, by a majority of 2 votes, 
and became a member of the Union. 



Rhodes, p-o., Skeneateles t., Onondaga co., 
N. Y., 148 w. by n. Albany, 350 W. 

Riblet's, p-o., Richland co., O., 63 n. n. e. 
Columbus, 3S8 W. 

RicEBORouGH, p-v., Liberty co., Ga., 33 s. s. 
w. Savannah, 194 s. E. Milledgeville, 696 W. 
Situated on Newport river. It contains a court 
house, jail, several stores, 15 dwellings, and 
about 100 inhabitants. Sloops come up to the t. 
20 ms. from the ocean. 

Rice City, p-v., Coventry t., Kent co., R. I., 

19 w. by s. Providence, 381 W. It contains a 
Baptist church. 

Rice Creek, p-o., Calhoun co., Mich., 112 w. 
Detroit, 577 W. 

Rice Cross Roads, p-o., Bath co., Ky., 82 e. 
Frankfort, 490 W. 

Rice Cross Roads, p-o., Panola co.. Miss., 177 
N. Jackson, 945 W. 

Rice's Landing, p-o., Greene co.. Pa., 200 w. 
by s. Harrisburg, 218 W. 

Rice's Store, p-o., Westmoreland co., Va., 70 
N. E. Richmond, 129 W. 

RicEviLLE, p-o., Mayfield t., Fulton co., N. 
Y., 56 N. w. Albany, 420 W. 

Richard.son's Creek, p-o., Anson co., N. C, 
167 s. w. Raleigh, 436 W. 

Richardsonville, p-v., Edgefield dist., S. C, 
75 w. Columbia, 539 W. 

Richardsville, p-v., Culpepper co., Va., 79 
N. N. w. Richmond, 70 W. 

RicHiiORoufjH, p-v., Bucks CO., Pa., 114 e. 
Harrisburg, 156 W. 

RicHBURG, p-o., Wirt t., Alleghany co., N. Y., 
282 w. by s. Albany, 315 W. 

Richfield, p-t., Otsego co., N. Y''., 13 n. w. 
Cooperstown, 72 w. Albany, 376 W. The sur- 
face is elevated and uneven ; soil, a fertile sandy 
and calcareous loam, generally well cultivated. 
Canaderaga lake lies on its e. boundary, into 
which several small streams flow. It has 5 stores, 
cap. $13,070; 1 fulling m., 4 tanneries, 2 grist m., 
4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $15,890. 13 schools 
487 scholars. Pop. 1,680. 

Richfield, p-o., Juniata co.. Pa., 65 n. w. 
Harri.sburg, 159 W. 

Richfield, p-t., Summit co., O., 134 n. e. Co- 
lumbus, 347 W. The surface is elevated, and 
moderately uneven ; soil, fertile, adapted to gra- 
zing, and well cultivated. There is a v. at the 
centre, containing 1 Congregational church, 1 
store, various mechanics, and about 20 dwellings. 
Three fourths of a mile w. is another v., contain- 
ing 1 Methodist and 1 Baptist church, and 15 or 

20 dweUings. There are in the t. 1 acad. 26 stu- 
dents, 10 sch. 353 scholars. Pop. 1,108. 

Richfield, t., Henry co., O. It has 1 sawm. 
Cap. in manufac. $500. 1 school 20 scholars. 
Pop. 83. 

Richfield, t., Huron co., O. It has 13 sch. 
471 scholars. Pop. 1,.599. 

Richfield, p-t., Lapeer co., Mich. It has 1 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,500. 2 sch. 35 
scholars. Pop. 193. 

Richfield Springs, v., Richfield t., Otsego 
CO., N. Y. Situated near the head of Canadera- 
ga lake, and contains 2 churches, 3 stores, 1 grist 
m., 40 dwellings, and about 259 inhabitants. Here 
is a celebrated sulphur spring. 

RiCHFORD, p-l., Franklin co., Vt., 65 n. by w. 



Montpelier, 567 W. The surface is mountain- 
ous ; soil, adapted to grazing. Watered by Mis- 
sisque r. and its branches. Along the streams is 
good arable land. Chartered in 1780. It is bound- 
ed N. by Lower Canada. It has 2 stores, cap. 
$2,500 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 2 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $7,575. 5 sch. 103 scholars. 
Pop. 914. 

RicHFORD, p-t, Tioga co., N.Y^., 144 w. s. w. 
Albany, 295 W. The surface is uneven, with 
fertile valleys. Drained by East and West Owe- 
go creeks, which afford water power. The v. 
is situated on East Ovvego cr., and contains 1 
Presbyterian and 1 Episcopal church, 3 stores, 1 
grist m., 2 saw m., 30 dwellings, and about 250 
inhabitants. There are in the t. 2 stores, cap. 
$8,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $8,230. 340 scholars in schools. Pop. 
939. 

Rich Fork, p-o., Davidson co., N. C, 109 w. 
Raleigh, 330 W. 

Rich Hill, p-o., Butler co., Pa., 221 w. n. w. 
Harrisburg, 247 W. 

Richland, district, S. C. Situated in the cen- 
tre of the state, and contains 550 sq. ms. The 
Wateree r. bounds it on the e., and the Congaree 
on the s. w., and they form a junction at the s. e. 
angle of the dist. The soil is very fertile. Cap- 
ital, Columbia. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
8,878, sheep 3,022, swine 14,709; wheat 3,465 
bush, produced, Ind. corn 333,796, oats 63,325, 
potatoes 42,584,cotton 1,281,989 pounds; 15 stores, 
cap. $177,300; 1 pottery, 19 grist m., 21 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $72,800. 1 college, 168 students, 
5 acad. 161 students, 14 sch. 366"'scholars. Pop. 
whites 5,326, slaves 10,664, free col'd 407 ; total, 
16,397. 

Richland, county, O. Situated toward the 
N. part of the state, and contains 900 sq. ms. The 
surface is rolling and hilly in its s. and s. e. parts ; 
soil, very fertile, well adapted to grain. Drained 
by branches of the Mohiccan cr. and of theOlen- 
tangy r. It produces wheat abundantly, and fine 
horses and neat cattle. Capital, Mansfield. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 34,930, sheep 79,782, 
swine 51.440 ; wheat 506,585 bush, produced, rye 
63,85f, Ind. corn 484,511, buckwheat 34,727, bar- 
ley 9,337, oats 522,209, potatoes 965,784, tobacco 
1,070 pounds, sugar 484,335 ; 67 stores, cap. 
$17,700 ; 9 fulling m., 8 woollen fac.,25 tanneries, 
5 potteries, 8 flouring m., 74 grist m., 106 saw m., 

2 oil m., 2 printing oflices, 1 weekly newspaper. 
Cap. in manufac. $146,122. 1 acad. 52 students, 
20 sch. 6,635 scholars. Pop. 44,532. 

Richland, p-t., semi-capital of Oswego co., N. 
Y., 155 w. N. w. Albany, 385 W. It contains a 
part of the county buildings in the v. of Pulaski. 
The surface is diversified ; soil, moist clay loam, 
adapted to grazing. Drained by Salmon r. and 
some small streams flowing into Lake Ontario, 
which bounds it on the w. It has 17 stores, cap. 
$44,400; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 3 tanneries, 

3 grist m., 15 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. 
$32,400. 1 acad. 64 students, 37 sch. 868 scholars. 
Pop. 4,050. 

Richland, t., Venango co., Pa. It has 4 stores, 
cap. $2,900 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 

4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,750. Pop. 1,385. 
Richland, t., Bucks co.. Pa., 37 n. w. Phila- 
delphia. The surface is level ; soil, clay. Drain- 



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ed by Tohickon cr. and its branchos. In the s. 
w. angle of the t. is the v. of Quai^ertown, which 
contains a Friends church and 40 or 50 dwellings. 
There are in the t. 5 stores, cap. $11,300 ; 2 tan- 
neries, 3 potteries, 2 grist m., 4 saw ni. Cap. in 
manufac. $14,325. 3 sch. 85 scholars. Fop. 
1,781. 

Richland, t., Cambria co., Pa. It has 3 grist 
m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $650. 8 sch. 320 
scholars. Pop. 1,038. 

Richland, p-v., Richland co., O., 82 n. by e. 
Columbus, 389 \V. 

Richland, t., Belmont co., O. The surface is 
rolling ; .soil, very fertile. It contains the v. of 
St. Clairsville, the county seat. Soil, very fer- 
tile. The national road passes through it from E. 
to w. It began to be settled several years before 
the admission of Ohio to the Union as a state. 
It lias 2 acad. 42 students, 12 sch. 294 scholars. 
Pop. 3,748. 

Richland, t., Clinton co., O. It contains the 
villages of Cedarville, Sabina, and Claysville. 
There are in the t. 3 stores, cap. $3,500 ; 1 tan- 
nery, 2 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$1,710. 10 sch. 551 scholars. Pop. 1,385. 

Richland, t., Darke co., O. It has 2 sch. 30 
scholars. Pop. 577. 

Richland, t., Fairfield co., O. It contains the 
v. of Rushvillle. Pop. 1,992. 

Richland, t., Guernsey co., O., 95 e. by n. 
Columbus. It contains Senecaville, Uniontown 
and Point Pleasant villages. Pop. 1,777. 

Richland, t., Hancock co., O. It has 5 sch 
135 scholars. Pop. 332. 

Richland, t., Henry co., O. It has 3 sch. 80 
scholars. Pop. 542. 

Richland, t., Holmes co., O. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $3,800; 2 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 
2 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,150. 
Pop. 1,092. 

Richland, t., Jackson co., O. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $400 ; 2 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$1,559. Pop. 543. 

Richland, t., Miami co., la. It has I store, 
cap. $4,000 ; 3 sch. 89 scholars. Pop. 362. 

Richland, t., Madison co.. Ark. Pop. 452. 

Richland, t., Phillips co.. Ark. It has 2 dis- 
tilleries, 3 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $4,600. 
Pop. $530. 

Richland, t., Washington co., Ark. It has 1 
tannery, 1 distillery, 2 grist m., 2 saw ra. Cap. 
in manufac. $1,350. Pop. 353. 

Richland, p-v., Giles co., Tenn., 69 s. Nash- 
ville, 719 W. 

Richland, p-v., Holmes co., Miss. 

Richland, p-v., Stewart co., Ga., 127 s. w. 
Milledgeville, 783 W. 

Richland, p-t., JefTerson co., Ark., 70 s. e. 
Little Rock, 1,124 W. It has 4 grist m. Cap. in 
manufac. $2,000. Pop. 594. 

Richland, p-t., Kalamazoo co., Mich., 135 w. 
Detroit, 600 W. It consists of a large and beauti- 
ful prairie, called Gull prairie. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $7,000 ; 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $150. 
1 acad. 20 students, 6 sch. 176 scholars. Pop. 518. 

Richland, p-v., Henderson co., Ky., 178 w. by 
s. Frankfort, 705 W. 

Richland, p-v.. Rush co., la., 51 E. s. E. In- 
dianapolis, 545 W. 

Richland, p-v., Sangamon co., Ill.,10 n. Spring- 
field, 790 W. 

Richland, t., Kalamazoo co., Mich. It has 2 
stores, cap. $7,000 ; 2 saw m. 1 acad. 20 students, 
6 sch. 176 scholars. Pop. 518. 

Richland, p-o., Greene co.. Mo. 

Richland Creek, p-o., Washington co.. Ark., 
189 N. w. Little Rock, 1,198 W. 



Richland Hill, p-o., E. Feliciana par.. La., 
123 n. w. New Orleans, 1,120 W. 

Richland's, po., Tazewell co., Va., 314 w. 
Richmond, 369 W. 

Richlands, p-o., Onslow co., N. C, 128 s. e. 
Raleigh, 358 W. It contains a Methodist church, 
1 store, and 8 inhabitants. 

RiCHLANDTowN, p-v., Bucks CO., Pa., 105 e. 
Harrisburg, 178 W. 

Richmond, county, N. Y. Situated in the s. 
part of the state, and contains the whole of Staten 
Lsland. Its area is about 63 sq. ms., and is divided 
into 4 townships. The surface is broken and 
hilly. Richmond hill, the highest point, is 307 
feet above the level of Ihe ocean. It contains 
much good land, and valuable fisheries on its 
coast. It contains .several beds of hematic iron 
ore, and other minerals. It has strong fortifica- 
tions at the Narrows. Steamboats run to New 
York many times daily. Capital, Richmond. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 2,517, sheep 136, 
swine 3,180 ; wheat 18,989 bush, produced, rye 
8,865, Ind. corn 36,347, buckwheat 4,238, barley 
5,819, oats 33,793, potatoes 47,712 ; 49 stores, cap. 
,$58,870 ; cap. invested in the fi.sheries, $36,000 ; 
1 dyeing and printing establishment, 1 tannery, 
14 flouring m., 8 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 printing 
otHce, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. 
$272,415. 1 acad. 25 students, 14 sch. 604 scho- 
lars. Pop. 10,965. 

Richmond, county, Va. Situated in the e. part 
of the state, and contains 200 sq. ms. Rappahan- 
nock r. bounds it on the s. w. Capital, Richmond 
C. H. There were in 1840, neat cattle, 6,996, 
sheep 4.738, swine 14,329; wheat 43,224 bush, 
produced, rye 1,014, Ind. corn 231,493, oats 25,920, 
potatoes 5,434, tobacco 5,733 pounds, cotton 9,252 ; 
12 stores, cap. $27,200 ; 8 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $15,850. 9 sch. 170 scholars. Pop. 
whites 3,092, slaves 2,363, free coPd 510: total, 
5,963. 

Richmond, county, N. C. Situated in the s. 
part of the stale, and contains 540 sq. ms. Great 
Pedee r. runs on its s. w. border, and Lumber r. 
on its E. border. Drained by branches of Little 
Pedee r. Capital, Rockingham. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 10,653, sheep 7,226, swine 18,841 ; 
wheat 20,317 bush, produced, rye 1,649, Ind. corn 
247,169, oats 12,942, potaloes 31,171, tobacco 4,715 
pounds, cotton 1,794,154 ; 8 stores, cap. $27,804; 
1 cotton fac. 1,000 sp., 1 tannery, 13 flouring m., 
40 grist m., 15 sawm. Cap. in manufac. $72,718. 
6 acad. 219 students, 8 sch. 233 scholars. Pop. 
1830, 9,326 ; 1840, whites 4,693, slaves 3,880, free 
col'd 336 ; total 8,909. 

Richmond, county, Ga. Situated in the e. 
part of the state, and contains 381 sq. ms. Sa- 
vannah r. runs on its n. e. border, and Brier cr. 
on its s. w., by branches of which it is watered. 
The railroad from Augusta to Decatur crosses its 
n. part. Capital, Augusta. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 5,449, sheep 75S, swine 10,797; wheat 
1,670 bushels produced, Ind. corn 183,015, oats 
1,912, potatoes 28,079, cotton 692,275 pounds; 
265 stores, cap. $1,281,870; 12 commission 
houses, cap. $215,000 ; 2 furnaces, 2 cotton fac. 
2,000 sp., 1 flouring m., 15 grist m., 18 saw m., 2 
printing offices, 2 periodicals, 2 daily, 4 weekly, 
and 2 semi-weekly newspapers. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $182,500. 8 acad. 224 students, 4 sch. 36 
scholars. Pop. whites 5,650, slaves 6,096, free 
col'd 186; total, 11,932. 

Richmond, p-t., Lincoln co., Me., 15 s. by w. 
Augusta, 585 W. Situated on the w. side of 
Kennebec r. A mill stream passes through it to 
the s., and enters the Kennebec at Merrymeeling 
bay. Incorporated in 1823. It has some navi- 



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gation, and vessels are built here. It has 12 
stores, cap. $22,850 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 1 saw 
m. Cap. in manufiac. $31,000. 1 acad. 50 stu- 
dents, 9 sch. 472 scholars. Pop. 1,60-1. 

RiCHiMOND, p-t., Cheshire co., N. IL, 61 s. w. 
Concord, 424 W. Situated on the s. border of 
the state. The surface is mostly level : soil, 
moderately lertile. Drained by branches of 
Ashuelot r. A pond in its s. part flows into Mil- 
lers r. Chartered m 1752. It has 15 sch. 418 
scholars. Pop. 1,165. 

Richmond, p-t., Chittenden co., Vt., 13 s. e. 
Burlington, 27 vv. n. w. Montpelicr, 513 W 
Onion r. runs on its n. border. Huntington r 
runs through it. These streams aflbrd water 
power. The surface is uneven, with extensive 
and fertile flats along the streams. At the cen- 
tre is a church with 16 sides, with a neat steeple 
rising from the centre, and wliich is occupied by 
several denominations. The stage road from 
Burlington to Montpelier passes along the .\. side 
of Onion r. It has 3 stores, cap. $5,100 ; 1 full- 
ing m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tamieries, 6 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $3,800. 8 sch. 210 scholars. 
Pop. 1,054. 

Richmond, p-t., Berkshire co., Mass., 142 w. 
Boston, 369 W. It occupies a fertile valley, 3 
ms. wide, with mountains on the e. and w. The 
soil is ferlile and well cultivated. Drained by a 
branch of Housatonic r. It has 4 stores, cap. 
$12,000 ; 1 tannery, 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$2,000. 1 acad. 9 students, 5 sch. 183 scholars. 
Pop. 1,097. 

Richmond, t., Washington co., R. I., 30 s. s. 
Providence. The surface is uneven ; soil, a 
gravelly loam, well adapted to grazing. Wood 
r. runs on its w. border, and Charles r. on the s., 
several branches of which water the interior, 
and all afford good water power. Stonington 
railroad passes through the s. e. corner of the t. 
It has 2 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 6 cotton fac. 
7,038 sp., 1 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $113,400. 
2 sch. 50 scholars. Pop. 1,36). 

Richmond, t., Ontario co., N. Y., 14 w. Canan- 
daigua, 209 w. Albany. The surface is hilly; 
soil, clay loam. Honeoye lake lies partly in the 
s. part. Drained by its outlet n. It has 6 stores, 
cap. $3:-!,600 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 3 tan- 
neries, 1 distillery, 2 flouring m., 1 grist m., 3 
saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $54,600. 1 
acad. 25 students, 14 sch. 641 scholars Pop. 
1,937. 

Richmond, p-v., capital of Richmond co., N. 
Y., 159 s. by w. Albany, 237 W. Pleasantly 
situated near the centre of Staten Island, and 
contains a court house and jail, 1 Presbyterian 
and 1 Episcopal church, 3 stores, 30 dwellings, 
and about 200 inhabitants. 

Richmond, t., Crawford co., Pa. It has cap. 
in manufac. $900. 5 sch. 90 scholars. Pop. 
771. 

Richmond, t., Tioga co., Pa. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $2,800 ; 1 fulling ra., 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 
9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $13,350. 2 sch. 82 
scholars. Pop. 742. 

Richmond, t., Berks co.. Pa. The surface is 
level ; soil, calcareous loam and gravel, fertile 
and well cultivated. It contains 2 ciiurches, 
eommon to Lutherans and Presbyterians. Wa- 
tered by Moslem creek, which affords water 
power. Iron ore is found on the border of 
Maiden creek t., adjoining. It has 5 stores, cap. 
$16,600 ; 1 furnace, 4 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac $12,000. Pop. 1,9'J7. 

Richmond, p-v.. Lower Mount Bethel t., 
Northampton co., Pa., 119 e. n. e. Ilarrisburg, 
212 W. Situated ou a small stream, 2 miles w. 



of Delaware r. It contains 2 stores, 2 tanneries, 
and about 25 dwellings. 

Richmond, city and port of entry, and capital 
of Henrico co., and of the state of Virginia, is 
situated on James r., at the lower falls, at the 
iiead of tidewater, and is in 37° 30' n. lat., and 
77? 31' w. Ion. from Greenwich, and 0° 27' w. 
Ion. from W. It is 23 miles n. from Petersburg!! ; 
and 117 s. by w. from W. The population in 
ISOO was 5,737 ; in 1810, 9,785 ; in 1820, 12,067 ; 
in 1830, 16,060 ; in 1840, 20,153. It is beautifully 
located on the w. side of the r., between 50 and 
60 miles above City Point, and 150 miles above 
the mouth of tlie river. It is directly opposite 
to Manchester, to which it is connected by 2 
bridges. The situation is healthy and highly 
picturesque. The deaths do not exceed 1 in 85 
of the population, annually. Shockoe and Rich- 
mond hills stand opposite to each other, and 
Shockoe creek, an active stream, passes between 
them ; and the city is spread over these hills, and 
along the margin of the creek. The elevations 
present m;iny picturesque views of the city, of 
James r., and of the surrounding country. The 
city contains about 1,400 houses, a large propor- 
tion of which are of brick, with slated roofs. The 
city is regularly laid out, the streets generally 
crossing each other at right angles. The city 
plat covers an area of about three and a half 
square miles, but a moderate portion of which is 
yet covered with buildings. The houses are 
neat and convenient, and mauy of them are ele- 
gant. In the western division of the city, on an 
elevated plain, denominated Shockoe Hill, stands 
the Capitol. It has a very commanding situation, 
in the centre of a beautiful public square, of an 
oblong form, containing about 8 acres, ornamented 
with grass plats and gravelled walks. It is a spa- 
cious and elegant building, surrounded on 3 sides 
by a lofty portico of the Ionic order. In the centre 
of a spacious hall, in the middle of the building, 
stands a marble statue of Washington, executed 
in Paris. Near it is a marble bust of Lafayette. 
In one angle of Capitol Square stands the City 
Hall, decorated at each end by a fine Doric por- 
tico of 4 columns. On the eastern part of Capi- 
tol Square is a house erected lor the residence of 
the governor of the state. . In another angle of 
the same square is the county court house. In 
the western suburbsof the city is the State Peni- 
tentiary, a large building, in the form of a hollow 
square, 300 feet long and 110 feet broad, with 
several acres of ground connected with it. lu 
the suburbs of the city, on the n., is the Alms- 
house, a spacious building, surrounded by exten- 
sive groinids. The other public buildings are a 
county and city jail, an orphan asylum, a theatre, 
a museum, 2 markets, an armory 320 by 280 
feet, an academy, and a masonic hall. The city 
is supplied by water, which is elevated by water 
power, and 2 forcing pumps, into 3 large reser- 
voirs, containing 1,000,000 gallons each, from 
which it is distributed over the city, and forms a 
great resource hi case of fire, as well as a supply 
ibr the inhabitants. The cost of these works 
was about $120,000. 

There are two banks in the city. There arc 
16 churches, of which the Episcopalians have 3, 
the Presbyterians 3, the Baptists 3, the Methodists 
3, the Roman Catholics, Friends, Unitarians, one 
each, and the Jews have a synagogue. Some of 
the churches are large and elegant buildings. 

Richmond is well situated for commerce. Ves- 
sels drawing 10 feet of water come to Rockets, 
about a mile below the centre of the city; and 
those drawing 15 feet to Warwick, 3 miles below 
the city. The falls in James r. are obviated by 



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the canal, and above them it is navigable for 
boats 2-20 miles. Regular lines of packets con- 
nect this city with New York and other places, 
and it is connected by steamboats to Nor- 
folk. The principal articles of exportation are 
wheat, flour, and tobacco. The exports amount 
to about $3,000,OOJ annually. The tonnage of 
this port in 1840, was 6,911. 

The manufactures of Richmond are also exten- 
sive. The falls of the James river afford a water 
power of unlimited extent. There were in 1840, 
17 foreign commercial and 29 conmiission houses, 
cap. $3,062,000; 256 retail stores, cap. $1,616,450; 
3 hunber yards, cap. $24,000 ; 4 furnaces, and 8 
forges, &c., cap. $317,900; machinery produced 
amounted to $128,000; 1 cotton fac. 5,810 sp., 
cap. $175,000 ; tobacco manufactories, capital 
$492,250; 1 paper fac, cap. $75,000; 21 flouring 
m., 2 grist m., 3 saw m., total cap. $51,000; 8 
printing oflices, 1 bindery, 2 daily, 6 weekly, 
and 2 semi-weekly newspapers, and 1 periodi<;al, 
cap. $48,700. Total cap. in manufac. $1,372,950. 
1 college 63 students, 13 acad. 753 students, 14 
sch. 673 scholars. 

Richmond was founded by an act of the legis- 
lature of the state, in 1742; and the seat of go- 
vernment was removed from Williamsburg to 
this place in 1780. In 1787 it contained about 
300 houses. The canal around the falls of James 
river, which has added so much to the commer- 
cial advantages of Riclimond, was completed in 
1794. December 26th, 181 1, the theatre of Rich- 
mond took fire, during an exhiliition, when 600 
persons were present, of whom 66 white per.^ons 
and 6 people of color lost their lives. Among 
the former was George William Smith, Esq., the 
governor of the state. To commemorate this sad 
event, an Episcopal, denominated tlie Monumen- 
tal ( 'hurch, has been erected on the spot. It is 
an octangular building, two sides projecting and 
forming wings ; and it lias a monument in front. 

Richmond, p-v., Dallas co., Ala., 104 s. Tusca- 
loosa, 879 

Richmond, p-v., capital of Madison par.. La., 
200 N. w. New Orleans. Situated on the w. side 
of the Roundaway Bayou, at its junction with 
Brushy Bayou, 10 ms. w. of the Mississippi r. It 
contains a court house and a few dwellings. 

Richmond, p-v., Bedford co., Tenn., 70 s. 
Nashville, 694 W. 

Richmond, p-v., capital of Madison co., Ky., 
48 s. E. Frankfort, 546 W. Situated on a small 
branch of Kentucky r. It contains a court house, 
jail, 8 stores, and 822 inhabitants. 

Richmond, p-v., Salem t., JefTerson co., O., 11 
w. Steubenville, 134 e. by n. Columbus, 275 W. 
It contains 1 large brick church, 4 stores, a print- 
ing office, 60 dwellings, and about 400 inhab- 
itants. 

Richmond, p-t., Macomb co., Mich. Watered 
by Belle r., and by the e. fork of Clinton branch 
of Red r., and by head branches of South r., 
which 2 last flow into Lake St. Clair. It has 6 
sch. 123 scholars. Pop. 602. 

Richmond, p-v., Wayne co., la., 68 E. Indian- 
apolis, 503 W. 

Richmond, p-v., capital of Ray co.. Mo., 142 
w. N. w. Jefferson City, 1,045 W. Situated on 
the .s. side of Elkhorn cr., and contains a court 
house, jail, and about 500 inhabitants. 

Richmond City, p v.. Lake co., O., 177 n. e. 
Columbus, 351 W. Situated on the w. side of 
Cirand r., \i ms. from its entrance into Lake Erie. 
It lias several stores and warehouses, a steam m., 
and a ship-yard. It is at the head of navigation, 
on the r., and steamboats and vessels come to its 
wharves. It divides the business of the region 



with Fairport, nearly opposite, on the E. side of 
the r., and Painsville in the vicinity. 

Richmond Dale, p-o., Richmond t., Ross co., 
O., 51 s. Columbus, 392 W. 

Richmond, t., Huron co., O. It has 3 saw in. 
Cap. in manufac. $2,200. 2 sch. 35 scholars. 
Pop. 306. 

Richmond Factory, p-o., Richmond co., Ga., 
102 e. Milledgeville. 

Richmond Valley, p-o., Westfield t., Rich- 
mond CO., N. Y., 167 s. Albany, 245 W. 

RicHMONDviLLE, p-v., Richmond t., Lincoln 
CO., Me., 20 s. Augusta, 590 W. Situated on the 
w. side of Kennebec r. 

Richmondville, p-v., Cobleskill t., Schoharie 
CO., N. Y., 47 w. Albany, 331 W. It contains 3 
stores, I clothier's works and carding machme, 
25 dwellings, and about 150 inhabitants. 

Rich Square, p o., Northampton co., N. C, 
124 N. e. Raleigh, 227 W. 

Rich Valley, p-o., Wythe co., Va. 

Rich Valley, p-o., Bedford co., Tenn., 64 s. 
Nashville, 687 W. 

Richville, p-v., De Kalb t., St. Lawrence 
CO., N. Y., 187 N. w. Albany, 456 W. It contains 
2 churches, 1 store, 1 grist in., 1 saw m., 1 cloth- 
ier's works, 30 dwellings, and about 150 inhabit- 
ants. 

Rich Wood, p-o., Union co., O., 57 n. w. Co- 
lumbus, 447 W. 

Rich Woods, p-o., Izard co., Ark., 120 .\. Little' 
Rock, 1,076 W. 

Ridge, or Rigdc Road, is an elevated alluvial 
way, consisting of beach, sand, and gravel stones, 
6 or 8 rods wide, extending from the Genesee r. 
near Rochester, to the Niagara r. near Lewiston, 
on which is an excellent road, from 6 to 10 ms. 
s. of the shore of Lake Ontario. It seems to have 
formerly bounded tlie lake on the s. 

Ridge, p-o., Mount Morris t., Livingston co., 
N. Y., 246 w. Albany, 357 W. 

Ridge, p-o., St. Marys co., Md., 110 s. Anna- 
polis, 87 W. 

Ridge, p-o., Edgefield dist., S. C, 40 w. Co- 
lumbia, 538 W. 

Ridge, p-o., Troy t., Madison co., EL, 81 s. 
Springfield, 787 W. 

Ridge, t., Llancock co., O. It has 1 grist m. 
Cap. in manufac. $600. 3 sch. 127 scholars. 
Pop. 477. 

Ridge, t.. Van Wert co., O. Pop. 211. 

Ridgeburv, p-v., Ridgefield t., Fairfield co., 
Ct., 74 s. w. Hartford, 2S7 W. Situated in the 
N. part of Ridgefield, and contains a Congrega- 
tional cliurch and a number of dwellings. 

RiDGEBURY, p-v., Miuisiiik t. Orange co., N. 
Y., 113 .s. by w. Albany, 270 W. It contains 1 
church, an academy, 3 stores, 30 dwellings, and 
about 180 inhabitants. 

RiDGEBURY, p-t., Bradford co.. Pa., 18 n. w. 
Towanda. The surface is hilly ; soil, gravelly 
loam. Drained by Bentley and South creeks, 
which flow into Tioga r., in N. Y. It has 7 sch. 
260 scholars. Pop. 1,214. 

Ridge Farm, p-o., Vermilion co.. 111. 

Ridgefield, p-t., Fairfield co., Ct., 31 w^ by 
N. New Haven, 81 s. w. Hartford, 2n W. The 
surface is elevated, commanding a fine view of 
Long Island sound, which is 14 ms. distant, and 
the adjacent country. The soil is a fertile grav- 
elly loam. Drained by Saugatuck and Norwalk 
rivers, which afford water power, and an e. 
branch of Crotoii r. The v. is pleasantly situated 
on a street 1 m. long, and contains 3 churches — 
1 Congregational, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Methodist — 
an academy, several stores, 1 extensive carriage 
liic, 1 cabinet furniture inc., and about 60 dwell- 



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ings. It has 12 stores, cap. $26,000 ; 1 lumber 
yard, cap. $6,000 ; 1 furnace, 1 fulling m., 2 tan- 
neries, 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in mannfac. 
$93,100. 3 acad. 44 students, 14 sch. 392 scho- 
lars. Pop. 2,474. 

RiDGEviLLE, p-0., Lenox t., Madison co., N. 
Y., 122 w. by n. Albany, 369 W. 

RiDGEViLLE, p-o., Carroll co., Md. 

RiDGEViLLE, p-o., Hampshire co., Va., 203 n. 
N. w. Richmond, 131 W. 

RiDGEViLLE, p-v., Butler CO., Ala., 128 s. s. E. 
Tuscaloosa, 894 W. 

RiDGEViLLE, p-v., Warren co., O., 79 s. w. 
Columbus, 465 W. 

RiDGEViLLE Corners, p-o., Henry co., O. 

RiDGEWAY, p-t., Orleans co., N. Y., 10 w. Al- 
bion, 262 w. by n. Albany, 400 W. The surface 
is chiefly level ; soil, fertile. Drained by Oak 
Orchard cr. It contains 5 post-offices. It has 
20 stores, cap. $128,694 ; 2 fulling m., 2 woollen 
fac, 1 furnace, 2 tanneries, 1 brewery, 2 printing 
offices, 2 weekly newspapers, 3 flouring m., 2 
grist ni., 11 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $199,450. 
1 acad. 97 students, 21 sch. 989 scholars. Pop. 
3,554. 

RiDGEWAY, t., Jefferson co., Pa. It has 1 store, 
cap. $300 ; 1 tannery, 7 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $25,700. 1 sch. 30 scholars. Pop. 195. 

RiDGEWAY, t., Bradford co.. Pa. The surface 
is rolling ; soil, fertile. Drained by Toby's and 
Kersey's creeks, and Clarion r., and their tributa- 
ries. It has 3 stores, cap. $6,500; 1 tannery, 1 
grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,750. 
7 sch. 260 scholars. Pop. 1,214. 

RiDGEWAY, p-v., Jefferson co., Va., 161 n. 
Richmond, 253 W. 

RiDGEWAY, p-o., Gallia co., O. 

RiDGEWAY, p-v., Lenawee co., Mich., 61 s. w. 
Detroit, 513 W. It contains a store and a steam 
saw m. 

RiDGEWAY, p-o., Warren co., N. C, 57 n. e. 
Raleigh, 231 W. 

RiDGEWAY, p-o., Iowa CO., Wis., 35 w. Madi- 
son, 882 W. 

Ridley, t., Delaware co.. Pa. It has 2 sch. 
Ill scholars. Pop. 1,075. 

RiENZA, p-v., Tishemingo co.. Miss., 233 n. E. 
Jackson, 838 W. 

Riga, p-o., Litchfield co., Ct., 56 w. Hartford, 
332 W. 

Riga, p-t., Monroe co., N. Y., 241 w. by \. 
Albany, 382 W. The surface is undulating ; soil, 
fertile. Drained by Black cr. The Tonawanda 
railroad passes through the t. It has 3 stores, 
cap. $11,000 ; 4 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 fur- 
nace, 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 2 grist m., 6 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $30,895. 2 acad. 65 stu- 
dents, 14 sch. 774 scholars. Pop. 1,984. 

Riga, p-o., Lucas co., O., 152 n. w. Columbus, 
483 W. 

RiGGS Cross Roads, p-o., Williamson co., 
Tenn., 31 s. Nashville, 694 W. 

Riley, t., St. Clair co., Mich. It has 2 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $4,200. Pop. 114. 

Riley, p-o., Vigo co., la., 83 w. s. w. Indian- 
apolis, 654 W. 

Riley, t.. Pope co.. Ark. It has 1 tannery. 
Cap. in manufac. $900. Pop. 393. 

Rileysville, p-v., Wayne co., Pa., 191 n. e. 
Harrisburg, 285 W. 

RiNDGE, p-t., Cheshire co., N. H., 67 s. s. w. 
Concord, 435 W. Tiie surface is moderately 
uneven; soil, productive. It contains 13 ponds. 
Of these, 3 flow into Miller's r., which flows into 
Connecticut r., and 3 into Contoocook r., which 
flows into the Merrimac. It therefore contains 
the dividing ridge, which is very narrow, between 



the waters of Connecticut r. and Merrimac r. 
Iron ore is found here, and a paint resembling 
Spanish-brown. Incorporated in 1768. It has 
4 stores, cap. $9,500; 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 7 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $14,150. 13 sch. 393 
scholars. Pop. 1,161. 

RiNGOEs, p-v., Amwell t., Hunterdon co., N. 
J., 19 N. w. Trenton, 176 W. Situated at the 
foot of Rock mountain, and contains 1 Presbyte- 
rian church, an academy, 3 stores, 1 cotton fac, 
1 woollen fac, 1 grist m., and about 40 dwellings. 

Ripley, county, la. Situated in the s. e. part 
of the state, and contains 400 sq. ms. The sur- 
face is generally level ; soil, fertile, adapted to 
grain. Drained by Laugherty and Graham's 
creeks, which flow into the Ohio. Capital, Ver- 
sailles. There were in 1840, neat cattle 6,200, 
sheep 5,433, swine 6,333 ; wheat 22,173 bush, 
produced, Ind. corn 115,883, oats 153,413, potatoes 
9,191, tobacco 5,051 pounds, sugar 19,886; 22 
stores, cap. $44,350 ; 7 tanneries, 1 distillery, 3 
flouring m., 5 grist m., 13 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $13,537. 1 acad. 20 students, 2 sch. 70 
scholars. Pop. 10,392. 

Ripley, county, Mo. Situated toward the s. 
E. part of the state, and contains 1,080 sq. ms. 
The surface is hilly ; soil, fertile on the streams. 
Drained by Big Black, Current, and Eleven 
Point rivers. Capital, Van Buren. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 4,405, sheep 2,769, swine 
12,624 ; wheat 7,442 bush, produced, Ind. corn 
161,503, oats 5,791, potatoes 3,539, tobacco 
19,529 pounds, cotton 7,315, sugar 5,220 ; 6 stores, 
cap. $8,150; 8 distilleries, 20 grist m., 14 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $37,390. 5 sch. 60 scholars. 
Pop. whites 2,777, slaves 77, free col'd 2 ; total, 
2,856. 

Ripley, p-t., Somerset co.. Me., 30 n. e. Nor- 
vidgewock, 66 n. by e. Augusta, 661 W. The 
soil is fertile, adapted to grain. It has a pond 
which forms the source of Sebasticook r. In- 
corporated in 1816. It has 2 stores, cap. $1,000; 
1 tannery, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $2,100. 5 schools, 264 scholars. Pop. 591. 

Ripley, p-t., Chautauque co., N. Y., 10 w 
Mayville, 350 w. by s. Albany, 353 W. The 
surface is hilly ; soil, mostly clay loam, mixed 
with sand, and fertile. Drained by Twenty 
3Iile cr., flowing into Lake Erie, which bounds 
it on the n. It is the westernmost town in the 
state, and contains the v. of Quiney. It has 1 
store, cap. .$7,000 ; 1 fulling m., 4 tanneries, 3 
gristm., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $19,208. 2 
acad. 35 students, 17 sch. 747 scholars. Pop. 2,197. 

Ripley, p-v.. Union t.. Brown co., O., 115 s. 
w. Columbus, 474 W. Situated on the \. side of 
Ohio r., immediately below the mouth of Red 
Oak cr., 56 ms. above Cincinnati. It contains 1 
Presbyterian and 1 Methodist church, a college, 
12 stores, 1 iron foundry, 1 engine fac, 2 steam 
saw m., 1 steam woollen fac, 1 oil m., 2 carding 
machines, 2 tanneries, 1 steamboat yard, 1013 
dwellings, and about 800 inhabitants. 

Ripley, t.. Holmes co., O. It has 3 sch. 122 
scholars. Pop. 1,269. 

Ripley, t., Huron co., O. It has 6 sch. 181 
scholars. Pop. 805. 

Ripley, p-v., Browii co.. 111. 

Ripley, p-v., capital of Lauderdale co., Tenn., 
175 w. Nashville, 857 W. Situated on Cane 
cr., a branch of Big Hatchee r. It contains a 
court house, jail, an academy, and 250 inhabitants. 

Ripley, p-v., capital of Tippah co., Miss., 207 
X. N. E. Jackson, 864 W. It contains a court 
house, jail, and 150 inhabitants. 
I RiPLKV s, p o., Tyler co., Va., 300 n. w. Rich- 
! mond, 268 W. 



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571 



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RiPLEYViLLK, p-0., Ripley t., Huron co., O., 
89 N. by E. Columbus, 388 W. 

KiPi-oN, p-t., Addison co., Vt., 51 s. w. Mont- 
pelier, 481.) W. The surface is mountainous and 
brolien. Watered by Middlebury r., which af- 
fords water pow er, and along which is some good 
land. It has 1 tannery, 5 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
i(ic. $7,200. 3 sch. 79 scholars. Population, 
357. 

RisDON, p-0., Seneca co., O., 93 n. Columbus, 
438 W. Pop. 27. 

RiSDON, p-v., St. Clair co., 111., 121 s. Spring- 
field, 831 W. 

RisiKG Fawn, p-o., Dade co., Ga., 252 n. w. 
Milledgeville, 640 W. 

Rising Su.n, p-v., Philadelphia co., Pa., 101 
E. s. E. Harrisburg, 141 VV. Situated on the 
Gerraantown road, 3 ms. from Pliiladelphia, and 
contains 4 stores, and about 70 dweUings. 

Rising Sun, p-o., Cecil co., JVId., 82 n. e. An- 
napolis, 92 W. 

Rising Sun, p-v.. Dearborn co., la., 95 s. e. 
Indianapolis, 526 W. Situated on the n. bank 
of the Ohio r. 

Rising Sun, p-o., Van Buren co., Iowa. 

RiciiiEviLLE, p-v., Dinwiddle co., Va., 41 s. 
Richmond, 160 W. 

RiTTERsviLLE, p-0., Lehigh CO., Pa., 91 e. n. 
E. Harrisburg, 184 W. 

River, p-o., ("larion co., Pa., 204 w. N. w. 
Harrisburg, 270 W. 

River Head, p-o.. New London co., Ct., 49 s. 
K. Hartford, 384 W. 

River Head, p-t., capital of Suffolk co., N. Y., 
226 s. s. E. Albany, 306 W. (Post-office called 
Suffolk C. H.) The surface is mostly level, 
with a broken range of sand cliffs on Long Island 
sound, which bounds it on the n. The soil is 
chiefly sandy loam. Drained by Peconic r., 
flowing E. into Little Peconic bay. The v. is 
situated at the head of navigation on Peconic 
bay, and contains a county hall and a surrogate's 
office. The courts have set here for more than 
half a century. It has a Congregational and a 
New Jerusalem church, an academy, a number 
of stores of various kinds, various mechanic 
shops, 70 dwellings, many of them neat, and 
about 450 inhabitants. Wood is extensively ex- 
ported to New York, which is loaded into the 
larger vessels 5i ms. below, at Jainesport. 
There are in the t. 17 stores, cap. $45,000 ; 3 
lumber yards, cap. $5,800 ; 1 lulling m., 1 woollen 
fac, 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $22,300. 14 sch. 651 scholars. Pop. 2,449. 

River Road Forks, p-o., Mt. Morris t., Liv- 
ingston CO., N. Y., 247 w. Albany, 353 W. 

River Side, p-o., Ulster co., N. Y. 

River Stvx, p-o., Guilford t., Medina co., O., 
125 N. E. Columbus, 346 W. 

River Town, p-v., Campbell co.. Ga., 108 w. 
N. w. Milledgeville, 705 W. 

Rives, p-v.. Wilson co., Tenn., 33 e. Nash- 
ville, 661 W. 

Rives, p-v., Richland co., O., 79 n. n. e. Co- 
lumbus, 380 W. 

Rives, C. IL, p-v., and capital of Henry co.. 
Mo., 107 w. by s. Jefferson City, 1,043 W. It 
contains a court house, jail, and a number of 
dweUings. 

RivEsviLLE, p-v., Monongalia co., Va., 282 n. 
w. Richmond, 215 W. 

RiXEYViLLE, p-v., Culpepper co., Va., 107 n. 
N. w. Richmond, 67 W. 

Road Hall, p-o., Lycoming co.. Pa., 83 n. 
Harrisburg, 193 W. 

Roadstown, p-v., Cumberland co., N. J., 68 
s. by w. Trenton, 179 V\''. 



Roadville, p-v., Charleston dist., S. C, 110 
s. E. Columbia, 54S W. 

Roane, county, Tenn. Situated centrally 
toward the e. part of the state, and contains 600 
sq. ms. Watered by Tennessee and Clinch 
rivers and their branches. Soil, fertile. Capi- 
tal, Kingston. Tliere were in 1840, neat cattle 
11,140, slK-ep 10,970, swine 43,034 ; wheat 71,520 
bush, produced, Ind. corn 639,064, oats 148,962, 
potatoes 18,061, tobacco 2,695 pounds, cotton 
24,151; 12 stores, cap. §199,600; 1 furnace, 4 
forges, 1 cotton fac. 504 sp., 8 tanneries, 18 dis- 
tilleries, 15 flouring m., 37 grist m., 22 saw m., 1 
oil m. Cap. in manufac. $^4,625. 1 acad. 30 
students, 4 sch. 88 scholars. Pop. whites 9,590 
slaves 1,298, free col'd 60; total, 10,948. 

Roane, t.. La Fayette co., Ark. Pop. 703. 

Roanoke, r., Va. and N. C, is formed by the 
junction of Staunton and Dan rivers, near the s. 
boundary of Va., and flows into the head of 
Albemarle sound. It is navigable to the great 
falls at Halifax, 75 ms , for vessels of 45 tons. 
A canal round tlie falls opens the navigation for 
batteaux, to the junction of Staunton and Dan 
rivers, both of winch are navigable some distance 
for boats of 5 tons. 

Roanoke, county, Va. Situated s. w. of the 
centre of the state, and contains 370 sq. ms. 
Drained by head branches of Staunton r. Capi- 
tal, Roanoke C. H. Tiiere were in 1840, neat 
cattle 5,337, sheep 6,087, swine 10,681; wheat 
140,506 bush, produced, rye 13,536, Ind. corn 
181,534, buckwheat 278, oats 98,246, potatoes 
6,303, tobacco 599,273 ; 13 stores, cap. $47,200 ; 
1 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 3 dis- 
tilleries, 8 flouring m., 12 grist m., 16 saw m., 1 
oil m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly, 1 daily news- 
paper. Cap. in manutac. $39,675. 2 acad. 104 
students, 5 sch. 98 scholars. Pop. whites 3,843, 
slaves 1,553, free col'd 101 ; total, 5,499. 

Roanoke, v., Stafford t., Genesee co., N. Y. 
Situated on Allen's cr., and contains 2 stores, 1 
flouring m., 1 saw m., 1 plaster m., 1 furnace, and 
about 150 inhabitants. 

RoA.xoKE, p-v., Randolph co., Ala., 176 e. Tus- 
caloosa, 765 W. 

Roanoke, p-v., Randolph co.. Mo., 75 n. n. w. 
Jefferson City, 972 W. 

Roanoke Bridge, p-o., Charlotte co., Va., 89 
s. w. Richmond, 180 W. It contains a store and 
1 mill. 

Roaring Spring, p-v., Smyth co., Va., 274 w. 
by s. Richmond, 335 W. Situated on Cripple cr., 
20 ms. above its entrance into New r. 

RoBB, t., Posey co., la. It has 4 stores, cap. 
$10,000 ; 1 saw m. Pop. 1,098. 

Robertson, county, Tenn. Situated in the N. 
part of the state, and contains 300 sq. ms. Drained 
by branches of Red r. and by Sycainoro cr., which 
bounds it on the s. Capital, Sprinslield. Tliere 
were in 1840, neat caltio 9,73(), slieep 12,015, 
swine 43,033; wheat 86,068 bush, produced, rye 
7,416, Ind. corn 43,993, oats 97,289, potatoes 8,280, 
tobacco 1,168,833 pounds, cotton 12,394; 10 stores, 
cap. §65,000; 1 cotton fac. 212 sp., 5 tanneries, 
19 distilleries, 6 flouring m., 30 grist m., 22 saw 
m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly and 7 periodical 
newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $29,136. Pop. 
whites 9,977, slaves 3,790, free col'd 34 ; total, 
13,801. 

Robertson's Store, p-o., Pittsylvania co., 
Va., 155 w. s. w. Richmond, 238 W. 

Robertson's Store, p-o., Lincoln co., Tenn., 
100 s. Nashville, 729 W. 

RoBEiiTSviLLE, p-v., Beaufort dist., S. C, 137 
s. Columbia, 643 W. Situated on Black or., a 
branch of Savannah r. 



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KoBERTSViLLE, p-v., Anderson CO., Teim., 166 
E. Nashville, 523 W. 

Robeson, county, N. C. Situated in the s. 
part of the state, and contains 700 sq. ms. Drain- 
ed by Lumber r. and by head branches of Little 
Pedee r. Capital, Lumberton. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 14,830, sheep 12,313, swine 
29,274 ; wheat 2,646 bush, produced, Ind. corn 
248,1'.)5, oats 1,579, potatoes 34,632, cotton 547,595 
pounds; 6 stores, cap. $21,0u0; 1 tannery, 58 
grist m., 13 saw m., 2 acad. 61 students, — sch. 
1,126 scholars. Pop. whites 6,262, slaves 2,885, 
free col'd 1,223 ; total, 10,370. 

Robeson, p-t., Berks co.. Pa. Bounded on the 
N. E. by Schuylkill r. Drained by Alleghany 
and Hay creeks, which flow into the Schuylkill 
r. The surface is hilly ; soil, gravelly and sterile. 
It contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Lutheran church. 
It has 6 stores, cap. ,^12,500; 1 furnace, 7 forges, 
3 tanneries. 4 flouring m., 5 grist m., 8 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $12,000. Pop. 2,016. 

Robin's Nest, p-o., Peoria co., 111., 84 n. 
Springfield, 798 W. 

RoBiNso.N, t., Posey co., la. It has 1 grist m., 

1 saw m. Cap. in manuliic. $1,000. Pop. 1,004. 
Robinsons Cross Ro.^ds, p-o., Bledsoe co., 

Tenn., Ill e. s. e. Nashville, 596 W. 

Robinson's, p-o., Brunswick co., N. C, 132 s. 
Raleigh. 381 W. 

Robinson's, p-o., Franklin co., la., 74 e. s. e. 
Indianapolis, 324 W. 

Robinson's Store, p-o., Harford co., Md., 64 
N. Annapolis, 74 W. 

Robinson, t., Alleghany co.. Pa., 6 n. w. Pe- 
tersburg. The Ohio r. bounds it on the n. The 
surface is hilly; soil, loam. Chartiers cr. is on 
the s. E. boundary, and Montour's run on the w. 
boundary. It ha^^ 1 store, cap. $1,000; 1 fulling 
m., 2 woollen fac, 3 flouring m., 3 grist m., 2 .saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $10,000. 9 sch. 315 scho- 
lars. Pop. 1,694. 

Robinstown, p-t., Washington co.. Me., 193 e. 
N. E. Augusta, 779 W. Situated on the Schoodio 
or St. Croix r., opposite to St. Andrews, N. Bruns- 
wick. It has great facilities for navigation, and 
considerable trade in lumber. Vessels are built 
here. Incorporated in 1811. It has 2 stores, 
cap. -$2,500 ; 4 lumber yards, cap. $2,800 ; 1 grist 
m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,300; 6 sch. 
323 scholars. Pop. 822. 

Robison's, p-o., Darke co., O. 

Rob Roy, p-v.. Fountain co., la., 69 w. n. w. 
Indianapolis, 640 W. 

RocHEPORT, p-v., Boone co.. Mo., 49 n. w. 
Jefferson City, 954 VV. Situated on the n. bank 
of Missouri r., and contains about 100 inhabitants. 

Rochester, p-t., and semi-capital of Strafford 
CO., N. H., 46 e. Concord, 503 W. Salmon Falls 
r., which bounds it on the n. e., and Cocheco r. 
which drains it, afford water power. The sur- 
face is uneven, and much of the soil is fertile. 
Incorporated in 1722. There is a considerable v. 
at the falls on Cocheco r. It has 11 stores, cap. 
$23,300 ; 4 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 

2 grist m., 4 saw m., 2 oil m. Cap. in manufac. 
$76,450. 17 sch. 788 scholars. Pop. 2,431. 

Rochester, p-t., Windsor co., Vt., 43 s. w. 
Montpelier, 482 W. The surface is mountainous 
and broken ; soil, much of it fertile. Drained by 
White r. and a branch, which afford water power. 
Chartered in 1780. The v., at the centre, is 
pleasantly situated on the e. bank of White r., 
and contains a Congregational church, and some 
mills, and considerable trade. There are in the 
t. 3 stores, cap. $17,000; 2 fulling m., 1 tannery, 
1 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $13,000. 
13 sch. 469 scholars. Pop. 1,396. 



I Rochester, p-t., Plymouth co., Mass., 54 s. s. 
I E. Boston, 441 W. Buzzard's bay bounds it on 
|thes. The surface is uneven ; soil, moderately 
fertile. In some parts it is rocky and unfit for 
cultivation, and in some places very fertile. 
Drained by Mattapoiset and Sipican rivers. The 
principal v. is called Mutlupoiset, situated on an 
inlet from Buzzard's bay, and contains 3 churches 
— 1 Congregational, 1 Baptist, and 1 Universa- 
list — various mechanic shops, and about 100 
dwellings. The principal business is ship build- 
ing, and the whale fishery. It has a good har- 
bor, and the largest whale ships come to its 
wharves. Salt is extensively manufactured here. 
There are in the t. 17 stores, cap. $22,600 ; 2 grist 
m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $23,500. 1 acad. 
100 students, 23 sch. 1,092 scholars. Pop. 3,864. 
Rochester, city, capital of Monroe co., N. Y., 
is situated on both sides of Genesee r., 7 s. Lake 
Ontario, 220 w. by n. Albany, 141 w. Ulica, 73 
E. Buffalo, 87 Niagara falls, 369 W. Pop. 1820, 
1,502 ; 1830, 9,269 ; 1840, 20,191. It contains an 
area of 4,321 acres, and was incorporated as a 
village in 1817, and as a city in 1831. It is well 
built, and contains many large and fine stores 
and many neat and some splendid dwelling 
houses ; to many of which beautiful gardens are 
attached, ornamented with shrubbery. The nunt- 
ber of dwelling houses is about 2,000. The E. 
and w. parts of the city are connected by 3 
bridges. The Erie canal passes through the 
centre of the place, and here crosses the Gene- 
see r. in a splendid aqueduct. The Genesee 
Valley canal, now constructing, also terminates 
here, connecting with the Erie canal. The great 
western railroad passes through the place. The 
public buildings and institutions are — a court 
house, jail, county clerk's office, 2 markets, 6 
banking houses, 1 savings bank, 1 mutual insur- 
ance CO., 22 churches — 3 Baptist, 1 Congrega- 
tional, 1 Covenanter, 2 Episcopal, 2 Friends, 1 
Lutheran, 2 Methodist, 5 Presbyterian, 2 Roman 
Catholic, 1 Univer.salist, and 2 African — a mu- 
seum, a Collegiate Institute, 2 female seminaries, 
2 orphan asylums, the arcade building, in which 
is the post-office, a Mechanics' Literary Associa- 
tion, a Young Men's Association, and an Alhe- 
neum. 

Rochester owes its great advantages and its 
rapid growth especially to a vast water power 
created here by the falls in Genesee r., which 
amount to 26S feet within the bounds of the city, 
in which are 3 successive perpendicular falls of 
96, 20, and 105 feet, besides rapids. On these 
rapids and falls are many large flouring mills, 
and other hydraulic works. It is estimated that, 
independently of the capital invested in these 
mills, it requires $2,000,000 annually to keep 
them in operation, and that they produce an- 
nually about $3,500,000. Rochester is finely 
situated for commerce. Vessels come up the 
Genesee r. to Carthage, which is 2i miles below 
the centre of the city, where steamboats daily 
arrive and depart, and to which there is a railroad. 
The river is also boatnble above the city, 45 ins. 
to Mount Morris. The Erie canal gives it ac- 
cess to the E. and w., and the Genesee Valley 
canal, when completed, will connect it with 
Olean on the Susquehanna, and greatly add to 
its advantages. It has a railroad communication 
E. to Boston, Mass., and w. to Batavia, which 
will soon be extended to Buffalo. These facili- 
ties for transportation have completed the advan- 
tages derived from its immense water power, and 
the rich agricultural country by which it is sur- 
rounded. 
There were in the city in 1840, 1 commercial 



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anil 1 commission house, cap. §15,100; 266 re- 
tail stores, cap. .§1,23^,890; 2 lumber yards, 
cap. $30,000 ; machinery nianut'actured, value 
$18,000; 4 fulling m., 4 woollen fac, capital 
,953,616; 1 cotton fac. 3,000 .sp., cap. .$50,000; 3 
tanneries, cap. $128,530; 3 distilleries, 3 brewe- 
ries, cap. $60,300; 1 pottery, 1 rope walk, 22 
flouring m., 8 saw m., 1 oil m., total cap. .$945,600; 
2 paper fac, 9 printing offices, 1 bindery, 4 daily, 
5 weekly, and 1 semi-weekly newspaper, 2 pe- 
riodicals ; 61 brick and stone, and 68 wooden 
hou.ses, built at a cost of $101,270. Total cap. in 
manufac. $1,963,017. 4 acad. 662 students, 3J 
sell. 2,870 scholars. 

In 1812 there were only 2 wooden frame build- 
ings on the spot, each consisting of a single 
room ; and when a few years before, a proposal 
was made in the state legislature to build here a 
bridge across the Genesee, it was strongly op- 
posed, and a member declared, that it was "a 
God-forsaken place, inhabited by muskrats, and 
visited only by straggling trappers." With the 
exception of Lowell, Mass., the United States 
does not probably present another instance of 
equally rapid growth. 

Rochester, t., Ulster co., N. Y., 16 s. w. 
Kingston, 74 s. by w. Albany. The surface is 
hilly and mountainous ; soil, clay and loam. 
Drained by Rondout or. and its tributaries. 
Shawangunk mountain occupies a part of the t. 
It has 9 stores, cap. $1I,.500; 2 fulling m., 1 
woollen fac, 3 tanneries, 7 grist m., 11 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $19,110. 10 sch. 503 scholars. 
Pop. 2,674. 

Rochester, pv., Salem t., Warren co., O., 9 
s. E. Lebanon, 75 .s. w. Columbus. Situated 
half a m. s. of Little Miami r., and contains 2 
churches, 3 stores, 5 mechanic shops, and about 
250 inhabitants. 

Rochester, v., Beaver co.. Pa. Situated on 
the e. bank of the Beaver r., at its junction with 
the Ohio r. Pop. 400. 

RociiESTER, p-0., Avon t., Oakland co., Mich., 
12H N. w. Detroit, 551 W. Situated near the 
junction of Paint cr. with Clinton r., bolli of 
which streams afford water power. It contains 
5 stores, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m., 1 iron foundry, 
and 1 tannery. 

Rochester, p-v., Racine co., Wis., 87 e. s. e. 
Madison, 796 W. Situated a little e. of Fox r., 
on the s. side of a branch of that r. near its mouth. 

Rochester, p-v., capital of Fulton co., la., 95 
N. Indianapolis, 616 W. Situated a little s. of 
Tippecanoe' r. It contains a court house, jail, 
and a number of dwellings. 

Rocuester, p-v., Sangamon co.. 111., 10 e. 
Springfield, 772 VV. Situated at the junction of 
the N. and s. forks of Sangamon r. It contains a 
steam m. and other mills, and about 30 dwellings. 

Rock, r., Wis. and 111. Its principal head is 
in a region of lakes and swamps, towards Fox r. 
of Green bay, its course s. and then s. w. An- 
other head is Catfish, a stream in Wis., that con- 
nects the " Four lakes " the head waters of which 
commence in a swamp, a few ms. s. of Fort Win- 
nebago. After Rock r. enters Illinois it receives 
several considerable tributaries, and it enters the 
Mississippi 3 ms. below Rock Island. Much of 
the country through which it passes in 111. con- 
sists of prairie, with some timber land. Its chan- 
nel is generally lime and sandstone rock, and 
it has several rapids which injure the navigalion 
at low water. It has much fine land on its bor- 
ders. 

Rock, cr., Dist. Columbia, separates George- 
town from Washington city, and enters the Po- 1 
tomac r. Two bridges cross it, near its mouth, i 



Rock, county. Wis. Situated in the s. part 
of the ter., and contains 720 sq. ms. The surface 
is level, with much prairie ; soil, fertile. Drained 
by Rock r. and its tributaries. Capital, Rockport. 
There wore in 1840, neat cattle 1,804, sheep 131, 
swine 3,560; wheat 24,702 bush, produced, Ind. 
corn 31,329, oats 21,990, potatoes 28,065, sugar 
1,400 pounds; 1 distillery, 2 grist m., 5 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $21,275. 3 sch. 80 scholars. 
Pop. 1,701. 

Rock and Cave, p-o., Gallatin co., 111., 214 s. 
s. E. Springfield, 791 W. 

RocKAWAY, p-v., Hempstead t.. Queens co., 
N. Y., 168 s. Albany, 24S W. Situated on Rock- 
away bay, near the Atlantic ocean. It contains 

1 Methodist church, 2 stores, 1 grist m., 30 dwell- 
ings, and about 200 inhabitants. 

RocKAWAY, pv., Morris co., N. J., 8 n. Morris- 
town, 6 1 N. Trenton, 234 W. Situated on both 
sides of Rockaway r. It contains 1 Presbyterian 
or Dutch Reformed church, 4 stores, 1 rolling m., 

2 forges, 1 grist m., 1 saw ra., and about 30 dwell- 
ings. 

RocKAWAY, beach, Hempstead t.. Queens co., 
N. Y. It is a peninsula, situated between Ja- 
maica bay and the Atlantic ocean. The v. con- 
tains 1 Methodist church, and about 20 or 25 
dwellings. One m. w. of the v. is the Marine 
PaviUon and RocJc Hall, fine boarding houses. 
The former is delightfully situated near the 
beach, and is one of the most fashionable water- 
ing places in the vicinity of New York. 

Rock Rotto.h, p-o., Middlesex co., Mass., 27 
N. w. Boston, 420 W. 

Rock Bridge, county, Va. Situated in the 
central part of the state, and contains 680 sq. ms. 
The surface is mountainous, with very fertile 
valleys, producing wheat, the staple, and tobacco 
to a conyiderable extent. Drained by North 
r. and its branches, a tributary of James r. It 
derives its name from the celebrated Natural 
Bridge over Cedar cr., for a description of which 
see Cedar creek. Capital, Lexington. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 13,152, sheep 19,821, 
swine 26,321; wheat 263,756 bushels produced, 
rye 69,566, Ind. corn 504,646, buckwheat 4,339, 
barley 140, oats 249,018, potatoes 35,597, tobacco 
293,755 pounds, cotton 60, sugar 140 ; 28 stores, 
cap. $168,830 ; 3 furnaces, 3 forges, 14 tanneries, 
36 distilleries, 2 potteries, 32 flouring m., 13 grist 
m., 56 saw m., 2 oil m., 2 printing offices, 2 week- 
ly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $131,160. 1 
college 83 students, 4 acad. 153 students, 28 sch. 
740 scholars. Pop. whites 10,448, slaves 3,510, 
free col'd 326 ; tola', 14,2S4. 

Rock Bridg?^, p-v., Gwinnett co., Ga., 87 N. 
w. Milledgeville, 661 W. 

Rockcastle, county, Ky. Situated a little s. 
E. of the centre of the state, and contains 330 sq. 
ms. Drained by branches of Dick's and Rock- 
castle rivers. The surface is elevated, separating 
the waters of Cumberland r. from those of Ken- 
tucky r. Capital, Mount Vernon. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 2,863, sheep 3,7<)3, swine 
5,613; wheat 8,472 bushels produced, Ind. corn 
66,302, oats 29,395, potatoes 3,149, sugar 4,725 
pounds; 2 stores, cap. $2,000; 3 tanneries, 5 
grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,650. Pop 
whites 3,023, slaves 377, free col'd 9; total,3,409 

Rock Castle, p-v., Patrick co., Va., 230 w. s. 
w. Richmond, 305 W. 

Rock Castle, p-v., Trigg oo., Ky., 236 s. w 
by w. Frankfort, 763 W. Situated on the e. side 
of Cumberland river, and contains about 50 in 
habitants. 

Rock City, p-o., Milan t., Dutchess co.,N. Y., 
59 s. Albany, 310 W. 



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574 



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Rock ('rkek, po.. Orange co., N. C., 67 n. w. 
Raleigh, 300 W. 

liocK Crekk, p-0., Lewis co., Ky., 125 e. n. 
E. Frankfort, 450 W. 

Rock Creek, p-o., Franklin co., Tenn., 83 s. s. 
E. Nashville, (577 W. 

Rock Creek, p-o.. Cedar co., Iowa. 

RocKHALE, p-t., Crawford CO., I'a., 246 n. w. 
Harrisburg, 319 W. It has 1 fulling m. Cap. in 
manufac. $4,000. Pop. 767. 

RocKD.vLE, p o., Newton co., Ga., 73 n. w. 
Milledgeville, 667 W. 

RocKFORD, p-v., capital of Surry co., N. C, 
145 w. by N. Raleigh, 351 W. Situated on the 
N. side of Yadkin r., and contains a court house, 
jail, and about 150 inhabitant.s. 

Rockeord, p-v., Coosa co., Ala., 120 e. s. e. 
Tuscaloosa, 803 VV. 

RocKFORn, p-v., Jackson co., la., 60 s. Indian- 
apolis, 586 W. 

Rockfoud, p-v., capital of Winnebago co., 111., 
203 N. Springfield, 804 W. Situated at the 
rapids, on Rock r., where is an immense water 
power. It is on a high and beautiful prairie, on 
the w. side of the r. Steamboats come to this 
place, -and a ferry here crosses the river. It con- 
tains a court house, several stores and dwellings. 

Rock Grove, po., Stephenson co., 111., 230 n. 
Springfield, 834 W. 

Rock H.\ll, p-v., Kent co., Md., 63 n. e. 
Annapolis, 108 W. 

Rock Htll, p-t., Bucks co.. Pa., Ill E. Harris- 
burg, 173 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, gravel- 
ly. Drained by branches of Tohickon cr. and 
Perkiomen cr. 

Rock Hill, p-o.. Union co., Ga. 

Rock Hill, p-o., St. Louis co., Mo. 

Rockhold's, p-o., Whitley co., Ky., 118 s. s. 
E. Frankfort, 550 W. 

RocKHousE Prairie, p-o., Buchanan co., 
Mo. 

Rockingham, county, N. H. Situated in 
the s. E. part of the state, and contains 695 
square miles. The surface is uneven ; .soil, fer- 
tile and well cultivated. Great Bay is a large 
body of water in its n. e. part, and connected 
with Piscataqua r., which bounds it on the n. e. 
Massabesic Pond is a large sheet of water in its 
W. part. Drained by Lamprey, E.xeler, Beaver, 
and Spiggot rivers. Capital, Portsmouth. There 
were in 1810, neat cattle 29,764, sheep 3S,589, 
swine 15,477 ; wheat 20,392 bushels produced, 
rye 29,933, Ind. corn 204,504, buckwheat 3,036, 
barley 26,036, oats 83,177, potatoes 805,367; 24 
commercial and commission houses, capital 
$1,251,500; 303 stores, cap. §524,010; 6 lumber 
yards, cap. $11,000; cap. invested in fisheries, 
$59,580; 5 furnaces, 16 fulling m., 4 woollen fac, 
6 cotton fac. 19,500 sp. ; 43 tanneries, 2 distille- 
ries, 1 powder m., 4 potteries, 2 flouring m., 89 
grist m., 108 saw m., 1 oil m., 1 paper fac, 7 
printing ollices, 5 weekly newspapers. Cap. in 
manufac. $2,136,451. 19 acad. 1,015 students, 
243 sch. 10,618 scholars. Pop. 45,771. 

Rockingham, county, Va. Situated a little 
N. of the centre of the state, and contains 833 .sq. 
ms. Drained by Shenandoah r. and its branches. 
The surface is hilly ; soil, on the streams, very 
fertile. Capital, Harrisonburg. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 20,122, sheep 23,955, swine 
38,765; wheat 375,187 bushels produced, rye 
90,886, Ind. corn 470,584, buckwheat 6,483, bar- 
ley 1,027, oats 248,412, potatoes 41,186, tobacco 
37,182 pounds, sugar 3,330; 30 stores, capital 
$303,606; 1 furnace, 3 fulling m., 21 tanneries, 
13 distilleries, 3 potteries, 35 flouring m., 16 grist 
U)., 42 saw m., 4 oil m., 1 printing office, 1 week- 



ly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $174,165. 1 
acad. 45 students, 26 sch. 799 scholars. Pop. 
whites 14,944, slaves 1,899, free col'd 501 ; total, 
17,344. 

Rockingham, county, N. C. Situated in the 
N. part of the state, and contains 475 square 
ms. The surface is elevated. Drained by the 
head branches of Haw and Dan rivers. Capital, 
Wentworth. There were in 1810, neat cattle 
9,725, sheep 6,157, swine 30,074 ; wheat 61,015 
bushels produced, rye 4,805, Ind. corn 431,085 ; 
oats 149,402, potatoes 9,053, tobacco 1,777,205 
pounds, cotton 23,917; 18 stores, cap. .$83,2.50; 
1 furnace, 1 cotton fac. 861 sp., 5 tanneries, 8 dis- 
tilleries, 13 flouring m., 36 grist m., 25 saw m., 2 
oil m. Cap. in manufac. $174,433. 11 acad. 
244 students, 10 sch. 211 scholars. Pop. whites 
8,595, slaves 4,572, free col'd 275 ; total, 13,432. 

Rockingham, p-t., Windham county, Vt., 93 s. 
Montpelier, 450 W. Situated on the w. side of 
Connecticut r. The surface is uneven ; soil, 
generally productive and well cultivated. Drain- 
ed by Williams' and Saxton's rivers, which atrord 
water power, and flow into Connecticut river. 
It contains Bellows falls, in Connecticut river. 
(See Bellows Falls v.) In 1785, a bridge w^as 
erected over the ( "onnecticut, which, until 1795, 
was the only bridge over that river. Near the 
falls a great variety of minerals are found. There 
are 3 villages in the t. — one at the centre, one at 
Bellows falls, and one in the s. part, on Saxton's 
river — each of which contains a church. It has 
12 stores, cap. $70,800 ; 7 fulling m., 4 woollen 
fac, 2 tanneries, 2 paper fac, 1 printins; oflice, 2 
binderies, 1 weekly newspaper, 1 periodical, 5 
grist m., 7 saw m. Capital in manufactures, 
$119,937. 17 sch. 703 scholars. Pop. 2,330. 

Rockingham, p-v., capital of Richmond co., 
N. C, 135 s. w. Raleigh, 409 W. Situated on 
Hitchcock's cr., 5 miles E. of Pedee r., and con- 
tains a court house, jail, and about 2l>0 inhabitants. 

Rockingham, po., Scott co., Iowa. 

Rock Island. Situated in the Mississppi r., 
at the foot of Rock r. rapids, and is 3g ms. long, 
and three fourths of a mile wide. The sides are 
of perpendicular rock, 20 feet above the high- 
est floods. Fort Armstrong is situated on the 
lower extremity of the island. 

Rock Island, county. 111. Situated in the 
N. w. part of the stale, and contains 366 sq. ms. 
The Alississippi river runs on its w. boundary. 
Drained by Rock r. The surface is various. The 
soil is fertile, and along the Mississippi is a rich 
alluvion. Capital, Rock Island City. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 3,266, sheep 763, swine 
6,569 ; wheat 21,170 bushels produced, Ind. corn 
106,800, oats 20,815, potatoes 32,477, tobacco 750 
pounds, sugar 1,261 ; 15 stores, cap. $S5,300 ; 1 
distillery, 1 pottery, 3 flouring m., 3 grist m., 6 
saw m., 1 pnnting oflice, 1 periodical, 1 weekly 
newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $18,162. 9 sch. 
206 scholars. Pop. 2,610. 

Rock Island, p-o., Warren co., Tenn., 83 s. 
E. Nashville, 611 W. 

Rock Island Citv, p-v., capital of Rock Is- 
land CO., HI., 150 Springfield, 879 W. It has been 
laid out on an extensive scale, at thejunction of 
Rock r. and the Mississippi. It has been in con- 
templation to cut a canal from the Mississippi, 
above the rapids, to Rock r., by which an im- 
mense water power would be gained. It con- 
tains a court house, 12 stores, and about 800 
inhabitants. 

Rock Island Rapids, m the Mississippi, com- 
mence at Rock Island, just above tlie mouth of 
Rock r., anil extend 15 ms. up the r., with a de- 
scent, ill that distance, of 21 feet 10 inches. lu 



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575 



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various places, ledges of rocks extend across the 
r., and, at low water, are a great obslruclion to 
navigation. The government of the United 
States has done someihing for the improvement 
of these rapids. 

Rockland, county, N. Y. Situated in the s. 
E. part of the state, and contains 172 sq. ms. It 
is bounded on the e. by Hudson r. The surface 
is hilly and mountainous, and much broken ; 
soil, fertile. It contains some valuable minerals, 
particularly magnetic iron ore, and variegated 
marble. The rs'ew York and Erie railroad com- 
mences at Piermont, and crosses the co. Capital, 
New City v., in Clarkstown t. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 6,693, sheep 17,392, swine 
11,511; w'hoat 3,650 bushels prod., rve 33,140, 
Ind. corn 41,110, buckwheat 34,111, oats 47,055, 
potatoes 48, 117; 53 stores, cap. $121,600; Slum- 
ber yards, cap. $50,000 ; 1 luniace, 3 forges, 4 
fulling m., 4 woollen fac, 3 cotton fac. 1,642 sp., 
1 dyeing and print, establishment, 5 tanneries, 2 
distilleries, 20 grist m., 1 1 saw m., 1 paper fac. 
Cap. in manufac. $277,124. 28 sch. 1,099 schol- 
ars. Pop. 11,975. 

Rockland, p-t., Sullivan co., N. Y., 102 s. w. 
Albany, 321 W. The surface is hilly and 
mountainous ; soil, gravelly loam, adapted to 
grass. Drained l)y Big Beaver Kill and its tribu- 
taries. It has 2 stores, cap. $2,350 ; 1 tannery, 3 
grist ra., 11 saw ra. Cap. in Tnanufac. $19,250. 
6 sch. 194 scholars. Pop. 826. 

Rockland, p-t., Venango co., Fa., 212 w. n. 
w. Harrisburg, 2S1 W. It has 3 stores, cap. 
$9,000 ; 1 fulling m., 3 furnaces, 5 grist m., 5 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $4,500. 3 sch. 101 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,178. 

Rockland Lake, p-o., ClarkslowTi t., Rock- 
land CO., N. Y. Rockland lake is a body of pure 
water, five ms. in circumference, 200 feet above 
the level of the Hudson. It abounds with fine 
fish, but is chiefly valuable for its ice, and from it 
the city of iVew York has been chiefly supplied 
with that article. The ice, like the water, is very 
pure. 

Rockland, t., Bucks co., Pa. Surface hilly 
and broken. Drained by Maxatawny and Sa- 
cony creeks. It has 2 stores, cap. $4,000 ; 1 fur- 
nace, 1 forge, 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 paper fac, 
3 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,875. 
Pop. 1,649. 

Rockland Mills, p-o., Augusta co., Va., 129 
w. N. w. Richmond, 148 W. 

Rockland Mills, p-o., Saline co., Mo., 80 n. 
Vf. Jefferson City, 996 W. 

Rock Mills, p-o., Anderson dist., S. C, 171 
w. N. w. Columbia, 440 W. 

Rock Mills, p-o., Hancock co., Ga., 39 n. e. 
Milledgeville, 6 JO W. 

Rock JMountain, De Kalb co., Ga. A high, 
solitary peak, 2,226 feet above the stream, which 
winds around its base. It is about 7 miles in cir- 
cumference. 

Rock Point, p-o., Independence co., Ark. 

RocKPORT, p-t., Essex co., 3Iass., 32 n. e. Bos- 
ton, 464 W. Situated on the n. part of Cape Ann. 
It has a harbor for small vessels. It has 13 stores, 
cap. $10,410. ('ap. in manufac. $2,500. 6 sch. 
592 scholars. Pop. 2,650. 

RocKPORT, p-o., Northampton co.. Pa. 

RocKPORT, p-t., Cuyahoga co., O., 132 n. E. 
Columbus, 367 W. Bounded n. by Lake Erie. 
Watered by Rocky r. It contains the v. of Gran- 
ger, at the mouth of the r., which was laid out in 
1815. It has 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 2 saw m., 8 
sch. 516 scholars. Pop. 1,235. 

RocKPORT, p-v., capital of Spencer co., la., 162 
s. s. w. Indianapolis, 689 W. Situated on the n. 



w. bank of Ohio r., on a high bluff, and contain.? 
4 stores, 1 tannery, 1 ship-yard, and about 300 
inhabitants. 

RocKPORT, p-o.. Hot Springs co.. Ark., 46 w. 
s. w. Little Rock, 1,111 W. Situated on the e. 
side of Washita r. 

Rock Rest, p-o., Chatham co., N. C, 41 w. 
Raleigh, 330 W. 

Rock River Rapid.s, p-o., Wliitesides co., HI., 
174 N. Springfield, 837 W. Situated on the s. side 
of Rock r. 

Rock Run, p-o., Harford co., 3Id., 67 n. An- 
napolis, 77 W. 

Rock Run, p-o., Stephenson co., 111., 229 N. 
Springfield, 827 W. 

Rock Spring, p-o., Cecil co., Md. 

Rock Spring, p-v., Hickman co., Ky., 302 w. 
s. w. Frankfort, 828 W. 

Rock Spring, p-v., St. Clair co.. 111., 18 e. St. 
Louis, 95 s. Springfield, 801 W. Its name is de- 
rived from a series of springs, issuing from ledges 
of rocks, at the place. It has an elevated, healthy, 
and pleasant situation. 

Rock Stream, p-o., Starkey t., Yates co., N. 
Y., 198 w. Albany, 313 W. 

RocKVALE, p-o., Peoria co.. 111. 

RocKviLLE, p-v., Norfolk co., Mass., 26 s. Bos- 
ton, 420 W. 

RocKviLLE, p-o., Belfast t., Alleghany co., N. 
Y., 269 w. by s. Albany, 331 W. 

RocKviLLE, p-v., Chester co.. Pa., 58 e. s. e. 
Harrisburg, 133 W. 

RocKviLLE, p-v., capital of Montgomery co., 
Md., 56 W. Annapolis, 16 W. Situated on the 
head waters of Watts branch of Potomac r., and 
contains a court house, jail, county offices, about 
60 dwellings, and 300 inhabitants. 

Rockville, p-v., Adams co., O., 112 s. by w. 
Columbus, 446 W. 

Rockville, p-v.. Rowan co., N. C, 133 w. 
Raleigh, 370 W. 

Rockville, p-v., Jefferson co., Ala. 

Rockville, p-v., Putnam co., Ga., 32 n. Mil- 
ledgeville, 63-i W. 

Rockville, p-v., capital of Parke co., la., 64 
w. Indianapolis, 636 W. It contains a court house, 
jail, 10 stores, a printing office, about 100 dwell- 
ings, and 630 inhabitants. 

Rockville, p-v.. Will co.. 111., 162 n. n. e. 
Springfield, 716 W. 

Rockville, p-v., Monroe co., Tenn., 164 e. s. 
E. Nashville, 537 W. 

Rockwell, p-o., Cleveland co., N. C. 

RocKV Hill, p-v., Wethersfield t., Hartford 
CO., Ct., 7 s. Hartford, 333 W. Situated on the 
w. side of Connecticut r., and contains a Con- 
gregational church, surrounded by a pleasant v. 
It has a good landing place on the r. Some ves- 
sels are built here. 

RocK ("OMFORT, cr., Ga., rises w. of Warren- 
ton, and runs s. into Ogeechee r., just below 
Louisville, and affords water power. 

Rocky Hill, p-v., 3Iontgomery t, Somerset 
CO., N. J., 12 s. w. Somerville, 14 n. bj' e. Tren- 
ton, 185 W. Situated on Millstone r., and con- 
tains 2 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 woollen fac, 
and about 15 dweUings. 

Rocky Hill, p-o., Jackson co., O., 77 s. by E. 
Columbus, 3S1 W. 

Rocky Hill, p-o., Barren co., Ky., 129 s. w. 
Frankfort, 632 W. 

Rocky Mount, p-v., capital of Franklin co., 
Va., 179 w. by s. Richmond, 234 W. Situated on 
a tributary of Roanoke r., and contains a court 
house, jail, 2 stores, 1 tannery, 1 iron furnace in 
the vicinity, which employs 100 laborers, and 
about 180 inhabitants. 



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576 



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Rocky Mount, p-v., Nash cc, N. C, 56 e. 
Raleigh, 242 W. 

Rocky Mount, p-v., Meriwether co., Ga., 102 
w. Milledgeville. 721 W. 

Rocky Mount, p-v., Wilcox co., Ala., 119 s. 
Tuscaloosa, 911 W. 

Rocky Mount, p-v., Sullivan co., Tenn., 294 
E. by N. Nashville, 401 W. 

Rocky Mount, p-o.. Miller co., Mo., 50 s. w. 
Jefferson City, 985 W. 

Rocky Mount, p-o., Kemper co.. Miss., 115 e. 
N. E. Jackson, 912 W. 

Rocky Narrows, p-o., Monroe co., O., 127 e. 
Columbus, 280 W. 

Rocky Spring, p-v., Franklin co.. Pa., 49 w. 
by s. Harrisburg, 94 W. 

Rocky Spring, p-v., Rockingham co., N. C, 
123 n. w. Raleigh, 303 W. 

Rocky Spring, p-o., Jackson co., Ala., 188 n. 
E. Tuscaloosa, 645 W. 

Rocky Spring, p-o., Granger co., Tenn., 229 
E. Nashville, 453 W. 

Rocky Spring, p-o., Claiborne par.. Miss., 45 
N. w. Jackson, 1,055 W. 

Rodgersville, p-v., Lauderdale co., Ala., 131 
N. Tuscaloosa, 756 W. 

Rodman, p-t., Jefferson co., N. Y., 11 s. Water- 
town, 163 N. w. Albany, 403 W. The surface is 
undulating ; soil, a fertile sandy and clay loam. 
Drained by Sandy cr. The v. is situated on 
Sandy cr., and contains 3 churches — 1 Presby- 
terian, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist — 3 stores, 1 grist 
m., 2 saw m., 2 carding and fulling m., 1 tannery, 
35 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. There 
are in the t. 4 stores, cap. 812,000; 2 fulling m., 
1 woollen fac, 2 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $8,000. 
21 sch. 660 scholars. Pop. 1,702. 

Rodney, p-v., Decatur co,, Ga., 215 s. s. w. 
JVIilledgeville, 872 W. 

Rodney, p-v., Jefferson co., Miss., 92 s. w. Jack- 
son, 1,192 W. Situated on the e. side of Missis- 
sippi r. It contains 8 stores, and about 500 in- 
habitants. 

RoDOLPHiL, p-o., Amelia co., Va., 52 s. w. 
Richmond, 169 W. 

RoDERicKsviLLE, p-0., Berks co., Pa., 74 e. 
Harrisburg, 167 W. 

Rodgers Store, p-o., Wake co., N. C, 16 
Raleigh, 28S W. 

RoGERsviLLE, p-v., Anderson dist., S. C, 131 
w . n. w. Columbia, .560 W. 

RoGERSviLLE, p-v.. Capital of Hawkins co., 
Tenn., 246 e. by n. Nashville, 436 W. Situated 
a little n. of Holston r., and contains a court house, 
jail, several stores and dwellings. 

Rohrersville, p-v., Washington co., Md. 

RoHRSBURG, p-v., Columbia co., Pa,, 93 e. n. e. 
Harrisburg, 204 W. 

Rokeby. p-o., Morgan co., O., 74 e. by s. Co- 
lumbus, 337 W. 

Rolesville, p-v.. Wake co., N. C, 21 n. n. e. 
Raleigh, 279 W. Situated 3 ras. n. e. of Neuse 
r., and contains 150 inhabitants. 

Rolersvii.le, p-v., Sandusky co., O., 42 n. Co- 
lumbus, 437 W. 

RoLLiN, p-t., Lenawee co., Mich., 79 s. w. De- 
troit, 519 W. The soil is very fertile, adapted to 
grain. Watered by Tiffin's cr. The v. is situated 
on Bean cr., which affords water power. It has 
1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,300. 
4 sch. 174 scholars. Pop. 581. 

Rolling Fork, po.. Nelson co., Ky., 77 s. w. 
Frankfort, 599 W. 

Rollin's Store, p-o., Moore co., N. C. 

Rome, p-t., Kennebec co.. Me., 20 n. n. w. 
Augusta, 613 W. It has a large pond on its n. 
border, another on the e., and a third on its s. 



border. All these have their outlet into the 
Kennebec in Waterville. Incorporated in 1804. 
The soil is adapted to grain. It has 10 sch. 477 
scholars. Pop. 987. 

Rome, p-t., and semi-capital of Oneida co., N. 
Y., 107 n. w. Albany, 391 W. The surface is 
chiefly level, or gently undulating ; soil, a fertile 
clay and sandy loam. Drained by Mohawk r., 
on which is excellent land, and Wood cr., which 
flows into Oneida lake. These two streams 
were connected by a small canal, before the con- 
struction of the Erie canal, which was bought 
out when the latter was made. The v. is on 
the Mohawk r. and the Erie canal, and contains 
6 churches, 1 bank, 1 female seminary, a United 
States arsenal, with a magazine and workshops, 25 
stores, 1 cotton fac, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m., 1 brew- 
ery, 1 blast furnace, 350 dwellings, and about 2,500 
inhabitants. The Black r. canal here unites 
with the Erie canal, and the Syracuse and Utica 
railroad passes through the v. This was the site 
of old Fort Stanwyx, built in 1758, and rebuilt in 
the revolutionary war, and called Fort Schuvler. 
There are in the t. 33 stores, cap. .$227,130 ; 2 
fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 cotton lac 900 sp., 
1 furnace, 3 tanneries, 1 brewery, 2 potteries, 1 
printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 2 grist m., 
15 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $148,860. 3 acad. 
307 students, 21 sch. 1,290 scholars. Pop. 5,680. 

Rome, p-t., Bradford co., Pa., 142 n. Harris- 
burg, 252 W. It has 1 store, cap. $400 ; 2 grist 
m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,300. 6 sch. 
195 scholars. Pop. 817. 

Rome, t., Crawford co., Pa. It has 3 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $3,000. 4 sch. 94 scholars. 
Pop. 737. 

Rome, p-v., capital of Floyd co., Ga., 161 n. 
w. Milledgeville, 672 W. Situated on the point 
formed by the junction of the Etowah and 
Oostanaula rivers. It contains a court house, 
jail, 2 churches — 1 Baptist and 1 Methodist — an 
academy, 3 stores, 30 dwellings, and about 300 
inhabitants. 

Rome, p-v.. Smith co., Tenn., 45 n. e. Nash- 
ville, 639 W. Situated on the s. side of Tennes- 
see r. It contains 2 stores and several dwell- 
ings. 

Rome, p-t., Ashtabula co., O., 190 n. e. Co- 
lumbus, 330 W. It was formerly called Rich- 
field. It has 7 sch. 207 scholars. Pop. 765. 

Rome, t., Athens co., O. It has 4 stores, cap. 
$2,000 ; 1 distillery, 2 saw m., 3 oil m. Cap. in 
manufac. $14,100. 6 sch. 125 scholars. Pop. 
866. 

Rome, t., Lawrence co., O. It has 1 store, 
cap. $1,000 ; 3 saw m., 10 sch. 297 scholars. Pop. 
1,128. 

Rome, p-t., Lenawee co., Mich., 70 s. w. De- 
troit, 510 W. Watered by head branches of 
Beaver cr. The soil is fertile, adapted to grain. 
It has 1 store, cap. $1,000 ; 3 saw m., 10 sch. 297 
scholars. Pop. 1,128. 

Rome, p-v., Knox co., Ky., 127 s. e. Frankfort, 
510 W. 

Rome, p-v., capital of Perry co., la., 143 s. by 
w. Indianapolis, 653 W. Situated on the n. 
bank of Ohio r. It contains a fine brick court 
house, a stone jail, 2 churches, 2 stores, 40 
dwellings, and about 250 inhabitants. 

Rome, p-v., Peoria co., 111., 85 n. Springfield, 
799 W. Situated on tiie w. side of Peoria lake, 
here 1 m. wide, and contains about 25 dwellings 
and 150 inhabitants. 

Rome, p-v., Henry co., Iowa. 

Rom1':o. p-v., Greene co., Tenn., 250 e. Nash- 
ville, 436 W. 

RoiMEO, p-o., Washington t., Macomb co^ 



ROS 



577 



ROS 



Mich., 70 N. Detroit, 510 W. Pleasantly situated 
1 III. from the n. branch of Clinton r. It contains 
an academy, 4 stores, 1 iron foundry, and 1 tan- 
nery. 

lioMiNF.'s Mills, p-o., Harrison cc, Va., 243 
N. w. Richmond, 231 W. 

RoMNEV, p-v., capital of Hampshire co., Va., 
188 N. N. w. Richmond, 116 W. Situated on the 
E. side of the s. branch of Potomac r., and con- 
tains a court house, and about 400 inhabitants. 

Romulus, p-t., Seneca co., N. Y., 183 w. 
Albany, 329 VV. The surface is moderately 
elevated in the centre, and declines toward 
Cayuga lake, which bounds it on the e., and 
toward Seneca lake, which bounds it on the w. 
The soil is fertile, adapted to wheat. The v. 
contains 1 Presbyterian church, 2 stores, and 
about 25 dwellings. There are in the t. 1 store, 
can. $5,000 ; 8 sch. 290 scholars. Pop. 2,235. 

Romulus, p-t., Wayne co., 3Iich., 36 s. w. 
Detroit, 516 VV. It has 3 sch. ICO scholars. 
Pop. 464. 

Romulus, p-o., Tuscaloosa co., Ala., 12 w. 
Tuscaloosa, 830 W. 

RoNDOUT, creek, N. Y.. rises in Sullivan co., 
and flows into Hudson r. in Ulster co., near tjie 
V. of Rondout. It receives the Wallkill and 
other tributaries, and affords water power. The 
Delaware and Hudson canal passes along the 
valley of this cr. At the junction of Rondout 
cr. and Hudson r. is a light-house. 

Rondout, p-v., Kingston t., Ulster co., N. Y., 
59 s. Albany, 314 W. Situated on the n". side 
of Rondout cr., 1 m. from its entrance into Hud- 
son r., and contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Ro- 
man Catholic church, 1 female seminary, 25 
stores, 3 freighting establishments, 1 tobacco fac, 

1 grist m., 4 boat yards, and 2 dry docks, 200 
dwellings, and about 1,500 inhabitants; 2 steam- 
boats. It freight barges, and 13 sloops, are owned 
here, and navigate the r. It is a depot of the 
Lackaw-anna coal of the Delaware and Hudson 
canal company. 

RoNKONKAMA PoNO, N. Y. Situated near the 
centre of Long Island, and is about 1 m. in di- 
ameter, very deep and transparent, and abounds 
with fish. It is surrounded by pine and other 
limber, and has a romantic and pleasant appear- 
ance. 

Root, p-t., Montgomery co., N. Y., 43 w. by 
N. Albany, 402 W. The surface is partly hilly ; 
soil, fertile loam, on slate and lime. Drained by 
small branches of Mohawk r. which runs on its 
N. border. It has 6 stores, cap. $27,400 ; 3 tan- 
neries, 2 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$37,055. 17 sch. 756 scholars. Pop. 2,979. 

Root, pv., Allen co., la. 

Root Centiie, p o.. Root t., Montgomery co., 
N. Y., 44 Albany, 398 W. 

Rootstown, p-l., Portage co., O., 144 n. e. 
Columbus, 320 W. It is a fine farming t., lying 
directly .s. of Ravenna. It has 8 sch. 255 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,112. 

RoscoE, p-v., Coshocton co., O., 84 Columbus, 
33-1 W. Situated on the Ohio canal and Mus- 
kingum r. opposite to Coshocton, at the conflu- 
ence of the Walionding and Tuscarawas r. to 
form the Muskingum. It has good water p<Jwer, 
and contains 8 stores, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m., 1 
iron foundry, a boat yard, about 60 dwellings, 
and 400 inhabitants. A fine bridge crosses the 

2 rivers, just above their confluence. 
RoscoE, p-v., Henry co., Mo., 130 w. by s. 

Jeflferson City, 1,076 W. 

RoscoE, p-v., Winnebago co., 111., 216 n. 
Springfield, 817 W. 

Rose, p-t., Wayne co., N. Y., 7 n. Lyons, 179 i 
73 



w. by N. Albany, 359 W. The surface is undu- 
lating ; soil, gravelly loam. Drained by small 
streams flowing into Lake Ontario. It has 2 
stores, cap. $10,000; 1 fulhng m., 1 tannery, 1 
grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,230. 7 
sch. 573 scholars. Pop. 2,038. 

Rose, t., Jefferson co.. Pa. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $ 1,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 

1 distillery, 5 grist m., 17 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $33,820. 4 sch. 100 scholars. Pop. 1,421. 

Rose, p-t., Carroll co., O., 128 e. n. e. Colum- 
bus, 308 W. It has 1 sch. 20 scholars. Pop. 
1,593. 

Rose, p-t., Oakland co., Mich., 49 n. w. De- 
troit, 571 W. It has 3 sch. 91 scholars. Pop. 
415. 

RosEnooM, p-o., Otsego co., N. Y., 59 w. Al- 
bany, .384 W. 

Roserurg, p-v., Perry co.. Pa., 33 w. Harris- 
burg, 126 W. 

Rose Creek, p-o., McNairy co., Tenn., 1.58 s. 
w. Nashville, 834 W. 

RosEDALE, p-v., 3Iadison co.. O., 30 w. Co- 
lumbus, 425 W. 

Rose Hill, p-o., Lee co., Va., 17 e. of Cum- 
berland Gap, 402 w. by s. Richmond, 470 W. 

Rose Hill, p-o., Amilie co.. Miss., 112 s. 
Jackson, 1,112 W. 

RosELAND, p-o., Cambria co.. Pa., 126 w. by 
N. Harrisburg, 208 W. 

RosELAND, p-o., Nelson co., Va., 114 vv. by n. 
Richmond, 166 W. 

Rost: Mills, p-o , Amherst co., Va., 114 w. 
Riciunond, 166 W. 

RosEDALE, p-v., Hurley t., Ulster co., N. Y., 
65 s. by w. Albany, 315 W. Situated on Ron- 
dout cr., and on the line of the Delaware and 
Hud.son canal. It contains 4 stores, 2 hydraulic 
cement nulls, 50 dwellings, and about 400 in- 
habilants. Here is found and manufactured a 
large quantity of liydraulic cement. Two ms. 
below, near the high falls of the Rondout, is a 
mineral spring, which possesses valuable pro- 
perties. 

RosENEATH, pv., Halifax co., N. C, 112 n. 
E. Raleigh, 236 W. 

RosEVELT, p-o., Schroepel t., Oswego co., N. 
Y., 145 w. N. w. Albany, 370 W. 

RosEviLLE, p-v.. Bush Creek t., Muskingum 
CO., O., 65 E. Columbus, 349 W. Situated on the 
s. fork of Jonathan's cr., and contains 2 stores, 1 
saw m., 1 grist ra., 25 dwellings, and about 150 
iidiabitants. 

RosEviLLE, po., Wayne co., Mich., 7 w. De- 
troit, 531 W. 

IlosEviLLE, p-v., Parke co., la., 74 w. Indian- 
apolis, 6*6 W. Situated on the s. side of Big 
luicfion cr. 

Ross, county, O. Situated toward the s. part 
of the state, and contains 650 square ms. The s. 
part is hilly, but tolerably fertile ; the n. part is 
level, and very fertile. Watered by Scioto r. 
and its branches, which afford extensive water 
power. It exports grain and cattle to a large 
amount. Capital, ( hillicothe. There were in 
1810, neat cattle 20,57S. sheep 30,382, swine 
48,678 ; wheat 390,790 bush, produced, rye 3,580, 
Indian corn 1,899,320, barley 1,595, oats 199,459, 
potatoes 27,070, sugar 29,870 pounds ; 101 stores, 
cap. $3J5,0()0; 3 bloomeries, 3 fulling ra., 4 wool- 
len fac, 18 tanneries, 11 distilleries', 12 flouring 
m., 19 grist m., 29 saw m., 1 oil m., 1 paper fac, 

2 printing offices, 2 binderies, 2 weekly newspa- 
pers. Capital in manufac. $152,220. 2 acad. 85 
students. Pop. 27,460. 

Ro.ss, t.. Monroe co.. Pa. It has 2 stores, cap. 
$3,000 ; 8 grist m., 19 saw m. Pop. 987. 



ROU 



578 



ROX 



Ross, t., Alleghany co., Fa., 4 n. Pittsburgh. 
The .surface is hilly ; soil, loam. Drained by 
Pine cr. and its branches. It has the Alleghany 
r. on the s. e., and Ohio r. on the s. w. border. 
It contains the important borough of Alleghany. 
It has 4 grist m., 5 saw m. Capital in manufac. 
$5,200. 6 sch. 350 scholars. Pop. 1,675. 

Ross, p-t., Butler co., O., 110 w. s. w. Colum- 
bus, 498 W. It has 9 sch. 506 scholars. Pop. 1,526. 

Ross, t., Greene co., O. Pop. 1,337. 

Ross, t., Jefferson co., O. The surface is hilly. 
Watered by Big Yellow cr., along which are 5 
several salt works in operation. It contains also 
much stone coal, and some iron ore. Pop. 929. 

Ross, p-o., Anderson co., Tenn., 82 e. Nash- 
ville, 521 W. 

RossBURG, p-v., Decatur co., la. 

RosscoMMON, p-o., Chester co., Pa., 76 e. s. e. 
Harrisburg, 100 W. 

Ross Corners, p-o., York co., Me., 85 s. s. w. 
Augusta, 527 W. 

RossiE, p-t., St. Lawrence co., N. Y., 25 s. w. 
Canton, 183 n. w. Albany, 452 W. The surface 
is undulating, and some broken ; soil, a fertile 
loam. Drained by O.swegatchie r., which here 
has a curve, called tlie Oxbow, and by Indian r. 
Iron and lead ore are found in great abundance. 
The V. is situated on Indian r., near the head of 
Black lake, and contains the lead mines, 6 stores, 
1 furnace, 1 forge, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 iron 
foundry and machine shop, 100 dwellings, and 
about 800 iniiabitanls. The lead mines appear to 
be inexhaustible, and furnish the metal of the 
purest kind. There are in the t. 3 stores, capital 
$6,400 ; 3 furnaces, 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 4 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $20,780. 5 sch. 217 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,553. 

RossviLLE, p-v., Westfield t., Richmond co., 
N. Y., 163 s. Albany, 241 W. Situated on Staten 
Island sound, and contains 2 stores, 2 carriage 
fac, and 12 or 15 dwellings. Steamboats from 
JNew York land here daily in passing, and a ferry 
crosses to the Jersey shore, called the Old Blazing 
Star Ferry. 

RossviLLE, p-v., York co., Pa., 24 s. Harris- 
burg, 103 W. 

RossviLLE, p-v., Baltimore co., Md. 

RossviLLE, p-v., Cherokee co., N. C, 361 w. 
by s. Raleigh, 591 VV. Situated on Valley r. 

RossviLLE, p-v., Walker co., Ga., 221 n. 
w. Milledgeville, 615 W. Situated about 300 
yards s. of the Tennessee line. Formerly a mis- 
sionary station in the Cherokee nation. 

RossviLLE, p-t., Butler co., O., 102 w. s. w. 
Columbus, 490 W. A wealthy and flourishing t. 
It has 1 sch. 12 scliolars. Pop. 1,143. 

RossviLLE, p-v., Clinton co., la., 164 n. by w. 
Indianapolis, 548 W. 

RosT Raver, p-t., Westmoreland co.. Pa., 191 
Harrisburg, 217 W. It is bounded by the You- 
ghiogheny r. on the e., and Monongahela r. on 
the w. The surface is hilly; .soil, calcareous 
loam. It has 3 stores, cap. $4,200 ; 1 fulling m., 

1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 1 pot- 
tery, 5 flouring m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$35,990. 6 sch. 258 scholars. Pop. 1,880. 

RoTHERwooD, p-o., Carroll co., Ga., 119 w. by 
N. Milledgeville, 726 W. 

RoTTERDA.M, p-t., Schcnectady co., N. Y., 22 
w. N. w. Albany, 3J0 W. The surface is roll- 
ing ; soil, a productive sandy loam and alluvion. 
Mohawk r. bounds it on the n. e., and receives 
from it small streams. It has 4 stores, cap. $8,050 ; 

2 grist m., 3 saw m., 1 oil m. (~'ap. in manufac. 
$2,700. 10 sch. 387 scholars. Pop. 2,284. 

Rough Creek Church, p-o., Charlotte co., 
Va., 107 s. w. Richmond, 194 W. 



Roulette, p-t., Potter co., Pa., 179 n. n. w. 
Harrisburg, 289 W. It has 1 grist m. Pop. 152. 

Round Grove, p-o., Carroll co., Mo.. 137 n. 
w. Jefferson City, 1,031 W. 

Round Head, p-t., Hardin co., 0., 89 n. w. 
Columbus, 476 W. Drained by the head waters 
of Scioto r. It has 1 tannery, 4 sch. 30 scholars. 
Pop. 569. 

Round Hill, p-v., Greenwich t., Fairfield co., 
Ct., 85 s. w. Hartford, 261 W. It contains a 
church and several dwellings. 

Round Hill, p-o.. Orange co., N. C, 34 n. w. 
Raleigh, 270 W. 

Round Hill, p-o.. Cooper co., Mo., 40 w. n. 
w. Jefferson City, 976 W. 

Round Lake, lies in Lake Pleasant t., Hamil- 
ton CO., N., Y., and flows, by an outlet half a mile 
long, into Lake Pleasant. 

Round Prairie, p-o., Walworth co.,Wis. 

Rouse's Point, p-v., Champlain t., Clinton co., 
N. Y., 185 N. Albany, 500 W. Situated on the 
w. side of Lake Champlain, and has a steamboat 
landing about half a mile s. of Canada line. The 
V. contains 1 Methodist church, 3 stores, 20 dwell- 
ings, and about 100 inhabitants. A little n. of 
the v., the United States built, shortly after the 
late war, a strong fortification, in the form of a 
round tower, pierced for several tiers of guns, and 
which cost over $100,000, which was found to be 
within the Canada line, and abandoned. It is 
nearly in ruins, but is now within the United 
States, by the terms of the late treaty. The site 
is highly favorable for a fortification, which will 
command the entrance to Lake Champlain. 

Rousseau, p-o., Morgan co., O., 79 e. by s. 
Columbus, 338 W. 

Rowan, county, N. C. Centrally situated in 
the w. part of the state, and contains 375 sq. ms. 
Drained by Yadkin r. The soil is fertile. Cap- 
ital, Salisbury. It had in 1840, 4 sch. 98 schol- 
ars. Pop. whites 8,646, slaves 3,365, free col'd 
98; total, 12,109. 

RowE, p-t , Franklin co., Mass., 22 w. by N. 
Greenfield, 130 w. n. w. Boston. The surface is 
elevated and uneven ; soil, adapted to grazing. 
Watered by Pelham brook, a branch of Deerfield 
r. It contains 4 churches. The v., at the centre, 
contains 1 Congregational, 1 Unitarian, and 1 
Methodist church. The t. was incorporated in 
1785. There are in the t. 1 store, cap. $5,000 ; 1 
fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 1 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $11,100. 

Rowesville, p-v., Bi'dford co., Tenn., 68 s. 
Nashville, 691 W. 

Row's, p-o., Wayne co., O., 89 n. E. Colum- 
bus, 358 W. 

Rowland, p-l., Hillsdale co., Mich. Pop. 83. 

Rowlandsville, p-v., Cecil co., Md., 73 n. e. 
Annapolis, 83 W. 

RowLEV, p-t., Essex co., Mass., 30 n. by e. 
Boston, 470 W. There is a large amount of salt 
meadow. The arable soil is fertile. Watered 
by Rowley r., which affords water power, and 
has a harbor at its month for small vessels. 
Plum island, off its coast, belongs to this t. The 
v., at the centre, contains 2 churches and about 
35 dwellings. There are in the t. 3 stores, cap. 
$4,800 ; 4 tanneries, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $32,050. 1 acad. 30 students, 3 sch. 
218 scholars. Pop. 1,203. 

RoxBORo, t., Philadelphia co., Pa., 7^ N. w. 
Philadelphia. The surface is hilly and rough ; 
soil, clay and loam. It contains the v. of Many- 
unk, on the Srhuylkill r., where a canal connects 
the pool at Fairmount with that of Flat Rock. 
The dam presents a beautiful ca.s<;ade, and forms 
ian interesting feature of the picturesque scenery. 



ROY 



570 



RUG 



Soapstone, or steatite, is found in the N. w. part! 
of the t. It has 24 stores, cap. $24,500 ; 1 lum- 1 
beryard, cap. $20,000; 1 forge, 11 fulling m., 4 
woollen fac, 8 cotton fac. 17,940 sp., 3 paper fac, 
8 flouring m., 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $1,246,100. 12 sch. 746 scholars. Pop. 5,797. 

RoxBOROUGii, p-v., capital of Person co., N. C, 
54 N. N. w. Raleigh, 250 W. It contains a court 
house, jail, 2 stores, and about 100 inhabitants. 

RoxBURV, p-t., Cheshire co., N. H., 49 s. w. 
Concord, 439 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, 
adapted to grazing. Drained oy branches of 
Ashuelot r. Incorporated in 1812. It has 3 sch. 
92 scholars. Pop. 286. 

RoxBURY, pt., Washington co., Vt., 16 s. by w. 
Montpelier, 500 W. Drained by liead branches 
of Dog r., which flows into Onion r., and by 
head branches of White r., which flows into 
Connecticut r. The surface is uneven ; soil, fer- 
tile. Chartered in 1781. Dog r. affords water 
power. It has 1 store, cap. $4,050 ; 1 fulling m., 

3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufao. $4,315. 

4 sch. 93 scholars. Pop. 227. 

RoxBURV, pt., Norfolk co., Mass., 2 s. Boston, 
438 W. A great part of the surfoce is rocky ; 
but the soil is strong and highly cultivated. It 
is joined to Boston by a neck of land, which con- 
stitutes a broad avenue, and m.iy be regarded as 
a continuation of Washington-street, Boston. In 
the w. part of the t. is Jamaica plains, a level 
tract, with elegant country seats, and well culti- 
vated gardens. Here is a pond, by which the 
Boston aqueduct is supplied. It is 4 miles from 
Boston, with 4 trains of cast iron pipes, the aggre- 
gate length of which is 40 ms. The v. at the 
centre contains 5 churches — 1 Unitarian, 1 
Congregational, 1 Baptist, 1 Episcopal, and 1 
Universali.st, 2 banks, and many beautiful resi- 
dences. There are 10 churches in the t. Incor- 
porated in 1630. It has 83 stores, cap. $755,000 ; 
4 lumber yards, cap. $60,000 ; 5 tainieries, 2 print- 
ing offices, 2 binderies, 1 weekly newspaper, 5 
grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $350,000. 
12 acad. 350 students, 20 sch. 881 scholars. Pop. 
9,089. 

RoxBURV, p-t., Litchfield co., Ct., 53 w. s. w. 
Hartford, 314 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, 
gravelly loam, with some sandy loam. Shepaug 
r., a tributary of the Housatonic, runs through 
the t. from n. to s., in its w. part. It contains a 
Congregational and an Episcopal church. It has 
2 stores, cap. $5,850 ; 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $1,450. 7 sch. 21 1 scholars. Pop. 971. 

RoxnuRY, p-t., Delaware co., N. Y., 20 e. Del- 
hi, 65 s. w. Albany, 352 W. The surface is hilly 
and mountainous ; soil, sandy loam, very fertile 
in the valleys. ■ Drained by Papacton branch of 
Delaware r. It has 5 stores, cap. $21,000; 1 
fulling m., 4 tanneries, 5 grist m., 18 saw ra. Cap. 
in manufac. $63,600. 18 sch. 990 scholars. Pop. 
3,013. 

RoxBURY, t., Morris co., N. J., 14 n. w. Mor- 
ristown. Schooley's mountain fills the greater 
portion of it.s area. On its summit is Budd's pond, 
2 ms. long and 1 broad, which has its outlet into 
the s. branch of Raritan r. Black r. runs on its 
E. border. The soil is clay loam, with a mixture 
of calcareous loam. It has 9 stores, cap. $14,200 ; 
1 lumber yard, cap. $4,100; 1 forge, 2 fulling m., 

1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 4 distilleries, 1 pottery, 

2 grist m. Cap. in manuiac. $8,300. 14 sch. 587 
scholars. Pop. 2,231. 

RoXBURY, p-v., Lurgan t., Franklin co.. Pa., 
47 w. by s. Harrisburg, 103 W. Situated on 
Conedogwinnet cr., on the e. side of Blue moun- 
tain. 

Royal Centre, po., Cass co., la. 



Royal Oaiv, p-o., Talbot co., Md., 53 e. by s. 
Annapolis, 93 W. 

Royal Oaic, p-t., Oakland co., Mich., 14 N. De- 
troit, 538 W. Watered by Red r. The v. con- 
tains 1 store, and 1 steam saw m. The Detroit 
and Pontiac radroad passes through it. It has 4 
stores, cap. $7,020 ; 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$5,315. 6 sch. 363 scholars. Pop. 860. 

Royalston, p-t., Worcester co., Mass., 74 w. 
Boston, 416 W. The surface is uneven; soil, 
productive. Watered by Miller's r., which, with 
its branches, aflTords good water power. Incor- 
porated in 1765. It has 3 stores, cap. $25,000 ; 7 
fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 
7 saw rn. Cap. in manufac. $61,350. 12 sch. 
233 scholars. Pop. 1,657. 

Royalto\, p-t,, Windsor co., Vt., 33 s. Mont- 
pelier, 48S W. The surface is broken and moun- 
tainous ; soil, fertile, particularly along White r., 
by which, and its branches, it is watered. The 
V. is pleasantly situated on the bank of White r., 
and contains a handsome Congregational church, 
an academy, a number of stores, and some neat 
dwellings. There are in the t. 4 stores, cap. 
$11,000; 2 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 
1 grist m., 6 saw'm. Cap. in manufac. $18,000. 
1 acad. 36 students, 16 sch. 567 scholars. Pop. 
1,917. 

Royalton, p-t., Niagara co., N. Y., 8 e. Lock- 
port, 271 w. Albany. The surfoee is undulating ; 
soil, a fertile calcareous loam. Watered by Tona- 
wanda cr., which bounds it on the s. It contains 
the V. of Gasport, on the Erie canal, where are 
some inflammable springs. There are in the 1. 11 
stores, cap. $35,850 ; 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 7 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $24,950. 16 sch. 744 scho- 
lars. Pop. 3,519. 

Royalton, t., Cuyahoga co., O., 126 n. e. Co- 
lumbus. Situated in the s. part of the CO. It has 

1 store, cap. $3,000 ; 15 sch. 454 scholars. Pop. 
1,051. 

Royalton, t, Lucas co., O. It has 1 brewery. 
Cap. in manufac. $6,275. 6 sch. 193 scholars. 
Pop. 401. 

Royalton, p-v., Amanda t., Fairfield co., O., 
40 s. e. Columbus, 385 W. It contains 1 church, 

2 stores, about 30 dwellings, and 180 inhabitants. 
Royalton, p-t., Berrien co., Mich., 198 w. by 

s. Detroit, 649 W. The soil is fertile, adapted to 
grain. It has 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,975. 
Pop. 146. 

Royalton, p-v., Boone co., la., 14 n. w. In- 
dianapolis, 5S5 W. 

Royalton Centre, p-o., Royalton t., Niagara 
CO., N. Y., 271 w. by n. Albany, 396 W. 

RuARK, p-o., Lawrence co., III., 171 s. e. Spring- 
field, 709 W. 

RucKERSviLLE, p-v., Greene co., Va. 

RucKERsviLLE, p-v., Elbert co., Ga., 118 n. n. 
E. Milledgeville, 561 W. Situated on Van's cr., 
and contains a Baptist church, an academy, 6 
stores, and several dwellings. 

Ruckman's, p-o., Mercer co., O., 119 w. N. w. 
Columbus, 499 W. 

RucKLEssTOWN, p-v., Btu-liiigton cc, N. J., 10 
s. Trenton, 171 W. 

RucKMANsviLLE, p-0., Bath CO., Va., 173 w. n. 
w. Richmond, 193 W. 

Ruddle, t.. Independence co.. Ark. It has 8 
stores, cap., $40,000 ; 1 taimery, 2 distilleries, 1 
printing office, 2 weekly newspapers, 3 grist m., 
2 saw m. (^ap. in manufac. $15,000. 1 acad. 55 
students, 2 sch. 45 scholars. Pop. 3,669. 

Ruddle's Mills, p-o., Bourbon co., Ky., 42 
E. Frankfort, 513 W. 

Ruggles, p-t., Huron co., O., 91 n. by e. Co- 
lumbus, 330 W. Situated in the s. e. corner of 



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580 



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the CO. It has 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,500. 
6 sell. 266 scholars. Pop. 1,245. 

RuMFORD, p-t., Oxford co., Me., 52 w. n. \v. 
Augusta, 614 W. Situated on the n. w. side of 
Androscoggin r., by which, and its branches, it is 
drained, and which afford good water power. 
The soil is fertile, adapted to grain. Incorporated 
in 1800. It has 6 stores, cap. $6,200 ; 2 tanneries, 
1 grist m., 3 saw m., 12 sch. 622 scholars. Pop. 
1,444. 

RuMMERFiF.i^D Crf.ek, p-o., Wysox t., Brad- 
ford CO., Pa., 143 Harrisburg, 253 VV. The cr. 
rises in Orwell and Hows into tlie Susquehanna. 
RuMLEV, t., Harrison co., O. It has 7 sch. 242 
scholars. Pop. 1,039. 

RuMLEY, p-o., Shelby co., O., 97 w. n. w. Co- 
lumbus, 491 VV. 

RuMNEV, p-t., Grafton co., N. H., 47 n. by w. 
Concord, 525 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, 
moderately fertile. Drained by Baker's r. and 
its branches. First settled in 1765. It has 3 
stores, cap. $16,000; 3 tanneries, 1 grist m., 8 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,150. 10 sch. 364 
scholars. Pop. 1,116. 

RoMNEY, p-v., Muhlenburg cc, Ky., 82 w. s. 
W. Frankfort, 714 W. 

Rupert, p-t., Bennington co., Vt., 94 s. w. 
Montpeher, 424 W. The surface is mountainous ; 
soil, adapted to grazing. Drained by Pawlet r. 
and a branch of Battenkill, which afford water 
power. It has 3 stores, cap. $3,900 ; 9 sch. 346 
scholars. Pop. 1,086. 

Rural Hill, p-o., Wilson co., Tenn., 16 e. 
Nashville, 668 W. 

Rural Retreat, p-o., Wythe co., Va., 257 w. 
by s. Richmond, 325 W. 

Rural Valley, p-o., Armstrong co., Pa., 190 
w. N. w. Harrisburg, 224 W. 

Ruscumb Manor, t., Berks co.. Pa. The sur- 
face is very hilly ; soil, indifferent in quality and 
cultivation. Maiden cr. runs on its n. and n. w. 
border. It has 1 store, cap. $3,000 ; 2 tanneries, 
1 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $2,900. Pop. 
1,189. 

Rush, county, la. Situated toward the e. 
part of the state, and contains 410 sq. ms. Or- 
ganized in 1821. The surface is gently rolling; 
soil, fertile. Drained by Big and Little Blue rs., 
and by Big and Little Flat Rock creeks, which 
afford water power. Capital, Rushville. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 15,163, sheep 29,091, 
swine 48,458; wheat 99,712 bushels produced, 
rye 5,375, Ind. corn 1,156,707, oats 224,064, pola- 
toes 19,039, tobacco 12,239 pounds, sugar 414,155 ; 
38 stores, cap. $78,050 ; 4 tanneries, 8 distilleries, 
1 brewery, 18 flouring m., 17 grist m., 2 printing 
offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. 
$54,956. 48 sch. 1,149 scholars. Pop. 16,454. 

Rush, p-t., Monroe co., N. Y., 12 s. Rochester, 
218 w. by N. Albany, 363 VV. The surface is un- 
dulating ; soil, very fertile, producing large crops 
of wheat and other grain. Drained by Honeoye 
cr., flowing into the Genesee r., which bounds it 
on the w. The v. is situated on Honeoye cr., 
and contains 1 church, 2 stores, 1 tlouring m., 1 
carding machine, 1 saw m., 30 dwellings, and 
about 200 inhabitants. The t. has 3 stores, cap. 
$10,500 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $5,250. 15 sch. 631 scholars. Pop. 1,929. 

Rush, t., Susquehanna co.. Pa. Drained by 
Wyalusing cr., and Lake and Deer Lick creeks. 
The surface is hilly ; soil, gravelly loam. It has 
1 store, cap. $4,000 ; 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 4 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $8,025. 10 sch. 340 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,039. 

Rush, t., Northumberland co., Pa. The sur- 
face is hilly and mountainous. It has 1 store, 



cap. $1,000; 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 1 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $6,575. 5 sch. 278 scholars. 
Pop. 1,02"^. 

Rush, t., Dauphin co.. Pa., 20 n. e. Harris- 
burg. The surface is very mountainous ; soil, 
sterile. It has 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 3 sch. 48 
scholars. Pop. 247. 

Rush, p-t., Tuscarawas co., O., 108 E. n. e. 
Columbus, 307 W. It has 1 store, cap. $4,500; 

1 flouring m., 4 grist m., 3 saw m., 8 sch. 499 
scholars. Pop. 1,293. 

Rush, t.. Champaign co., O. Organized in 
1829. It contains the villages of Woodstock and 
Louisburg. It has 2 stores, cap. $2,51)0 ; 1 tan- 
nery, 3 saw m., 6 sch. 179 scholars. Pop. 1,226. 

Rush (Jreek, t., Fairfield co., O. It has the 
villages of Bremen and Geneva. Pop. 2,424. 

RusHFORD, p-t., Allegliany co., N. Y., 272 w. 
by S.Albany, 331 W. The surface is undulating ; 
soil, clay loam and gravelly mold, well adapted 
to grass. Drained by Cold cr. The v. contains 

2 churches, 8 stores, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 90 
dwellings, and about 700 inhabitants. There are 
in the t. 8 stores, cap. $17,800 ; 2 fulling m., 1 
woollen fac, 1 furnace, 3 tanneries, 2 grist m., 7 
saw m. Cap. in manul'ac. $25,150. 9 sch. 273 
scholars. Pop. 1,512. 

Rushville, p-v., Ontario co., N. Y., 205 w. 
Albany, 331 W. Situated on West r., partly in 
Gorham t., Ontario co., and partly in Potter t., 
Yates CO. It contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Metho- 
dist church, an academy, 8 stores, 2 grist m., 1 
saw m., 2 furnaces, 90 dwellings, and about 500 
inhabitants. 

Rushville, p-v.. Rush t., Susquehanna co., 
Pa., 159 N. N. E. Harrisburg, 269 W. 

Rushville, p-v., Richland t., Fairfield co , O., 
39 s. E. C^olunibus, 366 W. It contains about 40 
dwellings and 250 inhabitants, and several mills 
in the vicinity. 

Rushville, p-v., capital of Rush co., la., 40 e. 
s. E. Indianapolis, 538 W. Situated on Big Flat 
Rock cr., and contains a court house, jail, 3 
churches — 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, and 1 Presby- 
terian — 4 stores, 80 dwellings, and about 500 iii- 
habitanis. Pop. of t. 2,146. 

Rushville, pv., capital of Schuyler co., 111., 
60 Springfield, 833 W. It is situated at the s. 
end of a beautiful prairie, and contains a court 
house of brick, 2 stories high, a jail, 4 churches — 
1 Presbyterian, 1 Methodist, 1 Episcopal, and 1 
Campbellite — 150 dwellings, and about 1,000 in- 
habitants. 

Rushvlvania, p-o., Logan co., O., 78 !<). w. 
Columbus, 452 W. 

Russell, county, Va. Situated in the s. w. 
part of the state, and contains 1,370 sq. miles. 
Drained by Clinch r., and head branches of the 
w. fork of Sandy r. The surface consists of 
mountain ranges and valleys, and is much of it 
rocky and rough. Capital, Lebanon. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 14,404, slieep 15,431, 
swine 26,945 ; wheat 59,400 bushels produced, 
rye 7,898, Ind. corn 2:14,253, buckwheat 558, oats 
142,377, potatoes 20,658, sugar 106,616 lbs.; 10 
stores, cap. $27,800 ; 8 tanneries, 100 distilleries, 
25 grist m., 10 saw m., 2 oil m. Cap. in manufac. 
$2'J,040. 2 sch. 41 scholars. Pop. whites 7,152, 
slaves 700, free col'd 26 ; total, 7,878. 

Russell, county, Ala. Situated in the E. 
part of the state, s. of the middle, and contains 
865 sq. ms. The Chattahoochee r. runs on its e. 
border, by branches of which it is drained. Capi- 
tal, McDonald. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
17,375, slieep 1,806, swine 27,201 ; wheat 11,479 
bushels produced, rye 141, Indian com 387,534, 
barley 296, oats 5,341, potatoes 37,913, cotton 



RUS 



581 



RUT 



l,112,7iy lbs; 13 stores, cap. $47.21)0; 12grislin., 

II saw m. Cap. in raanufoc. $3(5,195. 3 acad. 

III students, 14 sch. 325 .scholars. Pop. whites 
6,244, slaves 7,266, free col'd 3; total, 13,513. 

Russell, county, Ky. Situated toward the s. 
E. part of tlie state, and contains 260 sq. miles. 
Drained by Cumberland r. and its branches. 
Wolf cr. and Fish or. Capital, Jamestown. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 3,628, sheep 3,809, 
swine 11,704; wheat 8,076 bushels produced, 
hid. corn 144,119, oats 28,3i.K), potatoes 4,524, rice 
16,374 pounds, tobacco 780,505, cotton 5,773, su- 
gar 4,469 ; 3 stores, cap. S2,850 ; 1 cotton lac. 168 
.sp., 2 tanneries, 26 distilleries, 8 grist m., 3 saw 
111., ] oil m. Cap. in manufac. $16,780. 2 sch. 
50 scholars. Pop. whites 3,828, slaves 406, free 
col'd 4 ; total, 4,238. 

Russell, p-t., Hampden co., Mass., 108 w. by 
s. Boston, 372 W. Watered by Westfield river, 
which affords water power. Incorporated in 
1792. It contains a church, common to Congre- 
gationalists and Methodists. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $5,000 ; 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $2,000. 5 sch. 156 scholars. Pop. 955. 

Russell, p-t., St. Lawrence co., N. Y., 192 n. 
N. w. Albany, 476 W. The surface is uneven ; 
soil, sandy and clay loam, adapted to grazing. 
Drained by West Canada cr. The v. contains a 
state arsenal. It has 1 store, cap. $300 ; 1 tan- 
nery, 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,800. 13 
sch. 371 scholars. Pop. 1,373. 

Russell, p-t., Geauga co., O., 154 n. e. Co- 
lumbus, 340 W. It has 1 fulling m.,2 grist m., 4 
saw m., 9 sch. 250 scholars. Pop. 742. 

Russell, t., Putnam co., la. It has 4 stores, 
cap. $16,000; 1 tannery, 5 distilleries, 1 pottery, 
6 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,200. 
8 sch. 206 scholars. Pop. 1,503. 

Russellburg, p-v.. Pine Grove t., Warren co., 
Pa., 212 N. w. HarrisbuKg, 304 W. Situated on 
the w. side of Conewango cr. 

Russell Hill, p-o., Luzerne co., Pa., 160 n. 
E. Ilarrisburg, 265 W. 

Russell Place, p-o., Kershaw dist., S. C, 
63 N. E. Columbia, 474 W. 

Russellville, p-v., Chester co., Pa., 65 e. s. 
E. Harrisburg, 102 W. 

RussELviLLE, p-v., capital of Franklin co., 
Ala., Ill N. by w. Tuscaloosa, 796 W. Situated 
oti Cedar cr. a branch of Bear cr., which flows 
into Tenne.<see r., and contains a court house, 
jail, and about 25 dwellings. 

Russellville, p-v., Byrd t.. Brown co., O., 
103 s. s. w. Columbus, 459 VV. 

RusgELLViLLE, p-v.. Capital of Logan co., Ky., 
172 s. w. Frankfort, 696 W Situated between 
Green and Cumberland rivers, 35 miles from 
each. It contains a seminary, denominated a 
college, a court house, jail, 2 churches, and about 
175 dwellings. 

Russellville, p-v., Putnam co., la., 50 w. 
Indianapolis, 621 W. It contains about 100 in- 
habitants. 

Russellville, p-v., Lawrence co., 111., 170 s. 
E. Springfield, 698 VV. Situated on Wabash r., 
in the n. e. corner of the co. 

Russellville, p-v., Claiborne par.. La., 386 
N. w. New Orleans, 1,256 W. 

Russia, t., Loraine co., O. It has 1 store, 
cap. $1,500; 1 tannery, 1 printing office, 1 binde- 
ry, 1 semi-weekly newspaper, 1 grist m., 1 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $7,800. 1 college, 498 
students, 3 sch. 101 scholars. Pop. 1,302. 

Russia, p-t., Herkimer co., N. ^ ., 16 n. Herki- 
mer, 93 N. w. Albany, 408 W. The surface is 
elevated and hilly ; soil, sandy loam and clay, 
well adapted to grass. Drained by West Cana- 



da cr. The v. contains 1 church, 2 stores, 1 grist 
m., 1 saw m., 35 dwellings, and about 200 in- 
habitants. There are in the t. 8 stores, cap. 
$18,100; 2 lumber yard.s, 3 fullhig m., 2 cotton 
m. 1,004 sp., 2 forges, 4 tanneries, 4 grist m., 11 
saw m. Cap. m manufac. $56,130. 14 sch. 619 
scholars. Pop. 2,298. 

Rutherford, county, N. C. Situated in the 
s. w. part of the state, and contains 1,025 sq. ms. 
The soil is various ; some of if very fertile, and 
some of it thin and sterile. Drained by head 
branches of Broad r. Capital, Rutherfordton. 
There were in J 840, neat cattle 14,0S6, sheep 
17,784, swine 92,059 ; wheat 76,663 bushels pro- 
duced, rye 6,030, Indian corn 1,090,3S8, barley 
1,000, oats 57,955, potatoes 16,599, tobacco 4,653 
pounds, cotton 250,325 ; 11 stores, 5 tanneries, 15 
distilleries, 2 flouring m., 53 grist m., 16 saw, m., 
2 oil m., 1 printing office. Cap. in manufac. $800. 
8 sch. 149 scholars. Pop. whites 15,875, slaves 
3,201, free col'd 126 ; total, 19,202. 

Rutherford, county, Tenn. Situated near 
the centre of the state, and contains 5i0 sq. ms. 
Drained by Stone's r., and numerous branches 
flowing into Cumberland r. The soil is very 
fertile. Capital, Murfreesboro'. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 25,225, sheep 35,625, swine 
81,430; wheat 147,500 bushels produced, rye 
10,'JOO, Ind. com 3,.301,000, oats 222,400, potatoes 
114,666, tobacco 1,089,000 lbs., cotton 2,620,000, 
sugar 1,200 ; 20 stores, cap. $400,000 ; 5 woollen 
fac, 1 cotton fac. 612 sp., 12 tanneries, 20 distil- 
leries, 5 flouring m., 30 grist m., 25 saw m., 2 
printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in 
manufac. $201,300. 5 acad. 244 students, 24 
sch. 633 scholars. Pop. whites 15,042, slaves 
9,072, free col'd 166 ; total, 24,280. 

Rutherfordton, p-v., capital of Rutherford 
CO., N. C, 216 w. by s. Raleigh, 453 W. Situ- 
ated on a branch of Broad r., and contains a 
court house, jail, and an academy, and about 300 
inhabitants. 

RuTHER Glen, p o., Caroline co., Va., 37 n. 
Richmond, 97 W. 

RuTLA.ND, county, Vt. Situated toward the s. 
E. part of the state, and contains 958 square ms. 
Drained by Otter cr., Black, Wliite, Queechee, 
and Pawiet rivers. The surface is in the E. parts 
mountahious, adapled to grazing, but it has much 
good land on Otter cr. Many fine cattle and 
sheep are raised. Iron ore and marble are ex- 
tensively found. Capital, Rutland. There were 
in 1810, neat cattle 40,023, sheep 271,727, swine 
15,563; wheat 40,116 bushels produced, rye 
3S,0I3, Ind. corn 154,792, buckwheat 10,850, bar- 
Icy 853, oats 154,119, potatoes 642,108, silk co- 
coons 1,990 pounds, sugar 396,804; 77 stores, 
cap. $186,675; 11 furnaces, 5 forges, 11 fulling 
m., 8 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 1,076 sp., 27 tan- 
neries, 1 flouring m, 20 grist m., 103 saw m., 2 oil 
m., 1 paper fac, 2 printing offices, 1 weekly news- 
paper. Cap. in manufac. $292,900. 3 acad. 382 
students, 249 sch. 10,330 scholars. Pop. 30,699. 

Rutland, p-t., capital of Rutland co , Vt., 62 
s. w. Montpelier, 456 W. The surface is un- 
even ; soil, various, from a strong loam to a 
light sand, but generally fertile. Drained by 
Otter cr. and its branches, which afl^jrd water 
power, and by a braneii of Castleton r. The 
principal v. has an elevated situation, and con- 
tains a court house, jail, a bank, 1 Congregational 
and 1 Episcopal church, 12 stores, a printing 
office issuing a weekly newspaper, and about 100 
dwellings, many of them handsome. In the w. 
part of the t. is another v., containing a Congre- 
gational church and about 30 dwellings. 'The 
Baptists and Methodists also have churches. 



SAC 



582 



SAC 



Chartered in 1761. There are in the 1. 11 stores, 
cap. $28,700 ; 1 tannery, 1 printing office, 1 
bindery, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $23,430. 16 soh. %3 scliolar.s. Pop,;2,708. 

Rutland, p-t., Worcester co., Mass., 55 vv. by 
N. Boston, 412 W. The surfaee is elevated and 
uneven ; soil, fertile, adapted to grazing. Wa- 
tered by a branch of Ware r., which alTbrds wa- 
ter power. Incorporated in 1722. The central 
V. contains a handsome Congregational church, a 
town house, and several handsome dwellings. 
Cap. in manufac. $6,000. 1 acad. 40 students. 13 
sch. 712 scholars. Pop. 1,260. 

Rutland, p-t., Jefferson co., N. Y., 15S n. w. 
Albany. The surface is undulating ; soil, a fer- 
tile loam. Drained by Sandy cr. and Black r. 
The remains of Indian fortifications are found 
here. It lias 4 .stores, cap. $4,000 ; 2 fulling m., 
3 tanneries, 1 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $26,300. 11 sch. 253 scholars. Pop. 2,090. 

Rutland, p-t., Tioga co.. Pa., 151 n. Harris- 
burg, 261 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, gravel- 
ly loam. It has 1 store, 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 1 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,100. 1 sch. 60 
scholars. Pop. 692. 

Rutland, p-t., Meigs co., O., 92 s. e. Colum- 
bus, 347 W. It has 4 stores, cap. $3,250 ; 2 tan- 
neries, 1 distillery, 3 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $7,625. 11 sch. 230 scholars. Pop. 
1,410. 

Rutledge, v., Conewango t., Cattaraugus co., 
N. Y. Situated on the line of the New York 
and Erie railroad, and contains 1 Presbyterian 
church, 3 stores, 1 saw m., 40 dwellings, and 
about 250 inhabitants. 

Rutledge, p-v., capital of Granger co., Tenn., 
216 E. Nashville, 466 W. It contains a court 
house, jail, and about 75 inhabitants. 

Ryal's, p-o., Montgomery co., Ga., 123 s. e. 
Milledgeville, 734 W. 

Rye, p-t., Rockingham co., N. H., 63 s. Ports- 
mouth, 42 s. E. Concord, 479 W. The Atlantic 
ocean bounds it on the s. e., for the distance of 



6 miles. The surface has considerable sandy 
beach and salt meadow, which yields large quan- 
tities of grass. It has a harbor which admits 
small vessels, and from which the fisheries are 
carried on. Chartered in 1719. It has 3 stores, 
cap. $1,100; 5 grist m., 3 saw m., 1 acad. 25 
students, 4 sch. 420 scholars. Pop. 1,205. 

Rye, p-t., Westchester co., N. Y., 27 e. n. e. 
New York, 146 s. Albany, 251 W. The surface 
is uneven and stony ; soil, clay loam. Drained 
by Byram r. and other small streams flowing 
into Long Island sound. The v., situated 1 m. 
n. of the sound, contains 3 churches — 1 Presby- 
terian, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Methodist, — an acade- 
my, 3 stores, 35 dwellings, and about 200 in- 
habitants. There are in the t. 3 acad. 54 stu- 
dents, 6 sch. 193 scholars. Pop. 1,803. 

Ryeoate, pt., Caledonia co., Vt., 43 e. by s. 
Montpelier, 529 W. Situated on the w. side of 
Connecticut r. Watered by Wells r., which 
affords water power. The surface is uneven ; 
soil, fertile, adapted chiefly to grazing, but pro- 
ducing grain. There are several ponds which 
discharge their waters into Connecticut river. 
At Canoe falls, in Connecticut r., against the mid- 
dle of the t., is a dam across the r., which affords 
extensive water power. Chartered in 1763. 
First settled in 1774, by emigrants from Scot- 
land, from whom most of the hihabitants have 
descended. It contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 
Associate Reformed church. It has 1 store, cap. 
$3,000 ; 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $7,200. 9 sch. 459 scholars. Pop. 
1,223. 

Ryerson's Station, p-o., Greene co., Pa., 
231 w. by s. Harrisburg, 247 W. 

Rye, t.. Perry co.. Pa. It has 1 grist m., 4 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $4,235. 4 sch. 139 schol- 
ars. Pop. 451. 

Rye Valley, p-o., Smyth co., Va., 280 w. by 
s. Richmond, 346 W. 

Rye Ridge, p-o., Morgan co., Tenn., 168 e. 
Nashville, 536 W 



s. 



Sabatus, p-o., Lincoln co.. Me., 35 s. Augusta, 
578 W. 

Sabillesville, p-v., Frederick co., Md., 95 n. 
W. Annapolis, 66 W. 

Sabina, p-v., Richland t., Clinton co., O., 62 s. 
■w. Columbus, 433 W. It contains 2 stores, and 
a number of dwellings. 

Sabine, r.. La. and Texas, rises in Texas in 
lat. 32° 30' N., and flows southwardly and enters 
La. in its w. part, in Caddo par., and thence Ibrms 
the boundary between the United States and 
Texas. It is 300 ms. long, and, in low stages of 
the water, it has but 4 feet of water on the bar at 
its mouth. It enters and passes through Sabine 
lake, 30 ms. long, and from 1 to 7 or 8 ms. wide, 
before it enters the Gulf of Mexico ; but in leav- 
ing the lake, it contracts to a width but little 
greater than it had when it entered it. Its course, 
in its lower part, is through an extended and 
sterile prairie. It waters the most hilly parts of 
the state, further up, and among those hills are 
frequent streams and some lakes and ponds, and 
oftentimes small strips of good second rate land. 
It derives its chief importance from being the 
boundary between the United States and Texas. 

Sable or Au Sable, r. (See Ausable rivers. 
Great and Little.) 

Sacandaga, r., N. Y., rises in Hamilton co., 
having its source in Oseco, Round, and Pleasant 
lakes, and some smaller lakes. Flowing in a wind- 



ing easterly direction, it empties into Hudson r., 
in Hadley t., Saratoga co., opposite Luzerne v. 

Sacarappa, p-v., Westbrook t., Cumberland 
CO., Me., 4 N. Portland, 56 s. w. Augusta, 545 W. 
Situated on Presumpscot r., which here affords 
extensive water power. It contains numerous 
saw and other mills. 

Sacheiu's Head, v., Guilford t., New Haven 
CO., Ct., 3i s. w. of Guilford borough. It is a 
noted watering place on Long Island sound. 

Sachem, Grand, Mt., N. Y., called also New 
Beacon mt., half a mile s. of the highest point of 
the Highlands, and is 1,683 feet above tidewater 
in the Hudson. Its summit presents a grand 
and beautiful prospect. 

Sackett's, p-o., Macomb co., Mich., 24 n. by 
E. Detroit, 548 W. 

Sacketts Harbor, p-v., Houndsfield t., Jef- 
ferson CO., N. Y., 174 N. w. Albany, 415 W. Sit- 
uated on Black River bay, near the foot of Lake 
Ontario, 12 ms. from the lake. It is one of the 
most secure and best harbors on the lake, and 
was a great naval station during the last war 
with Great Britain. Incorporated in 1814, and 
contains 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episco- 
pal, and 1 Methodist — a banking house, 24 stores, 
4 forwarding houses, a ship yard, and rope walk, 
3 saw m., 2 furnaces, 1 machine shop, 1 plaster 
m., 1 tannery, 300 dwellings, and about 2,000 in- 
habitants. Here are the Madison Barracks, erect- 



SAD 



583 



SAT 



ed by the United States in 1814. A great water 
power is created here by a eanal brought from 
the Black r., near Watertown, a distance ol' 12 
nis. Tonnage in 1810, 3,637. 

Saco, r., N. II. and Me., rises in tlie White 
mountains, N. H., within a few rods of the 
source of Ammonoosuc r., flowing w. to Con- 
necticut r., and flows E. through the celebrated 
Notch, with a rapid and foaming current, and 
frequent cascades. It enters Maine in Fry- 
Inirg, and pursues a winding course, in a s. e. 
direction, until it enters the Atlantic, between 
Saco and Biddeford. It has 4 principal falls in 
Maine of 70, 20, 30, and 42 feet respectively, 
which afford in the aggregate an immense water 
power. Pine timber is found extensively on its 
banks, furnishing supplies for numerous saw mills. 

Saco, p-t., and port of entry, York co., Mc., 15 
s. w. Portland, 65 s. s. w. Augusta, 100 n. n. e. 
Boston, 530 W. Situated on the e. side of Saco 
r. It has fine interval land on the r. Watered 
by 5 small streams flowing from a fen or bog. 
The V. is situated at the falls, 6 miles from the 
mouth of the r., where is a descent of 42 feet, 
creating a great water power, and presenthig an 
interesting and beautiful view. The v. contains 
an elegant Congregational church, a bank, an 
academy, numerous mills, man j"^ handsome dwell- 
ings, and has considerable navigation and trade, 
particularly in lumber. Just below the falls is a 
fine basin, where vessels take in their cargoes. 
On the shore is a fine beach, 4 ms. long, with a 
beautiful view of the ocean, which affords a 
pleasant drive in warm weather. There are in 
the t. 38 stores, cap. $68,050; 3 cotton fac. 17,760 
sp., 3 tanneries, 2 printing offices, 2 weekly 
newspapers, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $1,020,932. 5 acad. 246 students, 21 sch. 
800 scholars. Pop. 4,408. Tonnage in 1840, 3,358. 

Saddle, r., N. J., rises in N. Y., a few miles 
above its s. boundary, and flow.s 18 ms. to its en- 
trance into Passaic r., about 1 m. above Aequack- 
anock. It has a rapid course, and affords exten- 
sive water power. 

Saddle River, t., Bergen co., N. J., 8 n. w. 
Hackensacktown. It has Saddle r. on its e. and 
Passaic r. on its s. boundarj'. It is moimtainous 
in some parts, but level on the e., between Pas- 
saic and Saddle rivers. The soil is red shale and 
loam, fertile in the valleys, and well cultivated. 
Watered by Singac, Preaknes.s, Krokaevall, Gof- 
fle, and Ackerman's brooks. It has 2 stores, cap. 
$650 ; 1 <hstillery, 4 grist m., 1 saw m., 3 sch. 86 
scholars. Pop. 828. 

Saddleback, mt., Franklin co., Me., a few ms. 
northwest of Phillips t., and is 4,000 feet above 
the level of the sea. 

Sad.'^p.ury, p-t., Chester co., Pa., 37 n. w. Phil- 
adelphia, 59 E. s. E. Harrisburg, 129 W. Post- 
oflnce called Sadbury ville. The surface is hilly ; 
soil, gravelly. Drained by Octarara cr. on the 
w., and Back run and the w. branch of Brandy- 
wine r. on the e. Sadsburyville v. contains 1 
store, and 12 or 15 dwellings. There are in the 
t. 10 stores, cap. $23,250 ; 2 lumber yards, cap. 
$4,000; 3 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 2 cotton fac. 
2,217 sp., 1 furnace, 2 forges, 2 tanneries, 1 (lour- 
ing m., 5 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$4S,090. 8 sch. 320 scholars. Pop. 2,292. 

Sadsbury, t., Lancaster co., Pa., 16 s. w. 
Lancaster. The surface is hilly and rolling ; soil, 
calcareous loam and clay. Octarara cr. flows on 
its E. boundary, and affords water power. It 
has 3 stores, cap. $10,500; 3 forges, 4 tanneries, 
5 flouring m., 3 grist m. Cap. in manufactures, 
$17,500. 8 sch. 250 scholars. Pop. 2,093. 

Sadsbuky, t., Crawford co., Pa. It has 9 stores, 



cap. $25,300 ; 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 3 grist m., 
2 saw m. Cap. in manufoc. $8,900. Pop. 2,441. 

Saegersville, p-o., Lehigh co., Pa., 91 e. n. 
E. Harrisburg, 184 W. 

Safe Harbor, p-o., Lancaster co.. Pa. 

Saffoiu), p-o., Perry co., la., 134 s. Indian- 
apolis, 653 W. 

Sagerstown, p-o., Crawford co., Pa., 240 n. 
w. Harrisburg, 313 W. 

Sage's Ferry, p-o., Jackson co., la., 83 s. In- 
dianapolis, 600 W. 

Sagg Harbor, p-v., and port of entry, East 
and Southampton t., Suffolk co., N. Y., 110 e. 
New York, 260 s. s. e. Albany, 340 W. Situ- 
ated on a bay of the same name, between Gard- 
ner's and Great Peconic bays. Incorporated in 
1803. It contains 4 churches — 1 Presbyterian, I 
Methodist, 1 Roman Catholic, and 1 African — 35 
stores, 1 grist m., 2 wind m. a dry dock, 500 
dwellings, and about 3,500 inhabitants. There 
are 41 ships employed in the whaling business, 
and 6 or 8 sloops in the coasting trade. Salt is 
made to a considerable amount by the evapora- 
tion of sea water. Tonnage, 1840, 20,405. 

Sagg Village, v., Southampton t., Suffolk co., 
N. Y., 6 s. Sagg Harbor. Situated near the 
ocean, and contains a Methodist church, and 
about 25 dwellings. 

Saginaw, bay, Mich., a branch of Lake Hu- 
ron, 60 ms. long, and 30 wide, containing a num- 
ber of islands, the largest of which is Shawangunk 
island, near the centre. It is navigable for ves- 
sels of any burden, and numerous coves, pro- 
tected by islands, afford some of the best harbors 
on the lake. It receives Saginaw r. 

Saginaw, r., Mich., is one of the largest rivers 
in the Peninsula. It is formed by the union of 
Cass r. from the e., Flint and Shiawassee from 
the s., and Tittibawassec from the n. w. The 
length of the Saginaw from Flint r., where it 
commences, is 25 ms., in a direct line to its 
mouth, but some of its branches have four times 
that length. Its course is n. e. to its entrance 
into Saginaw bay. It has a depth of from 25 to 
30 feet, but a sand bar at its mouth has not ordi- 
narily a depth of water upon it of more than 5 or 
6 feet, though an E. wind frequently raises it 3 
feet above its usual level. 

Saginaw, county, Mich. Situated toward the 
N. E. part of the settled portion of the Peninsula, 
and contains 1,031 sq. ms. Drained by Saginaw 
r. and its tributaries. Saginaw bay lies on its n. 
E. border. The surface is level or undulating ; 
soil, a dark, rich, sandy loam, from 18 to 24 inches 
deep, on a substratum of clay. Pine timber cov- 
ers one third of the co., on the e. and s. E. In 
the N. w. part, on the bay, limestone and gyp- 
sum are found. C'apital, Saginaw. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 1,066, swine 1,462 ; wheat 
4,125 bush, produced, Ind. corn 9,837, oats 2,841, 
potatoes 16,929, sugar 12,229; 5 stores, cap. 
$20,500 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $43,100. Pop. 892. 

Saginaw, p-t., and capital of Saginaw co., 
3Iich., 97 N. by w. Detroit, 621 W. The v. is 
situated on the w. bank of Saginaw r., 23 miles 
from its mouth. The ground is elevated about 
30 feet above the level of the r. It contains a 
U. S. land office, a deputy collector's oflice, a 
court house, 3 stores, 2 warehouses, and 2 steam 
saw m. A steamboat and several vessels be- 
long to the place. It has great natural advan- 
tages, and is likely to become a place of import- 
ance. There are in the t. 5 stores, cap. $20,500 ; 
1 tannery, 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $42,200. Pop. 837. 
Sail Creek, p-o., Hamilton co., Tenu. 



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SAT 



Sailor's Rest, p-o., Montgomery cc, Tenn., 
60 N. w. Nashville, 744 W. 

Saint Albans, p-t., Somerset eo., Me., 50 n. 
N. E. Augustn, 645 W. The soil is fertile, adapt- 
ed to grain. Drained by a branch of Sebasticooli 
r., issuing from a pond, which afford.s water pow- 
er. Incorporated in 1813. It has 4 stores, cap. 
$10,500 ; 2 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 4 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $23,075. 1 acad. 50 stu- 
dents, 13 sch. 651 scholars. Pop. 1,564. 

Saint Albans, p-t., capital of Franklin Co., 
Vt., 20 N. Burlington, 63 n. w. by n. Montpelier, 
537 W. It is bounded w. by Lake Champlain. 
The surface is moderately uneven ; soil, a fertile 
loam, and well cultivated. The v. is situated 3 
ms. E. of the lake, on elevated ground, and con 
tains a court house and jail, on a handsome pub- 
lic square, 30 by 25 rods, 3 churches — 1 Congre- 
gational, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Methodist— a bank, 
an academy, a printing office, issuing a weekly 
newspaper, and about 100 dwellings, many of 
them neat. It has a good landing place on St. 
Albans bay, with a wharf and several store- 
houses. The business of the place is extensive, 
with a fertile back country. There are in the t. 
20 stores, cap. $80,000 ; 2 tanneries, 2 printing 
offices, 2 binderies, 2 weekly newspapers, 4 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $20,500. 1 acad. 80 stu- 
dents, 14 sch. 315 scholars. Pop. 2,702. 

Saint Albans, t.. Licking co., O., 12 w. New- 
ark. Situated on Racoon ibrk of Licking r. It 
contains the p-v. of Alexandria. Pop. 1,315. 

Saint Albans, p-v., Hancock co., 111., 99 w. 
N. w. Springfield, 877 W. 

Saint Andrews, p-o., Montgomery t., Orange 
CO., N. Y., 94 s. by w. Albany, 2'.)6 W. 

Saint Andrews, bay and sound, situated on 
the s. coast of Florida. Its arms extend 30 miles 
into the country. It is easy of access, and has 18 
feet of water on the bar, and good anchorage 
within, sheltered from all winds. The main 
body of the bay extends 12 ms. N., with an aver- 
age breadth of from 2 to 5 ms. One mile from 
the sea beach, an arm extends 20 miles parallel 
with the coast. Ten miles from the sea another 
arm extends e. for 30 ms., from 1 to 10 ms. wide. 
The bay has some fertile settlements on its bor- 
ders. 

Saint Augustine, p-v., Cecil co., Md., 89 n. 
E. Annapolis, 101 W. 

Saint Augustine, city, port of entry, and 
capital of St. Johns co., Flor., 200 e. by s. Talla- 
hassee, 880 W. It is situated 2 miles back from 
the Atlantic shore, on the s. point of a peninsula, 
connected with the main land by a narrow isth- 
mus, protected from the swell of the ocean by 
Anastasia island, not sufficiently high to obstruct 
the sea breezes or a view of the ocean. The site 
of the city, though scarcely 12 feet higher than 
the level of the ocean, is healthy and pleasant, 
which makes it a favorite resort of invalids from 
the N. Snow is almost unknown, and frost is 
felt only one or two months in the year, and in 
some seasons it is not perceived at all. In the 
summer the sea breezes temper the heat, and the 
land breezes render the evenings cool and p!ea.s- 
ant. It is in the form of a parallelogram, fronting 
E. on Matanzas sound, forming a harbor sufficient 
to contain a large fleet in safety. A bar at the 
mouth of the harbor has not more than 9 feet of 
water at low tide, within which il is 18 or 20 feet. 
The cily is one mile long, and three fourths of a 
mile wide. The principal streets cross each 
other at right angles, and are narrow, and some 
of the streets are very crooked. The houses are 
generally built of stone, two stories high. A fine 
large square opens from the Matanzas into the e. 



part of the place, on the w. side of which stands 
the court house, which contains the public offices. 
On the N. side stands a splendid Roman Catholic 
church. On the s. side is Trinity church, a neat 
Gothic structure. In front of the harbor is a neat 
market place, and the intervals around the square 
are filled up with dwelling houses and orange 
groves. Fort Marion stands at the n. end of the 
town, and completely commands the harbor. 
The city contauis 4 churches — 1 Roman Catholic, 
1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, and 1 3Iethodist — a 
U. S. land office, 20 stores and groceries, various 
mechanic shops, 500 dwellings, and 2,459 inhab- 
itants. In the s. part of the t., fronting the Ma- 
tanzas, are extensive barracks. A regular packet 
runs to Charleston. 

Saint Augustine, p-v., Fulton co., HI., 85 n. 
N. w. Springfield, 831 W. 

Saint Bernard, parish. La. Situated in the 
s. E. part of the state, directly s. E. of New Or- 
leans, and contains 150 square ms. It has Lake 
Borgne on the n. e., and, for some distance he- 
low New Orleans, includes both banks of the 
Mississippi. The Gulf of Mexico bounds it on 
the e. The surface is level, and the soil, where 
not too wet for cultivation, is very fertile, pro- 
ducing sugar, rice, and cotton. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 1,862, sheep 1,154, swine 389 ; 
Ind. com 65,150 bush, produced, potatoes 24,185, 
rice 31,600 pounds, sugar 4,308,000 ; 9 stores, cap. 
•98,300 ; 1 distillery, 2 saw m. Cap. in mannfac. 
$385,000. 1 college, 21 students. Pop. whites 
1,035, slaves 2,137, free col'd 65; total, 3,237. 

Saint Catharines, island. Liberty co., Ga., 
lies between St. Catharine's sound, on the n., 
and Sapels sound, on the s., and is 10 miles long 
and 5 broad. It lies off" the mouth of Nev.'port r. 

Saint Charles, parish. La. Situated in the 
s. e. part of the state, and contains 512 sq. miles. 
The Mississippi r. passes through it, and Lake 
Barataria lies in its s. part. Lake Pontchartrain 
bounds it on the n. e. It has Lake Allemande on 
the w., and Lake Washa on the s. Bayou des 
Allemandes washes its s. e. border. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 3,075, sheep 3,223, swine 
1,000; Indian corn 207,000 bush, produced, oats 
1,500, potatoes 1,500, rice 800,000 pounds, sugar 
10,000,000 ; 2 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $60,000. 
2 sch. 23 scholars. Pop. whites 874, slaves 3,722, 
free cofd 104 ; total, 4,700. 

Saint Charles, county. Mo. Sitn.ated in the 
e. part of the state, and contains 470 square ms. 
The Mississippi r. bounds it on the n. e., and the 
Missouri r. on the s. e. Cuivre r. runs on its n. 
boundary. The surface is various ; the level 
bottoms and prairies are very fertile. Iron ore 
and stone coal are found. Capital, St. Charles. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 947, sheep 4,606, 
swine 19,324 ; wheat 54,144 bush, produced, Ind. 
corn 271,251, barley 5,620, oats 48,705, potatoes 
25,853, tobacco 301,688 pounds; 23 stores, cap. 
$158,100; 1 lumber yard, cap. $2,000 ; 6 tanner- 
ies, 7 distilleries, 1 flouring m., 15 grist m., 7 saw 
m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. 
in manufac. $80,080. 1 college, 104 students, 2 
acad. 57 students, 13 schools 321 scholars. Pop. 
whites 6,286, slaves 1,597, free col'd 28 ; total, 
7,911. 

Saint Charles, p-o., Kane co., 111., 189 n. n. 
e. Springfield, 760 W. 

Saint Charles, p-v., capital of St. Charles co., 
Mo., 20 N. w. St. Louis, 110 e. Jefferson City, 828 
W. It has an elevated and handsome situation, on 
the n. bank of the Missouri r., and is the first eleva- 
ted land on the r. above its mouth. The shore is 
here rocky, and the alluvial land commences at 
the lower end of the town. It has 5 streets par- 



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allel with the r., and is about U mile long. It 
contains a court house, jail, of stone, market 
liouse, of brick, 3 churches — 1 Koman Catliolic, 
1 Methodist, and 1 Presbyterian — a nunnery, 10 
stores, 2 steam mills, 150 dwellings, and 1,457 in- 
habitants. St. Charles College, under the direc- 
tion of tlie Methodists, is located here. It was 
founded in 183J, has a president and 3 professors, 
and about 10 i students.. There is a ferry across 
the Missouri r., and it constitutes the great cross- 
ing place between St. Louis and the n. and w. 
parts of the state. There are in the t. 1 college, 
104 students, 2 acad. 57 students. Pop. 2,S18. 

Saint Ci.air, lake, Mich., is situated between 
Lake Huron and Lake Erie, and is 24 ms. long, 
30 wide, 90 in circumference, and 29 feet deep. 
Its banks are alluvial, elevated 20 feet above the 
water, and have a slightly uneven surface. It 
receives Clinton r., from JMicii., and the Thames 
and others, from Canada. 

Saint Clair, r., or strait, Mich., connects 
Lake Huron with Lake St. Clair, and discharges 
the waters of the great upper lakes, Superior, 
Michigan, and Huron. It flows in a southerly 
direction, and enters Lake St. Clair in its n'. e. 
part, by 6 channels, the n. one of which, on the 
Michigan side, is the only one navigated in as- 
cending and descending the r. It has few isl- 
ands, excepting those formed by its outlets. It 
receives several tributaries from Mich., the prin- 
cipal of which are Black r., Pine r., and Belle r. ; 
but no rivers llow into it on the e. side. It has 
several flourishing villages on its banks. It is 40 
nis. long, half a mile wide, and on an average 5!) 
feet deep, with a current of 3 ms. an hour, and 
an entire descent of about 13 feet. Its waters 
are clear and transparent, the navigation easy, 
and the scenery various and beautiful. 

Saint Clair, county, Ala. Situated toward 
the N. E. part" of the state, and contains 810 sq. 
ms. The Coosa r. flows on its e. and s. e. bor- 
der. Wills cr. bounds it on the n. e. Drained by 
Canoe, Shoal, and Broken Arrow creeks. Cajii- 
tal, Asheville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
7,295, sheep 2,210, swine 1,972; wheat 21,370 
bush, produced, Ind. corn 256,635, oats 21,000, 
potatoes 2,190, cotton 362,2il ; 6 stores, capital 
$31,770; 4 tanneries, II distilleries, 1 flouring in., 
8 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in inanufac. $670. 
19 sell. 3'.)8 scholars. Pop. whites 4,505, slaves 
125, free col'd 8; total, 5,638. 

Saint Clair, county, Mich. Situated in the 
K. part of the state, and contains 93it sq. ms. 
The surface is undulating ; soil, fertile. St. 
Clair strait bounds it on the e. Watered by 
Black, Pine, and Belle rivers. Capital, St. Clair. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 3,101, slieep 
1,075, swine 3,029 ; wheat 10,836 bush, produced, 
Ind. corn 11,443, buckwheat 1,230, oats 12,641, 
potatoes 40,657 ; 16 store.s, cap. $26,500 ; 3 lumber 
yards, cap. $9,000; 6 tanneries, 1 flouring m., 4 
grist m., 15 saw ra., 1 printing office, 1 weekly 
newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $119,000. 13sch. 
228 scholars. Pop. 4,606. 

Saint Clair, county. 111. Situated toward 
the s. w. part of the state, and contains 648 sq. 
ms. The surface is undulating, and some of it 
broken; soil., various, some of it very fertile. 
The iMississippi r. bounds it on the w. Drained 
by Kaskaskia r. and its tributaries, and by Caho- 
kia and Prairie du Pont creeks. Capital, Belle- 
ville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 23,954, 
sheep 9,733, swine 34,255; wheat 146,524 bush, 
produced, rye 1.539, Ind. corn 630,025, barley 
12,367, oats 102,872, potatoes 24,134, tobacco 
976 pounds ; 2 commercial and I commission 
house, cap. $70,500 ; 36 stores, cap. $77,000 ; 1 



woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 3 flouring 
m., II grist m., 14 saw m., 1 oil m., 1 printing 
oflice, 1 weekly new.^paper. Cap. in manufac. 
ijTi 122,750. ] college 125 students, 2 acad. 91 stu- 
dents, 16 sch. 505 scholars. Pop. 13,631. 

Saint Clair, county. Mo. Situated toward 
the s. w. part of the stale, and contains 828 sq. 
ms. Watered by Osage r. and its branches. 
Capital, Osceola. 

Saint Clair, p-t., Bedford cc. Pa., 113 w. 
Harrisburg, 139 W. The surface consists of hills 
and valleys ; soil, clay and loam. It lias 1 store, 
cap. $3,000; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 

1 flouring m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,640. 

2 sch. 73 scholars. Pop. 1,4S8. 

Saint Clair, p-v., Burke co., Ga., 68 e. Mil- 
ledge ville, 619 W. 

Saint Clair, p-t., capital of St. Clair co., 
Mich., 4S N. E. Detroit, 572 W. Bounded e. by 
St. Clair strait. Watered by St. Clair and Pine 
rivers. The soil is fertile, adapted to grain. Tlie 
v. is situated on the s. side of Pine r., at its en- 
trance into St. Clair strait, on the site of old fort 
St. Clair. It contains a court house, jail, and a 
number of stores and dwellings. There are in 
the t. 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $19,500; 2 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 413. 

Saint Clair, t., Butler co., O. Situated on 
the w. side of Great Miami r. It contains the v. 
of Ilossville, on the r., directly opposite to Hamil- 
ton. It has 2 sch. 41 scholars. Pop. 1,174. 

Saint Clair, t., Columbiana co., O., 11 s. e. 
New Lisbon. Watered by Little Beaver r. It 
contains several villages. The Sandy and Bea- 
ver canal passes through it. It has 2 sch. 51 
scholars. Pop. 1,739. 

Saint Clairsville, p-v., capital of Belmont 
CO., O., 116 E. Columbus, 277 W. Situated on 
the national road. The situation is elevated and 
commanding. It contains a brick court house, a 
jail, county offices, 6 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 
1 Episcopal. 1 .Methodist, 2 Friends, 1 Unionist, — 
a market house, a bank, 2S stores, 3 printing offi- 
ces, 209 dwellings, and about 1,599 inhabitants. 

Sa?nt Cle.ments Bay, p-o., St. Marys co., 
Md., 81 s. Annnpolis, 58 W. 

Saint Croi.x, r.. Me., constitutes the boundary 
between the United States and the British Pro- 
vince ol' New Brunswick. It rises in Grand lake, 
and pursues a s. E. course to Passaniaquoddy 
bay. Grand lake is connected with Cheputnete- 
cook lake. The r. leaves the latter lake 54i ms. 
from its mouth, at an elevation of 3i'2i feet above 
tidewater. It has several sets of falls of consid- 
erable height, which afTord great water power. 
It is navigable 12 ms. for large vessels to Calais, 
where it is crossed by a bridge. Immediately 
above the entrance of Schoodic r., 20^ ms. from 
its mouth, it has an elevation of 166 feet above 
tidewater. 

Saint Croix, lake and r.. Wis. The r. rises 
in the dividing ridge between Lake Superior 
and Mississippi r., and flowing southwardly, re- 
ceives many tributaries, and enters St. Croix lake, 
a long and narrow body of water, and passing 
ihrough it, it becomes contracted again to the 
liiiuensions of a r., shortly before it enters the 
Mississippi, some distance" below the Falls of St. 
Anthony. 

Saint Croi.x, county. Wis. Situated s. w. of 
the \v. end of Lake Superior. Bounded w. by 
Mississippi r. Drained by St. Croix r. and its 
branches, Rum r. and St. Francis r. Its territory 
is very extensive, and not much settled. Capital, 
St. Croix. There were in 1810, neat cattle 434, 
sheep 6, swine 187; wheat 74 bush, produced, 
Ind. corn 606, barley 79, oats 258, potatoes 8,014, 



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sugar 17,997 pounds; 7 stores, cap. $118,500; 3 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $74,000. 3 sch. 49 
scholars. Pop. 809. 

S.VINT Croix, v., capital of St. Croix co.. Wis. 
Situated on the w. side, and near the head of St. 
Croix lake. It contains a court house and a few 
dwellings. 

Saintfield, p-o., Muskingum co., O., 66 e. 
Columbus, 339 W. 

Saint Francis, r., Mo. and Ark., rises in St. 
Francis co., Mo., and flowing s., enters Ark., and 
receives White Water r., a large branch whicli 
rises in Mo., and flows nearly parallel to it, and 
enters the. Mississippi in Phillips co. It is navi- 
gable in high water nearly 200 ms. It passes 
through many lakes and swamps, yet its waters 
are remarkably clear, and abound with fine fish. 

Saint Francis, county. Mo. Situated toward 
the s. E. part of the state, and contains 425 sq. 
ms. Tlie surface is hilly ; soil, fertile. Drained 
by St. Francis, Big, and Establishment rivers. 
Iron ore is found. Capital, Farmington. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 3,740, sheep 3,548, swine 
10,721 ; wheat 21,903 bush, produced, Ind. corn 
167,275, oats 31,273, potatoes 441, tobacco 13,410 
pounds ; 1 1 stores, cap. $23,950 ; 5 tanneries, 1 
distillery, 4 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$8,600. 1 1 sch. 286 scholars. Pop. whites 2,694, 
slaves 501, free col'd 16; total, 3,211. 

Saint Francis, county. Ark. Situated in the 
E. part of the state, and contains 1,080 sq. ms. 
St. Francis r. runs on its e. border. Drained by 
Cache and White rivers. Capital, Franklin. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,508, sheep 559, 
swine 8,862 ; wheat 1,438 bush, produced, Ind. 
corn 128,470, oats 3,942, potatoes 13,790, tobacco 
2,502 pounds, cotton 53,338 ; 7 stores, capital 
$24,650 ; 1 flouring m., 6 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $12,000. 3 sch. 70 scholars. Pop. 
whites 2,032, slaves 365, free col'd 2 ; total, 2,499. 

Saint Francis, p-v., St. Francis co.. Ark., 110 
E. by N. Little Rock. 

Saint Francis, t., Phillips co., Ark. It has 3 
sch. 72 scholars. Pop. 983. 

Saint Francisville, p-v., Lawrence co.. 111., 
178 s. E. Springfield, 698 W. 

Saint Francisville, p-v., capital of West 
Feliciana par., La., 136n. w. NewOrleans, 1,170 
W. Situated on the e. bank of the Mississippi, 
on a bluff, 1 m. from the r., and 160 ms. above 
New Orleans. By the Bayou Sarah it commu- 
nicates with the Mississippi, and is a noted stop- 
ping place for descending boats, and great quan- 
tities of corn are shipped from it. A weekly 
newspaper is issued here. It contains a court 
house, 15 stores, and 814 inhabitants. 

Saint Francisville, p-v., Clark co., Mo., 177 
N. Jefferson Chy, 904 W. Situated on the s. w. 
side of Des Moines r. 

Saint Genevieve, county. Mo. Situated in 
the E. toward the s. part of the state, and contains 
400 sq. ms. The Mississippi r. runs on its n. w. 
boundary. The surface is rolling and broken ; 
soil, on the bottoms, very fertile, upland but mod- 
erately so. Drained by Au Vase and Establisii- 
ment rivers, and Cold water cr. Capital, St. 
Genevieve. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
4,329, sheep 1,696, swine 10,591 ; wheat 28,976 
bush, produced, Ind. corn 203,754, oats 18,351, 
potatoes 2,520, tobacco 81,855 pounds, sugar 
1,175; 6 commission houses, cap. $12,000; 14 
stores, cap. $78,550 ; 2 tanneries, 1 flouring m., 
2 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $37,950. 
2 acad. 60 students, 4 sch. 92 scholars. Pop. 
whites 2,563, slaves 548, free col'd 37; total, 
3,148. 
Saint Genevieve, p-v., capital of St. Gene- 



vieve CO., Mo., 61 s. by e. St. Louis, 190 e. s. e. 
Jefferson City, 844 W. Situated on the w. bank 
of the Mississippi, about 1 m. from the r. It is 
built on Gabourie cr., a small stream, which is 
sometimes boatable. It contains a Roman Cath- 
olic church, an academy, some neat French 
houses, and about 1,000 inhabitants. Below the 
V. is a prairie of 6,000 acres of great fertility, 
fenced, and cultivated in common. The inhab- 
itants are chiefly French. The v. has an exten- 
sive trade in lead. There are in the 1. 1 acad. 40 
students. Pop. 1,607. 

Saint George, p-t., Lincoln co.. Me., 48 s. e. 
Augusta, 625 W. Situated on a peninsula formed 
by the Atlantic ocean on the e. and s., and Mus- 
congus bay on the w. It possesses great facili- 
ties for navigation, and has considerable shipping 
employed in the lumber and coasting trade, and 
in the fisheries. Vessels are built here. Incor- 
porated in 1803. It has 10 stores, cap. $4,850 ; 1 
grist m., 17 sch. 904 scholars. Pop. 2,094. 

Saint George, t., Chittenden co., Vt., 8 s. e. 
Burlington, 28 w. by n. Montpelier. It is a small 
t. The surface is uneven ; soil, loam, clay, and 
gravel. Chartered in 1763. First settled in 
1784. It has 1 sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 121. 

Saint George's, p. hundred. New Castle 
CO., Del., 31 N. Dover, 126 W. It has 10 stores, 
cap. $30,800 ; 4 lumber yards, cap. $6,.500 ; 1 
tannery, 3 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$13,750. 3 sch. 92 scholars. Pop. 3,127. 

Saint Helena, par.. La. Situated in the s. e. 
part of the state, and bordering on Miss. It con- 
tains 1,700 sq. ms. Amite r. runs on its w. border. 
Drained by Ticfah r. and its branches. The soil 
is sterile, excepting on the streams, and is gener- 
ally covered with pine timber. Capital, Greens- 
burg. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,.590, 
sheep 1,513, swine 16,300 ; Ind. corn 102,930 bush, 
produced, oats 4,978, potatoes 38,782, rice 35,060 
pounds, cotton 925,176; 11 stores, cap. $14,500 ; 
2 tanneries, 11 grist m., 8 saw in. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $30,650; 1 acad. 37 students, 4 sch. 86 
scholars. Pop. whites 1,945, slaves 1,573, free 
col'd 7 ; total, 3,525. 

Saint Helena, p-v., St. Helena par.. La., 85 
N. New Orleans, 1,157 W. Situated on the w. 
side of Ticfah r. 

Saint Inigoes, p-v., St. Mary's co., Md., 105 
s. Annapolis, 82 W. Situated on a small r. of the 
same name, which enters St. Mary's r., a short 
distance from the Potomac. 

Saint James, par.. La. Situated in the s. e. 
part of the state, a little west of New Orleans, 
and contains 250 sq. ms. Amite r. bounds it on 
the N. and the Mississippi on the s. It contains 
Jefferson College, at Bringiers. Capital, Brin- 
giers. 'ITiere were in 1840, neat cattle 4,762, 
sheep 5,107, swine 3,290; Ind. corn 155,790 
bush, produced, cotton 1,032,950 pounds, sugar 
15,157,000; 14 stores, cap. $155,000; 2 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $246,000. 2 colleges, 505 stu- 
dents, 3 sch. 48 scholars. Pop. whites 2,762, 
slaves 5,711, free col'd 75 ; total, 8,543. 

Saint James, p-o., Baltimore co., Md., 62 n. 
Annapolis, 72 W. 

Saint James' CHuncH, p-o., Bedford co., Va., 
136 w. Richmond, 211 W. 

Saint John Baptist, par.. La. Situated in 
the s. e. part of the state, a little w. of New Or- 
leans, and contains 260 sq. ms. The Mississippi 
r. passes through it, and Lake Pontchartrain lies 
on its n. e. border. The only land capable of 
cultivation is on the margin of the streams, and 
is very fertile. It produces cotton and sugar. 
Capital, Bonnet Carre. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 2,620, sheep 2,000, swine 950 ; Ind. com 



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208,830 biish. produced, rice 112,000 pounds, 
sugar 1 1,000,000 ; 2 saw m. Cap. in raanuiac. 
$37,000. 8 sch. 81 scholars. Pop. vviiites 2,141. 
free col'd VM ; total, 5,776. 

Saint Johns, r., Me., rises by several branches 
in Somerset co. Its head waters approach near 
to those of the Cliaudiere, in Canada, and the Pe- 
iiobsi'ot, in 3Ie., and by a broad sweep it passes 
tiirough the n. part of Maine, and below the 
entrance of St. Francis r. it forms the n. boundary 
of Maine until it crosses tlie United States boun- 
dary uito New Brunswick, in about lat. 47'^ n., 
where it pursues a s. and s. e. course until it 
enters tiie Bay of Fundy. Tiie Aroostook, a 
large tributary, rises in the n. part of Penobscot 
CO., and crossing Aroostook co. enters it in New 
Brunswick. The St. Johns is navigable for 
sloops of 50 tons 80 ras. from its moulh ; and, 
■with the exception of 2 siiort porlaires, nearly to 
its source, a distance of 350 ms. The free navi- 
gation of this r., secured by the late treaty with 
Great Britain, will be of great importance to the 
N. part of Maine. 

Saint Johns, r., Flor., This r., or sound, ri.ses 
in an immense marsh, elevated but little above 
the level of the ocean, and flows northwardly 
nearly parallel with the ocean, until it turns sud- 
denly to the E. and Hows into the Atlantic. It 
receives in the upper part of its course the Ock- 
lawaha, a large branch, previous to which it 
passes through Lake George. Its whole course 
is about 250 ms. It often spreads from 3 to 5 ms. 
in width, though in other places it is not more than 
one-lburth of a mile wide. Vessels requiring 8 
feet water enter Lake George and Dunns Lake, 
150 ms. from its mouth. At its entrance, it has 
12 feet of water on the bar, and it is here only 1 
mile wide. There is a light-house on the s. side 
of tlie r. at its entrance. 

Saint Johns, county, Flor. Situated in the e. 
part of the peninsula, and contains 1,450 sq. ms. 
Watered by St. John's and North rivers, and Ma- 
(anzas sound. It produces cotton, Indian corn, 
and sugar cane ; and of fruits, oranges, citrons, 
and lemons. It has much fertile land, and some 
incapable of cultivation. Live oak is extensively 
found on St. Johns r. In the neighborhood of St. 
Augustine the land has long been tilled. Capital, 
St. Augustine. There were in 1840, neat cattle, 
647, swine 534; Ind. corn 3,175 bush, produced, 
potatoes 1,126, sugar 25,000 pounds ; 45 stores, 
cap. $^1,700; 2 printing offices, 2 weekly news- 
papers. Cap. in manufac. $3,850. 3 acad. 113 
students, 4 sch. 77 scholars. Pop. whites 1,635, 
slaves 883, free col'd 121 ; total, 2,694. 

Saint Johns, p-o., Allen coimty, O., 95 N. w. 
Columbus, 480 W. 

Saint Johns, p-o., Hertford co., N. C, 162 e. 
by N. Raleigh, 29 IW. 

Saint Johnsburv, p-t., Caledonia co., Vt., 7 e. 
Danville, 37 n. e. Montpelier, 516 W. The sur- 
face is uneven ; soil, strong and fertile, particu- 
larly on the r. Watered by Pasumpsic r. and 
its tributaries, which alFord good water power. 
Chartered in 1786. First settled in 1788. It has 
a pleasant v., 2i miles s. of the centre, contain- 
ing several stores, and some fine dwellings. At 
the centre is a Congregational church. There 
are in the t. 6 stores, cap. $29,500 ; 3 fulling m., 
1 furnace, 3 tanneries, 2 potteries, 1 printing of- 
fice, 1 weekly newspaper, 5 grist m., 7 saw m., 
1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $92,700. 1 acad. 25 
students, 15 sch. 602 scholars. Pop. 1,887. 

Saint Johnsbury Centre, p-o., St. Johns- 
bury t., Caledonia co., Vt., 40 n. e. Montpelier, 
349 W. 

Saint Johnsbury East, p-o., St. Johnsbury 



t., Caledonia co., Vt., 41 n. e. Montpelier, 550 
W. 

Saint Johnstown, p-v., Sussex co., Del., 34 
s. Dover, 119 W. 

Saint Johnsville, p-t., Montgomery co., N. 
Y., 61 N. w. Albany, 394 W. The surface is un- 
dulating or hilly; soil, fertile. Drained by East 
Canada and Zimmerman's creeks flowing into 
the Mohawk r., which bounds it on the s. The 
v. is situated on the n. side of Mohawk river., 
and contains 1 church, 2 stores, 2 grist ni., 2 saw 
m., 1 tannery, 1 sash fac, 1 forge and furnace, 1 
carding machine, 1 fulling m., 35 dwellings, and 
about 250 inhabitants. There are in the t. 3 
stores, cap. $9,000; 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 1 grist 
m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $20,000. 4 sch. 
113 scholars. Pop. 1,923. 

Saint Jo.sepii's, bay, Flor., lies within Cape 
St. Bias, a long and crooked peninsula. The 
bay is 20 miles long, and from 7 to 8 wide, with a 
broad entrance from the n. w., near Cape False, 
affording 17 leet of water on the bar. A middle 
ground occupies mmh of the space between 
Cape False and the peninsula, having from 9 to 
11 feet of water. There is a channel on the s. 
E. side of the entrance close to the peninsula, 
nearly equal in depth to the n. w. passage. The 
water becomes more shoal 4 miles from the s. E. 
end of the buy. There is a picturesque island, 
2 miles from the s. e. end, covered with live 
oak, cedar, and palms. The n. e. shore is inter- 
tersected by ponds and lagoons. 

Saint Joseph's, r. of the Maumee, Mich., 
rises, by several branches, in the central part of 
Hillsdale co., and flows a southwesterly course, 
across a corner of Ohio into Indiana, and joins the 
St. Mary's at Fort Wayne, forming Maumee r. 
It affords much water power. 

Saint Joseth's, r. of Lake Michigan, rises in 
the N. E. part of Hillsdale co., and flows e., and 
after a broad southerly bend, in which it enters 
la., it proceeds n. w. until it enters Lake Michi- 
gan. In length and volume of water it is the 
second river in the Peninsula, being 250 miles 
long, but in a direct line not more than 150 miles. 
It is navigable for keel boats 130 ms., to Lock- 
port. At its mouth is a good harbor, and, by a 
pier, is sufl^cient for any number of vessels re- 
quired by the lake navigation. There is a sand 
bar at its mouth, which has 6 feet of water. It 
receives many tributaries, and affords much wa- 
ter power. Its intervals are very fertile, and, in 
some places, heavily timbered. 

Saint Josi:ph's, island, Mich. Situated in 
the straits of St. Mary, between George's island 
on the N. w. and Drummond's island on the s. 
E. It is 20 ms. long and 8 broad, at its medial 
breadth, dividing tlie passage into two parts. 
The s. w. passage is called Muddy lake, and the 
United States boundary passes through it. On 
its s. extremity are the remains of an old British 
fort. 

Saint Joseph's, county, Mich. Situated in 
the s. part of the state, and contains 528 sq. ms. 
Organized in 1829. Drained by St. Joseph's r. 
and its branches, Prairie, Portage, Rocky, and 
Pigeon rivers. The surface is undulating ; soil, 
very fertile. Capital, Centreville. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 7,865, sheep 3,986, swine 
13,864; wheat 131,451 bushels produced, rye 
2,438, Indian corn 148,944, buckwheat 2,927, bar- 
ley 11,323, oats 112,125, potatoes 66,386, sugar 
20,250 pounds ; 2 fulling m., I tannery, 2 distil- 
leries, 7 flouring m., 1 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$30,100. 37 sch. 819 scholars. Pop. 7,068. 

Saint Joseph's, county, la. Situated in the 
N. part of the state, bordering on Mich., and con- 



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588 



SAI 



tains 463 sq. ms. Watered by St. Joseph's r. and 
Kankakee r., which, with other streams, aflbrd 
water power. The surface is level, with many 
fine prairies and Limber land in the s. The soil 
is fertile. Capital, Soutli Bend. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 6,551, fheep 3,668, swine 11,28'J; 
wlieat 102,620 bushels produced, Indian corn 
11)7,433, buckwheat 1,92;), oats 133,617, potatoes 
40,867, tobacco 1,412 pounds, sugar 72,018; 1 
commission house, cap. §2,500 ; 20 stores, cap. 
$-i6,425 ; 5 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 1 pottery, 2 
flouring m., 2 gri.st m., 14 saw ni., 1 printing of- 
fice, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. 
$128,507. 1 acad. 33 students, 22 sch. 920 schol- 
ars. Pop. 6,425. 

Sai.\t Joseph, p t., Williams co., O., 130 n. w. 
Columbus, 524 W. It has 1 store, cap. $200; 

1 saw m. Cap. in manul'ac. $500. 3 sch. 59 
scholars. Pop. 192. 

Sai.nt Joseph, p-t., Berrien co., Mich., 195 w. 
by s. Detroit, 652 W. Watered by 8t. Joseph 
and Pawpaw rivers, which unite in the t. Lake 
Michigan bounds it on tlie w. It contains St. 
Joseph v., capital of the co., situated on the s. 
side of 8t. Joseph r., at its entrance into the lake. 
It contains a court house, jail, an Episcopal 
church, 12 stores, 4 large forwarding and com- 
mission houses, a bank, 2 steam saw m., a print- 
ing oflice issuing a weekly newspaper, and about 
500 inhabitants. It is one of the most important 
places on the w. side of the peninsula ; ,$35,000 
nave been appropriated for the improvement of 
the harbor ; it has 2,000 feet of wharf, and 6h feet 
of water. Three steamboats are owned here. 
A bridge across the St. Joseph river here, cost 
$15,OL)0. There are in the t. 2 commission 
houses, cap. ,$16,000; 4 store,?, cap. $7,900; 2 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,653. 2 sch. 43 
scholars. Pop. 48'J. 

Sai.nt L.\ndre, par.. La. Situated toward the 
s. w. part of the state, and contains 2,000 sq. ms. 
The surface and tlie soil are various. The Atcha- 
falaya Bayou bounds it on tlie e., and Bayou Nez 
Pique on the w. Drained by Teche and V^ermil- 
ion rivers. Capital, Ojielousas. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 69,267, sheep 10,226, swine 
20,841 ; Ind. corn 431,208 bush, produced, pota- 
toes 74,5'^3, rice 5,000 poiuids, tobacco 3,500, cot- 
ton 21,437,190, sugar 400,OjO; 37 stores, cap. 
$512,900; 4 tanneries, 3 llouring m., 100 grist m., 
8 saw m., 2 printing oflices, 2 weekly newspapers. 
Cap. in manufac. $78,100, 1 college, 9 students, 

2 acad. 120 students, 7 sch. 85 scholars. Pop. 
whites 7,179, slaves 7,129, free col'd 925 ; total, 
15,233. 

S.M.NT L.vNDRE, V. (See Opelousas.) 
Saint Lawre.nce, r., U. S. and Canada, forms 
the outlets of the great lakes Superior, Huron, 
Michigan, Erie and Ontario, and after a course 
of more than 2,000 miles, flows into the Gulf of 
St. Lawrence. It forms the boundary, with the 
middle of the lakes through which it passes, be- 
tween the United States and Canada, until it 
arrives at about the 45th degree of i\. lat., though 
by the late treaty the boundary follows the old 
line as formerly settled, which is 1 mile n. of the 
45th degree. It has ditTerent names in different 
parts of its course. From its mouth to Lake On- 
tario it is called the St. Lawrence ; between 
Lakes Ontario and Erie, Niagara r. ; between 
Lakes Erie and St. Clair, Detroit r. ; between 
Lakes St. Clair and Huron, St. Clair r. ; and be- 
tween Lakes Huron and Superior, St. Marys r. 
It is navigable for ships of the line 400 miles, to 
Quebec ; and for ships of 600 tons to Montreal. 
The distance from Montreal to Lake Ontario is 
nearly 200 mileis. From Quebec to Montreal, it 



has an average breadth of 2 miles. At its mouth, 
the Gulf, ii-om Cape Rosier to 3Iingau settlement, 
in Labrador, is 105 miles in length. 

Sai.nt Lawrence, county, N. Y. Situated 
toward the n. e. part of the state, and contain.s 
2,717 sq. ins. The surface is diversified by gentle 
swells, broad valleys and extended tracts of level 
country. In the s. e. part it is hilly and mountain- 
ous. The soil is generally productive. The St. 
Lawrence r. runs on its n. w. border for a dis- 
tance of 75 miles. Watered by St. Kegis, Racket, 
Grass, Oswegatchie, and Indian rivers, and their 
tributaries. Some of these are to .some extent 
navigable, and they afford much water power. 
Black lake is an expansion of Indian r., 20 miles 
long and 2 wide. There are other small lakes. 
In the town of Canton, a natural canal, 6 miles 
long and from 30 to 80 yards wide, connects Os- 
wegatchie and Grass rivers, and is boatable. The 
St. Lawrence is navigated by sloops and steam- 
boats Irom Lake Ontario, 60 miles, to Ogdens- 
burgh. Lead ore is extensively tound in the 
vicinity of Rossie v. Iron ore is extensively 
found — some of it magnetic. 3Iarble is abundant. 
A railroad has been projected, from Ogdens- 
burgh to Plattsburgh. Capital, Canton. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle, 61,455, sheep 125,821, 
swine 41,889 ; wheat 278,t)07 bush, produced, rye 
23,571, Ind. corn 201,821, buckwheat 34,312, 
barley 24,018, oats 334,009, potatoes 1,412,272, 
sugar 84S,132 pounds ; 2 commission houses, cap. 
$3,000, 155 stores, cap. $558,000 ; 16 furnaces, 6 
forges, 28 fulling m., 4 woollen fac, 27 tanneries, 
1 distillery, 2 potteries, 2 flouring m., 45 grist m., 
103 saw m., 1 paper (ac, 2 printing offices, 2 
weekly newspapers. Cap. in manulac. $815,526. 
4 a.nad. 761 students, 357 sch. 13,539 scholars. 
Pop. 56,706. 

Sai.nt Lawrence, p-c, Chatham co., N. C, 
46 w. Raleigh, 334 W. 

Sai.nt Leonards, p-v., Calvert co., Md., 56 s. 
Annapolis, 86 W. Situated between Chesa- 
peake bay and Patuxent r. It contains about 25 
dwellings. 

Saint Louis, r., N. W. Ter., after a course of 
about 200 miles, flows into Fond du Lac, the w. 
end of Lake Superior. It is much obstructed by 
falls and rapids. 

Saint Louis, county. Mo. Situated in the e 
part of the state, and contains 550 sq. ms. The 
Mississippi r. runs on its e. boundary, and the 
Missouri r. on the n. w. The surface is undula- 
ting ; soil, generally very fertile. Maramec r. 
runs partly on its .s. border and partly within it. 
Capital, St. Louis. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 22,877, sheep 8,730, swine 21,441 ; wheat 
59,177 bush, produced, rye 6,138, Ind. corn 
477,879, buckwheat 1,908, oats 95,306, potatoes 
90,98-i, tobacco 197,045 pounds ; 1 commercial, 
and 24 commis.sion houses, cap. $717,000 ; 214 
stores, cap. $3,875,050 ; 17 lumber yards, cap. 
,$287,529; 6 tanneries, 4 distilleries, 2 flouring m., 
14 grist m., 13 sawm., 1 oil m., 22 prhiting olHces, 
6 daily, 7 weekly, and 5 semi-weekly newspa- 
pers. Cap. in manufac. $813,700. 2 colleges, 
252 students, 14 acad. 662 students, 28 sch. 1,056 
scholars. Pop. whites 30,505, slaves 4,616, free 
col'd 858; total, 35,979. 

Saint Louis, city, and capital of St. Louis co., 
Missouri, is the largest place in the state, and is 
situa'ed on the w. bank of the Mississippi, 18 ms. 
by water below the junction of the Missouri. It 
is in 38'= 36' n. lat., and 89° 56' w. Ion. from 
Greenwich, and 13° 14' w. Ion. from W.; 30 ms. 
below the junction of the Illinois ; 200 above 
that of the Ohio ; 1,132 miles, by the course of 
the river, above IVew Orleans j 1,100 below the 



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Falls of Si. Aiuliony; UO e. JeiFerson Cily ; 808 
from Washington. The population in 1810 was 
],600; in 1820, 4,598; in 1830, 6,694; in 1840. 
16,469, of whom 1,031 were slave.s. Employed 
in commerce, 81.5 ; in manufactures and trades, 
2,01-2; navigating rivers, &c., 891 ; in the learned 
professions, &c., 188. 

The situation of the city is pleasant and 
healthy. The ground rises gradually from the 
first to the .second bank of the river ; and on the 
second bank, which is about 40 leet higher than 
the first, the city is chiefly built. It presents a 
beautiful appearance as seen from the opposite 
side of the river, or as it is approached on the 
river. At the distance of about half a mile from 
the river, the ground attains its highest elevation, 
and .spreads out in a plain to the west. There 
are five principal streets running parallel with 
the river, which are crossed by many others, at 
right angles. Two streets along the river are 
narrow, but those which have been more re- 
cently laid out, on the second bank, are regular 
and spacious, and present many commanding 
situations. The compact part of the city extends 
about a mile and a half along the river ; but there 
are suburbs on the n. and s. making the whole 
extent five miles. It contains many neat, and 
some elegant buildings. The more recent houses 
have been built of brick, made of an excellent 
quality in the immediate vicinity ; some are of 
stone, quarried on the spot, and generally white- 
washed. Many of the houses have spacious and 
beautiful gardens attached to them. 

Front-street is open on the side toward the 
water, and on the other side is a range of ware- 
houses four stories high, built of limestone, which 
have a very commanding appearance, and are 
the seat of a heavy business. In First-street, 
the wholesale and retail drygoods stores are 
located ; and in the streets back of this are the 
artisans and tradesmen. 

The city is watered from the Mississippi. The 
water is raised by steam power to a reservoir 
situated on an elevated ancient mound, whence 
it is distributed in iron pipes through the city. 
A company is also Ibrmed lor lighting the city 
with gas. The country around St. Louis, and w. 
for 15 miles, is a very fertile prairie. 

The city is admirably situated for commerce, 
and already surpasses in its trade every other 
place N. of New Orleans. The Mississippi and 
the Illinois to the n. ; the Ohio and its tributaries 
to the s. E. ; and tiie Missouri to the w., give it a 
ready access to a vast extent of country ; and to 
the s. the Mississippi furnishes an outlet to the 
ocean for its accumulated productions. It is the 
principal western depot of the American Fur 
Company, who have a large establishment in the 
place, and nearly 1,000 men in tiieir employ. A 
vast amount of furs of every description is here 
collected ; and 10,000 dried buffalo tongues have 
been brought in in a single year. Numerous 
steamboats ply from this place in various direc- 
tions. The steamboat arrivals, in a single year, 
have amounted to over 800, with a tonnage of 
over 100,000. The total tonnage of this port in 
1840 was 11,259. 

Among the public buildings, the City Hall, a 
splendid building of brick, several of the churches, 
and particularly the Roman Catholic Cathedral, 
deserve notice. The Cathedral is 136 feet long, 
84 feet wide, and the walls are 40 feet high. The 
front of the edifice is 53 feet high, above which 
the tower of the steeple rises 20 ieet square to 
the height of 40 feet. This is surmounted by an 
octagon spire covered with tin, crowned with a 
brass gilt ball 5 feet in diameter, surmounted by 



a cross of gilt brass 10 feet high. In the steeple 
is a peal of 6 bells, the three largest of which 
weigh from 1,600 lo 2.600 pounds each. The 
front of the building is of polished freestone, 
with a portico of 4 massive f)oric columns. There 
is also a U. S. laud office, a Tlieatre, and a Con- 
cert Hall. 

There are several literary and benevolent in- 
stitutions in the city. The St. Louis University 
is under the direction of the Catholics, and has 
15 instructors, 60 students, and 7,900 volumes in 
its libraries. It has a spacious building in the 
city, and is amply endowed. The commence- 
ment is on the 31st of July. Kemper College is 
under the direction of the Episcopalians, and is 
beautifully situated 4 miles from the city, with 
extensive grounils around it. Its medical depart- 
ment is within the cily, and has a spacious build- 
ing capable of accoitunodating 400 students, a 
hall for lectures, chemical laboratory, &c. The 
Western Academy of Sciences has an extensive 
museum of natural history and mineralogy, &c. 
There is also a Museum, containing Indian anti- 
quities, fossil remains, and other curiosities. 

The Convent of the Sacred Heart is an institu- 
tion of nuns, for conducting female education. 
The Protestant ladies conduct an Orphan Asy- 
lum ; and there is a Catholic Orphan Asylum 
conducted by the Sisters of Charity. 

There are 14 churches in the city — 2 Episcopal, 
2 Methodist, 2 Presbyterian, 2 Roman Catholic, 
1 Associate Reformed Presbyterian, 1 German 
Lutheran, 1 Baptist, 1 Unitarian, 1 African Meth- 
odist, and 1 African Baptist. 

The city has a bank and 2 insurance compa- 
nies. In the southern limits of the city is a U. 
S. arsenal, and 14 miles distant from it are the 
U. S. JefTerson Barracks, capable of accommoda- 
ting 600 or 700 men. 

There were in 1840, I foreign commercial and 
24 commissicm houses, with a cap. of §717,000 ; 
214 retail stores, with a cap. of §3.875,050 ; 17 
lumber yards, with a cap. of §287,529 ; 40 per- 
sons employed in internal transportation, to- 
gether with 37 butchers and packers, employed 
a cap. of $141,5)0 ; furs, skins, &c., valued at 
$306,300; machinery $169,807; 2 tanneries, cap. 
$54,500; I distillery, and G breweries, capital 
$48,800; 1 ropewalk, cap. $10,000; 2 flouring 
m., 1 grist m., 6 saw m., 1 oil m., cap. $106,500; 
22 printing offices, 6 daily, 7 weekly, and 5 semi- 
weekly newspapers, employed a cap. $49,650; 
210 brick and stone, and 130 wooden houses, cost 
$761,980. Total cap. in manufac. $674,250. 10 
acad. 577 students, 7 sch. 713 scholars. 

This place was foundtnl in 1761, by the French 
from Canada, as a trading post with the Indians ; 
but during the French and Spanish possession of 
it, it remained an inconsiderable village. 

Saint Louisville, p-o.. Licking co., O. 

Sai.nt Marie, p-v., Jasper co., III., 139 s. e. 
Springfield, 716 W. 

Saint Marks, r., Flor., a small r. which unites 
with Wakully r. at St. Marks, to fortu Appala- 
chee r. It rises in a small pond 19 m. n. e. from 
its junction with the Wakully. Boats requiring 
4 feet water ascend it to its source. 

Saint Marks, pv., and port of entry, Leon 
CO., Flor., 20 s. Tallahassee, 8 16 W. It is situated 
on St. Marks r., near the junction of Wakidly 
r., which form Appalachee r., and constitutes the 
port of Tallahassee, with which it is connected 
by a railroad. It promises to be a place of con- 
siderable business. Below St. Marks the navi- 
gation is very crooked and impeded by oyster 
bars. Congress, in 1829, appropriated a sum of 
money to improve the navigation. There is a 



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SAT 



light-liouse at the entrance of Ihe r. St. Marks 
is 6 miles above the entrance of the r., which has 
8 feet of water to this place. 

Saint M.\rtin.s, r., Md., cro.«ses the n. e. part 
of Worcester co. and enters Sincpuxent bay, in 
the Atlantic, opposite to Fenwick's island. 

S.iiiNT Marti.n's, parish, La. Situated toward 
the s. part of the .'•late, and contains 850 sq. ms. 
The Atchafalaya bayou runs on its n. e. border. 
Watered by Teche r. In its s. e. part it is liable to 
submersion. It contains Chelimaches lake and 
Grand island in its .s. e. part. It has some prairie 
and some arable soil on the banks of the streams, 
•which is very fertile. It produces cotton, Indian 
corn, rice and indigo, and peaches and figs. Cat- 
tle are raised. Capital, St. Martinsville. There 
■were in 1840, neat cattle 26,'J30, sheep 5,054, 
swine 7,297; Ind. corn, 96,939 bush, produced, 
cotton 1,783,283 pounds, sugar 2,474,700; 39 
stores, cap. $294,100; 2 lumber yards, cap. 
$18,500; 2 tanneries, 1 printing oflice. Cap. in 
mannfac. $126,000. 1 acad. 26 students, 6 sch. 
110 scholars. Pop. whites 3,549, slaves 4,641, 
free col'd 484 ; total, 8,674. 

Saint Martin's, p-v., Worcester co., Md., 131 
s. e. Annapolis, 171 W. 

Saint Martinsville, p-v., St. 3Iartin's par.. 
La., 178 w. New Orleans, 1,281 W. Situated on 
the \v. side of Teche r. It is built chiefly on one 
street, on the elevated bank of the r. It contains 
a court house, a jail, a Roman Catholic church, 
and IS surrounded by a settlement of opulent 
planters. Pop. about 400. 

Saint Mathew's, p-o, Orangeburg dist., S. C. 

Saint Mary's, r., Ga. and Flor., rises in a 
swamp in the s. part of Ware co., Ga., and flow- 
ing s. for some distance, it suddenly turns n., and 
after a considerable distance, it takes an easterly 
course, until it falls into the Atlantic. Its length 
is 105 ms. It has a depth of water, on the bar at 
its mouth, of 13i feet at low tide, and \9i feet at 
ordinary high tide. It forms the only good harbor 
from the boundary of Ga. to Florida point. It is 
susceptible of defence. This r. was formerly the 
boundary of the United States. 

Saint Mary's, r., O. and la., rises in Mercer 
CO., O., and flows n. w., and unites with St. Jo- 
seph's r., at Fort Wayne, to form Maumee r. 

Saint Mary'.s, strait, Mich., forms the outlet 
of Lake Superior, and connects it with Lake Hu- 
ron. It leaves Lake Superior in its s. e. part, and 
pursues a s. E. course for 60 m., and enters Lake 
Huron by three passages — the e., middle, and vv. 
straits. It has four large islands. Sugar, Sailors' 
Encampment, Lime Kiln, St. Joseph's islands, 
and Drummond island, at its mouth, besides some 
smaller ones. The usual ship channel is uj) the 
w. strait, and the navigation is diflicult, and re- 
quires an experienced pilot. Its general width 
is three fourths of a mile, and the current li m. 
an hour. It is navigable above and below the 
rapids, which are 15 ms. from Lake Superior, for 
large vessels. The rapids are three fourths of a 
m. long, and have a fall of 22 feet 10 inches. The 
entire fall of the r., from Lake Superior to its 
mouth, is 44 feet 8 inches. A ship canal has been 
in contemplation around the falls. Large quan- 
tities of wiiitefish, trout, and other fish are taken 
in this r., and extensively exported. 

Saint Mary's, county, Md. Situated in the 
s. w. part of the state, between the Potomac and 
Patuxent rivers, and contains 200 sq. ms. Several 
short rivers, with broad estuaries, flow into the 
Potomac r. The largest of these is the Wicomico 
r., which forms its western boundary for some dis- 
tance. Capital, Leonardtown. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 10,073, sheep 11,390, swine 17,320; 



wheat 08,372 bush, produced, rye 1,568, Ind. com 
255,955, buckwheat 83, oats 6], 862, potatoes 
1 1,723 ; tobacco 2,872,052 pounds ; 30 stores, cap. 
$59,650; 1 cotton fac. 224 sp., 4 flouring m., 24 
grist m. ; 1 printing oflice, 1 weekly newspaper. 
Cap. in manufac. $19,000. 4 acad. 54 students, 

12 sch. 351 scholars. Pop. whites 6,070, slaves 
5,76!, free col'd 1,393; total, 13,224. 

Saint Mary's, parish. La. Situated in the s. 
part of the state, and contains 870 sq. ms. The 
surface is level, and the soil fertile, where it is 
not too wet for cultivation. Watered by Teche r. 
Chetimaches lake lies on its n. e. border. Capi- 
tal, Franklin. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
16,306, sheep 8,211, swine 6,403; Ind. corn 
153,410 bush, produced, potatoes 20,017, rice 
4,741 pounds, cotton 1,436.000, sugar 13,291,000; 

13 stores, cap. $112,600; 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 
2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $55,600. 8 sch. 110 
scholars. Pop. whites 2,366, slaves 6,2S6, free 
col'd 298 ; total, 8,950. 

Saint Mary's, p o., Chester co., Pa., 64 s. E. 
Harrisburg, 139 W. 

Saint Mary's, p-v., Mercer co., O., 105 w. n. w. 
Columbus, 498 W. Situated on the e. bank of 
St. Mary's r., at the head of boat navigation on 
the r. It contains 2 stores, 1 tannery, 1 printing 
oflice, issuing a weekly newspaper, 35 dwellings, 
and about 200 inhabitants. It was formerly the 
capital of the co. 

Saint Mary's, p-v., and port of entry, Camden 
CO., Ga., 293 .s. s. e. Milledgeville, 802 W. Situ- 
ated on St. Mary's r., 7 ms. from its mouth. It 
has a safe harbor, and vessels requiring 21 feet 
of water come to . its wharves. It contains a 
Presbyterian church, an academy, several stores, 
80 dwellings, and about 600 inhabitants. Ton- 
nage, 1840, 2,754. 

Saint 3Iary's, p-o., Jefferson co., Ark. 

Saint 3Iarv's, p-o., Hancock co.. 111., 95 w. N. 
w. Springfield, 873 W. 

Saint Mary's Landing, p-v., St. Genevieve 
CO., Mo., 202 e. s. e. Jeflferson City, 856 W. Sit- 
uated on the w. bank of the Mississippi r. 

Saint Michaels, r., Talbot co., Md., flows 10 
ms. s., and approaches Tread Haven bay, and 
then turns to the N. w., and after a course of 
about 6 ms. enters Chesapeake bay by a broad 
estuary, opposite the s. part of Kent island. 

Saint Michaels, p-v., Talbot co., Md., 57 e. 
Annapolis, 97 W. Situated on the w. side of St. 
Michael's r. i 

Saint Omer, p-v., Decatur co., la., 37 s. e. 
Indianapolis, 560 W. Situated on the n. side of 
Flat Rock cr., which affords water power. It 
contains about 150 inhabitants. 

Saint Paris, p-v., Johnston t.. Champaign co., 
O., 57 w. by N. Columbus, 451 W. 

Saint Patricks, p-o., Wasliington co., Ark., 
161 N w. Little Rock, 1,200 W. 

Saint Paul, p-o., Madison co.. Ark., 151 n. w. 
Little Rock, 1,207 W. 

Saint Paul's, p-o., Robeson co., N. C, 75 s. s. 
w. Raleigh, 363 W. 

Saint Peter's, p-o., St. Charles co.. Mo., 103 
E. Jefferson City, 836 W. 

Saint Stephens, p-v., Wasliington co., Ala,, 
149 s. by w. Tuscaloosa, 961 W. Situated on 
the w. bank of Tomkigbee r., 120 ms. above Mo- 
bile, at the head of schooner navigation. It has 
a considerable number of houses, built chiefly ot 
stone, but wears the aspect of decay. It con- 
tains a U. S. land office, several stores, and 
about 150 inhabitants. 

Saint Tammany, parish. La. Situated in the 
E. part of the state, and contains 972 sq. ms. 
Lake Pontchartraiii bounds it on the s. Watered 



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by Cliifuncte r. Pearl r. runs on its e. border, 
and Tangipola r. on its w. border. The surface 
is uneven ; soil, sterile, extensively covered wiili 
pine. Capital, Covington. I'here were in 1840, 
neat cattle '2,5,000, sheep 1,250, swine 18,500 ; 
Ind. corn 12,150 bush, prod., oats 4,000, potatoes 
18,350, rice 937,250 pounds, cotton 1K),000, sugar 
360,000 ; 25 stores, cap. $225,000 ; 18 grist m., 21 
saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weeldy newspaper. 
Cap. in manufac. §2,18^,879. 2acad. 56 students, 

1 sch. 15 scholars. Pop. whiles 2,353, slaves 
1,940, free col'd 305 ; total 4,598. 

Saint T,\mmanv, p-o., Mecklenburg cc, Va., 
97 s. w. Richmond, 213 W. 

Saint Thomas, p-t., Franklin co., Pa., 7 w. by 
s. Chambersburg, 53 s. w. Harrisburg, 98 W. 
The surface is rolling ; soil, slate with some cal- 
careous loam. Drained by Back cr. and its trib- 
utaries. The V. contains 2 churches, commoii to 
several denominations, 3 stores, 100 dwellings, 
and about 600 inhabitants. There are in the t. 
4 stores, cap. $12,000 ; 1 woollen fac, 1 furnace, 

2 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 5 grist m., 7 saw m., 1 
oil m. Cap. in manufac. $23,650. 11 sch. 364 
scholars. Pop. 1,725. 

Salem, county, N. J. Situated in the s. w. 
part of the state, and contains 320 sq. ms. Or- 
ganized in 1763. Bounded s. w. and n. w. by 
Delaware bay and river. The surface is level ; 
soil, in the n. and w. parts, clay and loam mixed 
•with sand, and fertile. In the s. e. part, the soil 
is sandy and gravelly, and less fertile. It has 
extensive beds of marl. Watered by Oldman's, 
Salem, Alloway'.s, and Stow creeks. Capital, 
Salem. There were in 1840, neat cattle 11.277, 
sheep 16,486, swine 26,339; wheat 94,484 bush, 
produced, rye 36,925, Ind. corn 371,984, buck- 
wheat 30,529, barley 471, oats 306,691, potatoes 
70,644; 48 stores, cap. $103,410; 3 woollen fac, 

4 tanneries, 1 pottery, 17 grist m., 12 saw ra., 1 
printing ottice, 2 weekly new.spapers. Cap. in 
manufac. $194,398. 2 acad. 71 students, 43 sch. 
14,155 scholars. Pop. 16,024. 

Salem, p-t., Franklin co.. Me., 52 n. n. w. Au- 
gusta, 642 W. Watered by a branch of Seven 
Mile brook. The soil is fertile, adapted to grain. 
Incorporated in 1823. It has 1 store, cap. $600 ; 
1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,400. 

5 sell. 256 scholars. Pop. 561. 

Salem, p-t., Rockingham co., N. H., 37 s. s. e. 
Concord, 453 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, 
generally fertile. It has a pond in the w., and 
another in the s. E. part. Watered by Spiggot r. 
and its branches, which afford water power. It 
has 4 stores, cap. $6,700 ; 2 fulling m., 2 woollen 
fac, 5 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$32,800. 10 sch. 467 scholars. Pop. 1,403. 

Salem, p-t., Orleans co., Vt., 62 n. x\. e. Mont- 
peUer, 578 W. The surface is level; soil, fer- 
tile. South bay of Lake Mcmphrcmagog lies on 
its N. w. border. Watered by Clyde r., which 

E asses through a considerable pond on its n. e. 
order, and enters Lake Memphremagog in Der- 
by. Chartered in 1781. First settled in 1798. 
Pop. 299. 

Salem, city, port of entry, and one of the cap- 
itals of Essex CO., 3Iass. Situated in 42° 34' x. 
lat., and 70° 5' w. Ion. from Greenwich, and in 6° 
E. Ion. from Washington. It is 14 n. n. w. from 
Boston, and 454 N. e. W. The population in 
1810, was 12,613; 1820, 12,731 ; in 1830, 13,836; 
in 1840, 15,082. Employed in commerce, 2S7 ; 
manufactures and trades, 1,188; navigating the 
ocean, 1,301 ; learned professions, &c., 52. 

It is chiefly built on a tongue of land formed 
by 2 inlets from the sea, called North and Sou;h 
rivers, over the former of wliich is a bridge, up- 



wards of 1,500 feet long, connecting it with Be- 
verly, and the latter forms the harbor. The har- 
bor has good anchorage ground, but vessels 
drawing more than 12 or 14 feet of water must 
be partially unloaded before they can come to its 
wharves. The situation of Salem is low, but it 
is pleasant and healthy. It is well built, and 
latterly most of the houses which have been 
erected, are of brick, and many of them are taste- 
ful and elegant. The compact part of Salem is 
about one and a half miles long, and half a mile 
wide. The streets are irregular, having been 
originally laid out without much regard to sym- 
metry and beauty. In the northern part of the 
town there is an elegant public square or com- 
mon, containing about 10 acres, surrounded by a 
handsome public walk, ornamented with rows of 
trees. An aqueduct supplies the city with an 
abundance of excellent spring water. Salem 
was long the second town in New England in 
wealth, commerce, and population ; but Provi- 
dence and Lowell now exceed it in population, 
and New Bedford in shipping. It was long dis- 
tinguished for its East India trade, by which it 
was greatly enriched ; but this branch of com- 
merce, though still carried on, is less extensive 
than formerly. On a peninsula below the town 
are Fort Pickering and Fort Lee ; and on Baker's 
island there is a light-house. The tonnage of 
this port in 1810, was 37,020. 

Among the public buildings are a court house, 
a jail, an almshouse, a market house, an East 
India Marine Museum, and a Lyceum. It has 9 
banks, with an aggregate capital of $2,000,000 ; 
6 insurance companies, with a total capital of 
$950,000 ; a marine insurance company, and an 
institution for savings. There are 2 public libra- 
ries, an atheneum containing 10,000 volumes, and 
a mechanics' library, containing 1,200 volumes. 
There are 16 churches — 4 Unitarian, 4 Congre- 
gational, 2 Baptist, 1 Episcopal, 1 Methodist, 1 
Christian, 1 Roman Catholic, 1 Friends, and 1 
Universalist. 

Among the public institutions is a society form- 
ed of those who, as captains or supercargoes, 
have doubled the Cape of Good Hope or Cape 
Horn, formed in 1301,. for the relief, when neces- 
sary, of the families of its members, and for ad- 
vancing the knowledge necessary for the East 
India trade. It has a splendid museum, consist- 
ing of curiosities collected from all parts of the 
world. To this museum strangers have free ac- 
cess when introduced by a member. 

There were in 1840, 45 coumiercial houses ; 80 
retail stores, with a cap. of $430,000 ; capital in- 
vested in the fisheries, $200,000 ; 17 tanneries, 
cap. $75,000 ; 4 distilleries, cap. $35,000 ; paints, 
drugs, &c., cap. $140,000 ; 4 ropevvalks, cap. 
$33,000 ; 2 grist m., 2 saw m., cap. $50,000 ; 3 
printing offices, 2 weekly and 2 semi-weekly 
newspapers, cap. $9,000. Total cap. in manu- 
fac. $1,439,000. 1 acad. 32 students, 77 sch. 
2,965 scholars. 

Next to Plymouth, Salem is the oldest place in 
the state, having been settled in 1623. Its Indian 
name was Naumkeag or Naumkeek, by which it 
was designated in early times. The territory, 
which originally uicluded Danvers, Beverly, and 
3Iarblehead, was purchased of the Plymouth 
colony by a company in England, and was set' 
tied by a colony under .lohii Endicott, as agent, 
and John Wintlirop vvas its first governor, ap- 
pointed by the company in England. This col- 
ony so increased that in a few years Boston, 
Charlestown, and Dorchester, were settled by 
emigrants from it. In 1692, the celebrated delu- 
sion denominated " the Salem witchcraft" pre- 



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vailed, and 19 persons were hanged as witches, 
in this and some neighboring towns, inchuling 
Charleslown and Boston. The first trial was of 
a person living in what is nowDanvers, and the 
liouse is still standing in Salem in which the 
trials were held, and the place of execution is 
now denominated "gallows hill," from w'hich 
now peaceful spot the most delightful view of 
the city is obtained. At length this severity was 
condemned, and the occasion of it was pronounced 
a delusion. These colonists undoubtedly erred 
exceedingly, but their error belonged to tiie age. 
The English laws at the time recognized witch- 
craft as a capital offence, and these laws were 
•sanctioned by such men as the learned and up- 
right judge, Sir Matthew Hale. 

Salem was distinguished as the early supporter 
of the American Revolution. On the closing of 
the port of Boston, the general court was remov- 
ed to this place, and General Gage hoped that 
the inhabitants would be conciliated by the pros- 
pect of increasing prosperity. But by a unani- 
mous vote in a public town meeting they gave 
him to understand that they disdained to flourish 
on the ruin of Boston, and tiiey offered resistance 
to an attempt to seize some military stores be- 
fore the battle of Lexington. During the revolu- 
tionary war Salem was distinguished for the 
number, boldness, and success of its privateers, 
amounting to 60 vessels, manned by 4,000 men. 

Salem became a city in 1836. The railroad 
from Salem to Boston was opened in 1838, and is 
passed in 50 minutes. 

Salem, p-t., New London co., Ct., 30 s. e 
Hartford, 3.54 W. It was taken chiefly from Col- 
chester, and incorporated in 1810. The soil is 
generally fertile. Watered by a stream which 
flovis into Connecticut r. in Lyme. Gardner's 
lake lies on its n. e. border. It contains 4 church- 
es — 1 Congregational, 1 Methodist, 1 Episcopal, 
and 1 Baptist. It has 2 stores, cap. $4,100; 1 
tannery, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$1,000. 7 sch. 297 scholars. Pop. 811. 

Salem, p-t., and semi-capital of Washington 
CO., N. y., 46 N. N. E. Albany, 416 W. The sur- 
face is undulating and hilly ; soil, sandy and clay 
loam, and well cultivated. Drained by Black 
and White creeks, branches of Battenkill river, 
which afford water power. The v. is pleasantly 
situated in a valley, on White cr., and contains a 
court house, jail, 1 Presbyterian and 1 Associate 
Reformed chuTcli, Washington academy, 5 stores, 
1 grist m., 1 furnace, 1 machine shop, 100 dwell- 
ings, many of them neat, and about 700 inhabit- 
ants. The great northern turnpike from Lansing- 
burg, one of the best roads in the country, passes 
through it, and it is a great thoroughfare. There 
are in the t. 11 stores, cap. $41,400; 1 fulling m., 
1 woollen fac, 1 printing office, 1 weekly news- 
paper, 5 grist m., 5 saw rn. Capital in manufac. 
$34,235. 1 acad. 50 students, 22 sch. 731 schol- 
ars. Pop. 2,855. 

Salem, v., Portland t., Chautauque co., N. Y. 
It contains 1 church, 1 store, 1 grist m., 1 tannery, 
and about 30 dwellings. 

Salem, p-t,, and capital of Salem co., N. J., 64 
s. Trenton, 173 W. The soil is a fertile sandy 
loam. Watered by Salem cr. and its tributaries. 
The v. is situated on Salem cr., 3^^ miles from its 
mouth in Delaware bay, and contains a fine 
brick court house, 60 by 40 feet, with fire proof 
brick county offices adjacent, a stone jail, 7 
churche,s— 1 Episcopal, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Meth- 
odist, 1 Baptist, 2 Friends, (1 Ortjiodox and 1 
Hicksite.) and 1 African Methodist — 1 market 
house, 1 bank, 1 academy, 2 printing offices, 
each issuing a weekly newspaper, 26 stores, 3 



lumber yards, 1 steam grist m., 1 horse m., and 
about 230 dwellings. A steamboat runs daily to 
Delaware city and Newcastle, and coimects with 
one from Philadelphia. Vessels of 50 tons come 
up to the v., but a bar at the mouth of the creek 
has but 8 ieet water. There is a draw-bridge 
over the cr. This was the first place settled in 
West Jersey, having been founded in 1675. 
There are in the t. 17 stores, captial $47,490 ; 2 
lumber yards, cap. $23,000 ; 2 tanneries, 1 pot- 
tery, 1 printing office, 2 weekly newspapers. 
Cap. in manufac. $39,996. 2 acad. 71 students, 
4 sch. 130 scholars. Pop. 2,007. 

Sale.m, p-t., Mercer co., Pa., 241 w. n. w. 
Harrisburg, 296 W. The surface is level ; soil, 
clay and loam. Watered by Little Shenango 
and Crooked creeks, which unite in its w. part, 
and flow into Big Shenango cr. It has 1 fulling 
m., 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 2 grist m., 13 saw m., 
1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $3,600. 13 sch. 569 
scholars. Poji. 1,980. 

Sale.m, t., Wayne co., Pa. Drained by Waul- 
lenpapack cr. It has 7 sch. 190 scholars. Pop. 
849. 

Sale.m, t., Luzerne co., Pa. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $6,500 ; 3 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $11,800. 6 sch. 218 scholars. Pop. 1,009. 
Salem, t., Westmoreland co.. Pa. It has Loyal- 
hanna r. on the e. Drained by Beaver Dam r. 
The borough contains 204 inhabitants. There 
are in the t. 10 sch. 3(X) scholars. Pop. 1,892. 

Salem, p-v., capitiil of Roanoke co., Va., 178 
w. Richmond, 216 W. Situated on Roanoke r. 
It contains a court house, jail, 1 store, and about 
250 inhabitants. 

Sale.m, p-v., Stokes co., N. C, 109 w. by .v. 
Raleigh, 320 W. It i.s a neat Moravian v., situ- 
ated on a small branch of Yadkin r., built mostly 
on a single street, 14 mile long, shaded with trees. 
The houses are chiefly of brick. It contains a 
church, a Moravian female academy, of celebrity, 
whicli has 4 brick buildings, 4 stories high, situ- 
ated on a fine public square, a branch of Cape 
Fear Bank at Wilmington, a cotton fac, a paper 
fac, a printing office, 4 stores, and about 1,000 
inhabitants. 

Salem, p-v., Sumter dist., S. C, 91 e. Colum- 
bia, 507 W. Situated on e. side of Black r. 

Salem, p-v., Clarke co., Ga., 58 n. by w. Mil- 
ledgeville, 615 W. It contains 1 Methodist 
church, an academy, 2 stores, 1 tannery, and 
about 30 dwellings. 

Salem, p-v., Russell co., Ala., 180 e. s. e. Tus- 
caloosa, 775 W. 

Salem, p-v., Tippah co., Miss., 208 n. n. e 
Jackson, 8i2 W. 

Salem, p-v., Franklin co., Tenn., 104 s. s. e. 
Nashville, 674 W. 

Salem, p-v., capital of Crittenden co., Ky., 249 
w. s. w. Frankfort, 781 W. Situated between 
the Ohio and Cumberland rivers, and contains a 
court house, jail, 3 stores, 1 school 25 scholars. 
Pop. 233. 

Salem, p-t., Columbiana co., 0., 167 e. n. e. 
Columbus, 289 W. It contains the villages of 
Washingtonville and Franklin Square. It has 10 
sch. 324 scholars. Pop. 1,900. 

Salem, v.. Perry t., Columbiana co., O. It 
las 4 sch. 339 scholars. Pop. 842. 

Salem, t., Monroe co., O. It has 2 sch. 40 
scholars. Pop. 90!). 

Salism, t.. Champaign co., O. It has 1 tannery, 
2 flouring m., 1 sch. 47 scholars. Pop. 1,402. 

Salem, t.. Highland co., O. It has 6 sch. 233 
scliolars. Pop. 2,004. 

Salem, t., Jefferson co., O. It contains several 
villages. It has 9 stores, cap. $10,4il0; 2 tan 



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neries, 1 grist tn. Cap. in manul'ac. $4,200. 6 
ech. 375 scholars. Pop. 2,044. 

Salem, t., Meigs co., O. It has 1 grist m., 2 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $350. 6 schools 277 
sctiolars. Pop. 940. 

S.\LEM, t., Muskingum co., O. Pop. 1,002. 
Salem, t., Ottawa co., O. Pop. 104. 
Salem, t., Shelby co., O. It has 3 .■stores, cap 
$5,350 ; 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 3 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,575. 2 schools 51 
scholars. Pop. 1,158. 

Salem, t., Tuscarawas co., O. It has 3 stores, 
cap. $2,700; 2 com. houses, cap. $1,500; 2 grist 
m., 4 saw m., 5 sch. 415 scholars. Pop. 1,121. 

Salem, t., Washington co., O. It has 6 sch. 
230 scholars. Pop. 881. 

Salem, t., Washtenaw co., Mich. It has 1 fur- 
nace, 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,300. Pop. 
1,364. 

Salem, t., Steuben co., la. It has 2 sch. 45 
scliolars. Pop. 190. 

Salem, t., Washington co., la. It has 2 acad. 
S6 students, 2 sch. 76 scholars. Pop. 1,083. 

Salem, p-v., capital of Washington co., la., 93 
s. Indianapolis, 604 W. Situated on the head 
waters of Blue r., and contains a court house, 
jail, market house, a county seminary, 2 church- 
es — 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist — 12 stores, 
2 printing offices, 1 grist ra., 1 oil m., 1 cotton fac, 
1 woollen fac, all moved by steam, and various 
other mills and manufactories, and about 1,500 
inhabitants. There are in the t. 2 academies 96 
students. Pop. 1,083. 

Salem, p-v., capital of Marion co.. 111., lOS s. 
s. e. Springfield, 760 W. Situated on the border 
of the Grand prairie, and contains a court house, 
jail, and about 40 dwellings. 

Salem, p-v., Racine co., Wis., 90 e. Madison, 
775 W. Situated on the w. shore of Lake Mich- 
igan. 

Salem, p-v., Henry co., Iowa. Situated on a 
beautiful prairie, and contains 1 Friends church, 
several stores, various mechanic shops, and about 
1,000 inhabitants. Incorporated in 1839. Settled 
by a society of Friends, who originated from 
Salem, N. J., built up Salem, O., then Salem, la., 
and lastly founded Salem, Iowa, in 1834. 

Salem, p-v., Benton co., Mo., 104 s. w. JefTer- 
son City, 1,040 W. 

Salem, p-v., P'auquier co., Va., 115 n. by w. 
Richmond, 59 W. It contains 1 church, common 
to several denominations, an academy, 3 stores, 
and about 40 dwellings. 

Salem Centre, p-v.. North Salem t., West- 
chester CO., X. Y., 115 s. Albany, 279 W. 

Salem Church, p-v., Randolph co., N. C, 121 
w. Raleigh, 339 W. 

Sale.m Cross Roads, p-o., Portland t., Chau- 
tauque co., >f. Y., 330 w. by s. Albany, 352 W. 

Sale.m Cross Roads, p-v., Westmoreland co.. 
Pa., 180 w. Harrisburg, 2 )5 W. Situated on w. 
side of Beaver Dam cr., Salem t. 

Salfordville, p-o., Montgomery co.. Pa., 85 
E. Harrisburg, 170 W. 

Sallna, p-t., Onondaga co., N. Y., 133 w. by 
N. Albany, 330 W. The surface is rolling; soil, 
clay and gravelly loam. Drained by Onondaga 
cr., and other streams, flowing into Onondaga 
lake. It contains the most celebrated salt springs 
in the state. The v. is situated on the e. end of j 
Onondaga lake, and contains 3 churches — 1 Pres- 
byterian, 1 Methodist, and 1 Roman Catholic — 1 
banking house, 20 stores and gro?eries, 1 flouring 
m., 2 .saw m., 1 machine shop, 1 furnace, and 
large salt inanufiictories, in which 1,107,823 bush- 
els were manufactured in 1840, being nearly one 
half of what was manufactured in the t. The 



salt springs are owned by the state, which re- 
ceives a duty of 6 cents a bushel from the manu- 
facturers. There were manufactured 2,622,305 
bushels of salt in 1840 in the t. It has 3 acad. 
150 students, 21 sch. 1,848 scholars. Pop. 1 1,013. 

Salina, p-v., .lefferson co., Ky., 65 w. Frank- 
fort, 605 W. 

Saline, r., La., rises in Claiborne parish, and 
flowing s. w. 50 ras., falls into Black Lake r., 8 
ms. N. E. Natchitoches. 

Saline, r., Ark., rises 20 s. w. Little Rock, 
and, after a southerly course of 50 ms., falls into 
Wachitta r. 

Saline, t., Hot Springs co.. Ark. Pop. 361. 

Saline, r.. 111., is formed by the junction of 
N., s., and middle forks, near Equality, and enters 
the Ohio 12 ms. below Shawneetown. It is a 
navigable stream, and contains several extensive 
salt works on its borders. 

Saline, cr., Mo., a small stream which enters 
the Mississippi r., near the s. e. corner of St. 
Genevieve co. Salt spring are numerous on its 
banks, and salt has been manufactured here. 

Saline, county, Mo. Situated a little n. w. 
of the centre of the state, and contains 820 square 
miles. The surface is undulating, containing 
timber and prairie ; soil, very fertile. The 3Iis- 
souri flows on its n. and e. boundary. Watereil 
by La Mine r. Capital, Jonesboro'. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 7,176, sheep 5,793, swine 
2,475; wheat 21,677 bushels produced, Indian 
corn 304,095, oats 36,763, potatoes 11,858, to- 
bacco 17,230 pounds ; 2 commission houses, cap. 
$3,000; 10 stores, cap. $50,500; 6 distilleries, 2 
flouring m., 12 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac $19,668. 14 sch. 303 scholars. Pop. whites 
3,635, slaves 1,615, free col'd 8 ; total, 5,258. 

Saline, county. Ark. Situated near the cen- 
tre of the state, and contains 720 sq. ms. Saline 
r. runs on its s. w. border. Drained by Hurri- 
cane r. Capital, Benton. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 1,530, sheep 273, swine 3,830 ; wheat 
598 bushels produced, Indian corn 9,500, oats 
1,690, potatoes 4,200, tobacco 940 pounds, cotton 
64,500 ; 3 stores, cap. $8,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 dis- 
tillery, 5 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac 
$1,900. 1 sch. 36 scholars. Pop. whites 1,662, 
slaves 399; total, 2,0G1. 

Saline, t., Jefferson co., O. Pop. 963. 

Saline, p-t., Washtenaw co., Mich., 40 w. 
Detroit, 517 W. The soil is fertile, adapted to 
grain. Pop. 1,390. 

Saline, p-o., Ralls co., Mo., 98 n. e. Jefferson 
City, 929 W. 

Saline, t., Sevier co.. Ark. It has 2 sch. 51 
scholars. Pop. 334. 

Saline, t., Hempstead co.. Ark. It has 1 acad. 
40 students, 1 sch. 36 scholars. Pop. 1,192. 

Saline Rock, p-o.. Wood co., Va., 327 w. n. 
w. Richmond, 296 W. 

Salineville, p-o., Columbiana CO., O., 141 n. 
E. Columbus, 283 W. 

Salisbury, p-t., Merrimac co., N. H., 16 n. n. 
w. Concord, 491 W. The surface is various. 
Kearsarge mountain lies in its w. part. The .soil 
is fertile, especially on the streams. On the 
hills it is adapted to grazing. Merrimac r. bounds 
it on the e. Drained i)y Blackwater r., which 
passes through a pond in its n. part., and flows s. 
into Contoocook r. Chartered in 1768. In the s. 
part of the t. is a pleasant v., containing a Con- 
gregational church and an academy ; and about 
Is m. N. \v. is another small v., whicli contains a 
Baptist church. This t. was the birthplace of 
the Hon. Daniel Webster. There are in the t. 3 
sUires, cap. $21,500 : 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 
grist m., 2 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $7,900 1 



SAL 



594 



SAL 



acad. 63 students, 10 sch. 342 scholars. Pop. 
1,329. 

Salisbbury, p-t, Addison co., Vt, 69 s. w. 
Montpelier, 481 W. The surface is uneven ; 
soil, generally fertile, especially on the streams. 
Otter cr. bounds it on the w. Watered by Mid- 
dlebury r., and Lake Dunmore, which is 4 miles 
long, and from one half to three fourths of a mile 
wide, the outlet of which, called Leicester river, 
affords good water power. It has a Congrega- 
tional and a Methodist church. Chartered in 
1761. First settled by an heroic woman, Mrs. 
Story, with a family of 8 or 10 children, in 1775, 
for which she received 100 acres of land. There 
is a small manufacturing v. at the outlet of the 
lake. There are in the t. 2 stores, cap. $13,000; 
1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 forge, 1 glass fac, 
1 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $34,000. 
10 sch. 440 scholars. Pop. 942. 

Salisbury, p-t., Essex county, Mass., 42 n. n. 
E. Boston, 477 W. The Atlantic bounds it on 
the E., Merrimac r. on the s., and Powow r. on 
the w. The surface is uneven, excepting, in the 
E., where there is an extensive beach, and some 
salt marsh. The soil is generally fertile. It 
contains 6 churches — 2 Congregational, 1 Bap- 
tist, 1 Methodist, 1 Christian, and 1 Universalist. 
There arc 3 villages — one opposite to Newbury- 
port, one at the junction of Powow and Merri- 
mac rivers, where ship building has been carried 
on, and one on Powow r., called Mills v., where 
are considerable manufactures. The railroad 
from Boston to Portsmouth passes through this 
t. There are in the t. 23 stores, cap. $13,650 ; 
16 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 3 tanneries, 1 print- 
ing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 3 grist m., 2 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $561,450. 11 sch. 653 
scholars. Pop. 2,739. 

Sallsburv, p-t., Litchfield co., Ct., 53 w. Hart- 
ford, 337 W. The surface is imeven ; soil, gene- 
rally fertile, parts of it well adapted to grain, and 
others to grazing. The Housatonic river runs 
on its E. border, and between this t. and Canaan 
has a perpendicular fall of 60 feet, affording great 
water power. Watered by Salmon r. Tiiere 
are several ponds in the t., 2 connected together 
toward the n. e., 1 toward the n. w., and Fur- 
nace pond toward the s., the outlets of which 
afford water power. The v. at the centre con- 
tains 1 Congregational and 1 Episcopal church, 
and a number of dwellings. Furnace v., at the 
outlet of Furnace pond, contains a Methodist 
church and a number of neat dwellings, and is a 
place of considerable business. In the w. part 
of the t., on the .New York line, is a valuable bed 
of iron ore of an excellent quality. First settled 
in 1720. Incorporated in 1741. It has 7 stores, 
cap. $29,500 ; 3 furnaces, 10 forges, 2 tanneries, 
3 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3ri,950. 1 
acad. 15 students, 13 sch. 695 scholars. Pop. 2,56) . 

Salisbury, p-t., Herkimer co., N. Y., 73 w. n. 
w. Albany, 413 W. The surface is hilly and 
mountainous, with some broad valleys ; soil, 
sandy and clay loam. Drained by East Canada 
creek, and tributaries of West Canada creek. 
The village at the centre is on Spruce cr., and 
contains 1 grist m., 1 'aw m., 1 tannery, and 30 
or 40 dwellings. Salishury village lies 7 miles 
N. by E. Little falls, and contains 2 churches, 3 
stores, 40 dwellings, and about 25') inhabit- 
ants. An extensive bed of magnetic iron ore has 
been found 3 miles n. of this place. There are 
in the t. 7 stores, cap. $31,050 ; 4 lumber yards, 
cap. $2,500 ; 2 fulling m., 1 forge, 3 tanneries, 
1 paper fac, 1 printing office, 4 grist m., 11 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $56,130. 14 sch. 507 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,859. 



Salisbury, p-t., Lancaster co.. Pa., 16 e. Lan- 
caster, 51 Harrisburg, 121 W. The surface is 
rolling ; soil, calcareous loam. Drained by Pic- 
quea cr., which affords water power. The p-v. 
contains 8 or 10 dwellings. There are in the t. 
9 stores, cap. $35,000; 1 forge, 1 distillery, 1 
brewery, 2 flouring m., 2 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $6,000. 10 sch. 390 scholars. Pop. 
3,959. 

Salisbury, t., Lehigh co.. Pa. It has 3 stores, 
cap. $10,000; 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 3 flouring 
m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $70,050. 1 sch. 
40 scholars. Pop. 1,433. 

Salisbury, p-v., Somerset co., Md., 95 s. s. e. 
Annapolis, 135 W. Situated on the e. side of 
Wicomico r., and contains 2 stores and about 
250 inhabitants. 

Salisbury, p-v., capital of Rowan co., N. C, 
118 w. Raleigh, 355 W. Situated on a branch 
of Y'adkin r. It contains a court house, jail, a 
church and an academy, and about 700 inhabit- 
ants. Here is an ancient stone wall, laid in ce- 
ment, and plastered on both sides, from 12 to 14 
feet high, 22 inches thick, which reaches to with- 
in a foot of the surface, and the length of what 
has been discovered is about 300 feet. A simi- 
lar wall has been discovered 6 miles from the 
first, 4 or 5 feet high, and 7 inches thick. Their 
origin can only be a matter of conjecture. 

Salisbury, p-t., Meigs co., O., 98 s. w. Co- 
lumbus, 346 W. Ohio r. bounds it on the s. It 
contains a church and salt works, which produce 
about 500 barrels per week. It has extensive 
beds of bituminous coal. The surface has a 
southern declivity ; soil, very fertile. It has 8 
stores, cap. $10,500; 2 flouring m., 4 grist m., 5 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $67,320. 9 sch. 286 
scholars. Pop. 1,509. 

Salisbury, p-v., Sangamon co.. 111., 10 n. w. 
Springfield, 790 W. Situated on a small branch 
of Sangamon r. 

Salisbury Centre, p-v., Salisbury t., Herki- 
mer CO., N. Y., 75 w. N. w. Albany, 405 W. 
(See Salisbury. ) 

Salisbury Mills, p-v.. Blooming Grove t., 
Orange co., IN. Y ., 93 s. by w. Albany, 287 W. 
It contains 3 stores, 1 paper m., 1 grist m., 1 saw 
m., 1 plaster m., 1 tannery, and about 25 dwell- 
ings. 

Salmon Creek, p-o., Sodus t., Wayne co., 
N. Y., 196 w. by n. Albany, 367 W. 

Salmon, r., Ct., rises in the s. part of Tolland 
CO., and flows into Connecticut r., in E. Haddam. 
It has falls which afford good water power, and 
is navigable a short distance from its mouth. 

Salmon r., N. Y., rises in Lewis co., and 
flows through Oswego county inlo Mexico bay, 
which sets up from Lake Ontario. It has a pretty 
good harbor at its mouth, and is boatable, in high 
water, 14 miles, to the falls in Orwell. At these 
ialls the r. has a perpendicular descent of 107 
feet, being 250 feet wide at high water, and half 
tliat at low water. The rocky strata consist of 
slate and granhe, or gneiss, and the height of 
banks above is from 80 to 90 feet, and below the 
falls 200 feet of perpendicular rock. The water 
is very deep at the foot of the fall, and salmon 
trout and other f)sh are here taken. 

Salmon River, p-o., Albion t., Oswego co., 
N. \^ 

Salmon Falls, r., N. H., the name of the 
Piscataqua r. above the great falls in Berwick. 

Salon A, p o., Clinton co.. Pa. 

Salona, p-o., Racine co., Wis., 117 e. s. e. 
Madison, 702 W. 

Salonia, p-v., Greene co., Ky. 

Salt Creek, p-t., Muskingum co., O., 65 E. 



SAL 



595 



SAN 



Columbus, 330 W. It has 2 churches, and sev- 
eral salt fac. Pop. 1,253. 

Salt Creek, t.. Holmes co., O. It has cap. 
in manufac. $1,700. 1 sch. 37 scholars. Pop. 
1,739. 

Salt Creek, t., Hocking co., O. A branch 
of Scioto Salt cr. runs through it. It has 2 sch. 
48 scholars. Pop. 821. 

Salt Creek, t., Marion co., O. It has I tan- 
nery, 1 pottery, 1 printing office, 1 weekly and 
1 semi-weekly newspaper, 2 grist tn., 1 saw in., 1 
oil m. Cap. in manufac. $1,200. 4 sch. 170 
scholars. Pop. 607. 

Salt Creek, t., Pickaway co., O. It has 6 
stores, cap. $10,600; 4 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 1 
fulling m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,100. 
5 sch. 133 scholars. Pop. 1,814. 

Salt Creek, t., Wayne co., O. It has 3 
stores, cap. .$4,800 ; 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 3 
saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $7,455. 1 
sch. 82 scholars. Pop. 1,461. 

Salt Creek, p-o.. Porter co., la. 

Salt Fork, p-o., Vermilion co., la. 

Saltlick, t., Fayette co., Pa. It has 1 store, 
cap. $1,500; 1 furnace, 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 
distillery, 4 grist in., 15 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $250. 5 sch. 143 scholars. Pop. 1,911. 

Salt Lick, t., Perry co., O. It has 1 store, 
cap. $4,000 ; 3 gri.st in., 2 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $1,400. 6 sch. 200 scholars. Pop. 1,243. 

Salt Lick Creek, p-o., Smith co., Tenn., 71 
E. Nashville, 637 W. 

Salt Point, p-o., Pleasant Valley t., Dutchess 
CO., N. Y., 74 s. Albany, 311 W. 

Salt, r., Ky., rises in Mercer co., and flowing 
N. into Anderson co., it turns w. and enters the 
Ohio at West Point, between Jefferson and Har- 
din counties, 20 ms. below Louisville. It is 200 
yards wide at its mouth, and boatable 150 ms. 
Fifteen ms. from its mouth it receives on the s. 
.side a branch nearly as large as itxeU, called the 
Rolling Fork, which last, receives in Nelson co. 
a large branch called Beechy Fork. All these 
branches of Salt r., though diverging widely, 
rise near each other. These streams water 
some of the most fertile portions of the state. 

Salt, r., Mo., rises in Iowa ter. and flows s., 
inclining e., to the border of Ralls co., when it 
pursues a very winding course n. e., and then 
turns s. e. until it joins the Mississippi, 85 ms. 
above the Missouri. It is navigable to some 
extent. 

Salt River, p-o., Audrain co.. Mo., 58 n. by 
E. Jeflferson City, 930 W. 

Saltsburg, p-v., Conemaugh t., Indiana co.. 
Pa., 179 w. N. w. llarrisburg, 205 W. Situated 
on the E. bank of Conemaugh r., and contains 1 
church, 4 stores, cap. $16,000; 2 tanneries, 4 
grist m., 13 saw m. Caj). in manufac. .$1,080. 
Pop. 339. There are many salt works in the 
vicinity. 

Salt Springville, p-o., Canajoharie t., Mont- 
gomery CO., N. Y., 63 w. Albany, 381 W. 

Salt Sulphur Springs, p-o., Monroe co., 
Va., 232 w. Richmond, 269 W. The estate on 
which these springs are located contains 1 church 
free to all denominations, and 90 inhabitants, 52 
whites and 3S blacks. Here are ample accom- 
modations for 300 visiters. The springs possess 
valuable properties. 

Saltville, p-v., Smyth co., Va., 283 w. by s. 
Richmond, 356 W. Situated near the n. fork of 
Holston r. There are valuable salt springs in 
the vicinity, and gypsum is found. It contains 2 
grist m., 1 saw m., and about 150 inhabitants. 

Salubria, p-o., Dix t., Chemung co., N. Y., 
191 w. s. w. Albany, 302 W. 



Salubrity, p-o., Pickens dist., S. C. 

Salubrity, po., Gadsden co., Flor. 

Saluda, p-t., Jefferson co., la., 100 s. s. E. In- 
dianapolis, 572 W. Pop. 1,285. 

Salvlsa, p-v., Mercer co.. Ivy., 21 s. Frank- 
fort, 563 W. 

Sa.mmonsville, p-o., Fulton co., N. Y. 

Sampson, county, N. C. Situated a little s. ot 
the centre of the state, and contains 800 sq. ms. 
South r. runs on its w. border. Drained by 
Black r. and its branches, all tributaries of Cape 
Fear r. Capital, Clinton. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 6,735, sheep 4,432, swine 20,562, 
wheat 3,872 bush, produced, rye 1,061, Ind. corn 
130,951, oats 2,126, potatoes 96,127, rice 29,974 
pounds, cotton 342,300; 8 .stores, cap. $10,500; 
16 grist m., 10 saw m., 1 acad. 35 students, 13 
sch. 272 scholars. Pop. whites 7,473, slaves 
4,423, free col'd 237; total, 12,157. 

Sampsondale, v., Haverstraw t., Rockland 
CO., N. Y. It contains 1 Presbyterian church, 
an academy, 3 stores, 1 iron wire fac, 1 rolling 
and slitting m., 1 chemical works, and about 30 
dwellings. 

Samptown, v., Piscataway t., Middlesex co., 
N. J., 8 N. New Brunswick. Situated on Cedar 
cr., a branch of Raritan r. It contains 1 Baptist 
church, 1 store, and about 12 dwellings. 

Sam's Creek, p-o., Carroll co., Md., 62 n. w. 
Annapolis, 63 W. 

Sam's Creek, p-o., Davidson co., Tenn., 21 
w. Nashville, 705 W. 

Samuelsburg, p-v., Putnam co., la., 42 w. In- 
dianapolis, 614 W. 

Sancon Valley, p-o., Lehigh co.. Pa. 

Sand Bank, p-o., Albion t., Oswego co., N. Y., 
147 w. N. w. Albany, 393 W. 

Sanbor.nton, p-t., Belknap co., N. H., 21 n. 
Concord, 502 W. Great bay of Winnipiseogee 
lake bounds it on the e., Pemigewasset r., for a 
short distance, on the w. The surface is un- 
even ; soil, fertile. Incorporated in 1770. It 
contains 3 churches — 2 Baptist and one Congre- 
gational — and an academy. It has 5 stores, cap. 
$12,51X); 3 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 cotton 
fac. 700 sp., 4 tanneries, 2 printing offices, 7 grist 
m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufiic $52,630. 1 acad. 
14S students, 23 sch. 1,037 scholars. Pop. 2,745. 

Sanbornton Bridge, p-v., Sanbornton t., 
Belknap co., N. H., 17 n. Concord, 498 W. 

Sancoty Head, Mass., is the e. point of Nan- 
tucket Island, 41° 16' n. lat. 126° 52' w. Ion. 

Sandburg, p-o., Fallsbiirv t., Sullivan co., 
N. Y., 98 s. w. Albany, 303 VV. 

Sandersville, p-v., Chester dist., S. C, 66 
N. Columbia, 461 W. 

Sandersville, p-v., capital of Washington 
CO., Ga., 28 s. e. Milledgevilie, 658 W. It con- 
tains a court house, jail, an academy, 7 stores, 
and about 23 dwellings. 

Sandford, t., York co.. Me. It has 5 stores, 
cap. $7,900; 1 fulling m., 2 woollen fac. Cap. 
in manufac. $3,200. 20 sch. 1,052 scholars. 
Pop. 2,233. 

Sandford, p-t., Broome co., N. Y., 120 s. e. 
Albany, 304 W. The surface is hilly and moun- 
tainous ; soil, adapted to grazing. Drained by 
Ocquaga cr., which flows into Delaware r. It 
has 1 store, cap. $4,000; 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 
9 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $1,600. 9 sch. 369 
scholars. Pop. 1,173. 

Sand Fort, p-o., Russell co., Ala., 188 e. s. e. 
Tuscaloosa, 775 W. 

Sandgate, p-t., Bennington co., Vt., Ill s. 
Montpelier, 421 W. The surface is mountain- 
ous and broken ; soil, fertile in the valleys, and 
adapted to grazing, in its elevated parts. Char- 



SAN 



596 



SAN 



tered in 1761. Drained by branches of" Batten- 
kill r., and of White cr. It has 1 store, cap. 
$1,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 grist m., 3 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,035. 9 sch. 206 
scholars. Pop. 776. 

Sand Hill, p-o., Scotland co., Mo., 171 n. Jef- 
ferson City, 93-i W. 

S.4.NDRIDGES, p-0., Amherst co., Va., 128 w. 
Richmond, 18!) W. 

Sandisfield, p-t., Berkshire co., Mass., 126 
w. by s. Boston, 3ul W. The surface is elevated 
and uneven ; soil, fertile, adapted to grazing. 
Drained by a branch of Farmington r., which 
runs on its boundary in the s. E. part. It con- 
tains 1 Congregational and 1 Baptist churcli. 
Incorporated in 1736. First settled in 1750. It 
has 8 stores, cap. $18,800 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen 
fac, 3 tanneries, 2 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufixc. $24,275. 14 sch. 382 scholars. Pop. 1,464. 

Sand Lake, p-t., Rensselaer co., N. V., 17 e. 
Albany, 384 W. The surface is hilly and rough, 
with much wa.ste land, and some fertile valleys. 
It contains several ponds. Drained by Poesten- 
kill and WynanUkill creeks. The v. contains 2 
stores, 2 cotton fac, 2 sattmet fac, 1 blast fur- 
nace, 1 saw m., 1 tannery, and about 25 dvyell- 
ings. There are in the t. 11 stores, cap. $14,0oO ; 
1 cotton fac. 1,000 sp., 2 tanneries, 1 glass fac, 
1 flouring m., 4 grist m., 27 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $91,825. 21 sch. 1,258 scholars. Pop. 4,303. 

Sa.\dover, p-v., Abbeville dist., S. C, 81 w. 
Columbia, 534 W. 

Sandow.\, p-t., Rockingham co., N. H., 2C s. e. 
Concord, 467 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, 
fertile. Watered by Exeter r. Cub pond, a 
small body of water, lies on its e. border. Incor- 
porated in 1756. It has 3 stores, cap. $1,000; 
1 tannery, 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac^ $3,950. 4 sch. 170 scholars. Pop. 525. 

Sands Point, Hempstead t., Queens co., N. Y,, 
projects into Long Island sound, and contains a 
lighthouse. 

Sand Ridge, p-o., Menard co., III., 27 n. 
Springfield, 807 W. 

Sa.ndsville, p-v., Clinton co., Mo. 

Sandton, p-v., Kershaw dist., S. C, 55 n. e. 
Columbia, 451 W. 

Sa.vd Town, p-v., Kent co., Del., 19 s. w. Do- 
ver, 105 W. 

Sand Town, p-v., Campbell co., Ga., 100 w. 
N. w. Milledgeville, 695 W. 

Sandusky, r., O., rises in Richland and Craw- 
ford counties, and flows n. into Sandusky bay. 
It is 90 nis. long, and though a rapid stream, af- 
fords good navigation at high water. A portage 
of 4 ms. connects it with the Scioto r. It has 
good land on its borders. 

Sandusky, county, O. Situated toward the 
N. w. part of the state, and contains 320 sq. ms. 
Drained by Sandusky r. and its branches. Port- 
age r. crosses its n. w. comer. The sur/ace is 
low and level ; soil, fertile. Capital, Lower San- 
dusky. There were in 1840, neat cattle 10,613, 
sheep 8,452, swine 33,914; wheat 119,122 bush, 
produced, rye 8,890, Ind. corn 142,628, buck- 
wheat 7,732, barley 1,962, oats 77,072, potatoes 
78,403 ; sugar 83,722 pounds ; 2 commission 
houses, cap. $11,000; 14 stores, cap. $6S,600 ; 
3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 pottery, 3 flouring 
m., 8 grist m., 26 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 printing 
offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. 
$120,109. 56 sch. 5,159 scholars. Pop. 10,182. 

Sandusky, p-o., Freedom t., Cattaraugus co., 
N. Y., 272 w. by s. Albany, 343 W. 

Sandusky, p-v., port of entry and capital, Erie 
CO., O., 110 N. Columbus, 414 W. Situated on the 
8. shore of Sandusky bay, fronting the opening 



into Lake Erie, of which it has a beautiful view. 
The entire town is based upon an inexhaustible 
quarry of the finest building stone, which has 
been extensively used in the erection of its edi- 
fices. At all times of the year, excepting 3 win- 
ter months, the wharves are thronged witli steam- 
boats and other vessels, and the view is enliven- 
ed by their arrival and departure. It contains 4 
splendid churches ; an academy of stone, 3 stories 
high ; 26 stores, besides groceries and provision 
houses ; a ship-yard, where steamboats and other 
vessels are built ; 300 dwellings, and about 1,200 
inhabitants. 

Sandusky, t., Crawford co., O. It has 7 sch. 
325 scholars. Pop. 679. 

Sandusky, t., Richland co., O. It has 8 sch. 
571 scholars. Pop. 1,465. 

Sandusky, t., Sandusky co., O. It has 3 sch. 
67 scholars. Pop. 579. 

Sandwich, p-t., Carroll co., N. H., 49 n. Con- 
cord, 530 W. The surface is uneven and moun- 
tainous, with some fertile land. Squam lake lies 
partly in its s. e. corner. Watered by Bearcamp 
r., the s. branch of which pa.sses through Bear- 
camp pond. Another pond in its s. part dis- 
charges its waters s. into Winnipiseogee lake. A 
small stream flows vv. into Pemigewasset r. 
Chartered hi 1763. It has 7 stores, cap. $9,700 ; 

2 fulling m., 4 tanneries, 5 grist m., 8 saw in., 1 
oil m. Cap. in manufac. $7,000. 1 acad. 34 stu- 
dents, 20 sch. 785 scholars. Pop. 2,625. 

Sandwich, pt., Barnstable co., Mass., 53 s. s. 
E. Boston, 459 W. Situated on the isthmus of 
Cape Cod, between Buzzard's and Cape Cod 
bays. It is the most agricultural t. in the co., 
with some light and unproductive land. It has a 
number of ponds, which afford fine fishing and 
fowling. Deer are still found in this vicinity. 
The principal v. is situated on Cape Cod bay, 
and contains 4 churches — 1 Congregational, 1 
Unitarian, 1 Methodist, and 1 Roman Catholic; 
and an academy, a large glass fac, and about 100 
dwellings. There are, in other parts of the t., 6 
other churches — 4 Methodist, 1 Congregational, 
and 1 Friends. A ship canal, 5 ms. long, through 
level ground, would connect Buzzard's and Cape 
Cod bays, and save the tedious navigation around 
the cape. A considerable quantity of salt is 
manufactured in this t. There are m the t. 17 
stores, cap. $28,750 ; 1 tannery, 1 glasshouse, 
7 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $283,350. 

3 acad. 180 students, 21 sch. 1,130 scholars. 
Pop. 3,719. 

Sandy, r.. Me., rises in Franklin co., and after 
a course of 45 ms., first s. e. and then n. e., it 
enters Kennebec r. in Starks t., Somerset co. It 
flows through a fertile country. 

Sandy, r., Va. and Ky., rises in Logan co., Va., 
and flowing N. w., divides Logan and Tazewell 
counties, Va., and thence, inclining n., it separ- 
ates the states of Va. and Ky. for nearly 200 ms. 
until it enters the Ohio r. at Catletsburg, Ky. It 
is 200 yards wide at its mouth. It receives sev- 
eral tributaries, the largest of which is the west 
fork, at Louisa, Ky. The Sandy is navigable for 
batteaux 50 ms. from its mouth. 

Sandy, t., Tuscarawas co., O. It has 3 stores, 
cap. $4,000 ; 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $20,000. 16 sch. 554 scholars. Pop. 
1,444. 

Sandy, t., Starke co., O. It has 1 sch. 34 
scholars. Pop. 1,265. 

Sandy, p-o., Jackson co., Va., 355 w. N. w. 
Richmond, 324 W. 

Sandy, p-o., Columbiana co., O., 141 e. n. e. 
Columbus, 298 W. 

Sandv Bay, v., Gloucester t., Essex co., Mass 



SAN 



597 



SAN 



Situated on the e. side of Cape Ann, 5 ms. from 
Gloucester liarbor. A pier and breakwater have 
been constructed for the security of shipping. 

Sandy Bottom, p-o., Middlesex co., Va., 103 
E. Richmond, 165 W. 

Sandy Bridge, p-o., Carroll co., Tenn., 87 w. 
Nashville, 771 W. 

Sa.ndy Creek, N. Y., rises in Orleans co., and 
flows into Lake Ontario in Clarkson t., Monroe co. 

Sandy Creek, p-t., Oswego co., N. Y., 161 w. 
N. vv. Albany, 391 W. The surface is undulating ; 
soil, sandy loam. Drained by Little Sandy cr. 
and other streams flowing iiito Lake Ontario, 
which bounds it on the w. It has 4 stores, cap. 
$4,000; 1 fulling m., 1 furnace, 1 tannery, 1 grist 
m., 5 saw m. Cap in manufac. $8,600. 1 acad. 
43 students, 22 sch. 483 scholars. Fop. 2,420. 

Sandy Creek, p-t., Mercer co., Pa., 228 w. n. 
w. Ilarrisburg, 302 W. It has three stores, cap. 
$6,540 ; 2 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 
6 grist m., 16 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,670. 
17 sch. 474 scholars. Pop. 1,965. 

Sandy Creek, t., Venango co., Pa. It has 2 
furnaces, 4 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$2,400. Pop. 029. 

Sandy Creek, p-o., Randolph co., N. C, 71 w. 
Raleigh, 322 W. 

Sandy Creek, p-o., Oglethorpe co., Ga., 69 w. 
Milledgeville, 602 VV. 

Sandy Grove, p-o., Chatham co., N. C, 58 w. 
Raleigh, 309 W. 

Sandy Grove, p-o., Warren co., Ga., 53 e. n. 
E. Milledgeville, 654 W. 

Sandy Hill, p-v., and semi-capital of Wash- 
ington CO., N. Y., 53 N. Albany, 423 W. Situated 
on the E. side of Hudson r. Incorporated in 1810, 
and contains a courthouse, 3 churches — 1 Pres- 
byterian, 1 Methodist, and 1 Roman Catholic — 8 
stores and groceries, 1 woollen fac, 1 grist m., 2 
saw m., 2 furnaces, 1 machine shop, 1 tannery, 
150 dwellings, and about 1,000 inhabitants. 
There is a fall of about 12 feet in the r., in the 
upper part of the v. ; and 100 rods below, with a 
continuous descent, are Baktr's Falls, with 50 
feet perpendicular descent — the latter creating a 
great water power, as yet unimproved. The 
navigable feeder of the Champlain canal, 1 m. 
E., passes through the place. 

Sandy' Hill, p v., Worcester co., Md., 124 s. 
E. Annapolis, 164 W. 

Sandy Hill, p-o., Henry co., Tenn., 86 w. 
Nashville, 772 W. 

Sandy Hook, 3Iiddletown t., Monmouth co., 
N. J., is a sandy beach extending n. from Old 
Shrewsbury inlet and the s. point of the high- 
lands of Neversiiik, 6 ms., and is from half a m. 
to a m. wide. It encloses Sandy Hook bay, 7 
ms. long and 6 wide. There is a lighthouse on 
its N. part. As the sand is accumulating and ex- 
tending the point .\., a new lighthouse has been 
erected on Flinn's Noll, half a m. n. of the for- 
mer. 

Sandy Lake, p-t., Mercer co.. Pa., 228 \. n. w. 
Harrisburg, 283 W. The surface is level ; soil, 
clay and loam. Drained by Sandy cr., which 
flows into Sandy lake in the n. w. angle of the 
t. It has 3 stores, cap. .$6,900 ; 1 furnace, 3 ful- 
ling m., 1 tannery, 4 grist m., 9 saw m., 1 oil m. 
8 sch. 184 scholars. Pop. 1,566. 

Sandy Plains, p-o., Patrick co., Va., 235 w. s. 
w. Richmond, 310 W. 

Sandy Plains, po., Rutherford co., N. C, 230 
w. by s. Raleigh, 467 W. 

Sandy Point, Mass. The n. extremity of 
Nantucket island. 

Sandy Ridge, p-o., Henry co., Ga., 59 w. N. w. 
MilledgeviUe 667 W. 



Sandy Ridge, p-o., Lowndes co., Ala., 136 s. 
e. Tuscaloosa, 867 W. 

Sandy River, p-o., Pittsylvania co., Va., 184 
,s. w. Richmond, 267 W. 

Sandy River (^iiurcii, po.. Prince Edward 
CO., Va., 80 w. s. w. Richmond, 170 W. It con- 
tains a church, founded in 176S by Episcopalians, 
now free to all denominations, 1 store, and seve- 
ral dwellings. 

Sandy Run, p-o., Cleveland co., N. C. 

Sandy Run, p-o., Lexington dist., S. C, 16 w 
Columbia, 522 W. 

Sandy Spring, p-o., IMontgomery co., Md., 60 
w. s. w. Annapolis, 20 W. 

Sandy Spring, p-o., Fayette co., Tenn., 201 
w. s. w. Nashville, 896 W. 

Sandyston, p-t., Sussex co., N. J., 87 n. Tren- 
ton, 256 W. Bounded vv. by Delaware r. The 
surface on the e. is mountainous, on the w. a 
rich alluvion. Watered by Big and Little Flat 
Kill creeks. It has 1 store, cap. $6,500; 3 grist 
m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $70,000. 9 sch. 
279 scholars. Pop. 1,209. 

Sandyville, p-v., Sandy t., Tuscarawas co., 
O., 123 N. E. Columbus, 318 W. 

Sanford, p-t., York co.. Me., 83 s. w. Augusta, 
512 W. Watered by 3Iousum r., which affords 
water power. Incorporated in 1768. It has 5 
stores, cap. $7,900 ; 1 fulling m., 2 woollen fac. 
Cap. in manufac. $3,200. 20 sch. 1,052 scholars. 
Pop. 2,233. 

Sanford, p-o., Ingham co., Mich., 100 w. by n 
Detroit, 586 W. 

Sanford's Corners, p-o., Le Ray t., Jefferson 
CO., N. Y., 169 N. w. Albany. 

Sangamon, r.. III., rises in a small lake in Ver- 
milion CO., and flows s. w., and then turns n. w., 
and finally w., until it vmites witti Illinois river, 
between Cass ind Mason counties. It receives 
numerous tributaries. It flows through one of the 
richest and most pleasant portions of the state. 
It is navigable for small steamboats to the junc- 
tion of the N. and s. forks ; and in high water one 
has proceeded to within 5 ms. of Springfield. 

Sangamon, county, 111. Situated near the cen- 
tre of the state, and contains 900 sq. ms. Drain- 
ed by Sangamon r. and its numerous branches, 
which afford abundant water power. The sur- 
face is gently uudnlaling; soil, calcareous loam, 
from 1 to 3 feet deep, mixed with fine sand, and 
very fertile. Organized in 1S21. It is one of the 
richest and most flourishing counties in the state. 
Capital, Springfield. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 20,S78, sheep 18,233, swine 69,016 ; wheat 
74,522 bush, prod., rye 8,533, Ind. corn 1,390,160, 
barley 2,359, oats 193,875, potatoes 44,852, tobac- 
co 2,000 pounils; 50 stores, cap. $325,000 ; 9 tan- 
neries, 4 distilleries, 4 potteries, 5 flouring m., 23 
grist m., 40 saw m., 21 oil m., 3 printing offices, 4 
weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $195,625. 
3 acad. 192 students, 20 sch. 844 scholars. Pop. 
14,716. 

Sangerfield, p-t., Oneida co., N. Y., 15 s. 
Utica, 88 w. n. w. Albany, 372 W. The surface 
is hilly ; soil, a fertile loam. Drained by Che- 
nango r. and Oriskany cr. Tlie v. contains 1 
Presbyterian church, 1 store, 30 dwellings, and 
about 200 inhabitants. There are in the t. 6 
stores, cap. S57,0tX); 2 fulling m., 1 furnace, 1 
tannery, 2 distilleries, 1 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $126,150. 2 acad. 150 students, 12 
sch. 662 scholars. Pop. 2,251. 

Sangerville, p-t., Piscataquis co., Me., 77 n. 
w. Augusta, 672 VV. Situated on the height of 
land between Penobscot and Kennebec rs. In- 
corporated in 1814. The surface is uneven ; soil, 
fertile. It has a pond, the outlet of which forms 



SAR 



598 



SAR 



a head stream of Sebastieook r. It has 4 tanner- 
ies, 11 sch. 510 scholars. Pop. 1,197. 

S.\NGRUN, p-o., Alleghany cc, Md. 

S.\NiL.ic, county, Mich. Situated in the N. E. 
part of the .settled portion of the peninsula, and 
contains 730 sq. ms. Lake Huron bounds it on 
the E. Drained by Cass and Delude rivers. Un- 
organized. 

Sa.nta, p-o., Jackson co., Ala., 154 n. e. Tus- 
caloosa, 679 W. 

Santa Anna, p-o., De Witt co.. 111., 84 n. e. 
Springfield, 719 W. 

Santa Fe, p-o., Alexander co., 111., 228 s 
Springfield, 862 W. 

Sapling Grove, p-o., Washington co., Va., 317 
w. by s. Richmond, 385 W. 

Sappington, p-v., St. Louis co., Mo., 140 e. 
Jefferson City, 820 W. 

Saracta, p-o., Duplin co., N. C, 94 s. e. Ra- 
leigh, 320 W. 

Sarah, p-o., Bedford co.. Pa., 122 w. Harris- 
burg, 148 W. 

Sarahsville, p-v., Noble t., Morgan co., O., 
99 E. s. E. Columbus, 325 W. It is near Buffalo 
Fork of Wills cr., and contains 1 store, and about 
40 inhabitants. 

Sarahsville, p-v., Franklin co., 111., 181 s. 
Springfield, 830 W. 

Saranac, r., N. Y., rises in Saranac lake, in 
Franklin co., near the source of Racket r., which 
flows to the St. Lawrence, and flows n. e. until, 
in Plattsburgh, it turns w., and enters Cumber- 
land bay of Lake Champlain at the v. It affords 
extensive water power, and has a fine fall imme- 
diately above its mouth in Plattsburgh v., where 
are mills. 

Saranac Lake, Hamilton co., N. Y., is 10 ms. 
long and 2 or 3 wide, and is connected with 
Lower Saranac lake through Round lake. 

Saranac, p-t., Clinton co., N. Y., 15 w. Platts- 
burgh, 181 N. Albany, 830 W. The surface is 
hilly and mountainous, and heavily timbered ; 
soil, in the valley of the Saranac, which waters 
it, a fertile loam. Iron ore abounds. It has 5 
stores, cap. $6,560 ; 1 forge, 1 tannery, 1 glass 
fac, 1 grist m., 9 saw m. Capital in manuiiic. 
$165,250. 5 sch. 100 scholars. Pop. 1,462. 

Saratoga, county, N. Y. Situated toward the 
E. part of the state, and contains 800 sq. miles. 
The surface is various, mountainous in the n. w., 
the central and s. e. parts hilly, witli .some sandy 
plains ; soil, sandy or gravelly loam, with some 
clay, and moderately fertile. Its mineral waters 
are celebrated everywhere. Marl and bog iron 
ore are found. Hudson r. bounds it on the e., 
and partly on the n., and Mohawk r. on ihe s. 
Drained by Sacandaga r., and Fish and Kaya- 
derosseras crs. Railroads from Troy and Sche- 
nectady form a junction at Ballston, and proceed 
to Saratoga. Capital, Ballston Spa. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 40,810, sheep 96,656, swine 
51,601 ; wheat 72,001 bush, produced, rye 162,950,- 
Indian corn 328,631, buckwheat 85,974, barley 
17,005, oats 496,089, potatoes 1,019,632, hops 5,767 
pounds, silk cocoons 100, sugar 20,910 ; 166 stores, 
cap. $324,415 ; 12 lumber yards, cap. $13,475: 2 
furnaces, 33 fulling m., 21 woollen fac, 1 cotton 
fac. 2,023 sp., 27 tannerie-s, 2 distilleries, 1 pottery, 
4 flouring m., 37 grist m., 139 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 
paper fac, 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. 
Cap. in manufac. $683,676. 10 acad. 527 students. 
164 sch. 6,319 scholars. Pop. 40,553. 

Saratoga Lake, Saratoga co., N. Y., 4 s. e. 
Saratoga, 5 e. Ballston Spa, is 9 ms. long and 2 
wide. It affords fine fish, and is much resorted 
to in the summer by visiters to Saratoga springs. 

Saratoga, t., Saratoga co., N. Y., 6 n. Ballston 



Spa, 36 N. Albany. The surface is level or un- 
dulating, excepting on the n. w., where it is hilly ; 
soil, liglit sand, or sandy loam, productive with 
good cultivation. Drained by Ellis's cr. flowing 
into Kayaderosseras cr., which bounds it on the 
s. It has 8 stores, cap. $17,300 ; 2 fulling m., 2 
woollen fac, 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $41,900. 1 academy 50 students, 7 sch. 454 
scholars. Pop. 2,624. 

Saratoga Springs, t., Saratoga co., N. Y. 
The surface is mostly level or undulating, except 
in the n. w., where it is hilly ; soil, light sand, or 
sandy loam. Drained by some small streams en- 
tering Kayaderosseras cr., which bounds it on the 
.s. in part. It has 42 stores, cap. $54,640 ; 1 fulling 
m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac $46,589. 4 acad. 175 students, 
5 sch. 255 scholars. Pop. 3,334. 

Saratoga Springs, p-v., Saratoga co., N. Y., 
36 N. Albany, 406 W. The most celebrated wa- 
tering place in the United States. The v. is built 
chiefly on several streets, and contains a number 
of the largest and most splendid hotels and board- 
ing houses in the country, which, in the watering 
season, are abundantly filled. The v. was incor- 
porated in 1826, and contains 6 churches — 1 Pres- 
byterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, 1 
Universalist, and 1 Roman Catholic — an insu- 
rance company, an academy, a female seminary, 
35 stores, 3 printing offices, 300 dwellings, and 
about 2,500 inhabitants. The principal springs 
are Congress, Washington, Putnam's, Pavilion, 
Iodine, Hamilton, and Flat Rock springs. 1 mile 
e. are the Ten springs. The springs differ some 
in their properties. The following is an analysis, 
by Dr. Steel, of the Congress water, which is 
more used than any other. 1 gallon, or 231 cubic 
inches, of water contained the following sub- 
stances : — 

Chloride of sodium, (sea salt,) 385.0 grains. 

Hydriodate of soda, .... 3.5 " 

Bicarbonate of do 8.982 " 

magnesia, . . 95.788 " 

Carbonate of lime, .... 98.098 " 
" " iron, .... 5.075 " 

Silex 1.5 " 

Hydrobromate of potash — a trace. 



Total grains, 



597.943 



311 cubic inches. 

7 " 



Carbonic acid gas, 
Atmospheric air. 



Gaseous contents, 318 " " 

Sarcoxie, p-v., Barry CO., Mo., 200. s. w. Jeffer- 
son City, 1,135 W. Situated on the s. side of 
Centre cr. 

Sardinia, p-t., Erie co., N. Y., 28 s. E. Buffalo, 
276 w. Albany, 343 W. The surface is hilly ; 
soil, moist clay loam, well adapted to grass. 
Drained by Cattaraugus cr., which bounds it on 
the s. The v. contains 1 Baptist church, 2 stores, 
1 woollen fac, 1 furnace, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 30 
dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. There are 
in the t. 1 store, cap. $1,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 fur- 
nace, 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $10,500. 13 sch. 446 scholars. Pop. 
1,743. 

Sardinia, p-v., Washington t.. Brown co., O., 
92 s. w. Columbus, 459 W. It contains 1 church, 
1 store, 1 oil m., 1 carding machine, 15 dwellings, 
and about 100 inhabitants. 

Sardis, p-o., Burke co., Ga., 97 E. Milledge- 
ville, 620 W. 

Sarepta, p-o., Lafayette co., Miss., 160 n. n. 
E. Jackson, 913 W. 

Sargeantsville, p-v., Amwell t., Hunterdwi 



SAU 



599 



SAV 



CO., N. J.,23 Trenton, 180 W. It contains 1 store, 
8 or 10 dwellings, and the Mantua Manual Labor 
Institute. 

Satartia, p-v., Yazoo co.. Miss., 52 n. w. Jack- 
son, 1,041 W. Situated on the e. side of Yazoo 
r. It contains several stores, and about 150 in- 
habitants. , r. ,^ 1 

Saugatuck, r., Ct., rises in Ridgefield, and 
enters Long Island sound in Westport t., between 
2 and 3 ms. below the v. 

Saugatuck, p-o., Allegan co., Mich., 183 w. 
Detroit, 648 W. 

Saugerties, p-t., Ulster co., N. Y., 10 n. King- 
ston, 45 s. by w. Albany, 331 W. The surface 
is level near Hudson r., which bounds it on the 
E. It is mountainous w., extending on to the 
Cattskill mountains. Tlie soil is fertile. Drain- 
ed by Platteldll and Esopus creeks, which flow 
into Hudson r. The p-o. has the same name as 
the t., but the v. in which it is located has received 
the name of Ulster. There are in the t.23 stores, 
cap. $95,000; 1 woollen fac, 12 bloomeries, 3 
tanneries, 1 paper fac, 4 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $132,700. 17 sch. 1,109 scholars. 
Pop. 6,216. 

Saugus, p-t., Essex co., Mass., 11 n. Boston, 
451 W. Watered by Saugus r., which enters 
Lynn bay. The surface is level near the r. and 
bay, with extensive salt marsh, but the uplands 
are rocky and rough. Incorporated from Lynn 
in 18 1 5. It contains 2 cluirches— 1 Congregation- 
al and 1 Methodist. It has 3 stores, cap. $2,000 ; 
1 lumber yard, cap. $5,000 ; 1 fulling m., I wool- 
len fac, 1 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $68,000. 5 
sch. 375 scholars. Pop. 1,098. 1 

S-auk, county, Wi.s. Situated toward the N. 
w. part of the settled portion of tlie ter. Bound- 
ed s. and s. E. by Wisconsin r., which flows into 
Mississippi r. Watered by Baraboa r. and other 
branches of Wisconsin r. It contains 860 sq. ms. 
Capital, Prairie du Sac. There were in 1840, 
neat rattle 148, swine 82; wheat 464 bush, pro- 
duced, oats 1,795, potatoes 1,235; 1 store, cap. 
$500. Pop. 102. 

Sault de St. Marie, p-v., capital of Cliippe- 
wa CO., Mich., 400 n. Detroit, 921 W. Situated on 
the s. side of the rapids of St. Mary's strait, a 
little below Lake Superior. The v. is on the 
site of an old French fort, and has an elevated 
and pleasant situation. It contains a court house, 
jail, 3 cluirches— 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, and 1 
Roman Catliolic— 3 stores. Fort Brady, with a 

farrison, and a trading house of the American 
'ur Company, who own one of the stores. Con- 
nected with the Baptist church is a missionary 
school for Indian children, for which $1,000 an- 
nually are appropriated by the general govern- 
ment. The Methodists have also a missionary 
school, and there is a school in the fort for the 
children of the officers and citizens. Vessels 
come to the foot of the rapids, and the cargoes are 
transported three fourths of a m. by land, to the 
head of the rapids, and re-shipped. The mail 
arrives here weekly ui summer, and once in 6 
weeks in winter. The thermometer often sinks 
in winter to 25° or 30° below zero. Great quan- 
tities of whitefish, and other kinds, are caught 
here, of a superior quality. The population, con- 
sisting of Americans, French, and Indians, is 
about 800, though at times many more. 

Saunders, p-o., Sumner co., Tenn., 61 N. e. 
Nashville, 670 W. 

Saundersville, p-v., Vanderburg co., la., 162 
s. s. w. Indianapolis, 732 W. 

SAftUOiT, p-v., Paris t., Oneida co., N. Y., 90 
w. N. w. Albany, 379 W. Situated on both sides 
of Sadaquada or Saquoit cr., and contains 2 



churches, 4 stores, 2 cotton fac, 1 paper m., 2 
flouring m., 1 clothier's works, 50 dwellings, and 
about 300 inhabitants. Here is an inflammable 
sulphur spring, the gas from which is used in 
lighting a public house. 

Savage, p-o., Anne Arandel co., Md., 20 n. w. 
Annapolis, 20 W. There are extensive iron works 
in the vicinity. 

Savannah, r., Ga., forms the n. e. boundary 
of the slate, separating it from S. C. It is formed 
by the union of Tugalo and Kiowee rivers, near 
the s. E. corner of Franklin co., 100 ms. above 
Augusta, and flowing s. e., it enters the Atlantic 
through Tybee sound, in 32° n. lat. The largest 
vessels come to Five Fathom hole, 3 ms. below 
Savannah, and 18 ms. from the ocean ; and large 
brigs come to the wharves in Savannah. Steam- 
boats come to Augusta, 127 ms. by land, and 340 
by water, from its mouth, and pole boats go 150 
ms. above Augusta. The tide flows up the r. but 
25 ms. 

Savannah, p-t., Wayne co., N. Y., 11 K. Ly- 
ons, 168 w. Albany, 348 W. The surface is level 
and swampy on the s. e., covered by the Monte- 
zuma marshes. The soil on the N. w. is fertile. 
Near the centre is Crusoe lake, the outlet of which 
flows into Seneca r. It has 1 store, cap. $2,000; 
1 tannery, 1 saw m., 8 sch. 511 scholars. Pop. 
1,718. 

Savannah, p-o., Richland co., O., 86 n. by E. 
Columbus, 375 W. 

Savannah, city, port of entry, and capital of 
Chatham county, Georgia, is situated on the s. 
w. bank of the Savannah river, 17 miles from its 
mouth. It is in 32° 8' n. lat. and 81° 10' w. Ion. 
I from Greenwich, and 4° 10' w. from Washington. 
It is 118 s. w. from Charleston ; 123 s. E. Augus- 
ta ; 158 E. s. E. Milledgeville; 662 s. by w. from 
W. The population in 1810, was 5,195 ; in 1820, 
7,523; in 1830, 7,776 ; in 1840, 11,214— of which 
4,694 were slaves. Employed in commerce, 604 ; 
in manufactures and trades, 707 ; navigating the 
ocean, canals, &c., 241 ; learned professions, 131. 
The city is built on a sandy plain, elevated 
about 40 feet above the level of the tide. It was 
formerly considered unhealthy, which chiefly 
arose from the rice grounds in the neighborhood ; 
but the citizens subscribed $70,000 to induce the 
owners of the plantations to substitute a dry for 
a wet cultivation of that article, by which the 
health of the city has been much improved. 
The city is regularly laid out in the form of a 
parallelogram, with streets, many of them wide, 
crossing each other at right angles. There are 
10 public squares, containing 2 acres each, at 
equal distances from each other. These squares, 
and many of the streets, are bordered with trees, 
and particularly with the Pride of India, which 
gives them a beautiful appearance. Many of the 
houses are of brick, and a considerable number 
of them are elegant. On the E. and w. of the 
city are marshes ; and a pine barren extends 2 
miles to the s. 

It has a good harbor. Vessels requiring 14 
feet of water come up to the wharves of the city, 
and larger vessels come up to Fathom Hole, 3 
ms. below. The city is defended by Fort Wayne 
on the E. side, and by Fort Jackson at Fathom 
Hole, 3 ms. below. Much of the trade of Georgia 
centres in Savannah — the principal articles of 
which are cotton and rice. 20 steamboats of a 
large size, and 50 steam tow-boats, navigate the 
river. On Tybee island, at the mouth of the 
river, is a light-house. One line of packets, con- 
sisting of 2 ships and 4 brigs, one vessel sailing 
from each place weekly — and another, consisting 
of 6 brigs, ply between this place and New York. 



SAY 



600 



SCH 



The Savannah river furnishes great facilities for I 
internal trade, and this river is connected to the 
Ocmulgee by a canal 16 miles long, which ter- 
minates at Savannah. 

There are 11 churches — 1 Baptist, 1 Episcopal, 
2 Presbyterian, 1 Methodist, 1 Lutheran, 1 Bethel, 
1 Roman Catholic, 1 Jews' Synagogue, and 2 
African. The Exchange is a heavy Gothic build- 
ing, 5 stories high ; the academy is 180 feet long 
by 60 wide, 3 stories high. The City Hall, the 
Hospital, the Court House, the Theatre, and 2 
banks, are other public buildings. The two banks 
have an aggregate capital of $1,670,000. The 
tonnage of the port in 1840, was 17,930. There 
were 2 foreign commercial and 50 commission 
houses,with a capital of $943,500 ; 191 retail stores, 
cap. $8.55,190; 8 lumber yards, cap. $49,000; 
paints, drugs, &c., cap. $35,800 : 3 brick and 45 
wooden houses built, cost $138,100; 4 printing 
offices, 2 binderies, 3 daily, 3 weekly, 3 semi- 
weekly newspapers, cap. $22,000. Total cap. in 
manufac. $105,460. 3 acad. 385 students, 7 sch. 
470 scholars. 

This city was founded in 1733 by Gen. James 
Oglethorpe and others. It was taken by the 
British in 1776, but they abandoned it in 1782. 
On the 10th of June, 1820, 463 buildings were 
burned, occasioning a loss of property amounting 
to $4,000,000 ; but it has been rebuilt with ad- 
ditional beauty. 

Sav.\nnah, p-v., capital of Hardin co., Tenn., 
131 s. w. by w. Nashville, 807 W. Situated on 
the E. bank of Tennessee r., and contains a court 
house, jail, and about 250 inhabitants. 

Sav.\nnah, p-v., capital of Carroll co., 111., 202 
N. Springfield, 872 W. Situated on the E. side 
of Mississippi r., above the mouth of Plum creek. 
it contains a court house and jail, and a number 
of stores and dwellings. 

Savannah, p-v., capital of Andrew co., Mo. 
Situated 5 miles from Missouri r. It contains a 
temporary courthouse, and about 100 inhabitants. 
Saverton, p-v., Ralls co., Mo., 107 n. n. e. 
Jefferson City, 911 W. Situated on the w. bank 
of the Mississippi r. Pop. of t. 880. 

Saville, t.. Perry co., Pa. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $5,000 ; 1 fulling m.. 1 woollen fac, 1 fur- 
nace, 2 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 1 grist m., 17 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $20,313. 7 sch. 280 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,283. 

Savoy, p-t., Berkshire co., Mai-s., 122 w. n.w. 
Boston. 395 W. The surface is elevated and un- 
even ; soil, well adapted to grazing. Branches 
of Hoosic, Deerfield, and Westfield rivers flow 
from it. Incorporated in 1797. It contauis a 
Baptist church. It has 3 stores, cap. $5,900; 1 
griat m., 11 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,050. 9 
sch. 170 scholars. Pop. 915 
Saw Mill, p-o.. Dale co., Ala. 
Saxenbuug, p-v., Butler co., Pa., 205 w. by n. 
Harrisburg, 236 VV. 

Saxe's Mills, p-o., Franklin co., Vt., 76 n. 
Montpelier, 550 W. 

Sa.xonville, p-v., Middlesex co., Mass., 22 n. 
w. Boston, 428 W. 

Saxton's River, p-o., Windham co., Vt. 
Saybrook, p-t., Middlesex co., Ct., 42 s. s. e. 
Hartford, 334 W. The surface is uneven and 
stony ; soil, to a considerable extent, fertile. 
Connecticut r. bounds it on the e., and here en- 
ters Long Island sound. Tlie bar at its mouth 
has 12 feet of water at the highest tides. Wa- 
tered by Chester, Petlipaug, and Pochaug rivers. 
The harbor is on a cove which sets up from Con- 
necticut r. The r. is not frozen here in the winter. 
The shad fishery in the spring is very valuable. 
I-arge quantities of whitefish are taken, and used 



for manure. The v. at the point contains 1 Con- 
gregational and 1 Episcopal church. The borough 
of Essex, 7 ms. from the mouth of the r., contains 
4 churches — 1 Congregational, 1 Episcopal, 1 
Baptist, and 1 Methodist — an academy, 8 or 10 
stores, an extensive ropewalk, and about 1,000 
inhabitants. Considerable ship building is car- 
ried on. A number of vessels are ov.Tied here, 
employed chiefly in the coa.sting trade. The t. 
was first settled in 1635. A ferry crosses Con- 
necticut r. to Lyme. There are in the t. 16 
stores, cap. $81,046 ; 2 lumber yards, cap. $10,000 ; 
4 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $131,250. 
2 acad. 66 students, 13 sch. 578 scholars. Pop. 
3,417. 

Saybrook, p-t., Ashtabula co., O., 200 n. e. 
Columbus, 347 W. Lake Erie lies a little n. of 
it. Organized in 1826. The name was changed 
from Wrightsburg in 1826. Many of the inhabit- 
ants came from Saybrook, Ct. It has 8 sch. 413 
scholars. Pop. 934. 

Saylorsburg, p-v., Monroe co., Pa., 112 n. e. 
Harrisburg, 205 W. 

Sayville, p-o., Islip t., SuflTolk co., N. Y., 199 
s. s. E. Albany, 279 W. 

Scaffle Cain, po., Rockcastle co., Ky., 70 s. 
s. E. Frankfort, 568 W. 

Scaffold Prairie, p-o., Greene co., la., 83 s. 
w. Indianapolis, 646 W. 

Scantic Village, p-v., E. Windsor t., Hart- 
ford CO., Ct., 12 N. E. Hartford, 348 W. 

Scarborough, p-t., Cumberland co.. Me., 10 
s. w. Portland, 59 s. w. Augusta, 536 W. It is 
bounded s. e. by the Atlantic. The soil is fer- 
tile, with considerable salt marsh. It has 4 stores, 
cap. $400 : 2 tanneries, 4 grist m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $4,260. 14 sch. 854 scholars. Pop. 2,172. 

Scarborough, p-o., Scriven co., Ga., 63 E. by 
s. Milledgeville, 637 W. 

Scarsdale, t., Westchester co., N. Y., 4 s. 
White Plains, 135 s. Albany. The surface is 
rolling; soil, sandy and clay loam. Drainedby 
Bronx r., which bounds it on the w. Pop. 225. 

Schaghticoke, p-t., Rensselaer co., N. Y., 20 
N. Albany, 39" W. The surface is undulating ; 
soil, sand, clay, and loam. Hudson r. bounds it 
on the w. Drained by Hoosic r. and Tomhanic 
rr. The V. is situated on Hoosic- r., 4 miles e. 
Hudson r., and contains 3 churches, 6 stores, 2 
cotton fac. 6,000 sp. 150 looms, 1 machine shop, 
1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 clothier's works, 2 pow- 
der m., 175 dwellings, and about 1,400 inhabit- 
ants. It possesses a great water power. The t. 
has 10 stores, cap. $18,700; 1 fulling m., 4 cotton 
fac. 5,807 sp., 2 powder m., 2 grist m., 3 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $209,550. 15 sch. 839 scholars. 
Pop. 3,3_S9. 

Scoellsbury, p-o., Bedford co.. Pa., 112 w. 
Harrisburg, 138 W. 

Schenectady, county, N. Y. Situated toward 
the E. part of the state, and contains 200 square 
ms. The surface is diversified ; soil, various. 
The flats along the Moliawk r. are extensive, and 
very fertile. Watered by Mohawk r. The Erie 
canal and the western and northern railroads 
pass through it. Capital, Schenectady. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 10,808, sheep 18,094, 
swine 13,063; wheat 13,113 bush, produced, rye 
52,278, Ind. corn 62,597, buckwheat 41,2-!8, bar- 
ley 100,524, oats 216,968, potatoes 210,535, sugar 
4,423 pounds ; 45 stores, cap. $78,801) ; 2 furnaces, 
j 7 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 2,000 
I sp., 4 tanneries, 1 brewery, 1 flouring m., 8 grist 
I m., 23 saw m., 1 oil m , 1 printing office, 1 weekly 
I newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $113,700. 1 col- 
lege 30 students, 3 acad. 83 students, 57 scliools 
I l,a72 scholars. Pop. 17,387. 



SCH 



601 



SCH 



Schenectady, city, and capitrJ ol .Schenecta- 
dy CO., N. Y., 16 N. w. Albany, ^34 W. Situated 
on the s. bank of Mohawk r. It is an ancient place, 
having been s^ettled by llie Dutcli as a trading 
post in U)"20. It was chartered as a city in 1793, 
and contains a city hall, jail, clerk's and surro- 
gate's office, a market, lyceutn, female academy, 
S banking houses, besides a savings bank, 9 
churches — 1 Dutch Reformed, 1 Presbyterian, 1 
Episcopal, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, 1 Cameronian, 
1 Universalist, 1 Roman Catholic, and 1 African — 
100 stores and groceries, 1 cotton fac, 2 flouring 
m., 2 iron foundries, 1 brewery, 1 tobacco fac, 1 
steam flouring m., 3 tanneries, 2 machine shops, 
1 plougli and wagon fac, 1,001) dwellings, and 
(',734 inhabitants. The buildings of Union Col- 
lege, 3 in number and spacious, are pleasantly 
situated on an eminence, half a mile e. of the 
city. This institution was founded iii 17'J5, con- 
tains a president and II professors or other m- 
structors, has had 2,02J alumni, of whom 308 
have been ministers of the gospel, has 258 stu- 
dents, and 13,0(10 volumes in its libraries. The 
commencement is on the 4lh Wednesday of July. 
Its philosophical and other apparatus is very 
complete. Attached to this college is about 2.50 
acres of land, part of which is designed to be ap- 
propriated to groves and walks. 

ScHLOssER, N. v., the she of an old fort, a lit- 
tle above Niagara Falls, rendered famous by the 
burning of the C'aroliue steamboat by the British, 
during the late Canadian rebellion. 

ScHiMiCKSBURG,p-v., Mahouing t., Indiana co.. 
Pa., 179 w. Harrisburg, 232 W. Situated on Lit- 
tle 3Iahoriing cr., and contains a store and 8 or 10 
dwellings. 

ScnoD.iC, t., Rensselaer co., N. Y., 14 s. Troy, 
7 s. by E. Albany. The surface is undulating 
and hilly ; soil, clay, loam, sand, and gravel. 
Drained by small creeks, flowing into Hudson r., 
which bounds it on the w. It has 13 stores, cap. 
$32,150 ; 3 fulling m., 2 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $14,500. 23 schools 1,133 scholars. 
Pop. 4,125. 

ScHODAC Centre, p-o., Schodac t., Rensse- 
laer CO., N. Y., 6 s. by e. Albany, 371 W. Here 
is a small settlement. 

Schodac Landing, p-v., Schodac t., Rensse- 
laer CO., iN. Y., 12 s. by e. Albany, 353 W. Sit- 
uated on the e. side of Hudson r., and contains 1 
church, 2 stores, 2 warehouses, 5') dwellings, and 
about 350 inhabitants. Several sloops owned 
here ply between this place and New York. 

ScHOENECK, p-o., Lancaster co., Pa., 45 e. 
Harrisburg, 135 W. 

Schoharie, county, N. Y. Situated toward 
the E. part of the stale, and contains 621 sq. ms. 
Organized in 1795. The surface is hilly and 
mountainous ; soil, fertile, especially on the 
streams. On the uplands it is adapted lo grazing. 
Watered by Schoharie creek and ils tributaries. 
Water limestone, bog iron ore, and sulphur springs 
are found. The latter, at Sharon, are becoming 
celebrated. Capital, Schoharie. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 37,633, sheep 71,253, swine 
31,865 ; wheat 72,871 bush, produced, rye 129,342, 
Indian corn 67,890, buckwheat 80,6)9, barley 
217,47 -t, oats 497,953, potatoes 600,396, sugar 
13:1765 pounds; 81 stores, cap. §18^,500; 30 
fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 32 tanneries, 1 brew- 
ery, 36 grist m., 160 saw in., 1 paper fac, 2 print- 
ing offices, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in man- 
idiic $163,000. 5 acad. 306 students, 199 schools 
9,294 scholars. Pop. 32,353. 

Schoharie, p-t., capital of Schoharie co., N. Y., 

32 w. Albany, 3-<3 W. The surface is uneven. 

with fertile tlals on the streams. Watered by 

76 



Schoharie and Fox creeks. The v. contains a 
court house, jail, county clerk's office, 1 Luther- 
an church, an academy, 4 stores, various me- 
chanic shops, 1 grist m., 2 or 3 saw m., 60 dwell- 
ings, and about 450 inhabitants. There are in 
the t. 17 stores, cap. $52,300 ; 8 fulling m., 4 tan- 
neries, 1 paper fac, 2 printing offices, 1 weekly 
newspaper, 7 grist m., 32 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac $35,700. 2 acad. 124 students, 25 sch. 1,345 
scholars. Pop. 5,534. 

Schoharie, cr., rises in Greene co., among the 
Catskill mountains, and flows n. into the Mohawk 
r., in Montgomery co. It is a rapid stream, and 
with its tributaries, afTords water power. 

ScHOODic Lakes, Washington co.. Me. They 
are a collection of lakes connected by beatable 
communications, the outlet of which forms a large 
eastern branch of St. Croix r. They cover a 
large surface, their borders are densely wooded, 
and they furnish a great amount of lumber. 

Schoolcraft, p-v., Kalamazoo co., Mich., 149 
w. Detroit, 508 W. The v. is situated near the 
centre of Prairie Ronde, hi the midst of a fertile 
farming country. It contains 3 stores, and about 
250 inhabitants. 

Schooley's Moltntain, N. J., forms a part of 
a chain which extends in a n. e. and s. w. direc- 
tion across the state, from the Delaware to the 
Hudson r. It crosses the n. w. part of Morris co., 
with a height of 600 feet above its base, and 
about 1,100 feet above the level of the ocean. It 
is crossed by a turnpike road leading from New 
York to Easton. A mineral spring near its top 
has given it considerable celebrity. 

Schooley's Mount, p-v., Washington t., Mor- 
ris CO., N. J., 56 N. Trenton, 218 W. The spring 
here located has a temperature of 56° Fahrenheit, 
and di.<charges 30 gallons an hour. The spring 
contains nuiriaie of soda, muriate of lime, muriate 
of magnesia, sulphnte c^ lime, carbonate of mag- 
nesia, silex, and carbonated oxyde of iron. The 
pure air and the romantic scenery of this region 
render it a healthful and pleasant place of sum- 
mer resort. There are 3 well kept hotels, besides 
private boarding houses in the vicinity. The re- 
gion abounds with magnetic iron ore. Seven 
miles from the spring, on the mountain, is Budd's 
pond, 2 ms. long and 1 broad, of great depth, 
clear as crystal, aliomiding with fish, and furnish- 
ed with a boat;. There is a church and a school 
in the vicinity of the spring. 

Schoolfield's Store, p-o., Bledsoe co., 
Tenn., 124 s. e. Nashville, 539 W. 

Schroeppel, t., Oswego co., N. Y., 16 s. E. 
Oswego, 150 w. N. w. Albany. The surface is 
rolling; soil, sandy loam. Watered by Oneida 
and Oswego rivers, which bound it on the s. and 
w. It has 4 stores, cap. $8,150; 2 fulling m., 1 
tannery, 1 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $8,700. 
555 scholars in schools. Pop. 2,093. 

Schroon, r., N. Y., rises in Essex co., and 
flowing s. enters Hudson r. in WaiTcn co. 

Schroon, lake, N. Y., lies partly in Essex co., 
and partly in Warren co., and is 10 ms. long, and 
from 1 to 2 wide. Its waters abound with fish, 
and its shores with game. 

ScHROON. t., Essex CO., N. Y., 95 n. Albany. 
The surface is mountainous on the e. and w. 
with an intervening valley, which abounds with 
ponds and lakes. SVatered by the head branches 
of Schroon r. The soil is sandy loam, with some 
clay, antl covered with dense forests. The v., 
situated on Schroon lake, contains 1 store, 1 
forge, 2 saw m., and several dwellings. There 
are in the t. 2 stores, cap. $5,000; 2 fulling m., 2 
forges, 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 56 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $91,250. 16 sch. 450 scholars. Pop. 1,660. 



SCH 



602 



SCI 



ScHROON Lake, p-o., Schroon t., Essex co., 
N. Y., 95 N. Albany, 470 W. 

ScnuLTZViLLE, p-0., Clinton t., Dutchess co., 
N. Y. 

SciiUMLA, p-0.. Wood CO., Va. 

Schuyler, county. 111. Situated in the w. 
part of the state, and contains 360 sq. ms. Illi- 
nois r. runs on its s. e. border. Drained by 
Crooked, Crane, McKee's, and Sugar creeks. 
The surface is undulating ; soil, very fertile, and 
much of it heavily timbered. Capital Rushville. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 6,760, sheep 
5,246, swine 17,888; wheat 36,800 bush, pro 
duced, Ind. corn 298,033, oats 37,288, potatoes 
23,545, tobacco 1,424 pounds \ 1 commission 
house, cap. $1,500 ; 19 stores, cap. g;28,850 ; 7 
tanneries, 2 distilleries, 9 grist m., 17 saw m., I 
printing office, I daily newspaper. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $76,610. 14 sch. 545 scholars. Pop. 6,972. 

Schuyler, t., Herkimer co., N. Y., 7 w. Her- 
kimer, 87 w. N. w. Albany. The surface is 
hilly, but mostly capable of cultivation ; soil, 
very fertile in the valley of the Mohawk r., 
which bounds it oa the s. It has 1 store, cap. 
$2,800 ; 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$8,100. 10 sch. 395 scholars. Pop. 1,798. 

Schuyler's Falls, p-o., Plattsburg t., Clinton 
CO., N. Y., 157 N. Albany, 532 W. 

Schuyler's Lake, p-o., Exeter t., Otsego co., 
N. Y., 75 w. Albany, 365 W. 

Schuylersville, p-v., Saratoga t. and co., 
N. Y., 34 N. Albany, 406 W. Situated oa the w. 
side of Hudson r. Incorporated in 1831, and 
contains 3 churches, an academy, 10 stores, and, 
on Fish cr., I cotton fac, 1 woollen fac, 1 flour- 
ing m., 1 iron foundry, 1 machine shop, 90 
dwellings, and about 600 inhabitants. 

Schuylkill, r.. Pa., rises by 3 principal 
branches in Scliuylldll co., and pursuing a s. e. 
course, it enters Delaware r. 7 ms. below Phila- 
delphia. It is about 140 ms. long, and receives 
several tributaries, the mo-st important of which 
are Tulpehocken cr., from the w., and Perkiomen 
cr., from the e. Vessels of from 300 to 400 tons 
ascend to the western wharves of Philadelphia, 
where its average depth, at common tides, is 
from 13 to 14 feet. By means of canals and 
pools, it is navigable from Fairmount dam, above 
Philadelphia, to Port Carbon, in Schuylkill co., 
108 ms. An immense amount of coal is trans- 
ported on it. A canal is constructed along Tul- 
pehocken cr. connecting it with Swatara cr., and 
thus uniting the Schuylkill r. with Susquehanna 
river. 

Schuylkill, county. Pa. Situated toward 
the E. part of the state, and contains 660 sq. ms. 
Drained by Schuylkill r. and its branches, and 
small streams which flow into Susquehanna r. 
The surface is hilly and mountainous ; and ex- 
cepting near the streams, the soil is rough, rocky, 
and sterile. It is celebrated for its immense de- 
posits of mineral coal, which is extensively mined 
and sent to market. Capital, Orwigsburg. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 6,595, sheep 6,107, 
swine 7,864 ; wheat 23,744 bush, produced, rye 
85,858, Ind. corn 45,971, buckwheat 26,731, oats 
75,810, potatoes 102,267 ; 99 stores, cap. $334,700 ; 
431,370 tons of anthracite coal produced ; 4 fur- 
naces, 3 forges, 11 tanneries, 1 distillery, 5 brew- 
eries, 2 powder m., 4 printing offices, 1 bindery, 
4 weekly newspapers, 5 flouring m., 33 grist m., 
189 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $223,820. 3 
acad. 127 students, 31 sch. 880 scholars. Pop. 
29,053. 

Schuylkill, p-t., Chester co.. Pa., 78 s. s. e. 
Harrisburg, 157 W. Situated on Schuylkill r. 
The surface is level ; soil, sandy loam. Watered 



by French and Stony creeks. It contains 3 vil- 
lages. It has 6 sch. 439 scholars. Pop. 2,079. 

Schuylkill, t., Schuylkill co.. Pa. It has 4 
stores, cap. $8,000 ; 2 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $8,400. 3 sch. 150 scholars. Pop. 
1,334. 

Schuylkill Bend, p-o., Berks co.. Pa., 57 e. 
Harrisburg, 150 W. 

Schuylkill Haven, p-v., Manheimt., Schuyl- 
kill CO., Pa., 58 N. E. Harrisburg, 168 W. Situ- 
ated immediately below the confluence of West 
Branch with Schuylkill r. It contains several 
stores, about 150 dwelling.?, and 990 inhabitants. 
The Schuylkill canal passes through it, and the 
West Branch railroad extends from it to the 
coal mines, at the foot of Broad mountain. 

Schwenck's Store, p o., Montgomery co., 
Pa., 83 E. Harrisburg, 169 W. 

Scienceville, p-v., Windham t., Greene co., 
N. Y., 48 s. w. Albany, 365 W. It contains 3 
stores, 1 furnace, 2 tanneries, and 20 or 25 dwell- 
ings. 

Scio, p-t., Alleghany co., N. Y., 15 s. Angeli- 
ca, 266 w. by s. Albany, 320 W. The surface 
is hilly and broken ; soil, moist clay and loam, 
heavily timbered with pine, hemlock, and other 
trees. Drained by Genesee r. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $3,500 ; 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 14 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $17,650. 2 sch. 24 scholars. 
Pop. 1,156. 

Scio, p-o., Harrison co., O. 

Scio, p-t., Washtenaw co., Mich., 56 w. De- 
troit, 542 W. Watered by Huron r., and Honey 
and Mill creeks. It has "9 stores, cap. $24,600; 
1 tannery, 2 flouring m., 3 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $34,900. 

Scioto, r., O., is the second in magnitude of 
those flawing wholly in the state. It rises in 
Hardin co., and flowing through Marion and Del- 
aware, into Franklin co., it receives, just above 
Columbus, from the n.. Whetstone or Olentangy 
r., whence it flows nearly s. to its junction with 
the Ohio, at Portsmouth, where it is 150 yards 
wide. It is about 160 ms. long, and is navigable 
130, to the mouth of Little Scioto river. It flows 
through a highly fertile country. 

ScioTO, county, O. Situated in the s. part of 
the state, and contains 600 sq. ms. The surface 
is uneven ; soil fertile, particularly on the river 
bottoms. Ohio r. bounds it on the s. Watered 
by Scioto and Little Scioto rivers, and their 
branches. The Ohio canal passes through it, 
and enters the Ohio r. at Portsmouth. Capital, 
Portsmouth. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
7,547, sheep 9,502, swine 11,077; wheat 44,370 
bush, produced, Ind. corn 322,360, barley 1,(X)0, 
oats 81,577, potatoes 14,960, sugar 7,049 pounds ; 
5 commercial and 4 commission houses, capital 
$5,400 ; 44 stores, cap. $79,300 ; 2 tanneries, 4 
flouring m., 15 grist m., 15 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $43,022. 42 sch. 1,243 scholars. Pop. 
11,192. 

Scioto, t., Delaware co., O. Situated on the 
w. side of Scioto r. It has 7 sch. 160 scholars. 
Pop. 877. 

Scioto Bridge, p-o., Scioto t., Delaware co., O. 

Scioto, p-o., Scioto co., O., 105 s. Columbus, 
439 W. 

Scioto, t., Jackson co., O. It has 3 stores, 
cap. .$875 ; 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Pop. 931. 

Scioto, t., Pickaway co., O. It has 1 sch. 15 
scholars. Pop. 904. 

Scioto, t., Ross co., O. Pop. 1,377. 

Scipio, p-t., Cayuga co., N. Y., 8 s. Auburn, 
164 w. Albany, 329 W. The surface is slightly 
undulating ; soil, clay, loam, and alluvion, fer- 
tile, and well cultivated. Owasco lake bounds 



SCO 



603 



SCO 



it on the e. Drained by Salmon cr., flowing into 
Cayuga lake. It has 5 stores, cap. $23,000 ; 1 
fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. 
in maniil'ac. $10,650. 1 acad. 36 students, 18sch. 
828 sch(5lars. Pop. 2,255. 

Scipio, t., Meigs CO., O. It has 6 schools, 244 
scholars. Pop. 940. 

Scipio, t., Hillsdale co., Mich. It has 1 grist 
m. Cap. in manufac. $9,000. 3 sch. 87 scholars. 
Pop. 634. 

ScTPio, t., Seneca co., O. It has 3 stores, cap. 
$4,500 ; 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$5,120. 8 sch. 197 scholars. Pop. 1,556. 

Scipio, p-v., Jennings co., la., 56 s. s. e. Indi- 
anapolis, 573 W. 

SciPioviLLE, p-0., Scipio t., Cayuga co., N. Y., 
164 w. Albany, 323 W. 

SciTico, p-c, Hartford co., Ct., 20 n. n. e. 
Hartford, 356 W. 

SciTU.vTE, p-t., Plymouth co., Mass., 26 s. E. 
by s. Boston, 454 W. Bounded n. e. by the 
Atlantic. North r. runs on its s. border, and near 
the harbor turns to the s. e., and runs 3 miles 
nearly parallel with the shore, leaving between 
itself and the ocean a curious beach, formed of 
round, smooth pebbles, elevated from 20 to 40 
feet above tidewater. There are in the t. 7 
churches — 2 Unitarian, 1 Congi-egationalist, 2 
Methodist, 1 Baptist, and 1 Universalist. The 
harbor is small and of difficult access, but as 
many as 30 fishing and coasting vessels are owned 
here. The v. contains about 30 dwellings. The 
t. has 16 stores, cap. $16,900 ; 9 grist m., 9 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $50,400. 21 sch. 1,025 schol- 
ars. Pop. 3,SS6. 

SciTUATE, t.. Providence co., R. I., 12 w. 
Providence. The surface is uneven, and in some 
parts rough and broken ; soil, gravelly loam, 
adapted to grazing. Watered by the n. branch 
of Pawtuxetr. It contains 1 Baptist and 2 Con- 
gregational churches, an academy, and a bank. 
It has 15 stores, cap. $12,850 ; 1 fulling ra., 1 
woollen fac, 11 cotton fac, 19,654 sp., 6 grist m., 
6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $411,130. 2 acatl. 
62 students, 19 sch. 864 scholars. Population, 
4,090. 

ScoNONDOAH, p-v., Veroua t., Onieda co., N. 
Y., 115 w. N. w. Albany, 378 W. It is situated 
on the N. side of Sconondoah cr., and contains 1 
store, several mechanic shops, 1 saw m., 1 cotton 
fac, and a few dwellings. 

Scotch Plains, p-v., Westfield t., Essex co., 
N. J., 4i5 N. w. Trenton, 209 W. Situated on 
Greenbrook. 

Scotch Tow.^, p-v., Wallkill t, Orange co., 
N. Y., 107 s. s. w. Albany, 284 W. It contains 
1 Presbyterian church, 2 stores, and 12 or 15 
dwellings. 

Scotia, p-v., Glenville t., Schenectady co., 
N. Y., 18 N. w. Albany, 386 W. Situated on the 
N. side of Mohawk r., 1 mile w. Schenectady. 
It contains 2 churches, 3 stores, 40 dwellings, and 
about 200 inhabitants. 

Scotia, p-v.. Pope co.. Ark., 83 n. w. Little 
Rock, 1,148 W. Situated on n. bank of Arkan- 
sas r., and contains about 40 inhabitants. 

Scotland, county, Mo. Situated in the n. e. 
part of the stale, and contains 936 sq. ms. Drain- 
ed by Wyaconda, North Fabius, and the n. fork 
of Salt rivers. The surface is level. Capital, 
Edina. 

Scotland, p-o., York co., 3Ie., 96 s. w. Au- 
gusta, 506 W. 

Scotla.vd, p-o., Plymouth co., Mass., 33 s. 
Boston, 427 W. 

Scotland, p-v., Windham t., Windham co., 
Ct., 35 E. Hartford, 362 W. It contains a Con- 



gregational church, several stores, and a pleasant 
v. built on one street. 

Scotland, p o., Ramapo t., Rockland co., N. 
Y., 126 s. by w. Albany, 260 W. 

Scotland Neck. p"o., Halifax co., N. C, 108 
N. E. Raleigh, 232 W. 

Scott, ('ounty, Va. Situated toward the s. 
w. part of the state, and contains 624 sq. ms. 
Drained by the n. fork of Holston r., and by 
Clinch r. and their branches. The surface is 
broken and rough ; soil, moderately fertile. 
Capital, Estillville. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 9,520, sheep 13,532, swine 24,095; wheat 
39,534 bush, produced, rye 2,729, Ind. corn 
294,705, buckwheat 337, oats 111,849, potatoes 
16,643, tobacco 7,339 pounds, sugar 59,547; 8 
stores, cap. $31,500; 4 tanneries, 63 distilleries, 
10 flouring m., 28 grist m., 13 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $21,805. 8 sch. 206 scholars. Pop. 
wliites 6,911, slaves 344, free col'd 48; total, 
7,303. 

Scott, county. Miss. Situated a little s. e. 
of the centre of the stale, and contains 576 sq. 
ms. Drained by branches of Pearl r., and by 
head branches of Leaf r. Capital, Hillsboro. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,898, sheep 607, 
swine 7,533 ; wheat 1,255 bu.'ih. produced, Ind. 
corn 50,564, oats 1,453, potatoes 8,020, rice 6,200 
pounds, tobacco 1,13J, cotton 374,156; 7 stores, 
cap. $16,019; 6 tanneries, 3 grist m., 2 saw m. 
Pop. whiles 1,189, slaves 462, free col'd 2 ; total, 
1,653. 

Scott, county, Ky. Situated toward the n 
part of the state, and contains 252 sq. ms. It 
has a fertile soil. Drained by North Elkhorn 
and Eagle creeks, and their branches. Capital, 
Georgetown. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
13,723, sheep 22,380, swine 37,596; wheat 
105,428 bush, produced, rye 62,940, Ind. corn 
999,470, oats 167,890, potatoes 20,869, sugar 
2,300 pounds ; 31 stores, cap. $149,200 ; 2 woollen 
fac, 4 tanneries, 16 flouring m., 19 gris'. m., 20 
saw rn., 1 paper fac, 1 printing office, 1 semi- 
weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $157,060. 

1 college, 114 students, 2 acad. 160 students, 26 
sch. 719 scholars. Pop. whites 8,220, slaves 
5,339, free col'd 109; total, 13,668. 

Scott, county, la. Situated in the s. e. part 
of the state, and contains 200 sq. ms. Drained 
by Graham's fork of While r. and its branches. 
The surface is gently undulating. Capital, Lex- 
ington. There were in 1840, neat cattle 2,589, 
.sheep 3,647, swine 4,603; wheat 15,229 bush, 
produced, Ind. corn 52,25.3, oats 31,254, potatoes 
3,146, tobacco 6,615 pounds, sugar 3,795; 7 stores, 
cap. $4,900 ; 8 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $5,200. 2 sch. 55 scholars. Pop. 4,242. 

Scott, county. 111. Situated in the w. part 
of the state, and contains 240 s(j. ms. Illinois r. 
bounds it on the w., by small tributaries of which 
it is dr.ained. Capital, Winchester. There were 
in 1840, neat callle 8,351, sheep 6,409, swine 
17,518; wheat 41,925 bush, produced, Ind. com 
424,000, oats 51,435, potatoes 15,461 ; 1 com. house, 
cap. $35,000 ; 30 stores, cap. $44,420 ; 4 tanneries, 

2 distilleries, 2 potteries, 7 flouring m., 12 grist m., 
17 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $77,405. 1 acad. 
60 students, 16 sch. 415 scholars. Pop. 6,215. 

Scott, county, Mo. Situated in the s. E. part 
of the state, and contains 936 sq. ms. The sur- 
face is various ; soil, generally very fertile. The 
Mississippi r. runs on its e. border. Drained by 
White Water and .James's rivers. Capital, Ben- 
ton. There were in l-<40, neat caltle 3,140, 
sheep 1,738, swine 26,909; wheal 10,111 bush, 
produced, Ind. corn 398,690, oats 13,174, potatoes 
7,718, tobacco 161,150 pounds, colton 4,466; 15 



SCO 



604 



SEA 



stores, cap. $32,150; 1 tannery, 3 distilleries, 
3 potteries, 19 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in 
rnanufac. $23,375. 6 sch. 134 scholars. Pop. 
whiles 2,5S7, slaves 458, free col'd 11; total, 
5,974. 

SooTT, county, Iowa. Situated in the e. part 
of the ter., and contains 540 sq. ms. The sur- 
face is gently rolling ; soil, very fertile. The 
Mississippi r. bounds it on the s. e., and Wa- 
besipinica r. runs on its n. border. Drained by 
Allen's, Duck, and Crow creeks. Capital, Da- 
venport. There were in 1840, neat cattle 2,373, 
sheep 273, swine 5,643 ; wheat 25,740 bush, pro- 
duced, Ind. corn 46,057, oats 11,720, potatoes 
30,002; 16 stores, cap. $46,500; 1 distillery, 1 
pottery, 2 flouring m., 3 grist m., 9 saw m., 1 print- 
ing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in nianu- 
iiic. $49,350. 1 acad. 25 students, 5 sch. 123 
scholars. Pop. 2,140. 

Scott, county. Ark. Situated in the w. part 
of the state, and contains 950 sq. ms. Drained 
by a branch of Arkansas r. Capital, Boonville. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 3,616, sheep 591, 
swine 10,272; wheat 1,516 bush, produced, Ind. 
corn 104,355, oats 2,996, potatoes 7,369, cotton 
13,190 pounds ; 1 distillery, 2 grist tn., 1 saw m. 
Cap. in maimfac. $6,500. 5 sch. 103 scholars. 
Pop. whites 1,542, slaves 131, free col'd 21 ; 
total, 1,694. 

Scott, p-t., Cortland co., N. Y., 149 w. Al- 
bany, 325 W. The surface is somewhat broken ; 
soil, a fertile argillaceous and calcareous loam. 
Drained by head branches of Toughnioga r. and 
the inlet of Skeneateles lake, which touche.s its 
N. w. corner. It has 2 stores, cap. $6,500; 1 tan-. 
nery,2 grist m., 9 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in rnanu- 
fac^ $21,050. 9 sch. 447 scholars. Pop. 1,332. 

Scott, p-t., Wayne co.. Pa., 199 n. e. Harris- 
burg, 293 W. Susquehanna r. bounds it on the 
w. Drained by Starucca, Shrawder's, and 
Shoohokin creeks. The surface is hilly ; soil, 
gravel and loam. Timbered with beech and 
maple. It has 3 sch. 53 scholars. Pop. 365. 

Scott, p-t., Adams co., O., 95 s. by w. Co- 
lumbus, 460 W. It has 3 stores, cap. $3,550 ; 3 
grist m., 2 saw m. Pop. 916. 

Scott, t., Marion co., O. It has 1 store, cap. 
$550 ; 1 distillery, 4 sch. 175 scholars. Pop. 854. 

Scott, t., Sandusky co., O. Il has 8 sch. 304 
scholars. Pop. 684. 

Scott, p-t.. La Grange co., la., 183 Indianapo- 
lis, 586 W. 

Scott, t., Montgomery co., la. It has 1 sch. 
25 scholars. Pop. 896. 

Scott, t., Vanderburgh co., la. Pop. 1,213. 

Scottsburg, p-v., Halifax co., Va., 119 s. w. 
Richmond, 217 W. It contains 1 store, several 
dwellings, and about 50 mhabitants. 

Scotts Creek, p-o., Haywood co., N. C, 312 
w. Raleigh, 542 W. 

Scotts Ferry, p-o., Albemarle co., Va., 73 n. 
w. Richmond, 137 \V. 

Scotts Ridge, p-o., Fairfield co., Ct. 

ScoTTSviLLE, p-v., Wheatland t., Monroe co., 
N. Y., 232 vv. by n. Albany, 372 W. Situated 
on Allen's creek, on the line of the Genesee \^al- 
ley canal. It contains 3 churches — 1 Presbyte- 
rian, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Methodist — 8 stores, 2 
grist m., 1 plaster m., 2 saw m., 1 clothier's 
works, 1 distillery, 80 dwellings, and about 500 
inhabitants. 

ScoTTSviLLE, p-o., Luzerne co.. Pa., 40 n. n. 
w. Wilkesbarre. 

ScoTTsviLLE, p-v., Capital of Powhatan co., 
Va., 33 w. Richmond, 150 W. Situated on ele- 
vated ground, and contains a court house, jail, 3 
stores, and about 25 dwellings. 



ScoTTsviLLE, p-o., Orange co., N. C, 57 n. 
w. Raleigh, 291 W. 

ScoTTsviLLE, p-v., Bibb CO., Ala., 30 s. E 
Tuscaloosa, 814 W. 

ScoTTSviLLE, p-v.. Capital of Allen co., Ky., 
148 s. w. Frankfort, 671 W. Situated on a branch 
of Green r., and contains a court house, jail, and 
several stores and dwellings. 

ScoTTSviLLE, p-v., Lce CO., ni., 149 N. Spring- 
field, 854 W. 

ScRinA, p-t., Oswego co., N. Y., 167 n. w. Al- 
bany, 377 W. It contains a part of the v. of Os- 
wego. The surface is uneven ; soil, sandy loam, 
moderately fertile. Lake Ontario bounds it on 
the N., into which its streams flow, and afford 
water power. Oswego r. runs on its w. border. 
Old Fort Oswego was erected near the mouth of 
Oswego r., in 1727. It has 2 stores, cap. $5,500 ; 

1 lumber yard, cap. $7,000 ; 1 tannery, 3 grist 
m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $172,816. 17 
sch. 1,047 scholars. Pop. 4,051. 

ScRivEN, county, Ga. Situated toward the s. 
E. part of the stale, and contains 748 sq. ms. Sa- 
vannah r. runs on its n. e. border, and Ogeechee 
r. on its s. w. border. Watered by Brier cr. and 
its branches, and by Little Ogeechee r. Capital, 
Jacksonboro. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
9,538, sheep 2,876, swine 8,094; wheat 1,806 
bush, produced, rye 1,055, Ind. corn 147,305, oats 
1,350, potatoes 11,899, cotton 858,202 pounds, 
sugar 1,820; 6 stores, cap. $15,700; 1 tannery, 7 
grist m., 6 saw m., 4 sch. 66 scholars. Pop. 
whites 2,162, slaves 2,623 free col'd 9; total, 
4,794. 

ScROGGSFiELD, p-v., Fox t., Carroll co., C, 
132 E. N. e. Columbus, 291 W. 

ScuFFLETOiV, p-v., Greene co., N. C, 102 e. 
s. E. Raleigh, 312 W. 

ScuFFLETOWN, p-v., Laurcns dist., S. C, 78 
N. w. Columbus, 504 W. Situated on s. side of 
Saluda r. 

Scull Camp, p-o., Surry co., N. C, 167 w. by 
N. Raleigh, 348 W. 

Scurlock's Sprung, p o., Jackson co., Flor. 

Scull Shoals, p-o., Greene co., Ga., 65 n. 
Milledgeville, 608 W. Poulain's bridge here 
crosses the Oconee r., where is a store and sev- 
eral mills. 

Scull Town, p-v.. Upper Penn's Neck t., Sa- 
lem CO., N. J., 12 N. E. Salem, 51 s. Trenton, 162 
W. Situated at the head of navigation on Old- 
man's cr., whicli flows into Delaware r. It con- 
tains 3 stores and about 30 dwellings. 

Searrook, p-t., Rockingham co., N. H., 47 s. 
E. Concord, 48J W. Situated in the s. e. corner 
of the state, bounded e. by the Atlantic. Wa- 
tered by Black, Brown's, and Walton rivers. 
Chartered in 1768. Bog iron ore is found on 
some of its .streams. Whaleboat building is ex- 
tensively carried on. It has 3 stores, cap. $4,500 ; 

2 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 acad. 25 students, 4 sch. 
150 scholars. Pop. 1,392. 

Seacon.n'et, point. Little Compton t., R. I., 6 
E. s. E. Newport, forms the s. point of the e. en- 
trance of Narraganset bay. A break-water has 
been here erected by the general government. 

Seafori), p-v., Sussex co., Del., 46 s. Dover, 
121 W. Situated on Nanticoke r. 

Seal, t.. Pike co., O. It has 8 stores, cap. 
$12,180 ; 1 fulling m., 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $4,180. 10 sch. 224 scholars. Pop. 
1,835. 

Seal Cove, p-o., Hancock co., Me., 113 E. 
Augusta. 

Searcy, county, Ark. Situated toward the N. 
part of the state, and contains 850 sq. ms. A 
range of hills on its s. border separates it from 



SED 



605 



SEN 



Van Buren co. Watered by a biancli of Wliite 
r. Capital, Lebanon. There were in 1810, neat 
cattle 1,391, sheep fi50, swine 3,769 ; wheat 1,071 
bush, produced, Ind. corn 38,280, oats 1,742, pota- 
toes 1,3 :iO, tobacco 8,826 pounds, cotton 3,878; 
2 stores, cap. $1,800; 5 grist m. Pop. whites 
933, slaves 3; total, 936. 

Searcy, p-v., capital of White co., Ark., 50 n. 
N. E. Little Rock, 1,076 W. Situated on the s. 
w. side of Little lied r., a branch of White r., and 
contains a court house and several dwellings. 

Searsburg, p-t., Bennington co., Vt., He. 
Bennington. The surface is mountainous and 
rough, lying on the Green mountains, and much 
of it is incapable of cultivation. Watered by 
Deerfield r. Chartered in 1781. It has 3 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $1,000. Pop. 120. 

Searsburg, p-o., Hector t., Tompkins co., 
N. Y. 

Searsmont, p-t., Waldo co., Me., 38 e. Au- 
gusta, 627 W. Tlie soil is fertile, adapted to 
grain. Watered by St. George's r., one branch 
of which flows from a considerable pond on its 
N. E. border. It has 2 stores, cap. $2,500 ; 1 full- 
ing m., 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $8,700. 9 sch. 460 scholars. Pop. 
1,374. 

Searsville, p-v., Stewart co., Ga., 128 s. w. 
Milledgeville, 784 W. 

Sea View, p-o., Northampton co., Va., 163 e. 
Richmond, 239 W. 

Se'ville, t., Hancock co., Me. It has 3 sch. 
66 scholars. Pop. 129. 

Seawardsville, p-o., McDonough co.. III., 77 
N. w. Springfield, 855 W. 

Sebago, lake, Cumberland co.. Me., is 12 ms. 
long, and at its greatest breadth 7 ms. wide, and 
discharges its waters by Presumpscot r., into 
Casco bay. It is connected with Long Pond on 
the N. by w. by Songo si rait, and receive.'! 
Crooked r. from the n. It is connected with 
Portland by the (Cumberland and 0.\ford canal, 
20i ms. long, opening, by means of its connected 
waters, a communication into the interior of 50 ms. 

Sebago, p-t., Cumberland co., Me., 76 s. w. 
Augusta, 562 W. It has Sebago lake on its s. E. 
border, and several ponds in its n. e. part, and 
other.s in its w. parts, by the outlets of which it 
is watered. The soil is fertile, and the siliialion 
pleasant, with a ready access to Portland. Cliar- 
tered in 1826. It has 2 grist m., 2 saw m., 6 sell. 
314 scholars. Pop. 707. 

Sebasticook, r.. Me., rises in the s. e. part of 
Penobscot co., in a pond in Dexter t., passes 
through a considerable lake in Newport t., and 
flowing southweslwardly, enters Kennebec r., 
opposite to Waterville. It is about 50 ms. long, 
and aflibrds good water power. 

Sedec, p-t., Piscataquis co.. Me., 96 n. n. e. 
Augusta, 693 W. Situated at the e. end of Sebec 
lake or pond, which is 10 ms. long, and on an 
average, 1 m. wide, the outlet of which, Sebec r., 
enters the Piscataquis r. on the n. side. The 
soil is fertile, adapted to grain. Watered by Se- 
bec r. Incorporated in 1812. It has 3 stores, cap. 
$3,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 
grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in raamifac. $10,100. 
12 sch. 258 scholars. Pop. 1,116. 

Second Creek, p-o., Greenbrier co., Va., 220 
w. Richmond, 257 W. 

Second Fork, p-v., Clearfield co.. Pa., 157 \. 
w. Harrisburg, 249 W. 

Section Creek, p-o., Claycc, Ky., Ill s. e. 
Frankfort, 555 W. 

Sedgewfck, t., Hancock co.. Me., 85 e. Au- 
gusta, 681 W^. Situated on a peninsula, having 
Blue Hill bay on the e., and a strait which se- 



parates it from Deer isl. on the s. It has good 
harbors, and considerable navigation employed 
in the coasting trade and the fisheries. The soil 
is moderately productive. Ship building is a 
considerable business. It has 7 store.s, cap. 
$10,500; 1 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 3 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $4,600. 15 sch. 823 scholars. Pop. 
1,922. 

Sedgewick Bay, p-o., Sedgewickt., Hancock 
CO., Me., 93 E. s. e. Augusta, 689 W. 

Seekonk, p-t., Bristol co., Mass., 46 s. s. w. 
Boston, 404 W. Bounded on the w. by Seekonk 
or Providence river, which separates it from the 
state of Rhode Island. Incorporated in 1812. 
Watered by Ten Mile r., which affords water 
power. The v. of Pawtucket lies partly in the 
N. w. part of this t., (which see.) The v., situ- 
ated on Ten 3Iile r. near its junction with Provi- 
dence r., contains 1 Congregational and 1 Baptist 
church, and several factories. There are in the 
t. 5 stores, cap. $4,900 ; 1 fulling m., 3 cotton fac. 
6,010 sp., 1 tannery, 6 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $75,100. 1 acad. 4 students, 13 sch. 
343 scholars. Pop. 1,996. 

Seely Creek, p-o., Southport t., Chemung 
CO., N. Y., 203 w. s. w. Albany, 271 W. 

Seelysburg, p-o., Napoli t., Cattaraugus Co., 
N. Y., 309 w. by s. Albany, 345 W. 

Seiderlingville, p-o., Lehigh co., Pa., 88 e. 
s. E. Harrisburg, 178 W. 

Seigfrieds Ferry, p-o., Northampton co., 
Pa., 86 E. s. E. Harrisburg, 178 W. 

Selbys Port, p-v., Alleghany co., Md., 214 n. 
w. Annapolis, 172 W. 

Selin.? Grove, p-v., Penn t., Union co., Pa., 
51 N. Harrisburg, 161 W. Situated on Susque- 
hanna r., at the junction of Penn's cr. It contains 
1 church, 6 stores, 100 dwellings, and about 800 
inhabitants. 

Seller's Tavern, p-o., Bucks co.. Pa., 49 e. 
Harrisburg, 168 W. 

Selma, p-v., Dallas co., Ala., 83 s. s. e. Tusca- 
loosa, 844 W. Situated on the n. bank of Ala- 
bama r. It contains several stores, and about 
900 inhabitants. 

Selma, p-v., .Jefferson co.. Mo., 163 e. by s. 
.Jefferson City, 818 W. Situated on the w. bank 
of the Mississippi r., 35 ms. below St. Louis, and 
5 below Herculaneum. It has a good landing 
place, a large mercantile hou.se, a shot fac, and 
considerable trade. Lead is extensively ex- 
ported. 

Sempronius, p-t., Cayuga co., N. Y., 16 s. e. 
Auburn, 164 w. Albany, 328 W. The surface is 
rolling ; soil, clay loam. Skeneateles lake lies 
on its N. E. bonier. Drained by small streams 
tlowing into Skeneateles and Owasco lakes. It 
has 2 stores, cap. $3,500 ; 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 
9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,645. 9 sch. 577 
scholars. Pop. 1,304. 

Senatoba, po., De Soto co.. Miss 

Seneca, lake, N. Y. One of the largest and 
most beautiful of the lakes in ihe w. part of the 
state. It is 40 ms. long from s. to n., and from 2 
to 4 ms. wide, very deep, and never frozen over. 
The depth has been ascertained to be 560 feet, 
12 ms. above the outlet. The shores of the lake 
are beautiful and picturesque, and the outlet 
flowing from its n. e. part, afibrds extensive wa- 
ter power at Waterloo v., 6 miles, and Seneca 
Falls, 10 ms. from the lake. Crooked lake outlet 
enters this lake from the w. at Dresden, 12 miles 
above Geneva. Steamboats on this lake run 
daily from Geneva to Jefferson, at the head of the 
lake, 40 ms. A canal extends from this lake to 
the Erie canal, and a canal also connects it with 
Crooked lake. 



SEN 



606 



SEV 



Seneca, river, N. Y., formed by the outlets of 
Cayuga, Canandaigua, Owaspo, Skeneateles, and 
Onondaga lakes. After it receives the outlet of 
Oneida lake, it becomes Oswego r., and enters 
Lake Ontario at Oswego v. 

Seneca, river, S. C, rises in the Blue ridge in 
JV. C, and flows s. through Pendleton and Ander- 
son districts, S. C, and enters Tugaloo r. It has 
numerous tributaries, and is about 50 ms. long. 

Seneca, county, N. Y. Situa ed near the cen- 
tre of the state, chiefly between Seneca lake on 
the w., and Cayuga lake on the e., and contains 
308 sq. ms. The surface between the lakes is 
beautifully and gently uneven, being most ele- 
vated in the middle. The soil is a calcareous 
loam and mould, and fertile. Drained by Seneca 
river. Beds of gypsum are found near Seneca 
Falls V. Near Canoga v. is a mineral spring, 
which emits nitrogen gas. Capitals, Ovid and 
Waterloo. There were in 1810, neat cattle 
21,222, sheep 63,824, swine 25,9S1 ; wheat 398,505 
bush, produced, rye 5,526, Indian corn 177,795, 
buckwheat 19,798, barley 11,147, oats 232,446, 
potatoes 199,387, hops 1,203 pounds, sugar 25,845; 
55 stores, cap. $172,900; 1 furnace, 7 fulling m., 
2 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 2,500 sp., 9 tanner- 
ies, 4 distilleries, 1 brewery, 4 potteries, 11 flour- 
ing m., 10 grist m., 25 saw m., 5 oil m., 1 paper 
fac, 4 printing offices, 3 weekly, 1 semi-weekly, 
newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $535,684. 3 acad. 
215 students, 95 sch. 4,360 scholars. Population 
24,874. 

Seneca, county, O. Situated in the n. part of 
the state, and contains 540 sq. ms. The surface 
is level ; soil, very fertile. Drained by Sandusky 
river and its tributaries. Capital, Tiffin. There 
•were in 1840, neat cattle 18,035, sheep 21,027, 
swine 34,256 ; wheat 348,194 bushels produced, 
rye 20,223, Ind. corn 306,051, buckwheat 9,510, 
oate 174,736, potatoes 89,755, tobacco 1,211 lbs., 
sugar 199,706 ; 36 stores, cap. $48,876 ; 6 tanner- 
ies, 4 distilleries, 2 breweries, 3 potteries, 1 flour- 
ing m., 14 grist m., 34 saw m., 2 printing offices, 
2 weekly newspapers. Capital in manufactures 
$37,691. 82 sch. 2,382 scholars. Pop. 18,128. 

Seneca, t., Ontario co., N. Y., 15 e. Canan- 
daigua, 179 w. Albany. The surface is undula- 
ting, and hilly on the s. ; soil, a fertile sandy clay 
and loam. Seneca lake lies on its s. E. border. 
Drained by Flint cr. It contains the important 
V. of Geneva. There are in the t. 48 stores, cap. 
$179,900 ; 3 fulling m., 4 tanneries, 2 breweries, 
2 printing offices, I newspaper, 1 periodical, 3 
flounng m., 3 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $134,700. 1 college 126 students, 6 acad. 
393 students, 21 sch. 1,275 scholars. Pop. 7,073. 

Seneca, t., Guernsey co., O. Pop 1,359. 

Seneca, t., Monroe co., O. Pop. 1,348. 

Seneca, t., Seneca co., O. It has 1 store, 1 
tannery, 1 distillery, 1 pottery, 1 flouring m., 1 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,677. 8 sch. 225 
scholars. Pop. 1,393. 

Seneca, t., Lenawee co., Mich. It has 2 saw 
m. Pop. 581. 

Seneca Castle, p-o., Seneca t., Ontario co., 
N. Y., 186 w. Albany, 351 W. 

Seneca Falls, p-t., Seneca co., N. Y., 4 e. 
Waterloo, 166 w. Albany, 342 W. The surface 
is undulating ; soil, generally a fertile loam. 
Cayuga lake lies on its s. e. border. Watered by 
Seneca r. Tlie Cayuga and Seneca canal passes 
through the place. The v. is situated on both 
sides of the outlet of Seneca lake. Incorporated 
in 1831, and contains 5 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 
1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, and 1 Roman 
Catholic — an academy, 20 stores, I cotton fac, 8 
flouring m. with 27 run of stones, 5 sa,w m., 2 



plaster m., 1 distillery, 2 iron foundries, 2 pump 
fac, I sash fac, 1 paper m., 1 axe fac, 1 cloth- 
dressing works, 1 tannery, and 1 boat-yard, 400 
dwellings, and about- 3,000 inhabitants. Gypsum 
is found in the vicinity, and ground here for mar- 
ket. The water power here is very great, the 
outlet having a descent of 40 feet in the distance 
of 1 mile. Here are 5 locks in the Seneca and 
Cayuga canal, which unites with the Erie canal 
at Montezuma. There are in the t. 28 stores, 
capital $113,700; 1 lumberyard, cap. $4,000; 3 
fulling m., 1 cotton fac 2,500 sp., 1 tannery, 2 
distilleries, 1 brewery, 2 potteries, 1 paper fac, 2 
printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers, 7 flouring 
m., 1 grist m., 3 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manu- 
Hic $436,918. 1 acad. 101 students, 14 sch. 743 
scholars. Pop. 4,281. 

Senecaville, p-v.. Seneca t., Guem.sey co., 
O., 90 E. Columbus, 316 W. 

Senex, p-o., McLean co.. 111., 98 n. e. Spring- 
field, 758 W. 

Sennett, p-t., Cayuga co., N. Y., 158 n. by w. 
Albany, 338 W. The surface is rolling ; soil, 
clay and gravelly loam, well cultivated. Drain- 
ed by branches of Seneca r. The v. contains 1 
Presbyterian and 1 Baptist church, 2 stores, 30 
dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. Tliere are 
in the t. 1 store, cap. $3,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 distil- 
lery, 3 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $7,250. 17 sch. 
785 scholars. Pop. 2,060. 

Serepta, p-o., Warren co., N. J., 61 n. Tren- 
ton, 216 W. 

Seargeantsville, p-v., Caswell co., N. C, 
86 N. w. Raleigh, 262 W. 

Sergeant, t., McKean co., Pa. It has 1 grist 
m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,000. 3 sch. 
36 scholars. Pop. 218. 

Service, p-o., Beaver co.. Pa. 

Setauket, p-v., Brookhaven t., Sufl^blk co., 
N. Y., 200 s. s. E. Albany, 280 W. Situated on 
the N. side of Long Island, with a good harbor. 
It contains 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, and 1 
Baptist chiu-ch, several stores, 125 dwelMngs, and 
about 800 inhabitants. 

Setzler's Store, p-o., Chester co.. Pa., 74 e. 
s. E. Harrisburg, 162 W. 

Seven Mile, p-o., Butler co., O. 

Seven Mile Ford, p-o., Smyth co., Va., 281 
w. by s. Richmond, 349 W. 

Seven Mile Prairie, p-o., Darke co., O. 

Seventy Si.x, p-o., Beaver co., Pa., 232 w. by 
N. Harrisburg, 257 W. 

Seventy Six, p-o., Clinton co., Ky., 120 s. 
Frankfort, 626 W. 

Seven Valleys, p-o., York co.. Pa. 

Sevier, county, Penn. Situated in the e. 
part of the state, and contains 500 sq. ms. Drain- 
ed by French Broad r., and Little Pigeon r. and 
its branches, flowing into the former. Great 
Smoky mountain runs on its s. e. border. Capi- 
tal, Sevierville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
6,307, sheep 5,276, swine 19,898 ; wheat 48,038 
bush, produced, rye 1,648, Ind. corn 339,113, oats 
50,639, potatoes 10,825, tobacco 4,110 pounds, cot- 
ton 16,252, sugar 3,375 ; 10 stores, cap. $40,600 ; 
1 furnace, 1 forge, 4 tanneries, 17 distilleries, 1 
pottery, 5 flouring m., 15 grist m., 13 saw ra. Cap. 
in manufac. $24,485. 1 acad. 23 students, 20 sch. 
513 scholars. Pop. wliites 6,048, slaves 354, free 
col'd 40 ; total, 6,442. 

Sevier, county. Ark. Situated toward the s. 
w. part of the state, and contains 2,500 sq. miles. 
Drained by Saline, Cosselose, and Rolling Fork 
crs., branches of North Little r., flowing into Red 
r., which runs on its s. border. Capital, Para- 
clifta. There were in 1840, neat cattle 7,676, 
sheep 997, swuie 16,091 ; wheat 1,297 bush, pro- 



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duced, Indian corn 150,730, oats 8,404, potatoes 
12,730, rice 4,634 pounds, tobacco 3,477, cotton 
705,3J4 ; 10 stores, cap. $28,769 ; 1 distillery, 6 
grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,300. 7 
sch. 16S scholars. Pop. wliites 2,076, slave.s 527, 
free col'd 7; total, 2,S 10. 

Sevier viLLE, p-v., capital of Sevier co.,Tenn., 

213 E. by s. Nashville, 494 W Situated between 
the E. and w. forks of Little Pigeon r. It con- 
tains a court house, jail, 1 church, 1 academy, 
and about 110 inhabitants. 

Seville, t., Medina cc, O. It has 1 store, 
cap. $4,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 furnace, 1 tannery, 1 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,160. 1 acad. 26 
students, 1 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 249. 

Sewee, p o., Mc^linn co., Tcnn. 

Sewell's Mountain, p-o., Fayette co., Va., 
243 w. Richmond, 280 W. ^ 

Sewellsvili.e. p-o., Kirkwood t., Belmont 
CO., O., 99 E. Cohmibus, 302 W. 

Sew.\rd, t., Schoharie co., N. Y., 15 w. Scho- 
harie, 47 w. Albany. The surface is elevated 
and undulating ; soil, generally fertile. Drained 
by Cobbleskill cr. It has 6 stores, cap. $10,800 ; 
1 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 3 grist m., 9 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $5,100. 13 sch. 600 scholars. 
Pop. 2,083. 

Sewickly, t., Westmoreland co.. Pa. Drain- 
ed by Sewickly cr. It has 5 stores, cap. $12,650 ; 
I fulling m., 2 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 2 paper 
fac, 4 flouring m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manidac. 
$73,948. Pop. 1,573. 

Sewickly Bottom, p-o., Alleghany co., Pa., 

214 w. Harrisburg, 240 W. 

Sextons, p-o., Boone co., Mo., 45 n. Jefferson 
City, 950 W. 

Sh.\ckelforu's, p-o., King and Queen co., 
Va., 68 E. Richmond, 156 W. 

Shade, p o., Athens co., O., 180 s. e. Colum- 
bus, 347 W. 

Shade, creek, Pa., rises in the Alleghany mts. 
m Somerset co., and flows into Conemaugh r. at 
Johnstown. 

Shade, mts., Pa., a ridge of the Alleghany 
chain, extending 40 ms. from Bedford co., through 
Huntingdon co. into Mifflin co. 

Shadk, t., Somerset co., Pa. It has 1 store, 
cap. $2,000 ; 1 furnace, 2 distilleries, 4 grist m., 
8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,750. Pop. 1,052. 

Shade Gap, p-o., Huntingdon co.. Pa., 73 w. 
Harrisburg, 119 W. 

Shady Dale, p-o., Jasper co., Ga., 41 w. s. w. 
Milledgeville, 634 W. 

Shady Grove, p-o., Frankin co., Va., 184 w. s. 
w. Richmond, 259 W. 

Shady Grove, p-o., Union dist., S. C, 68 n. w. 
Columbia, 476 VV. 

Shady Grove, p-o., Union co., Ga., 170 n. .\. 
w. Milledgeville, 611 W. 

Shady Grove, p-o., Gibson co., Tenn., 115 w. 
Nashville, 798 W. 

Shady Grove, p-o., Washington par., La., 84 
N. New Orleans, 1008 W. 

Shaefferstow.\, p-v., Heidelberg t., Lebanon 
CO., Pa., 32 e. Harrisburg, 13J W. It contains 1 
Lutheran and 1 Presbyterian church, 4 stores, 
110 dwellings, and about 700 inliabitants. 

Shafer.s, p-o., Monroe co.. Pa., 116 n. e. Har- 
risburg, 212 W. 

Shaftsbury, p-t., Bennington co., Vt., 110 s. 
Montpelier, 414 W. The surfoce is elevated and 
uneven ; soil fertile, particularly in the s. part. 
Watered by branches of Walloomsac and Batten- 
kill rivers, which atford water power. Iron ore 
and marble are found. It contains 3 churches — 
2 Baptist and 1 Methodist. It has 2 stores, cap. I 
$5,500 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 1 grist in., 4 1 



saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,900. 1 acad. 20 
students, 10 sch. 305 scholars. Pop. 1,885. 

Shaker Village, p-v., Canterbury t., Merri- 
mack CO., N. H., 14 N. Concord, 495 W. 

Siialersville, p-t.. Portage co., O., 5 n. Ra- 
venna, 145 N. E. Columbus, 330 VV. The surface 
is moderately uneven ; soil, fertile. Watered by 
Cuyahoga r. It has 7 sch. 265 scholars. Pop. 
1,281. 

Shallotte, p-o., Brunswick co., N. C, 167 s. 
Raleigh, 420 W. 

SiiAMOKiN, cr.. Pa., falls into the e. side of 
Susquehanna r., 2 ms. below Sunbury, and is 30 
ms. long. 

SiiA.MOKiN, p-t., Northumberland co.. Pa., 76 
N. Harrisburg, 186 W. The surface consists of 
hills and valleys ; soil, alluvial, red shale and 
gravel. Watered by Shamokin cr. The v. con- 
tains 1 store, and about 15 dwellings. There are 
4 churches in the t; 6 stores, cap. $16,300; 3 
tanneries, 1 distillery, 4 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $21,875. 6 sch. 205 scholars. Pop. 
1,983. 

SiiAMOKi.v Dam, p-o.. Union co.. Pa., 55 n. 
Harrisburg, 165 W. 

Shamrock, p-o., Callaway co.. Mo., 39 n. e. 
Jefferson City, 913 W. 

Shamrock Mills, p-o., Providence co., R. I., 
41 N. vv. Providence, 3S6 W. 

SiiANCKs, p-o., Richland co., O., 51 n. by e. 
Columbus, 390 W. 

Shandaken, p-t., Ulster co., N. Y., 83 s. s. w. 
Albany, 342 W. The surface is mountainous, 
lying on the Catskill range ; soil, indifferent. 
Drained by Esopus cr. and Neversink r. It has 
2 stores, cap. $4,000 ; 4 tanneries, 2 grist m., 17 
saw m. Cap. in manuiiic. $33,470. 7 sch. 301 
scholars. Pop. 1,455. 

Shane's Crossings, p-o., Dublin t., Mercer 
CO., O., 124 w. N. w. Columbus, 504 W. The v., 
called Shanesville, is situated on St. Mary's r., 
and contains 1 store, 1 tannery, and about 12 
dwellings. 

Shanesville, p-v.. Sugar Creek t., Tuscara- 
was CO., O., 107 E. N. E. Columbus, 325 W. Situ- 
ated on Sugar cr., and contains 2 stores, and 
about 200 inliabitants. 

Shannon, county. Mo. Situated in the s. part 
of the state, and contains 2,400 sq. ms. Drained 
by Current r. and its branches, and Big Black r. 
Capital, Shannon C. H. 

Shannon, p-v.. Mason co., Ky., 68 e. n. e. 
Frankfort, 474 W. 

Shannon Hill, p-o., Goochland co., Va., 48 
w. s. w. Richmond, 149 W. 

Shannonsville, p-v., Montgomery co.. Pa., 84 
E. Harri.sburg, 160 VV. 

SiiANNO.N'sviLLE, p-v.. Perry co., Tenn., 109 
s. w. by w. Nashville, 793 W. 

Shapleigh, p-t., York co., 3Ie., 89 s. w. Au- 
gusta, 522 W. The surface is level ; soil, adapt- 
ed to grain and grazing. It has several large 
ponds, one of which gives rise to Mousum r., and 
another, on its n. w. border, to Salmon Falls r., 
which runs on its w. border. Incorporated in 
1785. It has 4 stores, cap. 2,600 ; 1 fulling m., 1 
woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 8 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $11,155. 634 scholars in 
schools. Pop. 1,510. 

Siiaro.'x, t., Hillsborough co., N. H., watered 
by a branch of Souhegan r. It has 2 stores, cap. 
$2,500; 2 grist m., 5 saw m. 2 sch. 57 scholars. 
Pt.p. 251. 

Sharon, p-t., Windsor co., Vt., 40 s. Montpe- 
lier, 495 W. The surface is broken ; soil, pro- 
ductive. Watered by White r., whicli affords 
water power. The v., situated on White r., con 



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tains a Congregational church, several stores, va- 
rious mechanic shops, and about 30 dwellings. 
The t. has 2 stores, cap. $17,000 ; 1 fulling m., 
2 tanneries, 1 paper fac, 1 gri.st m., 8 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $21,000. Pop. 

Sharon, p-t., Norfolk co., Mass., 17 s. s. w. 
Boston, 425 W. The surface is uneven. It con- 
tains Mashapoagpond, from which flows a branch 
of Neponset r. It contains 3 churches — 2 Con- 
gregational and 1 Baptist. The Boston and Pro- 
vidence railroad passes through the t. It has 3 
stores, cap. $5,500; 1 cotton fac. 1,123 sp. Cap. 
in manufac. $14,000; 5 sch. 270 scholars. Pop. 
1,076. 

Sharon, p-t., Litchfield co., Ct., 48 w. Hart- 
ford, 332 W. The surface is hilly or mountain- 
ous ; soil, gravelly loam, adapted to grazing and 
to grain. Ilousatonic r. bounds it on the e. 
There are several ponds in the n. w. part, the 
outlet of which affords water power. Several 
bridges across the Housatonic connect it with 
Cornwall. The v. at the centre is pleasantly 
situated, principally on one street, and contains 3 
churches — 1 Congregational, 1 Episcopal, and 1 
Methodist — an academy, and about 60 dwellings, 
many of them neat. Incorporated in 1739. 
There are in the t. 6 stores, cap. $20,300 ; 1 cot- 
ton fac. 720 sp., 1 furnace, 1 forge, 2 tanneries, 
2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $77,225 ; 
16' sch. 475 scholars. Pop. 2,407. 

Sharon, p-t., Schoharie co., N. Y., 43 w. Al- 
bany, 392 W. The surface is elevated and 
undulating; soil, calcareous loam. Limestone 
abounds. It contains some curious caverns, and 
a celebrated mineral spring, strongly resembling 
the White Sulphur springs of Va., highly effica- 
cious in rneumatic, cutaneous, and dyspeptic 
complaints. A splendid hotel lias been here 
erected for the accomv.iodation of visiters, and 
the scenery around is highly romantic. It has 8 
stores, cap. $26,000 ; 3 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 2 
grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,600. 14 
sch. 782 scholars. Pop. 2,520. 

Sharon, p-v., Pymatuning t., Mercer co.. Pa., 
249 w. N. w. Harrisburg, 292 W. Situated on 
the w. bank of Shenango cr., and contains seve- 
ral stores, and about 20 dwellings. 

Sharon, t.. Potter co.. Pa. It has 9 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $114,500. 2 sch. 40 scholars. 
Pop. 259. 

Sharon, p-v., Wythe co., Va., 265 w. by s. 
Richmond, 333 W. Situated at the head of the 
N. fork of Ilolston r. 

Sharon, p-v., Mecklenburg co., N. C, 165 w. 
s. w. Raleigh, 404 W. 

Sharon, p-o., Olive t., Morgan co., O., 93 e. 
by s. Columbus, 315 W. It has 1 store, 1 tannery, 
1 oil m., 1 pottery, 12 dwellings, and about 73 in- 
habitants. 

Sharon, t., Franklin co., O. The surface is 
level or slightly undulating ; soil, fertile. Firfet 
settled in 1803. It contains the v. of Worthing- 
ton. It has 2 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 728. 

Sharon, t., Medina co., O., organized in 1830, 
and contains a church and an academy. It has 
1 store, cap. $1,200 ; 4 sch. 167 scholars. Pop. 
1,315. 

Sharon, p-t., Washtenaw co., Mich., 56 w. 
Detroit, 532 W. Tiie soil is very fertile, adapted 
to grain. It has 2 saw m. 

Sharon, p-o.. Chambers co., Ala. 

Sharon, p-v., Whiiesides co.. Ill, 174 n. 
Springfield, 869 W. 

Sharon, p-v., Madison co.. Miss., 30 n. Jack- 
Bon, 1,005 W. 

Sharon Centre, p-o., Sharon t., Schoharie 
CO., N. Y., 46 w. Albany, 388 W. 



Sharon Centre, p-v.. Potter cc, Pa., 192 n. 
N. w. Harrisburg, 308 W. 

Sharon Centre, p-v., Sharon t., Medina co., 
O., 126 N. E. Columbia, 342 W. It contains a 
church and an academy. 

Sharonville, p-v., Hamilton co., O., 102 w 
s. w. Columbus, 485 W. 

Sharpes Store, p-o., Lowndes co., Ga., 256 
s. Milledgeville, 900 W. 

Sharpesville, p-v., Montgomery co., Ala., 
128 s. E. Tuscaloosa, 855 W. 

Sharpsburg, p-v., Alleghany co.. Pa., 206 
w. Harrisburg, 233 W. 

Sharpsburg, p-v., Wa.shington co., Md., 97 
N. w. Annapolis, 65 W. Situated on the e. side 
of Potomac r. 

Sharpsburg, p-v., Bath co., Ky., 62 e. Frank- 
fort, 508 W. 

Sharpsburg, p-v., Monroe co.. Mo., 94 n. Jef- 
ferson City, 942 W. 

Sharptown, p-v., Pilesgrove t., Salem co., N. 
J., 55 s. Trenton, 166 W. Situated on Salem cr., 
and contains 2 stores, 1 grist m., and about 50 
dwellings. 

Shartleville, p-v., Berks co.. Pa., 65 e. Har- 
risburg, 175 W. 

Shavers Creek, p-o., Huntingdon co., Pa., 95 
w. Harrisburg, 160 W. 

Shavertown, p-o., Andes t, Delaware co., N. 
Y., 89 s. w. Albany, 325 W. 

Shawangunk, cr., N. Y., rises in Orange co., 
and flows n. e. into Wallkill r., in Ulster co. 

Shawangunk, mts., N. V., are a continuation 
of the Alleghany chain, extending from the Dela- 
ware r., in Orange co., through Sullivan co., to 
New Paltz t., in Ulster co. They are cultivated 
on the E. declivity, but precipitous on the w. 
They contain a lead mine. 

Shawangunk, p-t., Ulster co., N. Y., 24 s. w. 
Kingston, 87 s. Albany, 296 W. The sur.'ace is 
hilly and mountainous on the n. w., but rolling 
or level on the E. ; soil, mostly sandy loam, and 
very productive. Drained by Shawangunk cr., and 
Wallkill r. The v. contains 3 stores, 1 flouring 
m., 1 woollen fac, 2 distilleries, and about 20 
dwellings. 9 mammoth skeletons have been dug 
up in this and the adjoining towns, one of which 
is exhibited in Peale's Mu.seum in Philadelphia. 
There are in the t. 6 stores, cap. 830,000 ; 1 
woollen fac, 1 tannery, 4 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $19,250 ; 19 sch. 795 scholars. Pop. 
3,886. 

Shawnee, p-o., Wheatfield t., Niagara co., N. 
Y., 285 w. by n. Albany, 410 W. 

Shawnee, t.. Fountain co., la. It has 317 scho- 
lars in schools. Pop. 1,439. 

Shawnee Prairie, p-o.. Fountain co., la., 78 
w. Indianapolis, 644 W. 

Shawnee Run, p-o., Mercer co., Ky., 38 s. 
Frankfort, 546 W. 

Shawnei; TOWN, p v., Gallatin co.. 111., 195 s. 
s. E. Springfield, 762 W. Situated on the n. w. 
bank of Oliio r., 10 ms. below the mouth of the 
Wabash r. The bank of the r. has a gradual 
ascent, but not sufficient to prevent inundation 
in extreme high floods. It has 12 or 15 stores, a 
printing office, a bank, a United Slates land office, 
and 862 inhabitants. It was laid out in 1314, and 
is one of the most commercial places in soutiiern 
Illinois. Pop. of the t. I,7d0. 

SiiAWONO, county, Mich. Siiuated centrally 
toward the n. part of the peninsula, and contains 
576 sq. ms. Watered by the n. and s. brandies 
of Ausable r. and their tributaries. It is unor- 
ganized. 

Shaw's Meadows, p-o., Monroe co.. Pa., 118 
N. E. Harrisburg, 211 W. 



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Shaws Mills, p-o., Guilford co., N. C, 73 
w. by N. Raleigh, 313 W. 

Sheboygan, r.. Wis. ter., rises in Fond du Lfic 
CO., near Lake Winnebago, and passing through 
a small lake in the n. w. part of Sheboygan eo., 
it proceeds eastwardly, by a winding course, to 
Lake jMichigan. 

Sheboygan, county. Wis. Situated in the e. 
part of the territory, and contains .500 sq. ms. 
Bounded e. by Lake Michigan. Watered by 
Sheboygan r. and its branches, and by branches 
of Milwaukie r. It has a fertile soil. Capital, 
Sheboygan. There were in 1810, neat cattle 
59, swine 83; wheat .548 bush, produced, Ind. 
corn 170, oats 985, potatoes 1,303, sugar 910 lbs. ; 
1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,000. 
Pop. 133. 

Sheboygan, v., capital of Sheboygan co.. Wis. 
Situated on the s. side of Sheboygan r., at its 
entrance into Lake 31ichigan. 

Sheboygan Falls, p-o., Sheboygan co.. Wis., 
MR E. N. E. Madison, 868 W. 

Sheepscot, r., Lincoln co.. Me., rises in ponds 
in Palermo I., and (lows s. about 35 ms., into 
Sheepscot bay, at Wiscasset, where is one of the 
best harbors in Maine. It has falls which afford 
good water power. 

Sheepscot Bridge, p-v., Lincoln co., Me., 25 



tile streams, fertile. It contains in its s. part an 
elevated peak of the White mountains, and a 
precipitous rocky elevation near its centre, 60 feet 
high. Incorporated in 1820. It lias 3 stores, cap. 
§10,000 ; 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$2,625; 3 sch. Ill scholars. Pop. 350. 

Shelburne, p-t., Chittenden co., Vt., 6 s. Bur- 
lington, 43 w. by N. Montpelier, 505 W. Lake 
Champlain bounds it on the w. The surface on 
the lake shore is level, backof it, it is moderately 
uneven ; soil, generally fertile, particularly on 
the lake. Watered by Laplotte r., which affords 
water power. The v. contains a church, com- 
mon to Episcopalians and Congregationalists, and 
a number of dwellings. Laplotte r. enters the 
head of Shelburne bay, a fine sheet of water 
which sets up 4 ms. from the lake, in a s. w. di- 
rection, and is navigable. There are in the t. 1 
store, cap. $2,500 ; 1 fulling m. Pop. 1,098. 

Shelburne, p-t., Franklin co., Mass., 5 w. 
Greenfield, 96 w. by N. Boston, 406 W. Deer- 
field r. runs on its w. and s. w. border, and affords 
water power. Near the centre is a v. containing 
a Congregational church. It has 4 stores, cap. 
$3,400 ; 2 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 7 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $1,700. 2 acad. 460 stu- 
dents, 9 sch. 285 scholars. Pop. 1,022. 

Shelburne Falls, p-v., Shelburne t., Frank- 



s. Augusta, 593 W. Situated between Wiscasset | lin co., Mass., 101 w. by n. Boston, 41 1 W. Sit- 
and Newcastle, where are a small v. and several j uated on Deerficld river, in the w. part of the t., 
mills. I where the r. falls 47 feet in 40 rods. It contains 

Sheetz Mills, p-o., Hampshire co., Va., 204 , a Baptist church, an academy, and about 30 
N. N. w. Richmond, 132 W. i dwellings, some of them neat. 

Sheffield, p-t., Caledonia co., Vt., 45 n. e. | Shelby, county, Ala. Situated near the cen- 
Montpelier, 538 W. The surface is elevated, i tre of the state, and contains 950 sq. ms. Coosa 
Watered by head branches of Pasumpsic r., j r. runs on its e. boundary. Drained by Cahawba 
which flows to Connecticut r., and of Barton r., ' r. and its branches, and branches of Coosa r. 
which flows to Lake Memphremagog. It has j Capital, Columbiana. There were in 1840, neat 
several small ponds in its N. part. It has 2 stores, | cattle 5,824, sheep 1,944, swine 14,630; wheat 
cap. $5,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 grist m., 5 saw m. 1 17,023 bush, produced, Indian corn 179,650, oats 
Cap. in manufac. $3,700. 10 sch. 319 scholars. ; 9,946, potatoes 7,223, tobacco 1,197 pounds, cot- 
Pop. 821. ton 510,383; 6 stores, cap. $13,200; 2 forges, 2 

Sheffield, p-t., Berkshire co., Mass., 20 s. ! distilleries, 2 flouring m., 8 grist m., 5 saw m. 
Lenox, 23 e. Hudson, N. Y., 133 w. s. vv. Boston, : Cap. in manufac. $10,850. 6 sch. 45 scholars. 
349 W. The surface is generally level ; .soil, a i Pop. whites 2,013, slaves 1,616, free colored 2; 
sandy loam or fertile alluvion. Drained by total, 6,112. 

Housatonic r. and Konkopot r., its tributary, and 1 Shelby, county, Tenn. Situated in the s. w. 
another small branch from the w., which afford 'corner of the state, and contains 600 square ms. 
water power. The v. is pleasantly situated on i The 3Iississippi r. runs on its w. border. Drained 
a plain, on one extended street, and contains a by Loosahatchy, Wolf, and Nonconna rivers, 
handsome Congregational church, several stores, 1 which flow into the Mississippi r. The soil is 
and a number of neat dwellings. It is the oldest very fertile. Capital, Raleigh. There were in 
t. in the CO., having been chartered in 1733, re- ; 1840, neat cattle 15,315, sheep 4,732, swine 
duced to its present limits in 1761. Marble and i 39,362; wheat 12,912 bush, produced, Ind. corn 
iron ore are found. There are in the t. 8 stores, j 551,790, oats 23,452, potatoes 36,562, tobacco 
cap. .$22,000 ; 2 fulling m.,3 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 36,870 pounds, cotton 1,036,050; 27 commission 
1 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,000. [houses, cap. $1,099,800; 31' stores, 9 grist m., 4 
1 acad. 160 students, 13 sch. 618 scholars. Pop. I saw m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly and 2 semi- 
2,322. I weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. .$20,000. 

Sheffield, p-t., Warren co., Pa., 91 n. w. liar- 9 acad. 245 students, 7 sch. 231 scholars. Pop 



risbiirg, 233 W. It has 6 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $18,.500. 3 sch. 24 scholars. Pop. 116. 

Sheffield, p-v., Newton co., Ga., 71 n. w 
Milledgeville, 658 W. 

Sheffield, p-o., Fayette co., Ala 



whites 7,605, slaves 7,043, free col'd 73 ; total, 
14,721. 

Shelby, county, Ky. Situated in the n. to- 
ward the E. part of the .state, and contains 442 
sq. ms. Drained by Brashears cr. and numerous 



Sheffield, p-t., Lorain co., O., 137 n. n. e. ; tributaries, and branches of Floyd's fork, all of 
Columbus, 3S2 W. Lake Erie bounds it on the ; which flow into Salt r. Capital, Shelby ville. 
N. Watered by Black r., which is navigable to There were in 1810, neat cattle 13,717, sheep 
the centre of the t. It contains a manual labor 30,860, swine 73,011, wheat 177,721 bushels pro- 
academy. It has 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in , duced, rye 49,419. Indian corn 1,249,900, oats 
manufac. $3,000. 3 sch. 100 scholars. Pop. 521. 197,620, potatoes 17,396, tobacco 947,560 pounds; 

Sheffield, t., Ashtabula CO., O. Named from 25 stores, cap. $151,950; 5 tanneries, 9 dislillcT- 
Sheffield, Mass. It has 5 sch. 202 scholars. Pop. ; ie.s, 2 flouring m., 46 grist m., 21 saw m. Cap. 
634. jin manufac. $103,845. 6 acad. 337 students, 11 

Shelburne, p-t., Coos CO., N. H., Ill n. Con- 1 sch. 301 scholars. Pop. whites 11,256, slaves 
cord, 594 W. Watered by Androscoggin r., and i 6,355, free col'd 157; total, 17,763. 
its branches. The smiace is uneven : soil, on | Shelby, county, O. Situated toward the w. 
77 



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part of the state, and contains 418 square miles. 
Organized in 1819. Drained by Miami r. and its 
branches. The surface is undulating ; soil, fer- 
tile. The Miami canal passes through its s. w. 
part, with a side cut to Sidney. Capital, Sidney. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 10,509, sheep 
10,143, swine 18,941 ; wheat 78,601 bushels pro- 
duced, rye 5,498, Ind. corn 253,422, buckwheat 
1,795, oats 131,010, potatoes 29,218, sugar 79,830 ; 
25 stores, cap. $30,475 ; 1 fulling m., 3 woollen 
fac, 8 tanneries, 1 distillery, 7 flouring m., 7 grist 
m., 22 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 printing offices, 1 week- 
ly newspaper. C'ap. in manufiac. $34,205. 21 
sch. 528 scholars. Pop. 12,154. 

Shei^by, county, la. Situated a little s. e. of 
the centre of the state, and contains 410 square 
ms. The surface is level ; soil, very fertile. 
Drained by Sugar cr., the K. branch of White r., 
Big and Little Blue r., and Flat Rock cr. Cap- 
ital, Shelbyville. There were in 1810, neat cat- 
tle 11,339, sheep 13,452, swine 39,618; wheat 
61,611 bushels produced, rye 2,775, Indian corn 
779,101, oats 85,725, potatoes 16,017, tobacco 
116,254 pounds, sugar 47,561; 25 stores, capital 
$41,200; 1 fulling m., 8 tanneries, 12 distilleries, 

1 pottery. 1 flouring m., 19 grist m., 19 saw m., 1 
oil m. Cap. in manufac $32,682. 11 sch. 249 
scholars. Pop. 12,005. 

Sheldy, county, 111. Situated a little s. e. of 
the centre of the state, and contains 1,080 square 
ms. Watered by Kaskaskia r. and its tributaries, 
and head branches of the s. fork of Sangamon r. 
The surface consists of timber land and prairie ; 
soil, very fertile. Capital, Shelbyville. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 8,423, sheep 6,693, 
swine 20,862 ; wheat 18,595 bush, produced, Ind. 
corn 385,220, oats 74,392, potatoes 6,729; 16 
stores, cap. $45,299 ; 3 tanneries, 4 distilleries, 2 
flouring m., 18 grist m., 13 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $69,570. 18 schools 427 scholars. Pop. 
6,659. 

Shelby, county. Mo. Situated toward the n. 
E. part of the state, and contains 432 square ms. 
The surface is level, consisting of timber land 
and prairie ; .soil, fertile. Drained by Salt r. and 
North Two rivers, which affords water power. 
Coal banks are found on Salt r. Capital, Shel- 
byville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 6,376, 
sheep 2,059, swine 11,792; wheat 5,195 bushels 
produced, Ind. corn 134,970, oats 14,775, potatoes 
8,117, tobacco 34,826 pounds; 6 stores, capital 
$19,800 : 1 distillery, 5 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $15,850. 10 sch. 256 scholars. Pop. 
whites 5,028, slaves 928, free colored 18 ; total, 
3,056. 

Shelby, p-t., Orleans co., N. Y., 10 s. Albion, 
262 \v. by n. Albany, 395 W. The surface is 
generally level ; soil, calcareous loam. Drahied 
by Oak Orchard cr. Tt^ v. contains 1 church, 

2 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., and a few dwell- 
ings. Shelby Basin is a v. on the Erie canal. 
There are in the t. 3 stores, cap. $14,000 ; 2 full- 
ing m., 1 grist ra., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$9,900. Pop. 2,643. 

Shelby, p-v., Sharon t., Richland co., O., 69 
N. by e. Columbus, 391 W. Situatt^l near the 
head waters of the Black fork of Mo'uiccan or., 
rind contains 2 stores, and about 15 dwellings. 

Shelby, p-v., capital of Cleveland co., N. C. 
It is situated on the e. side of First Broad r., and 
contains a court house, jail, and 10 dwellings. 
There is a fine mineral spring (sulphiu-ous) onb 
and three quarter ms. s. of Shelby. 

Shelby, t., Jefferson co., la. It has 4 sch. 119 
scholars. Pop. 2,120. 

Shelby, t., Macomb co., Mich. It has 3 stores, 
cap. $13,500; 1 flouring m. Cap. in manufac. 



$15,000. 1 acad. 14 students, 3 sch. 102 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,262. 

Shelby Basin, p-v., Shelby t., Orleans co., 
N. Y., 265 w. by n. Albany, 400 W. Situated 
on the Erie canal. 

Shelby Corner, p-o., Shelby co., Tenn. 

Shelbyville, p-v., capital of Bedford co., 
Tenn., 59 s. by e. Nashville, 682 W. Situated 
on the N. E. side of Duck cr. It contains a court 
house, jail, 2 churches, a bank, printing office, 
and about 800 inhabitants. 

Shelbyville, p-v., capital of Shelby co., Ky., 
23 w. by N. Frankfort, 565 W. Situated on Bra- 
shears cr., 12 ms. above its entrance into Salt r. 
It contains a court house, jail, a bank, 2 churches, 
an academy, a printing office, about 180 dwell- 
ings, and 1,335 inhabitants. 

Shelbyville, p-t., capital of Shelby co., la., 
26 s. E. Indianapolis, 564 W. The v. is situated 
on the s. side of Blue r., which is navigable for 
boats to this place in times of high water, and 
affords water power. It contains a brick court 
house, jail, 1 Methodist church, and about 600 
inhabitants. The t. has 7 stores, cap. $19,000 ; 

1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,220. 

2 sch. 75 scholars. Pop. 446. 
Shelbyville, p-v., capital of Shelby co.. 111., 

60 Sv e. Springfield, 724 W. Situated on the w. 
bank of Kaskaskia r. It contains a brick court 
house, 40 feet square, 2 stories high, with a cupo- 
la, 9 stores, and about 50 dwellings. It contains 
a large sulphur spring. 

Shelbyville, p-v., capital of Shelby co., Mo., 
101 N. Jefferson City, 953 W. It contains a court 
house, 2 stores, and about 200 inhabitants. 

Sheldon, p-t., Franklin co., Vt., 62 n. Mont- 
pelier, 546 VV. The surface is diversified by hills 
and valleys ; soil, generally fertile, and easily 
cultivated. Watered by Missisque r. and its 
tributary. Black r., which affords water power. 
It contains an Episcopal church, and some Con- 
gregationalists and Methodists. Chartered in 
1763. First settled in 1790. It has 5 stores, cap. 
$10,000 ; 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $9,700. 9 sch. 226 scholars. Pop. 
1,734. 

Sheldon, p-t., Wyoming co., N. Y., 265 w. 
Albany, 363 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, 
moist clay loam, well adapted to grass. Drained 
by Tonawanda and Seneca creeks. The v. con- 
tains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Episcopal church, 2 
stores, 1 tannery, 25 dwellings, and about 125 
inhabitants. There are in the t. 6 stores, capital 
$1,900 ; 1 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 2 grist m., 12 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $23,500. 1 acad. 100 
students, 18 sch. 772 scholars. Pop. 2,353. 

Shelter Island, t., Suffolk co., N. Y., 20 e. 
Riverhead, 245 s. s. e. Albany. It comprises the 
whole of Shelter island, 6 ms. long and 4 broad, 
lying between Great Peconic and Gardiner's 
bays. The surface is uneven; soil, light and 
sandy, with some level and fertile portions. 
There is a good sliip channel all round the island, 
and its headlands present some picturesque 
views. A ferry of 120 rods connects it to South- 
old. It contains a Presbyterian ciiurch, and 
about 60 dwellings. It has 1 store, cap. $1,000 ; 
1 grist m., 1 sch. 90 scholars. Pop. 379. 

Shell Creek, p-o., Muscogee co., Ga., 144 
w. s. w. Milledgeville, 777 W. 

Shelocta, p-v., Armstrong t., Indiana co.. Pa., 
164 w. by N. Harrisburg, 217 W. 

Shenandoah, r.,Va., is a large southern branch 
of Potomac r., composed of the n. branch, which 
rises m Rockingham co., and the s. branch, 
which ri^es in Aui;,usta co. The latter branch 
flows along the w. side of the Blue ridge, and 



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611 



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nearly parallel lo it, to the junction of the two 
branches in Warren co., whence the united stream 
flows N. E. to its junction with the Potomac, 
shortly before its passage through the Blue ridge, 
at Harper's Ferry. (See Potomac r.) 

Shenandoah, county, Va. Situated toward 
the N. part of the state, and contains 475 square 
ms. The surface is generally uneven and moun- 
tainous, and the soil fertile. Watered by the x. 
fork of Shenandoah river. Capital, Woodstock. 
There were in 1810, neat cattle l(\n82, sheep 
12,3 15, swine 16,424 ; wheat 164,275 bush, pro- 
duced, rye 32,357, Ind. corn '2J8,G49, buckwheat 
3,109, oats 105,090, potatoes 31,980; 31 stores, 
cap. )j!l8C,287; 3 furnaces, 3 forges, 2 fulling m., 
4 woollen fac, 12 tarmeries, 2 distilleries, 5 pot- 
teries, 2S flouring m., 9 grist m., 20 saw m., 1 oil 
m., 1 printing oflice, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. 
in manuliic. $178,175. 2 acad. 108 students, 8 
sch. 217 scholars. Pop. whiles 10,320, slaves 
1,033, free col'd 265; total, 11,618. 

Shenandoah, p-o., Fishkill t., Dutchess co., 
N. Y., 93 s. Albany, 294 W. 

Shenandoah Iron Works, p-o., Page co., Va., 
115 X. w. Richmond, 118 W. 

Shenango, t., Beaver co., Pa. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $1,500; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 2 distiller- 
ies, 1 flouring m., 5 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. §32,900. 4 sch. 162 scholars. Pop. 
1,435. 

Shenango, t,, Mercer co., Pa., 11 s. w. Mer- 
cer b. The surface is level ; soil, clay and loam. 
Drained by Shenango cr. It has 2 store.s, cap. 
$3,000 ; 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $1,675. 9 sch. 368 scholars. Pop. 
1,354. 

Shepherdstown, p-v., Cumberland co.. Pa., 
18 w. llarrisburg, 102 W. 

SHEPiiEKDSTowN, p-v., Jeff'crson CO., Va., 179 
N. Richmond, 67 W. Situated on the s. w. side 
of Potomac r.^ 10 miles above Harper's Ferry, 
and contains 3 churches, 6 stores, 4 flouring m., 
160 dwellings, and about 1,200 inhabitants. 

Shepherdstown, p-v., Wheeling t., Belmont 
CO.. O., 4 N. St. Clairsville. 

Shepherdsvili>e, p-v., capital of Bullitt co., 
Ky., 72 w. s. w. Frankfort, 616 W. Situated on 
the n. side of Salt r. It contains a court house, 
jail, county clerk's offife, a seminary, and 30J 
inhabitants. Paroquette Springs, one mile from 
the v., on the n. bank of Salt r., have beautiful 
grounds and fine buildings for the accommoda- 
tion of visiters. 

Sherburne, p-t., Rutland co., Vt., 68 s. Mont- 

Celiar, 46S W. The surface is mountainous and 
roken, except a narrow intervale along Quee- 
chee r., which is fertile. Killington Peak, a 
southern summit of the Green mountains, having 
an elevation of 3,924 feet above tidewater, is in 
the s. part of this t. Queechee r. rises here. It 
has 3 ponds of ten acres each, from one of which 
issues Thundering brook, with a considerable 
fall, afTording water power. Chartered in 1761. 
First settled in 1785. It has 1 store, cap. $2,500 ; 
4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $800. 8 sch. 156 
scholars. Pop. 496. 

Sherburne, p-t., 3Iiddlesex co., Mass., 19 s. 
w. Boston, 420 W. Tlie surface is elevated ; 
soil, fertile. Watered by Charles r., which 
bounds it on the e., and Sudbury r. The v., at 
the centre, contains 2 churches — 1 Congregational 
and 1 Unitarian. It has maimfactures of boots, 
shoes, straw bonnets, and whips. It has 3 stores, 
cap. $6,500 : 1 tannery, 1 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $5,81X). 7 sch. 200 scholars. Pop. 995. 

Sherburne, p-t., Chenango co., N. V., 103 w. 
Albany, 347 W. The surface is hilly; soil, 



argillaceous and sandy loam. Drained by Che- 
nango r. The v. is situated on the e. side of 
Chenango r., on the Chenango canal. Incorpo- 
rated in 1830, and contains 4 ciiurfhcs — 1 Pres- 
byterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist 
— an academy, 13 stores, 3 forwarding houses, 1 
pottery, 1 furnace, 100 dwellings, and about 600 
inhabitants. There are in the t. 13 stores, cap. 
$45,000 ; 2 fulling m., 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 8 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $30,775. 1 acad. 168 
students, 18 sch. .S3;) scholars. Pop. 2,791. 

Sherburne Mills, p-v., Fleming co., Ky., 
83 e. Frankfort, 500 W. Situai-ed on Licking r., 
and contains 1 Baptist church, and about 100 in- 
habitants. 

Sherer.s Cross Roads, p-o., Westmoreland 
CO., Pa., 196 w. Harrisbnrg, 222 W. 

Sheridan, p-t., ( iiaiitanque co., N. Y., 324 w. 
by s. Albiiny, 351 W. I'he surAice is hilly; 
soil, clay loam, with some sand. Drained by 
Scott's, Walnut, and other creeks, flowing into 
Lake Erie, which bounds it on the n. w. It has 1 
store, cap. $1,000 ; 2 tanneries, 10 saw. Cap. in 
manufac. $19,415. 12 sch. 591 scholars. Pop. 
1,883. 

Sheridan, t., Calhoun co., Mich. It has 1 
store, cap. $3,000 ; 1 saw m , 4 sch. 82 scholars. 
Pop. 534. 

Sher.man, p-t., Fairfield co., Ct., 57 s. w. Hart- 
ford, 308 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, gene- 
rally gravelly loam, fertile in the valleys. 
Drained by Rocky r., a branch of Ilousatonic r. 
It contains a Congregational church. It has 3 
stores, cap. $5,200 ; 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 4 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,250. 6 sch. 215 
scliolars. Pop. 938. 

Sherman, p-t., Chautauqua co., N. Y., 357 w. 
by s. Albany, 346 W. The surface is uneven ; 
soil, clay and gravelly loam. Drained by French 
cr. It has 2 stores, cap. $2,500; 1 fulling m., 1 
furnace, 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $10,5.50. 6 sch. 163 scholars. Pop. 
1,099. 

Sherman, p-t., Huron co., O., 15 s. w. Nor- 
walk, 90 n. by w. Columbus, 412 W. It has 2 
stores, cap. $14,000; 1 fulling m., 2 grist m., 2 
saw m. Cap. in manuliic. $21,300. 3 sch. 74 
scholars. Pop. 692. 

Sherman, p-t., St. Joseph co., Mich., 135 w. 
by s. Detroit, 584 W. Watered by Prairie cr. 
It has 1 distillery. Pop. 683. 

Sherman, p-o.. Cook co.. III. 

Sherrards Store, p-o., Hampshire co., Va., 
173 N. w. Richmond, 101 W. 

Sherrills Ford, p-o., Lincoln co., N. C, 159 
w. bys. Raleigh, 3J6 W. 

SiiERRonsviLLK, p-o., Carroll co., O., 118 e. 
N. E.Columbus, 30t W. 

Sherwood, p-l.. Branch co., Mich., 125 w. s. 
w. Detroit, 581 W. The soil is I'ertile, adapted 
to grain. It has 3 sch. 53 scholars. Pop. 367. 

Sherwoods CoRNEiis, p-o., Scipio t., Cayuga 
CO., N. Y., 156 vv. Albany, 321 W. 

SiiESHEauiN, p-t., Bradford co., Pa., 144 n. 
Harrisburg, 251 W. Surface, hilly ; soil, gravel- 
ly loam. Drained by small creeks flowing into 
Susquehanna r. It has 2 stores, cap. .$6,000 ; 1 
tannery, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
.$9,450. 7 sch. 280 scholars. Pop. 1,010. 

SiiETUCKET, r., Ct., rises in Windham and 
Tolland counties, and flowing s. receives Quin- 
nebaug r., in Norwich, where it becomes the 
principal constituent of Thames r. It receives 
Natchaug r. from the E., in Mansfield, and Wil- 
limantic r. from the \v., in Windham. It afTords 
good water power. 

Shiawassee, county, Mich. Situated in the 



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central part of the state, and contains 544 square | 
miles. Drained by Shiawassee, Looking Glass, 
and Meshtegayock rivers, some of which afford 
good water power. Organized in 1837. The 
surface is rolling or level; soil, fertile. Mineral 
coal is found. Capital, Corunna. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle "2,143, sheep 37.5, swine 3,807 ; 
wheat 19,584 bushels produced, Ind. corn 13,772, 
oats 10,937, potatoes 23,007, sugar 25,933 pounds ; 
6 stores, cap. $11,300; 1 tannery, 1 flouring m., 
8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $46,873. 11 sch. 
260 scholars. Pop. 2,103. 

Shiawassee, p-t., Shiawassee county, Mich., 
76 N. w. Detroit, 579 W. Situated on Shiawas- 
see r., and contains 2 stores, 1 flouring m., 1 saw- 
in., and is a growing v. There are in the t. 2 
stores, cap. $4,300 ; 1 tannery, 2 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $12,959. 4 sch. 83 scholars. Pop. 
426. 

Shickshinny, mt., Pa., runs along the w. side 
of Susquehanna r., which it crosses in Luzerne 
county. 

SnicKSHiNNY, p-o., Luzerne co.. Pa., 114 n. e. 
Harrisburg, 218 W. 

SHrELDSBORoUGH, p-v.. Capital of Hancock 
CO., Miss., 212 s. by e. .lackson, 1,162 W. Situ- 
ated on the vv. side of the mouth of St. Louis 
bay, which sets up from Lake Borgne. It con- 
tains a court house and about 100 inhabitants. 
Shiloh, p-v., Cumberland co., N. J. 
Shiloii, p-o.. King George co., Va. 
Shiloh, p-v., Camden co., N. C, 226 n. e. by 
E. Raleigh, 2S6 W. It contains about 150 in- 
habitants. 

Shiloii, p-o., Troup co., Ga., 128 w. Milledge- 
vilie, 732 W. 

•Shiloh, p-o., Marengo co., Ala., 97 s. Tusca- 
loosa, 909 W. 

Shiloh. p-o., Gibson co., Tenn., 149 w. Nash- 
ville, 823 W. 

Shi.ngle CreeKi p-o., St. Lawrence co., N. 
Y. 

Shinnecock, bay, Suffolk co., N. Y. It is 
about 10 miles long, and 3 to 4 broad, separated 
from the ocean by a narrow gand beach. It pro- 
duces large quantities of fine shell fish. 

Shinnston, p-v., Harrison co., Va., 265 n. w. 
Richmond, 233 W. It contains 1 church, free to 
all denominations, 2 stores, 1 grist m., 5 saw m., 
several lumber yards, 20 dwellings and about 
125 inhabitants. Lumber is extensively ex- 
ported. 

Shipley's Ferry, p-o., Sullivan co., Tenn., 
282 e. Nashville, 404 W. 

Shipped, p-t., McKean co.. Pa., 171 n. w. Har- 
risburg, 25 4 VV. The surface is mountainous and 
rough ; barren on the hills, with some fertile 
land in the valleys. Drained by Driftwood cr. 
and another branch of Sinnemahoning cr. It 
contains salt springs and salt works on Driftwood 
or. It has 1 store, cap. $5,000; 2 grist m., 11 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,150. Pop. 184. 

Snu'PEN, t., Cumberland co.. Pa. The surface 
is level ; soil, calcareous loam. It has 1 dis- 
tillery, 1 flouring m. Cap. in manufac. $9,000. 
1 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 18 4. 

ShippEiNsburg, ph., Cumberland co.. Pa., 34 
s. w. Harrisburg, 101 \V. It is situated on Meau's 
run, a branch of Conedogwinit cr., which affords 
water power. Incorporated in 1819, and con- 
tains 4 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Associate 
Reformed, 1 Lutheran, and I'Methodist; 18 stores, 
cap. $46,800; 3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 pottery, 
1 printing oflice, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in 
manulac. $28,850. 6 scii. 350 scholars. Pop. 
1,473. 
SHirpiNGPORT, v., Jefferson co., Ky. Sjtuated 



on Ohio r., at the foot of the rapids, and at the w. 
termination of the steamboat canal, 2 ms. below 
Louisville. It is virtually a suburb of Louisville, 
though it has a separate incorporation. It con- 
tains 10 stores, and about 700 inhabitants. 

Shippensville, p-v.. Clarion co.. Pa., 188 w. 
s. w. Harrisburg, 277 W. It contains 1 store, 
and about 20 dwellings. 

Shirema.ntown, p-v., Cumberland co., Pa., 4 
w. Harrisburg, 10 S W. 

Shirley, p-t., Piscataquis co., 3Ie., 84 n. by v.. 
Augusta, 679 W. Watered by head branches of 
Piscataquis r. Incorporated in 1834. It has 1 
flouring m., 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $2,200. 2 sch. 79 scholars. Pop. 190. 

Shirley, p-t., Middlesex co., Mass., 40 n. w. 
Boston, 423 W. The surface is low ; soil, fertile, 
particularly on the streams. Incorporated in 
1753. The v. at the centre contains 1 Congrega- 
tional and 1 Unitarian church. In the s. w. part 
is a society of Shakers, amounting to 200 persons, 
distinguished, as they always are, for neatness 
and industry. It has 3 stores, cap. $7,800; Scot- 
ton fac. 2,232 sp., 7 sch. 350 scholars. Pop. 957. 

Shirley, t., Huntington co.. Pa. It has 8 
stores, cap. $6,000 ; I furnace, 1 fulling m., 2 tan- 
neries, 1 poiter.y, 4 grist m., 8 saw m. Capital in 
manufactures $29,250. 1 sch. 20 scholars. Pop. 
1,174. 

Siiirleysburg, p-b., Shirley t., Huntingdon 
CO., Pa., 85 s. w'. Harrisburg, 130 VV. It contains 
3 stores, cap. $11,000; 1 tannery. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $3,3-25. 2 M;h. 45 scholars. Pop. 247. 

Shirley Village, p-v., Sliirley t., Middlesex 
CO., Mass., 41 N. w. Boston, 423 W. Situated on 
Nashua r., and contains a Universalist church, 
and several mills and manufactories. 

Shiwan, p o., Baltimore co., Md. 

Shoal Creek, p-o., Clinton co.. 111., 105 s. 
Springfield, 780 W. 

Shoal, creek. III., rises in Montgomery co., 
and flows into Kasliuskia r. 

Shoal Creek, p-o., Johnson co., Ark,, 100 n. 
w. Little Rock, 1,165 W. 

Shoal Ford, p-o., Limestone co., Ala., 166 n. 
Tuscaloosa, 721 W. 

Shoals of Ogeechee, pc, Hancock co., Ga., 
45 N. E. Milledgeville, 646 W. 

Shorer's Mills, p-o., Carroll co., O., 122 e. 
N. E. Columbus, 2'i5 W. 

Shocco, p-o., Oktibbeha co., Miss., 123 n. e. 
Jackson, 903 W. 

SiioKOKO.v, p o., Warren Co., 111., 117 n. w. 
Springfield, 868 W. 

Shop Spring, p-o., Newberry dist., S. C, 46 
vv. N. w. Columbia, 510 W. 

.SiioREHAM, p t., Addison co., Vt., 73 s. w. 

Montpelier, 469 W. It is bounded by w. by Lake 

Champlain, which is here half a mile wide, with 

a ferry to Ticonderoga, N. Y., opposite. The 

surface is level; soil, very fertile. Drained by 

Lemonfair river, which affords water power. It 

coiUains a Congregational and a Baptist church, 

and an academy. Iron ore is found, and the wa- 

I ters are impregnated with Epsom salts. Char- 

Itcrcd in 1761, first settled in 1766. It has 4 

j stores, cap. $39,000 : 1 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 2 

grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manuiac. $13,550. I 

academy 35 students, 14 sch. 420 scholars. Pop. 

1,674. 

Short Creek, p-t., Harrison co., O., 120 e. 
Columbus, 281 W. It has 9 sch. 233 scholars. 
Pop. 2,022. 

Short Tract, p-o.. Granger t., Alleghany co., 
N. Y., 266 w. by s. Albany, 345 W. 

Shol'ngola, p-o., Carroll co.. Miss., 114 N. 
Jackson, 975 W. 



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STL 



Shreve. p-0., Wayne co., O., 90 n. e. Colum- 
bus, 358 W. 

SiiREVEPORT, p-v., capital of Caddo par., La., 
380 N. w. New Orleans, 1,260 VV. Situated on 
w. side of Red r. It contains a court house, and 
several stores, and about 400 iniiabitants. 

Shre\v.sburv, river, Shrewsbury t., Monmouth 
CO., N. J., is a continuation of Sandy Hook bay, 
about 5 ms. long, and on an average about li m. 
wide. It receives Shrewsbury r. proper, 6 or 7 
ms. long. It has considerable salt marsh on its 
borders. 

Shrewsbury, p-t., Rutland co., Vt., 72 s. s. e. 
Montpelier, 466 W. The surface is mountainous, 
lying on the Green Mountain range, and contain- 
ing Shrewsbury peak, 4,100 feet above tidewater. 
The soil is well adapted to grazing. It has 2 
considerable ponds. Watered by i'\Iill and Cold 
rivers, which afford water power, and flow uito 
Otter Creek river. It contahis a small v. in its s. 
part, containing a Congregational church. There 
are in the t. 4 stores, cap. $12,000 ; 1 tannery, 2 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,500. 10 sch. 456 
scholars. Pop. 1,218. 

Shrewsbury, p-t., Worcester co., Mass., 37 w. 
Boston, 404 W. The surface is pleasantly diver- 
sified with hills and valleys, which are generally 
well cultivated. Long pond, about 4 miles long, 
and from 100 rods to about 1 mile wide, lies be- 
tween this t. and Worcester, and is, in some 
places, yO feet deep. It contains 12 islands, 
.some of them cultivated, and one, of 150 acres, 
has several families on it. Tliis pond is a prin- 
cipal feeder of Blackstone canal. The t. con- 
tains 1 Congi-egational, 1 Unitarian, and 1 Baptist 
church. Peat is found in a meadow in the s. 
part. It has 2 stores, cap. $3,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 
gri.st m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $27,500. 7 
sch. 275 scholars. Pop. 1,481. 

Shrewsbury, p-t., Monmouth co., N. J., 52 e. 
Trenton, 218 W. The surface is level ; soil, clay 
and sandy loam, or marl. Drained by Nevisink, 
Shrewsbury, and Shark rs. The shore of the 
Atlantic, which bounds it on the e., is generally 
high and bold, without marsh. Long Branch, 
with its fine boarding-houses, is in this t., and is a 
great place of summer resort. Tiie v. is between 
Shrewsbury and Nevisink rivers, and contains 2 
churches — 1 Presbyterian and 1 Episcopal — 2 
.stores, and about 20 dwellings. There are in the 
t. 34 stores, capital $64,120; 1 lumber yard, cap. 
$5,000 ; 1 furnace, 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 4 grist 
m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $16,240. 8 sch. 
405 scholars. Pop. 5,917. 

Shrewsbury, t., Lycoming co.. Pa. It has 1 
grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,250. 2 
sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 2S2. 

Shrewsbury, p-t., York co.. Pa., 3S s. Ilarris- 
burg, 76 W. The surface is undulating; soil, 
gravelly and poor. Watered by the branches 
of Codorus cr. The borough is in the s. part of 
the t., and contains 2 stores, cap. $16,500 ; 1 tan- 
nery. Cap. in manufactures $1,575. 1 sch. 65 
scholars. Pop. 310. There are in the t., exclu- 
sive of the borough, 2 stores, cap. .$6,000 ; 3 wool- 
len fac, 2 tanneries, 10 distilleries, 1 paper fac, 
7 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $19,775. 
3 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 1,323. 

Shrub O.vk, p-o., Yorktown t., Westchester 
CO., N. Y., 112 s. Albany, 275 W. 

Shush AN, p-v., Salem t., Washington co., N. ¥., 
47 N. E. Albany, 417 W. Situated on Battenkill 
r., and contains a Baptist church, Shushan Hall, 
a pubhc building, 1 store, 1 woollen fac, 1 grist 
m., 2 saw m., 25 dwellings, and about 150 inhab- 
itants. 

Shutesbury, p-t., Franklin co., Mass., 79 vv. 



Boston, 3J7 W. The surface is uneven and 
stony ; soil, indifferent. Watered by Swift r. It 
contains 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, and 1 Congrega- 
tional church. There is a pond, covering 700 
acres, in its n. part. It has 2 stores, cap. $4,000 ; 

1 grist m., 11 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,900. 

10 sch. 250 scholars. Pop. 987. 
SiACONSET, v., Nantucket co., Mass. Situated 

in the s. e. part of Nantucket island, having a 
fine view of the Atlantic, and open to its breezes. 
The V. contains 70 dwellings, compactly built, 
with a high cliff in its rear. It is a pleasant place 
of re.sort in the summer. 

SiBiLA, p-o., Washington par., La., 94 n. New 
Orleans, 1,131 W. 

Siddo.\sburg, p-v., Monahan t., York co.. Pa., 

11 s. Harrisburg, 103 W. 

Sidney, p-t., Kennebec co.. Me., 9 n. Augusta, 
604 W. Kennebec r. runs on its e. border, and 
Snow's pond lies on its w. border, which receives 
the waters of several other large ponds, and flows 
N. through Waterville into Kennebec r. Incor- 
porated in 1792. The soil is fertile, adapted to 
grain. It has 2 stores, cap. $1,450 ; 1 fulling m., 

2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $35,893. 18 sch. 833 scholars. Pop. 2,190. 

Sidney, p-t., Delaware co., N. Y., 93 s. \v. Al- 
bany, 334 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, well 
adapted to grazing. Drained by Oleout and other 
small crs., flowing into Susquehanna r. It has 1 
store, cap. $4,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 
grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $11,800. 11 
sch. 462 scholars. Pop. 1,732. 

Sidney, p-o., Hunterdon co., N. J., 35 n. Tren- 
ton, 195 W. 

Sidney, p-t., capital of Shelby co., O., 79 w. 
by N. Columbus, 473 W. The v. is situated on 
the w. branch of Great Miami r. It contains a 
brick court house, 44 feet square, a jail, 11 stores, 
80 dwellings, and 713 inhabitants. 

Sidney, p-v., Marshall co., la., 105 n. Indian- 
apolis, 626 W. 

Sidney, p-v., Champaign co.. 111., 104 e. by n. 
Springfield, 633 W. Situated on Salt Fork of 
Vermilion r. 

Sidney Centre, p-o., Sidney t., Delaware co., 
N. Y., 98 s. w. Albany, 333 W. 

Sidney Plains, p-v., Sidney t., Delaware co., 
N. Y'., 99 s. vv. Albany, 325 W. Situated on the 
e. side of Susquehanna r., and contains 1 Pres- 
byterian and 1 Baptist church, 2 stores, 20 dwell- 
ings, and about 100 inhabitants. 

SiEGLE, p-o., Lincoln co., N. C, 181 w. by s. 
Raleigl), 418 W. 

SiLOA, p-o., Sullivan co., la., 83 s. w. Indian- 
apolis, 659 W. 

SiLOAM, p-v., Smithficld t., Madison co., N. Y., 
110 w. by N. Albany, 364 W. It contains a 
church, a store, a grist m., and about 30 dwell- 
ings. 

SiLOA.M, p-v., Surry co., N. C, 141 w. n. w. 
Raleigh, 314 W. 

Silvan, t., Washtenaw co., Mich. It has 2 
saw m. 

Silver Creek, p-o., Hanover t, Chautauqua 
CO., N. Y. 

Silver Creek, t., Greene co., O. It contains 
the v. of Jamestown, and has 1 fulling m., 2 tan- 
neries, 3 distilleries, 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$4,000. 2 sch. 52 scholars. Pop. 2,447. 

Silver Creek, p-o., Cass co., Mich., 181 s. w. 
Detroit, 629 W. Watered by Dovvagiake r. 
The soil is fertile, adapted to grain and to graz- 
ing. It has 1 saw m., 2 sch. 51 scholars. Pop. 
183. 

Silver Creek, p-o., Madison co., Ky., 56 s 
E. Frankfort, 554 W. 



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614 



SIS 



Silver Creek, p-o., Maury co., Tenn., 5-1 s. 
Nashville, 712 W. 

Silver Creek, p-o., Stephenson co.. III., 206 
N. Springfield, 820 W. 

Silver Glade, p-o., Anderson dist., S. C, 137 
w. N. w. Columbia, 532 W. 

Silver L.\ke, jV. Y., is a beautiful sheet of 
water in Wyoming co., 3 ms. long, and three 
fourths of a mile wide, stocked witji fish brought 
originally from Lake Erie Its outlet flows into 
Genesee r. 

Silver Lake, p-o., Castile t., Wyoming co., 
N. Y., 248 w. Albany, 361 W. 

Silver Lake, p-t., Susquehanna co.. Pa., 184 
N. N. E. Harrisburg, 294 W. The surface is hilly ; 
soil, loam, clay, and gravel. Drained by branches 
of Choconut cr. and by Silver creek, flowing 
from Silver lake, a beautiful sheet of water, 
three fourths of a m. long, and half a m. wide. 
Two ms. N. E. is Quaker lake, a little larger, and 
another, a little smaller. It has 1 grist m., 4 .saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $2,150. 6 sch. 168 scho- 
lars. Pop. 907. 

Silver Spring, t., Cumberland co., Pa., 7 n. 
E. Carlisle. The surface is hilly, with fine val- 
leys ; soil, calcareous loam and slate. Drained 
by Conedogwinit cr. and its tributaries. It con- 
tains the V. of Kingston. There are in the t. 3 
stores, cap. Sjl4,000; 1 tannery, 2 distilleries, 5 
flouring m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,616. 
Pop. 1,938. 

SiLVERTON, p-v., Barnwell dist., S. C, 96 s. 
w. Columbia, 591 W. Situated on the e. side 
of Savannah r. 

Simmon's Tan Yard, p-o., Montgomery co., 
N. C, 101 w. s. w. Raleigh, 375 W. 

SiMMs Port, p-v., Avoyelles par., La., 237 n. 
vv. New Orleans, 1,194 W. 

Simonsville, p-v., Windsor co., Vt., 89 s. 
Montpelier, 451 W. 

Simpson, county. Miss. Situated a little s. of 
the centre of the slate, and contains 550 sq. ms. 
Pearl r. runs on its w. border, by branches of 
which it is drained. Capital, Westville. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 7,693, sheep 1,120, 
swine 13,271 ; wheat 2,131 bush, produced, Ind. 
corn 132,066, oats 2,677, potatoes 18,126, rice 
19,365 pounds, cotton 679,915 ; 9 grist m., 7 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $26,500. Pop. whites 
2,473, slaves 907 ; total, 3,330. 

Simpson, county, Ky. Situated in the s. part 
of the state, and contains 238 sq. ms. Drained 
by Drakes cr. and its branches, which flow N. 
into Big Barren r., and by branches of Red r., a 
tributary of Cumberland r. Capital, Franklin. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,948, sheep 
8,088, swine 14,134; wheat 45,590 bush, pro- 
duced, rye 1,486, Ind. corn 281,756, oats 106,333, 
potatoes 8,193, tobacco 708,131 pounds, cotton 
24,941, sugar 1,776; 7 stores, cap. $63,100; 6 
cotton fac. 244 sp., 2 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 3 
flouring m., 7 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $31,503. Pop. whites 5,004, slaves 1,493, 
free col'd 40 ; total, 6,537. 

Simp.son's, p-o., Floyd co., Va., 203 w. by s. 
Richmond, 278 W. 

Simpson's Mills, p-o., Laurens dist., S. C. 

Simpson's Store, p-o., Washington co., Pa., 
226 w. Harrisburg, 242 W. 

SiMPsoNviLLE, p-v., Shelby co., Ky., 31 w. 
Frankfort, 573 W. Situated on Floyds fork of 
Salt r. 

SiMSBURV, p-t., Hartford co., Ct., 13 n. Hart- 
ford, 349 W. The surface is hilly and mountain- 
ous, with level and fertile land on Farminglon r., 
by which it is watered. In the n. e. extremity 
is the flourishing manufacturing v. of Tariffville, 



on the vv. side of Farmington r., containing a car- 
pet fac. which produces 132,000 yards of carpet- 
ing annually. The P^armington canal, extending 
from New Haven to Northampton, Mass., passes 
near it. It has 5 stores, cap. $9,800 ; 1 woollen 
fac, 2 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 1 grist m., 2 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. 114,700. 13 sch. 378 scho- 
lars. Pop. 1,895. 

Si.MS Valley, p-o., Muskingum co., O.,'70 e. 
Columbus, 343 W. 

SiNA, t., Clinton co., Mich. 

SiNATOBY, p-o., De Soto CO., Miss., 185 n. Jack- 
son, 942 W. 

Sinclair's Bottom, p-o., Smyth co., Va., 281 
w. Richmond, 346 W. 

SiNCLAiRsviLLE, V., Charlotte t., Chautauque 
CO., N. Y. It contains 1 church, 3 stores, 2 grist 
m., 2 saw m., 1 machine shop, 2 clothiers' works, 
80 dwellings, and about 400 inhabitants. 

SiNEPUXENT, inlet, Worcester co., Md., on the 
Atlantic coast, is the entrance from the ocean 
into Sinepuxent bay, in 38° 10' 30" n. lat. The 
bay is long and narrow, separated from the 
ocean by Asaticque island. 

Sing Sing, p-v.. Mount Pleasant t., Westches- 
ter CO., N. Y., 116 s. Albany, 2.53 W. Situated 
on elevated and uneven ground, and has 4 land- 
ings, from which steamboats and vessels ply 
daily to New York. Incorporated in 1813, and 
contains 4 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episco- 
pal, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist — 18 stores, 1 ship 
yard, 1 iron foundry, 250 dwellings, and about 
2,500 inhabitants. It contains Mount Pleasant 
Academy for boys, with a fine marble edifice, 
and Mount Pleasant Female Seminary for young 
ladies, beautifully located. The Croton aqueduct 
bridge here, is an object of much interest. Sing 
vSing furnishes great quantities of fine marble for 
building. The quarries are chiefly wrought by 
convicts of the state prison, located here. It is 
situated half a m. s. of the v. The main build- 
ing is 84 feet long and 44 feet wide, 5 stories high, 
containing 1,000 cells. In front and rear are 
various workshops, with the keeper's house, a 
chapel, hospital, kitchen, and storehouses. There 
is a separate building, constructed of marble, of 
the Ionic order, for female convicts, with well 
furnished apartments for the matrons. Attached 
to the whole are 130 acres of land. 

Sinking Cane, p-o., Overton co., Tenn., 113 e. 
Nashville, 616 W. 

Sinking Creek, p-o., Botetourt co., Va., 204 
w. Richmond, 244 W. 

Sinking Creek, p-o., Bedford co., Tenn., 65 
s. Nashville, 699 W. 

■Sinking Spring, p-o., Berks co.. Pa., 47 E. 
Harrisburg, 151 W. 

Sinking Spring, p-v., Brush Creek t.. High- 
land CO., O., 84 s. w. Columbus, 421 W. It con- 
tains 2 stores, and 12 or 15 dwellings. 

Sinking Spring, p-o., Lawrence co., la., 78 
s. s. w. Indianapolis, 623 W. 

Sinking Valley Mills, p-o., Huntingdou 
CO., Pa., 114 w. Harrisburg, 173 W. 

SiNNEMAiiONiNG, r.. Pa., a tributary from the 
n. vv. of the w. branch of Susquehanna r., and is 
about 50 ms. long. 

SiNNE.MAHONiNG, p-0., Lycomiug CO., Pa., 119 
N. Harrisburg, 251 W. 

SiPPicAN, p-v., Rochester t., Plymouth co., 
Mass., 59 s. Boston, 446 W. It contains 1 Con- 
gregational and 1 Universalist church. The 
manufacture of salt is the principal business of 
the inhabitants. 

SissoNviLLE, p-v., Kanawha co., Va., 333 w. 
N. vv. Richmond, 358 W. Situated on Pocatalico 
r., a small branch of Kanawha r. 



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615 



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SisTERsviLLE, p-v., Tyler co., Va., 316 n. w. 
Richmond, 272 W. Situated on s. side of Ohio 
r., and contains 2 stores, 1 tannery, and about 250 
inhabitants. 

Six Mile, p-o., Union co., Ky., 227 w. by s. 
Franitfort, 751 W. 

Si.\ Mile, p-o., Jennings co., la., 70 s. s. e. In- 
dianapolis, 57(i W. 

Si.K Mile, p-t., Madison co., 111., 99 s. Spring- 
field, 814 W. It has 4 sch. 110 scholars. Pop. 
1,031. 

Six Mile Creek, p-o., Granby t., Cswego co., 
N. Y., 155 w. N. w. Albany, 372 W. 

S:x Mile Rr.\, p-o., Somerset co., N. J., 21 n. 
Trenton, 187 W. It contains 1 Dutch Reformed 
church, 1 store, and about 12 dwellings. The 
stream flows into Raritan r. 

Skeneateles Lake, N. Y., lies between Ca- 
yuga and Onondaga counties, and is 15 nis. long, 
and from one half to three fourths of a m. wide. 
Its shores present romantic and picturesque 
scenery, and its waters afford fine trout, weigh- 
ing from 5 to 10 pounds each. 

Skeneateles, p-t., Onondaga co., N. Y., 147 
w. Albany, 340 W. The surface is undulating ; 
soil, fertile, and well cultivated. Watered by the 
outlet of Skeneateles lake, which flows n. into 
Seneca r. The v. is pleasantly situated at the 
foot of Skeneateles lake. Incorporated in 1833, 
and contains 4 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Epis- 
copal, 1 Baptist, and 1 3Iethodist — 15 stores, 1 
woollen fac, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m., 1 machine 
shop, 1 tannery, 1 iron foundry, 2 carriage fac, 
200 dwellings, and about 1,400 inhabitants. A 
branch railroad extends 5 ms. to the Auburn and 
Syracuse railroad. There are in the t. 11 stores, 
cap. $96,880 ; 6 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 3 tan- 
neries, 2 distilleries, 1 brewery, 2 printing offi- 
ces, 2 weekly newspapers, 1 periodical, 6 flour- 
ing m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. .$299,098. 1 
acad. 60 students, 20 sch. 907 scholars. Pop. 
3,981. 

Skeggs Creek, p-o., Barren co , Ky., 135 .s. w. 
Frankfort, 656 W. 

Skelto.v, t., Warrick co., la. It has 3 sch. 
100 scholars. Pop. 1,287. 

Skiler.sville, p o., Muhlenburg co., Ky., 188 
s. w. Frankfort, 700 W. 

Ski.nner's Eddy, po., Luzerne co.. Pa., 159 
N. E. Harrisburg, 267 W. Situated on Susque- 
hanna r., 44 ms. above Wilkesbarre. 

Skinquarter, p-o., Chesterfield co., Vir- 
ginia. 

Skippack, p-t., Montgomery co., Pa., 86 e. 
Harrisburg, 165 W. Drained by Skippack cr. 
The surface is hilly ; soil, red shale. It has 4 
stores, cap. .$10,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 printing oflice, 
1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $3,400. 
Pop. 1,495. 

Skowiiegan, p-t., Somerset co., Me., 36 n. 
Augusta, 631 W. Situated on the n. side of 
Kennebec r., which here flows e. The soil is 
fertile and well cultivated. The v. is situated at 
Skowhegan falls, on the Kennebec, where there 
is a great water power, is well built, has a num- 
ber of mills, and considerable trade. A bridge 
across the Kennebec connects it with Bloomfield. 
It has 9 stores, cap. $15,600 ; 2 fulling m., 1 
woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. 
C'ap. in manufac. $8,325. 11 sch. 612 scholars. 
Pop. 1,584. 

Slab Town, p-v., Anderson dist., S. C, 130 
w. N. w. Columbia, 525 W. 

Slate, p-o., Bath co., Ky., 81 e. Frankfort, 
507 W. 

Slateford, p-o., Jackson co., la., 75 s. In- 
dianapolis, 591 W. 



Slate Hill, p-o., Minisink t., Orange co., N 
Y., 113 s. s. w. Albany, 276 W. 

Slate Lick, p-o., Armstrong co., Pa., 190 w. 
N. w. Harrisburg, 234 W. 

Slate Mill.s, p-o., Rappahannock co., Va., 
112 N. N. w. Richmond. 91 W. 

Slate Ridge, p-o., York co., Pa., 62 s. Har- 
risburg, 86 W. 

Slate Run, p-o., Franklin co., O., 6 n. Co- 
lumbus, 399 W. 

Slatersville, p-v., Smithfield t.. Providence 
CO., R. I., 19 N. w. Providence, 410 W. Situated 
on a branch of Pawtucket r. It contains 2 Con- 
gregational churches, and several mills and man- 
ufactories. 

Slatersville, p-v., Caroline t., Tompkins co., 
N. Y., 153 w. Albany, 304 W. Situated on Six 
Mile cr., and contains 1 Methodist church, 2 
stores, 1 flouring m., 2 saw m., 1 carding and full- 
ing m., 2 tanneries, 50 dwellings, and about 300 
inhabitants. 

Slaughter's Creek, p-o., Stewart co., Ga. 

Slawson, p-o., Switzerland co., la., 87 s. E. 
Indianapolis, 544 W. 

Sleepy Creek, p-o., Wayne co., N. C, 63 s. 
E. Raleigh, 293 W. 

Sleepy Creek, p-o., Edgefield dist., S. C, 74 
w. Columbia, 584 W. 

Slinkard's Mills, p-o., Greene co., la., 84 s. 
w. Indianapolis, 651 W. 

Slippery Rock, r;r.. Pa., rises in Mercer and 
Butler counties, and after a course of 35 ms., 
flows into Conequenessing cr., a little above its 
entrance into Big Beaver r. 

Slippery Rock, p-t., Butler co., Pa., 15 n. w. 
Butler, 22 w. n. w. Harrisburg, 263 W. The 
surface is hilly ; soil, loam. Drained by Slip- 
pery Rock cr., and its tributary, Wolf cr. It con- 
tains the v. of Centreville. There are in the t., 
3 stores, cap. $4,.500 ; 3 furnaces, 4 tanneries, 1 
pottery, 4 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$1 1,310. 10 sch. 472 scholars. Pop. 1,507. 

Slippery Rock, t., Beaver co.. Pa. It has 2 
stores, cap. $1,500; 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 7 
grist m., 8 saw ni., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. 
$21,150. 3 sch. 161 scholars. Pop. 1,224. 

Slippery Rock, t., Mercer co.. Pa. It has 3 
stores, cap. $3,300 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 6 
grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. .$3,000. 11 
sch. 395 scholars. Pop. 2,066. 

Sloansville, p-v., Schoharie t. and co., N. 
Y., 33 w. Albany, 392 W. Situated on Vly cr., 
on the Cherry Valley turnpike, and contains 1 
Baptist church, 4 stores, 1 grist m., several saw 
m., 50 dvvelling.s, and about 31)0 inhabitants. 

Sloa.vsville, p-o., Clermont co., O., 95 s. w. 
Columbus, 466 W. 

Sloyersville, p-o., Luzerne co., Pa. 

Smelsor's Mills, p-o.. Rush co., la., 45 e. s. 
E. Indianapolis, 537 \V. 

S.iiiTii, county, Tenn. Situated in the n. part 
ofthest;ite, and contains 590 sq. ms. Drained 
by Cumberland r. and (Jancy Fork, its tributary, 
and their branches. Capital, Carthage. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 16,181, sheep 20,944, 
swine 73,172 ; wheat 81,430 bush, produced, rye 
4,.58"2, Ind. corn 933,343, oats 117,552, potatoes 
12,779, tobacco 3,017,012 pounds, cotton 61, 2'15; 
14 stores, cap. .$53,600 ; 31 tanneries, 24 distiller- 
ies, 1 pottery, 53 grist m., 47 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $6,600. 1 college, 22 students, 4 acad. 87 stu- 
dents, 15 sch. 219 scholars. Pop. whites 16,627, 
slaves 4,388, free col'd 161 ; total, 21,179. 

Smith, county, Miss. Situated a little s. e. of 
the centre of the state, and contains 520 sq. ms. 
Drained by Leaf r. Capital, Raleigh. There 
were in 18^, neat cattle 9,994, sheep 741, swine 



SMI 



616 



SMI 



10,635 ; wheat 1,379 bush, produced, liid. corn 
66,993, oats 557, potatoes 8,740, rice 6,819 pounds, 
tobacco 654, cotton 442,503 ; 28 tanneries. Cap. 
in manufac. .$1,017. 4 sch. 79 scholars. Pop. 
whites 1,542, slaves 419 ; total, 1,961. 

Smith, t., Belmont co., Ohio. Drained by 
McMahon's or., which affords water power. It 
contains the villages of Jacobsburg and Centre- 
ville. Pop. 1,956. 

Smith, t., Washington co.. Pa. It has 4 stores, 
cap. $11,000; 1 tannery, 4 gri.st m., 4 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $18,850. 9 scii. 450 scliolars. 
Pop. 1,345. 

Smith, t., Columbiana co., O. Pop. 1,457. 
Smith, t., Posey co., la. Pop. 685. 
Smithd.\le, p-v., Amite co., 3Iiss., 30 s. e. by 
E. Natchez, 92 s. s. w. Jackson, 1,102 W. 

Smithfield, p-t., Somerset co.. Me. It has 2 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,650. 6 sch. 365 
scliolars. Poj). 789. 

Smithfield, p-t., Providence co., R. I., 16 n. 
Providence, 413 \V. The surface is undulating, 
and in some parts rough ; soil, gravelly and I 
sandy loam, and fertile if well tilled. Limestone 
abounds. Watered by Blackstone r., and a 
large branch, which crosses tiie n. w. part of the 
t., both of which afford good water power. 
Woonsocket v., situated at the falls of the same 
name in Blackstone r., lies partly in the t., and is 
a large manufacturing place, with great v^ater 
power. Slatersville in the n. w. part is also a 
manufacturing v. There are in th.e t. 33 stores, 
cap. $48,800 ; 10 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 31 
cotton fac. 88,20S sp., 1 paper fac, 13 grist m., 19 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,764,000. 1 acad. 
40 students, 45 sch. 1,841 scholars. Pop. 9,534. 

Smithfield, t., Madison co., N. Y., 106 w. 
Albany. The surface is hilly ; soil, very fertile. 
Drained by Canaseraga and Cowasalon creeks. 
It has 4 stores, cap. $23,000 ; 1 fulling in., 2 tan- 
neries, 2 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$16,950. 12 sch. 535 scholars. Pop. 1,699. 

Smithfield, t., Bradford co.. Pa. The sur- 
face is hilly ; soil, gravelly loam. Drained by 
Tom, Jacks, and Brown's creeks. It has 4 stores, 
cap. $19,000 ; 1 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 1 distil- 
lery, 1 grist m., 11 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$14,640. 11 sch. 420 scholars. Pop. 1,427. 

Smithfield, p-v., George t., Fayette co., Pa., 
188 w. s. w. Harrisburg, 204 W. It contains 1 
church, 3 stores, and about 65 dwellings. 

Smithfield, p-v., capital of Isle of Wight co., 
Va., 65 s. e. Richmond, 293 W. Situated on a 
creek or bay of James r., 15 ms. above Hampton 
Roads. It contains 12 stores, 200 dwellings, and 
about 900 inhabitants. 

Smithfield, p-v., capital of Johnson co., N. 
C, 27 s. E. Raleigh, 305 W. Situated on the e. 
side of Neuse r. It contains a court house, jail, 
and about 200 inhabitants. 

Smithfield, p-t., Jefferson co., O., 126 e. by 
N. Columbus, 273 W. It has 8 stores, cap. 
$12,000 ; 1 tannery, 3 flouring m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $8,030. 6 sch. 350 scholars. Pop. 2,095. 

Smithfield, p-o., Jackson co., Mich., 92 w. 
Detroit, 562 W. 

Smithfield, p-o., Delaware co., la., 65 n. e. 
Indianapolis, 522 W. Situated on the n. side of 
White r., and contains 1 store, 1 saw m., and 1 
grist m. 

Smithfield, p-v., Alexander co., III., 227 s. 
by E. Springfield, 861 W. 

Smithland, p-v., capital of Li^^ngston co., 
Ky., 264 s. w. by w. Frankfort, 796 W. Situa- 
ted on Ohio r., immediately below the mouth of 
Cumberland r., and contains 1 church, an hospital, 
12 stores, and about 900 inhabitant.". 



Smithland, p-v., Randolph co., Mo., 71 n. 
by w. Jefferson City, 960 W. 

Smith's, p-o., McMinn co., Tenn., 162 e. s. e 
Nashville, 562 W. 

Smithsboro', p-v., Tioga t. and co., N. Y., 
171 w. s. w. Albany, 272 W. Situated on the 
N. side of Susquehanna r., and contains 1 Me- 
thodist church, 3 stores, 1 saw m., 30 dwellings, 
and about 200 inhabitants. 

Smithsbdrg, p-v., Washington co., Md., 106 
N. w. Annapolis, 77 W. It contains about 75 in- 
habitants. 

Smith's Cross Roads, p-o., Rhea co., Tenn., 
127 E. s. E. Nashville, 573 W. 

Smith's Ferry, p-o., Beaver co., Pa., 240 w. 
N. Av. Harrisburg, 266 W. 

Smith's Ferry, p-o., Greene co., Ala., 57 s. 
by w. Tuscaloosa, 875 W. 

Smith's Ford, p-o., York dist., S. C, 94 n. 
Columbia, 445 W. 

Smith Fork, p-o., Hardin co., Tenn., 120 s. 
w. Nashville, 796 W. 

Smith's Island, N. C, situated at the mouth 
of Cape Fear r. The light-house stands on the 
w. side of the island, where is the main channel. 
Cape Fear is the s. point of the island. 

Smith's Landing, p-o., Atlantic co., N. J., 90 
s. Trenton, 200 W. 

S.MiTii's Mills, p-o., Hanover t., Chautauquc 
CO., N. Y., 313 w. by s. Albany, 360 W. 

S.mith's Mills, p-o., Clearfield co., Fa., 123 
-N. w. Harrisburg, 212 W. 

S.mith's Mills, p-o., Marion co., O., 52 n. 
Columbu.s 399 W. 

S.mith's Mills, p-o., Henderson co., Ky., 209 
vv. by s. Frankfort, 736 W. 

Smith's Mills, p-o., Carroll co., Miss., 105 n 
Jackson, 992 W. 

S.mith's Port, p-v., capital of McKean co.. 
Pa., 196 N. w. Harrisburg, 279 W. Situated at 
the confluence of Stanton and Potatoo creeks, 
and contains a court house, county offices, all of 
brick, a stone jail, an academy well endowed, 
2 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 fulling m., and 
about 50 dwellings. 

Smith's Store, p-o., Spartanburg dist., S. C, 
87 N. w. Columbia, 481 W. 

Smithsvii.le, p-v., Abbeville dist., S. C, 94 
w. Columbia, 520 W. 

Smithton, p-o.. Broome t., Schoharie co., N. 
Y., 41 w. Albany, 364 W. 

Smithton, p-v., St. Clair co.. 111., 108 s. Spring- 
field, 817 W. 

Smitiitow.\, p-t., Suffolk co., N. Y., 2S w. 
Riverhead, 191 s. s. E. Albany, 48 e. New York, 
271 W. The surface is generally level ; soil, 
sandy loam. Long Island sound bounds it ou 
the n. Drained by Nesaquake r., which affords 
water power. The v., at the head of boat navi- 
gation on the Nesaquake r., contains 1 store, 1 
fulling m., 1 grist m., and about 15 dwellings; 
2 ms. E. there is another v., containing a Presby- 
terian church, a store, and about 20 dwellings. 
There are in the t. 10 stores, cap. $18,300 ; 1 ful- 
ling m., 1 woollen fac, 7 sch. 399 scholars. 
Pop. 1,932. 

Smithtown Bay, N. Y., is an indentation of 
Long Island on the n. of Smithtown t. It affords 
good anchorage ground during ea.sterly storms. 
It abounds with fish and wild fowl. 

Smithville, t., Chenango co., N. Y., 15 w. 
Norwich, 131 w. Albany. The surface is un- 
dulating ; soil, sandy loam. Drained by Gene- 
ganslette cr., and other small streams flowing 
into (.'henango r., which afford water power. 
I It has 3 stores, cap. $9,500 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist 
I m., 15 saw m., 19 sch. 667 scholars. Pop. 1,762. 



SNI 



617 



SOD 



Smithville, p-v., Adams t., .Tefferson eo., N. 
Y., 179 N. w. Albany, 410 W. It contains 1 
Presbyterian churoh, 2 stores, 1 carriage fac, 1 
distillery, 30 dwellings, and about 200 inhabit- 
ants. 

Smithvilt^k, p-v., Powhatan co., Va., 39 w. 
Richmond, 156 W. It contains I Presbyterian 
church, 1 store, 1 flouring m., and about 50 in- 
habitants. 

Smithville, p-v., Lancaster co., Pa., 46 e. s. 
E. Harrisburg, 103 W. 

Smithville, p-v., capital of Brunswick co., 
N. C, 173 s. Raleigh, 31)0 W. It is situated on 
the w. side of Cape Fear r., 2 ms. above its 
mouth. It has a safe and commodious harbor, 
and contains a court house, jail, hospital, and a 
3Iethodist church, 3 stores, 60 dwelling.s, and 
about 200 inhabitants. It is considered one of 
the most healthy places in the state. 

Smithville, p-v., Wayne co., O., 101 n. e. 
Columbus, 348 W. 

Smithville, p-v., capital of De Kalb co., 
Tenn., 61 e. Nashville, 620 W. Situated vv. of 
Caney fork of C'umberland r., and contains a 
Methodist church, and about 250 inhabitants. 

Smithville, p-v., capital of Lawrence co., 
Ark., 125 N. N. E. Little Rock, 1,012 VV. Situated 
on the N. side of Strawberry r., and contains a 
court house, jail, and about 75 inhabitants. 

Smithville Flatts, p-v., Smithville t., (^he- 
nanao co., N. Y., 125 w. Albany, 319 W. Situ- 
ated on Geneganslette cr., and contains 1 Bapti-st 
church, 5 stores, 1 grist m., I saw m., 1 scythe 
and axe fac, 1 rake and pail fac, 1 clothier's 
works, 1 tannery, 60 dwellings, and about 200 
inhabitants. 

Smoky Hollow, p-v., Claverack t., Columbia 
CO., N. Y., 37 s. s. E. Albany, 349 W. It contains 
1 woollen fac, 1 grist m., 1 machine shop, and 
about 20 dwellings. 

Smoky Ordinary, p-o., Brunswick co., Va., 
64 s. s. w. Richmond, 117 W. 

Smyrna, p-o., Aroostook co.. Me. 

Smyrna, p-t., Chenango co., i\. Y., 103 w. Al- 
bany, 351 W. The surface is hilly; soil, gene- 
rally fertile, particularly in the valleys. Drained 
by tributaries of Chenango r., which afTord water 
power. First settled in 1792. It has 5 stores, 
cap. S12,200 ; 1 lumber yard, cap. $13,000 ; 3 full- 
ing m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 12 
saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $29,975. 15 
sch. 703 scholars. Pop. 2,216. 

Smyrna, p-v., Kent co., Del., 12 n. by w. Do- 
ver, 132 W. Situated on a branch of Duck cr., 
and contains a church, 3 stores, and about 600 in- 
habitants. 

Smyrna, p-v., Harrison co., O., 99 e. n. e. Co- 
lumbus, 299 W. 

Smvthe, county, Va. Situated in the s. w. part 
of the state, and contains 480 sq. ms. The surface 
is broken ; soil, fertile, on the streams. Drained by 
head branches of Holstonr. and of New: r. Capital, 
Marion. There were in 1840, neat cattle 9,157, 
sheep 10,357, swine 16,392; wheat 5I,5S9 bush, 
produced, rye 6,811, Ind. corn 221,431, buckwheat 
4,147, oats 178,330, potatoes 33,829, sugar 54,842 
pounds ; 11 stores, cap. $29,307 ; 2 forges, 10 tan- 
neries, 6 distilleries, 1 pottery, 21 grist m., 15 saw- 
in. Cap. in manufac $7,7tX). 3 acad. 100 stu- 
dents, 7 sch. 198 scholars. Pop. whites 5,539, 
slaves 833, free col'd 145 ; total, 6,522. 

Sneedsboro', p-v., Anson co., N. C, 137 s. w. 
Raleigh, 426 W. Situated on w. side of Yadkin 
r., and contains about 30 inhabitants. 

Snicker's Ferry, p-o., Clarke co., Va., 164 
N. N. w. Richmond, 56 W. 

S.vicKERSviLLE, p-v., Loudon CO., Va., 168 n. 
78 



Richmond, 52 W. Situated I m. from Snicker's 
Gap, of the Blue Ridge. It has a neat church, 2 
stores, several mechanic shops, and 20 or 25 
dwellings. 

Snidbr.sville, p-v., Monongalia co., Va., 287 
N. w. Richmond, 220 W. 

Snoddv's, p-o., Buckingham co., Va. 

Snoddyville, p-v., Jefferson co., Tenn., 12 n. 
E. Dandridge, 226 e. Nashville, 470 W. 

Snow Camp, p-o., Orange co., N. C, 53 n. w. 
Raleigh, 3.)4 W. 

Snow Creek, p-o., Franklin co., Va., 177 w. 
s. w. Richmond, '^b'i W. 

Snow Creek, p-o., Iredell co., N. C, 176 w. 
Raleigh, 377 W. 

Snow Creek, p-o., Maury co., Tenn., 39 s. s. 
w. Nashville, 716 W. 

Snow Hill, p-v., port of entry, and capital of 
Worcester co., Md., 115 s. e. Annapolis, 155 W. 
Situated on Pocomoke r. It contains a court 
house, jail, an academy, 5 churches — 1 Presby- 
terian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Methodist Episcopal, 1 Me- 
thodist Protestant, and 1 African Methodist — 9 
stores, 100 dwellings, and 800 inhabitants. Ton- 
nage, 1840, 7,640. 

Snow Hill, p-v., capital of Greene co., N. C, 
89 E. s. e. Raleigh, 299 W. Situated on a small 
branch of Neuse r. It contains a courthouse, 
jail, and about 100 inhabitants. 

Snow Hill, p-v., Clinton co., O., 74 s. s. w. 
Columbus, 448 W. 

Snow Hill, p-v.. Walker co., Ga., 211 n. w. 
3iilledgeville, 625 W. 

Snow Hill, p-v., Wilcox co., Ala., 112 s. Tus- 
caloosa, 8S7 W. It contains about 50 iidiabitants. 

Snow Shoe, pt.. Centre co.. Pa., 101 n. w. 
Harrisburg, 193 W. It has 2 grist m. Cap. in 
manufac. $600. 1 sch. 12 scholars. Pop. 162. 
j Snow's Store, p-o., Windsor co., Vt., 46 s. 
Montpelier, 492 W. 

Snowsville, p-v., Choctaw co.. Miss., 110 n. 
N. E. .lackson, 936 W. 

Snyder, t., Jefferson co.. Pa. It has 1 store, 
cap. $2,500 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $9,700. 1 sch. 16 scholars. 
Pop. 291. 

Snydersville, p-v., Monroe co.. Pa., 116 n. e. 
Harri.sburg, 209 W. It contains 1 store, 1 saw 
m., 1 grist m., and a few dwellings. 

Snydersville, p-o., Knox co., la. 

Soccapatoy, p-o., Coosa co., Ala., 132 e. s. 
E. Tuscaloosa, 799 W. 

Social Circle, p-o., Walton co., Ga., 60 n. w. 
Miiledgeville, 612 W. 

Social Hill, p-o., Cherokee co., Ga., 109 n. 
w. Miiledgeville, 654 W. 

Sociality, p-o., Dayton t., Cattaraugus co., 
N. Y., 309 w. by s. Albany, 347 W. 

Society Land, t., Hillsborough co., N. H. It 
has 2 sch. 34 scholars. Pop. 133. 

•Society Hill, p-v., Darlington dist., S. C, 
108 E. N. E. Columbia, 438 W. Situated on w. 
side of the (ireat Pedec r., and contains 3 
churches — I Baptist, 1 Episcopal, and 1 3Ietho- 
dist— and 40i) inhabitants. 

Society Hill, p-v., Macon co., Ala., 167 s. E. 
Tuscaloosa, 784 W. Situated near Ufapee cr., 
and contains about 75 inhabitants. 

SoDDY, p-o., Hamilton co., Tenn., 137 s. e. 
Nashville, 590 W. 

SoDUS, bay, N. V., in Wayne co., 5 ms. long, 
and from 1 to 3 wide, opens into Lake Ontario. 
It is navigable, and at its mouth have been con- 
structed extensive piers and lighthouses. It is 
often called Great Sodus bay. 

SoDUS, p-t., Wayne co., N. Y., 12 n. Lyons, 
195 w. N. w. Albany, 371 W. The surface de- 



SOM 



618 



SOM 



dines gently towards Lake Ontario, which 
bounds It on the n. with Sodus bay on the n. e. 
Drained by Salmon cr. and other streams, flow- 
ing into the lake or the bay. The v., situated on 
the ridge road, 5 ms. s. of the lake, contains 3 
churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, and 1 
Methodist — 6 stores, I steam saw m., 1 tannery, 
50 dwellings, and about 350 inhabitants. There 
are in the t. 8 stores, cap. $13,900; 3 fulling m., 
4 tanneries, 1 distillery, 4 grist m., 20 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $3,400. 22 sch. 1,43'J scholars. 
Fop. 4,472. 

SoDUs Centre, p-o., Sodus t., Wayne co., IS'. 
y., 191 w. N. w. Albany, 367 W. 

SoDus Point, p-v., port of entry, Sodus t., 
Wayne co., N. Y., 201 w. n. w. Albany, 377 W. 
Situated at the entrance of Great Sodus bay, 
with a good harbor, and contains 1 store, 1 steam 
saw m., and 25 dwellings. 

Solemn Grove, p-o., Moore co., N. C, 90 s. 
w. Raleigh, 377 W. 

Soi.ESBURY, t., Bucks CO., Pa. Tlie surface is 
rolling ; soil, clay and sandy loam. Delaware 
r. bounds it on tlie n. and e. Here is Ingham's, 
or Great Spring, which is clear and cold in the 
summer, and does not freeze in the winter, and 
discharges a stream which, with 18 or 20 feet 
fall, would drive a grist m., with two run of 
stones, through the year. There are 5 good mill 
seats upon it before it (lows into Delaware r., a 
distance of 3 ms. There are in the t. 4 villages, 
and 2 bridges across the Delaware. It has 4 
stores, cap. $12,300; 1 tannery, 1 paper fac, 2 
flouring m., 7 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $52,275. 8 sch. 381 scholars. Pop 2,038. 

Solon, p-t., Somenset co.. Me., 18 n. Norridge- 
wock, 52 N. Augusta, 6 17 W. Kennebec r. bounds 
it on the w. The soil is fertile, adapted to grain. 
It has a considerable pond in its n. e. part. A 
small tributary of Kennebec r. wafers it in the 
N. w. It has 4 stores, cap. $6,500 ; 1 fulling m., 
1 tannery, 2 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$2,200. 8 sch. 507 scholars. Pop. 1,139. 

Solon, p-t., Cortland cc, N. Y., 12 e. Cortland, 
138 w. Albany, 323 W. The surface is undula- 
ting; soil, gravel, clay, and sandy loam, adapted 
to grazing. Drained by Ostelic r. and its tributa- 
ries. It has I store, cap. $4,000 ; 1 grist m., 3 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $11,500; 20 sch. 747 
scholars. Pop. 2,311. 

Solon, p-t., Cuyahoga co., O., 154 n. n. e. Co- 
lumbus, 344 W. Watered by Chagrin r. and its 
branches, which afford extensive water power, 
and by Tinkers cr. It has 1 store, cap. $500 ; 1 
grist m., 2 saw m., 8 sch. 280 scholars. Pop. 
774. 

Solus, p-o.. Wood co., Va., 303 w. n. w. Rich- 
mond, 271 W. 

Someufield, p-o., Somerset co.. Pa., 1.58 w. 
Harrisburg, 174 W. 

SoMERFORD, t., Madison co., O. It has 1 grist 
m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,150. 8 sch. 
300 scholars. Pop. 761. 

SoMERs, p-t., Tolland co., Ct,, 23 n. e. Hart- 
ford, 359 W. The surface is level on the w., and 
elevated and mountainous on the k., affording an 
extensive view of the valley of Connecticut r., 
and reaching to the city of Hartford. It contains 
1 Congregational and 1 Methodist church. The 
V. at the centre contains 1 church, 4 or 5 stores, 
and 30 or 40 dwellings. Straw hats and bonnets 
are extensively manufactured. It has 6 stores, 
cap. $37,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac., 10 sch. 
446 scholars. Pop. 1,621. 

SoMERS, p-t., Westchester co., N. Y., 20 n. 
White Plains, 119 s. Albany, 274 W. The sur- 
face is partly uneven, with some extensive 



plains ; soil, adapted to grass and grain. Watered 
by Croton r. and its tributaries. The v. contains 

2 churches, 2 stores, and 35 or 40 dwellings. 
There are in the t. 4 sch. 62 scholars. Pop. 
2,032. 

SoMERs, t., Preble co., O. Pop. 1,820. 

Somerset, county, Me. Situated in the n. w. 
part of the state, and contains 3,600 sq. ms 
Watered by Kennebec r., which flows from Um- 
bagog lake, on its e. border, and by various 
branches. There are many lakes in its upper 
parts. The surface is various ; soil, in its lower 
parts, generally fertile. The N. part is still a 
wilderness. Capital, Norridgewock. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 27,366, sheep 66,062, swine 
1 1,650 ; wheat 132,487 bush, produced, rye 10,882, 
Ind. corn 71,134, buckwheat 1,334, barley 18,372, 
oats 197,96S, potatoes 1,033,718, sugar 94,121 
pounds ; 77 stores, cap. $94,510; 13 fulling m., 1 
woollen fac, 20 tanneries, 2 potteries, 44 grist m., 
75 saw m., 1 oil m., 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. 
in manufac. $305,291. 4 acad. 155 students, 333 
sch. 13,179 scholars. Pop. 33,912. 

Somerset, county, N. J. Situated a little n. 
of tlie centre of the state, and contains 275 sq. ms. 
The surface is various ; soil, fertile, particularly 
on the streams. Watered by Raritan r. and its 
branches. Capital, Somerville. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 15,776, sheep 16,754, swine 
14,026; wheat 40,780 bush, produced, rye 124,793, 
Ind. corn 270,969, buckwheat 52,060, barley 1,846, 
oats 313,245, potatoes, 76,845; 64 stores, cap. 
$142,200 ; 6 lumber yards, cap. $42,000 ; 9 fulling 
m., 6 woollen fac, 14 tanneries, 14 distilleries, 1 
pottery, 1 flouring m., 30 grist m., 30 saw m., 1 
oil m., 3 printing offices, 1 bindery, 2 weekly 
newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $271,129. 1 col- 
lege, 115 students, 1 acad. 56 students, 48 sch. 
1,313 scholars. Pop. 17,455. 

Somerset, county. Pa. Situated toward the 
s. w. part of the state, and contains 1,000 sq. ms. 
Drained by branches of Conemaugh r. and Castle- 
man's branch of Youghiogheny r. It has Laurel 
Hill mt. on its n. w. border, and Alleghany mt.on 
its s. E. border, between wliich the surface is un- 
even, and the soil adapted to grain and to graz- 
ing. Capital, Somerset. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 31,000, sheep 36,900, swine 25,720; 
wheat 118,100 bush, produced, rye 169,.55l). Ind. 
corn 32,940, buckwheat 46,650, oats 621,200, 
potatoes 134,800, sugar 299,800 pounds ; 46 stores, 
cap. .$168,500; 13 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 20 
tanneries, 47 distilleries, 1 brewery, 9 potteries, 2 
printing offices, 3 weekly newspapers, 2 flouring 
m., 64 grist m., 141 saw m., 4 oil m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $116,310. 21 sell. 476 scholars. Pop. 
19,650. 

Somerset, county, Md. Situated in the s. e. 
part of the state, and contains 500 sq. ms. Nan- 
ticoke r. bounds it on the n. w. Drained by Po- 
comoke, Wicomico, and Manokin rivers. Capi- 
tal, Princess Anne. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 11,22-4, sheep 11,558, swine 20,010 ; wheat 
36,778 bush, produced, Ind. corn 423,102, oats 
125,697, potatoes 52,091 ; 72 stores, cap. $97,375 ; 

3 lumber yards, cap. $30,000 ; 5 tanneries, 28 
grist m., 19 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $25,750. 
1 college, 20 students, 2 acad. 26 students, 23 sch. 
614 scholars. Pop. whites 11,485, slaves 5,377, 
free col'd 2,646 ; total, 19,508. 

Somerskt, p-t., Bristol co., Mass., 44 s. Boston, 
418 W. Situated on the w. side of Taunton r., 
which is navigable to this place for vessels of con- 
siderable burden. Incorporated in 1790. It con- 
tains 4 churches — 2 Baptist, 1 3Ielliodist, and 1 
Friends. It has some shipping ; and ship-building 
is a considerable business. It has 6 stores, cap. 



SOM 



619 



SOU 



8 sch. 143 



$8,250. Cap. in manufac. $4,425 
scholars. Pop. 1,005. 

Somerset, t., Windham co., Vt., 15 n. e. Ben- 
nington. Tlie surface is mountainous, lying on 
the Green mountain range, and containing a part 
of it called Mount Pisgali. Drained by Deer- 
field r. and its branch, Moose r. It has 4. saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $1,050. 3 sch. 89 scholars. 
Pop. 262. 

Somerset, p-t., Niagara co., N. Y., 14 n. e. 
Lockport, 276 vv. by n. Albany, 419 W. The 
surface is level; soil, sandy and clay loam. Lake 
Ontario bounds it on the n. Watered by Golden 
Hill cr. and other small streams flowing into the 
lake. It has 2 stores, cap. .$7,801) ; I tannery, 2 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,275. 6 sch. 319 
scholars. Pop. 1,742. 

Somerset, t., Washington co.. Pa. It has 4 
stores, cap. $3,600 ; 1 tannery, 1 flo\u-ing m. Cap. 
in manufac. $3,000. 8 sch. 279 scholars. Pop. 
1,620. 

Somerset, p-b., Somerset t., capital of Somer- 
set CO., Pa., 40 w. Harrisburg, 166 W. It is situ- 
ated on Cox's cr. Incorporated in 1804, and con- 
tains a court hou.se, jail, of stone, county offices, 
of brick, an academy, and 3 churches — 1 German 
Reformed, 1 Lutheran, and 1 Methodist ; 7 stores, 
cap. $33,000 : 1 fuUnig m., 3 tanneries, 1 brewery, 
2 potteries, 2 printing offices, 3 weekly news- 
papers. Cap. in manufac. $11,800; 1 sch. 87 
scholars. Pop. 63S. 

Somerset, t., Somerset co.. Pa. The surface 
is rolling ; soil, yellow clay. Drained by Laurel 
Hiil, Middle, and Cox's creeks. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $6,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 9 disti'leries, 

1 pottery, 11 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $8,200. 1 sch. 30 scliolars. Pop. 2,711. ^ 

Somerset, p-t., capital of Perry co., O., 47 e. 
s. E. Columbus, 358 W. The v. contains a court- 
house, jail, 9 stores, 120 dwellings, and about 750 
inhabitants. There are in the t. 13 stores, cap. 
$18,750; 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 2 printing offices, 

2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $18,367. 
1 acad. 60 students, 4 sch. 160 scholars. Pop. 
947. 

Somerset, t., Belmont co., O. It has 1 sch. 
30 scholars. Pop- 1,933. 

Somerset, p-v., capital of Pulaski co., Ky., 84 
s. s. E. Frankfort, 590 VV. Situated 5 ms. n. of 
Cumberland r., and contains a court house, jail, 
and about 240 inhabitants. 

Somerset, p-l., Hillsdale co., Mich. It con- 
tains some of the highest land in the state ; soil, 
fertile, adapted to grain. It has 1 store, cap. 
$3,6'J0 ; 3 saw m. ( ap. in manufac. $3,400. 4 
sch. 85 scholars. Pop. 716. 

Somerset, p-o., Monroe co., Mo., 83 N.Jeffer- 
son City, 943 W. 

Somers Point, p-v., Atlantic co., N. J., 91 s. 
Trenton, 201 W. Port of entry for Great Egg 
Harbor dist. Situated on Great Egg Harbor bay. 
It contains a boarding house, much resorted to for 
sea-bathing in the summer season. 

Somersworth, t., Strafford co., N. H., 45 e. 
Concord. Bounded on the N. E. and e. by Sal- 
mon Falls r. Cocheeo r. bounds it on the s. w. 
First settled in 1750. At Quamphigan falls, in 
the r. in the n. part of this t., at the head of tide- 
water, is a large manufacturing v. Vessels of 
250 tons come within a mile of it. It is denom- 
inated Great Fulls v., and contains 4 churches, 
very extensive cotton and woollen factories, and 
about 2,500 inhabitants. There are in the t. 30 
stores, cap. $42,890 ; 12 fulling m., 1 woollen 
fac, 4 cotton fac. 40,012 sp., 2 grist m. Cap. in 
manufac. $966,250. 1 acad. 20 students, 13 sch. 
835 scliolars. Pop. 3,233. 



Somerton, p-o., Moreland t., Philadelphia co., 
Pa., 113 e. by s. Harrisburg, 153 W. 

Somerton, pv., Nansemond co., Va., 95 s. e. 
Richmond, 214 W. It contains 1 Methodist 
church, 1 store, and about 75 inhabitants. 

Somerton, p-v., Somerset t., Belmont co., O., 
107 e. Columbus, 293 W. Situated on the s. 
fork of Captuia cr., and contains 1 Methodist and 

1 Friends church, 2 stores, several mechanic 
shops, 2 tobacco houses, about 30 dwellings, and 
180 inhabitants. Tobacco has been extensively 
cultivated in the neigliborhood. 

SoMERviLi^E, p-v., Rossie t., St. Lawrence co., 
N. Y., 176 N. N. w. Albany, 445 W. It contains 

2 stores, 30 dwellings, and about 175 inhabitants. 
So.MERViLLE, p-v.. Capital of Somerset co., N. 

J., 31 N. Trenton, 202 W. Situated 1 m. n. of 
Raritan r., and contains a court house, jail, 1 
Dutch Reformed and 1 Methodist church, an 
academy, a female seminary, 7 stores, 1 grist m., 
over 100 dwellings, many oi' them neat, and about 
800 inhabitants. 

SoMERvii.i>E, p-v., Fauquier co., Va., 83 N. by 
w. Richmond, 70 W. 

SoMERviLi.E, p-v., capital of Morgan co., Ala., 
133 N. N. E. Tuscaloosa, 732 W. Situated 5 ms. 
s. of Tennessee r., and contains a court house, 
jail, and about 250 inhabitants. 

SoMERviLLE, p-v.. Capital of Fayette co., 
Tenn., 185 w. s. w. Nashville, 871 W. Situated 
half a mile s. of Loosa Hatchie r., and contains 
a court house, jail, 3 churches, a male and female 
academy, a bank, and 7.50 inhabitants. Somer- 
ville College has been chartered here, and a 
building is in process of erection. 

So.MERViLLE, p-v., Milford t., Butler co., O., 
101 w. s. w. Columbus, 494 W. It contains 4 
stores, about 50 dwellings, and 300 inhabitants. 

SoMEN.\uK, p o., De Kalb co.. 111., 182 n. n. e. 
Springfield, 775 W. 

Sooy's Inx, p-o., Burlington co., N. J., 55 s. 
Trenton, 179 VV. 

SoREL Horse, p-o., Montgomery co., Pa., 113 
E. Harrisburg, 153 W. 

SoRBY, p o., Wayne co., Tenn., 1 10 s. w. Nash- 
ville, 786 W. 

SoucH.vHATCHE, po., Macon CO., Ala., 149 s. 
E. Tuscaloosa, 796 W. 

SouiiEG.w, river, N. IL, rises in a pond in 
Ashburnham, Mass., and flows into New Ipswich, 
in the s. w. part of Hillsboro' co., N. H., and 
thence n. e. and e., until it enters Merrimac r., 
in 3Ierrimac t. 

South Albion, p-v., Albion t, Kennebec co.. 
Me., 25 N. e. Augusta, 620 W. 

South Alton, p-v., Alton t., Belknap co., N. 
II., 28 n. e. Concord, 509 W. 

South Amenia, p-o., Amenia t., Dutchess co., 
N. Y., 68 s. Albany, 325 W. 

South Amherst, p-o., Hampshire co., Mass. 

South Amboy, t., Middlesex co., N. J. Raritan 
r. bounds it on the n., Karitan bay on the n. e., 
and Millstone river on the s. w. The surface is 
level ; soil, sandy. Drained by South r. and its 
tributaries. The Camden and Amboy railroad 
runs through it. The v. is at the head of Raritan 
bay, at tiie mouth of Raritan r., I in. s. of Perth 
Amboy. It has a good harbor. The above rail- 
road terminates here, and is connected by a 
steamboat line with the city of New York. It 
contains a large manufactory of stoneware, from 
excellent clay in the vicinity, and about 20 
dwellings. There are in the t. 3 stores, capital 
$1,400 ; 1 pottery, 1 paper fac, 1 grist m., 1 saw 
m. Cap. in manufactures $24,100. 6 sch. 198 
scholars. Pop. 1,825. 

Southampton, p-t., Rockingham co., N. H., 



sou 



620 



SOU 



39 s. Concord, 474 W. The surface is generally 
level ; soil, fertile. Drained by Powow r., which 
affords good water power. Incorporated in 171'2. 
It has 4 stores, cap. $3,500 ; 1 fulling ni., I grist 
in., 1 saw m. 1 ai'ademy 25 students, 4 sch. 132 
scholars. Pop. 462. 

SonTiiAMi'TON, p-t., Hampshire co., Mass., 9 
s. w. Northampton, 102 w. by .s. Boston, 372 W. 
Manhan r. [lastes twice through the t., first from 
N. to s. into the .\. part of VVestfield, and return- 
ing passes through it to the n. e. It affords good 
water power. The canal from New Haven to 
Northampton passes through the t., along Manhan 
r. It has a lead mine in its n. part. Tlie v. at 
the centre contains a Congregational church and 
an academy. It ha.s 4 stores, cap. $1,800; Hull- 
ing m., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $8,900. 1 acad. 40 students, 7 sch. 370 
scholars. Pop. 1,157. 

SoiTTUAMPTOiN, p-t., Suffolk CO., N. Y., 250 s. 
S. E. Albany, 330 W. The surface is generally 
level ; soil, light sand and sandy loam, and fer- 
tile if well manured. It is a large t., at the k. 
part of Long Island, extending from (ireat and 
Little Peconic bays on the n., to the Atlantic 
ocean on the s. 1'he v. is situated on the post- 
road running on the s. side of Long Island, and 
contains 1 Presbyterian church, an academy, 
several stores and mechanic shops, 3 wind m., 50 
dwellings, and about 400 inhabitants. Tiiere are 
in the t. 53 stores, cap. $153,800 ; 2 woollen fac, 
1 pottery, 2 printing offices, 2 weekly and 1 semi- 
weekly newspapers, 10 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $lfi,315. 2 acad. 90 students, 31 sch. 
1,281 scholars. Pop. 6,205. 

Southampton, county, Va. Siiuated in the 
s. E. part of the state, and contains 6 18 sq. miles. 
Meherrin r. runs on its s. w. border, and Black- 
water r. runs on il.s k. border. Drained by Not- 
taway r. and its branches. Capital, Jerusalem. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 10,01)3, sheep 
7,967, swine 43,663 ; wheat 9,730 bush, produced, 
rye 3,032, Ind. corn 553,895, oats 71,312, potatoes 
88,036, rice 1,080 pounds, tobacco 25,346, cotton 
851,315 ; 20 stores, capital $56,250 ; 1 tannery, 24 
grist m. Cap. in munufac. $6,300. 2 acad. 40 
students, 22 sch. 409 scholars. Pop. whites 5,171, 
slaves 6,555, free col'd 1,799; total, 14,525. 

Southampton, t., Somerset co.. Pa. It has 1 
store, cap. $3,000 ; 1 tannery, 2 distilleries, 4 grist 
ni., 6 saw m. Capital in manufac. $2,650. Pop. 
755. 

Southampton, t., Bucks co., Pa., 12 s. e. 
Doylestown. The surface is rolling : soil, sandy 
loam. Watered by Poquessing and Pennypack 
crs. It contains a Friends church in its n. w. 
part. It has 4 stores, capital $7,000 ; 2 sch. 68 
scholars. Pop. 1,256, 

Southampton, t., Cumberland co.. Pa., 18 s. 
w. Carlisle. 'I'he surface is hilly ; soil, calcare- 
ous loam. The t. is mostly covered by South 
mountain, which is susceptible of cultivation to 
its top. A small stream, rising in the hills, runs 
3 or 4 ms., and disappears in a limestone sink. It 
has 3 stores, cap. $7,500; 2 furnaces, 1 distillery, 
3 flouring m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,180. 
6 sch. 240 scholars. Pop. 1, 184. 

Southampton, t., Frankhn co.. Pa., 13 n. k. 
Chambersburg. The surlaco is level; soil, cal- 
careous loam. Conedogwinit cr. runs on its n. 
w. boundary, and Mean's run, its tributary, on 
the s. E. It has 2 stores, cap. $6,500 ; 2 fulling 
ra., 1 woollen fac, 2 furnaces, 1 tannery, 1 distil- 
lery, 1 flouring m., 7 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in 
manufactures $1,500. 8 sch. 335 scholars. Pop 
1,703. 
Southampton, t., Bedford, Pa. It has 1 store, 



cap. $5,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 
1 pottery, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m. ('ap. in manu- 
fac. .$9,620. 3 sch. 125 scholars. Pop. 1,513. 

Southampton, t., Trumbull co., O. It has 7 
sch. 2S6 scholars. Pop. 289. 

South Anna, river, Va., rises in Louisa co., 
and, watering its s. part, enters North Anna r., 
on ihe border of Hanover co., to form Panmnky 
river. 

South Anna, p-v., Louisa co., Va., 67 n. w. 
Richmond, 1 10 W. 

South Anson, p-v., Anson t., Somerset co., 
Me., 44 N. E. Augusta, 639 W. 

South Akgvi.e, p-o., Argyle t., Washington 
CO.. N. Y., 42 N. E. Albany, 412 W. 

South Athol, p-o., Athol t., Warren co., N.Y. 

South Atti.kuokough, p-v., Attleborough t., 
Bristol CO., Mass., 43 s. s. w. Boston, 407 W. 

South Auburn, p-o., Susquehanna co.. Pa., 
179 n. n. e. Harrisburg, 278 W. 

South Avon, p-o., Avon t., Livingston co., N. 
Y., 224 w. Albany, 353 W. 

South Bainbriuge, p-v., Bainbridge t., Che- 
nango CO., N. Y., 110 w. by s. Albany, 314 W. 
Situated on both sides of Susquehanna r., and 
contains 2 cinirches, 2 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 
and about 40 dwellings. 

South Barre, p-v., Barre t., Washington co., 
Vt., 8 .s. s. E. Montpelier, 518 W. 

South Barre, p-o.. Barre t., Orleans co., N. 
Y., 255 w. by n. Albany, 386 W. 

South Bav, N. Y. A branch of Lake Cham- 
plain, which it enters in its s. part, in Washington 
CO. It is about 4 ms. long, and half a m. wide. 

South Bedford, p-o., Bedford t., Merrimac 
CO., N. H. 

South Bk.nd, p-v., capital of St. Joseph's co., 
la., 139 N. Indianapolis, 624 W. Pleasantly situ- 
ated on a high bluff', on the s. side of St. Joseph's 
r., and has a great water power. It contains a 
court house of brick, a jail, a number of stores, 
and about 1,000 inhabitants. 

South Berwick, p-t., York co., Me., 95 s. w 
Augusta, 5t)0 W. Situated on the s. e. .side of 
Salmon Fall r. The Great falls, in the r., affbn! 
great water power. Incorporated in 1814. It 
contains a flourishing manufacturing v. It has 
16 stores, cap. $24,300 ; 1 fulling m., 3 woollen 
fac, 1 cotton fac. 6,912 spindles, 3 tanneries, 2 
grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac $223,400. 
1 acad. 73 students, 14 sch. 871 scholars. Pop. 
2,314. 

South Bi.oomfield, p-v., Harrison t., Picka- 
way CO., O., 17 s. Columbus, 405 W. Situated 
a little w. of the Ohio canal, and contains 3 stores, 
1 tannery, 30 dwellings, and about 200 inhabit- 
ants. In the vichiily are various mills and manu- 
I'actories. 

Southbouough, p-t., Worcester co., Mass., 26 
\v. Boston, 414 W. The surface is moderately 
uneven ; soil, productive. Watered by a branch 
of Sudbury r. Incorporated in 1727. It contains 
1 Congregational, 1 Unitarian, and 1 Baptist 
church. It has 3 stores, cap. $24,000 ; 1 fulling 
m., 1 woollen fac, 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac $17,900. 6 sch. 337 scholars. Pop. 
1,145. 

South Branch, p-o., Wirt t., Alleghany co., 
N. Y.,278 w. by s. Albany, 319 W. 

South]!Rid(;e, p-t., Worcester co., Mass., 61 
vv. s. w. Boston, 3S1 W. Watered by Quinne- 
baug r., which affords water power. It contains 
3 churches — 1 Congregational, 1 Baptist, and 1 
Methodist. It has a pleasant v., in which are 1 
bank, 2 churches, and 10 or 50 dwellings. It has 
10 stores, cap. $26,000 ; 1 woollen fac, 8 cott()n 
fac. 14,660 sp., 1 grist m., 6 saw m. Capital in 



sou 



621 



SOU 



manufac. $160,875. 1 acad. 25 students, 7 sch. 
363 scholars. Pop. 2,031. 

South Bridgeton, p-o., Bridgeton t., Cum- 
berland CO., Me., 83 s. .s. w. Augusta, 569 W. 

South Bristol, p-t., Ontario cc, iX. Y., 12 s. 
Canandaigua, 213 w. Albany, 349 W. The sur- 
face is hilly ; soil, clay loam, moderately fertile. 
Drained by Mud cr., and small streams which 
flow into Canandaigua lake, which bounds it on 
the s. E. It has 2 stores, cap. .§3,000 ; 1 fulling 
m., 1 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufactures, 
§12,840. 14 sch. 631 scholars. Pop. 1,375. 

South Britai.v, p-v., Southbury t., New Ha- 
ven CO., Ct., 57 s. Ilartlbrd, 301 W. It is 4 s. w. 
Southbury v., and contains 2 churches — 1 Con- 
gregational and 1 Methodist — 3 stores, 1 carpet 
fac, 3 hat fac, and about 25 dwellings. 

South Broad.albi.v, p-o., Broadalbin t., Ful- 
ton CO., N. Y., 39 N. w. Albany, 497 W. 

South Brunswick, t., Middlesex co., N. J., 
12 s. w. New Brunswick. The surface is level, 
with some hills on the w. ; soil, sandy loam 
and red shale, and, in some parts, highly culti- 
vated. Drained by Lawrence's brook and 
branches of Millstone r. It has 8 stores, cap. 
$14,300; 9 distilleries, 4 grist m., 5 .saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $30,850. 12 sch. 360 scholars. Pop. 
2,797. 

Southbury, p-t.. New Haven co., Ct., 20 n. 
w. New Haven, 54 s. w. Hartford, 304 W. Wa- 
tered by Pamperaug r., which afTords water 
power. The surface is moderately uneven ; soil, 



sandy loam, warm and fertile. The v. is situ- 
ated on Pamporaug r., and contains ] Congrega- 
tional and 1 3Ielhodist chnrcli. The street whii'h 
passes through tlie town i.s broad, and ornament- 
ed on its sides by majestic sugar-maple trees. 
There are in the t. 9 stiires, cap. $24,800 ; 3 full- 
ing m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 3 distilleries, 4 
grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $32,140. 
2 acad. 61 students, 10 sch. 226 scholars. Pop. 
1,542. 

South Butler, p-o., Butler t., Wayne co., 
N. Y., 174 w. by n. Albany, 354 W. 

South Byro.m, p-o., Byron t., Genesee co., 
N. Y. 

South Cairo, p-o., Cairo t., Greene county, 
N. Y. 

South Cameron, p-o., Cameron t., Steu- 
ben CO., N. Y., 230 w. by s. Albany, 293 W. 

South Canaan, pv., Canaan t., Litchfield 
CO., Ct., 43 N. w. Hartford, 340 W. It contains a 
Congregational and a Methodist church, an 
iron works, and an anchor shop on Hollenback 
r., and another at Canaan falls, on the Housa- 
tonic r. Limestone is found here, and lime of 
an excellent quality is manufactured and ex- 
ported. 

South Canebrake, p-o., Perry co., Ala., 70 
s. Tuscaloosa, 832 W. 

South Canton, p-o., Canton t., St. Lawrence 
CO., N. Y., 238 N. N. w. Albany, 500 W. 

South Carroll, p-o., Carroll co., Tenn., 114 
w. Nashville, 799 W. 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 

South Carolina, one of the southern United States, is bounded n. by North Carolina ; s. e. 
by the Atlantic ; and s. w. by Georgia, from which it is separated by the Savannah river. It is 
between 32° 2' and 35° 10' n. lat., and between 78° 24' and 83° 30' w. Ion., and between 1° 45' 
and 6° 15' w. from W. It is 200 miles long and 125 broad, containing about 25,000 square miles, 
or 16,000,000 acres. The population in 1790 was 240,000; in 1800, 345,591 ; in 1810, 415,115; in 
1820, 502,741 ; in 1830, 581,458; in 1840, 594,393, including 327,038 slaves. Of the free population, 
130,496 were white males; 128,588 do. females; 3,864 were colored males; 4,412 do. females. 
Employed in agriculture, 193,363 ; in commerce, 1,953 ; manufactures and trades, 10,325 ; naviga- 
ting the ocean, 331 ; canals, rivers, &c., 313; learned professions, &c., 1,481. 

This state is divided into 29 districts, which with their population in 1840, and their capitals,were as 
follows: Abbeville, 29,351, Abbeville; Anderson, 18,493, Anderson C. H. ; Barnwell, 21,471, 
Barnwell C. H. ; Beaufort, 35,794, Coosawhatchie ; Charleston, 82,661, Charleston ; Chester, 
17,747, Chester C. H. ; Chesterfield, 8,574, Chesterfieldville; Colleton, 25,543, Walterborough ; 
Darlington, 14,822, Darlington C. H. ; Edgefield, 32,8.52, Edgefield C. H. ; Fairfield, 20,165, 
Winnsborougli ; Georgetow.n, 18,274, Georgetown; Greenville, 17,339, Greenville ; Horry, 
5,755, Convvaysborough ; Kershaw, 12,281, Camden ; Lancaster, 9,907, Lancaster C. H. ; Lau- 
rens, 21,534, Laurensville ; Le.yington, 12,111, Le.xington ; Marion, 13,932, Marion; Marl- 
borough, 8,403, Bennettsville ; Newberry, 13,350, Newberry C. H. ; Orangeburg, 18,519, 
Orangeburg C. H. ; Pickens, 14,356, Pickens C. H. ; Richland, 16,397, Columbia ; Sparta.n- 
burg, 23,699, Spartanburg; Sumter, 27,892, Sumterville; Union, 18,936, Unionvillc; Wil- 
liamsburg, 10,327, Kingstree ; York, 18,383, Yorkville. 

Columbia, on the left bank of the Congaree, immediately below the confluence of Broad and 
Saluda rivers, is the seat of government. 

The seacoast is bordered with a fine chain of islands, between which and the shore there is a 
very convenient navigation. The mainland is naturally divided into the Low'er and Upper coun- 
try. The low country extends from 80 to 100 miles from the seacoa-'^t, and is covered with ex- 
tensive forests of pitch pine, called pine-barrens, interspersed with marshes and swamps of a rich 
soil. The banks of the large rivers, and the creeks of this region, are bordered with a belt of 
excellent land, producing cotton and Indian corn in abundance. The marshes and swamps in this 
district make fine rice plantations. 

After leaving the Low country, in proceeding into the interior, you first pass through a region of 
little sand-hills, which have been compared to the arrested waves of the sea in a storm. This 
curious country, sometimes denominated the Middle country, continues for 50 or 60 miles, till you 
arrive at the Ridge, or Upper country, the ascent to which, proceeding from the Atlantic, is sudden. 



sou 622 SOU 

and somewhat precipitous. The Lower falls of the river are found along this ridge. The low 
grounds between the sand hills in this region are suitable for agriculture and pasturage ; but with 
these exceptions, the country below the ridge is barren, and scarcely worth cultivation. Beyond 
the ridge commences a beautiful and healthy country of hills and dales, and fine flowing streams of 
pure water. This whole region may be regarded as an elevated table land, and is generally fer- 
tile. At the distance of 220 miles n. vv. from Charleston, the land is 800 feet above the level of 
the sea. From this the country rises gradually to the mountainous region to the w., where the 
great Alleghany range passes through the state, in several ridges, some of which have high peaks. 
Table mountain, one of the most conspicuous of these, is 4,000 feet above tiie level of the sea. 
The staple productions of the state are cotton and rice, great quantities of which are exported. 
Rice was first introduced in 1693, and is raised only in the low country, where the land can 
be irrigated by the tide, or the overflowing of the rivers. Indigo was formerly produced in large 
quantities, but it has given place to the more profitable crop of cotton. The sea-island cotton, 
produced in the islands along the shore, is of a superior quality, and is in great demand. 

In 1840, there were in this state 129,921 horses and mules; 572,608 neat cattle; 232,981 .sheep; 
878,532 swine ; poultry to the value of .'§396,364. There were produced 96S,354 bushels of wheat ; 
3,967 of barley; 1,436,203 of oats ; 44,738 of rye; 14,722,805 of Indian corn; 299,170 pounds of 
wool; 15,857ofwax; 2,098,313 bushels of potatoes ; 24,618 tons of hay ; 51,519 pounds of tobacco; 
60,590,860 of rice ; 61,710,274 of cotton ; 2,030 of silk cocoons ; 30,000 of sugar. The products of 
the dairy were valued at $577,810 ; of the orchard, $52,275 ; of lumber, $537,684. 

The minerals in this state are gold, iron, various ochres, marble, limestone, and some lead, 
potter's clay, fuller's earth, and other useful fossils. 

Charleston, at the confluence of Ashley and Cooper rivers, is much the largest and most com- 
mercial place in the state ; but its harbor is obstructed, at the entrance, by a dangerous sand bar. 
Georgetown, at the head of Winyaw bay, 13 miles from the ocean, will only admit small vessels. 
Beaufort, on the island of Port Royal, has much the best harbor in the state, but is not a place of 
much trade. Besides these, Columbia, the capital, and Georgetown, are flourishing places. 

The great Pedee river, 450 miles long, rises in N. Carolina, and runs through the eastern part of 
the state. It is navigable, for sloops, 130 miles. The Santee, formed by the junction of the Wate- 
ree and the Congaree, rises in North Carolina, and has a sloop navigation for about 139 miles. 
The Saluda is a branch of the Congaree. The Edisto is navigable for large boats 100 miles. The 
Savannah washes the wliole s. w. border of the state, and is a noble stream. There are several 
smaller rivers, among which are Cooper, Ashley, and Combahee. 

The most important literary institution in this state is the College of South Carolina, at Colum- 
bia, founded in 1804. There is a theological seminary connected witli the institution. It had in 
1840, 168 students. Charleston College was founded in 1785, and has about 65 students. There 
were in this state in 1840, 117 academies, or grammar schools, with 4,326 students ; and 566 com- 
mon and primary schools. There were 20,615 free white persons, over 20 years of age, who could 
neither read nor write. 

The Methodists, Baptists, and Presbyterians are the most numerous religious denominations. 
At the commencement of 1836, the Methodists had 37,503 communicants. The Baptists had 314 
churches, 226 ministers, and 36,276 communicants. The Presbyterians had 90 churches, 70 minis- 
ters. The Episcopalians had 50 churches, 1 bishop, and 43 ministers. The Lutherans had, in 1840, 
24 ministers, 34 congregations, and 1,667 communicants. There are a few congregations of Ro- 
man Catholics, Unitarians, Friends, Universalis! s, and Jews. 

At the commencement of 1840 there were 14 banks and branches in this state, with an aggregate 
capital of $11,534,355, and a circulation of $4,439,404. The state debt at the close of 1840, 
amounted to $3,764,734. 

The exports of this state in 1840, were $10,036,769 ; and the imports were $2,058,870. There 
were 41 commercial and 41 commission houses engaged in foreign trade, with a cap. of $3,668,050 ; 
1,253 retail drygoods and other stores, with a capital of $6,648,736 ; 1,057 persons employed in the 
lumber trade, with a capital of $100,000; 125 persons employed in internal transportation, who, 
with 46 butchers, packers, &c., employed a capital of $112,900 ; 53 persons employed in the fishe- 
ries, with a capital of $1,617. 

The amount of home-made or family manufactures was $930,703 ; there were 3 woollen manu- 
factories, employing 6 persons, producing articles to the amount of $1,000, witii a capital of $4,300; 
15 cotton manufactories, with 16,355 spindles, employing 570 persons, producing articles to the 
amount of $359,000, employing a capital of $617,450 ; 4 furnaces, producing 1,250 tons of cast iron, 
and 9 forges producing 1,165 tons of bar iron, employing 248 persons, and a capital of $113,300 ; 5 
smelting houses, employing 69 persons, producing gold to the amount of $37,418, with a capital of 
$40,000; 1 paper manufactory, employing 30 persons, producing articles to the amount of $20,800, 
with a capital of $30,0(X) ; 20 persons produced hats and caps to the amount of $3,750 ; 97 taimeries, 
employing 281 persons, and a capital of $213,020 ; 243 other leather manufactories, as saddleries, 



sou 623 SOU 

&c., producing articles to the amount of $109,472, employing a capital of $'15,6G2; 8 potteries, em- 
ploying 49 persons, producing articles to the amount of $19,300, wilii a capital of $12,950; 127 
persons produced machinery to the amount of $65,561 ; 26 persons produced hardware and cutlery 
to the amount of $13,465 ; 420 persons produced carriages and wagons to the amount of $189,270, 
with a capital of $132,690; 164 flouring mills produced 58,458 barrels of flour, which with other 
nulls employed 2,122 persons, producing articles to tlie amount of $1,201,678, and employing a cap- 
ital of $1,668,804 ; 1,2S1 persons manufactured bricks and lime to the amount of $193,408, with a 
capital of $72,445 ; 168 persons manufactured 586,327 pounds of soap, and 68,011 pounds of tallow 
candles ; 251 distilleries produced I02,2S8 gallons, employing 219 persons, and a capital of $14,342 ; 
ships and vessels were constructed to the amount of $60,000 ; 241 persons manufactured furniture 
to the amount of $28,155, with a capital of $133,600; 111 brick or stone houses, and 1,594 wooden 
houses were erected, employing 2,398 persons, at a cost of $1,527,576 ; 16 printing oflices, and 7 
binderies, 3 daily, 12 weekly, and 2 semi-weekly newspapers, and 4 periodicals, employed 164 
persons, and a capital of $131,300. The amount of capital employed in manufac. was $3,216,970. 

The first constitution of South Carolina was formed in 1775 ; the present constitution was adopted 
in 1790. The governor is elected lor 2 years by a joint vote of both houses of the assembly. After 
having served one term, he is ineligible for the next 4 years. A lieutenant-governor is cho.'en in 
the same manner and for the same period. The senate consists of 45 members, elected by districts 
for 4 years. The house of representatives consists of 124 members, apportioned among the several 
districts, according to the number of white inhabitants, and taxation; and are elected for 2 years. 
The representatives and one half the senators are chosen every second year, in October. The 
legislature meets annually in Columbia, on the fourth ftlonday of November. The chancellor and 
judges of the supreme court are cho-sen by the joint ballot of both houses of the assembly, and 
hold their ofTices during good behavior. Every free white male citizen of 21 years of age, who 
has resided in the state 2 years immediately preceding the election, and having been possessed of 
a freehold of 50 acres of land, or a town lot, 6 months before the election; or not possessing this 
freehold, who shall have resided in the election district in which he offers to vote, 6 months before 
the election, and have paid a tax of 3 shillings sterling to the support of the government, possesses 
the right of sufTrage. 

South Carolina has some important works of internal improvement. The Santee canal extends 22 
miles from Charleston harbor to the Santee river, and was finished in 1802, at a cost of .$650,667. 
Through this canal and the improvement of the Santee and Corigaree rivers, a boatable communi- 
cation has been opened from Charleston to Columbia. Winyaw canal extends 7j miles from 
Winyaw bay to Kinlock creek, a branch of tlie Santee river. 

The navigation of the Catawba river has been improved by 5 short canals, with an aggregate 
length of about lU miles. Saluda canal extends from the headof Saluda Shoals toGranby Ferry, 
6i miles. Besides these, there are three other short canals to avoid obstructions of falls or shoals 
in rivers. 

The South Carolina railroad commences at Charleston and extends 135J miles to Hamburg. 
This road was commenced in 1830 and completed in 1834, at a cost of $1,750,000. It has since 
been sold to the Louisville, Cincinnati and Charleston Railroad Company for $2,400,000, paid for 
in the stock of the latter company. The entire length of this road from Charleston to Cincinnati 
will be 718 miles. The Branchville and Columbia railroad extends from Branchville, on the South 
Carolina railroad, 66 miles to Columbia. This is to form a part of the Charleston, Louisville, and 
Cincinnati railroad. 

The first settlement of this state was made under Governor Sayle, at Port Royal, in 1670. The 
next year they settled Charleston above its present site, but 9 years after they abandoned that set- 
tlement and began to build Charleston where it now stands. In 1682 the province was divided 
into 3 counties. A colony of French refugees, in 1690, exiled by the revocation of the edict of 
Nantz, settled in Carolina ; and from them many of its respectable inhabitants are descended. 
The Church of England w-as established by law, in 17(>3. The coloni.-^ts throughout the Carolinas 
threw off' the proprietary government in 1719, and established one for thcm.'elves. The next year 
the privy council sanctioned the proceeding, and in 1729, tlie parliament purchased the country 
of the proprietors, as mentioned in the account of Xorth Carolina. The country was then divided 
and this portion received its present name of South Carolina. At different times colonies of Swiss, 
of Germans, and of Irish have settled in this state. In 1752, 1,600 foreign protestants arrived in 
Carolina. This stale early sufTereil much from wars with the Indians. This state was early in its 
resistance of the aggressions of the mother country, and bore its part in the revolutionary war. 
The British troops occupied Charleston, and a considerable part of the state in 1780. Several 
battles were fought here during that and the succeeding year, the most important of which was 
that of the Eutaw Springs, in 1781, which in eflJiect terminated the war in this state. In conven- 
tion. May 23d, 1788, this state adopted the constitution of the United States ; yeas 149, nays 73 — 
majority 76. 



sou 



624 



SOU 



South Cass, p-o., Cass t., Ionia co., Mich., 138 
w. N. w. Detroit, 608 W. 

Sooth Charleston, p-v., Madison t., Clarke 
CO., O., 12 s. E. Springfield, 55 w. Columbus, 445 
W. It contains 6 stores. 

South Chesterville, p-o., Chesterville t., 
Franklin co., Me., 22 n. w. Augusta, 612 W. 

South Chili, p-o., Chili t., Monroe co., N. Y., 
234 w. by n. Albany, 375 W. 

South China, p-o., China t., Kennebec co., 
Me., 14 N. E. Augusta, 609 W. 

South Columbia, p-o., Columbia I., Herkimer 
CO., N. Y., 72 N. by vv. Albany, 376 W. 

South Corinth, p-o., Corinth t., Saratoga co., 
N. Y., 47 N. w. Albany, 417 W. 

South Cortla.nd, p-o., Cortlandville t., Cort- 
land CO., N. Y., 151 w. by s. Albany, 313 W. 

South Coventry, p-o., Coventry t, Tolland 
CO., Ct., 22 N. E. Hartford, 358 W. 

South Creek, p-t., Bradford co.. Pa., 163 n. 
Harrisburg, 270 W. It has 5 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. ,$4,600. 5 sch. 175 scholars. Pop. 484. 

South Danby, p-o., Danby t., Tompkins co., 
N. Y., 171 w. Albany, 292 W. 

South Dansville, p-o., Dansville t., Steuben 
co.,]N.Y. 

South Dartmouth, p-o., Dartmouth t., Bris- 
tol CO., Mass., 62 s. Boston, 438 W. 

South Deerfield, p-v., Deerfield t., Rock- 
ingham CO., N. H., 18 E. s. E. Concord, 472 W. 

South Deerfield, p-v., Deerfield t., Frank- 
lin CO., Mass., 91 w. by n. Boston, 394 W. It con- 
tains a Congregational church. 

South Deer Isle, p-o., Hancock co., Me., 97 
E. by s. Augusta, 693 W. 

South Dennis, p-o., Dennis t., Barnstable co., 
Mass., 84 s. e. Boston, 485 W. 

South Dickinson, p-o., Dickinson t., Franklin 
CO., N. Y. 

South Dover, p-o., Dover t., Piscataquis co.. 
Me., 88 n. n. e. Augusta, 685 W. 

South Dover, p-o., Dover t., Dutchess co., N. 
Y., 80 s. Albany, 307 W. 

South Durham, p-o., Durham t., Cumberland 
CO., Me., 28 s. w. Augusta, 567 W. 

South Durham, p-o., Durham t., Greene co., 
N. Y., 50 s. s. w. Albany, 352 W. 

Southeast, p-t., Putnam co., N. Y., 107 s. Al- 
bany, 291 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, fertile. 
Drained by Croton r. It has 8 stores, capital 
$16,500 ; 2 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 paper fac, 6 
grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $32,325 
13 sch. 543 scholars. Pop. 1,910. 

Southeast, t.. Orange co., la. It has 4 sch. 
105 scholars. Pop. 1,247. 

South Easton, p-o., Easton t., Washington 
CO., N. Y., 30 Albany, 400 W. 

South Easton, b., Northampton co.. Pa. Sit- 
uated on the s. bank of the Lehigh r., opposite to 
Easton. Here is a good water power, derived 
from the waste water of the Lehigh canal. It 
has 5 stores, cap. $18,000 ; 2 furnaces, 1 forge, 1 
flouring m., 2 grist ra., 2 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $71,100. 2 sch. 71 scholars. Pop. 661. 

South Edmeston, p-o., Edmeston t., Otsego 
CO., N. Y., 93 vv. Albany, 351 W. 

South Edwards, p-o., Edwards t., St. Law- 
rence CO., N. Y., 191 N. w. Albany, 460 W. 

South Egremont, p-v., Egremont t., Berk- 
shire CO., Mass. 

South Farms, p-v., Litchfield t., Litchfield co., 
Ct., 40 w. Hartford, 318 W. It contains 1 Con- 
gregational church, an academy, 1 store, and a 
number of dwellings. 

SouTiiFiELD, t., Richmond co.. N. Y., 2 e. 
Richmond v., 155 s. Albany. Situated on Staten 
Island. The siu-face is hilly on the n., level on 



the s., with extensive tracts or marsh or salt 
meadow. The Narrows and Lower bay of New 
York bound it on the s. e. It has excellent shad 
fisheries. It contains Fort Tompkins and Fort 
Richmond on its e. border. It has 7 stores, cap. 
$4,020; 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 1 
flouring m., 2 grist m. Pop. 1,619. 

SouTHFiELD, p-t., Oakland co., Mich., 17 n. 
Detroit, 540 W. Watered by the n. branch of 
Rouge r. It has 2 stores, cap. $6,800 ; 1 t^rist m., 
3 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $2,020. 9 sch. 325 
scholars. Pop. 1,061. 

SouTHFORD, p-v., New Haven co., Ct. 

South Fork, t., Izard co.. Ark. It has 1 store, 
cap. .$1,200; 2 distilleries, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $1,935. 1 sch. 22 scholars. 
Pop. 337. 

South Florence, v., Franklin co., Ala. Sit- 
uated on the s. side of Tennessee r., nearly op- 
posite to Florence. 

South Foster, p-o., Foster t.. Providence co., 
R. I., 16 w. by s. Providence, 386 W. 

South Framingham, p-o., Framingham t., 
Middlesex co., Mass. 

South Freedom, p-o.. Freedom t., Waldo co., 
Me., 28 e. Augusta, 623 W. 

South Franklin, p-o., Franklin t., Delaware 
CO., N. Y. 

South Gardiner, p-o., Gardiner t., Worces- 
ter CO., Mass., 56 n. w. by w. Boston, 416 W. 

South Gibson, p-o., Gibson co., Tenn., 145 w. 
Nashville, 828 W. 

South Granville, p-o., Granville t., Wash- 
ington CO., N. Y. 

South Glastonbury, p-v., Glastonbury t., 
Hartford co., Ct., 9 s. Hartford, 335 W. Situated 
on E. side of Connecticut river. 

South Hadley, p-t., Hampshire co., Mass., 88 
w. Boston, 377 W. The soil is light, warm, and 
productive. Watered by Muddy r. Bounded 
w. by Connecticut r., .which here has a fall of 50 
feet in about 80 rods. Here the first canal on 
Connecticut r. was constructed, around these 
falls, and is 2 ms. long, has 5 locks, and, for a dis- 
tance of 300 feet, is cut, 40 feet deep, through 
solid rock. The falls here afford a great water 
power, much of which is yet unimproved. A 
dam 1,100 feet long is thrown across Connecticut 
r. Mount Holyoke is in the n. part of the t. The 
village contains a Congregational church, and 
Mount Holyoke Female Seminary. In the 
s. part of the t. is a manufacturing village at 
the termination of the canal, which contains 
1 Congregational and 1 Methodist church. 
There are in the t. 8 stores, cap. $22,000 ; 2 full- 
ing m., 2 woollen fac, 3 tanneries, 3 paper fac, 1 
grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $125,225; 
1 acad. 119 students, 6 sch. 376 scholars. Pop. 
1,458. 

South Hadley Canal, p-v.. South Hadley 
t., Hampshire co., Mass., 92 w. Boston, 372 W. 
Situated on the e. side of Connecticut r., and 
contains 2 churches — 1 Congregational and 1 
Methodist — and several manufactories. 

South Halifax, p-o., Halifax t., Windham co., 
Vt., 140 s. Montpelier, 416 W. 

South Hammond, p-o., Hammond t., St. Law- 
rence CO., N. Y. 

South Hanover, p-v., Jefferson co., la., 93 s. 
E. Indianapolis, 565 W. 

South Hardwick, p o., Hardwick t., Caledo- 
nia CO., Vt., 22 N. n. e. Montpelier, 538 W. 

South Harpeth, p-o.. Davidson co., Tenn., 
17 s. Nashville, 701 W. 

South Hartford, p-o., Hartford t., Oxford 
CO., Me., 27 w. Augusta, 593 W. 

South Hartford, p-v., Hartford t., Washing- 



sou 



625 



SOU 



ton CO., N. Y., 55 n. n. e. Albany, 425 W. It 
contains 1 Presbylerian and 1 Universalist 
church, 2 stores, 1 grist m., 1 tannery, and about 
20 dwellings. 

South Harwich, p-v., Harwich t., Barnsta- 
ble CO., Mass.; 91 s. w. Boston, 492 W. 

South H.wen, t., Van Buren co., Mich. It 
has 1 tannery, 1 saw m. Cap. in manufactures 
$2,700. 1 sch. 13 scholars. Pop. 99. 

South Hawley, pv., Hawley t., Frankhn co., 
Mass., 114 w. by n-. Boston, 408 W. 

South Hero, p-t., Grand Isle co., Vt., 53 n. 
w. Montpelier, 531 W. It constitutes the south 
half of the largest island in Lake Champlain. 
The surface rises gently from the level of the 
lake ; soil, loam, sand, clay, and marl, of which 
the latter predominates, and very fertile. A ferry 
connects this t. with Colchester point; and a 
sand bar connects it with Milton, Chittenden 
CO., which is fordnble when the water of the lake 
is not high, though the water comes up to the 
sides of a horse. It contains a Congregational 
and a Methodist church. Limestone is found. 
It has 1 store, cap. $1,500; 1 tannery. Cap. in 
nianufac. $940. 26 schools 1,601 scholars. Pop. 
664. 

South Hill, p-v., Bradford co., Pa., 150 n. by 
E. Harrisburg, 260 W. 

South Hill, p-o., Mecklenburg co., Va., 93 s. 
w. Richmond, 299 W. 

South Hi.xohaji, p-v., Hingham t., Plymouth 
CO., Mass., 18 s. e. Bo.ston, 452 W. 

South Hunting i)0.\, t., Westmoreland co.. 
Pa. It has 9 stores, cap. $35,850 ; 1 fulling m., 3 
tanneries, 7 distilleries, 1 pottery, 7 flouring m., 
15 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $50,601. 1 school 
117 scholars. Pop. 2,793. 

Southington, pt., Hartford co., Ct., 18 s. w. 
Hartford, 321 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, 
fertile. Watered by Quinnipiack r., which af- 
fords water power. The Farmington canal 
passes through it. Incorporated in 1779. The 
V. contains 1 Congregational, 1 Episcopal, and 1 
Baptist church, and an academy. It has 5 stores, 
cap. $15,700; 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 5 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $92,700. 9 sch. 427 scholars. 
Pop. 1,887. 

Southington, p-t., Trumbull co., O., 170 n. 
E. Columbus, 313 W. Pop. 889. 

South Jackson, p-v.,.Iackson t. and co., Mich., 
76 w. Detroit, 544 W. 

South Jefferson, p-v., JefTerson t., Lincoln 
CO., Me., 22 E. s. e. Augusta, 602 W. 

South Kent, p-v., Kent t., Litchfield co., Ct., 
55 w. Hartford, 320 W. ^ 

South Killingly, p-v., Killingly t., Wind- 
ham CO., Ct., 51 E. Hartford, 378 W. 

South Kingston, t., capital of Washington 
CO., R. I., 30 s. w. Providence. The surface is 
uneven ; soil, gravelly loam, well adapted to 
grain and to grazing. It has the Atlantic on the 
s., and Narraganset bay on the E. It includes 
Point Judith, and is the largest t. in the state. It 
has 1 large salt pond, and 20 fresh water ponds, 
one of which contains 3 or 4,000 acres. Its fish- 
eries are valuable, and many of its inhabitants 
are employed in navigation. Near the centre is 
a v., called iSorlh Kingston, which contains a 
court house, jail, a Congregational church, a 
bank, and about 3J dwellings. Another v. in its 
s. E. part contains an Episcopal church. There 
are in the t. besides, 3 churches — 2 Friends and 
1 Baptist. First settled in 1670. The Stoning- 
ton and Providence railroad passes through it. 
There are in the t. 27 stores, cap. ,$9,300 ; 11 full- 
ing m., 10 vvoolreu fac, 1 cotton fac. 1,000 sp., 
5 tanneries, 1 printing office, 8 grist m., 4 saw m. 
79 



Cap. in manufac. $318,500. 1 acad. 3J students, 
18 sch. 465 scholars. Pop. 3,717. 

South Kirtland, p-o., Kirtland t., Lake co., 
O., 163 N. N. E. Columbus, 349 W. 

South Kortright, p o., Kortright t., Dela- 
ware CO., N. Y., 69 w. s. w. Albany, 349 W. 

South Lansing, p-o., Lansing t., Tompkins 
CO., N. v., 170 w. by s. Albany, 303 W. 

South Lee, p-v., Lee t., Berkshire co., Mass., 
131 w. Boston, 365 W. 

South Leeds, p-o., Leeds t, Kennebec co.. 
Me., 23 w. s. w. Augusta, 587 W. 

South Le Roy, p-o., Le Roy t., Genesee co., 
N. Y., 242 w. by n. Albany, 364 W. 

South Levant, p-o., Levant t., Penobscot co.. 
Me., 78 N. E. Augusta, 673 W. 

South Lincoln, p-v., Lincoln t., Penobscot 
CO., Me., 1 1 1 N. E. Augusta, 706 W. 

South Livonia, p-o., Livonia t., Livingston 
CO., N. Y., 22 w. Albany, 349 W. 

South Lodi, p-o., Lodi t., Seneca co., N. Y., 
188 w. Albany, 319 W. 

South Lyme, p-v., Lyme t.. New London co., 
Ct., 50 s. Hartford, 343 W. 

South Lyndeborough, p-o., Hillsboro' co., 
N. H., 41 s. s. w. Concord, 459 W. 

South Marcellu.s, p-o., Marcellus t., Onon- 
daga CO., N. Y., 144 w. by n. Albany, 340 W. 

South Marlow, p-o., Marlow t., Cheshire co., 
N. II., 52 w. by s. Concord, 456 W. 

South Mendon, p-o., ftlendon t., Worcester 
CO., Mass., 37 s. w. Boston, 410 W. 

South' Miudleboro' p-o., Middleboro' t., 
Plymouth co., Mass., 46 s. by e. Boston, 439 W. 

South Miudletown, p-v., Wallkill t.. Or- 
ange CO., N. Y., 112 s. s. w. Albany, 285 W. It 
contains 3 churches — 1 Congregational,! Meth- 
odist, I Presbyterian — 1 bank, 15 stores, 1 grist 
m., 1 saw m., 1 iron foundry, and 800 inhabitants. 

South Middletown, t., Cumberland co., Pa. 
Tiie surface is various ; soil, calcareous loam. 
Drained by Yellow Breeches cr., and its tribu- 
tary, iMountain cr. Letart spring, on its n. bor- 
der, gives motion to 2 mills. South Motintain 
crosses its s. part. It has 5 stores, cap. $5,900 ; 
1 furnace, 1 forge, 1 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 1 
distillery, 1 paper fac, 4 flouring m., 7 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $8,170. 1 school GO scholars. 
Pop. 2,055. 

South Milford, p-o., Milford t., Worcester 
CO., iMass., 35 s. w. by w. Boston, 411 W. 

South Mills, p-o., Camilen Co., N. C, 232 e. 
N. E. Raleigh, 266 W. 

South Nankin, p o., Nankin t., Wayne co., 
.Mich., 15 s. w. Detroit, 532 W. 

South Natick, p-v., Natick t., 3Iiddlesex co., 
3Iass., 15 w. s. w. Boston, 424 W. 

South New Berlin, p-v., New Berlin t., Che- 
nango CO., N. Y., 106 w. s. w. Albany, 339 W. 

South Newcurg, p-o., Newburg t., Penob.scot 
CO., Me., 51 N. e. Augusta, 649 W. 

South Newcurg, p-o., Newburg t., Orange 
CO., Vt. 

South Newcastle, po., Ohio t., Gallia co., 
O., 121 s. s. E. Columbus, 379 W. It is pleasantly 
situated on the n. bank of Ohio r., and contains 
3 stores, a furnace, forge, and rolling mill. The 
principal business of the place consists in the 
mineral coal trade. 

South New Durham, p-o., StrafTord co., N. 
IL, 30 n. e. Concord, 32 n. w. by n. Dover. 

South New Market, p-o., New 3Iarket t., 
Rockingham co., N. H., 41 s. e. Concord, 483 W. 

South New Port, p-v., Mcintosh co., Ga., 
108 s. E. iMilledgeville, 7.<5 W. 

South Nevvry, po., Newry t., Oxford co., 
Me., 68 w. Augtista, 608 W. 



sou 



626 



SOU 



South Norwalk, p-v., Norwalk t., Fairfield 
CO., ( :t. 

South Norridgewock, p-o., NorriilKowock 
t., Somerset co., Me., 31 n. Aup;ustii, 62G W. 

SouTiioi.i), |)-l., Siillblk CO., N. v., 241 s. e. 
Albimy, :W1 VV., l.'J k. Uiverlieail. Tho snrfuoc 
is gciiernlly level. It 1ms 1,omk Isliiiid >(>uri(l on 
the N., anil (Jrciit I'eeonic. and (iuidiner'.s bays on 
the s. FiHh(T'M, (inll, I'lnm, and Uolihins' i.sl- 
ands, beloiif; to it. The v. is u Mcattereil settle- 
ment,, and contains 3 chnreliCM — I rresbytorian, 

I Methodist, and 1 IJniversalist. There are in 
tho t. as stores, cap. $.00,800; 23 sell. 1,071 schol- 
ars. Pop. 3,'J07. 

South Ono.nijaija, p-o., Ononihiga t. and co., 
N. Y., 138 w. by N. Albany, 311 VV. 

South Ouanck, p-o., Oianj^'c t., Franklin co., 
Mass., 74 w. by n. Bo.ston, 112 W. 

South Orlkans, |)-o., Orleans t., liarnstable 
CO., Mass., 07 s. 8. K. Boston, VM W. 

South Orrincjton, p-o., OrriiiKton I., IN'iioh- 
8Cot CO., Me., ()7 N. K. AiijijUKta, (J()3 W. 

South Orsioi.u:, p-o., <)ts(di(- t., (Mienungo co., 
N. Y., ll'.» w. by s. Albany, 33'J W. 

South O.vi'oiid, ji-o., Oxibrd t., Chenango Co., 
N. Y., 115 w. by .s. Alliany, 322 W. 

South Owkoo, p-o., Owcgo t., Tioga co., N. 
Y., IG'J w. H. w. Albany, 2H3 VV. 

South Paris, p-o., I'aiis t., O.xford eo., Me., 
42 w. by .s. Angnsta, .WO W. 

SouTfi I'arson.skiki.h, p-o., Parsonsfiold t., 
York CO., Me., 84 w. H. vv. Angnsta, 53.') W. 

South Plymouth, p-o., Wayne co., Mich., 23 
s. w. Detroit, .524 W. 

Sourii Point, p-o., Lincoln co., N. C, 177 w. 
by s. ItalcMgh, 41C) W. 

South Poiii', p-v., Fairfield t., Fairfield co., 
(U., 60s. w. Ilarllbrd, 277 W. Situated at the 
mouth of Mill r., at its entrance into a small bay 
of Long Island sound. It contains a Congrega- 
tional church, an academy, a l)ardi, 8 stores, and 
about 70 dwellings. It has a convenient harbor 
for vessels of 100 tons, which is rarely frozen. 
It has an extensive! break water, constructed by 
the government of the IJ. S. 

South Port, p-t., <'h(\mung co., N. Y., 4 s. 
Elrnira, 11)7 w. s. w. Albany, 277 VV. The sur- 
face is hilly, with broad alluvial (lals on Che- 
mung r., which runs on its n. border. It has 3 
stores, cap. iJi^.OOl) ; 2 fulling in., 11 sch. 553 
scholars, i'op. 2,101. 

Sou'i'H Pout, ]>\., Riieino eo.. Wis., 110 k. s. 
K. Madison, 7(')'J VV. Situated on the vv. side of 
Lake 31ii-higan. It contains several stores, and 
about 500 inhabitants. 

South Pui.'I'NKY, po., Pultneyt., Steuben co., 
N. Y., 21(5 w. by s. Albany, 312"W. 

South tiuw, |) o., Soutliauiplon co., Va., 85 
s. H. K. Richmond, 201 W. 

Sou'i'H Rkaih.nc;, p-o., Reading t., Windsor co., 
Vt., (54 s. Montpelicn-, 475 VV. 

South Rkajhnu, i)-l., iMiddlesex co., Mass., 

II N. Boston, 451 W. Incorjjorated from Read- 
ing in 1812. The princijial v. is situate<l near 
Reading pond, and conlains 2 churches, 1 ( 'on- 
grcgational, before which is a green of 8 or 10 
acres, and 1 Baptist, and an academy. There 
are in the t. 10 stores, cap. ,ij)10,(<01). Cap. in 
manufae. $02,700. 1 acad. 75 students, 7 sch. 
400 scliolars. Pop. 1,517. 

South Rivkr, no., Middlesex co., N. .1., 32 n. 
E. 'i'rcnton, I'JS \V. 

South Rovai.to.v, p-o., Worcester co., Mass. 

South Rovai.ton, p-o., Royalton t., Niagara 
CO., N. Y., 274 w. by n. Albany, 3'J4 W. 

South Rutland, p o., Rutland t., Jefferson 
■JO., N. Y., 150 N. w. Albany. 410 W. 



South St. Gf:or(;e, p-o., Lincoln co., Me., 57 
s. K. Augusta, 034 VV. 

Sou'i'H Sm.km, pv., Lewisboro' t., Westches- 
ter co., IN. v., IIH H. Albany, 27'.t W. Situated 
on a small branch of (toIoh r., and contains u 
church, and about 25 dwellings. 

South Sandwich, I)-v., Sandwich t., Barn- 
stable CO., Mass., 01 s. Bo; ton, 405 VV. 

Soi; I II S(MioDA()K, p-o., Schodack t., Rens- 
selaer co., N. Y., 13h. by k. Albany, 304 W. 

South Scituatio, p-v., Scituali! t., Plymouth 
CO., Mass., 24 s. k. by h. Boston, 44H VV. 

South Scituath, p-o., Seituate t.. Providence 
CO., R. I., 1 1 w. by s. Providence, 389 W. 

South Siciikc, p-o., Sidx'c [,., Piscataipiis CO., 
Me., 'J3 N. N. K. Augusta, 000 VV. 

Sou'i'H Skkonk, p-v., Sekonk t., Bristol co., 
Mass., 48 H. Boston, 400 W. 

South Shaktsiiurv, p-o., Shaftsbury t., Ben- 
nington CO., Vt., 113 H. .s. w. Montpelier, 411 W. 

South Shknanijo, p-l., ( ,'rawford co., Pa., 252 
N. w. Ilarrisbnrg, 302 VV. It has 1 distillery, 5 
grist m., 7 saw m. C/'ap. in manufae. flll,500. 
Pop. 1,324. 

South Shrkw.sihjry, p-v., Slirewsbury t., 
Worcester co., Mass., 37 w. by s. Boston, 492 W. 

South Sodu.s, p-v., Sodus I., Wayne co., N. 
Y., 18S w. by N. Albany, 304 VV. 

SouTti Soi.oN, [)-o., Solon I., Somerset co., 
j^le., 40 N. by w. Augusta, 011 W. 

South Soi, on, 1)-o., Stokes t., Madison co., O., 
.50 \v. Columbus, 411 W. 

South S'I'IOi-hkntovvn, po., Stephontown t., 
Rensselaer eo., N. Y., 28 vv. s. vv. Albany, 373 W. 

South S'rt:iu,iN(;, po.. Sterling t., Wayne co., 
Pa., 142 N. K. narri.^l)urg, 230 W. 

South STUAn''oi!D, p-o., Slralliird t.. Orange 
CO., Vt., 30 H. s. K. Monlpidier, .500 VV. 

Sou'i'H Su'TTON, p-o., Sutton t., Merrimac co., 
N. II., 2'J vv. N. w. Concord, 470 W. 

South Tamvvorth, p-o., 'I'amworth t., Car- 
roll CO., iN. II., 53 N. by K. Concord, .537 W. 

South 'I'iucnton, p-o., Tri^nlon t., Oneida co., 
N. Y., 100 w. N. w. Albany, 397 VV. 

Sou'TH Tkknton. (Se(^ Trenton, N. J.) 

Sou'iii TvKiNoriAM, ji-v., Tyringham t., Berk- 
shire CO., Mass., 125 w. Boston, 304 VV. 

Sou'i'H Union, p-v., Logan co., Ky., 158 s. w. 
Frankll.rt, 082 W. 

South Wm.i.v.y, p-o., ('horry Valley t., Otse- 
go CO., N. Y., 03 vv. Albany, 385 W. 

Sou'TH Vahhai.iiorou(hi, p-o., Vassalborougli 
t., Keiin(4)ec co., Me., 9 N. I)y K. Augusta, 004 W 

South Vknick, p-o., Venice t., Cayuga co., 
N. Y., 103 w. Albany, 321 VV. 

South Vkstal, p-o.. Vestal t., Broome co., 
N. Y. 

South ViNAt-iiAVEN, p-o., Vinalhaven t., 
ITanco(4c co.. Me., 90 e. .s. k. Augusta, G40 W. 
Situated on an island in Penobscot bay. 

SoirTHVU.i.K, p-o., Stockholm t., St. Law- 
rence CO., IN. Y., 223 N. N. w. Albany, 51)7 W. 

SouTHViiH.K, no., Erie co., Pa., 279 n. w. 
Ilarrisburg, 352 W. 

SouTHvii.MO, p-v., Shelby co., Ky., 31 w. n. 
w. Frardtlbrt, .573 W. 

South Voi.un'tovvn, ))-o., Voluntovvn t., Wind- 
ham CO., Ct., 01 K. s. K. Hartford, 379 W. 

South Wai.hkn, p-o., Walden t., Caledonia 
CO., Vt., 25 N. N. E. Montpelier, 53-t W. 

Sou'TH Walks, p-o., Wales t., Erie co., N. Y., 
2S5 w. Albany, 3.50 W. 

Sou'i'H Wai.i.in<;j'ord, |>-o., Wallingford t., 
Rutland CO., Vt., 71 s. by vv. .Vlontpelier, 452 W. 

South Wai.toi.e, p-o., VValpolet., INorlblk co., 
Mass., 20 ». w. Boston. 

Soutuwark, district of, a sul/urb of the city 



sou 



6-27 



SPA 



of Philadelphia, from which it was separated, 
for certain local purposes, in 1762, and is H m. 
long, and of tlie same breadth. This act. was 
confirmed in 1794, when it was incorporated, to 
be governed by 15 commissioners, 5 of wliom 
are elected annually, for the term of 3 years. 
It contains 761) acres of level alluvial ground, and 
lias nearly 5.000 dwelling hou.ses, many of them 
handsome and commodiou;--, but a large proportion 
are frame or brick buildings of two stories. 
Most of the streets are paved and lighted, and 
have a watch. It is supplied with water from the 
Schuylkill water works. The navy yard, seve- 
ral ship and boat yards, and a marine railway 
are on Delaware r. A brick shot-tower is a lofty 
and conspicuous structure. There were in 1840, 
5 commercial and commission houses, cap. 
$80,000; 252 stores, cap. $262,109; 9 lumber 
yards, cap. $203,000; 2 dyeing and printing e.s- 
tab., 1 tannery, 7 distilleries, 2 breweries, 2 pot- 
teries, 1 sugar refinery, 4 rope fac, 2 printing of- 
fices, 1 weekly and 1 semi-weekly newspaper. 
Cap. in manufac. $S90,56'J. 6 acad. 1,059 stu- 
dents, 40 sch. 2,070 scholars. Pop. 27,548. (See 
Philadelphia.) 

South Warren, p-v., Warren t., Worcester 
CO., Mass., 66 w. by s. Boston, 382 W. It con- 
tains a Unitarian church. 

South W.\rre\, p-o., Bradford co., Pa., 155 
N. by E. Harrisburg, 265 W. 

South W.vterford, p-o., Waterford t., Oxford 
CO., Me., 54 w. by s. Augusta, 587 W. 

South Weare, p-o., Weare t., Ilillsboro' co., 
N. H., 17 s. w. Concord, 472 W. 

South Wellfleet, p-o., WelKleet t., Barn- 
stable CO., Mass., 101 s. e. Boston, 502 W. 

Southwest, t., Warren co.. Pa. It has 1 full- 
ing m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,300 ; 2 
sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 201. 

Southwest, t., Orange co., Indiana. It has 
3 sch. 80 scholars. Pop. 993. 

Southwest Bend, p-o., Cumberland co., Me., 
36 s. w. Augusta, 369 W. 

South Westerloo, p-v., Westerloo t., Al- 
bany CO., N. Y., 27 w. Albany, 363 Albany. 

South West Harbor, p-v., Hancock co,, Me , 
114 s. E. Augusta, 696 W. 

South Westport, p-v., Westport t., Bristol 
CO., 72 s. Boston, 436 W. 

South Wev.mouth, p-o., Weymouth t., Nor- 
folk CO., Mass., 15 s. by e. Boston, 443 W. 

South Whitehall, p-t., Lehigh co., Pa., 87 
E. N. E. Harrisburg, 180 W. The surface is level ; 
soil, calcareous loam, fertile, and well cultivated. 
Watered by Jordan and Cedar creeks. It con- 
tains a Lutheran church ; 4 stores, cap. 14,300 ; 
2 tanneries, 5 grist m., 2 saw m., I oil m. Cap. 
in manufac. $2,400. 11 sch. 535 scholars. Pop. 
2,290. 

Southwick, p-t., Hampden co., 31ass., 10 w. 
s. w. Springfield, 103 w. by s. Boston, 359 W. 
The surface is elevated ; soil, fertile, adapted to 
grazing. Watered by a branch of Westfield r. 
The V. at the centre has 1 Congregational and 1 
Baptist church, an academy, and about 25 dwell- 
ings. A portion of land, 2 ms. long and 2 wide, 
projects s. beyond the other portion of the state 
line, forming a notch into Conn. Suice 1800, this 
tract has been determined to belong to 3Iassa- 
chusetts, altiiough it was before in dispute. This 
part of the t. contains a Methodist Episcopal 
church. It has 2 stores, cap. $3,000 ; 2 pow- 
der m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,000. 
1 acad. 45 students, 7 sch. 185 scholars. Pop. 
1,214. 

Southwick, p-o., Wawarsing t., Ulster co., 
N. Y., 93 s. s. w. Albany, 298 W. 



Souti[ WiCiiRAiiAM, p o., Wilbraham t., 
Hampden co., Mass., 82 w. s. w. Boston, 373 W. 

South Williamstowv, p-v., Williamstown 
t., Berkshire co , Mass., 135 w. by .\. Boston, 389 
W. It contains I church, common lo Congre- 
gationalists and Baptists, I store, and several 
dwellings. 

South Wi.\dham, p-o., Windham t., Cumber- 
land CO., Me., 60 s. w. Augusta, 5 19 W. 

South Wi.ndsor, p-o., Windsor t., Kennebec 
CO., Me., 10 E. Augusta, 602 W. 

South Wi.\dsor, p-o., Windsor t., Broome co., 
N. Y., 131 w. s. w. Albany, 295 W. 

South WoLFBORouGH, p-v., Wolfborough t., 
Carroll co., N. II., 37 n. e. Concord, 518 W. 

South Woodstock, p-v., Woodstock t., Wind- 
sor CO., Vt., 55 s. Montpelier, 431 W. 

South Wocur.n', p-o., Woburn t., Middlesex 
CO., Mass. 

South Worcester, p-v., Worcester t., Otsego 
CO., N. Y., 62 w. Albany, 363 W. Situated on 
Charlotte r., and contains a church, 2 stores, and 
about 125 inhabitants. 

South Wrentham, p-o., Wrentham t., Nor- 
folk CO., Mass., 36 s. by w. Boston, 414 W. 

South Yarmouth, p-v., Yarmouth t., Barnsta- 
ble CO.. Mass., 82 s. e. Boston, 483 W. 

South Zanesville, v., 3Iuskingum co., O. 
Pop. 72. 

SowARD Town, p-v., Kent co., Del., 27 s. Do- 
ver, 112 W. 

SoxviLLE, pv., Monroe co.. Pa., 131 n. e. 
Harrisburg, 22^ W. 

Spadra, t., Johnson co.. Ark. It has 3 sch. 68 
scholars. Pop. 1,451. 

Spafford, p-t., Onondaga co., N. Y., 18 w. Sy- 
racuse, 154 w. by n. Albany, 334 W. The sur- 
face is hilly; soil, various. It has Skeneateles 
lake on the w. and Oiisco lake on the E. It has 
5 stores, cap. $2^,000 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 

2 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $28,110. 
10 sch. 700 scholars. Pop. 1,873. 

Spafford Hollow, p-o., Spafford t., Onon- 
daga CO., i\. Y., 137 w. by n. Albany, 331 W. 

Spark's, p-o., Wilson co., Tenn., 39 e. Nash- 
ville, 653 W. 

Sparta, p-t., Livingston co., N. Y., 241 w. Al- 
bany, 336 W. The surface is, in part, uneven ; 
soil, clay loam on the hills, and sandy alluvion 
in the valleys, and moderately fertile. Drained 
by Canaseraga cr. Dansville branch of Genesee 
Valley canal passes through the t. It has 25 
stores, cap. $-i7,2()5 ; 4 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 
4 furnaces, 4 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 brewery, 4 
paper fac, 1 printing office, 7 grist m., 16 saw m., 
1 oil m. Cap. in manufac $152,268. 1 acad. 12 
students, 29 sch. 1,829 scholars. Pop. 5,841. 

Sparta, p-v., Hardiston t., Sussex co., N. J., 
78 N. Trenton, 246 W. Situated near the source 
of WalUdll r., and contains a neat Presbyterian 
church, 3 stores, 2 grist m., 2 saw m., 4 forges, 
and about 40 dwellings, many of them handsome. 
Iron and zinc ores are found in the neighbor- 
hood. 

Sparta, p-o., Morris t., Washington co., Pa., 
219 w. Harrisburg, 246 W. 

Sparta, t., Westmoreland co.. Pa. It has 2 
fulling m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,400. 

3 sch. 60 scholars. Pop. 632. 

Sparta, p-v., Bloomfield t., Knox co., O., 46 
N. e. Columbus, 391 W. 

Sparta, p-o., Caroline co., Va., 51 n. by E. 
Richmond, 91 W. 

Sparta, p-v., Edgecombe co., N. C, 84 e. Ra- 
leigh, 270 W. 

Sparta, p-v., capital of Hancock co., Ga., 23 
n. e. Milledgeville, 648 W. It contains a court 



SPE 



628 



SPO 



house, jail, 1 Methodist church, a female acade- 
my, 10 stores, 50 dwellings, and about 600 in- 
habitants. 

Sparta, p-v., capital of Conecuh co., Ala., 164 
s. by E. Tuscaloosa, 923 W. Situated on Murder 
cr., a branch of Conecuh r. It contains a court 
house, jail, a U. S. land office, several stores, and 
about 100 inhabitants. 

Sparta, p-v., capital of White co., Tenn., 83 
E. by s. Nasliville. 5'J3 W. Situated on a branch 
of Caney fork of Cumberland r., and contains a 
court house, jail, a church, and about 350 inhabi- 
tants. 

Sparta, t., Noble co., la It has 2 stores, cap. 
$5,000. Pop. 245. 

Sparta, p-o., Randolph co., 111., 141 s. Spring- 
field, 816 W. 

Sparta, p-v., capital of Buchanan co., Mo. 
Situated on the head waters of Bee cr. It con- 
tains a court house, jail, and a number of dwell- 
ings. It is 8 ms. s. w. of Roubedoux landing, on 
the Missouri r. 

Spartanburg, district, S. C. Situated in the 
N. part of the slate, and contains 1,050 sq. ms. 
Drained by Ennoree, Tyger, Fair Forest, and 
Pacolet rivers. Capital, Spartanburg. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 20,498, sheep 11,104, 
Bwine 31,251 ; wheat 58,670 bush, produced, Ind. 
corn 722,751, oats 67,615, potatoes 2,532, cotton 
1,595,303 pounds ; 39 stores, cap. $98,700 ; 2 fur- 
naces, 3 forges, 4 cotton fac. 2,207 sp., 8 tanneries, 
37 distilleries, 2 potteries, 6 flouring m., 52 grist 
m., 41 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $160,030. 5 
acad. 179 students, 17 sch. 375 scholars. Pop. 
whites 17,924, slaves 5,687, free col'd 58 ; total, 
23,669. 

Spartanburg, C. H., p-v., capital of Spartan- 
burg dist., S. C, 98 N. w. Columbia, 471 W. It 
contains a court house, jail, a church, and about 
350 inhabitants. 

Spartansburg, p-v., Randolph co., la. 

Spartapolis, p-v., Rockingham co., Va., 142 
N. w. Richmond, 120 W. 

Speedsvii.le, p-v., Caroline t., Tompkins co., 
N. Y., 177 w. by s. Albany, 307 W. Situated on 
West Owego cr., and contains 1 Pres^byterian 
church, 2 stores, 1 saw m., 1 woollen fac, 1 car- 
riage fac, 90 dwellings, and about 5:J0 inhabitants. 

Speedwell, p-o., Wythe co., Va., 269 w. by 
S. Richmond, 330 W. 

Speedwell, p-v., Bamwell dist., S. C, 114 s. 
s. w. Columbia, 610 W. Situated on e. side of 
Savannah r. 

Speedwell, p-v., Claiborne co., Tenn., 212 e. 
by N. Nashville, 598 W. 

Speerville, p-o., Bedford co.. Pa., 83 w. by 
S. Harrisburg, 109 W. 

Speight's Bridge, p-v., Greene co., N. C, 79 
E. s. E. Raleigh, 289 W. Situated on Mockasin 
cr. The v. contains about 60 inhabitants. 

Spencer, county, Ky. Situated a little N. of 
the centre of the state, and contains 260 sq. miles. 
Drained by the e. fork of Salt r. and its branches. 
Capital, Taylorsville. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 5,913, sheep 8,495, swine 23,497; wheat 
70,786 bush, produced, rye 14,083, Indian corn 
324,765, oats 71,722, potatoes 3,998, tobacco 42,200 
pounds; 14 stores, cap. $46j610; 1 tannery, 21 
distilleries, 16 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $20,090. 2 acad. 118 students, 9 sch. 275 
scholars. Pop. whites 4,650, slaves 1,911, free 
col'd 20; total, 6,5S1. 

Spencer, county, la. Situated in the s. part 
of the state, and contains 400 sq. ms. Ohio river 
bounds it on the s. Drained by Anderson's, 
Little Pigeon, Crooked, Big, and Sandy creeks. 
The surface is nearly level ; soil, productive. 



Capital, Rockport. There were in 1840. neat 
cattle 5,673, sheep 5,713, swine 17,942; wheat 
18,338 bush, produced, Indian corn 53,542, oals 
17,719, potatoes 12,7'J6, tobacco 96,407 pounds, 
sugar 2,706 ; 15 stores, cap. $43,11)0 ; 4 tanneries, 
1 pottery, 12 grist ra., 5 saw- m., 1 printing office, 

1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $13,365. 
19 sch. 300 scholars. Pop. 6,305. 

Spencer, p-t., Worcester co., Mass., 53 w. 
Boston. 395 W. Incorporated from I^eicesler m 
1753. The surface is elevated, being 950 feet 
above tidewater at Boston harbor, and is uneven 
and rough ; soil, lertile. Watered by Seven Mile 
r., and other small streams, branches of Chicapce 
r. It contains 3 churches — 1 Congregational, 1 
Baptist, and 1 Universalist. The v. near the 
centre contains 2 churches, and about 40 dwell- 
ings. 1'here are in the t. 5 stores, cap. $9,200 ; 
grist m., 9 saw m. 1 1 scii. 528 scholars. Pop. 1,604. 

Spencek, p-t., Tioga co., N. Y., 15 w. Owego, 
179 w. s. w. Albany, 280 W. The surface is 
hilly ; soil, gravelly loam. Drained by Catto- 
tong creek and its branches. The v. contains 1 
Presbyterian and 1 Methodist church, 5 stores, 1 
grist m., 2 saw m., 1 tannery, 60 dwellings, and 
about 400 inhabitants. There are in the t. 7 
stores, cap. $33,650 ; 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 20 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,034. 429 scholars 
in schools. Pop. 1,532. 

Spencer, p-v., Davidson co., N. C, 191 \v. 
Raleigh, 348 W. 

Spencer, p-t., Medina co., O., Ill n. n. e. Co- 
lumbus, 366 W. It has 1 grist m., 1 saw m. 4 
sch. 142 scholars. Pop. 551. 

Spencer, t., Guernsey co., O. Situated on 
the liead waters of Wills cr. It contains the v. 
of Cumberland. Pop. 1,669. 

Spencer, p-v., capital of Van Buren co.,Tenn., 
90 s. E. Nashville, 611 W. It has a court house, 
and a few dwellings. 

Sfen'cer, p-v., capital of Owen co., la., 58 s. 
w. Indianapolis, 621 W. Situated on the n. w. 
bank of n. fork of White r., and contains a court 
house, jail, 2 churches — 1 Baptist and 1 Method- 
ist — 4 stores, 1 oil m., 1 ropewalk, 1 copper and 
tin fac, and about 375 inhabitants. 

Spencerport, p-v., Ogden t., Monroe co., N. 
Y., 234 w. by n. Albany, 380 W. It is situated 
on the Erie canal, and contains 1 church, 7 stores, 

2 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 furnace, 1 carriage fac, 45 
dwellings, and about 300 inhabitants. 

Spenceksborg, p-v., Pike co., Mo., 88 n. e. Jef- 
ferson City, 892 W. 

Spencertown, p-v., Austerlitz t., Columbia 
CO., N. Y., 29 s. s. E. Albany, 359 W. It con- 
tains 1 Presbyterian church, 3 stores, 1 grist m., 
1 plaster m., 30 dwellings, and about 200 inhab- 
itants. 

Spencerville, p-v., De Kalb co., la., 150 n. 
N. E. Indianapolis, 544 W. 

Speonk, p-o., Southampton t., Suffolk co., N. 
Y., 228 s. s. E. Albany, 308 W. 

Sperryville, p-v., Rappahannock co., Va., 
123 N. N. w. Richmond, 80 VV. 

Spiceland, p-o., Henry co., la., 38 e. n. e. In- 
dianapolis, 543 W. 

Spinnerstown, p-v., Bucks co., Pa., 91 e. 
Harrisburg, 178 W. 

Split Rock, p o., Essex t. and co., N. Y., 133 
N. Albany, 504 W. It derives its name from the 
noted split rock in Lake Champlain, which ap- 
pears as if cloven in sunder by some convulsion 
of nature. 

Spoon, river. 111., is made up by the union of 
several ibrks in Coffee co., and pursues a s. and 
s. e. course, until it enters Illinois r. on the w 
side. It affords good water power. 



SPR 



629 



SPR 



Spoon River, p-o., Fulton co., 111., 159 n. n. 
w. Springfield, 837 W. 

Spottedville, p-v., Stafford co., Va., 76 N. 
Richmond, 67 W. 

Spottswood, p-v., Amboy t., Middlesex co., 
N. J., 36 N. E. Trenton, 2U2 W. It contains 1 
Presbyterian and 1 Dutch Reformed church, 2 
stores, 2 tobacco fac, and about 30 dwellings. 

SpoTTsyLVANi.\, county, Va. Situated in the 
E. part of the state, and contains 408 sq. miles. 
The surface is uneven. Rappahannock r. runs 
on its N. border. Drained by head branches of 
North Anna and Mattapony rs. It contains the 
city of Fredericksburg. Capital, Spottsylvania 
C.'H. There were in 1840, neat cattle 7,971, 
sheep 7,670, swine 12,455; wheat 5^,450 bushels 
produced, Ind. corn 302,889, oats 101,774, pota- 
toes 9,787, tobacco 333,147 pounds, cotton 4,454 ; 
82 stores, cap. $394,961 ; 1 furnace, 1 fulling m., 
1 woollen fac, 4 tanneries, 2 (louring m., 37 grist 
m., 15 saw m., 2 printing offices, 4 semi-weekly 
newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $153,100. 15acad. 
415 students, 20 sch. 234 scholars. Pop. wliites 
6,787, slaves 7,590; tgtal, 15,161. 

Spottsylv.^nia, C. H., p-v., capital of Spott- 
sylvania co., Va., 71 n. by w. Riciimond, 6:i W. 
Situated on Po r., a branch of Mattapony r., and 
contains a court house, jail, and about 75 inhab- 
itants. 

Spout Spring, p-o., Campbell co., Va., 99 w. 
by s. Richmond, 185 W. 

Speaker's Basin, p-v.. Root t., Montgomery 
CO., N. v., 47 w. N. w. Albany, 398 W. Situated 
on the Erie canal, and contains 1 church, 2 stores, 
and about 20 dwellings. 

Spread Eagle, p-v., Radnor t., Delaware co.. 
Pa., 83 E. s. E. Harrisburg, 133 W. It contains 1 
store, and 10 or 12 dwellings. 

SpRiGG, t., Adams co., O. It contains the v. 
of Manchester. It lias 9 stores, cap .$9,790 ; 4 
tanneries, 1 flouring m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. .$1,200. 4 sch. 103 scholars. Pop. 1,976. 

Spring, p-t., Crawford co.. Pa., 257 n. w. Har- 
risburg, 330 W. It has 4 stores, cap. $8,000 ; 1 
fulling m., 2 tanneries, 4 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $17,800. Pop. 1,616. 

Spring, t.. Centre co., Pa. It has 4 stores, 
capital $9,000 ; 1 furnace, 4 forges, 1 brewery, 3 
grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $21,000. 6 
sch. 255 scholars. Pop. 1,793. 

Spring Arbor, p-t., Jackson co., Mich., 80 w. 
Detroit, 532 W. The v. is situated near one of 
the head branches of Kalamazoo r., on the site 
of an ancient Indian v. It contains a store, and 
a few dwellings. There are in the t. 2 saw m. 
Capital in manufac. $7,000. 4 sch. 127 scholars. 
Pop. 775. 

Spri.ngborough, p-v.. Clear Creek t., Warren 
CO., O., 84 s. w. Columbus, 470 W. Situated on 
the N. side of Clear creek, 4 ms. from the Miami 
canal. It contains 3 churches — 2 Friends and 1 
Methodist — 6 stores, 16 mechanic shops, 1 wool- 
len fac, 2 flouring m., 100 dwellings, and about 
800 inhabitants. It derives its name from a 
spring, which moves several mills. 

Spring Ckeek, pt., Warren co.. Pa., 232 n. 
w. Harrisburg, 324 \V. The surface is broken 
and rocky ; soil, gravelly and stony, and scarcely 
capable of cultivation. Watered by Broken 
Straw cr. It has 2 tanneries, 12 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $19,250. 4 sch. 100 scholars. Pop. 
435. 

Spring Creek, p-o., Greenbrier co., Va., 226 
w. by N. Richmond, 261 W. 

Spring Creek, t., Miami co., O. It has 2 dis- 
tilleries. Cap. in manufac. $5,000. 7 sch. 333 
scholars. Pop. 1,444. 



Spring Creek, p-o., Cherokee co., Ala., 149 
N. E. Tuscaloosa, 680 W. 

Spring Creek, p-o., Madison co., Tenn., 121 
w. s. w. Nashville, 806 W. 

Spring Dale, p-o., Alleghany co., Pa., 203 
w. by .N. Harrisburg, 239 W. 

Spring Dale, p-o., Springfield t., Hamilton 
CO., O., 110 s. w. Columbus, 5()(> W. 

Springersville, p-v,, Fayette co., la., 64 e. 
by s. Indianapolis, 515 W. 

Springfield, p-t., Penobscot co.. Me., 60 n. 
E. by E. Bangor. The soil is fertile, adapted to 
grain, and particularly to wheat. Incorporated 
in 1834. Drained by branches of Mattawamkeag 
r., which afford water power. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $950 ; 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $3,206. 7 sch. 236 scholars. Pop. 546. 

Springfield, p-t., Sullivan co., N. H., 35 n. 
w. Concord, 492 W. Drained by the head wa- 
ters of Black r., flowing into the Merrimac, and 
of Sugar r., flowing into the Connecticut ; and it 
therefore occupies the height of land between 
Connecticut and Merrimac rivers. The surface is 
rough ; soil, fertile. Chartered in 1769. Re- 
ceived its present name in 1794. It contains 
several considerable ponds. It has 1 store, cap. 
$2,500; 1 grist m., 3 saw m., 7 sch. 430 scholars. 
Pop. 1,252. 

Springfield, p-t., Windsor co., Vt., 77 s. 
Montpelier, 439 VV. Bounded e. by Connecticut 
r. It has a fertile soil, adapted to grain and to 
grazing. Drained by Black r., which has im- 
portant falls here, affording great water power. 
At the falls, 4 ms. from its mouth in Connecticut 
r., is a flourishing manufacturing v. The mea- 
dows on Connecticut r. are extensive and very 
fertile. It has 8 stores, cap. $23,700 ; 6 fulling 
m., 2 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 650 sp., 1 furnace, 
3 tanneries, 1 paper fac, 3 grist m., 8 saw m., 1 
oil m. Cap. in manufac. $106,500. 19 sch. 904 
scholars. Pop. 2,625. 

Springfield, p-t., capital of Hampden co., 
Mass., on the e. side of Connecticut r., 21 n. Hart- 
ford, 91 w. Boston, 363 W. Pop. 1^30, 6,784 ; 
1S40, 10,9S5. Incorporated in 1(543. Watered by 
Chickapee and Mill rivers. On the r. are rich 
alluvial meadows, exceedingly fertile ; and back, 
the land rises and terminates in a plain, mode- 
rately fertile. The main street extends along the 
r. between 2 and 3 miles. The houses are well 
built, and many of them are elegant. Springfield 
v. has a court house, jail, 7 churches — 3 Congre- 
gational, 1 Baptist, 1 Episcopal, 1 Methodist, and 

1 Unitarian — two banks, and one of the most 
extensive United States arsenals of construction 
in the country. A bridge here crosses Connec- 
ticut r. The armory is pleasantly situated, on 
elevated ground, half a mile e. of the village. 
The buildings are arranged on a large square, 
and consist of one brick edifice 240 feet by 32, 

2 stories high, occujiied by lock filers, stockers, 
and finishers ; a brick forging shop 150 feet by 
32 ; a brick building 60 feet by 32, 2 stories high, 
the second story forming a spacious hall devoted 
to religious worship ; a brick building 100 feet by 
40, and 2 stories high, used as a depository of 
arms, and numerous smaller stores and shops. 
The water works are situated on Mill r., about 1 
mile s. of the arsenal, on 3 different sites, called 
the Upper, Middle, and Lower Water shops, the 
whole comprising 5 workshops, 2S forges, 10 trip- 
hammers, 18 water-wheels, exliibiting a great 
assemblage of water-works. The whole estab- 
lishment employs from 240 to 250 workmen, who 
complete 43 nmskets daily. The water power 
owned by the United States would admit of a 
great extension of these works. There were in 



SPR 



630 



SPR 



Springfield, ill 1810, 6S stores, cap. $250,000; 
value of machinery manufactnretl, $120,000; 
hardware and cutlery, $123,000; 30 cannon and 
14,000 small-arms ; 8 cotton fac. 43,700 sp., cap. 
$1,650,000 ; 3 tanneries, 2 breweries, 3 grist m., 3 
saw m., 4 paper fac, 7 printing offices, 4 weekly 
newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $2,631,500. 3 
acad. 140 students, 36 sell. 1,512 scholars. At 
the mouth of Chickapee r., where it enters the 
Connecticut, is Chickapee village, 4 ms. n. of 
Springfield, a fine manufacturing village in that, 
of Springfield, which has 3 churches — 1 Baptist, 
1 Congregational, 1 Methodist — 4 cotton fac, 1 
paper fac, 150 houses, and about 1,200 inhabit- 
ants. 

Springfield, p-t., Otsego co., N. Y., 8 n. 
Cooperstown, 61 w. Albany, 379 W. The sur- 
face is elevated and hilly ; soil, fertile in the val- 
leys. The N. end of Otsego lake extends to the 
centre of the t. It lias 5 stores, cap. $19,500 ; 4 
fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 furnace, 3 tanneries, 

4 grist m., 13 saw m. Cap. in manufac. .$24,515. 
16 sch. 800 scholars. Pop. 2,382. 

Springfield, p-t., Essex co., N. .1., 8 w. New- 
ark, 52 N. E. Trenton, 217 W. The surface is 
hilly ; soil, clay loam and red shale. Rahvvay r. 
runs on its e. border, by tributaries of which it is 
drained. It is distinguished for its paper manu- 
factories. The v. is situated on Rahway r., and 
contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist church, 

5 stores, 2 grist m., 1 saw m., 10 paper m., and 
200 dwellings. There are in the t. 7 stores, cap. 
$22,300; 1 tannery, 11 paper fac, 3 grist m., 2 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $153,694. 7 sch. 453 
scholars. Pop. 1,651. 

Springfield, t., Burlington co., N. J., 5 n. e. 
Mount Holly. The surface is level ; soil, sand 
and sandy loam, fertile, and well cultivated. The 
inhabitants are mostly Friends, and they have 3 
Friends churches. Drained by Assiscunk cr. and 
its branches ; and by tributaries of the n. branch 
of Rancocus cr. It has 3 stores, cap. ,$13,000; 1 
tannery. Cap. in manufac. $6,320. 7 sch. 411 
scholars. Pop. 1,632. 

Springfield, p-t., Bradford co.. Pa., 154 n. by 
E. Harrisburg, 261 W. The surface is hilly; 
soil, gravelly loam. Drained by Bentley's cr., 
and branches of Sugar cr. It has 1 fulling m., 1 
grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,860. 12 
sch. 413 scholars. Pop. 1,437. 

Springfield, t., Bucks co.. Pa., 15 n. Doyles- 
town, 40 N. Philadelphia. The surface is rolling ; 
soil sandy loam. Drained by Durham cr., which 
affords water power, and by branches of Tohick- 
on cr. It has a v. which contains a churcli. 
There are in the t. 6 stores, cap. $21,300; 1 full- 
ing m., 2 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 7 grist m., 6 
saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $10,840. Pop. 
2,072. 

Springfield, t., Delaware co.. Pa., 12 w. 
Philadelphia, 4 n. Chester. Crum cr. runs on its 
w. boundary. It contains a church, 2 woollen 
fac, 3 cotton fac. 3,860 sp., 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 
1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $65,950. 2 sch. 80 
scholars. Pop. 860. 

Springfield, t., Mercer co., Pa. The surface 
is level ; soil, clay and loam. Drained by Ne- 
shannock cr. It has 4 stores, cap. $3,700 ; 2 tan- 
neries, 6 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$500. 13 sch. 476 scholars. Pop. 1,804. 

Springfield, t., Erie co.. Pa. Drained by 
Crooked, Elk, and Racoon creeks. The surface 
is hilly ; soil, loam. It has 3 stores, cap. $8,500 ; 
1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 2 grist m., 7 
saw m. Cap. in manufac $5,050 ; 1 sch. 18 
scholars. Pop. 2,344. 

Springfield, t, Hmitingdon co., Pa., 21 s. 



Huntingdon b. The surface is hilly ; soil, in the 
valleys, calcareous loam. Drained by Great 
Aughwick cr., and its branches, flowing into Ju- 
niata r. Iron ore is abundant. It has 1 store, 
cap. $4,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 pottery, 3 grist m., 7 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,245. Pop. 934. 

Spp.ingfield, t., Montgomery CO., Pa., 10 n. 
Philadelphia, 7 N. E. Norristown. The surface 
is rolling; soil, calcareous loam. Drained by a 
branch of Wissahickon cr. Near the v. of Flour- 
town is a church. It has 3 stores, cap. $7,000 ; 
2 grist m., I saw m Pop. 695. 

Springfield, t., York co.. Pa. It has 4 stores, 
cap. $4,700 ; 2 tanneries, 16 distilleries, 4 grist 
m., 4 saw m., 2 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $26,400. 
Pop. 1,207. 

Springfield, p-v., Hampshire co., Va., 197 n. 
N. w. Richmond, 125 W. Situated on a branch 
of Potomac r., and contains about 75 inhabitants. 

Springfield, p-v., capital of Effingham co., 
Ga., 23 N. w. Savannah, 133 e. s. e. Milledgeville, 
678 W. It contains a court house, jail, 1 store, 
and about 80 inhabitants. 

Springfield, pv., Greene co., Ala., 33 s. s. 
w. Tuscaloosa, 851 W. 

Springfield, p-v., capital of Livingston par.. 
La., 65 N. w. New Orieans, 1,152 W. Situated 
on the w. bank of Notalbaney r., a branch of 
Tickfaw r. It contains a court house, jail, and 
about 75 inhabitants. 

Springfield, p-v., capital of Robertson co., 
Tenn., 26 n. by w. Nashville, 708 W. Situated 
on the s. bank of Sulphur Fork of Red r., which 
flows into Cumberland r., at Clarksville. It con- 
tains a court house, jail, 2 stores, and about 275 
inhabitants. 

Springfield, p-v., capital of Washington co., 
Ky., 63 s. s. w. Frankfort, 590 W. It contains a 
court house, jail, a bank, and 598 inhabitants. 

Springfield, t., Muskingum co., O. It has 7 
sch. 263 scholars. Pop. 1,091. 

Springfield, p-v., Springfield t., capital of 
Clarke co., O., 43 w. Columbus, 436 W. Situ- 
ated on the national road, and on the e. fork of 
Mad r., which afTords extensive water power. It 
contains a handsome court house, a clerk's office, 
jail, 1 male and 1 female academy, 4 churches — 
1 Presbyterian, 1 Methodist, 1 Reformed Metho- 
dist, and 1 Associate Reformed — 30 stores, 1 pa- 
per m., 1 grist m., 1 carding and fulling m., 1 
brewery, 1 distillery, 1 printing ofllce, which is- 
sues a weekly newspaper, 15 sch. 793 scholars, 
400 dwellings, and about2,062 inhabitants. There 
are in the t., exclusive of the v., 1 acad. 60 stu- 
dents. Pop. 2,349. 

Springfield, t., Gallia co., O. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $2,800 ; 1 distillery, 2 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $1,950. Pop. 991. 

Springfield, t., Hamilton co., O. It has 13 
sch. 69 scholars. Pop. 3,092. 

Springfield, t., Richland co., O. It has 1 
sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 1,686. 

Springfield, t.. Summit co., O. It has 7 sch. 
208 scholars. Pop. 1,663. 

Springfield, t., Williams co., O. It has 2 
sch. 45 scholars. Pop. 359. 

Springfield, p-t., Oakland co., Mich., 37 n. 
w. Detroit, 561 W. It has 2 stores, cap. $4,300; 
1 saw m. Pop. 573. 

Springfield, p-v., Franklin co., la., 71 e. s. e. 
Indianapolis, 507 W. Situated on a small branch 
of Whitewater r. 

Springfield, t.. La Grange co., la. It has 1 
store, cap. $12,000 ; 1 distillery, 1 grist m., 3 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $20,800. 4 sch. 59 schol- 
ars. Pop. 429. 

Springfield, p-v., capital of Sangamon co., 



SPR 



631 



SPR 



and of the State of Illinois, 105 n. by e. St. Louis, 
780 from W. Situated near the centre of the 
state, 4 ms. s. Sangamon r., on tlie border of a 
beautiful and extended prairie. It was laid out 
in 1822, and in 1823 contained 30 families, living 
in log cabins. Its principal growth has been 
within 10 years pa.st. It contains a state house, 
lor the erection of which §50,000 has been ap- 
propriated, a court house, and market house, on a 
fine public .square, a jail, a U. S. land office, 6 
churches — 2 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, 
1 Baptist Reformed, and 1 Methodist — 3 acade- 
mies, 34 stores, cap. §266,000 ; 1 iron foundry, 4 
carding machines, 3 printing offices, each issuing 
a weekly newspaper, and 2,579 inhabitants. It 
has been tiie capital of the stale since 1840. 

Springfield, p-v., Jackson co., Iowa. 

Spri.ngfield, p-v., Madison co., Miss., 41 n. 
N. E. Jackson, 97^ W. 

Springfield, p-v., capital of Greene co., Mo., 
158 s. w. Jefferson City, 1,073 W. Situated on 
the head branches of James fork of White r., and 
contains a court house, jail, a United States land 
office, 8 stores, and abotit 500 inhabitants. 

Springfield Cross Roads, p-o., Erie co.. Pa., 
270 N. w. Harrisburg, 341 W. 

Springfield Furn.\ce, p-o., Huntingdon co.. 
Pa., 115 w. Harrisburg, 153 W. 

Spring Forge, p-o., York co., Pa., 31 s. Har- 
risburg, 92 W. 

Spring Garden, t., York co.. Pa. It has 1 
store, 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 6 
distilleries, 1 pottery, 1 paper fac, 5 grist m., 1 
saw m., 2 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $57,355. 1 
sch. 32 scholars. Pop. 1,819. 

Spring Garden, p-v., Philadelphia co., Pa., 
100 E. s. E. Harrisburg, 140 W. It is in fact a 
constituent part of the city of Philadelphia, 
though under a separate charter, and governed 
by 13 commissioners, elected for 3 years. It con- 
tains the Fairmont water-works, the Eastern pen- 
itentiary, the house of refuge, the city hospital, 
an entensive floor cloth fac, 5 commission houses, 
cap. $25,000; 106 retail stores, cap. $234,650 ; 13 
lumber yards, cap. $271,0.00 ; 4 woollen fac, 4 
cotton fac. 7,802 sp., 5 dyeing and print estab., 3 
tanneries, 1 distillery, 3 breweries, 1 pottery, 1 
paper fac, 1 rope fac, 1 flouring m., 1 grist m. 
Cap. in manufac. $1,178,000. 8 acad. 702 stu- 
dents, 29 schools, 1,057 scholars. Population 
27,849. 

Spring Garden, p-v., Pittsylvania co., Va., 
154 w. s. w. Richmond, 241 W. It contains 1 
Baptist church, 1 store, and several mechanic 
shops. 

Spring Garden, p-o., Jefferson co., El., 140 s. 
s. w. Springfield, 835 W. 

Spring Grove, p-o., Lancaster co.. Pa., 64 e. 
s. E. Harrisburg, 99 W. 

Spring Grove, p-o., Iredell co., N. C, 139 w. 
Raleigh, 376 W. 

Spring Grove, p-o., Laurens dist., S. C, 66 
W. N. w. Columbia. 

Spring Grove, p-o., Alachua co., Flor. 

Spring Grove, p-o., Warren co.. 111., 123 n. 
w. Springfield, 853 \V. 

Spring Hill, po., Bradford co.. Pa., 163 n. by 
E. Harrisburg, 273 W. 

Spring IIill, t., Fayette co.. Pa. It has 6 
stores, cap. $20,500 ; 1 forge, 1 tannery, 3 distil- 
leries, 1 glass house, 5 grist m., 11 saw m.. 1 oil 
m. Cap. in manufac. $23,683. 6 sch. 360 scho- 
lars. Pop. 2,3 -^o. 

Spring Hill, p-o., Chesterfield co., Va.. 24 s. 
s. \v. Richmond, 141 W. 

Spring Hill, p-o., York dist., S. C, 92 N. by 
w. Columbia, 415 W. 



Spring Hill, p-o., flionroe co., Ga., 65 vv.Mil- 
ledgeville, 720 W. 

Spring Hill, p-v., Marengo Co., Ala., 71 s. by 
w. Tuscaloosa, H83 W. Situated a few ms. e. of 
the Tombigbee r., and contains about 125 inhab- 
itants. 

Spring Hill, p o., Tippah co., Miss., 214 n. n 
E. Jackson, 879 W. 

Spring Hill, p-o., Hempsted co., Ark., 136 3 
w. Little Rock, 1,201 W. 

Spring Hill, p-o., Maury co., Tenn., 30 s. s, 
w. Nashville, 707 W. 

Spring Hill, p-o., Rapides par.. La. 

Spring Hill, p-o., Decatur co., la., 54 s. e. 
Indianapolis, 542 W. 

Spring Hill, t., Hempsted co.. Ark. It has 2 
academies, 70 students. Pop. 892. 

Spring Hill, p-o., Scott co.. Mo., 213 s. e. 
Jefferson City, 861 W. 

Spring House, po., Montgomery co.. Pa., 99 
E. Harrisburg, 154 W. 

Spring Mill, p-o.. Independence t., Alleghany 
CO., N. Y., 269 w. by s. Albany, 297 W. 

Sprlng Mill.s, p-o.. Centre co.. Pa., 80 n. w. 
Harrisburg, 174 W. 

Spring Mills, p-o. Lawrence co., la., 81 s. s. 
w. Indianapolis, 626 W. 

Sprlng Place, p-v., capital of Murray co., Ga., 
184 N. w. iMilledgevillo, 605 W. Situated 3 ms. 
E. of Connessauga r. Formerly a missionary 
station among the Cherokees. It contains a court" 
house and jail; and about 150 inhabitants. 

Spring Place, p-v., Marshall co., Tenn., 66 s. 
Nashville, 712 W. 

Springport, t., Cayuga co., N. Y., 9 s. w. Au- 
burn, 165 w. Albany. The surface is rolling ; 
soil, calcareous loam, well cultivated and produc- 
tive. Drained by small streams flowing into 
Cayuga lake, which bounds it on the w. It has 
7 stores, cap. $35,400 ; 1 lumberyard, cap. $2,500 ; 
1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 3 grist 
m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $105,750. 10 
sch. 566 scholars. Pop. 1,890. 

Springport, p-t., Jackson co., Mich., 100 w. 
Detroit, 570 W. It ha.s 2 sch. 47 scholars. Pop. 294. 

Spring River, t., Lawrence co.. Ark. Pop. 545. 

Spring Ridge, p-o., Hinds co., 3Iiss. 

Spring Rock, p-o., York dist., S. C, 71 n. Co- 
lumbia, 433 W. 

Spring Rock, p-o., Clinton co., Iowa. 

Springtown, p-v., Springfield t., Bucks Co., 
Pa., 106 E. Harrisburg, 185 W. It contains a store, 
and 8 or 10 dwellings. 

Spring VALE, p-v., York co.. Me., 86 s. w. Au- 
gusta, 515 W. 

Spkingville, p-v.. Concord t., Erie co., N. Y., 
287 w. Albany, 353 W. Situated on Spring cr., 
and contains 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Bap- 
tist, and 1 Blethodist — an academy, 5 stores, 2 
flouring m., 3 saw- m., 2 tanneries, 2 woollen fac, 
1 furnace, 1 cabinet fac, 175 dwellings, and about 
1,000 inhabitants. 

Spring VI lle, p-t., Susquehanna co.. Pa., 173 
N. N. E. Ilarri.sburg, 274 W. It has 3 stores, cap. 
•$9,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $5,000. 1 acad. 22 students, 6 sch. 162 
scholars. Pop. 926. 

Springville, p-v., Big Spring t., Seneca co., 
O., 89 N. Columbus, 439 \V. 

Spklngville, p-v., Lenawee co., Mich., 68 s. 
w. Detroit, 523 W. It contains a store, and a few 
dwellings. 

Springville, p-v., Greenup co., Ky., 134 E. by 
N. Frankfort, 441 W. Situated on the s. bank 
of Ohio r., directly opposite to Portsmouth. 

Springville, p-v., St. Clair co., Ala., 83 e. n. 
1 E. Tuscaloosa, 734 W. 



STA 



632 



STA 



Spkinovii.le, p-v., I^uvvrerice co., la., 81 s. s. 
w. IndiniiiipoliH, (iUl W. 

Si'iMN(;wATn;R, |)-l., Livingston co., N. Y., 10 
E. Geiic«(:<>, 220 w. Albiitiy, 341 W. The mirliice 
is hilly anil roiij^li ; hoil.chiy loiirn, well sulapled 
to gra«H. Druiiicd hy tlin inlet of ilernluck lake. 
It liiiH U Htoriis, cup. $1H,:J00; I limihcr yard, cap. 
$1,1)00; 2 liilliiif.; in., 3 tannerien, 3 gri^t in., 21 
saw Ml. Cap. in rnanufac. $51,730. 17 Hch. 888 
scholarH. I'op. 2,832. 

Si'RiNf; Wki^lh, t., Washtenaw co., Mich. Ii, 
has 2 sell, yf) scholars. Pop. '.)I0. 

Si'Koirr Ckkkk, po., La ( 'range t., Uutchess 
CO., N. v., 80 B. Albany, 307 VV. 

SriincK, p-o., Alhion t., Oswego co., N. Y., 148 
w. N. w. Alliany, 3S2 W. 

Si>ii(i(;i'; IIkai), I., Hancock co.. Me. Pop. 12. 

Sqijam, lake and r., IN. II. This lake lie»j be- 
tween Sandwicli, llolderno.ss, Monllonboroiigh, 
und Cenlre Harbor Ujwnsliips, and is ins. long 
and 3 wiilo, at its greatest width. It has a niiin- 
ber ol islands, and is a beaulii'ul sheet of wat(!r, 
surrounih^d by ijicluresfpie scenery. TIk! outlet 
18 called Si|nain r.,and IIcjwm inio Peinigewasset r. 

SuUA.M, bay, I'^sscfx co., Mass., is siniattid on 
the N. of ('ape Ann, and connected with (iloiiccs- 
tcr harbor, on the ,s. side of the cape, by a short 
canal, which crosses the isthinu.s that joins the 
cape with the main land. 

SuuAM, v., Gloucester t., Essex co., Mass. Sit- 
uated on th(! N. side of Cape Ann, and is inhab- 
ited chiedy by fishernieri. ll contains 1 (Congre- 
gational, I Baptist, and 1 IJiiivcrsalist church, 
ll has a good harbor, and considerable shipping. 

SuUANKii.vi, p-v., Howell t., Monnionth (;o., N. 
.L, 10 .s. K. Freehold, 43 .s. k. Trenton, 20'.) W. 
It coiilains 1 Friends church, 1 store, 1 grist in. 
and fulling in., and alujut 15 dwellings. It is 
(surrounded by a pine forest, and a sandy soil. 

SuuAiiK, p-o., Cayuga co., N. Y., 101 w. by n. 
Albany, 320 W. 

SacAiiK Pond, p-o., Tolland co., Ct., 20 n. e. 
llarllbrd, 302 W. The pond is situated on the 
K. line of Siafliird, with an outlet llowing n., in- 
to Willinianlic r. 

S I'AATniiUiKJ, p-o., Hyde Park t., DutchoBS co., 
N. v., 01 H. Albany, 30'J W. 

Staffoiio, t., Tolland co., Ct., 6 N. E. Tolland, 
24 N. }■:. Hartford, T.l w. s. w. Boston. The sur- 
face is hilly and inountainoiis ; soil, gravelly 
louin, adapted to grazing. Watered by l*'nrnac;e 
and Williinaiitic rivers, which unite in this t., and 
affijrd good water jiower. Bog iron ore of an 
excell(;nt (|uality is found, and (extensively man- 
ufactured, particularly into hollow ware. The 
V. is on an elevated plain, with a large open 
square in tho centre, and contains a Congrega- 
tional and a IJniversalist church. There is also 
a Methodist chundi in tho t. — (see; Stail<)r(l 
Springs.) There are in the t. 8 stores, cap. $21,000; 
1 fulling III., 5 woollen fac.,4 furnaces, 2 forges, 2 
tanneries, 2 grist in., 4 saw m. Cap. in nianufac. 
.f82,2(M). I'Jsch. 052 scholars. Pop. 2,40'J. 

STAi't'OHiJ, p-t., (ilenesce co., N. V., 243 vv. by 
N. Albany, 377 VV. The suriiiee is generally 
level; s(jil, clay and gravelly loam. Draiiu^d by 
Allen's and Black creeks. 'i'h(i v. contains 3 
churches, 2 stores, 30 dwellings, and about 200 
inhabitants. There are in the t. 4 stores, cap. 
$25,.500; 3 fulling in., 1 wooIKmi fac, 1 tannc^ry, 
1 distillery, 5 grist in., 8 saw m. Caj). in iiiann- 
fac. $87,435. I acad. 29 students, 18 seh. 773 
scholars. Pop. 2,.5()l. 

StaI'I'OIU), t., Monmouth co., N. J., 3S r. Free- 
hold. The KUiliic<; is level ; soil, sand, gravel, 
and marsh. Long Beach extends about 1 1 lus. 
along the ocean, and is 1 m. wide on an average, 



separating Little I'/gg Harbor bay from the sea 
The bay is from 2 to 3 ins. wide, and back of it 
is a salt marsh, of ofinal width. Drained by 
JManaliocking, (iunniiig, (.'edar, and Westccunk 
creeks. It has 'J stores, eaj). $3,212; 1 grist ni., 
4 saw III., 7 sell. 215 scholars. Po|). 2,149. 

Stafford, county, Va. Situated in the k. pari 
of the state, and contains 335 sij. ins. Rappahan- 
no<4{ r. runs on its ,s. vv. bordr'r. Draiinid by Po- 
tomar; and Aqnila creeks, small braindies of Po- 
tomac r. Capital, Falmouth. There were in 
H40, neat cattle 5,357, sheep 5,105, swine 'J,0G8 ; 
wheat 30,510 bush, produced, rye 4,281, Ind. corn 
212,183, buckwheat 250, oats 08,1(50, potatoes 
11,518, tobacco, 31,031 pounds, cotton 700,287 ; 7 
stores, cap. $1H,0;)0 ; 1 tannery, 10 grist m., 2 saw 
m. Cap. in maimfac. $1,700. 11 sell. l'J5 scho- 
lars. Pop. whites 4,489, slaves 3,590, free coi'd 
309; total, 8,4.54. 

STAi'i'OitD, p-o., Monroe co., O., 118 e. Colum- 
bus, 287 W. 

Staki'oiii), (;. IL, p-v., capital of Stafford co., 
Va., 73 N. Uichmond, 40 W. Situated on the n. 
bank of Rappahannock r., opposite to Freilericks- 
biirg. It contains a court liouse, jail, 2 stores, 
and 83 dwellings. 

Stai'Kord Si'iii,N(;a, p-v., Staflijrd t., Tolland 
CO., Ct., 28 N. K. Hartford, 304 VV. Tho springs 
have acquired much celebrity for the cure of 
cuiancious complaints. There are 2 springs, of 
diflcrent (lualilies. One contains a solnlioii of iron, 
sustained by carbonic acid gas, a portion of ma- 
rine salt, and what is called natron or a native 
alkali. 'I'llis is one of the most e/licacious elia- 
lybeulc! springs in the United Slates. The other 
spring contains a large portion of hytliogen gas, 
of sulphur, and a small portion of iron. The first 
spring is on tho margin of a branch of Williman- 
tic r., and the oilier a few rods w. of it. Here ia 
a spacious and elegant hotel for the accommoda- 
tion of visiters, who are numerous in the summer 
season, and the country around is peculiarly ro- 
mantic. 

Si'A(;fjvii,iJ';, i)-v.. Orange co., N. C, 31 n. w. 
Raleigh, 273 W. ,^ 

S'rAiiLEii'H, po., Lehigh co.. Pa., 80 e. n. e. 
Ilarrisburg, 179 W. 

Sta 1-1,1 N(j.s Store, p-o., Monroe co., Ga., 43 
w. Milledgeville, 098 W. 

Sta.mI'OKd, p-t., Bennington co., Vt., 9 s. k. 
Bennington, 143 s. s. w. Montpelier, 404 W. 
The surfai;e is very uneven, lying on the w. bor- 
der of the (jreen mountain range, and much of it 
is incajiable of cultivation. There are 2 ponds in 
the N. part, one of which discharges its waters 
w. through Walloomsac, into lloosic r., and tho 
other s. into Deerlield r. Drained by brauchcH 
of lloosic r. it has 1 store, cap. $2,.5O0 ; 5 saw 
III. ( 'ap. in manufac. $l,0(JO. 4 sell. 99 scholars. 
Pop. 002. 

Stamp'ori), p-t., Fairfi<dd co., Ct., 77 s. w. 
Hartford, 203 W. Long Island soiiikI bounds it 
on the H., on which is a gooil harbor, at the month 
of Mill r., for ves.sels re(jiiiring8 feet of water. 
The surface is undulating ; soil, a fertile gravelly 
loam. Draini:d by Mill and Miannns rivers. 
The borough, near the mouth of Mill r., contaiiiH 
4 (■hiirclies — I (Congregational, 1 I'/pisi'opal, 1 
Baptist, and I Methodist — 12 stores, a bank, 1 iron 
foundry, 1 rolling in., 1 wire fac, and about 750 
inhabitants. A canal has been cut to the sound, 
IHO rods long, 30 leet wide, and 7 deep, at an ex- 
pcMise ol $7,(J(J0. It has 17 stores, cap. $32,750; 
2 lumber yanls, (-ap. $5,500 : 1 furnace, 1 l()rge, 
1 tannery, I printing oflice, 1 weekly newspaper. 
<v'ap. in manufac. $23,200. 11 scli. 431 scholarB. 
Pop. 3,510. 



STA 



633 



STA 



Stamford, p-t., Delaware co., N. Y., 61 w. s. 
w. Albany, 357 W. The surface is uneven and 
broken ; soil, well adapted to grazinj];. Drained 
by head branches of Delaware r. The v. con- 
tains 1 Presbyterian church, 2 stores, and 15 or 
20 dwellings. There arc in th« t. 11 stores, cap. 
$44,728 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac., 2 tanneries, 
2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,100. 
14 sch. 477 scholars. Pop. 1,686. 

Stampers Creek, t.. Orange co., la. It has 
6 sch. 215 scholars. Pop. 699. 

Stamping Ground, p-o., Scott co., Ky., 21 n. 
E. Frankfort, 531 W. 

Stanardsville, p-v., capital of Greene co., 
Va., 95 N. w. Richmond, 114 W. Situated near 
the Blue Ridge, and contains a court house, 5 
stores, 1 tannery, 25 dwellings, and about 150 
inhabitants. 

Standing Peach Tree, p-o., De Kalb co., 
Ga., 101 N. w. Milledgeville, 687 W. 

Standing Rock, po., Stewart co., Tenn., 84 
w. N. w. Nashville, 762 W. 

Standing Stone, p-o., Bradford co., Pa., 140 
N. by E. Harrisburg, 250 W. 

Standish, p-t., Cumberland co.. Me., 62 s. s. 
w. Augusta, 538 W. Sebago lake lies on its n. 
border. The soil is fertile. Incorporated in 1785. 
It has 8 stores, cap. §5,500; 1 grist m., 6 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $8,600. 17 sch. 483 scholars. 
Pop. 2,198. 

Stanford, t., Dutchess co., N. Y., 16 n. e. 
Poughkeepsie, 72 s. by e. Albany. The surface 
is hilly and mountainous ; soil, gravelly and 
sandy loam, well adapted to grazing. Drained 
by Wappinger's cr. It has 6 stores, cap. $16,000 ; 
2 paper fac, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $27,800. 8 sch. 269 scholars. Pop. 2,278. 

Stanford, p-v., capital of Lincoln co., Ky., 
52 s. s. E. Frankfort, 563 W. Situated on a small 
branch of Dick's r., and contains a court houiie, 
jail, a seminary, and 263 inhabitants. 

Stanford, p-v., Monroe co., la., 59 s. s. w. 
Indianapolis, 626 W. 

Stanfordville, p-v., Stanford t., Dutchess 
CO., N. Y., 67 s. Albany, 318 W. Situated on 
the E. side of Wappinger's cr., and contains 3 
churches — 1 Christian and 2 Friends — 2 stores, 
1 woollen fac, 1 grist m., and 25 or 30 dwellings, 
inhabited mostly by Friends. 

Stanfordville, p-v., Putnam co., Ga., 21 n. 
w. Milledgeville, 642 W. It contains 75 inhab- 
itants. 

Stanhope, p-v., on the s. boundary of Byram 
t, Sussex CO., N. J., 60 n. Trenton, 230 W. Sit- 
uated on Musconetcong r., and on the Morris 
canal, and contains 2 stores, 3 forges, and about 
30 dwellings. The r. here affords good water 
power, by a fall of 30 feet, produced by leading 
it from its bed ; and the canal, by an inclined 
plain, overcomes an elevation of 76 feet. 

Stanhope, p-v., Monroe co., Pa., 123 n. e. 
Harrisburg, 222 VV. 

Stanhope, p-v., Nash co., N. C, 32 e. by n. 
Raleigh, 266 W. 

Stanlv, county, N. C. Situated in the s. part 
of the state, and contains 280 sq. nis. It has the 
Yadkin r. on the E. Drained by branches of 
Rocky r. 

Stantonsburg, p-v., Edgecombe co., N. C.,71 
E. Raleigh, 2:il W. 

Stantonville, p-v., Anderson dist., S. C, 118 
w. N. w. Columbia, 522 W. 

Stanvvich, p-o., Fairfield co., Ct., 89 s. w. 
Hartford, 265 W. 

Staples, p-o., Campbell co., Va. 

Stapleton, v., Southfield t., Richmond co., 
N. Y. Situated on the e. side of Staten Island, 
80 



2 ms. N. of the " Narrows." It contains 1 Meth- 
odist church and 1 Dutch Reformed chapel, at- 
tached to the Seamen's Retreat, 1 store, 1 print- 
ing office, 50 dwellings, and about 400 inhabitants. 
Here is the Seamen's Retreat, an hospital for the 
reception of sick or disabled seamen, supported 
by a tax, levied by law, of $1.50 upon each mas- 
ter of a vessel, and $1 for each mariner on every 
foreign voyage, and 25 cents of each mariner for 
each voyage coastwise, which entitles each indi- 
vidual to the benefits of the hospital, while sick 
or disabled. Founded in 1830, opened Oct. 1st, 
1831. For a period of 10 years, 9,559 patients 
have been admitted, of whom 9,428 have been 
cured, relieved, or have died, and 131 remamed 
in the hospital Dec 31st, 1840. The amoimt col- 
lected annually is about $27,000, in addition to 
which the Retreat has had a loan of $^5,000 from 
the 3Iarine Hospital, arising from alien passengers. 
The building is 208 feet long, 52 wide, and 3 
stories high, with wings 32 feet deep and 2 stories 
high, and cost $100,000. Attached to the build- 
ing are 37 acres of land, which cost $10,000. 

Stark, county, O. Situated toward the n. 
e. part of the state, and contains 650 sq. ms. 
The surface is level ; soil, fertile. Drained by 
Tuscarawas r. and its branches. Iron ore, min- 
eral coal, and limestone, are abundant. The 
Ohio canal passes through its w. part. Capital, 
Canton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 25,620, 
sheep 51,119, swine 32,240; wheat 753,977 bush, 
produced, rye 52,751, Ind. corn 273,225, buck- 
wheat 13,196, barley 5,043, oats 504,051, potatoes 
156,672, sugar 96,688 pounds ; 22 commis-sion 
houses, cap. $59,500; 105 stores, cap. $242,715 ; 

3 furnaces, 1 forge, 1 1 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 
26 tanneries, 26 distilleries, 11 breweries, 11 pot- 
teries, 5 flouring m., 31 grist m., 99 saw ra., 2 oil 
m., 5 printing offices, 4 weekly newspapers. 
Cap. in manufac. $314,099. 33 sch. 809 scholars. 
Pop. 34,603. 

Stark, county, la. Situated toward the n. w. 
part of the state, and contains 432 sq. ms. Drain- 
ed by Kankakee and Yellow rivers. There are 
extensive marshes on the Kankakee. It us un- 
organized. There were in 1840, neat cattle 107, 
sheep 66, swine 3.57 ; wheat 504 bush, produced, 
Ind. corn 1,700, oats 174, potatoes 923. Pop. 149. 

Stark, county, III. Situated n. w. of the 
centre of the state, and contains 288 sq. ms. 
The surface is undulating ; soil, very iertile. 
Drained by Spoon r. Capital, Toulon. There 
were in 18-10, neat cattle 1,461, sheep 1,322, swine 
5.269 ; wheat 18,876 bush, produced, Ind. corn 
61,655, oats 16,850, potatoes 8,112, tobacco 590 
pounds, sugar 3,1 3i); 3 stores, cap. $5,000 ; 1 tan- 
nery, 3 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
.$5i)0. 8 sch. 214 scholars. Pop. 1,573. 

Starks, p-t., Somerset co.. Me., 40 n. n. w. 
Augusta, 633 \Y. Situated on the vv. side of 
Kermebec r., opposite to NoiTidgewock. Wa- 
tered by Sandy r., which here enters the Kenne- 
bec, and affords water power. The soil is fertile, 
adapted to grain. Incorporated in 1795. It has 
1 store, cap. §1,000; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 3 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $600. 17 sch. 693 scho- 
lars. Pop. 1,559. 

Stark, p-t., Coos co., N. H., 10 n. e. Lancas- 
ter, 117 N. Concord, 578 VV. The surface is very 
uneven and broken. First settled in 1788, and 
named Piercy. It has 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 5 sch. 
75 scholars. Pop. 349. 

Stark, t., Herkimer co., N. Y., 12 s. e. Her- 
kimer, 69 Albany. The surface is hilly ; soil, 
sandy and calcareous loam. Drained by Ots- 
quaga cr. It has 6 stores, cap. .$44,150; 2 full- 
ing m., 1 cotton fac. 2,424 sp., 1 furnace, 2 tan- 



STA 



634 



STE 



neries, 2 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$61,828. 8 sch. 335 scholars. Pop. 1,766. 

Starkev, p-t., Yates co., N. Y., 10 n. e. Penn 
Yan, 188 w. Albany, 315 W. The surface is 
hilly ; soil, clay loam. Drained by small streams 
flowing into Seneca lake, which bounds it on the 
E. It has 12 stores, cap. $34,500 ; 4 fulling m., 
1 woollen fac, 1 furnace, 2 tanneries, 2 flouring 
m., 4 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
JS80,000. 14 sch. 1,832 scholars. Pop. 2,426. 

Starksborough, p-t., Addison co., Vt., 42 vv. 
by s. Montpelier, 498 W. The surface is moun- 
tainous and rough ; soil, loam, and in some parts 
fertile, but mucli of it is unfit for cultivation. 
Drained by Huntington r. and Lewis cr., which 
aflR)rd water power. Chartered in 1780. First 
settled in 1788. The religious denominations are 
Congregationalists, Methodists, Friends, and Free- 
will Baptists. It has 1 store, cap. .1^3,700 ; 1 full- 
ing m., 1 forge, 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $9,800. 14 sch. 488 scholars. 
Pop. 1,263. 

Starkville, p-v.. Stark t., Herkimer co., N. 
Y., 62 N. w. Albany, 385 W. It contains 2 
churches, 2 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., and about 
30 dwellings. 

Starksville, v., Hoosick t., Rensselaer co., 
N. Y. Situated on Walloomsack cr., and con- 
tains 1 store, 1 cotton fac, 1 grist m., and about 
25 dwellings. 

Starkville, p-v., capital of Lee co., Ga., 133 
s. w. Milledgeville, 778 W. Situated on a branch 
of Flint r., and contains a court house, jail, and a 
number of dwellings. 

Starkville, p-v., Oktibbeha co., Miss., 143 
N. E. Jackson, 912 W. 

Starlington, p-o., Butler co., Ala., 161 s. s. 
E. Tuscaloosa, 903 W. 

Starr, p-t., Hocking co., O., 59 s. e. Colum- 
bus, 377 W. Watered by head branches of 
Racoon cr. It has 1 school, 35 scholars. Pop. 
622. 

Starsville, p-v., Newton co., Ga., 55 n. n. 
w. Milledgeville, 654 W. 

Starucca, p-v., Wayne co., Pa., 191 n. e. 
Harrisbnrg, 285 W. 

State Bridge, p-o., Lenox t., Madison co., 
N. Y., 119 w. by n. Albany, 376 W. 

State Line, p-o., Franklin co.. Pa., 61 w. s. 
w. Harrisbnrg, 74 W. 

State Line, p-o., Trumbull co., O., 197 n. e. 
Columbus, 306 W. 

State Line, p-o., Allen co., Ky., 157 s. w. 
Frankfort, 680 W. 

State Line, p-o., Floyd co., Ga., 184 N. w. 
Milledgeville, 693 W. 

Staten Island, N. Y., lies at its centre, 11 
s. w. of the city of New York, and forms the 
county of Richmond. It is 14 ms. long and from 
4 to 8 wide, and is divided into 4 townships. 
The surl'acc toward the n. is hilly, but more 
level to tlie s. Richmond hill is elevated 307 feet 
above the ocean, and the view from its summit is 
extensive and beautiful, including the city of N. 
York with its harbor, islands and fortifications, 
and a pleasant surrounding country on Long Is- 
land and New Jersey, together with the lower 
bay, and a wide expanse of tlie Atlantic, con- 
tinually enlivened by numerous vessels and 
steamboats. The island contains several pleas- 
ant villages, and is crowned with numerous 
country seats. Several steam ferry-boats are 
contimially plying between the island and the city 
of New York ; and the steamboats which ply to 
Newark, stop at several landing places on its n. 
jside. Tlie fisheries, both for scale and shell 
fish, on its borders, are productive. 



State Rights, p-o., Oglethorpe co., Ga., 70 
N. Milledgeville, 589 W. 

Statesborough, p-v., capital of Bullock co., 
Ga., 133 s. E. by e. Milledgeville, 671 W. Situ- 
ated 8 ms. s. of Great Ogeechee r., and contains 
a court house, jail, and a few dwellings. 

Statesburgh, p-v., Sumter dist., S. C, 53 e. 
by s. Columbia, 493 W. 

Statesville, p-v., capital of Iredell co., N. 
C, 145 w. Raleigh, 382 W. It contains a court 
house, jail, several stores, and 220 inhabitants. 

Statesville, p-v., Wilson co., Tenn., 39 e. 
Nashville 642 W. 

Station Camp, p-o., Estill co., Ky., 79 s. e. 
Frankfort, 545 W. 

Stauton, p-v.. New Castle co., Del., 51 n. 
Dover, 106 W. 

Stauton, p-v., capital of Augusta co., Va., 
116 w. N. w. Richmond, 156 W. Situated on 
Lewis cr., one of the head branches of Shenan- 
doah r., and is one of the oldest towns in the 
state. The land rises from the creek, and the 
streets, though narrow, are regularly laid out. 
It contains an elegant court liouse, a jail, 3 
churches, an academy, several stores, 250 dwell- 
ings, and about 2,500 inhabitants. The Western 
Lunatic Asylum is located here, and has a beau- 
tiful and commodious building. 

Staunton, p-v., Granville co., N. C. 

Staunton, t., Miami co., O. It has 1 distil- 
lery, 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,750. 4 
sch. 184 scholars. Pop. 1,220. 

Staunton, p-v., Macoupin co., 111., 69 s. s. w. 
Springfield, 789 W. Situated on the head 
branches of Silver cr., and contains 1 store, and 
about 40 inhabitants. It is surrounded by a 
very fertile and healthy region. 

Steam Mills, p-o., Washington co.. Ark., 196 
N. w. Little Rock, 1,205 W. 

Stearnsville, p-v., Berkshire co., Mass., 134 
w. Boston, 379 W. 

Steel Creek, p-o., Mecklenburg co., N. C, 
170 w. s. w. Raleigh, 409 W. 

Steele's, p-o., Anderson dist., S. C, 135 w. 
N. w. Columbia, 533 W. 

Steele's, p-o.. Rush co., la., 48 e.s. e. Indian- 
apolis, 520 W. 

Steele's Mills, p-o., Randolph co.. 111., 159 
s. Springfield, 851 W. 

Steele's Tavern, p-o., Augusta co., Va., 129 
w. N. w. Richmond, 171 W. 

Steelville, pv., Chester co., Pa. 

Steelville, p-v., capital of Crawford co.. 
Mo., 75 s. s. E. Jefferson City, 923 W. Situated 
on the s. sideof Maramecr., and contains a court 
house, jail, and several dwellings. The country 
around abounds with iron ore. 

Stell's Mills, p-o., Conway co.. Ark., 60 n. 
w. Little Rock, 1,125 W. 

STEi'HENsroRT, p-v., Breckeuridge co., Ky., 
123 w. s. w. FrankJbrt, 667 W. 

Stephenson, county, 111. Situated in the N. 
part of the state, and contains 500 sq. ms. Wa- 
tered by Pckatonica r. and branches. Capital, 
Freeport. There were in 1840, neat cattle 3,108, 
sheep 741, swine 9,623; wheat 46,203 bush, 
produced, Ind. corn 96,974, buckwheat 1,101, 
barley 3,714, oats 52,218, potatoes 45,137, tobac- 
co 2,021 pounds, sugar 6,543; 7 stores, cap. 
§10,500 ; 1 tannery, 5 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $2,415. 10 sch. 177 scholars. Pop. 
2,800. 

Stepiientown, p-t., Rensselaer co., N. Y., 
28 E. s. E. Albany, 376 W. Tlie surface is hilly 
and mountainous, with a valley extending through 
the centre from n. to s., through which flows 
Kinderhook r., by which it is watered. The soil 



STE 



635 



STE 



is ferule, well adapted to grazing. It has 6 
stores, cap. §13,500 ; 1 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 
1 cotlon fac. 1,648 sp., 4 grist m., 10 sawm. Cap. 
in manut'ac. $26, 500. 13 sch. 915 scholars. Pop. 
2,753. 

Stepney, p-v., Monroe t., Fairfield cc, Ct., 11 
N. Bridgeport, 58 s. vv. Hartford, 286 W. Situa- 
ted in the w. part of the t., and the ilousatonic 
railroad passes through it. 

Sterling, t., Lamoille co., Vt., 24 n. e. Bur- 
lington, 24 N. w. Montpelier. The surface is 
elevated and mountainous, and contains one of 
the highest peaks of the Green mountains. Wa- 
tered by small branches of Lamoille and Onion 
rivers. Chartered in 1732, first settled in 1799. 
It has 2 saw m., 3 sch. 42 scholars. Pop. 193. 

Sterling, pt., Worcester co., Mass., 4 1 w. Bos- 
ton, 411 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, mode- 
rately fertile, with but little waste land. Wa- 
tered by Still r. It contains a pleasant v. with 2 
churches, and about 20 dwellings. First settled 
in 1720. It has 3 stores, cap. §7,500 ; 2 tanne- 
ries, 3 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$8,900. 11 sch. 485 scholars. Pop. 1,617. 

Sterling, p-t., Windham co., Ct., 49 e by .s. 
Hartford, 376 W. Taken from the n. part of 
Voluntovvn in 1794. The surface is uneven ; 
soil, a light gravelly and sandy loam. Watered 
by branches of Moosup r., which afford water 
power. It contains a Baptist church. Here is a 
curious cavern, called the Devil's Den, which 
has a room 100 feet in diameter. It has 3 stores, 
cap. §7,800; 4 cotton fac. 5,400 sp., 1 tannery, 4 
grist m., 5 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. 
$103,775. 7 sch. 259 scholars. Pop. 1,099. 

Sterling, p-t., Cayuga co., N. Y., 179 w. 
Albany, 362 W. The surfoce is level or undu- 
lating; soil, sandy loam. Drained by Sodus cr., 
flowing into Lake Ontario, which bounds it on 
the N. Little Sodus Bay of Lake Ontario lies 
in its N. w. part. The v. is situated on Sodus 
cr., and contains 2 stores, 1 flouring m., 2 saw ra., 

1 iron foundry, 1 tannery, 30 dwellings, and 
about 200 inhabitants. There are in the t. 2 
stores, cap. $7,500 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 3 
grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. §3,410. 13 
sch. 773 scholars. Pop. 2,533. 

Sterling, p-t., Wayne co.. Pa., 146 n. e. 
Harrisburg, 240 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, 
gravel and loam. Drained by Waullenpaupack 
cr. and its branches, and by Lehigh r., which 
rises in this t. It has 6sch. 130 scholars. Pop. 808. 

Sterling, t.. Brown co., O. Situated in the .\. 
part of the co. It has 1 sch. 20 scholars. Pop. 608. 

Sterling, p-c, Washtenaw co., Mich., 56 w. 
Detroit, 542 W. 

Sterling, t., Macomb co., Mich. It has 2 
distilleries, 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. §6,000. 

2 sch. 43 scholars. Pop. 677. 

Sterling Grove, p-o., Greenville dist., S. 
C, 104 N. w. Columbia, 514 W. 

Sterlingville, p-v., Philadelphia t., Jeffer- 
son CO., N. Y. Situated on a tributary of Indian 
r. It contains 1 Roman Catholic church, 1 
store, an extensive furnace, 20 dwellings, and 
about 125 inhabitants. E.Kcellent iron ore abounds 
in the vicinity. 

Sterlingville, p-o., Luzerne co.. Pa., 161 
N. E. Harrisburg, 269 W. 

Sterritts Gap, p-o., Middletown t., Cumber- 
land CO., Pa., 22 w. s. w. Harrisburg, 110 W. 
Here is a remarkable gap in Blue mountain, 
presenting highly picturesque scenery. 

Stetson, p-t., Penobscot co., Me., 18 w. n. w. 
Bangor, 71 n. e. Augusta, 666 W. The surface 
is undulating; soil, fertile, adaoted to grain. 
Watered by branches of Sebasticook and Sowa- 



dabscook rivers, and of Kenduskeag stream. 
Incorporated in 1831. It has 3 stores, cap 
§1,100; 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
§2,550. 5 sch. 218 scholars. Pop. 616. 

Steuben, county, N. Y. Situated in the s. 
toward the w. part of the state, and contains 
1,400 sq. ms. The surface is diversified with 
hills ami fertile valleys ; soil, adapted to grazing. 
Live stock and lumber are extensively exported. 
The Corning and Blossburg railroad meets the 
New York and Erie railroad in this co. Drained 
by Conhocton and Tioga rivers, and their branch- 
es. Crooked and Seneca lakes lie on its n. 
E. part. Iron ore and some mineral springs 
are found. Capital, Bath. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 43,476, sheep 148,133, .swine 34,309 ; 
wheat 390,275 bush, produced, rye 13,929, Ind. 
corn 102,974, buckwheat 8;),311, barley 23,543, 
oats 337,930, potatoes 530,959, sugar 341,948 
pounds ; 101 stores, cap. §313,100 ; 19 fulling m., 

3 woollen fac, 31 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 4 
flouring m., 33 grist m., 267 saw m., 3 oil m., 1 
paper fac, 3 printing ofllces, 3 weekly news- 
papers. Cap. in manufac. §397,790. 4 acad. 
384 students, 339 sch. 15,318 scholars. Pop. 
46,138. 

Steuben, county, la. Situated in the \. e. 
cornerof the state, and contains 225 sq.ms. Drain- 
ed by Pigeon r., and Crooked and Fish creeks. 
Organized in 1837. (^apital, Angola. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 2,031, sheep 873, swine 
2,762; wheat 22,149 bush, produced, Ind. corn 
31,906, oats 26,910, potatoes 15,866, tobacco 
1,177 pounds, sugar 16,043 ; 6 stores, cap. §1,700 ; 

4 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 pottery, 3 grist m., 8 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. .§31,034. 17 sch. 
429 scholars. Pop. 2,578. 

Steuben, p-t., Washington co.. Me., 119 e. 
Augusta, 701 W. Bounded by Narraguagus bay 
on the s. e., and Goldsborough Harbor bay on 
the s. w. Dyer's bay and Pigeon Hill bay set 
up from the Atlantic, which boiuids it on the s. 
Narraguagus r. runs on its e. border. It has sev- 
eral good harbors, con.siderable navigation en- 
gaged in the coasting trade and fisheries, and 
some ship building. Incorporated in 1795. It 
has 4 stores, cap. §1,425 ; 1 fulling m., 9 sch. 217 
scholars. Pop. 884. 

Steuben, p-t., Oneida co., N. Y., 101 w. n. w. 
Albany, 407 W. The surface is hilly ;, soil, 
moist clay loam, adapted to grass. Drained by 
Cincinnati cr., and by tributaries of Mohawk r. 
Butter and cheese are extensively exported. It 
has 1 store, cap. §3,000 ; 2 tanneries, 5 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. §13,900. 20 sch. 639 scholars. 
Pop. 1,993. 

Steuben, p-v., Greenfield t., Huron co., O., 87 
N. by E. Columbus, 399 W. It contains 3 stores 
and about 125 inhabitants. 

Steuben, t., Steuben co., la. It has 1 sch. 26 
scholars. Pop. 148. 

Steubenville, p-v., capital of Jefferson co., 
O., 141 E. n. e. Columbus, 264 W. Situated on 
the w. bank of Ohio r. Laid out in 1798, with 
streets crossing each other at right angles. In- 
corporated in 1805, and contains 6 churches, an 
elegant town house, with a market in the lower 
story, a bank, an academy, 30 stores, 1 steam 
paper m., 2 woollen fac, 3 carpet fac, 2 cotton 
fac, 3 iron foundries, 3 steam engine fac, 1 brass 
fimndry, 3 machine shops, 3 steam flouring m., 1 
silver plating fac, 1 steam saw m., 2 breweries, 
3 copperas fac, 1 comb fac, 1 chemical fac, 1 
ropewalk, 1 boat yard, 2 printing offices, each is- 
suing a weekly newspaper, and about 700 dwell- 
ings. There are in the t. 29 stores, cap. §55,600 ; 
1 furnace, 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 2 brew- 



STE 



636 



STO 



eries, 1 paper fac, 2 printing offices, 2 weelily 
newspapers, 4 flouring in., 1 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $221,050. 1 college, 208 students, 1 
acad. 30 students, 5 sch. 591 scholars. Pop. 5,203. 

Steubenville, p-v., Steuben co., la., 170 n. 
N. E. Indianapolis, 545 W. 

Stevensborg, p-v., Culpepper co., Va., 91 n. 
N. w. Ricliinond, 82 W. 

Steve.\.sburg, p-v., Ilardin co., Ky., 91 s. w. 
Frankfort, 633 W. 

Stevens' Fl.\ins, p-o., Cumberland co., Me., 
53 s. w. Augusta, 548 W. 

Stevensville, p-v., Bradford co.. Pa., 159 n. 
by e. Harrisburg, 269 W. 

Steve.nsville, p-v., King and Queen co., Va., 
48 N. E. Richmond, 136 W. 

Stevv.\rt, county, Tenn. Situated in the n. 
toward the w. part of the state, and contains 575 
sq. ms. Tennessee r. runs on its w. border, and 
Cumberland r. passes through it, by numerous 
small branches of both of which it is drained. The 
2 large rivers give it a ready access to market. 
Capital, Dover. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
9,235, sheep 6,999, swine 32,731 ; wheat 27,274 
bush, produced, Indian corn 443,470, oats 60,631, 
potatoes 7,352, tobacco 993,495 pounds ; 3 fur- 
naces, 3 forges, 4 tanneries. Cap. in manufac. 
$9,500. 8 sch. 215 scholars. Pop. whites 6,317, 
slaves 2,117, free col'd 153; total, 8,587. 

Stew.\rt, county, Ga. Situated in the w. 
toward the s. part of the state, and contains 682 
sq. nis. Chattahoochee r. bounds it on the w., 
by branches of which, and by Kitchafoona r. 
and its branches, which flow into Flint r., it is 
drained. Capital, Lumpkin. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 20,766, sheep 2,596, swine 34,422 ; 
wheat 13,114 bush, produced, Ind. corn 39-1,640, 
oats 21,265, potatoes 46,340, cotton 4,931,937 
pounds ; 1 tannery. Cap. in manufac. $500. 2 
acad. 162 students, 10 sch. 315 scholars. Pop. 
whites 8,174, slaves 4,741, free col'd 18; total, 
12,933. 

Stewart's, p-o., Choctaw co., Miss., 92 n. n. 
E. Jackson, 963 W. 

Stewartsboro', p-v., Rutherford co., Tenn., 
20 s. e. Nashville, 679 W. Situated on Stone r., 
a branch of Cumberland r., and contains about 
100 inhabitants. 

Stewart's Creek, p-o., Lewis co., Va., 321 
w. N. w. Richmond, 289 W. 

Stewart's Draft, p-o., Augusta co., Va., 115 
w. N. w. Richmond, 157 W. 

Stewart's Ferry, p-o., Davidson co., Tenn., 
10 Nashville, 674 W. 

Stewartstown, p-t., Coos co., N. H., 148 n. 
Concord, 609 W. Bounded n. w. and w. by 
Connecticut r. The surface is uneven ; soil, fer- 
tile, particularly on the borders of Connecticut r. 
Great and Little Diamond ponds, in the e. part, 
flow E. into a branch of Androscoggin r. Drained 
by Bishop's brook and its branches, which flow 
into Connecticut r. The Connecticut, oppo.riie 
to this t., is about 15 rods wide. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $2,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 grist m., 1 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $3,050. 5 sch. 185 scholars. 
Pop. 630. 

Stewartstown, p-o., York co.. Pa., 44 s. by 
E. Harrisburg, 82 W^. 

Stewartstov\'N, p-v., Richmond co., N. C, 
137 s. w. Raleigh, 422 W. 

Stewartsville, p-v., Greenwich t., Warren 
CO., N. J., 56 N. N. w. Trenton, 207 VV. Situated 
on Merritt's branch of Pohatcong creek, about 1 
mile s. of the Morris canal. It contains a store 
and about 12 dwellings. 

Stewartsvilee, p-v., Richmond co., N. C, 
107 s. w. Raleigh, 403 W. 



Stilesville, p-v., Hendricks co., la., 28 w. 
Indianapolis, 599 W. Situated on the national 
road, and contains 1 store and about 75 inhabit- 
ants. 

Still Valley, p-v., Greenwich t., Warren 
CO., N. J., 48 N. N. w. Trenton, 204 W. 

Stillwater, p-t., Saratoga co., N. Y., 20 n. 
Albany, 392 W. The surface is level or undu- 
lating ; soil, clay loam on the e., sandy loam on 
the w. Drained by Anthony's kill and other 
small streams, flowing into Hudson r., which 
bounds it on the E. In the n. part of the t. is the 
battle ground where Burgoyne was captured by 
the Americans, under Gen. Gates, Oct. 7th, 1777. 
The traveller often surveys its localities with 
deep interest, as this great event nearly decided 
the question of American independence. It has 

11 stores, cap. $24,150; 1 cotton fac. $2,028 sp., 

3 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $57,600. 
2 acad. 173 students, 8 sch. 339 scholars. Pop. 
2,733. 

Stillwater, p-t., Sussex co., N. J., 77 n. 
Trenton, 234 W. The surface is hilly, and on 
the N. w. mountainous ; soil, calcareous loam 
and slate, and fertile. Drained by Paulinskill 
cr. and a tributary of it, flowing from Swartout's 
pond. It has 3 stores, cap. $12,000; 2 tanneries, 

4 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $32,675. 

12 sch. 300 scholars. Pop. 1,476. 
Stillwater, p-o., Tuscarawas co., O., 103 E. 

N. E. Columbus, 302 W. The stream which gives 
to it its name is a branch of Tuscarawas r., af- 
fording extensive water power, and having salt 
springs on its banks, and entering the r. a few 
ms. below New Philadelphia. 

Stillvvell, p-o., Hanover t., Butler co., O., 
Ill w. s. w. Columbus, 501 W. 

Stinnett's, p-o.. Pope co.. Ark., 89 n. w. Lit- 
tle Rock, 1,154 W. 

Stiff's Hill, p-o., Franklin co., la., 64 e. s. 
E. Indianapolis, 530 W. 

Stockbridge, p-t., Windsor co., Vt., 42 s. by 
w. Montpelier, 475 W. The surface is elevated 
and uneven ; soil, well adapted to grazing. 
White r. passes tin-ough its n. part, and in one 
place is compressed into a channel only a few 
feet wide, where it affords good water power. 
Watered by a branch of Tweed r. Steatite or 
soapstone is found in considerable quantities. 
Chartered in 1761 ; first settled in 1785 ; organ- 
ized in 1792. It has 2 stores, cap. $16,000; 2 
fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 7 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $30,500. 10 sch. 437 
scholars. Pop. 1,418. 

Stockbridge, p-t., Berkshire co., Mass., 133 
w. Boston, 363 W. The surface is moderately 
uneven, with extensive alluvial meadows ; soil, 
generally fertile, especially on the streams. Wa- 
tered by llousatonic r. Marble and limestone 
are extensively found. The v. is pleasantly sit- 
uated on a plain, on the n. side of llousatonic r., 
and contains 1 Congregational and 1 Baptist 
church, a bank, an academy, and about 40 dwell- 
ings, many of thein handsome. There is another 
Congregational church N. w. of the v. A tribe 
of Indians resided here from 1735, until their re- 
moval to Oneida, N. Y., in 1788, on a reservation 
of 6 miles square. There are in the t. 8 stores, 
cap. $25,200 ; 2 cotton fac. 3,800 sp., 1 furnace, 2 
tanneries, 1 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$196,375. 12 sch. 322 scholars. Pop. 1,992. 

Stockbridge, p-t., Madison co., N. Y., 5 n. e. 
3Iorrisville, 113 w. by n. Albany; 366 W. The 
surface is uneven ; soil, fertile, generally well 
cultivated. Drained by Oneida creek. It has 4 
stores, cap. $26,000 ; 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries 
1 flouring m., 2 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in man- 



STO 



ufac. $17,900. 1 acad. 33 students, 13 sch. 747 
scholars. Pop. 2,340. 

Stockbridge, p-t., Ingham cc, Mich. Pop. 
385. 

Stockbridge, p-v., Cahimet co.. Wis., 121 n. 
E. Madison, 96S W. Situated on the E. side of 
Winnebago lake. 

Stock Creek, p-o., Scott co., Va., 360 w. s. 
w. Richmond, 42S W. The creek here flows 
through a remarkable natural tunnel. 

Stockholm, p-t., St. Lawrence co., N. Y., 223 
N. N. w. Albany, 507 W. The surface is hilly, 
and somewhat stony ; soil, a fertile mold, and 
heavily timbered. Drained by St. Regis r. and 
its tributaries. It has 3 stores, cap. §20,000 ; 2 
fulling m.. 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 pottery, 2 
grist ra., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,050. 
11 sch. 799 scholars. Pop. 2,995. 

Stockholm, p-v., Passaic co., N. J., 95 n. n. 
E. Trenton, 263 W. Situated on Pequannock 
cr., at the foot of Wallkill mountains. 

Stockland, p-o., St. Cha es co., Mo., 98 e. 
by N. JefTerson City, 840 W. 

Stockport, p-t., Columbia co., N. Y., 5 n. 
Hudson, 24 s. Albany, 346 W. The surface is 
uneven ; soil, clay and sandy loam, well adapted 
to grass, with a fertile alluvion in the valleys. 
Drained by Kinderhook cr., which aflfords water 
power, and flows into Hudson r., which bounds 
it on the w. Colunibiaville is the name of a 
manufacturing v. There are in the t. 1 1 stores, 
cap. .$17,400 ; 3 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 3 cot- 
ton fac. 7,268 sp., 1 tannery, 1 paper fac, 1 flour- 
ing m., 1 grist m. Cap. in manufac $S14,700. 1 
acad. 22 students, 5 sch. 356 scholars. Pop. 
1,815. 

Stockport, p-v., Buckingham t., Wayne co., 
Pa., 150 .\. Philadelphia, 191 .\. e. Harrisburg, 287 
W. Situated on the w. side of Delaware r. 

Stockport, p-o., Morgan co., O., 82 e. by s. 
Columbus, 326 W. 

Stockton, p-t., Chautaiique co., N. Y., 7 E. 
Mayville, 331 w. by s. Albany, 338 W. The 
surface is undulating ; soil, moist clay on the up- 
lands, and a fertile alluvion in the valleys. 
Drained by Bear cr. It has 3 stores, cap. $6,000 ; 
1 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 1 grist m., 7 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $20,465. 14 sch. 761 scholars. 
Pop. 2,078. 

Stockton, p-o., Baldwin co., Ala., 192 s. Tus- 
caloosa, 934 W. 

Stock Township, p-t., Harrison co., O., 113 
E. N. E. Columbus, 296 \V. The name of the t. 
is Stock, but the above is the name of the post- 
office, situated toward the .n. w. part of the co. 
It has 5 sch. 177 scholars. Pop. 935. 

Stockville, p-v.. Buncombe co., N. C. 

Stoddard, county, Mo. Situated in the s E. 
part of tlie state, and contains 900 square miles. 
White Water r. runs on its e. border, and St. 
Francis r. bounds it on the w. The surface in the 
N. part is broken, level on the s. It has exten- 
sive prairies and swamps. Capital, Bloomfield. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,980, sheep 
1,294, swine 20,356 ; wheat 7,506 bushels pro- 
duced, Indian corn 255,973, oats 7,005, potatoes 
6,589, cotton 8,135 pounds; 12 stores, capital 
$I2,4S0 ; 2 distilleries, 7 grist m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $1,555. 3 sch. 80 scholars. Pop. whites 
3,081, slaves 71, free col'd 1 ; total, 3,153. 

Stoddard, p-t., Cheshire co., N. II., 44 s. w. 
Concord, 443 W. The surface is mountainous 
and rocky, occupying the height of land between 
Connecticut and Merrimac rivers, its streams 
flowing into both. The soil is well adapted to 
grazing. Incorporated in 1774. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $2,800 ; 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 4 saw ra. 



637 STO 

Cap. in manufac. $25,655. 13 sch. 295 scholars. 
Pop. 1,006. 

Stoddartsville, p-v., Covington t., Monroe 
CO., Pa., 138 N. e. by e. Harrisburg, 235 W. It 
has 1 store, 1 mill, and 5 or 6 dwellings. 

Stokes, county, N. C. Situated in the n., 
toward the w. part of the state, and contains 836 
sq. ms. Drained by Yadkin r. and a branch of 
Dan r. The surface is hilly; soil, fertile. Capi- 
tal, Germanton. There were in 1840, rieat cattle 
11,583, sheep 11,963, swine 31,017 ; wheat 74,989 
bush, prod., rye 8,347, Indian corn 423,970, oats 
107,756, potatoes 16,129, tobacco 596,103 lbs. ; cot- 
ton 56,481 ; 23 stores, cap. $81,000 ; 1 furnace, 6 
forges, 1 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 2,000 sp., 8 
tanneries, 140 distilleries, 3 potteries, 5 flouring 
m., 40 grist m.,26 saw m., 10 oil m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $196,979. 2 acad. 228 students, 13 sch. 
317 scholars. Pop. whites 13,418, slaves 2,682, 
free col'd 165; total, 16,265. 

Stokes, t., Madison co., O. It has 1 store, 
cap. $1,000 ; 6 sch. 305 scholars. Pop. 770. 

Stokes, p-o., Lee t., Oneida co., N. Y., 115 w. 
N. w. Albany, 399 W. 

Stone Arabia, p-v.. Palatine t., Montgomery 
CO., N. Y., 57 w. N. w. Albany, 400 W. It con- 
tains a Dutch Reformed church, erected in 1788, 
and a Lutheran church, built in 1791, and about 
15 dwellings. It is one of the oldest settlements 
in the county. 

Sto.ne, t., Hamilton co., O. It has 1 sch. 30 
scholars. Pop. 740. 

Stone Church, p-o., Bergen t., Genesee co., 
N. Y., 240 w. Albany, 375 W. 

Stone Church, p-o., Northampton co.. Pa., 
121 E. N. E. Harrisburg, 214 W. 

Stoneha.m, t., O.xford co., Me. It has 5 sch. 
146 scholars. Pop. 313. 

Stoneham, p-t., Middlesex co., Mass., 10 n. 
Boston, 450 W. The surface is uneven and 
rocky ; soil, fertile, and extensively covered with 
wood. Spot pond, in the s. part of the t., covers 
283 acres. The v., in the centre, contains a Con- 
gregational church, and about 40 dwellings. 
More than half the inhabitants of the t. are em- 
ployed in the manufacture of shoes. It has 5 
stores, cap. $6,600 ; 1 printing office, 1 weekly 
newspaper. Cap. in rnanufac. $29,110. 6 sch. 
251 scholars. Pop. 1,017. 

Stonelick, t., Clermont co., O. It has 2 
stores, cap. $1,800; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 1 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $3,250. 4 sch. 160 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,477. 

Stone Mills, p-o., Orleans t., JeflTerson co., 
N. Y., 176 N. w. Albany, 426 W. 

Stone Mountain, p-o., De Kalb co., Ga., 94 
N. w. Milledgeville, 668 W. 

Stone Ridge, p-v., Marbletown t., Ulster co., 
N. Y., 97 s. s. w. Albany, 315 W. It contains 1 
church, 4 stores, 1 tannery, and about 25 dwell- 
ings. 

Stoner's Store, p-o., Roanoke co., Va., 157 
w. by s. Richmond, 236 W. 

Stonerstown, p-v., Bedford co.. Pa., 100 w. 
by s. Harrisburg, 126 W. 

Stonesville, p-v., Greenville dist., S. C, 97 
N. w. Columbia, 493 W. 

Stone Wall Mills, p-o., Buckingham co., 
Va., 110 w. Richmond, 196 W. Situated on 
James r., 15 miles below Lynchburg, and con- 
tains 2 stores, and about 30 inhabitants. 

Stonington. p-t.. New London co., Ct., 12 e. 
New London, 60 s. e. Hartford, 355 W. The 
surface is uneven and rocky ; soil, fertile, adapt- 
ed to grazing. Watered by Mystic and Pawca- 
tuck rivers, which afford water power. It con- 
tains 3 villages, and has 3 churches — 2 Congre- 



STO 



638 



STO 



gational and 1 Baptist. At the head of the Mys- 
tic is a V. wliic'h contains about 20 dwellings. 
The borough, or principal v., is on a rocky point 
of land, which projects half a mile into the e. end 
of Long Island sound, and has a good harbor, 
protected by a breakwater, con.strucled by the 
united States at an expense of $50,1)00. It con- 
tains 2 churi;hes, 2acauemies, a bank, 150 dwell- 
ings, and about 1,000 inhabitants. It has con- 
siderable navigation, employed cliielly in the 
whaling and sealing business. A railroad con- 
nects this place with Providence, which, with 
the Long Island railroad, not yet compktpd, will 
Ibrm the most direct route from New York to 
BosUm. There are in the t. 13 stores, cap. 
$49,300; 2 lumber yard.s,cap. $11,500; 1 fulling 
m., 4 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 4 grist m. Cap. in 
manufac. $86,025. 2 acad. 103 students, 15 sch. 
807 scholars. Fop. 3,89-*. 

Stony Brook, p-v., Brookliaven t., Suffolk 
CO., N. Y., r.»7 s. s. E. Albany, 277 W. Situated 
on tiie N. side of Long Island, and has a good 
harbor, accessible at all seasons of the year. It 
contains 1 Methodist church, several stores, 1 
grist m., 1 fulling m. and cloth-dressing works, 
a piano-forte fac, 60 dwellings, and 400 in- 
habitants. Ship-building is extensively carried 
on. 

Stony Creeic, p-t., Somerset co., Pa., 12 n. e. 
Somerset. The Alleghany mountain is on its E. 
border. Drained by Stony cr. and its branches. 
Iron ore is abundant. It has 2 stores, cap. 
$2,000 ; 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 
6 grist m., 15 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $12,1)80. 
3 sch. 77 scholars. Pop. 1,218. 

Stony Creek, p-o., Shenandoah co., Va., 154 
N. w. by N. Richmond, 109 W. 

Stony Creek, p-o., Caswell co., N. C, 79 N. 
w. Raleigh, 281 VV. 

Stony Creek, t., Henry co., la. It has 1 
8ch. 30 scholars. Pop. 1,242. 

Stony Creek, t., Randolph co., la. It has 4 
Bch. 95 scholars. Pop. 951. 

Stony Creek Warehouse, p-o., Sussex co., 
Va., 42 s. s. E. Richmond, 161 W. 

Stony Gap, p-o., Stanly co., N. C, 124 w. s. 
w. Raleigh, 3J8 W. 

Stony Hill, p-o., Albany co., N. Y., 9 Al- 
bany, 379 W. 

Stony Hill, p-o., Richmond co., Va., 71 n. e. 
Richmond, 118 W. 

Stony Mount, p-o., Brunswick co., Va., 72 s. 
S. w. Richmond, 191 VV. 

Stony Point, Orange co., N. Y., is a high 
rocky promontory, at the head of Haverstraw 
bay, in Hudson r., on which was a fort, in the 
revolutionary war, bravely taken by storm from 
the British, in 1779, by the Americans, under 
Gen. Wayne. A light-house has been erected 
on the site of the old fort. 

Stony Point, po., Albemarle co., Va., 81 w. 
N. w. Richmond, 111 W. 

Stony Point, p-o., Iredell co., N C, 159 w. 
Raleigh, 396 W. 

Stony Point, ])-o., Abbeville dist., S. C, 82 
W. Columbia, 512 W. 

Stony Point, p-o., Wilkes co., Ga., 96 n. e. 
Milledgeville, 584 W. 

Stony Point, p-o.. East Baton Rouge par.. La., 
100 N. w. New Orleans, 1,142 W. 

Stony Point Mills, p-o., Cumberland co., 
Va., 53 w. Richmond, 143 W. 

Stony Ridge, p-o., Surry co., N. C. 

Stony Ridge, p o.. Wood co., C, 128 n. n. 
W. Columbus, 445 W. 

Stony Run, p-o., Genesee co., Mich., 49 n. w 
Detroit, 573 W. 



Storeville, p-v., Anderson dist., S. C, 117 
w. n. VV. Columbia, 514 W. 

Stormville, p-o., FishkiU t., Dutchess co., 
N. Y., 90.S. Albany, 301 W. 

Stouciiuurg, p-o., Berks co.. Pa., 31 e. Har- 
risburg, 147 VV. 

Stoughtstown, p-v., Cumberland co.. Pa., 
29 w. s. w. Ilarrisburg, 108 VV. It contains a 
store and 12 dwellings. 

Stougiiton, p-t., Norfolk co., 3Iass., 20 s. 
Boston, 423 W. Drained by head waters of Nc- 
ponset r. The v. contains 4 churches — 1 Con- 
gregational, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, and 1 Univor- 
salist — 1 woollen fac. and 2 cotton fac. Boots 
and shoes are extensively manufactured. There 
was formerly a v. of Christian Indians in the t. 
There are in the 1. 11 stores, cap. $15,600 ; 1 full- 
ing m., 1 woollen fac, 3 cotton fac. 530 sp., "2 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. .$105,210. 10 sch. 
622 scholars. Pop. 2,142. 

Stout's, p-o., Northampton co.. Pa., 102 e. n. 
E. Harrisburg, 191 W. 

Stout's, p-o., Blount co., Ala., 93 n. e. Tus- 
caloosa, 750 W. 

Stout's, po., Adams co., O., 118 s. by w. 
Columbus, 45(5 W. 

Stow, p-t., Oxford co.. Me., 74 w. Augusta, 
531 W. Bounded w. by N. II. It contains sev- 
eral ponds, the outlets of which flow into Saco 
r. It has 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 6 sch. 156 scholars. 
Pop. 376. 

Stow, p-t., Lamoille county, Vt., 22 n. n. w. 
Montpelier, 535 W. The surface is level, between 
2 mountains ; soil, fertile. Drained by Water- 
bury r. and its branches, which flow s. into Onion 
r., and afford water power, lirst settled in 1793, 
organized in 1797. The religious denominations 
are Congregationalists, Baptists, Christians, and 
Universalists. The central v. contains a hand- 
some church, and a number ofdwellings. There 
are in the t. 4 stores, cap. $14,500; 2 fulling m., 
1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 6 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $24,735. 12 sch. 447 scholars. 
Pop. 1,371. 

Stow, p-t., Middlesex co., Mass., 25 w. by n. 
Boston, 427 VV. Watered by Assabet r., which 
affords water power. The soil is light and sandy. 
Hops arc extensively cultivated. It contains a 
('ongregational church. Chartered in 1683. It 
has 5 stores, cap. $9,600 ; 2 woollen fac, 1 tan- 
nery, 4 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufactures 
$101,200. 2 acad. 50 students, 5 sch. 300 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,23.). 

Stow, p-t., Summit co., O., 131 n. e. Colum- 
bus, 329 W. Drained by Cuyahoga r., which af- 
fords water power. The soil is a sandy loam, 
and fertile, and well cultivated. It has 4 stores, 
cap. $16,000; 1 tannery, 1 flouring m., 3 saw m. 
(;ap. in manufac. $52,650. 1 acad. 37 students, 
13 sch. 3^7 scholars. Pop. 1,533. 

Stow Creek, t., Cumberland co., N. J., 7 n. 
w. Bridgeton. 'Phe surface is level or rolling ; 
soil, clay, loam, sand, and gravel. Drained by 
Newport cr., on its s. border. It has 1 store, cap. 
$3,000 ; 2 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$32,220. 4 sch. 100 scliolars. Pop. 846. 

Stowsville, p-v., Lincoln co., N. C, 180 w. 
by s. Raleigh, 419 W. 

Stow's Square, p-o., Lowville t., Lewis co., 
N. Y., 140 n. w. Albany, 439 W. 

Stoystown, p-b., Quemahoning t., Somerset 
CO., Pa., 131 w. by s. Harrisburg, 157 W. Situa- 
ted on Stony creek, and contains 1 German Re- 
formed church, 3 stores, cap. $13,000 ; 2 tanner- 
ies, 2 distilleries, 6 grist m., 15 saw m. Cap. in 
manufactures $12,980. 1 sch. 100 scholars. Pop. 
357. 



STR 



639 



STR 



Strahank, t., Adams co., Pa., G n. e. Gettys- 
burg. 'I'ho surfacp is hsvel ; soil, slale. I Iriiiiieii 
by ('oiicwiigo creek and ils hraiicims. ll lias 3 
stores, eap. $t),r)l)() ; 2 laiiiKirii^s, I distillery, 1 
flouring ni., 1 grist m., '2 saw m. Cap. in mauu- 
lac. liiiV,.')!^. Pop. I,37C). 

Stkaiiani;, t., Washington co., Pa. 'J'lio sur- 
face is hilly; soil, loam. Drained by (;iiartier"s 
and Little ('harti'er's crs., which unite on its N. 
w. boundary. It has ij stores, capital $1,501); 1 
grist m , 2 siivv m. (Jap. in manulac. $'2,3l)U. 7 
sell. 2H0 scliolars. Pop. 1,075. 

.STRAriANi':, |)-v., Lenoir CO., N. C, 78 s. E. Ra- 
leigh, 308 W. 

!S TRAi-i-'OKi), county, N. IL Situated in the s. 
K. part oi' the state, and contains .''lOO sq. miles. 
.Salmon Falls, or I'iscataqua r., bounds it on the 
K., separating it from Maine. Draimui by Lam- 
prey, Cocheco, and Isinglass rs. 'I'he surfac'e is 
various ; soil, generally productive. (Capital, 
iJover. 'I'iiere were in IHIO, luiat cattle 57,593, 
shee|) H5,'H51, swine 2(),717 ; wheat 'J'J,Gy:-^ bush. 
j)roduccd, rye 3S,5i!5, Indian corn 250,127, buck- 
wheat 2,020, barley 22,020, oats 10l,57r^, potatoes 
1,288. lO'J, sugar 18.»,15() pounds; 217 stores, cap, 
$482,131 ; 37 hdling m., 10 woollen fac, 17 col- 
ton lac. 'J3,'J()I sp., 3 furnaces, 40 tanncri<;s, 1 dis- 
tillery, 1 pottery, 5 printing oflices, 4 binderies, 3 
weekly newspapers, 1 periodical, 80 grist m., 115 
saw ni., 4 oil m. Capital in manufac. $2,074,874. 

1 college 26 students, 12 acad. 1,33J students, 483 
sch. l'J,830 .scholars. Pop. 01,127. 

Stuaffoki>, j)t., .Strallbrd eo., N. H., 25 e. n. 
E. Concord, 5'JG W. Jllue hill crosses its n. part. 
The soil is generally fertile. How pond, in its 
s. w. part, 0.50 rods long and 400 wide, gives rise 
to Isinglass r., which watc^rs ils a. part. Drained 
in its N. part by branches of Suncook r. Incor- 
porat<d in 1820. It has 7 stores, cap. $7,800 ; 1 
saw ni. Capital in inarnilac. (iji 1,200. I acad. 85 
Hiudenls, 18 sch. 770 scholars. Pop. 2,021. 

Stiiai-'I'OKu, p-t.. Orange co., Vt., 34 s. 8. K. 
Montpelier, 502 W. The surface is uneven ; 
soil, fertile, adapted to grazing. Watered by a 
branch (jf Omponipanoosuc r.. whi'4i ailords wa- 
ter power. In the s. K. (-orner is a bed of sul- 
phurel of iron, from which large (pianlili(>s of cop- 
peras are manufactured. TIk^ bed is half a mile 
long and 3 rods wide, and of an uidtnovvn depth. 
Several hundrcnl tons are produced annually. It 
has 3 stores, cap. $1,200; 2 fulling m., 1 tannery, 

2 grist m., 'J saw m. Cap. in manufac. $13,850. 
13 sch. 620 scholars. Pop. 1,702. 

STaAKFOiii) CoKNKKS, p-o., .StrafFord co., N. II. 

Strait Crkiok, jj-o., Urowii co., O., Ill s. w. 
by s. Columbus, 470 W. 

STitAiT'.s Lakk, j)-o., Oakland co., Mich., 33 
N. w. Detroit, 5.57 Vv. 

S'i'iiAiTsvii.i.E, p-o., New Haven co,, Ct., 50 
s. Hartford, 314 W. 

Strasdijiu;, p-t., Lancaster co., Pa,, 46 e. s. e. 
Harrisburg, 120 VV. The surface is rolling and 
hilly ; soil, calcareous loam. l\^c(juea cr. runs on 
ils N. and w. boundary, and aflijnls water power. 
Drained by Little IJeaver cr. The v. is M m. v.. 
Lancaster, and contains 1 church, an academy, 
stores, and about 1 15 dwellings. The t. has 10 
stores, cap. $0J.OOi); 4 taiuK^ries, 8 distilleries, 10 
flouring m., 8 grist rn., saw m. Cap, in manu- 
fac $i 1 1,800. 8 sch. 320 scholars. Pop. 4,155. 

S raAsiiiiR(;, p-v., Shenandoah co., Va,, 153 n. 
w. Richmond, 'J2 W. Situated on the n. branch 
of Shenaiid(jah r., and coiitaius 3 churches — 1 
Presbyterian, I Lutheran, and 1 free lo all de- 
nominations — 1 stores, I stoneware fac, numer- 
ous mechanic shops, and about 500 inhabilants, 
who are chiefly Germans. 



Stra.shuru, p-v,, Wayne t., Tuscarawas co., 
()., 115 K. N. J... Columbus, 32! W. 

Stra'I'i'ord, p-t., Coos CO., N. H,, 110 n. Con- 
cord, 577 VV. Connecticut r. bounds it on the 
w., along which is fertile intervals. Drained by 
liog brook, and other small streams flowing into 
Connecticut r., and Nash's stream, a branch of 
IJ|)ner Ammonoosuc r. The surface is un(!veii 
and rough; soil, gravelly and cold. It has 1 grist 
m., 3 saw m. < ap, in manufac. $2,200. 7 sch. 
20a scholars. Pop. 411. 

Stratkord, p-t., ['airfield eo., Cl», 50 s. w. 
Hartford, 2S7 VV. The surface is generally level ; 
soil, fertile, particularly on the Ilousatonic river, 
which bounds it on the k. The v. is pleasantly 
situated at the mouth of the Ilousatonic, chiefly 
on 1 street a mile long, parallel to the riv<^r, and 
(contains 5 churches — 1 Congregational, 1 Episco- 
|)al, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, and 1 IJniversalist — 
an academy, and about 200 dwellings, many of 
Ihein neat, and ornamented with sliade trees. 
The Episcopal church w;is founded in 1723, and 
is the oldest (jf the (h^nomination in the stale, it 
has 12 stores, cap. $23,700 ; 1 lumber yard, cap. 
$2,500; 1 tannery, 1 fl(juring m., 2 grist m., 1 saw 
m. Cap. in maimfac. $18,000. 1 acad. 30 stu- 
dents, 9 sch. 323 scholars. Pop. 1,808. 

Stratford, t., Eulttm co., N. V., 15 n. vv. 
.Johnstown, Oi) n. w. Albany. The surface is 
hilly and niountainous ; soil, indifrerent, but 
adapted lo grazing. Drained by East Canadu 
cr. and its tributaries. It has 1 store, cap. .$.'J,000 ; 
1 tannery, 1 grist ni., 12 saw m. (Jap. in manu- 
fac. $18,180. 3 sch. 109 scholars. Pop. .500. 

Stratiiam, p-l., Rockingham co., N. II,, 41 s. 
E. by K. (Joncord, 484 W. The surface is level ; 
soil, generally fertile. It contains a peat swamp 
in its E. part. Exeter r. runs on its w. bonier, 
and is navigable. In(xjrporat<Ml in 1710. It has 
1 store, cap. $100; 2 tanneries, 7 grist m., 2 saw 
m. 3 sell. 142 scholars. Pop. 875. 

Si'ratton, p-t, Windham co., Vt,, 22 n. w. 
Brattleboro', 109 s. by w. Montpelier, 430 W. 
The surface is mounlainons, bordering on the 
(ireen mountain range ; soil, colil, and adapted 
chiefly to grazing. A p(Jiul of 100 ai res, in iho 
s, part, discharges its waters into Decrficid river, 
which rises in this I., and another in iIk^ n. w., 
of the same extent, flows n. into VV'ijidhall r. It 
contains a church, common to (Jongregationalists 
and Hapiisis. It has 1 grist m,, 2 saw m., 5 sch. 
132 scholars. Pop. 311. 

Sthatton's Fa 1,1,, p-o,, Delaware co., N. Y., 
68 w, s. w. Albany, 349 W. 

Stratto.nsvu.i.e, p-v., Clarion co., Pa., 180 
w. N. w. Harrisburg, 209 W. it contains 1 store, 
and about 15 dwellings. 

Strawiiiorrv, t., Lawrence ro., Ark. It has 
1 sch. 15 scholars. Pop. 553. 

Stra wnERiiv (Jrove, p o., Henry co., III., 142 
N. N. VV. Springfield, 855 VV. 

STRAVviiEiiRy Isi.A.M), i\, Y. Siluatcd in Ni- 
agara river, about I mile below IJIack Rock, it 
abounds with wild ducks, and afjords fine fishing, 
gnjuud. 

Strawrerrv Plain.s, p-o., Jefferson co., 
Tenn., 199 e. Nashville, 483 W. 

S TRAwitRiixjc, p o., York CO., Pa., 49 a. s. e. 
Harrisburg, 87 W. 

Straw.ntow.v, p-v., Haycock t,, Bucks co.. 
Pa., 108 E. llarri.-burg, 177 VV. ll contains a 
store, and aljout U dwellings. 

Strawtovvn, o-v., Hamilton eo,, la,, 27 n. In- 
dianapolis, 505 W. Situated on White river. It 
conlams 2 sl^jres, several mechanii;s, and a few 
dwellings. 

Stkeetsuorouuii, p-t.. Portage co., O., 139 n. 



STU 



640 



SUF 



E. Columbus, 330 W. The soil is fertile, adapt- 
ed to grazing. Watered by Cuyahoga river and 
Tinker's cr. It contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 
Methodist church. It has 8 sch. 189 scholars. 
Pop. 983. 

Streets Run, p-c, Alleghany cc, Pa., 204 
w. Harri.sburg, 203 W. 

Strickersville, p-v., Chester cc, Pa., 78 e. 
Harrisburg, 230 W. 

Strickland's Depot, p-o., Duplin cc, N. C. 

Strode's Mills, p-o., Mifflin co., Pa., 63 n. 
w. Harrihburg, 154 W. 

Strong, p-t., Franklin co.. Me., 43 n. w. Au- 
gusta, 632 W. Sandy r. passes through it near 
the w. side, from N. to s., and on it is a fine tract 
of fertile intervale. The surface is uneven on 
the s.; soil, generally strong and productive. A 
pond in its e. part has an outlet flowing n. into 
Seven Mile r., a branch of Kennebec r. It con- 
tains a pleasant v. Incorporate 1 in 1801. It has 
2 tanneries, 6 sch. 478 scholars. Pop. 1,109. 

Strongtown, p-v., Wheatley t., Indiana co.. 
Pa., 141 w. N. w. Harrisburg, 194 W. It has a store, 
and 6 or 8 dwellings. 

Strongsville, p-t., Cuyahoga co., O., 131 n. 
N. E. Columbus, 361 W. Watered by the e. 
branch of Rocky r. The v. is situated on a 
branch of Rocky r., and contains 3 churches, 7 
stores, 6 mills, and 1 wool-carding and cloth- 
dressing works. The Congregational church is a 
spacious and elegant building. There are in the 
t. 7 stores, cap. $8,800; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen 
fac, 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $8,200. 11 sch. 363 scholars. Pop. 
1,151. 

Strongville, p-v., Breathitt cc, Ky., 133 s. 
E. Frankfort, 518 W. 

Stroud, t., Monroe co.. Pa. The surface is 
partly hilly, partly level; .soil, gravel and calca- 
reous loam. Watered by Smithfield cr., and its 
tributaries, and by Cherry cr. It has 1 grist m., 

4 saw m. Pop. 1,206. 

Stroudsburg, p-b., Stroud t., capital of 3Ionroe 
CO., Pa., 3 N. w. Delaware Water Gap, 124 n. e. 
by E. Harrisburg, 217 W. Situated on the n. 
bank of Smithfield cr. It is built on one street, 
and contains 2 churches — 1 Methodist and 1 
Friends— 6 stores, cap. $26,000 ; 2 printing otHces, 
2 weekly newspapers, 1 flouring m., 2 acad., 10 
sch. Pop. 407. Incorporated in 1815. The sur- 
rounding scenery is highly picturesque. 

Strykersville, p-v., Sheldon t., Wyoming 
CO., N. Y., 270 w. Albany, 358 W. Situated on 
Buffalo cr., and contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 
Baptist church, 2 stores, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m., 
1 tannery, 30 dwellings, and about 200 inhab- 
itants. 

Sturbridge, p-t., Worcester co., 3Iass., 61 w. 
s. w. Boston, 379 W. The surface is uneven ; 
soil, hard but fertile. On Quinnebaug r. there 
are fine intervals. This r. rises in this t., and 
after a circuitous course into several other towns, 
returns to it again, affording water power. The 
,v., at the centre, contains 1 Congregational and 
1 Baptist church, and about 30 dwellings. It has 

5 stores, cap. $14,000; 1 fulling m., 5 cotton fac. 
11,412 sp., 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 8 savvm. Cap. 
in manufac. $138,300. 13 sch. 567 scholars. Pop. 
2,005. 

Sturgeonsville, p-v., Brunswick cc, Va., 83 
s. s. w. Richmond, 199 W. 

Stuyvesant, p-t., Columbia cc, N. Y., 12 n. 
Hudson, 17 s. Albany, 351 W. The surface is 
hilly; soil, clay, gravel, and loam, and fertile. 
Hudson r. bounds it on the w. The v. is situated 
on the e. side of Hud.son r., and was formerly 
called Kinderhook Landing. It contains 1 church. 



12 stores and storehouses, and about 50 dwellings. 
A steamboat, barges, and several sloops ply be- 
tween this place and New York. There are in 
the t. 7 stores, cap. $41,450; 2 lumber yards, cap. 
$.5,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 
1,600 sp., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $38,600. 

5 sch. 389 scholars. Pop. 1,779. 
Stuyvesant Falls, p-v., Stuyvesant t., Co- 
lumbia CO., N. Y., 27 s. Albany, 350 W. Situa- 
ted on Kinderhook cr., which here affords good 
water power, and contains 3 stores, 1 woollen fac, 
1 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 paper m., and about 40 
dwellings. 

Stublett's Tavern, p-c, Powhatan cc, Va., 
22 w. Richmond, 139 W. 

Success, t., Coos co., N. H., 143 n. by e. Con- 
cord. The surface is uneven. Drained by small 
streams which flow w. into Androscoggin r., which 
runs a little w. of its w. border. One of these 
streams flows from a pond in its e. part. Incor- 
porated in 1773. 

Success, p-o., Riverhead t., Suffolk co., N. Y. 

Suckasunny, p-v., Morris co., N. J., 59 n. 
Trenton, 229 W. It contains a Presbyterian 
church, a store, and about 15 dwellings. 

Sudbury, p-t., Rutland co., Vt., 75 s. s. w. 
Montpelier, 465 W. The surface is elevated and 
uneven ; soil, a fertile loam. Otter Creek r. runs 
on its N. E. boundary, by small branches of which 
it is drained. It has several ponds, one of which 
is the source of Ilubbardton r. A little w. of the 
centre is a small v., which contains a neat Con- 
gregational church. Chartered in 1761. There 
are in tiie t. 1 store, 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 1 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $1,400. 7 sch. 269 scholars. 
Pop. 796. 

Sudbury, p-t., Middlesex co., Mass., 20 w. by 
N. Boston, 421 W. Watered by Sudbury r., a 
branch of Concord r. The land on its borders is 
low, and, to a considerable extent, is annually 
overflowed. It contains 3 churches — 2 Congre- 
gational and 1 Methodist. A v., near the centre, 
contains a Congregational church, and about 30 
dwellings. It has 5 stores, cap. $16,500 ; 1 paper 
fac, 4 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,900 ; 

6 sch. 367 scholars. Pop. 1,422. 
SuDLERSviLLE, p-v., Quceo Aune co., Md., 

45 E. by s. Baltimore, 55 E. by N. Annapolis, 95 
W. 

SuFFiELD, p-t., Hartford co., Ct., 17 n. Hart- 
ford, 352 W. Situated on the w. side of Con- 
necticut r., opposite to Enfield. The surface is 
diversified ; soil, a strong, deep loam. The banks 
of the r. are elevated, and furnish no alluvial 
meadows. It contains 4 churches — 2 Congrega- 
tional and 2 Baptist. The v. is situated on one 
street, over a m. long, on elevated ground, and 
has- a Congregational and a Baptist church, sev- 
eral stores, and many fine dwellings, with a very 
commanding prospect. It contains the " Con- 
necticut Literary Institution," founded by the 
Baptists, in 1835. The edifice is of brick, 72 feet 
long, and 34 wide, 4 stories high, containing 24 
rooms for students. Connected with it are J 6 
acres of land, and a dwelling for the steward. It 
has about 60 or 70 students. The t. was char- 
tered in 1670, and until 1752, was under the juris- 
diction of Mass. It has 8 stores, cap. $32,300 ; 1 
tannery, 2 paper fac, 2 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. 
in manufiic. $111,337. 1 acad. 144 students, 11 
sch. 611 scholars. Pop. 2,669. 

SuFFiELD, p-t., portage co., O., 13 s. by w. Ra- 
venna, 134 N. E. Columbus, 320 W. It has 6 sch. 
140 scholars. Pop. 1,212. 

Suffolk, county, Mass. Situated in the E. 
part of the state, and consists of Boston and Chel- 
sea, with several islands. Organized in 164S, 



SUG 



641 



SUL 



when it contained the present fiounties of Suffblii 
niid Norfolk, with the towns of ][in^;ham and 
Jliiil, in Plymouth CO. It now oontiiiiis 110 Kq. 
niH., I)eing llie sniiillest connly in extent in the 
Ntiile, l)iit the city of Hoston renders it the most 
iniporUmt. ('upitul, Hosion. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 702, sheep 07, swine 73B ; wlieat 130 
bush, produced, rye 1,23'.), Ind. corn 2,'.)HS, barley 
1,124, oats 271>, potatoes 21,340; 232 houses in 
foreign trade, cap. §1 1,<V.)r),000 ; 5S3 slores, cap. 
$1,213,220; 31 Inmher yards, cap. $3S4,010 ; in- 
vested in fi.sheries, §3.'), 100; furnaces, 1 cotton 
fac. 1,100 sp., 3 taniK^ries, 17 distilleries, 2 brew- 
eries, 3 glass fac, 1 pottery, 4 grist in., 25 [irint- 
ing offices, 28 binderies, 7 periodicals, 7 daily, II 
weekly, 7 semi- weekly newspapers. (Jap. in 
manufac. $2,82.5,000. 10 acad. 2,04'J students, 
MO sch. 14,.'377 scholars. I'op. 'Jr),773. 

ISiriFOLK, county, N' V. It comprehends the 
E. part of [,ong Island, with several considerable 
islands, the largest of which are Shelter, (Janli- 
iier's, and Fisher's islands. It contains 973 s(|. ms. 
J'econic r. and some small streams drain the co. 
The surface is broken and hilly ; soil, sand and 
san<iy loam. There are extensive salt meadows. 
The Long Island railroad is designed to extend to 
(ireenport, in the \. k. part of the co., and is pro- 
gr(!ssing. Salt is manufactured, by the evapora- 
tion of sea-water. Oapital, l{iverhead. There 
were in 1810, neat cattle 22,230, sheej) 40,7.'J1, 
swine 20.534 ; wheal 105,77S bush, produced, rye 
79,023, Ind. corn 355,314, buckwheat 12,7o7, bar- 
ley 9,100, oats 2.58,218, potatoes 170,230, hops 
1,831 pounds ; 1H8 stores, cap. $500,590 ; 23 luni- 
t)er yards, cap. .$53,850; cap. invested in fisheries, 
$414,300; 5 fulling m., 8 woollen fac, 2 cotton 
fac. 1,032 sp., 10 tanneries, 2 potteries, 1 flouring 
m., 51 grist m., 17 saw m., 3 paper fac, 3 printing 
offices, 3 weekly, 1 semi-weekly newspapers. 
Cap. in manufac. $388,085. acad. 33S students, 
164 sch. 7,872 scholars. Pop. 32,409. 

SuFFOj.K, p-v., capital of Nansemond co., Va., 
28 N. w. by w. Norfolk, 85 s. k. Richmond, 218 
W. Situated on the k. side of JNanseniond r., 
and Contains a court house, jail, 4 churches — 1 
Episcopal, 1 Baptist, and 2 .Methodist — 20 stores, 
3()0 dwellings, and about 1,.5(K) iidiabitants. 

S(ji.FOi,K,C. II., Sufli.lk CO., N. Y., 226 s. s. k, 
Albany, 306 W. (See Iliverhead.) 

Sugar Crkek, t. Arinslrotig co.. Pa. It has 2 
stores, cap. $5,51)0; 1 , lanniM-y, 4 distilleries, 
grist m., 9 saw m. (Jap. in manufac. $9,283. 1 
sch. 20 scholars. Pop. 1,852. 

Sugar, cr., Sangamon co., 111., is a s. branch 
of Sangamon r. 

Sugar, cr., 111., rises in McDonough co., and 
enters Illinois r. in Schuyler co. Thfjre are sever- 
al other small creeks of this name in III. 

Sugar (Jricek, t., Venango co.. Pa., 8 n. w. 
Franklin. The surface is level ; soil, a fertile 
loam. Bounded n. i;. and i:. by Sugar cr. Coal 
is abundant. It has 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $.5,750. 2 sch. 08 scholars. Pop. 1,093. 

Sugar Creek, p-o., Crawford co., Pa., 222 n. 
w. Ilarrisburg, 290 W. 

Sugar Creek, p-o., I.awreiice co., Tenn., 91 
s. s. w. Nashville, 751 W. 

Sugar (Jreek, t., Greene co., O. It has 3 
stores, cap. $16,000; 1 tannery, 6 distilleries, 9 
flouring m., 5 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $104,000. Pop. 2.3(;9. 

Sugar Creek, t., Putnam co., O., 35 s. e. De- 
fiance. Pop. 500. 

Sugar Creek, t.. Stark co., O. The surface 
is rolling, and somewhat hilly. It has 2 sch. 44 
scholars. Pop. 1,802. 

Sugar Creek, t.,Wayne co., O. It has 7 stores, 
81 



cap. $6,875 ; 1 tannery, 3 flouring m., 9 saw m. 
Cap. in maiMifac. $11,630. Pon. 2,223. 

Sugar (.'iieiok, po., Hancock co., la., 15 e. In- 
dianapolis, 563 W. It has 1 grist m., 2 saw m. 
Cap. in marnifac. $I,5')0. Pop. 010. 

Sugar Creek, t., Montgomery co., la. Pop. 6.50. 

Sugar Creek, I., Tuscarawas co., O. It has 
2 slores, cap. $1,000 ; 3 tanneries, 3 grist m., 4 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,200. 7 sch. 600 
scholars. Pop, 1,450. 

Sugar Cheek, p o., Walworth co., Wis., 05 s. 
!<:. Madison, 814 W. 

Sugar (Jrove, p v.. Sugar (Jrove t., Warren 
CO., Pa., 23J N. w. Ilarrisburg, 328 W. Situated 
on Slillwattir cr., \i .s. N. Y. stale line. It con- 
tains 1 store, 1 saw in., 1 grist m., and 18 or 20 
dwellings. It is surrounded with groves of sugar 
maples. There are in the t. 2 stores, cap. $2,250 ; 
2 tanneries, 1 grist in., 5 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $0,200. 9 si:h. 220 scholars. Pop. 1,002. 

Sugar Grove, p-o., Fairfield co., O., 37 s. e. 
(Jolumbus, 375 W. 

Sugar (lnovi'-., |)-o., Ashe co., N. C, 232 w. N. 
w. Ualeigh, 398 W. 

Su<iAR (iRovE, p-o., Kane Co., 111., 182 n. n. e. 
Springfield, 7.VJ W. 

St:(;,\R (;rove, p-o., Ralls co.. Mo., 101 n. n. E. 
.leflert-on City, 909 W. 

Sugar IIii.i., p o., (Jrafton co., N. H., 78 n. 
('oncord, 538 W. 

Sugar Hi(,f,, p-o,. Orange t., Steuben co., N. 
Y., I9S w. by H. Albany, 310 W. 

Sugar Lake, p-o., (Jrawford Co., Pa., 243 N. 
w. Ilarrisburg, 310 W. It receives its name from 
Siiiijir lake, a hiuid>oiMe sheet of water, from 
which flows a branch of Sugar cr. 

Sugar Loae, p-v., (ioshen and Warwick ts., 
(Grange co., N. Y., 105 s. ,s. w. Albany, 374 W. 
It has 1 church, 3 slores, 25 dwellings, and about 
140 inhabitants. 

Sugar LoaI'', p-t., (Columbia co.. Pa., 112 n. n. 
E. Ilarrisburg, 221 W. The surface is diversi- 
fied, in the n. mountainous ; soil, sand and grav- 
el. Drained by Fishing cr. and its tributaries. 
It has 1 distillery, 3 grist m., 8 saw m. (Jap. in 
manufac. $20,000. 3 sch, 80 scholars. Pop. 937. 

Sugar 1,,oa1'', t., Luzerne co.. Pa. The surface 
is mountainous ; soil, in the valleys, fertile. 
Drained by Nescopeck and Black creeks. It i.s 
named from a conical mountain in the vicinity, 
of the saint! name. It has stores, cap. $15,.500; 
1 tannery, 4 flouring m., 8 saw m. Cap, in man- 



ufac. $18,000. sch. 280 scholars. Pop. 1,306. 

". It has 2 
grist m. Pop. 140. 



StJGAR LoAi', t., Carroll co.. Ark. 



Sugar Loai', t., Marion co., Ark. It has 1 
tannery, 2 distilleries. Pop. 143. 

Sugar Run, j) o., Sullivan co., la. 

SuGARTowN, |)-v., Chester co.. Pa., 79 e. s. e. 
Ilarrisburg, 124 W. 

Sugar 'Pree, p-o., Pittsylvania co., Va., 183 
w. s. w. Richmond, 2(')6 W. 

Sugar Thee Rii)<;e, p o.. Highland co., O., 86 
8. w. (Jolumbus, 453 W. 

Sugar Vaeekv, p-o., Clinton co., Pa. 

Sugar Vai.i.ev, po., Preble co., O., 100 w. 
by .s. Columbus, 493 W. 

Suggs Bhii>ge, [i-o., Montgomery co., N. C, 97 
w. s. w. Raleigh, 371 W. 

Suggsvili.e, p-v., ('larke co., Ala., 152 s. Tus- 
caloosa, 944 W. Situated on E. side of Bassets 
cr., a branch of Tombigbce r., and contains about 
150 inhabitants. 

Sui,i,iVA.\, county, .\. II. Situated in the w. 
toward the s. part of the stale, and contains 530 
sq. ras. ("otmeclicul r. runs on its w. border 
Surface elevated but not mountainous ; soil near 



SUL 



642 



SUM 



the streams rich. Watered by Sugar r. and its 
branches. Snnapee lake lies on its E. border. 
Organized in 1827. Capital, Newport. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 22,828, sheep 88,296, 
swine 10,917 ; wheat 20,572 bush, produced, rye 
29,033, Ind. corn 7C,,68G, buckwheat 16,31)4, hur- 
ley 9,086, oats 156,438, potatoes 505,376, sugar 
142,541 pounds; 44 stores, cap. $190,300; 1 fur- 
nace, 11 fulling m., 6 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 
350 sp., 18 tanneries, 27 grist m., 80 saw m., 2 
paper fac, 3 printing offices, 2 weekly newspa- 
pers. Cap. in manufac. $31,096. 2 acad. 376 
students, 97 sch. 7,053 scholars. Pop. 20,340. 

Sullivan, county, N. Y. Situated in the s. 
E. part of the stale, and contains 919 sq. ms. 
Demware r. runs on its s. w. border. Drained 
by Neversink and Mongoup rivers, branches of 
the Delaware. The surface is hilly and moun- 
tainous. The soil is various, fertile in the val- 
leys, and in the elevated parts adapted to graz- 
ing. The Delaware and Hudson canal and the 
New York and Erie railroad passes through it. 
Lead ore is found near Wartzboro, on the line of 
the Delaware and Hudson canal. Capital, Mon- 
liceilo. There were in 1840, neat cattle 18,057, 
sheep 19,476, swine 10,047 ; wheat 8,793 bush, 
produced, rye 66,090, Ind. corn 50,425, buckwheat 
51,942, oats 126,232, potatoes 236,335, sugar 
45,359 pounds ; 65 stores, cap. $152,910 ; 10 lum- 
ber yards, cap. $4,960; 1 furnace; 4 smelting 
houses produced 100,000 pounds of lead ; 3 full- 
ing m., 19 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 29 grist m., 174 
saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. 
Cap. in manufac. $669,009. 1 acad. 36 students, 
101 sch. 3,894 scholars. Pop. 15,629. 

Sullivan, county, Tenn. Situated in the n. 
E. part of the state, and contains 520 sq. ms. 
Drained by Holston r. and its brandies. The 
surface is mountainous. Capital, Blountville. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 12,368, sheep 
14,057, swine 41,087; wheat 99,061 bush, pro- 
duced, rye 5,662, Ind. com 390,025, barley 1,272, 
oats 179,896, potatoes 23,016, tobacco 5,360 lbs. ; 
13 stores, cap. $71,250; 1 furnace, 4 forges, 1 
cotton fac. 512 sp., 8 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 1 
powder m., 18 (louring m., 6 grist m., 21 saw m., 

1 paper fac. Cap. in manufac. $66,53/. 3 acad. 
120 students, 23 sch. 700 scholars. Pop. whites 
9,504, slaves 1,037, free col'd 195 ; total, 10,736. 

Sullivan, county, la. Situated in the w., 
toward the s. part of the state, and contains 430 
sq. ms. Bounded w. by Wabash r. Drained 
by Busseron, Furman's, and Turtle creeks. Cap- 
ital, Benton. Tliere were in 1840, neat cattle 
12,442, sheep 11,836, swine 33,915 ; wheat 44,458 
bush, produced, rye 2,614, Ind. corn 538,543, oats 
86,700, potatoes 17,907, tobacco 20,446 pounds, 
sugar 85,625; 15 stores, cap. $50,900; 4 tanner- 
ies, 4 distilleries, 1 pottery, 23 grist m., 22 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $93,860. 1 acad. 45 stu- 
dents, 20 sch. 620 scliolars. Pop. 8,315. 

Sullivan, p-t., Hancock co.. Me., 101 e. Au- 
gusta, 633 W. It has Frenchman's and Taunton 
bay on the s. w. A bridge, 1,400 feet long, 
crosses Taunton bay to Hancock. The outlet 
of a considerable pond in its n. e. part Hows into 
Frenchman's bay. It is well situated for navi- 
gation, and has some ship building. It has 4 
stores, cap. .$3,100; 2 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 

2 flouring m., 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $37,900. 7 sch. 175 sch. Pop. 649. 

Sullivan, t., Cheshire co., N. H., 52 w. s. w. 
Concord, 410 W. A branch of Ashuelot r. runs 
on its s. E. border. Incorporated in 1787. It has 
1 store, cap. $1,500; 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $2,220. 8 sch. 159 scholars. Pop. 
496. 



Sullivan, p-t., Madison co., N. Y., 122 w. by 
N. Albany, 315 W. The surface is level n., un- 
dulating s. ; soil, generally fertile. Drained by 
Canaseraga and Chittenango creeks, flowing into 
Oneida lake, which bounds it on the n. Tlie v. 
is situated on Canaseraga cr. Incorporated in 
1823, and contains 1 Free church, 1 store, 1 grist 
m., 25 dwellings, and about 150 inhabitants. 
There are in the t. 16 stores, cap. $58,700; 2 
fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 furnace, 2 tanneries, 
1 distillery, 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspa- 
per, 1 llouring m., 4 grist m., 18 saw m., 1 oil m. 
C^ap. in manufac. $109,300. 1 acad. 40 students, 
22 sch. 1,245 scholars. Pop. 4,390. 

Sullivan, p-t., Tioga co.. Pa., 146 n. by w. 
Harrisburg, 256 W. The surface is hilly; soil, 
gravelly, and well timbered. Drained by head 
branches of Tioga r. It has 2 stores, cap. $3,500 ; 
1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $13,350. 1 sch. 45 scholars. Pop. 
1,378. 

Sullivan, p-t., Lorain co., O., 91 n. n. e. Co- 
lumbus, 386 W. Watered by branches of Black 
r. The soil is generally fertile. The v., at the 
centre, contains 1 church, 2 stores, 1 steam saw 
and grist m., about 20 dwellings, and 120 inhab- 
itants. Tlie t. has I sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 781. 

Sulphur Hill, p-o., Shelby co., la., 67 s. E. 
Indianapolis, 570 W. 

Sulphur Springs, p-o., Buncombe co., N. C, 
Ah w. Ashville, 260 w. Raleigh, 490 W. It is a 
celebrated watering place. 

Sulphur Springs, po., Rhea co., Tenn., 144 
E. s. E. Nashville, 563 W. 

Sulphur Springs, p-o., JefTerson co.. Mo., 151 
E. by s. JefTer-son City, 831 W. 

Sulphur Spring, t.. Hot Springs co., Ark. 
It has 1 grist m. Pop. 334. 

SuM.-vi EH FIELD, p-v., Guilford CO., N. C, 99 w. 
N. w. Raleigh, 294 W. 

SuMMKRFiELD, p-v., Stcwart CO., Ga., 145 s. 
w. Milledgeville, 801 W. 

SuMMERFiELD, p-0., Seneca t., Monroe co., O., 
112 E. Columbus, 325 W. It contains 1 church, 
1 store, 20 dwellings, and about 125 inhabitants. 

SuMMERFiELD, p-t., Monroe CO., Mich., 60 s. 
w. Detroit, .500 W. Watered by Raisin r. The 
V. is situated on the r., 16 ms. from Lake Erie, 
and contains a saw m. and several dwellings. 
There are in the t. 1 saw m., 3 sch. 70 scholars 
Pop. 395. 

SuMMERFiELD, p-0., Madison CO., O. 

Summer Grove, p-o., Caddo par.. La. 

SuMMKR Hill, p-t., Cayuga co., N. Y., 24 s 
E. Auburn, 149 w. Albany, 325 W. The surface 
is hilly ; soil, clay loam, moderately fertile. 
Drained by head branches of Fall cr. It has 1 
store, cap. $2,000; 1 tannery, 7 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $7,942. 7 sch. 354 scholars. Pop. 
1,446. 

Summer Hill, t, Crawford co., Pa. It has 2 
stores, cap. $3,300; 1 tannery, 1 flouring m., 1 
grist m., 13 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $12,230. 
Pop. 1,638. 

SuM.MER Hill, p-v., Cambria co.. Pa., 150 w. 
by N. Harrisburg, 187 W. It has 2 stores, cap. 
$6,000 ; 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in 
mainifac. $1,875. 4 sch. 180 scholars. Pop. 
1,005. 

SuMMERSviLLE, p-o., JefTerson CO., Pa., 171 n. 
w. Harrisburg, 260 W. 

SuMMERviLLE, p-v., Charleston dist., S. C. 

SuMMERsviLLE, p-v., capital of Nicholas co., 
Va., 268 s. vv. by w. Richmond, 310 W. Sit- 
uated on a branch of Gauley r., and contains a 
court house, jail, clerk's office, 2 stores, 20 dwell- 
ings, and about 125 inhabitants. 



SUM 



643 



SUN 



SuMMERviLLE, p-v., Capital of Chatooga co., 
Ga., 181 N. w. Milledgeville, 653 W. Situated 
on the w. side of Challooga r., a branch of Coosa 
r. It contains a court house, jail, and about 175 
inhabitants. 

SuMMERviLLE,p-v., Cass CO., Mich., 177 w. by 
s. Detroit, 629 W. Situated on Dowagiake r., and 
contains 1 store and 1 saw m. 

SuMMERSviLLE, p-v., Grcene co., Ky., 5 n. w. 
Greensburg, 95 s. s. w. Frankfort, 629 W. 

SuM.MiT, county, O. Situated toward the n 
E. part of the state, and contains 422 sq. ms 
The surface is moderately uneven ; soil, gener- 
ally fertile. Drained by Cuyahoga r. and Little 
Cuyahoga r., which afford extensive water power, 
and the head waters of Tuscarawas r. Tlie Ohio 
canal passes through its centre from n. to s., and 
affords great conveniences for transportation. 
Capital, Akron. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
21,762, sheep 41,054, swine 25,501 ; wheal 3 17,462 
bush, produced, rye 23,070, Ind. corn 209,600, 
buckwheat 9,054, barley 5,475, oats 183,463, po- 
tatoes 157,455, sugar 107,993 pounds ; 6 commis- 
sion houses, cap. $39,500 ; 83 stores, capital 
$239,194; 6 furnaces, 1 forge, 19 fulhng m., 11 
woollen fac, 16 tanneries, 8 distilleries, 1 brew- 
ery, 1 powder m., 5 potteries, 8 flouring m., 26 
grist m., 59 saw m., 2 oil ni., 2 paper fac, 4 print- 
ing offices, 1 bindery, 5 weekly newspapers. 
Cap. in manafac. $543,019. 1 college, 112 stu- 
dents, 6 acud. 217 students, 114 sch. 3,860 scho- 
lars. Pop. 22,560. 

Su.MMiT, p-t., Schoharie co., N. Y., 16 s. w. 
Schoharie, 52 w. Albany, 378 W. The surface 
is elevated and hilly ; soil, sandy loam, well 
adapted to grat-s. Drained by Cliarlotte r., and 
by tributaries of Schoharie cr. It has 4 stores, 
cap. $9,000 ; 2 fulling ra., 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 
6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,000. 18 sch. 892 
scholars. Pop. 2,010. 

Summit, p-v., Washington t., Cambria co.. Pa., 
129 w. by N. Harrisburg, 172 W. Situated on a 
head branch of Kiskiminetas r., and contains about 
200 inhabitants. 

Summit, p-o., Northampton co., N. C. 

Summit, p-o., Shelby co., O., 90 w. n. w. Co- 
lumbus, 484 W. 

Summit, p-o., Oakland co., Mich., 34 n. w. 
Detroit, 540 W. 

Summit, p-t., Milwaukie co.. Wis., 50 e. by s. 
Madison, 835 W. It has 1 store, cap. $1,500; 1 

frist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,050. 
op. 335. 

Summit, p-v., Cook co.. 111., 191 n. e. Spring- 
field, 730 W. Situated at the " Point of Oaks^" 
on the canal, 13 ms. s. w. from Chicago. 

Summit Bridge, p-v., Newcastle co., Del., 41 
N. Dover, 117 W. It contains about 75 inhabi- 
tants. 

Summit Hill, p-v., Northampton co., Pa., 84 
N. E. by E. Harrisburg, 194 W. 

Summit Point, p-o., Jefferson co., Va., 161 
N. by w. Richmond, 71 W. 

SuM.MiTSviLLE, p-v., WayHc CO., Pa., 185 n. e. 
Harrisburg, 279 W. 

Su.MMU.M, p-o., Fulton CO., III., 67 n. \v. Spring- 
field, 845 W. 

Sumner, county, Tenn. Situated in the n. 
part of the state, and contains 640 sq. ms. Cum- 
berland r. runs on its s. border, by branches of 
whicli it is drained, and by branches of Big Bar- 
ren r. The surface is rolling ; soil, very fertile. 
Capital, Gallatin. There were in 1840, neat cat- 
tle 18,865, sheep 23,801, swine 71,356; wheat 
124,482 bush, produced, rye 12,780. Ind. corn 
1,800,955, oats 498,248, potatoes 351,083 ; tobacco 
2,615,100 pounds, cotton 161,379, sugar 1,500; 30 



stores, cap. $273,850 ; 9 tanneries, 18 distilleries, 
1 brewery, 62 grist m., 27 saw m., 2 printing of- 
fices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. 
$259,735. 5 acad. 336 s'.udents, 15 sch. 473 
scholars. Pop. whites 14,89), slaves 7,286, free 
cord268; total, 22,445. 

Sumner, p-t., Oxford co. Me., 8 n. Paris, 40 
w. Augusta, 606 W. The soil is fertile, adapted to 
grain. Incorporated in 1798. Drained by branches 
of Androscoggin r. It has a pond in its w. part, 
(lowing into one of these branches. It has 8 tan- 
neries, 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$2,440. 9 sch. 48 scholars. Pop. 1,269. 

Su.mneytown, p-v., 3Iontgumery co., Pa., 20 
N. E. Norristown, 182 e. Harrisburg, 173 W. 
Situated on the line of Upper Salford and Marl- 
borough townships, and contains 2 stores, and 
about 15 dwellings. There are 3 powder m. in 
the vicinity. 

Sumpter, district, S. C. Situated a little s. E. 
of the centre of the slate, and contains 1,240 sq. 
ms. Sanlee r. runs on its w. border, and Lynch's 
cr. on its .\. e. boundary. Drained by Black r. 
and its branches, and by branches of Santee 
r. Capital, Sumpierville. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 32,961, sheep 8,655, swine 47,260; 
wheat 7,125 bush, produced, rye 1,533, Ind. corn 
631,977, oats 54,231), potatoes 263,711, rice 36s,505 
pounds, cotton 2,298,712 ; 35 stores, cap. $66,500; 
5 tanneries, 50 grist m., 30 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $143,295. 7 acad. 145 students, 40 sch. 693 
scholars. Pop. whites 8,644, slaves 18,875, free 
cord373; total, 27,892. 

Su.MPTER, county, Ala. Situated in the w. 
part of the state, and contains 1,209 sq. ms. 
Bounded on the n. e. and e. by Tombigbee r., 
by the w. fork of which, and smaller branches, 
it is drained. It has 3 acad. 159 students, 16 sch. 
332 scholars. Pop. 29,937. Capital, Livingston. 

SuMPTER, county, Ga. Situated toward the 
s. w. part of the state, and contains 675 sq. ms. 
Flint r. bounds it on the e., by branches of which 
it is drained. Capital, Americus. There were 
in 1810, neat cattle 19,218, sheep 2,.352, swine 
23,472 ; wheat 10,864 bush, produced, rye 1,800, 
Ind. corn 231,870, oats 6,240, potatoes 23,400, 
tobacco 740 pounds, cotton 930,000 ; 13 stores, 
cap. $24,000 ; 1 distillery, 7 grist m., 10 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $32,509. 8 sch. 234 scholars. 
Pop. whites 4,115, slaves 1,643, free col'd 1; 
total, 5,759. 

Sumpter, t., Wayne co., Mich. Drained by 
Huron r. It has 2 sch. 58 scholars. Pop. 193. 

Sumpterville, p-v., capital of Sumpterville 
dist., S. C, 63 E. Columbia, 499 W. Situated 
between the branches of Black r., and contains 
a court house, jail, 3 churches, 10 stores, and about 
400 inhabitants. 

Su.mpterville, p-v., Lee co., Ga. 

Sumpterville, p-v., Sumpter co., Ala., 64 s. 
w. Tuscaloosa, 8-!2 W. Situated on w. side of 
Tombigbee r., and contains several large ware- 
houses, and about 300 inhabitants. 

Sunapee, lake, Sullivan and 3Ierrimac cos., 
N. H., is 9 ms. long, and about 1 and a half wide. 
The surface is elevated 820 feet above the level 
of Connecticut and Merrimac rivers. Its outlet 
flows into Sugar r. 

SuNBURV, p-b., Augusta t., capital of Northum- 
berland CO., Pa., 53 N. by e. Harrisburg, 163 W. 
Beautifully situated on the e. side of Susque- 
hanna r., 2 ms. below the confluence of the n. 
and w. branches, at Northumberland, below the 
Shamokin dam, which is 2,783 feet long, erected 
for the passage of the Pennsylvania canal. It 
contains a court house and county offices of brick, 
a jail of stone, 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 



SUN 



644 



SUR 



German Reformed, and 1 Melhodist — 15 stores, 
and about 300 dwellings. A mile above the t., 
a bridge was erected in 1814, across the n. branch 
of the Susq\iehanna, connecting the t. with Nor- 
thumberland. It is in 2 parts, crossing Shamokin 
island, and cost $90,000. It is 1,825 feet long, 
32 feet wide, 41 feet above ordinary water in the 
r., resting on 8 stone piers. The arches are of 
■wood, protected by a roof. It has 9 stores, cap. 
$23,900 ; 3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 pottery, 1 
printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in 
manufac. $20,760. 4 sch. 257 scholars. Pop. 
1,108. 

SuNDURY, p-v.. Gates co., N. C, 224 e. n. e. 
Raleigh, 243 W. It contains about 75 inhabi- 
tants. 

SuxnuRY, p-v., Berkshire t., Delaware co., O., 
25 N. Columbus, 395 W. It has 2 stores, several 
mechanic shops, and a number of dwellings. 

SuNBURY, t., Monroe co., O. It has 5 sch. 135 
scholars. Pop. 1,157. 

SuNiiURV, p-v., Livingston co., 111., 121 n. e. 
Springfield, 743 W. 

SoNcuRV, p-v., port of entry. Liberty co., Ga., 
40 s. by w. Savannah, 212 s. s. E. Milledgeville, 
702 VV. Situated on the s. side of Medway r., 
at the head of St. Catharine's sound. It contains 
an academy, 1 Baptist church, 2 or 3 stores, 30 
dwellings, and about 200 iniiabitants. It has an 
elevated sandy situation, and was built in 1758 ; 
and for several years was a formidable rival of 
Savannah, but its prosperity was broken by the 
revolutionary war. It is resorted to for health 
during the sickly season. 

SuNCOOK, r., N. H., rises in a pond near the 
top of one of the Suncook mountains, 900 feet 
above tidewater, and passing through several 
ponds, and receiving tributaries from others, it 
enters the Merriraac r., between AUenstown 
and Pembroke. 

SuNcooK, p-o., Merrimac co., N. H., 7 E. Con- 
cord, 478 W. 

Sunday Creek Cross Ro.^ds, p-o., Perry co., 
O., 62 E. by s. Columbus, 361 W. 

Sonderl.4nd, p-t., Bennington co., Vt., 15 n. 
E. Bennington, 98 s. s. w. Montpelier, 425 W. 
The surface is uneven, with fine alluvial flats ; 
soil, alluvion, loam, and marl. Drained by Bat- 
tenkill r., and by Roaring brook, which issues 
from ponds in the e. part, and affords water 
power. Chartered in 1761 ; first settled in 1765, 
organized in 1769. It contains a Congregational 
and a Methodist church. It has 1 store, cap. 
$4,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 
grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,250. 4 
sch. 136 scholars. Pop. 43-i. 

Sunderland, p-t., Franklin co., Mass., 9 s. by 
K. Greenfield, 80 w. Boston, 392 W. Connecti- 
cut r. bounds it on the w., on which are fine allu- 
vial meadows, but in other parts the surface is 
moimtainous. The central v. is built chiefly on 
one street, three fourths of a m. long, parallel with 
the r., and contains a Congregational church, and 
about 50 dwellings, many of them handsome. 
A bridge here crosses Connecticut r., 858 feet 
long, built in 1832, at an expense of $20,000. It 
contains 2 other small villages. There are in 
the t. 2 stores, cap. $3,500 ; 1 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $3,602. 6 sch. 436 scholars. Pop. 719. 

Sunderland, p-v., Calvert co., Md., 37 s. s. w. 
Annapolis, 67 W. 

SuNFisu, p-o., Clarington v., Salem t., Mon- 
roe CO., O., 131 E. Columbus, 281 W. 

SuNFisH, t., Pike CO., O. It has 1 saw m., 2 
sch. 68 scholars. Pop. 318. 

Sii.NFLowER, p-o., Lancaster co., Pa., 52 e. s. 
E. Harrisburg, 116 W. 



SuNKHAZE, p-o., Penobscot co., Me., 85 e. Au- 
gusta, 680 W. 

SuNMAN, p-o., Ripley co., la., 73 s. e. Indiana- 
polis, 533 W. 

Sunset, p-o.. Walker co., Ga., 192 n. w. Mil- 
ledgeville, 677 W. 

Superior, t., Williams co., O. It has 1 sch. 
17 scholars. Pop. 166. 

Superior, pt., Washtenaw co., Mich., 31 w. 
Detroit, 523 W. It has 2 stores, cap. $1,400; 2 
grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,300. 
Pop. 1,393. 

Superior, lake, the largest in North America, 
and supposed to be the largest body of fresh wa- 
ter in the world. It is about 3S0 nis. long and 
130 wide, and about 1,200 or 1,500 in circumfer- 
ence. The boundary line between the United 
States and Canada passes through its central 
part. It is surrounded mostly by a rocky and 
uneven coast, and contains many considerable 
islands, one of the largest of which, Isle Royal, is 
about 100 nis. long and 40 ms. broad. It abounds 
with fish, particularly trout, sturgeon, and white- 
fish, which are caught at all seasons, and in large 
quantities. Of these the trout, weighing from 12 
to .50 pounds, and the whitefish, weighing often 
over 20 pounds, are, perhaps, the most important. 
The storms on this lake are equal to those on the 
Atlantic ; the waves run as high, and its naviga- 
tion is as difficult. Its surface is elevated 625 feet 
above the level of the sea, and its mean depth is 
900 feet. Its waters are remarkably clear and 
transparent. It receives more than 30 rivers, and 
discharges its waters into Lake Huron, by the 
straits or r. of St. Mary. The rapids or falls here 
prevent vessels from passing into it, from Lake 
Huron. The pictured rocks on its s. shore, to- 
ward its E. end, are a great curiosity. Tliey 
form a perpendicular wall, 300 feet high, extend- 
ing about 12 ms. They have caves which re- 
ceive the waves with a tremendous roar. At 
one place a considerable stream is thrown from 
them into the lake, by a single leap, from the 
height of 70 feet, and boats can pass dry between 
it and the rocky shore. At another place 4 rocky 
pillars support a stratum or entablature of stone, 
covered with soil, on which trees of spruce and 
pine grow, some of which are 50 or 60 feet high. 
This is called the Doric Rock or Arch, and ap- 
pears like a work of art, though it is the work of 
nature. 

Surgeon's Hall, p-o., Alleghany co.. Pa., 
201 w. by N. Harrisburg, 228 W. 

SuRRENCV, p-o., Tatnall co., Ga., 162 s. e 
Milledgeville, 773 W. 

Surry, county, Va. Situated toward the s. 
E. part of the state, and contains 324 square ms, 
James r. runs on its n. e. border, and Blackwater 
r. on its s. w., by small branches of which it is 
drained. Capital, Surry C. H. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 4,136, sheep 3,676, swine 12,595 ; 
wheat 9,317 bush, produced, Indian corn 185,040, 
oais 35,900, potatoes 33,659, tobacco 4,692 pounds, 
cotton 63,954 ; 12 stores, cap. $17,300 ; 1 cotton 
fac. 210 sp., 166 distilleries, 1 flouring m., 21 grist 
m. C'ap. in manufac. $6,850. 8 sch. 186 schol- 
ars. Pop. whites 2,557, slaves 2,853, free col'd 
1,070 ; total, 6,480. 

Surry, county, N. C. Situated in the n. to- 
ward the w. part of the state, and contains 726 
sq. ms. The surface is mountainous and broken ; 
soil, fertile. Drained by Yadkin river and its 
branches. Capital, Rockford. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 12,609, sheep 12,128, swine 
33,168 ; wheat 48,804 bush, produced, rye 20,542, 
Indian corn 484,976, oats 1 15,018, potatoes 23,866, 
tobacco 83,070 pounds, cotton 67,228 ; 19 stores, 



sus 



645 



SUT 



cap. $63,600; 10 forges, 1 cotton fac. 400 sp., 15 
tanneries, "Zij distilleries, 1 powder m., 3 potter- 
ies, 52 grist m., 27 saw m. Cap. in manufae. 
$74,012. 14 schools 335 sctiolars. Pop. whites 
13,093, slaves 1,778, free col'd 208; total, 15,079. 

Surry, p-t., Hancock co.. Me., 83 e. by n. 
Augusta, 677 W. Bounded by Union r. and bay 
on the E. It contains several large ponds, and 
has ine.\haustibie beds of shell marl, by the use 
of which the fertility of the soil is increased. In- 
corporated in 1803. It has 2 stores, cap. $4,000 ; 
1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap, 
in manufae. $4,000. 7 sch. 312 scholars. Pop. 
857. 

SuRRv, p-t., Cheshire co., N. H., 55 s. w. Con- 
cord, 441 VV. Watered by Ashuelot r., on the 
margin of which is a fine intervale. The surface 
is in some parts uneven. On the summit of a 
mountain is a pond of 3 acres, 25 feet deep. In- 
corporated in 1769 ; first settled in 1764. It has 

1 tannery, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufae. 
$3,427. 6 sch. 171 scholars. Pop. 481. 

Surry, C. H., p-v., capital of Surry co., Va., 
55 s. E. Richmond, 178 W. It contains a court 
house, jail, 2 stores, an arsenal, and about 50 in- 
habitants. 

Susquehanna, r., the largest river in Pa., 
and one of the largest in the U. S., is formed by 

2 main branches, the Eastern and the Western. 
The Eastern branch rises in Otsego co., N. Y., 
and one of its sources in Otsego lake. It receives 
the Chenango, a considerable river from the n., 
at Binghamton, and proceeding w. and turning 
s., it crosses into Pa., soon after which it is joined 
by the Western branch, called the Tioga or Che- 
mung river, 3 ms. below the Pennsylvania line. 
It then flows s. e., and then s. w., until it re- 
ceives the Weslern branch, its largest tributary, 
at Northumberland, after which its course is first 
s., 40 ms., until it receives the Juniata from the 
w., and then s. e. until it falls into the Chesa- 
peake bay, near the n. e. corner of Maryland. It 
IS navigable for sloops 5 miles from its mouth to 
Port Deposit, at the head of the tide. Above 
that, for nearly 50 miles, tlie river is obstructed 
by a continued succession of rapids, which ren- 
der navigation in boats up the s'ream impossible ; 
but in high water, a vast amount of lumber and 
produce comes down the river, in rafts, arks, &c. 
in the upper parts of the river the obstructions to 
boat navigation are not great, and might be easily 
overcome. The importance of a river depends 
much upon its capacity for navigation. In this 
view, the Susquehanna has less importance 
than many others in the U. S., which drain a less 
extent of surface, and carry a less volume of 
water. It is a mile and a quarter wide at its 
entrance into Chesapeake bay. Canals are ex- 
tensively constructed along its banks, for which 
it affords great facilities. Its whole length is 
about 450 miles. 

SusauEHANNA, county, Pa. Situated in the 
N. E. part of the state, and contains 875 sq. miles. 
The surface is hilly and broken ; soil, fertile. 
Su.squehanna r. passes into the n. part of the 
CO., and returns into N. Y. Drained by branches 
of Susquehanna r. Capital, Montrose. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 29,275, sheep 72,157, 
swine 16,840; wheat 60,828 bush, produced, rye 
17,382, Ind. corn 83,659, buckwheat 44,222, bar- 
ley 1,830, oats 237,185, potatoes 362,218, sugar 
252,137 pounds ; 53 stores, cap. $227,600 ; 8 full- 
ing m., 3 woollen fac, 18 tanneries, 1 distillery, 
1 paper fac, 3 printing offices, 1 bindery, 1 week- 
ly newspaper, 24 grist m., 90 saw m., 1 oil m. 
Cap. in manufae $174,705. 5 acad. 104 students, 
173 sch. 5,074 scholars. Pop. 21,195. 



Susquehanna, p o., Colesville t., Broome co., 
N. Y., 122 w. s. w. Albany, 304 W. 

Susquehanna, t., Dauphin co.. Pa. The sur- 
face generally is moderately uneven ; soil, allu- 
vion and gravel. Blue mountain crosses its n. 
part. Watered by Paxton cr. Harrisburg lies 
partly in this t. It has 1 store, cap. $300 ; 1 full- 
ing m., 1 distillery, 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 3 
saw m. Cap. in manufae. $1,750. 2 schools 33 
scholars. Pop. 1,452. 

Susquehanna, t., Lycoming co.. Pa. It has 3 
saw m. Cap. in m'anufac. $1,200. 1 school 40 
scholars. Pop. 271. 

Susquehanna, t., Cambria co.. Pa. The sur- 
face is rolling ; soil, clay and loam. It has 4 grist 
m., 1 1 saw m. Cap. in manufae. $900. 3 sch. 
60 scholars. Pop. 361. 

Sussex, county, N. J. Situated in the n. part 
of the state, and contains 415 sq. ms. The sur- 
face is hilly and mountainous ; soil, well adapted 
to grazing. Drained by Wallkill, Pequannock, 
Pequest, and Paulenskill crs. Hopatcong pond, 
which supplies the .summit level of Morris canal, 
lies on its s. e. border. Capital, Newton. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 26,346, sheep 23,983, 
swine 30,236 ; wheat 64,400 bush, produced, rye 
228,316, Indian corn 319,618, buckwheat 147,067, 
oats 217,196, potatoes 201,090; 56 stores, capital 
$253,220 ; 4 lumber yards, cap. $3,770 ; 5 furnaces, 
13 forges, 5 fulling m., 15 tanneries, 24 distiller- 
ies, 47 grist m., 57 saw m., 2 printing offices, 2 
weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufae $416,825. 
5 acad. 172 students, 121 schools 3,369 scholars. 
Pop. 21,770. 

Sussex, comity, Del. Situated in the s. part 
of the state, and contains 860 sq. ms. The sur- 
face is level, and partly marshy. It is bounded 
E. by Delaware bay and the Atlantic. Drained 
by Nanticoke r. and its branches, and by Marshy 
Hope r., which flow into Chesapeake bay, and 
by Indian r., and Mispillion, Jones, and other 
small creeks, flowing into Delaware bay. Capi- 
tal, Georgetown. There were in 1840, neat cat- 
tle 18,956, sheep 17,996, swine 33,054; wheat 
.38,099 bushels produced, rye 8,644, Indian corn 
872,817, potatoes 48,189; 111 stores, capital 
$252,560 ; 10 tanneries, 2 printing offices, 54 grist 
m., 78 saw m. Capital in manufae. $98,455. 6 
acad. $220 students, 46 sch. 1,309 scholars. Pop 
25,093. 

Sussex, county, Va. Situated in the s. e. part 
of the state, and contains 465 sq. miles. Drained 
by Nottoway r. and its branches. Capital, Sus- 
sex C. H. There were in 1840, neat cattle 8,831, 
sheep 8,030, swine 23,957; wheat 18,777 bushels 
produced, Ind. corn 404,793, oats 103,916, tobac- 
co 175,672 pounds, cotton 477,043 ; 18 stores, cap. 
$36,253 ; 1 tannery, 21 grist m. Cap. in manu- 
fae. $6,300. 7 acad. 165 students, 10 schools 198 
scholars. Pop. whites 3,584, slaves 6,384, free 
col'd 811; total, 11,229. 

Sussex, C. IL, p-v., capital of Sussex co., Va., 
48 s. s. e. Richmond, 167 W. It contains a court 
house and jail, and about 75 inhabitants. 

vSuTTON, p-t., Merrimac co., N. II., 26 w. n. w. 
Concord, 48i) W. The surface is uneven and 
rough. Kearsarge mountain lies on its E. bor- 
der. Soil, various, and fertile on the streams. 
Drained by branches of Warner r., which afford 
water power. Chartered in 1749 ; first settled in 
1767. It has 4 stores, cap. $8,700; 2 tanneries, 
1 grist m., 5 saw m. Capital in manufae $7,300. 
13 sch. 337 scholars. Pop. 1,362. 

Sutton, p-t., Caledonia co., Vt., 53 n. n. e. 
Montpelier, 564 W. The surface is level, and 
some of it so low and wet as to be incapable of 
cultivation. Watered by branches of Pasumpsic 



SWA 



646 



SWE 



r. A pond in the n. w. corner covers 200 acres, 
and flows n. into Barton r. It has 2 stores, cap 
$7,000; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, I grist m., 5 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $5,400. 11 sch. 379 schol 
ars. Pop. 1,068. 

Sutton, p-t., Worcester co., Mass., 46 w. by 
s. Boston, 400 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, 
productive. Watered by Blackstone r., along 
which passes Blackstone canal, in its n. part 
Soapstone and granite are found. It contains 5 
churches — 2 Congregational, 2 Baptist, and 1 
Episcopal. It has 6 stores, cap. $10,800; 1 full- 
ing m., I woollen fac, 4 cotton fac. 6,928 sp., 12 
sell. 762 scholars. Pop. 2,370. 

Sutton, t., Meigs co., O. It has 6 schools 253 
scholars. Pop. 1,099. 

Suwannee, r., Fl., rises in Okefinokee swamp, 
in Ga., and receives the Allapaiiavv from the n., 
and the Witlilacoochee from the n. w., and flows 
into tlie Gulf of Mexico. Its bed is rocky, and it 
empties its waters into the Gulf of Mexico through 
numerous shallow channels. The bar at its 
mouth has not more than 5 feet water, but above 
that it has 15 feet for 55 miles. The banks in 
some places are 100 feet high, perpendicular, and 
of beautiful granite rock. 

Suwannee, p-o., Gwinnett co., Ga., 90 n. w. 
Milledgeville, 654 W. 

SwAiNSBORo', p-v., capital of Emanuel co., Ga., 
98 N. w. Savannah, 96 s. e. by e. 3Iilledgeville, 
668 W. Situated near Cannouchee r. It contains 
a court house, jail, and 12 or 15 dwellings. 

Swan, p-o., Chester co., Pa., 57 e. s. e. Harris- 
burg, 117 W. 

Swan Creek, t, Lucas co., O. It has 4 sch. 
168 scholars. Pop. 494. 

Swan, t., Hocking co., O. It has 2 schools 39 
scholars. Pop. 759. 

Swan, p-t., Noble co., la., 156 n. n. e. Indian- 
apolis, 573 W. Pop. 207. 

Swan, p-t., Taney co., Mo. Pop, 669. 

Swan Creek, p-o., Gallia co., O., 27 s. s. e. 
Columbus, 385 W. 

Swan Creek, p-o., Warren co., 111., 102 n. w. 
Springfield, 868 W. 

Swangstown, p-v., Cleveland co., N. C, 197 
w. by s. Raleigh, 434 W. 

SwANNANO, p-o., Buncombe co., N. C, 244 w. 
Raleigh, 474 W. 

Swan Quarter, p-o., Hyde co., N. C, 203 e. 
by s. Raleigh, 400 W. 

Swansborough, p-v., Onslow co., N. C, 160 
s. E. Raleigh, 400 W. Situated on the w. side 
of the estuary of Whittock r., opposite to Bogue 
inlet, and contains about 50 inhabitants. 

Swan's Island, t., Hancock co., Me. It has 1 
grist m., 2 sch. 134 scholars. Pop. 283. 

SwANTON, p-t., Franklin co., Vt., 71 n. w. 
Montpelier, 545 W. Bounded w. by Lake Cham- 
plain. Watered by Missisque r., on which are 
fine intervales. Six miles from its mouth is a fine 
fall of 20 feet, afl!brding extensive water power. 
Excellent variegated marble is found here, and 
extensively exported. The quarry covers over 
300 acres, and extends to an unknown depth. It 
is generally obtained from 2 to 8 feet below the 
surface, and conveyed half a mile to the falls to 
be sawed. The v. at the falls contains a church, 
several stores, various mills, and about 80 dwell- 
ings. Canal boats come up the r. 6 miles to the 
place. It is only one mile from the lake at the 
nearest point. There are in the t. 8 stores, cap. 
$8,920 ; 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $34,800. 16 sch. 945 scholars. Pop. 
2,312. 

SwANTON, p-v., Lucas CO., O., 139 n. w. by N. 
Columbus, 470 W. 



SwANTON Centre, p-o., Swanton t., Frunklai 
CO., Vt., 67 N. Montpelier, 511 W. 

Swanville, p-t., Waldo co.. Me., 50 e. by n. 
Augusta, 644 W. The surface is diversified ; 
soil, fertile. Drained by a small stream rising in 
a pond in its n. part, and flowing into Belfast bay. 
It has 1 store, cap. $2,000 ; 1 grist m., 2 saw m. 
8 sch. 300 scholars. Pop. 919. 

Swanzey, p-t., Bristol co., Mass., 48 s. by w. 
Boston, 414 W. An arm of Mount Hope bay 
sets up into the t., on which stands a small v., 
containing 1 church and about 12 or 14 dwell- 
ings, and it has some navigation and ship build- 
ing. The t. contains 3 Baptist churches. Incor- 
porated in 1667. King Philip's Indian war com- 
menced in this t. June 20th, 1675. It has 9 stores, 
cap. $18,400 ; 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 2 tanneries, 2 
paper fac. Capital in manufac. $44,750. 7 sch. 
137 scholars. Pop. 1,484. 

Swanzey, p-t., Cheshire co., N. H., 53 s. w. 
Concord, 429 W. The surface is partly level 
and partly uneven ; soil, various. Watered by 
Ashuelot r., which is navigable for boats to Keene, 
N. of this place, excepting a short carrying place 
around rapids in Winchester. Iron ore is found. 
Chartered by Mass. in 1733, by N. H. in 1753. 
It has 4 stores, cap. $7,000; 1 fulling m., 1 wool- 
len foe, 1 cotton fac. 630 sp., 1 tannery, 4 grist 
m., 14 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $.55,835. 12 sch. 
577 scholars. Pop. 1.755. 

SwATARA, river. Pa., rises in Schuylkill co., 
on the s. side of Broad mountain, and after a 
course of about 50 ms., flows into Susquehanna 
r., 8 miles below Harrisburg The Union canal 
passes along this r. 

SwATARA, t., Lebanon co.. Pa., 9 n. Lancaster. 
The surface is hilly n. and s., level in the cen- 
tre ; soil, gravelly. Drained by Swatara cr. and 
its branches. It has 6 stores, capital $16,800; 2 
lumber yards, cap. $5,500 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanner- 
ies, 1 distillery, 1 pottery, 4 grist m., 4 saw m. 
Capital in manufac. $18,635. 2 sch. 60 scholars. 
Pop. 1,506. 

Sweden, p-t, Oxford co.. Me., 59 w. s. w. Au- 
gusta, 582 W. The soil is fertile, adapted to 
grain. It has a considerable pond, the outlet of 
which affords water power, and flows into Long 
pond, which is connected to Portland by a canal. 
It has 7 sch. 163 scholars. Pop. 670. 

Sweden, p-t,, Monroe co., N. Y., 237 w. by n. 
Albany, 336 W. The surface is undulating ; soil, 
moist, argillaceous loam, and fertile. Drained by 
Salmon cr. It has 1 store, cap. $4,000 ; 2 saw 
m., 10 sch. 604 scholars. Pop. 1,884. 

Sweden, p-b.. Potter co.. Pa., 171 n. n. w. Har- 
risburg, 281 W. It mostly remains in a wild and 
uncultivated state. Pop. 153. 

SvvEEDSBORouGH, p-v., Woolwicli t., Glouces- 
ter CO., N. J., 47 s. s. vv. Trenton, 158 W. Situ- 
ated at the head of sloop navigation on Racoon 
cr., about 5 miles from its mouth, and contains 1 
Episcopal and 1 Methodist church, an academy, 
4 stores, 1 flouring m., and about 100 dwellings. 

Sweet Gum Tree, p-o., Elbert co., Ga., 102 
N. N. E. Milledgeville, 574 W. 

Sweet Home, p-o., Mecklenberg co., N. C, 
190 w. s. w. Raleigh, 427 W. 

Sweet Ho.me, p-o., Washington co.. Ark., 86 
N. w. Little Rock, 1,195 W. 

Sweet Springs, p-v., Monroe co., Va., 209 w. 
Richmond, 256 W. This is one of the oldest 
watering places in Virginia. The water resem- 
bles the Bristol Hot Wells, England. It has acr 
commodations for 300 persons, and the waters 
are eflicacious in many complaints. The spring 
is so copious as to turn a mill at the distance ot 
200 yards from its source. 



TAG 



647 



TAL 



Sweet Water, p-o., Gwinnett co., Ga., 90 n. 
w. MilledgeviUe, GSl W. 

Sweet Water, p-o., St. Tammany par., La., 
58 N. New Orleans, 1,160 W. 

Sweet Water, p-o., Monroe co., Tenn., 165 
E. s. e. Nashville, 538 W. 

Swift Creek, p-o., Hamilton co., Flor. 

Swift Creek Bridge, p-o., Craven co., N. C, 
137 E. s. E. Raleigh, 331 W. 

Switzerland, county, la. Situated in the s. 
E. part of the slate, and contains 216 square ms. 
Bounded e. and s. by Ohio r. Drained by Log 
Lick, Indian, Plum, Brian's, and Grant's creeks, 
which flow into Ohio r. The surface is various, 
the bottom lands level and very fertile, the table 
land rolling. The vine is cultivated. Capital, 
Vevay. There were in 1810, neat cattle 6,737, 
sheep 9,672, swine 11,251; wheat 76,839 bushels 
produced, Ind. corn 262,3S5, oats 79,531, [lotatoes 
35,375, tobacco 55,167 pounds, sugar 3,148; 29 
stores, cap. $47,450 ; 5 tanneries, 1 flouring m., 8 
grist m., 15 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly 
newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $10,751. 22 sch. 
210 scholars. Pop. 9,920. 

Switzerland, t., Monroe co., O. It has 3 
sch. 122 scholars. Pop. 982. 

Sycamore, p-t., Crawford co., O., 75 n. Co- 
lumbus, 423 W. It has 8 sch. 508 scholars. Pop. 
960. 

Svcamore, t., Hamilton co., O. Watered by 
Mill creek and its branches. It has several vil- 
lages. Pop. 3,207 

Svcamore, p-o., Putnam co., O. 

Sycamore, p-o., Claiborne co., Tenn., 226 e. 
by N. Nashville, 463 W. 

Sycamore, p-o., De Kalb co., 111., 208 n. n. e. 
Springfield, 779 W. 

Sycamore Alley, p-o., Halifax co., N. C, 85 
N. e. Raleigh, 231 W. 

Sydnorsville, pv., Franklin co., Va., 183 w. 
by s. Richmond, 25::! W. 

"Sykesville, p-v., Carroll co., Md., 61 n. n. w. 
Annapolis, 56 W. 



Sylacauga, p-o., Talladega Co., Ala., 97 e. 
Tuscaloosa, 730 W. 

Sylva, p-o., Washington co.. Ark. 

Sylvan, p-o., Washtenaw co., Mich., 59 w. 
Detroit, 517 W. 

Sylvan Grove, p-o., Jefferson co., Ga., 67 e. 
Miliedgeville, 6J5 W. 

Sylvania, po., Bradford co., Pa., 150 n. by E. 
Harrisburg, 260 W. 

Sylvania, t., Lucas co., O. It has 1 sch. 25 
scholars. Pop. 426. 

Sylvanus, p-o., Hillsdale co., 3Iich., 97 w. s. 
w. Detroit, 515 W. 

Sylvian, p-o , Jackson co., la. 

Symmes, t., Hamilton co., O. Situated on the 
w. side of Little Miami r. Organized in 1822. 
Pop. 1,034. 

Symmes, t., Lawrence co., O. Symmes creek 
runs within its e. border, and near the bound- 
ary. It has 3 sch. 57 scholars. Pop. 472. 

Syracuse, p-v., Salina t., capital of Onondaga 
CO., N. Y., 131 w. by n. Albany, 343 W. Situa- 
ted on the Erie canal, at the junction of the Os- 
wego canal. Incorporated in 1825, and contains 
a court house, clerk's office, jail, an academy, 2 
banking houses, 6 churches — Presbyterian, Epis- 
copal, Baptist, Methodist, &c. — 130 stores of dif- 
ferent kinds, 2 flouring m., 1 saw m., 1 plaster m., 
3 machine shops, 3 iron foundries, I tannery, 800 
dwellings, and 6,5 JO inhabitants. This v. and t. 
are celebrated lor the great amount of fine salt 
manufactured from brine springs, which abound 
here. Coarse sa't is also produced by solar evap- 
oration. The total amount of salt of all kinds in 
1840, was 524,461 bushels. A new spring was 
discovered in 1810, of great strength, of which 30 
gallons of water produced 1 bushel of fine salt. 
The location of this place, on the line of the 
western railroad, and at the junction of 2 impor- 
tant canals, gives it great facilities for trade, and 
its growth has been rapid. 

Syracuse, p-v., Kosciusko co., la., 141 n. by 
e. Indianapolis, 596 W. 



T. 



Taberg, p-v., Annsville t., Oneida co., N. Y., 
118 w. n. w. Albany, 402 W. Situated on Fish 
cr., and contains 1 church, 1 store, 2 grist m., 
several saw m., 1 blast furnace, and from 20 to 
25 dwellings. 

Table Grove, p-o., Fulton co., 111., 71 n. w. 
Springfield, 819 W. The grove from which it is 
named, is a beautiiul tract of timber, of from 150 
to 200 acres, elevated and commanding a delight- 
ful prospect. 

Tabor Church, p-o., Iredell co., N. C, 159 w. 
Raleigh, 372 W. Situated in the w. part of the co. 

Tacoah, p-o., Gilmer co , Ga., 194 n. n. w. 
Miliedgeville, 622 W. 

Tacketts Mill, p-o., Shafford co., Va. 

Tafton, p-v., Pike co.. Pa., 175 n. e. Harris- 
burg, 269 W. 

Taftsville, p-v., Windsor co., Vt., 54 s. 
Montpelier, 488 W. 

Taghkanic, p-t., Columbia co., N. Y'., 12 e. 
Hudson, 41 s. Albany, 317 W. The surface is 
hilly and mountainous ; soil, clay, loam, and 
gravel, and very fertile in the valleys. Draineil 
by Copake cr. It has 2 stores, cap. $1,.500 ; 2 
fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 flouring m., 2 grist 
m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,900. 6 sch. 
403 scholars. Pop. 1,674. 

Taghkanic, mts., N. Y.. a range in the e. part 
of the stale, 50 ms. long, near the slate line, com- 
mencing in Rensselaer co., and entering Mass., 
and extending tluough Columbia and Dutchess 



counties. Its highest summits are in Sheffield, 
in the s. w. corner of Mass., about 3,000 feet 
above tidewater. They are a branch of the 
Green mountains, and divide the waters which 
flow into Hudson r. from those which enter Long 
Island sound. 

Talking Rock, p-o., Gilmer co., Ga., 176 n. 
w. Miliedgeville, 627 W. 

Talbot, county, Md. Situated toward the e. 
part of the stale, on the e. shore of Chesapeake 
bay, and cimtains 250 sq. ms. Choptank river 
bounds it on the e. Several bays set up from the 
Chesapeake, the chief of which are Treadhaven 
and St. Michaels. Wye r. bounds it on the n. 
w. Capital, Eastoii. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 8,85i), sheep 9,640, swine 14,298; wheat 
222,822 bush, produced, rye 4,494, Ind. corn 
517,239, buckwheat 34, oats 40,151, potatoes 
20,224, tobacco 225 ; 1 commission house, cap. 
$4,000 ; 29 stores, cap. $35,550 ; 2 tanneries, 1 
distillery, 6 grist m., 1 saw m., 2 printing offices, 
1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $19,000. 
4 acad. 78 studenLs, 21 sch. 370 scholars. Pop. 
i whites 6,063, slaves 3,637, free col'd 2,340 ; total, 
12,090. 

Talbot, county, Ga. Situated s. e. of the 
centre of the stale, and contains 40i) square 
miles. Flint river bounds it on the \. e., 
by branches of which it is drained. In the w. 
part some small streams flow to Chattahoochee 
r. Capital, Talbotton. There were in 1840, 



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648 



TAM 



neat cattle 15,822, sheep 6,342, swine 46,025 ; 
wheat 71,743 bush, produced, rye 1,705, Indian 
corn 671,430, oats 33,S50, potatoes 16,755, cotton 
6,772,393 pounds; 31 stores, cap. $199,000; 5 
tanperies, 4 flouring m., 38 grist m., 34 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $99,500. 2 acad. 101 students, 
17 sch. 610 scholars. Pop. whites 8,861, slaves 
6,746, free col'd 20 ; total, 15,627. 

Talbotton, p-v., capital of Talbot co., Ga., 92 
w. s. w. Milledgeville, 726 W. It contains a 
court house, jail, several stores, 2 churches — 1 
Baptist and 1 Methodist — 2 academies, and about 
800 inhabitants. 

Talladega, county, Ala. Situated toward 
the E. part of the state, and contains 1,230 sq. ms. 
Coosa r. forms its w. boundary, by branches of 
whichandofTallapoosar.it is drained. Capi- 
tal, Talladega. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
16,826, sheep 3,825, swine 3J,803 ; wheat 41,106 
bush, produced, Ind. corn 610,357, oats 26,218, 
potatoes 24,005, rice 2,495 pounds, tobacco 6,028, 
cotton 2,610,121 ; 17 stores, cap. $107,925; 3 tan- 
neries, 1 distillery, 15 grist m., 11 saw m., 1 print- 
ing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $50,632. 6 acad. 182 students, 15 sch. 358 
scholars. Pop. whites 7,663, slaves 4,898, free 
col'd 26 ; total, 12,587. 

Talladega, p-v., capital of Talladega co., 
Ala., 116 E. Tuscaloosa, 757 W. Situated on a 
branch of Coosa r., and contains a court house, 
jail, and about 600 inhabitants. 

Taliaferro, county, Ga. Situated n. e. of 
the centre of the state, and contains 130 sq. ms. 
Drained by branches of Little r. which flows in- 
to Savannah r., and by branches of Ogeechee r. 
Capital, Crawfordsville. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 5,487, sheep 3,527, swine 12,215; 
wheat 16,627 bush, produced, Ind. corn 165,411, 
oats 21,336, potatoes 5,136, tobacco 410 pounds, 
cotton 1,486,406; 10 stores, cap. $34,000; 1 tan- 
nery, 9 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufactures, 
$6,000. 6 sch. 201 scholars. Pop. whites 2,295, 
slaves 2,856, free col'd 39 ; total, 5,190. 

Tallahassee, city, and capital of Leon co., 
and of the Territory of Florida, 20 n. St. Marks, 
292 w. St. Augustine, 896 W. It is situated on a 
commanding eminence. A fine mill stream flow- 
ing from several springs, runs on its e. border, 
falls 15 or 16 feet into a pool scooped out by its 
own current, and after running a short distance, 
sinks into a cleft of limestone rock. The city 
contains a state house, court house, jail, a market 
house, a U. S. land oflice, an academy, masonic 
liall, 3 churches — 1 Episcopal, 1 Methodist, and 1 
Presbyterian — a bank, Sprinting oflices, 3 week- 
ly newspapers, a tannery, about 30 stores, 400 
dwellings, and 1,616 inhabitants. In the winter 
of 1842 it contained about 2,500 inhabitants. It 
is regularly laid out, and has several public 
squares. 

Tallahatchee, county, Miss. Situated to- 
ward the N. w. part of the state, and contains 
1,188 sq. ms. Drained by Tallahatchee r. and its 
branches. Capital, Charleston. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 4,737, sheep 890, swine 10,259 ; 
wheat 1,887 bush, produced, Ind. corn 136,760, 
oats 7,046, potatoes 11,930, cotton 1,596,965 
pounds ; 5 grist m., 2 saw m., 3 sch. 48 scholars. 
Pop. whites 1,392, slaves 1,591, free col'd 2 : total, 
2,985. 

Tallapoosa, r., Ga. and Ala., rises in Carroll 
CO., Ga., and flows s. w. into Ala., where, by a 
various course, it receives numerous small tribu- 
taries, and becomes a large r., and joining with 
the Coosa r., between Montgomery and Autauga 
counties, the united stream forms the Alabama 
river. 



Tallapoosa, county, Ala. Situated toward 
the E. part of the state, and contains 910 sq. ms. 
Drained by Tallapoosa r. and its branches. Cap- 
ital, Dadeville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
11,991, sheep 1,025, swine 13,738; wheat 11,633 
bush, produced, Ind. corn 159,580, oats 2,803, po- 
tatoes 10,484, tobacco 1,550 pounds, cotton 
217,609; 12 stores, cap. $41,5.50 ; 3 tanneries, 3 
distilleries, 8 flouring m., 19 grist m., 13 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $60,740. 1 acad., 10 sch. 248 
scholars. Pop. whites 4,424, slaves 2,013, free 
col'd 7 ; total, 6,444. 

Tallapoosa, p o., Carroll co., Ga., Ii3 w. n. 
w. Milledgeville, 741 W. 

Tallassee, p-v., Tallapoosa co., Ala., 134 E. 
s. E. Tuscaloosa, 814 W. Situated on the e. side 
of Tallapoosa r. It contains several stores and 
about 100 inhabitants. 

Tallmadge, p-t.. Summit co., O., 128 n. e. 
Columbus, 332 W. Watered by Cuyahoga r. 
The soil is fertile and well cultivated. The 
Pennsylvania and Ohio canal passes through it. 
In the N. w. part is an extensive bed of bitumin- 
ous coal, which is wrought and exported. The 
v. at the centre is pleasantly situated around a 
public square, from which the roads diverge to 
the diflferent parts of the t., and contains a Con- 
gregational church, a store, a large carriage fac, 
an academy, and a number of dwellings. The t. 
also contains the flourishing v. of Middlebury, 
and a part of the large v. of Cuyahoga Falls, 
which see. It has 8 stores, cap. $62,5 JO ; 2 fur- 
naces, 1 forge, 2 tanneries, 1 brewery, 2 paper fac, 
1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 2 flouring 
m., 3 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufactures 
$123,890. 1 acad. 35 students, 9 sch. 273 schol- 
ars. Pop. 2,134. 

Tallmadge, p-t., Ottowa co., Mich., 181 w. 
N. w. Detroit, 662 W. It has 1 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $15,000. Pop. 139. 

Tallmadge, t., Oceana co., Mich. Popula- 
tion 139. 

Tallmansville, p-o., Wayne co., Pa., 195 n. 
e. Ilarrisburg, 289 W. 

Talleyville, po.. New Castle co., Del. 

Tally Ho, p-o., Granville co., N. C, 43 n. 
Raleigh, 266 W. 

Talofa, p-o., Madison co., Flor. 

Tamaqua, p-b., Schuylkill co.. Pa., 79 n. e. 
Harrisburg, 189 W. Situated on Tamaqua or 
Little Schuylkill r., at the n. termination of the 
railroad communication with Port Clinton. It 
was founded in 1829, and contains 3 stores, and 
about 35 dwellings. It is surrounded by abun- 
dance of excellent anthracite coal, in a wild, 
mountainous, and sterile country. It is chiefly 
dependent on the coal trade. It has 3 stores, 
cap. $18,000 ; 1 brewery. Cap. in manufactures 
$1,720. Pop. 465. 

Tamarwa, p-v., St. Clair co., 111., 114 s. by 
w. Springfield, 823 W. Pleasantly situated in 
an elevated situation on the w. side of Kaskas- 
kia r., at the lower end of Twelve Mile prairie. 

Tampa, bay, Flor., called by the Spaniards, 
Espiritu Santo, is the largest bay in the Gulf of 
Mexico. It is 40 ms. long, and in one place 35 
wide, with from 15 to 20 ieet of water on ihe bar. 
It is easy of access, and affords a sale anchorage 
for any number of vessels. It receives Hills- 
boro r., and at its mouth is Brock Cantonment, 
beautifully situated. 14 ms. s. e. from this, 
Manate r. enters, about 1 mile wide at its mouth, 
and in some places lOfeetdeep. Between these 
rivers, Indian and Alafia rivers enter the bay. 
Oyster r. enters 20 ms. below Manate r. Little 
Tampa bay, in its n. part, is an elliptical basin, 
10 ms, in diameterj but very shallow. There are 



TAR 



649 



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numerous islands at the mouth of Tampa bay, 
and it abounds with fish and water fowls. 

Tampa, p-v., and capital of Hillsboro' cc, Flor. 
Situated at the head of Tampa bay. 

Tamworth, p-t., Carroli co., N. H., 53 N. Con- 
cord, 539 W. The surface consists of ridges and 
valleys, and is uneven and rough ; soil, generally 
fertile. Watered by Bearcamp r., which flows 
into Ossipee lake, and Conway r., its branch, and 
by headwaters of Swift r. These streams afford 
good water power. Chartered in 1766, first set- 
tled in 1771. It has 3 stores, cap. $3,700 ; 1 full- 
ing m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,070. 19 
sch. 672 scholars. Pop. 1,717. 

Taney, county, Mo. Situated in the s., to- 
ward the w. part of the state, and contains 1,426 
sq. ms. Drained by White r. and its branches. 
Capital, Forsyth. There were in 1840, neat cat- 
tle 8,133, sheep 2,424, swine 11,496; wheat 6,896 
bush, produced, Lnd. corn 182,102, oats 5,577, po- 
tatoes 3,844, tobacco 17,205 pounds, cotton 10,650, 
sugar 5,900 ; 3 stores, cap. !$2,600 ; 3 distilleries, 
12 grist m.,6 saw m. Pop. whites 2,212, slaves 40, 
free col'd 12 ; total, 2,264. 

Taneytown, p-v., Carroll co., Md., 22 n. n. 
E. Frederick, 71 \. n. w. Annapolis, 68 W. It con- 
tains a number of mills, and some iron works, 
and about 200 inhabitants. 

Tangipahao, r., Miss, and La., rises in Pike 
and Amiie counties of the former, and flows .s. 
into the latter, and pursues a course s. by e. to 
its entrance into Lake Pontchartrain, between 
St. Tammany and Livingston parishes. It is 
about 80 miles long. 

Tangier Islands, Va., in Chesapeake bay, in 
the N. part of the mouth of Pocomoke bay. 

Taneyville, p-v., Lycoming co.. Pa. 

Tanner's Creek, p-o., Dearborn co., la. 

Tanner's Store, p o., Mecklenburg co., Va., 
89 s. w. Richmond, 203 W. 

Tannersville, p-v., Hunter t., Greene co., 
N. Y., 50 s. w. Albany, 352 W. 

Tannersville, p-v., Monroe co.. Pa., 124 n. 
E. Harrisburg, 218 W. 

Tappahannoc, port of entry, and capital of 
Esse.ic county, Va., 50 n. e. by e. Richmond, 112 
W. Situated on the s. w. side of Rappahannock 
r., 30 miles from its mouth in Chesapeake bay. 
The situation is low and unhealthy. It contains 
a court house, jail, 1 church, free to all denomi- 
nations, a female seminary, 4 stores, 30 dwell- 
ings, and about 300 inhabitants. It has a good 
harbor. All the shipping belonging to the towns 
on the r. is entered at the custom house at this 
place. Tonnage 1840, 4,591. 

Tappan, p-o., Harri.son, O., 110 e. n. e. Colum- 
bus, 299 W. 

Tappan, baj", N. Y., is an expansion of Hudson 
T., 22 miles n. of New York City, 10 or 12 miles 
long, and from 2 to 3 miles wide. The country 
on its borders is highly picturesque. At the ter- 
mination of the New Vork and Erie railroad, on 
its w. side, a wharf has been extended into it one 
mile long, to which steamboats of the largest 
class can come. 

Tappan TOWN, p-v., Orangetown t., Rockland 
CO., N. Y., 134 s. by w. Albany, 256 W. Situ- 
ated 3 miles w. of Hudson river. It contains 2 
churches, 2 stores, 1 grist m., 20 dwellings, and 
about 125 inhabitants; It is surrounded by a 
i'ertile and highly cultivated country. Here 
Major Andre was executed as a spy, Oct. 2d, 
1780. His remains have since been removed to 
England, and interred in Westminster Abbey. 

Tarboro', p-v., capital of Edgecombe co., N. 
C, 76 E. by N. Raleigh, 262 W. Situated on the 
w. side of Tar r., at the head of steamboat navi- 
82 



gation, 85 miles above its mouth, in Pamlico 
sound. It contains a court house, jail, a bank, an 
academy, and about 600 inhabitants. 

Tar, r., N. C, rises in Person co., and flowing, 
in a general course, s. e. by e., it receives in 
Edgecombe co. Fishing cr., a large branch from 
the N., and below Washington it expands into a 
wide estuary, which is denominated Pamlico r., 
until it enters Pamlico sound. Its entire length 
is about 180 miles. Vessels drawing 9 feet of 
water navigate it to Washington, and small 
steamboats to Tarborough. 

Tarentu.vi, p-v., Deer t., Alleghany co.. Pa., 
204 w. by N. Harrisburg, 235 W. Situated on 
the N. w. side of Alleghany r., and on the Penn- 
sylvania canal, 18 or 20 miles above Pittsburg, 
and contains about 40 dwellings. 

Tariff, p-o., Butler co., O., 117 w. s. w. Co- 
lumbus, 505 W. 

Tariffville, p-v., Simsbury t., Hartford Co., 
Ct., 12 N. Hartford, 318 W. Situated on the w. 
bank of Farmington r. It contains an Episcopal 
church, and a large carpet fac, employing 175 
laborers, and producing, annually, about 132,000 
yds. of ingrain carpeting. 

Tarlton, p-v., Salt Creek t., Pickawav co., 
O., 10 N. Circleville, 46 s. Columbus, 391 W. It 
contains 1 Methodist, 1 German Lutheran, and 1 
Presbyterian church, 5 stores, numerous me- 
chanic shops, 2 tanneries, 60 dwellings, and about 
360 inhabitants. 

Tarpaulin Cove, Mass., 9 w. n. w. Holmes 
Hole, on the s. e. side of Nashawn island. It is 
a good harbor. 

Farrytow.n, p-v., Greenburg t., Westches- 
ter CO., N. Y., 122 s. Albany, 252 W. Situated 
on the E. bank of Hudson r., and contains 3 
churches, 7 stores, a female academy, the Irving 
Institute, 10!) dwellings, and about 1,000 inhabit- 
ants. Here Jilajor Andre was captured in the 
revolutionary war. North of the v. is "Sleepy 
Hollow," rendered famous by the legend of 
Washington Irving. Steamboats run daily to 
New York, and several sloops are owned here, 
employed in the river trade. 

Tarversville, p-v., Twiggs co., Ga., 50 s. s. 
w. Millcdgeville, 6.t8 W. It contains an acade- 
my, 2 stores and several dwellings. 

Tassinong, p-o., Porter co., la., 126 n. n. w. 
Indianapolis, 6S5 W. 

T.iTE, t., Clermont co., O. It has 5 stores, 
cap. §8,3;)0 ; 3 tanneries, 3 grist m., 3 saw m., 1 
oil m. Cap. in manufac. §8,325. 7 sch. 358 
scholars. Pop. 2,364. 

Tatnall, county, Ga. Situated toward the 
s. E. part of the state, and contains 1,000 sq. ms. 
Altaniaha r. bounds it on the s. w., and Cannou- 
chee r. on the n. e. Drained by the Great Ohoo- 
pee r. and Little Cannouchee r., and Pendleton's 
and Beard's creeks. Capital, Ileidsville. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 2,677, sheep 443, swine 
2,107; wheat 526 bushels produced, Indian corn 
9,259, potatoes 4,201, cotton 9,5S7 pounds, sugar 
1,H63 ; 1 store, 4 grist m., 3 saw m. Pop. whites 
1,878, slaves 841, free col'd 5 ; total, 2,724. 

Taunton, r., Mass., rises in Plymouth county, 
and running s. w. falls into Mount Hope bay, a 
branch of Narraganset bay. It is navigable for 
sloops of .30 tons, twenty miles, to Taimton. 
It affords extensive water power. Alewives are 
abundantly taken in it. 

Tau.nton, p-t., and semi-capital of Bristol co., 
Mass., is situated on Taunton r., which is navi- 
gable to this place for small vessels, 20 e. by n. 
Providence, 32i s. Boston, 420 W. Pop. 1830, 
6,042 ; 1840, 7,645. First settled in 1637. Canoe 
and Ruralbrd rivers join Taunton r. in this town, 



TAZ 



650 



TED 



and furnish extensive water power, wliicli has 
been well improved in manufacturing. The 
town contains some good land, which is well 
cultivated ; but the inhabitants depend chiefly 
upon manufactures. The village contains a 
court house, a jail, a town house, 3 banks, and 8 
churches — ■! Congregational, 2 Baptist, 1 Episco- 
pal, 1 Methodist, and 1 Roman Catholic. Iron 
works were established here as early as 1652, and 
among its manufactures that of nails is particu- 
larly distinguished. A railroad connects this 
place with Boston, and also with New Bedford. 
There are in the t. 62 stores, cap. $139,800; 4 
lumber yards, cap. $19,000 ; 2 furnaces and 2 
forges ; hardware and cutlery manufactured to 
the value of $50,000 ; 1 fulling m., 6 cotton fac. 
19,956 sp., 1 dyeing and printing estab., 1 tan- 
nery, 1 pottery, 12 saw m., 1 paper fac, 3 print- 
ing offices, 2 binderies, 2 weekly newspapers. 
Cap. in manufac. $622,950. 2 acad. 179 students, 
43 sch. 1,900 scholars. 

Taxahavv, p-o., Lancaster dist., S. C, 89 n. 
by E. Columbia, 451 W. 

Tayciieida, p-v.. Fond du Lac co., Wis., 92 n. 
E. Madison, 949 W. 

Taylors Bridge, p-o., Sampson co., N. C, 
106 s. s. E. Raleigh, 336 W. 

Tayi^ors Creek, t., Hardin co., O. It has 1 
saw m., 2 sch. 36 scholars. Pop. 400. 

Taylors Mills, p-o., Marion co., Mo., 119 n. 
N. E. Jefferson City, 933 W. 

Taylors Stand, p-o., Crawford co., Pa., 249 
N. w. Harrisburg, 326 W. 

Taylors Store, p-o., Franklin co., Va., 169 
w. by s. Richmond, 244 W. 

Taylorstow.v, p-v., Buffalo t., Washington 
CO., Pa., 216 w. Harrisburg, 244 W. It contains 
several stores, and about 40 dwellings. 

Taylorsville, p-v.. Upper Makefield t., 
Bucks CO., Pa., 116 e. Harrisburg, 166 W. Situ- 
ated on the s. w. side of Delaware r., and con- 
tains a store and about 10 dwellings. Here is a 
ferry across the Delaware r., and an act of the 
assembly was passed in 1831 for the erection of a 
bridge. 

Taylorsville, p-v., Hanover co., Va., 22 n. 
Richmond, 95 W. Situated at the junction of 
Newfound and South Anna rivers, and at the 
junction of the Richmond, Fredericksburg, and 
Loui.sa railroads. It contains about 100 inhabit- 
ants. 

Taylorsville, p-v., capital of Patrick co., 
Va. Situated on Mayo r., and contains a court 
house, jail, 2 stores, 1 flouring m., 2 tobacco fac, 
1 tannery, 40 dwellings, and about 300 inhabit- 
ants. (See Patrick C. H.) 

Taylorsville, p-o., Fairfield dist., S. C, 18 
N. Columbia, 487 W. 

Taylorsville, p-v., capital of Johnson co., 
Tenn., 332 e. by n. Nashville, 392 W. Situated 
N. of Roan's cr., a branch of Wataga r., and con- 
tains a court house, jail, and about 75 inhabit- 
ants. 

Taylorsville, p-t., capital of Spencer co., 
Ky., 35 s. E. Louisville, 39 w. s. w. Frankfort, 5S1 
W. Situated on the n. side of Salt r., at the 
junction of Brashear's cr., and contains a court 
house, jail, a church, and 398 inhabitants. 

Taylorsville, t., Muskingum co., O. It has 
3 sch. 122 scholars. Pop. 785. 

Taylorsville, p-v.. Christian co.. 111., 26 s. 
E. Springfield, 754 W. 

Tazewell, county, Va. Situated in the s. w. 
part of the state, and contains 1,600 square miles. 
Drained by Tug fork of Sandy r. and its branch- 
es, and by head waters of Holslon and Clinch 
rivers, and tributaries of Great Kanawha river. 



The surface is elevated, and in some parts moun- 
tainous. Capital, Jeffersonville. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 10,460, sheep 11,170, swine 
14,656 ; wheat 33,688 bushels produced, rye 
12,965, Ind. corn 149,973, buckwheat 2,103, oats 
126,432, potatoes 15,598, sugar 43,664 pounds ; 
6 stores, cap. $41,000; 4 tanneries, 32 distille- 
ries, 14 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
.$11,130. Pop. whites 5,466, slaves 786, free 
col'd 3S ; total, 6,290. 

Tazewell, county, Bl. Situated a little n. 
of the centre of the state, and contains 1,130 sq. 
miles. Organized in 1827, from Peoria co. Illi- 
nois r. runs on its n. w. border. Drained by 
Mackinaw r., and by branches of Sangamon r. 
The surface is level, or slightly undulating ; soil, 
partly sandy prairie, and partly timbered with 
oak, and fertile. There are some swamps. 
Capital, Tremont. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 7,785, sheep 5,422, swine 19,973; wheat 
154,263 bushels produced, rye 1,844, Indian corn 
423,751, buckwheat 1,203, barley 4,553, oats 
73,630, potatoes 40,272, sugar 4,247 pounds ; 14 
stores, cap. $29,450 ; 1 tannery, 3 dislillerie.s, 2 
potteries, 2 flouring ra., 5 grist m., 12 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac $48,000. 4 acad. 191 students, 
10 sch. 220 scholars. Pop. 7,221 . 

Tazewell, p-v., capital of Marion co.,Ga., 110 
s. w. Milledgeville, 764 W. Situated on the e. 
side of S. Whitewater cr., a branch of Flint r. 
It contains a court house, jail, an academy, a 
church, several stores, and 25 dwellings. 

Tazewell, p-v., capital of Claiborne co.,Tenn., 
221 E. by N. Nashville, 473 W. Situated near 
the source of Russell's cr., a tributary of Pow- 
ell's r. It contains a court house, jail, and about 
100 dwellings. 

Tazewell, C. H., p-v., capital of Tazewell co., 
Va., 284 w. by s. Richmond, 339 W. It has re- 
ceived the name of Jeffersonville. Situated on the 
s. side of the n. fork of Clinch r. It contains a 
court house, jail, 1 church, free to all denomina- 
tions, 4 stores, 1 flouring m., 1 tannery, 25 dwell- 
ings, and about 175 inhabitants. 

TcHOCUiNNA, r., Ga., rises in Monroe co., nins 
s. e. and enters Ocmulgee r., between Houston 
and Bibb counties. It is about 40 ins. long. 

TciiULA, p-v.. Holmes co.. Miss., 77 n. Jack- 
son, 1,012 W. Situated on the e. side of Yazoo 
r., near the s. point of a s. bend in the r., and 
contains about 200 inhabitants. 

Teachy's, p-o., and depot, Duplin co., N. C, 
93 s. s. E. Raleigh, 328 W. 

Teaze's Valley, p-o., Kanawha co., Va., 
334 w. N. w. Richmond, 371 W. 

Teavo, t., Rives co.. Mo. It has 5 sch. 93 
scholars. Pop. 852. 

Teciie, r.. La., rises in Rapides parish, near 
Red r., and flowing by a winding course, 
generally s. s. e., it enters the outlet of Cheti- 
maches lake in St. Mary's par. Its channel is 
deep, and the tide flows up it, over lUO ins. Like 
the iMississippi, the r. is higher than the adjoin- 
ing,country, excepting its immediate banks. It 
has 8 feet of water on its bar, and 20 feet within, 
and is navigable 100 ms. to New Iberia. It is 
about 180 ms. long, and is 200 yds. wide at its 
mouth. 

Tecumseii, p-t., Lenawee co., Mich., 57 s. w. 
Detroit, 511 W. Watered by Raisin r. It has 
3 com. houses, cap. $7,000 ; 12 stores, cap. 
$70,330 ; 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 1 printing office, 
1 weekly newspaper, 2 flouring m., 2 grist m., 2 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $160,000. 1 college, 
20 students, 12 sch. 803 scholars. Pop. 2,503. 

Tedrow, p-o., Lucas co., O., 15S n.w. Colum- 
bus, 489 W. 



TEN 



651 



TEN 



Tee, t., Carroll co., O. It has 4 sell. 116 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,372. 

Tekonsha, p-t., Calhoun co., Mich., 105 w. 
Detroit, 566 W. The soil is fertile, adapted to 
grain. The v. is situated on St. Joseph'.* r., and 
contains 2 stores, 1 saw m., and ahout 200 in- 
habitants. There are in the t. 1 store, cap. 
$2,800; 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,100. 4 
sell. 125 scholars. Pop. 375. 

Telf.\ir, county, Ga. Centrally situated to- 
ward the s. part of the state, and contains 950 
sq. ms. Drained by Ocmulgee r., which hounds 
it on the s. w. and crosses it, and its branches, 
the principal of which arc Turnpike, Horse and 
White creeks, and by the head waters of Santilla 
r. Capital, Jacksonville. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 12,939, sheep 2,578, swine 1,015; 
wheat 3,321 bush, produced, Ind. corn 43,192, 
oats 1,13S, potatoes 18,939, rice 3.450 pounds, 
tobacco 100, cotton 80,780, sugar 22,510 ; 8 stores, 
cap. $18,600; 1 tannery, 7 grist m., 13 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $104,450. 7 sch. 165 .scholars. 
Pop. whites 2,001, slaves 757, free col'd 5 ; total, 
2,763. 

Tellico Pl.\ins, p-o., Monroe co., Tenn., 173 
E. s. E. Nashville, 555 W. 

Teloga Springs, po., Chatooga co., Ga., 191 
N. w. Milledgeville, 615 W. 

Temperance Village, p-o., Alleghany co.. Pa. 

Temperance, p-o., Amherst co., Va., 118 w. 
Richmond, 170 W. 

Temperance, p-o., Telfair co., Ga., 104 s. by 
E. Milledgeville, 751 W. 

Temperance Hill, p-o., Moore co., N. C, 73 
s. w. Raleigh, 361 W. 

Tempest Vallev, p-o., Washington co., Tenn. 

Temple, pt., Hillsboro' co., N. H., 44 s. s. w. 
Concord, 455 W. Drained by branches of 
Souhegan r. It has 1 store, cap. $2,500 ; 1 tan- 
nery, 5 sch. 133 scholars. Pop. 576. 

Temple, t., Franklin co.. Me., 40 n. n. w. 
Augusta. The soil Is fertile, adapted to grain. 
It has no considerable streams. Sandy cr. runs 
near its e. border. It has 3 grist m., 4 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $6,425. 2 sch. 79 scholars. 
Pop. 955. 

Te.mple Mills, p-o., Temple t., Franklin co., 
Me., 38 N. N. w. Augusta, 619 W. 

Temple of Health, p-o., Abbeville dist., S. 
C, 107 w. Columbia, 530 W. 

Templeton, p-t., Worcester co., Mass., 61 w. 
N. w. Boston, 411 W. Tlie surface is moderately 
uneven ; soil, adapted to grazing in its more ele- 
vated parts, and to grain in the valleys. Wa- 
tered by branches of Miller's and Chicapce 
rivers. The v. contains 2 churches — 1 Congre- 
gational and 1 Unitarian — and about 30 dwell- 
ings. Incorporated in 1762. There are in the t. 
4 stores, cap. $30,000 ; 8 fulling m., 2 woollen 



fac, 1 furnace, 4 tanneries, 2 grist m., 16 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $153,800. 10 sch. 480 scholars. 
Pop. 1,776. 

Templeton, p-v.. Prince George co., Va., 36 
s. E. Richmond, 156 W. 

Te.n Islands, p-o., Benton co., Ala., 114 E. N. 
E. Tuscaloosa, 737 W. 

Ten Mile, p-o., Washington co.. Pa., 223 w. 
Harrisburg, 239 W. The cr. which gives it its 
name, is a considerable branch of 3Ionongahela r. 

Ten Mile River, p-o., Sullivan co., N. Y., 
137 s. w. Albany, 287 W. 

Ten Mile Spring, p-o., Cattaraugus co., 
iN. Y. 

Ten Mile Stand, p-o., Meigs co., Tenn., 152 
e. s. e. Nashville, 556 W. 

Tennessee river runs chiefly in the state of 
the same name, and is the largest tributary of the 
Ohio. Its most remote sources are Clinch r. 
and Ilolston r., which rises in the Alleghany 
mountains in Virginia. Its other head branches 
are Nolachucky, French Broad, Tellico and 
Richland. The ilolston and Clinch, of which 
the others are branches, unite about 45 miles s. 
of w. from Knoxvillc, forming the Tennessee 
proper, which then pursues a s. w. direction 
across the state, and enters the state of Alabama, 
in which it pursues a westerly course for 150 or 
200 miles, and then turns n., and crosses the state 
of Tennessee, and the western part of Kentucky, 
and enters the Ohio lU ms. below the mouth of 
Cumberland river, and 47i miles above the 
entrance of the Ohio into the Mississippi, by tiie 
course of the river. It receives, through its 
whole course, many tributaries, none of which 
are of very great extent. The whole descent of 
the river from its most remote source to its mouth, 
is about 1,700 feet ; its whole length by the course 
of the river is nearly 1,200 miles, being longer 
tlian the Ohio below Pittsburg. It drains a sur- 
face of 41,000 square miles. There are no per- 
pendicular falls, and few rapids which obstruct 
navigation, through its whole course. The 
greatest obstruction is the Muscle shoals in Ala- 
bama. Florence, at the foot of these rapids on 
the N. side, is 259 miles from its mouth, and to 
this distance steamboats come, during high wa- 
ter. A canal has been made around these shoals 
36 miles in length, but is designed to be extend- 
ed further ; and above, the navigation for boats is 
unobstructed for 250 miles. At that distance 
occurs the suck or whirl, in which the river 
passes a large projecting rock on the n. side, 
causing a sudden bend in the river, which pro- 
duces the whirl. The whirl is at the entrance 
into the Cuniberlaiid mountains, above which the 
country is rough, and the navigation is more dif- 
ficult. The river being rapid, is chiefly favora- 
ble to navigation down the stream. 



TENNESSEE. 

Tennessee, one of the western United States, is bounded n. by Kentucky ; e. by North Caro- 
lina ; s. by Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi ; and w. by the Mississippi river, which separates it 
from Arkansas and Missouri. It lies between 35° and 36° 30' n. lat., and between 81° 30' and 90° 
10' w. Ion., and between 4° 39' and 13° 14' w. from W. It is at its mean length 400 miles, and its 
mean breadth 114 miles; containing 45,600 square miles, or 29,184,000 acres. The population in 
1790, was 35,691 ; in 1800, 105,602 ; in 1810, 261,727; in 1820, 422,813; in 1830, 681,904; in 1840, 
829,210, of which 183,059 were slaves. Of the free population 325,434 were while males ; 315,193 
do. females ; 2,796 free colored males ; 2,728 do. females. Employed in agriculture, 227,739 ; in 
commerce, 2,217; in manufactures and trades, 17,815; navigating the ocean, rivers, &c., 357; 
learned professions, 2,042. 

This state is divided into 72 counties, which, with their population in 1840, and their capitals, 
were as follows : Easlem District— Anderson, 5,658, Clinton ; Bledsoe, 5,676, Pikeville ; Blount, 



TEN 652 TEN 

11,745, Marysville; Bradley, 7,385, Cleveland ; Campbell, 6,149, Jacksborough; Carter, 5,372, 
Elizabethtown ; Claiborne, 9,474, Tazewell ; Cocke, 6,992, Newport; Granger, 10,572, Rut- 
ledge; Greene, 16,076, Greene ville ; Hamilton, 8,175, Dallas; Hawkins, 15,035, Rogersville 
Jefferson, 12,076, Dandridge ; Johnson, 2,653, Taylorsville ; Knox, 15,485, Knoxville ; Marion, 
6,070, Jasper ; McMinn, 12,719, Athens ; Meigs, 4,794, Decatur ; Monroe, 12,056, Madisonville ; 
Morgan, 2,660, Montgomery ; Polk, 3,570, Bentonville ; Rhea, 3,985, Washington ; Roane, 
10,948, Kingston; Sevier, 6,442, Sevierville ; Sullivan, 10,736, Blountville ; Washington, 
11,751, Jonesborough. Middle District— Bedford, 20,546, Shelbyville ; Cannon, 7,193, Wood- 
bury ; Coffee, 8,184, Manchester; Davidson, 30,509, Nashville; De Kalb, 5,868, Smithville ; 
Dickson, 7,074, Charlotte ; Fentress, 3,550, Jamestown ; Franklin, 12,033, Winchester; Giles, 
21,494, Pulaski; Hickman, 8,618, Cenireville ; Humphreys, 5,195, Reynoldsburg ; Jackson, 
12,872, Gainesborough ; Lawrence, 7,121, Lawrenceburg ; Lincoln, 21,493, Fayetteville ; Mar- 
shal, 14,555, Levvisburg; Maury, 28,186, Columbia; Montgomery, 16,927, Clarksville ; Over- 
ton, 9,279, Monroe ; Robertson, 13,801, Springfield ; Rutherford, 24,280, Murfreesborough ; 
Smith, 21,179, Carthage ; Sumner, 22,445, Gallatin ; Stewart, 8,587, Dover; Warren, 10,803, 
McMinnville ; Wayne, 7,705, Waynesborough ; White, 10,747, Sparta ; Williamson, 27,006, 
Franklin; Wilson, 24,460, Lebanon. Western District — Benton, 4,772, Camden; Carroll, 
12,362, Huntingdon ; Dyer, 4,484, Dyersburg ; Fayette, 21,501, Somerville ; Gibson, 13,689, 
Trenton; Hardeman, 14,563, Bolivar ; Hardin, 8,245, Savannah; Haywood, 13,870, Browns- 
ville; Henderson, 11,875, Lexington; Henry, 14,906, Paris; Lauderdale, 3,435, Ripley; 
Madison, 16,530, Jackson; McNairy, 9,385, Purdy ; Obion, 4,814, Troy ; Perry, 7,419, Perry- 
ville; Shelby, 14,721, Raleigh; Tipton, 6,800, Covington ; Weakley, 9,870, Dresden. 

Nashville, on the s. bank of Cumberland river, is the seat of government. 

Cumberland mountains run through the middle of the state, in the direction of N. E. and s. w., 
dividing it into two parts, denominated East Tennessee and West Tennessee. The western part of 
Tennessee is level, or gently undulating ; in the middle it is hilly. East Tennessee abounds in 
mountains, many of them elevated, presenting much grand and picturesque scenery. Of the 
mountains, Cumberland, or Great Laurel ridge, is the most remarkable. It nowhe'-e has an eleva- 
tion of more than 1,000 feet. The names of the other mountains are Stone, Yellow, Iron, Bald, 
Smoky, and Unika, which form a chain in a n. e. and s. w. direction, and constitute the eastern 
boundary of the state. Northwest of these are Bay's mountain. Copper ridge. Clinch mountain, 
Powell's mountain, and Welling's ridge, with valleys between them from 5 to 10 miles wide. 
These valleys open passages for rivers and roads. Caves of great depth and extent are found 
throughout the state. 

The soil is various, but generally fertile. The western part has a black, rich soil ; in the middle 
are great quantities of excellent land ; in the eastern part the mountains are poor, but the valleys 
are very fertile. The country has a great profusion of native timber, poplar, hickory, walnut, oak, 
beach, sycamore, locust, cherry, sugar-maple, &c., and in some parts are great quantities of cane, 
very thick and strong. There are many medicinal plants, such as snakeroot, ginseng, Carolina 
pink, angelica, senna, anise, and spikenard. The soil produces abundantly cotton and tobacco, 
the staple commodities of the state ; also grain, grass, and fruit. Cattle are extensively exported 
from East Tennessee. 

In 1840 there were in this state, 341,409 horses and mules ; 822,851 neat cattle; 741,593 sheep; 
2,926,607 swine ; poultry valued at $606,969. There were produced 4,569,692 bushels of wheat ; 
4,809 of barley ; 7,035,678 of oats ; 304,320 of rye ; 17,118 of buckwheat ; 44,986,188 of Ind. corn ; 
1,060,332 pounds of wool ; 850 of hops ; 50,907 of wax ; 1,904,370 bushels of potatoes ; 31,233 tons 
of hay ; 3,344 of hemp and flax ; 29,550,432 pounds of tobacco ; 7,977 of rice ; 27,701,277 of cotton ; 
1,217 of silk cocoons ; 258,073 of sugar. The products of the dairy were valued at $472,141 ; and 
of the orchard at $367,105; value of lumber produced, $217,606 ; 3,336 barrels of tar, pitch, &.C., 
were made. 

A considerable portion of this state rests on a bed of limestone. Gypsum in large quantities has 
been discovered. Copperas, alum, nitre, and lead, are among the minerals, and some silver has 
been found. Saltpetre forms a considerable article of commerce. Many salt springs, and some 
valuable mineral springs, have been found. 

The climate is mild and generally healthy. The winter in Tennessee resembles the spring in 
New England. Snow seldom falls to a greater deptii than 10 inches, or lies longer than 10 days. 
Cumberland river has been frozen over but three or four times since the country was settled. Cat- 
tle are rarely sheltered in winter. Some low grounds in the western part of the slate are subject 
to bilious fevers and fever and ague, but they constitute but a very small portion of the state. 

The usual route to a market is down the Cumberland and Tennessee rivers to the Ohio, and 
thence to New Orleans. Foreign goods come extensively from the east through Pittsburgh. Cat- 
tle, in considerable numbers, are driven from East Tennessee to an eastern market. 

Tennessee river, though it has not its rise nor its entrance, has its chief course in this state. It 



TEN fir,3 TEN 

is 1,200 miles long, and is navigable fur steamboats to Florence in Alabama, 239 miles above its 
entrance into the Ohio, and for boats 250 miles further. Cumberland river rises in Kentucky, but 
runs mainly in Tennessee. It is navigable for steamboats 200 miles to Nashville, and for boats 
300 miles further. It enters the Ohio in Kentucky, 60 miles from the Mississippi. The Holston, 
Clinch, French Broad, and fliwassee, are branches of the Tennessee. Obion, Forked Deer, and 
Wolf rivers, in the western part of the state, flow into the Mississippi, and are navigable for boats. 

Nashville is the largest and most commercial place in the state. Knoxville, on the flolston 
river, is the principal town in East Tennessee, and was formerly the seat of government. Mur- 
freesborough, in West Tennessee, was formerly the seat of government, and is in the midst of a 
fertile country. Memphis, on the Mississippi, is a place of considerable business. Clarksville, 
Franklin, Jonesboro', Winchester, and Columbia, are considerable places. 

There were in 1840, 13 commercial and 52 commission houses engaged in foreign trade, with a 
capital of $1,495,100; 1,032 retail drygoods and other stores, with a capital of $7,357,300 ; 1,126 
persons employed in the lumber trade, with a capital of $6,700 ; 31 persons employed in internal 
transportation, who, with 5 butchers and packers, employed a capital of S9"',811. 

Tiie amount of home-made or family goods was $2,886,661. There were 26 woollen manufac- 
tories and 4 fulling mills, employing 45 persons, producing articles to the amount of $14,290, with 
a capital of $25,600 ; 38 cotton manufactories with 16,813 spindles, employing 1,542 persons, pro- 
ducing articles to the amount of $325,719, with a capital employed of $463,240 ; 34 furnaces, pro- 
ducing 16,128 tons of cast iron, and 99 forges, &c., producing 9,673 tons of bar iron, employing 
2,266 persons, and a capital of $1,514,736; 4 persons produced gold to the amount of $1,500, with 
a capital of $400 ; 2 smelting houses for lead ; 21 persons produced 13,942 bushels of bituminous 
coal; 5 paper manufactories produced articles to the amount of $46,000 ; other manufactories of 
paper produced articles to the amount of $14,000, the whole employing 87 persons, and a capital 
of $93,000 ; 177 persons produced hats and caps to the amount of $104,949 ; 454 tanneries 
employed 909 persons, and a capital of $484,114; 374 other leather manufactories, as saddleries, 
&c., produced articles to the amount of $359,050, with a capital of $154,540 ; 29 potteries employed 
50 persons, producing articles to the amount of $51,600, with a capital of $7,300 ; 266 persons pro- 
duced machinery to the amount of $257,704 ; 142 persons maimfactured hardware and cutlery to 
the amount of $57,170; 34 persons manufactured 564 small-arms; 11 persons manufactured the 
precious metals to the amount of $28,460 ; 10 persons manuiactured granite and marble to the 
amount of $5,400 ; 417 persons produced brick and lime to the amount of $119,371 ; 1,426 distiller- 
ies produced 1,109,107 gallons, and 6 breweries produced 1,835 gallons, the whole employing 1,341 
persons, and a capital of $218,182; 518 persons manufactured carriages and wagons to the amount 
of $219,897, employing a capital of $80,878 ; 28 ropewalks employed 258 persons, producing arti- 
cles to the amount of $132,630, and employing a capital of $81,230; 255 flouring mills produced 
67,831 barrels of flour, and, with other mills, employed 2,100 persons, producing articles to the 
amount of $1,020,664, and employing a capital of $1,310,195; 203 persons manufactured furniture 
to the amount of $79,580, with a capital of $30,650 ; 193 brick or stone houses, and 1,098 wooden 
houses, were built by 1,467 persons, at a cost of $427,402 ; 41 printing offices, 5 binderies, 2 daily, 
6 semi-weekly, and 38 weekly newspapers, and 10 periodicals, employed 191 persons, and a capi- 
tal of $112,500. The whole amount of capital employed in mantifaclures was $3,731,580. 

Greenville College, at Greenville, in East Tennessee, was founded in 1794 ; Washington Col- 
lege, in Washington county, was founded in 1794 ; the University of Nashville, in Nashville, the 
most important literary institution in the state, was founded in 1806 ; East Tennessee College, at 
Knoxville, was founded in 1807 ; Jack.son College, near Columbia, was founded in 1830. The 
Southwestern Theological Seminary, at 31arysville, was founded in 1821. The number of stu- 
dents in all these institutions in 1840, was 369. There were in the state 152 academies, with 5,539 
students ; and 983 common and primary schools, with 25,099 scholars. There were 58,531 white 
persons, over 20 years of age, who could neither read nor write. 

In 1836 the Methodists had 127 travelling preachers, and 34,260 communicants ; the Baptists 
had 413 churches, 219 ministers, and 20,472 communicants ; the Presbyterians had 120 churches, 
90 ministers, and 10,000 commiuiicants ; the Episcopalians had 1 bishop and 8 ministers. There 
were besides many Cumberland Presbyterians, and some Lutherans, Friends, Christians, and 
Catholics. 

At the commencement of 1839 there were in the state 1 bank and 7 branches, with an aggregate 
capital of $2,292,757, and a circulation of $742,542. The state debt at the close of 1840, was 
$1,789,166. 

The constitution of this state was formed in 1796, at Knoxville. This constitution w^as revised 
and amended, and ratified by the people, in March, 1835. The governor is elected by the people 
fur 2 years, but is not eligible more than 6 years in 8. The representatives are chosen biennially, 
and their number cannot exceed 75 until the population is 500,000, and never afterwards exceed 99, 
apportioned among the different counties according to the number of qualified voters. The sena- 



TRR 



r.r)4 



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tors are chosen and apportioned in like manner, and can never exceed one third the number of 
representatives. The legislature meets biennially, at Nashville, in October following the election. 
It can be called together at other times, by the governor, if necessary. The judges of the supreme 
court are chosen by the joint ballot of both houses of the legislature, and hold their oflices during 
12 years. Every white person over 21 years of age, who is a freeholder in the county where 
he ofTers his vote, or who has resided in the county 6 months immediately preceding the election, 
enjoys the right of suffrage. 

The internal improvements of Tennessee consist of several railroads. Lagrange and Memphis rail- 
road extends from Memphis, on the Mississippi, 50 ms. to Lagrange, in Lafayette county. Somerville 
branch extends from the main road at Moscow, 16 miles, to Somerville. The Hiwassee railroad 
extends from Knoxville, 98i rniles, to the Georgia line, where it unites with the Western and Atlantic 
railroad of Georgia. The New Orleans and Nashville railroad is designed to pass through this 
state. 

This state was originally included in the charter of North Carolina given by Charles IL, in 1664 ; 
but no settlement had been made beyond the Alleghany mountains until 1757, when a few hardy 
pioneers established themselves at Fort Loudon, on Watauga river. This fort was attacked by the 
Indians in 1760, when more than 200 men, women, and children, were massacred. But the sav- 
ages were chastised and subdued by Col. Grant and his troops the following year, and a favorable 
treaty was made by the natives. In 1765 settlements began on the Holston river. During the 
earlier parts of the revolutionary war the people of this territory had frequent contests with tiie 
Indians, and, in the latter part of it, with the combined forces of the British and Indians. In 1784 
North Carolina ceded this territory to the United States, but soon repealed the act, and the people 
set up an independent government, calling it the State of Frankland, which brought them into col- 
lision with North Carolina. The territory was finally ceded to the United States in 1790, and a 
territorial government was established under the name of the Territory Southwest of the Ohio 
river. In 1796, Tennessee was admitted into the ITnion. The citizens of this state bore an 
important part in the last war, and particularly in the defence of New Orleans. 



TENNES.SEE Iron Works, p-0., Montgomery 
CO., Tenn. 

Ten.nessee River, p-o., Macon co., N. C, 341 
w. by s. Raleigh, 571 W. 

Tennille, po., Washington co., Ga. 

Tensaw, r., Ala. It is the eastern outlet of 
Mobile r., 8 ms. below the union of Tombigbee 
and Alabama rivers, which form the Mobile r. 
It flows s. by Blakeley, and enters Mobile bay 
by several mouths. A little below, where it 
leaves Mobile r., it contains a considerable island. 

Tensaw, r., La., rises in Chicot co., Ark., and 
flowing s. by w. nearly parallel witli tiie Missis- 
sippi, falls into the Washita r. It flows through 
the parishes of Carroll and Madison, and forms 
the boundary between Concordia and Cattahoula 
parishes. 

Tensaw, p-o., Baldwin co., Ala., 117 s. Tus- 
caloosa, 969 W. 

Terre Bonne, parish. La. Situated in the s. 
part of the state, and contains 1,850 sq. ms. 
Bounded s. by the Gulf of Mexico. The surface 
is low and level. Drained by Terre Bonne, Pe- 
tite, and Grand Bayou Cailloux, and Bayou de 
Large rivers. Much of the soil is too low for 
cultivation, but on the banks of the streams it is 
very fertile, well adapted to the sugar cane. 
Capital, Williamsburg. There were in 1340, 
neat cattle 4,764, sheep 1,013, sv\ine 5,473; Ind. 
com 115,002 bush, produced, potatoes 28,283, rice 
17,880 pounds, cotton 1,003,850, sugar 6,875,600; 
1 store, cap. $10,000. 2 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 
whites 2,075, slaves 2,300, free col'd 35: total, 
4,410. 

Terre Coupee, p-v., St. Joseph co., la., 163 n. 
Indianapolis, 645 W. 

Teiire Haute, p-v., capital of Vigo co., la., 73 
w. Indianapohs, 644 W. Pleasantly situated on 
elevated ground, on the e. bank of Wabash r. 
The national road crosses the r. here on a fine 
bridge. It contains a court house, jail, 2 churche.s 
— 1 Congregational and 1 Methodist — a bank, a 
fine market house, a seminary, 2 steam mills, a 



brewery, 5 commission houses, 50 stores, and 
about 2,000 inhabitants. 

Terrapin Creek, p-o., Cherokee co., Ala., 
194 N. e. Tuscaloosa, 691 W. 

Terre Salis, p-o., and Salt Works, Clay co., 
Ky. 

Terrysville, p-v., Plymouth t., Litchfield 
CO., Ct., 21 w. s. w. Hartford, 341 W. It is cel- 
ebrated for its extensive manufacture of wooden 
clocks. 

Terrysville, p-v., Abbeville dist., S. C, 104 
w. Columbia, 551 W. 

Terrytown, p-v., Bradford co., Pa., 149 n. by 
E. Harrisburg, 260 W. 

Tete des Mort, p-o., Jackson co., Iowa. 

Tewksbury, p-t., Middlesex co., Mass., 21 n. 
w. Boston, 449 W. The surface is level ; soil, 
light and sandy. Merrimac r. bounds it on the 
n. w., and Concord r. on the w. Shawsheen r. 
passes through it. The v. contains a Unitarian 
church. The Boston and Lowell railroad passes 
through a corner of the t. on the w. Incorporated 
in 1734. There are in the t. 2 stores, cap. .$2,600 ; 
2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $3,200. 6 sch. 440 scholars. Pop. 906. 

Tewksbury, t., Hunterdon co., N. J., 14 n. e. 
Flemington. The surface is hilly ; soil, clay and 
loam, fertile and well cultivated. Drained by 
Rockaway cr. and its branches, and by Laming- 
ton r. It contains the villages of New German- 
town and Pottersville. There are in the t. 9 
stores, cap. $22,200; 2 tanneries, 4 grist m., 5 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,450. 8 sch. 274 
scholars. Pop. 1,944. 

Texas, p-o., Mexico t., Oswego co., N. Y., 165 
w. N. w. Albany, 387 W. 

Texas, t., Wayne co.. Pa. Drained by Sax- 
awaxen cr. It has 1 store, cap. $3,000 ; 2 tan- 
neries, 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $3,250. 7 sch. 
172 scholars. Pop. 1,094. 

Texas, t., Kalamazoo co., Mich. It has 1 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $1,000. 3 sch. 59 scholars. 
Pop. 249. 



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655 



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Texas, p-o., Meriwether co., Ga., 93 w. Mil- 
ledgeville, 714 W. 

Thames, r., Ct., formed by the union of She- 
tucket and Yantic rivers, at Norwich City, 
whence it flows s. 14 ms. to Long Island sound, 
at New London. It is navigable for sloops and 
steamboats to Norwich City. The harbor at its 
mouth at New London is the best in the state, 
and one of the best in the I'nited States, defended 
by Fort Trumbull in New London, and Fort 
Grisvvold in Groton, opposite. 

The Corner, p-o., Ulster co., N. Y., 77 s. s. 
w. Albany, 336 W. 

The Exchange, p-o., McCracken co., Ky., 
281 w. s. w. Frankfort, 806 W. 

The Forks, p-o., Somerset co., Me., 84 n. n. 
W. Augusta, 679 W. 

The Forks, p-o., Fauquier co., Va. 

The Meadows, p-o., Bedford co., Va. 

The Plains, p-o., Fauquier co., Va., 119 n. w. 
Richmond, 53 W. 

The Purchase, p-o., Harrison t., Westchester 
CO., N. Y., 133 s. by e. Albany, 2S8 W. It con- 
tains a Friends church and a lew dwellings. 

Theresa, p-t., Jefferson co., N. Y., 183 n. w. 
Albany, 435 W. The surface is uneven and 
broken ; soil, indifferent. Drained by Indian r. 
Organized in 1841. The v. is situated on Indian 
r., and contains 1 church, 2 stores, 1 grist m., 1 
saw m., 30 dwellings, and about 175 inhabitants. 

Thetford, p-t., Orange co., Vt., 43 s. s. E. 
Montpelier. 498 W. The surface is uneven and 
rough ; soil, fertile, well adapted to grazing. 
Connecticut r. bounds it on the e. Watered by 
Omporapanoosuc r., which here receives a branch, 
both of which afford good water power. The v., 
at the centre, contains a Congregational church, 
an academy, several stores, and a number of 
neat dwellings. There are 2 other small villages 
on Ompompanoosuc r. It has 6 stores, cap. 
$20,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 
4 grist m., 13 saw ra., 1 oil m. Cap. in maiiufac. 
$33,180. 2 acad. 176 students, 17 seh. 706 scho- 
lars. Pop. 2,065. 

The Village, p-o.. Point Coupee par.. La. 

TiiiBODEAUXviLLE, p-v.. Capital of La Fourche 
par.. La., 106 s. w. New Orleans, 1,243 W. Sit- 
uated on the s. w. side of Bayou La Fourche, and 
contains a court house and jail, and about 400 
inhabitants. 

Thomas, county, Ga. Situated toward the s. 
w. part of the state, and contains 1,089 sq. ms. 
Drained by Ocklockonee r. and its branches, and 
by brandies of Withlacoochee r. Capital, Tho- 
masville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 24,699 
sheep 2,798, swine 17,960; wheat 1,040 bush 



13 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in nianufac. $13,325. 
2 acad. 36 students, 8 sch. 169 scholars. Pop. 
whites 3,810, slaves 2,93J, free col'd 26; total, 
6,766. 

Thomasto.v, p-t., Lincoln co.. Me., 42 s. e. 
Augusta, 619 W. Situated between Penobscot 
bay on tlie e., and St. George's r. on the w. It 
contains an abundance of limestone, and lime is 
made to the amount of 300,000 casks annually. 
Large ships come up St. George r. to this t., 12 
ms. from the ocean. The Maine state prison is 
located here, situated on the bank of St. George 
r , on which is found a blue granite, which the 
prisoners are extensively employed in cutting, 
and preparing for exportation. The buildings, 
which are spacious and commodious, have at- 
tached to them 10 acres of ground. Major-ge- 
neral Henry Knox, of the revolutionary army, 



died here, in 1807, and was buried in the middle 
of a thick cedar grove, on his own ground, near 
his benuliful dwelling. It has 90 stores, capital 
$131,400; Shimberyards, cap. $1,050; 2 fulhng 
m., 1 pottery, 2 printing offices, 2 weeidy news- 
papers, 3 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$211,410. 1 college 15 students, 3 acad. 166 stu- 
dents, 27 sch. 2,423 scholars. Pop. 6,227. 

Tho.maston, p-v., capital of Upson co., Ga., 81 
w. by s. Millodgeville, 703 W. It contains a 
court house and jail, 2 churches— 1 Baptist, I 
Methodist — an academy, 6 stores, and 30 dwell- 
ings. 

Thomastown, p-v., Leake co.. Miss., 52 n. e. 
Jackson, 994 W. 

Thomasville, p-v., capital of Thomas co., Ga., 
231 MiUedgeville, 888 W. 

Thomasville, p-v., Washington co., Tenn., 
291 E. Nashville, 420 W. Situated on the s. 
bank of Nolachucky r. 

Thompson, p-t., Windham co., Ct., 43 E. n. E. 
Hartford, 384 W. The surface is hilly; soil, 
gravelly loam, and fertile. Drained by Quinne- 
baug, French, and Five IMile rivers, which afford 
good water power. It contains 4 churches — 1 
Congregational, 2 Baptist, and 1 Methodist. The 
v., at the centre, is on elevated ground, and con- 
tains a Congregational and a Baptist church, a 
bank, 4 stores, a printing office, and about 30 
dwellings, many of them neat. There is a man- 
ufacturing V. in the s. part of the t. There are 
in the t. lo stores, cap. $26, l(iO ; 1 tannery, 7 grist 
m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $124,630. 1 
acad. 30 students, 13 sch. 827 scholars. Pop. 
3,333. 

Thompson, t., Sullivan co., N. Y., 110 s. w 
Albany. The surface is hilly ; soil, sandy and 
gravelly loam. Drained by Mongoup and Ne- 
versink rivers. It contains the v. of Monticello, 
the capital of the co. It has 8 stores, capital 
$30,300; 1 fulling in., 4 tanneries, 1 printing 
office, 1 weekly newspaper, 2 grist m., 22 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $126,700. 18 sch. 741 
scholars. Pop. 2,610. 

Thompson, p-t., Susquehanna co., Pa., 184 n. 
N. E. Harrisburg, 284 W. It has 1 tannery. Cap. 
in manufac. $2,300. 5 sch. 125 scholars. Pop. 
325. 

Thompso.n, p-t., Geauga co., O., 190 n. e. Co- 
lumbus, 349 W. It has 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 4 
saw m., 8 sch. 338 .-^cliolars. Pop. 1,028. 

Thompso.v, t., Seneca co., O. It has 1 pot- 
tery, 2 saw m., 3 sch. 180 scholars. Pop. 1,404. 

Thompson, t., Delaware co., O. Situated on 
the w. side of Scioto r. It has 5 sch. 136 scho- 
lars. Pop. 660. 

Thompson, p-v., Warren co., Ga., 38 w. Au- 
gusta, 56 N. E. MiUedgeville, 615 W. A depot 
on the Ga. railroad. 

Thompson, t., Pike co., Ark. It has 1 grist m., 
1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,800. Pop. 390. 

Thompson'.s, p-o., Faiilieid dist., S. C, 24 n. 
Columbia, 506 W. 

Thompson's Cross Roads, po., Louisa co., 
Va., 53 N. w. Richmond, 102 W. Situated on 
the s. side of S. Anna r., and contains a Baptist 
church, 2 cabinet iac, and several dwellings. 

Tho.mpson's Store, p-o., Guilford co., N. C. 

Thompsontow.v, p-v., Juniata co.. Pa., 36 n. 
w. Harrisburg, 145 W. Situated on the Juniata 
r. and on the Pa. canal. It contains several 
stores, 55 dwellings, and about 359 inhabitants. 

Thompsonville, p-v., Enfield t., Hartford co., 
Ct., 20 N. Hartford, 333 W. Situated on Fresh- 
water r., at its entrance into Connecticut r., about 
1 m. N. of Enfield bridge. It has a large man 
ufactory of carpels, with 120 looms, producing 



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656 



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800 yards daily. The v. contains about HUO in- 
habitants. 

Thompsonville, p-v., Thompson t., SuUivun 
CO., N. y., 105 s. s. w. Albany, 299 W. It con- 
tains 2 stores., 1 grist m., 1 carding machine and 
fulling m., 3 saw m., 2 tanneries, 25 dwellings, 
and 150 inhabitants. 

Thompsonville, p-o., Culpepper co., Va., 108 
N. N. w. Richmond, 80 W. 

Thornbukg, p-v., Spottsylvania co., Va., 76 n. 
N. w. Richmond, 70 W. Situated on both sides 
of Ta r., and contains 1 Baptist church, 1 store, 
1 flouring m., and 1 tannery. 

Thornbury, p-t., Chester co., Pa., 20 s. w. 
Philadelphia, 76 e. s. e. Harrisburg, 1 18 W. The 
surface is level ; soil, sandy loam. Drained by 
Chester cr. and Brandywine r. It has 1 store, 
cap. $2,000. Pop. 230. 

Thornbury, t., Delaware co.. Pa., 20 vv. Phil- 
adelphia, 87 E. by s. Harrisburg. The surface is 
hilly ; soil, sandy loam. Drained by Chester cr. 
The v., at the centre, is called Thornton. The 
t. has 2 stores, cap. $4,500 ; 1 grist m., 1 .saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $1,800. 4 sch. 104 scholars. 
Pop. 675. 

Thorn, t., Perry co., O. It has 8 stores, cap. 
$16,200 ; 3 tanneries, 10 sch. 270 scholars. Pop. 
2,007. 

Thornbyvtlle, p-o., Boone co., la., 19 N. n. 
w. Indianapolis, 590 W. 

Thorndike, p-t., Waldo co.. Me., 42 n. e. Au- 
gusta, 637 W. The surface is agreeably diver- 
sified ; soil, fertile, adapted to grain. Drained by 
a branch of Sebasticook r. Incorporated in 1819. 
It has 1 store, cap. $6,000 ; 3 saw m., 240 schol- 
ars in schools. Pop. 897. 

TnoRNAPPLE, t., Barry co., Mich. It has 2 
sch. 40 scliolars. Pop. 99. 

Thorn Hill, p-o., Orange co., Va., 71 n. w. 
Richmond, 103 W. 

Thorn Hill, p-o., Walker co., Ala., 74 n. 
Tuscaloosa, 797 W. 

Thorn Hill, p-o., Grainger co., Tenn., 229 e. 
Nashville, 461 W. 

Thornton, p-t., Grafton co., N. H., 52 n. by 
w. Concord, 533 W. The surface is uneven ; 
soil, fertile, particularly on the streams. Water- 
ed by Pemigewasset r., and its branch. Mad r., 
"which crosses the s. e. corner. Mill brook has a 
fall of 42 feet perpendicular. Chartered in 1763 ; 
first settled in 1770. It has 3 stores, cap. $1,650 ; 
1 fulling m., 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $2,160. 12 sch. 435 scholars. Pop. 1,045. 

Thornto.v, p-v., Thornbury t., Delaware co., 
Pa., 87 E. by s. Harri.sburg, 121 W. 

Thornton, p-t.. Cook co., 111., 192 n. n. e. 
Springfield, 737 W. Situated on Thorn cr., in 
the s. E. part of the co. It has 1 store, cap. $1,000 ; 
1 saw m., 2 sch. 44 scholars. Pop. 306. 

Thorntown, p-v., Boone co., la., 35 n. e. In- 
dianapolis, 606 W. Situated on a branch of Su- 
gar cr. 

Thornville, p-v., Thorn t.. Perry co., O., 35 
E. by s. Columbus, 366 W. It contains 1 store 
and about 200 inhabitants. 

Thoroughfare, p-v., Prince William co., Va., 
118 N. Richmond, 50 W. It has 2 flourhig m. in 
the vicinity, on Broad run, which affords good 
water power, and has 12 or 15 dwellings. 

Thousand Islands, N. Y., situated in the St. 
Lawrence r., a little below Lake Ontario. The 
American part of them belong to .lefierson co., 
and the remainder lie in Canada. The St. Law- 
rence is here from 2 to 9 ms. in width, and filled 
with iimumerable small rocky islets, generally 
covered with cedar and hemlock to the water's 
edge. The passage between them is sometimes 



so narrow as scarcely to allow a canoe to go 
through. The largest islands are Grand and 
Howe islands, in Canada, and Carlton, Grind- 
stone, and Wells islands, in the United States. 
Within the distance of 27 miles, the number is 
said to exceed 1,500. It was a matter of consid- 
erable labor to fix the boundary between the two 
countries at this point. 

Three Forks, p-o., Monongalia co., Va., 273 
N. w. Richmond, 197 W. 

Three Forks, p-o., Wilson co., Tenn., 45 e. 
Nashville, 645 W. 

Three Forks, p-o., Barren co., Ky., 122 s. w. 
Frankfort, 646 W. 

Three Mile Bay, p-o., Lyme t., Jefferson co., 
N. Y., 182 Albany, 434 W. 

Three Rivers, p-v., Palmer t., Hampden co., 
Mass., 76 w. s. w. Boston, 376 W. Situated on 
Chicapee r., near the junction of Ware and Swift 
rivers, and contains a Baptist church, a cotton 
fac, and about 20 dwellings. 

Three Rivers, p-v., St. Joseph co., Mich., 145 
s. w. Detroit, 593 W. Situated on St. Joseph r., 
between the confluence of Portage r. and Stony 
cr., which afford extensive vv'ater power. It con- 
tains 2 stores, 1 large flouring m., and 1 saw m. 
Boats of 30 tons navigate St. Joseph river to this 
place. 

Three Springs, p-o., Hunterdon co.. Pa., 85 
s. w. Harrisburg, 129 W. 

Three Springs, p-o., Hart co., Ky., 106 s. w. 
Frankfort, 629 W. 

Throgs Point, Westchester t. and co., N. Y., 
16 N. E. of New York city, projects from 1 to 2 
ms. into the East r. Fort Schuyler, a strong for- 
tification, is now being erected here, to command 
the entrance from Long Island sound to the city 
of New York. 

Throopsville, p-v., Mentz t., Cayuga co., N. 
Y., 3 N. w. Auburn, 158 w. Albany, 337 W. Sit- 
uated on Owasco outlet, and contains 1 church, 
1 store, 1 woollen fac, 1 flouring m., 1 fulling m., 
1 distillery, and about 30 dwellings. 

Tiara, po., Montgomery co., Ala., 133 s. E. 
Tuscaloosa, 860 W. 

TicoNDEROGA, p-t., Esscx CO., N. Y., 97 N. Al- 
bany, 469 W. The surface on the e. is level or 
rolling ; on the w. hilly and mountainous. The 
soil is clay loam, and fertile, particularly adjoin- 
ing Lake Champlain, which bounds it on the e. 
Drained by the outlet of Lake George, and small 
streams flowing into Lake Champlain. The 
ruins of old Fort Ticonderoga are in the s. e. 
part, where is a convenient steamboat landing. 
The v. is situated on the outlet of Lake George, 
at the lower falls, 2 ms. w. of Lake Champlain, 
and contains 2 churches — 1 Congregational and 
1 Baptist — 8 stores, 1 grist m., 7 saw m., 1 planing 
machine, 2 lath m., 1 furnace, 1 clothier's works, 
1 tannery, 80 dwellings, and about 500 inhabit- 
ants. The outlet here has a descent of .30 feet, 
affording great water power, and it is navigable 
for lake craft to the lower part of the v. The 
ruins of old Fort Ticonderoga, so celebrated in 
the French and Revolutionary wars, are 2 miles 
below the v., on a point of land at the entrance 
of the outlet of Lake George into Lake Cham- 
plain, and are in full view from Lake C'hamplain, 
above which they are elevated about 70 feet, and 
are an interesting relic of former times. About 
1,800 yards s. w. is Mount Defiance, rising 750 
feet above the lake, and commands the fort. The 
view, from the summit, of Lake Champlain and 
the surrounding country, is extensive and beau- 
tiful. A ferry crosses Lake Champlain to Shore- 
ham, Vt. There are in the t. 8 stores, capital 
$26,300 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fuc, 1 furnace. 



TIO 



657 



TIP 



1 forge, 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 21 saw m. Cap. 
m manufactures $35,450. 1 acad. 50 students, 10 
sch. 464 scholars. Pop. 2,169. 

Tiffin, p-v., Clinton t., Seneca co., O., 86 n. 
Columbus, 423 W. Situated on Sandusky river, 
and contains a court house, jail, several stores, 
a printing office, issuing a weekly newspaper, 
and about 600 inhabitants. 

Tiffin, t., Adams co., O. It contains West 
Union v., the capital of the co. It has 4 tanner- 
ies, 2 sch. 52 scholars. Pop. 1,540. 

Tiffin, t., Williams co., O. It has 1 store, cap. 
$1,000; 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufae. 
$6,500 ; 2 sch. 50 scholars. Pop. 322. 

TiFFi.NS, r., rises in Mich., and enters Ohio in 
Williams co., 20 miles n. of Defiance, and flows 
into Maumee r., 1 mile w. of that t. It is fed by 
lakes and springs, and affords permanent and 
good water power It is navigable for small 
craft for 50 ms. 

Tiller's Ferry, p-o., Kershaw dist., S. C, 
58 N. E. Columbia, 35'S W. 

TiMBALiER, bay. La., extends n. w. from the 
mouth of Bayou La Fourche, 30 ms., and is from 3 
to 6 ms. wide, bounded s. w. by a long and low 
peninsula. It has a sandy or muddy bottom, 
and no great depth of water. 

TiMBERviLLE, p-v., Rockingham co., Va., 145 
N. w. Richmond, 1 18 W. 

Timber Ridge, p-o., Rockbridge co., Va., 140 
w. Richmond, 182 W. 

TiNDALLSVILLE, p-v., Ansou CO., N. C, 136 s. 
w. Raleigh, 420 VV. 

Tinker Run, p-o., Westmoreland co.. Pa., 180 
Ilarrisburg, 206 VV. 

TiNMOUTH, p-t., Rutland co., Vt., 76 s. by w. 
Montpelier, 443 W. The surface is elevated and 
hilly ; soil, adapted to grazing, and arable on the 
streams. Watered by Furnace brook, which 
rises in a pond in the s. part of the t., and flows 
N. until it enters Otter cr., in Rutland. It affords 
water power. Poultney r. rises in the w. part 
of the t. It contains a Congregational church, 
and Episcopal and 3Iethodist churches are organ- 
ized. Iron ore and marble are found. It has 1 
store, cap. $5,0(X) ; 1 tannery, 2 saw m. Cap. in 
manufae. $2,500. 8 sch. 271 scholars. Pop. 780. 
TiNicoM, t., Bucks CO., Pa., 37 n. Philadelphia, 
12 N. E. Doylestown. The surface is partly roll- 
ing, partly level ; soil, sandy loam. Tohickon 
cr. bounds it on the s. Drained by Tinicum cr., 
which flows into Delaware r., which bounds it 
on the N. and e. It contains 2 churches. The 
Delaware canal passes through the t. It has 5 
stores, cap. $8,100; 3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 5 
grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufae. $3,370. 4 
sch. 94 scholars. Pop. 1,770. 

TiNicuM, t., Delaware co., Pa., 9 s. w. Phila- 
delphia. It is an island, formed by Delaware r.. 
Darby cr., and Bow cr. The soil is a rich allu- 
vion, employed chiefly in grazing. It contains a 
spacious hospital, with a dwelling for the resident 
physician. Tinicum island, in the Delaware r., 
opposite, belongs to the t. Pop. 153. 

Tioga, r., rises in Pa., and flows into Steuben 
CO., N. Y., and unites with Conhocton r. to form 
Chemung r. The Corning and Blossburg rail- 
road passes through the valley of this r. 

Tioga, county, N. Y. Situated in the s. part 
of the state, and contains 490 sq. ms. Susquehan- 
na r. runs through its s. part. Watered by Owe- 
go cr. and its branches, affording water power. 
The surface is diversified by hills and valleys ; 
soil, adapted to grazing on tlie hills, and very fer- 
tile ui the valleys. Lumber is extensively floated 
down the Susquelianna r. It contains sulphur 
springs and a bed of marl in Spencer t. The 
83 



line of the New York and Erie railroad passes 
along the valley of the Susquehanna r. Capital, 
Owego. There were in 1840, neat cattle 21,576, 
sheep 43,220, swine 14,987 ; wheat 107,002 bush, 
produced, rye 4,987, Ind. corn 1 17,449, buckwheat 
47,181, barley l,05S,oats 180,967, potatoes 363,198, 
hops 6,876 pounds, sugar 1 16,760 ; 72 stores, capi- 
tal $339,350 ; 13 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 15 tan- 
neries, 2 distilleries, 37 grist m., 259 saw m., 2 
oil m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. 
Cap. in manufae. $282,394. 1 acad. 268 students, 
6,814 scholars in schools. Pop. 20,527. 

Tioga, county. Pa. Situated in the n. part of 
the state, and contains 1,200 sq. ms. The surface 
consists of hills and fertile valleys; soil, well 
adapted to grazing. Drained by Tioga r. on the 
N., and Pine cr. on the s., a branch of the w. 
branch of the Susquehanna r. Capital, Wells- 
burg. There were in 1840, neat cattle 27,443, 
sheep 25,424, swine 11,205; wheat 8S,823 bush, 
produced, rye 33,694, Ind. corn 66,610, buckwheat 
22,847, oats 1 10,526, potatoes 289,590, sugar 181,064 
pounds; 52 stores, cap. $111,800; 4 fulling m., 
2 woollen fac, 13 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 2 print- 
ing offices, 2 weekly newspapers, 1 flouring m., 
26 grist m., 145 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manu- 
fae." $204,593. 1 acad. 75 students, 60 sch. 2,184 
scholars. Pop. 15,498. 

Tioga, p-t., Tioga co., N. Y., 176 w. s. w. Al- 
bany, 277 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, gravelly 
loam, and very productive in the valleys. Wa- 
tered by Susquehanna r. and its tributaries. It 
has 4 stores, cap. $12,500 ; 3 fulling m., 1 woollen 
fac, 1 tannery, 4 grist m., 42 saw m. Cap. in 
manufiic. $28,800. 947 scholars in schools. Pop. 
2,461. 

Tioga, p-t.. Tioga co.. Pa., 151 n. by w. Har- 
risburg, 261 W. Tlie surface is hilly ; soil, gravel 
and clay, and alluvion. Drained by Tioga r. and 
its branches. Mill cr. and brooked cr. It has 5 
stores, cap. $21,100; 1 tannery, 1 printing office, 
1 weekly newspaper, 17 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fae $1 1,900 ; 4 sch. 130 scholars. Pop. 79 1. 

Tioga Centre, p-o., Tioga t. and co., N. Y., 
167 w. s. w. Albany, 276 W. 

TioNESTA, p-t., Venango co.. Pa., 206 w. n. w. 
Harrisburg, 295 VV. Susquehanna r. runs on its 
N. w. border, by branches of which it is watered. 
It has 3 stores, cap. $10,000 ; 1 sch. 17 scholars. 
Pop. 635. 

TioNESTA, t., .lefferson co., Pa. It has 1 saw 
m. Cap. in manufae $1,000. Pop. 27. 

TiouonNioGA, r., N. Y., rises in Onondaga co., 
and flows s. through Cortland and Broome coun- 
ties, and enters Chenango r. at Chenango Forks 
V. It affords extensive water power. 

Tippah, county. Miss. Situated in the n., to- 
ward the E. part of the state, and contains 1,000 
sq. m. Drained by llalchie. Muddy, Wolf, and 
Tippah creeks, and by head branches of Talla- 
hatchee r. and its tributaries. Capital. Ripley. 
There were in 1810, neat cattle 15,282, .sheep 
5,034, swine 36,994; wheat 15,701 bush, produ- 
ced, Ind. corn 395,160, oats 9,138, potatoes 19,045, 
cotton 1,061,768 pounds; 17 stores, cap. $60,609; 
5 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 1 flouring m., 18 grist 
m., 14 saw m. Cap. in manufae. $50,730. 1 acad. 
40 students, 11 sch. 267 scholars. Pop. whites 
7,309, slaves 2,134, free col'd 1 ; total 9,444. 

Tippecanoe, r., la., has its sources in Noble 
and Kosciusko counties, and pursuing a circui- 
tous course through Fulton, Pulaski, and VVhite 
counties, it enters the Wabash from the n., in the 
N. part of Tippecanoe co. 

Tippecanoe, county, la. Situated n. w. of the 
centre, and toward the w. part of the state, and 
contains 504 sq. ms. The surface is undulating 



TIT 



658 



TOD 



with extensive level tracts, and one half of its 
stirface is prairie. Watered by Wabash r. and 
its tributary Tippecanoe r., and Wild Cat or. and 
its tributaries, which afford good water power. 
The Wabash and Erie canal passes through it. 
Capital, La Fayette. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 15,361, sheep 18,127, swine 44,031 ; wheat 
137,243 bush, produced, rye 7.58S, Ind. corn 
990,160, buckwheat 1,843, oats 156,353, potatoes 
27,648, sugar 67,110 pounds; 35 stores, cap. 
$123,350 ; 2 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 200 sp., 2 
fulling m., 10 tanneries, 14 distilleries, 2 breweries, 
12 flouring m., 6 grist m., 25 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 
printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in 
manufac. $97,950. 2 acad. 50 students, 24 sch. 
588 scholars. Pop. 13,724. 

Tippecanoe, p-o., Harrison cc, O. 

Tippecanoe, p-t., Tippecanoe co., la., 82 n. w. 
Indianapolis, 640 W. It has 3 sch. 79 scholars. 
Pop. 1,374. 

Tippecanoe, p-o., Macon co., Mo. 

Tipton, county, Tenn. Situated in the w. 
part of the state, and contains 415 sq. ms. Mis- 
sissippi r. bounds it on the vv. Watered by Hatchy 
r. and its branches, and Forked Deer r. in its n. w. 
part, and branches of Loosahatchy r. in its s. part. 
Capital, Covington. There were in 1840, neat cat- 
tle 9,974, sheep 1,207, swine 21,851 ; wheat 12,819 
bush, produced, rye 2,493, Ind. corn 359,269, oats 
21,890, potatoes 26,285, tobacco 74,110 pounds, 
cotton 1,015,892; 2 commercial houses and 2 
commission houses, cap. $15,500 ; 3 stores, cap. 
$20,300 ; 2 flouring m., 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $2,000. 1 acad. 55 students, 7 sch. 
140 scholars. Pop. whites 3,637, slaves 3,132, 
free col'd 31 ; total, 6,800. 

Tipton, p-o., Lenawee co., Mich., 63 s. w. De- 
troit, 518 W. 

Tipton, p-v., capital of Cedar co., Iowa. Sit- 
uated a little w. of Sugar cr., a branch of Ce- 
dar r., on a high rolling prairie. It contains a 
court house, and about 50 inhabitants. 

Tiptonsport, p-v., Carroll co., la., 7 n. Del- 
phi, 75 N. N. w. Indianapolis, 627 W. Situated 
on the s. e. side of Wabash r. 

Tiro, p-o.. Auburn t., Richland co., O., 84 n. 
N. E. Columbus, 402 W. 

Tishamingo, county. Miss. Situated in the 
N. E. corner of the state, and contains 1,300 sq. ms. 
Tennessee r. runs on its n. e. boundary. Drain- 
ed by Yellow and Tuscumbia creeks, and head 
branches of the E. fork of Tombigbee r. Capital, 
Jacinto. There were in 1840, neat cattle 11,120, 
sheep 2,324, swine 22,371 ; wheat 5,130 bush, 
produced, Ind. corn 281,451, oats 9,223, potatoes 
9,102, cotton 175,175 pounds ; 5 stores, cap. 
$19,400 ; 6 cotton fac, 3 tanneries, 7 grist m., 6 
oil m. Cap. in manufac. $12,225. 14 sch. 301 
scholars. Pop. whites 5,852, slaves 828, free 
col'd 1 ; total, 6,681. 

TisBURY, t., Dukes co., Mass., 85 s. s. e. Bos- 
ton, 23 s. E. New Bedford. It occupies the cen- 
tral part of the island of Martha's Vineyard. The 
surface is level, with some hills in the n. part ; 
soil, generally fertile. Holmes Hole, in its n. e. 
part, has a good harbor, and a v., which contains 
a Baptist and a Methodist church, and about lOJ 
dwellings. There are also in the t. 1 Congrega- 
tional and 1 Baptist church, in a v. in the w. 
part of the t. There are in the t. 6 stores, cap. 
$20,100; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 5 grist m. 
Cap. in manufac. $2,245. 1 acad. 40 students, 6 
sch. 205 scholars. Pop. 1,520. 

Titus' Store, p-o., Cadiz t., Harrison co., O., 
107 E.by N. Columbus, 291 W. 

Titusville, p-v., Mercer co., N. J., 8 e. Tren- 
ton, 167 W. 



Tiverton, p-t., Newport co., R. I., 13 n. e. 
Newport, 24 s. e. Providence, 420 W. The sur- 
face is gently uneven ; soil, gravelly loam, and 
fertile. Bounded on the w. by the e. passage of 
Narraganset bay, and Mount Hope bay. Its 
navigable waters afford great facilities for navi- 
gation, of which it has considerable, employed 
chiefly in the fisheries. It has several ponds, 
well stored with fish, the outlets of which afford 
water power. A stone bridge, 1,000 feet long, 
connects it with Rhode Island. It has 14 stores, 
cap. $10,575; 2 woollen fac, 6 cotton fac 1,600 
sp., 8 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$133,900. 19 sch. 527 scholars. Pop. 3,183. 

Tiverton, p-t., Coshocton co., O. Organized 
in 1824, by the name of Union, but soon changed 
to its present name. It has 2 stores, cap. $2,000 ; 
1 tannery, 1 flouring ra. Pop. 665. 

Tiverton Four Corners, p-o., Newport co., 
R. I., 28 s. e. Providence, 424 W. 

TivoLi, p-v., Redhook t., Dutchess co., N. Y., 
51 s. Albany, 329 W. Situated on the e. side of 
Hudson r., and contains 2 churches, 3 stores, 2 
grist m., 1 cloth fac, 2 saw m., 50 dwellings, and 
about 300 inhabitants. A steam ferry-boat crosses 
Hudson r. to Saugerties. It has been known as 
Redhook Upper Landing. 

Tobacco Port, p-v., Caldwell co., Ky., 227 
w. s. w. Frankfort, 763 W. 

Tobacco Port, p-v., Stewart co., Tenn., 85 w. 
N. w. Nashville, '765 W. It contains about 50 
inhabitants. 

Tobacco Row, p-o., Amherst co., Va. 

Tobacco Stick, p-o., Dorchester co., Md. 

Tobeiianna, t., Monroe co.. Pa. The surface 
is hilly ; soil, gravel and barren. Lehigh r. 
bounds it on the n. w. Drained by Tobehanna 
cr. and its branches. It has 25 saw m., 3 sch. 20 
scholars. Pop. 594. 

Tobehanna, p-o., Tyrone t., Steuben co., N. 
Y., 198 w. by s. Albany, 313 W. 

Tobehanna, r.. Pa., receives several tributa- 
ries, passes through a swampy country, and enters 
the Lehigh 2 ms. below Stoddartsville. It is 
capable of affording water power. 

Toboyne, t.. Perry co.. Pa. It has 5 stores, 
cap. $11,000; 3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 2 flouring 
m., 2 grist m., 11 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $23,737. 
10 sch. 250 scholars. Pop. 1,442. 

Toby, t., Clarion co.. Pa., 15 n. Kittaning, 190 
N. E. Harrisburg, 236 W. 'The surface is partly 
rolling, partly level ; soil, loam. Clarion r. bounds 
it on the n. and Alleghany r. on the w. Drained 
by Licking, Cherryrun, Catfish, and Red Bank 
creeks. Salt and copperas are found. It has 4 
stores, cap. $6,700 ; 1 lulling m., 1 furnace, 3 tan- 
neries, 1 distillery, 1 pottery, 4 grist m., 4 sawm. 
Cap. in manufac. $44,370. 4 sch. 22 scholars. 
Pop. 1,829. 

Todd, county, Ky. Situated in the s., toward 
the w. part of the .state, and contains 612 sq. ms. 
Drained by Wolf Lick fork of Muddy r., and 
other streams, flowing into Green r., and by Elk 
fork of Red r. and its branches, flowing into Cum- 
berland r. Capital, Elkton. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 8,359, sheep 11,557, swine 33,405: 
wheat83,717 bush, pro., rye 2,609, In. corn 632,950, 
oats 206,065, potatoes IZfiU, tobacco 3,123,893 
pounds, cotton 9,606, sugar 1 1,160 ; 18 stores, cap. 
$72,800; 4 tanneries, 18 distilleries, 7 flouring m., 
25 grist m., 10 saw m., 1 printing office. Cap. in 
manufac. $43,260. 9 acad. 245 students, 16 sch. 
340 scholars. Pop. wliites 6,070, slaves 3,879, 
free col'd 42; total 9,991. 

Todd, t., Huntington co.. Pa. It has 1 furnace, 
1 forge, 3 gfibi m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$5,205. 1 sch. 56 scholars. Pop. 780. 



TOM 



659 



TOM 



Todd's, p-o., Spottsylvania co., Va., 79 n. Rich- 
mond, 78 W. 

Toledo, p-v., Port Lawrence t., capital of Lu- 
cas CO., O., 134 N. N. w. Columbus, 464 W. Sit- 
uated on the w. bank of Maumee r., near its en- 
trance into Maumee bay. It contains 41 stores, 

6 warehouses, 35 mechanic shops, 2 steam saw 
m., 2 iron foundries, and 2 printing offices, each 
issuing a weekly newspaper. The number of 
steamboat arrivals is over 400 annually, and of 
schooners about 250. It is 25 ms. above Manhat- 
tan V. Steamboats continually ply between To- 
ledo and Detroit. Pop. 1,222. 

Toler's, p-o., Amite co., JMiss., 110 s. s. w. 
Jackson, 1,110 W. 

ToLERSviLLE, p-v., Louisa CO., Va., 54 n. w. 
Richmond, 97 W. 

Tolland, county, Ct. Situated in the n. to- 
ward the E. part of the state, and contains 337 
ms. Surface in the w. undulating or level, in 
the E. hilly and mountainous ; soil, in the w. 
adapted to grain, in the e. to grazing. Watered 
by WiUimantic and Hop rivers, and their branch- 
es, in the e., and by Scantic, Hockanum, and 
Salmon rivers in the w. Its streams afford good 
water power. Capital, Tolland. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 17,485, shecp43,65 1, swine 7,713 : 
wheat 7,552 bush, produced, rye 50,709, Ind. corn 
87,343, buckwheat 20,105, oats 88,660, potatoes 
281,090, silk cocoons 10,508 pounds; 53 stores, 
cap. $153,320 ; 6 furnaces, 2 forges, 17 fulling m., 
19 woollen fac, 11 cotton fac. 8,622 sp., 15 tan- 
neries, 9 distilleries, 2 glass fac, 1 pottery, 35 
grist m., 74 saw m., 3 oil m., 3 paper fac. Cap. 
in manufac. $931,662. 2 acad. 53 students, 124 
sch. 4,880 scholars. Pop. 17,980. 

ToLL.\ND, p-t., Hampden co., Mass., 118 w. 
Boston, 364 W. The surface is elevated ; soil, 
adapted to grazing. Farmington r. runs through 
its N. w. part, and on its s. w. border. Watered 
by branches of this r., one of which flows from a 
large pond, a little n. of the centre. The v. con- 
tains a Congregational church. There are in the 
t. 1 tannery, 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,200. 

7 sch. 149 scholars. Pop. 627. 

Tolland, p-t., capital of Tolland co., Ct., 18 
E. N. E. Hartford, 354 W. The surface is moun- 
tainous and rough ; soil, in the valleys, a warm, 
fertile loam. Snipsic pond, on its n. w. border, 
is 2 ms. long, and 100 rods wide, and has its out- 
let into Hockanum r. A little s. of the centre is 
another pond, which receives and discliarges the 
head waters of Hop r. The v., situated on an 
elevated plain, contains a court house, a jail, a 
bank, 3 churches — 1 Congregational, 1 Baptist, 
and 1 Methodist — and about 40 dwellings, many 
of them neat. There are in the t. 6 stores, cap. 
$13,500 ; 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $8,650. 1 acad. 25 students, 12 sch. 
457 scholars. Pop. 1,566. 

Toll Gate, p-o., Marion co., Ala., 78 n. n. w. 
Tuscaloosa, 829 W. 

ToMBiGBEE, r.. Miss, and Ala., rises in several 
sources in Tishamingo co., Miss., and flowing s., 
receives various branches, and passes Columbus, 
Miss., in Lowndes co., and in the lower part of 
the CO. it passes into Ala. ; and 60 ms. below, 
receives from the n. e. the Black Warrior, nearly 
as large as itself, at Buffport, and proceeding in a 
winding course s. 100 ms., it joins the Alabama 
r. to form Mobile r., 45 ms. above the head of 
Mobile bay, and about 70 ms. from the Gulf of 
Mexico. Its wiiole course, including it-s wind- 
ings, is nearly 500 ms. It is navigable for 
large vessels, nine months in the year, to 
St. Stephen's, and for steamboats to Columbus, 
Misa. 



ToMiiANNocK, p-o., Pittstowu t., Rcnsselaef 
CO., N. Y., 20 E. Albany, 390 W. 

ToMPKLNs, county, N. Y. Situated a little s. 
w. of the centre of the stale, and contains 5S0 sq. 
ms. The s. part of Cayuga and Seneca lakes 
extend into the co., and through them it has ac- 
cess to the Erie canal, and through the lakes a 
passage by steamboat.s. Watered by Fall and 
Six-Mile creeks, and Cayuga inlet, which flow 
into Cayuga lake, have fine falls, and afford ex- 
tensive water power. Tiio surface is moderately 
uneven ; soil, very fertile, adapted to grain and 
to grass. Capital, Ithaca. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 28,908, sheep 86,525, swine 23,772 ; 
wheat 377,201 bush, produced, rye 4,579, Ind. 
corn 216,515, buckwheat 71,122, barley 9,104, 
oats 288,695, potatoes 339,557, hops 2,100 pounds, 
silk cocoons 200, sugar 88,747 ; 95 stores, cap. 
$585,450 ; 1 1 lumber yards, cap. $169,125 ; 2 fur- 
naces, 19 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 
1,572 sp., 27 tanneries, 5 distilleries, 1 brewery, 

1 rope fac, 8 flouring m., 30 grist m., 178 saw m., 
3 oil m., 2 paper fac, 5 printing offices, 3 weekly 
newspapers. Cap. in manufac $680,933. 2 acad. 
337 students, 225 sch. 12,678 scholars. Pop. 
37.918. 

Tompkins, t., Delaware co., N. Y.,22 s. w. Del- 
hi, 100 s. s. w. Albany. The surface is hilly and 
mountainous. Drained by Moliuwk or w. branch 
of Delaware r. and its tributaries, and by tributa- 
ries of-Popacton branch of Delaware r. The line 
of the New York and Erie railroad passes through 
its s. part. It has 5 stores, cap. $18,900; 2 fulling 
m., 2 tanneries, 2 crist m., 26 saw m. Cap. in ma- 
nufac. $17,705. 18 sch. 597 scholars. Pop. 2,035. 

Tompkins, p-t., Jackson co., Mich., 91 w. De- 
troit, 561 W. Drained by Grand r. and its branch, 
Sandstone r. It has 2 saw m. Cap. in manutiic. 
$7,200. Pop. 209. 

ToMPKLNSviLLE, p-v., (^astlctou t., Richmond 
CO., N. Y., 154 s. by w. Albany, 6 s. New York, 
231 W. Pleasantly situated on the n. e. part 
of Staten Island, overlooking the Quarantine 
Ground. Steam ferry-boats connect it with New 
York. Incorporated in 1823, and contains 3 
churches — 1 Dutch Reformed, 1 Episcopal, and 1 
Methodist — 12 stores and groceries, 200 dwell- 
ings, and about 1,400 hi habitants. It contains a 
marine hospital, or lazaretto, for the reception of 
patients, arriving from foreign ports, afflicted 
with infectious or contagious diseases. It opens 
April 1st, and closes November 1st, annually. 
Tlie Marine Hospital is 177 feet long, by 49 deep, 
3 stories high. It has also a yellow-fever hos- 
pital, 136 by 28 feet, with wings, 37 by 28 feet, 

2 stories high ; and a small-pox hospital, 80 by 
27 feet, 2 stories high ; and other buildings, with 
30 acres of land attached ; the whole enclosed 
by a substantial brick wall. 

ToMPKLNSViLi.E, p-v.. Capital of Monroe co., 
Ky., 153 s. s. w. Frankfort, G48 W. Situated on a 
branch of Big Barren r., and contains a court 
house, jail, and 188 inhabitants. 

To.m's Brook, p-o., Shenandoah co., Va., 156 
N. N. w. Richmond, 98 W. 

Tom's Creek, p-o., Surry co., N. C, 139 w. N. 
w. Raleigh, 332 W. 

Tom's Creek, p-o., Franklin co., Ga. 

Toms, r., N. J., rises by several branches in 
3Ionmouth co., and flows into Barnegat bay. 

Tom's River, p-v., Dover t., Monmouth co., 
N. J., 38 s. E. Trenton, 199 W. Situated on both 
sides of Tom's r., 6 ms. from its entrance into 
Barnegat bay. A bridge across the r., 200 feet 
long, connects the v. It contains 1 Methodist 
church, 6 stores, and about 60 dwellings. Small 
vessels are built here, and raor« than $200,000 



TOR 



660 



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worth of timber and wood are annually ex- 
ported. 

ToMsviLi-E, p-v., Chester co., S. C, 74 n. Co- 
lumbia, 455 W. 

ToNAWANDA, p-t., Erie co., N. Y., 298 w. Al- 
bany, 392 W. The surface is level, and includes 
Grand Island in Niagara r. ; soil, fertile. Drained 
by Tonavvanda cr. The v. is situated on the e. side 
of Niagara r., at the junction of Tonawanda cr. 
and the Erie canal. From the dam here in the cr. 
there are outlet locks to Niagara r. It has a good 
harbor for steamboats and other vessels. It con- 
tains 1 church, 6 stores, 125 dwellings, and about 
700 inhabitants. It has 11 stores, cap. §16,540 ; 
1 brewery, 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $250,900. 
4 sch. 71 scholars. Pop. 1,261. 

Tonawanda, cr., N. Y., rises in the s. part of 
Wyoming co., and flowing n. to Batavia, it turns 
to the N. w. and w., dividing Erie and Niagara 
counties, and flows into Niagara r. at Tonawanda 
V. For 12 ms. it constitutes a part of the Erie 
canal. 

ToNfJEDAGANA, county, Mich. Situated in the 
N. w. part of the peninsula, and contains about 
150 sq. ms. Bounded n. by the straits of Macki- 
naw, and w. by Lake Michigan. Drained by 
small streams flowing into the lake. It is imor- 
ganized. 

TooLSBOROUGH, p-o., Louisa co., low-a. 

TopsFiELD, p-t, Washington co.. Me., 235 n. 
E. Augusta, 821 W. A considerable lake, the s. 
source of Mattawamkeag r., lies on its n. border. 
Incorporated in 1838. It has 1 sch. 40 scholars. 
Pop. 188. 

TopsFiELD, p-t., Essex CO., Mass., 25 n. by e. 
Boston, 465 W. The surface is moderately un- 
even ; soil, fertile, particularly on the streams. 
Watered by Ipswich r. The v. contains an 
academy, 1 Congregational church, and some 
handsome dwellings. Boots and shoes are ex- 
tensively manufactured. First settled in 1639 ; 
incorporated in 1,650. There are in the t. 3 
stores, cap. $6,400 ; 2 grist m. Cap. in manufac. 
$23,500. 1 acad. 104 students, 4 sch. 411 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,059. 

TopsHAM, p-t., capital, with Wiscasset and War- 
ren, of Lincoln co., Me., 29 s. by w. Augusta, 571 
W. Bounded s. and e. by Androscoggin r., which 
affords great water power, and furnishes exten- 
sive facilities for navigation and ship building. 
Lumber is largely exported. Incorporated in 
1764. It contains a courthouse. It lies opposite 
to Brunswick, with which it is connected by a 
substantial bridge. It has 9 stores, cap. $23,000; 
1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 13 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $116,000. 12 sch. 642 scholars. 
Pop. 1,883. 

TopsHAM, p-t.. Orange co., Vt., 23 s. e. Mont- 
pelier, 525 W. The surface is uneven and stony ; 
soil, adapted to grain and to grazing. Watered 
by head branches of Wait's r. It has a town 
house, occupied also as a church by several de- 
nominations. Chartered in 1761 ; first settled in 
in 1781 ; organized in 1790. It has 2 stores, cap. 
$8,000 ; 2 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 3 grist m., 10 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $88,100. 18 sch. 650 
scholars. Pop. 1,745. 

Toriut's Store, p-o., Chester dist., S. C, 65 
N. Columbia, 458 W. 

Toronto, p-o., Vermilion co., la., 81 w. Indi- 
anapohs, 652 W. 

ToRRiNGFORD, p-v., Torriugton t., Litchfield 
CO., Ct., 24 w. by n. Hartford, 335 W. Situated 
in the e. part of the t., and contains a Congrega- 
tional church. 

ToRKiNGTON, p-t., Litchfield co., Ct.,28 \v*. by 
N. Hartford, 335 W. The surface is uneven; 



soil, adapted to grazing. Drained by Naugatuck 
r. and its branches. It contains 5 churches — 3 
Congregational, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist. In 
its s. part is the flourishing manufacturing v. of 
Wolcottville, which contains 1 Congregational 
church, an academy, 3 stories, of brick, used also 
as a church by several denominations, 4 stores, 
a L'rge woollen fac, and about 40 dwellings. 
There are in the t. 3 stores, cap. $12,000; 1 
woollen fac, 1 tannery, 4 grist m., 8 saw ra. 
Cap. in manufac. $152,500. 14 sch. 416 scholars. 
Pop. 1,707. 

TossNOT Depot, p-o., Edgecombe co., N. C, 
72 E. Raleigh, 259 W. It is on the Wilmington 
and Raleigh railroad. 

ToTTENs Wells, p-o., Obion co., Tenn., 140 
w. by N. Nashville, 826 W. 

Toulon, p-v., capital of Stark co., 111. It con- 
tains a courthouse and a number of dwellings. 

Toulon, p-v., Haywood co., Tenn., 167 w. s. 
w. Nashville, 850 W. 

TowAMENSiNG, t., Montgomery co., Pa., 20 
Philadelphia, 9 Norristovvn. The surface is level ; 
soil, red shale. Drained by Skippack and Towa- 
mensing creeks. It contains a church near its 
centre. It has 1 store, cap. $1,500 ; 2 grist m., 3 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,820. 4 sch. 153 
scholars. Pop. 763. 

TowAMENSiNG, t., Northampton co.. Pa., 87 e. 
N. E. Harrisburg, 194 W. The surface is a mass 
of mountains, three fourths of which is a desert ; 
soil, gravel. Lehigh r., on its w. boundary, seoa- 
rates it from Mauch Chunk and Lausanne town- 
sliips. Near its s. w. boundary is a Lutheran 
church. It has 6 stores, cap. $15,500; 3 lumber 
yards, cap. $6,200; 1 fulling m., 2 furnaces, 1 
forge, 1 tannery, 5 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $65,000. 5 sch. 140 scholars. Pop. 
1,847. 

TowANDA, p-t., capital of Bradford co.. Pa., 134 
N. by E. Harrisburg, 244 W. The surface is hil- 
ly ; soil, gravelly loam. Drained by Sugar cr., 
flowing into Susquehanna r., which bounds it on 
the E. It contains bituminous coal. The h. is 
situated on the w. bank of the n. branch of Sus- 
quehanna r., and is the capital of the co. Incor- 
porated in 1828, and contains a court house, jail ; 
16 stores, cap. ,$64,349 ; 1 furnace, 1 tannery, 1 
distillery, 3 printing offices, 3 weekly newspa- 
pers. Cap. in manufac. $18,700. 1 acad. 80 
students, 1 sch. 63 scholars. Pop. 912. There 
are in the t., exclusive of the borough, 1 fulling 
m., 1 woollen fac, 2 grist m., 1 furnace, 3 saw m., 
1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $5,100. 4 sch. 227 
scholars. Pop. 1,002. 

Tower Hill, p-v., S. Kingston t, Washington 
CO., R. I., 37 s. Providence, 396 W. It contains 
an Episcopal church. 

Towlesville, p-o., Howard t., Steuben co., 
N. Y., 227 w. by s. Albany, 307 W. 

Town Creek, p-o., Alleghany co., Md. 

Towners, p-o., Patterson t., Putnam co., N. Y., 
95 s. by E. Albany, 292 W. 

Town Hill, p-o., Luzerne co., Pa. 

Town Llne, p-o-, Lancaster t., Erie co., N. Y., 
275 w. Albany, 382 W 

TowNSBURV, p-o., Warren co., N. J., 65 n. n. 
w. Trenton, 220 W. 

TowNSEND, p-t., Windham co., Vt., 117 s. 
MontpeUer, 439 W. The surface is generally 
uneven, with elevated and steep hills ; soil, 
adapted to grazing, and producing grain, fertile, 
especially along the streams. Watered by West 
r. The principal v. contains a Congregational 
and a Baptist church, 3 stores, and about 40 
dwellings. The Leland Classical and English 
school here has a brick building 54 by 36 feet, 



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and a large boarding house for its students. 
There are in the t. 4 stores, cap. $13,500 ; 1 full- 
ing m., 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 4 saw ni. Cap. in 
manuf'ac. $3,125. 1 acad. 156 students, 9 sch. 
430 scholars. Pop. 1,345. 

TowNSE.ND, p-t., Middlesex CO., Mass., 41 n. w. 
Boston, 437 W. The surface is level or undula- 
ting; soil, light and indifTerent. Drained by 
Squanticook r., and its branches, flowing into 
Nashua r. The v., on the n. side of Squanticook 
r., contains 1 Congregational and 1 Unitarian 
church. There are in the t. 6 stores, capital 
$23,500 ; 1 cotton fac. 256 sp., 1 furnace, 2 tan- 
neries, 4 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$9,000. 1 acad. 70 students, 11 sch. 655 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,892. • 

ToWiNSEND, p-o., Dix t., Chemung co., N. Y., 
194 w. s. w. Albany, 302 W. 

TowNSEXD, p-t., Sandusky co., O., 102 n. Co- 
lumbus, 417 W. It has 4 sch. 147 scholars. Pop. 
692. 

TowNSEND, t., Huron co., O., 3 e. Norwalk. 
Drained by branches of Old Woman's cr., which 
flows N. into Lake Erie. It has 5 sch. 137 schol- 
ars. Pop. 863. 

TowNSEND Harbor, p-v., Townsend t., Mid- 
dlesex CO., Mass., 39 n. w. IJoston, 435 W. Sit- 
uated in the e. part of the t., and contains seve- 
ral stores and mills, and a number of dwellings. 

Towi\SENDviLLE, p-o., Lodi t., Seneca co., N. 
York. 

TowNViLLE, p-o., Anderson dist., S. C, 154 
w. N. w. Columbia, 559 W. 

Towso.XTOWN, p-v., Baltimore co., Md., 37 n. 
Annapolis, 47 W. It contains about 20 dwell- 
ings. 

Tracey's Landing, p-o., Anne Arundel co., 
Md., 24 N. Annapolis, 44 W. 

TRANauiLiTY, p-o., Granville co., N. C, 29 n. 
Raleigh, 276 W. 

Tra.nsylvania, p-v., Sugar Creek t., Greene 
CO., O., 63 w. s. w. Columbus, 461 W. Situated 
on Little Miami r., and was laid out in 1829. 

Trap Hills, p-o., Wilkes co., N. C, 173 w. 
Raleigh, 380 W. 

Trappe, p-v., Upper Providence t., Mont- 
gomery CO., Pa., 81 E. Harrisburg, 164 W. It 
contains 1 church, common to Lutherans and 
German Reformed, 2 stores, and about 20 dwell- 
ings. 

Trappe, p-v., Talbot co., Md., 54 e. s. e. An- 
napolis, 94 W. 

Travelers Repose, p-o., Pocahontas co., Va., 
177 w. N. w. Richmond, 204 W. 

Travelers Rest, p-o., Greenville dist., S. C, 
117 N. w. Columbia, 512 W. 

Travelers Rest, p-v., Dooly co., Ga., 87 s. 
s. w. Milledgeville, 443 W. 

Travelers Rest, p-o., Shelby co., Ky., 53 w. 
N. w. Frankfort, 521 W. 

Travlorsville, p-o., Henry co., Va., 200 w. 
s. w. Richmond, 275 W. It has 1 store, and 
about 30 inhabitants. 

Treat's Mills, p-o., Penobscot co., Me., 107 
Augusta, 700 W. 

Tredypin, t., Chester co., Pa., 17 n. w. Phila- 
delphia. The surface is a gentle declivity ; soil, 
calcareous loam. Watered by Valley cr. It 
contains 2 churches, 1 acad. 9 students, 8 sch. 396 
scholars. Pop. 1,715. 

Tremainville, p-o., Lucas co., O., 137 N. n. 
w. Columbus, 467 W. 

Tremont, p-o., Clarke co., O., 50 w. Colum- 
bus, 443 W. 

Tremont, p-v., capital of Tazewell co.. 111., 57 
N. Springfield, 771 W. Situated on a pleasant 
prairie, and laid out in 1835. It contains a court 



house, jail, 3 churches, occupied by several de- 
nominations, 1 1 stores and groceries, 60 dwell- 
ings, and about 350 inhabitants. 

Tremont, t., Buchanan co.. Mo. Situated 1 
m. E. of Platte r. It has 1 ach. 25 scholars. Pop. 
539. ^ 

Trenton, t., Hancock co.. Me. It has 1 tan- 
nery, 2 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $1,400. 10 
sch. 496 scholars. Pop. 1,062. 

Trenton, p-t., Oneida co., N. Y., 12 n. Utica, 
96 w. n. w. Albany, 401 W. The surface is Wi- 
ly ; soil, clay loam, and fertile. Drained by Nine 
iMile and West Canada creeks, on the latter of 
which, in the e. part of the t., are Trenton Falls, 
which are the admiration of travellers. It has 10 
stores, cap. $100,500; 3 fulling m., 2 woollen 
fac, 1 furnace, 3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 4 grist m., 
12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $37,350. 1 acad. 
160 students, 23 sell. 951 scholars. Pop. 3,178. 

Trenton, city, Mercer co., N. J., and capital 
of the state, is situated on the e. side of the Del- 
aware, opposite tiie falls, and is in 40° 13' n. lat. 
and 75° 48' w. Ion. from Greenwich, and 2° 16' 
e. Ion. from W. It is 10 miles s. w. from Prince- 
ton ; 26 s. w. from New Brunswick ; 30 n. e. 
from Philadelphia; 60 s. w. from New York; 
166 from W. The population in 1810, was 3,003; 
in 1820, 3,942 ; in 1830, 3,925 ; in 1840, 4,035. Of 
these, 103 were employed in commerce ; 571 in 
manufactures and trades ; 41 in the learned pro- 
fessions. The city is at the head of steamboat 
and sloop navigation. It is regularly laid out, 
and has many good houses, stores, and other 
buildings. The villages of iMill Hill, Bloomsbury, 
and Lamberton, combined in the borough of 
South Trenton, extending a mile and a half down 
the Delaware, are suburbs of the city, and in a 
general description, should be considered as be- 
longing to it. In the city proper, there are a 
state house, 100 feet by 60, built of stone and 
stuccoed in imitation of granite ; it is beautifully 
situated on the bank of the Delaware, and com- 
manding a line view of the river, and the sur- 
rounding scenery ; a house for the residence of 
the governor of the state ; and 3 firc-proof offices, 
2 banks, a public library, established in 1750. a 
lyceum, 7 churches— 1 Presbyterian, 1 Dutch 
Reformed, 1 Episcopal, 2 Friends, 1 Methodist, 
and 1 African 3Iethodist ; and in South Trenton, 
a court house, state prison, 4 churches — 1 Baptist, 

1 Reformed Baptist, 1 Methodist, and 1 Roman 
Catholic, and about 2,000 inhabitants. There were 
in 1840, 50 retail stores, cap. $196,300 ; 4 lumber 
yards, cap. $49,000; 3 tanneries, 1 breweiy, 1 
pottery ; 3 paper fac. cap. $30,000 ; 1 rope walk, 

2 flouring m., 2 grist m., 3 saw m., 3 printing of- 
fices, 2 binderies, 2 weekly and 1 semi -weekly 
newspaper. Total cap. in manufac. $247,800. 
4 acad. 104 students, 10 sch. 314 scholars. 

At the loot of the falls or rapids a beautiful 
covered bridge crosses the Delaware, 1,100 feet 
long, resting on five arches, supported on stone 
piers. The Delaware and Raritan canal, form- 
ing a sloop navigation from Trenton to Bruns- 
wick, passes through the city, and is here enter- 
ed by a feeder taken from the Delaware, 23 miles 
above the city. The canal crosses the Assun- 
pink creek e. of the town in a fine stone aque- 
duct. Above the falls the Delaware is naviga- 
ble for large boats as far as Easlon, which adds 
much to the commercial advantages of "Trenton. 
The New Jersey railroad passes througli the 
place. A company has been chartered, with a 
capital of $200,000, for the purpose of taking the 
water from the river by means of a dam and race- 
way, and carrying it along and below the city, 
with outlets for mills, which will create a very 



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662 



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extensive water power for manufaciuring pur- 
poses. The Assunpink creek also, which enters 
the Delaware below the city, furnishes some 
water power. 

I'his town was first settled about the year 1720. 
It is memorable for the " Battle of Trenton," 
December 25th, 1776, when 1,000 Hessians were 
captured by the Americans under General Wash- 
ington. That was a gloomy period of the revo- 
lutionary war, and this event contributed greatly 
to revive the hopes of the people. Trenton was 
incorporated as a city in 1792. 

Trenton, p-v., capital of Jones co., N. C, 21 
w. by s. Newbern, 129 s. e. Raleigh, 359 W. 
Situated on the s. w. side of Trent r., a branch of 
Neuse r., and contain.s a court house, jail, and 
about 100 inhabitants. 

Trenton, p-v., capital of Dade co., Ga. Situ- 
ated 1 m. w. of Lookout cr., and 14 s. Tennessee 
r., and contains a court house, jail, and several 
dwellings. 

Trenton, p-v., Jackson co., Ala., 177 n. e. 
Tuscaloosa, 704 W. 

Trenton, p-v., capital of Gibson co., Tenn., 
131 w. by s. Nashville, 814 W. Situated on the 
s. side of the n. fork of Forked Deer r., and con- 
tains a court house, jail, 2 churches, 10 stores, 
and about 700 inhabitants. 

Trenton, p-v., Todd co., Ky., 197 s. w. Frank- 
fort, 721 W. 

Trenton, p-v., Madison t., Butler co., O., 94 
w. s.' w. Columbus, 484 W. It contains 151 in- 
habitants. 

Trenton, t., Delaware co., O. It was for- 
merly called Sunbury. It has 8 sch. 207 schol- 
ars. Fop. 1,188. 

Trenton, p-v., Knox co., 111., 105 n. n. w. 
Springfield, 819. 

Trenton, p-v., Henry co., Iowa. 

Trenton, p-v., capital of Grundy co.. Mo. 
Situated on the E. side of the E. fork of Grand r., 
and contains a court house, jail, and several 
dwellings. 

Trenton Falls, p-v., Trenton t., Oneida co., 
N. Y., 93 n. w. by w. Albany, 403 VV. Situated 
at Trenton falls, on West Canada cr., 22 miles 
above its junction with the Mohawk r. Here are 
6 separate falls. The first, called the Upper, 20 
feet perpendicular ; the 2d, the Cascades, 18 
feet ; the 3d, the Mill dam, 14 feet ; the 4th, the 
High falls, which have 3 separate cascades, of 
48, 11, and 37 feet; the fifth, Sherman's, 35 feet ; 
6th, Conrad's, where is a mill dam. The whole 
descent of the stream from the top of the Upper 
fall to the foot of Conrad's fall is 312 feet, and 
the distance is about 2 ms. The ravine through 
which the creek passes is often 100 feet deep, 
with banks of stone almost perpendicular, and 
presents scenery wildly picturesque and beauti- 
ful, and when the water is high, of great grand- 
eur. 

Trenton Works, p-o., Trenton t., Delaware 
CO., O., 29 N. Columbus, 391 W. 

Trevillin's Depot, Louisa co., Va., 65 n. w. 
Richmond, 107 W. 

Trescot, t., Washington co.. Me. Bounded 
N. and N. w. by Cobscook bay, and s. e. by the 
Atlantic. It has good harbors on branches of 
Cobscook bay, and is well situated for navigation 
and the fisheries. Incorporated in 1827. It has 
2 stores, cap. $1,500; 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $10,833. 8 sch. 282 scholars. Pop. 
793. 

Trexlertown, p-v., Macungy t., Lehigh co.. 
Pa., 79 e. n. e. Harrisburg, 172 W. It contains a 
Lutheran church, a store, and 12 or 15 dwell- 
ings. 



Triadelpiiia, p-o., Ohio co., Va., 343 n. w. 
Richmond, 256 W. 

Triadelphia, p-v., Montgomery CO., Md., 50 
w. N. w. Annapolis, 29 W. Situated on Patux- 
ent r., contains a cotton fac, and is surrounded 
by a beautiful country. 

Triana, p-v., Madison co., Ala., 15 s. w. 
Hunlsville, 142 n. n. e. Tuscaloosa, 723 W. 
Situated on the n. side of Tennessee r., at the 
mouth of Indian cr. 

Triangle, p-t., Broome co., N. Y., 126 w. s. 
w. Albany, 317 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, 
adapted to grazing. Drained by Ostelic and 
Toughnioga rivers, which here unite. It has 4 
stores, cap. $15,000; 2 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 2 
grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,350. 
13 sch. 371 scholars. Pop. 1,692. 

Trice's Store, p-o.. Orange co., N. C, 35 n. 
w. Raleigh, 293 W. 

Trigg, county, Ky. Situated in the s., to- 
ward the w. part of the state, and contains 510 
sq. ms. Tennessee r. bounds it on the w. Cum- 
berland river passes through it. Drained by Lit- 
tle r. and its branches, flowing into Cumberland 
r. Capital, Cadiz. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 7,993, sheep 8,134, swine 30,115; wheat 
37,172 bushels produced, rye 4,975, Indian corn 
499,255, oats 93,270, potatoes 9,387, tobacco 
1,879,537 pounds, cotton 21,361, sugar 4,235; 
13 stores, cap. $59,600 ; 4 tanneries, 7 grist m., 6 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $74,100. 11 sch. 265 
scholars. Pop. whites 5,614, slaves 2,052, free 
col'd 50 ; total 7,716. 

Trimble, county, Ky. Situated in the n. part 
of the state, and contains 150 sq. ms. Bounded 
N. and w. by Ohio r. Drained by Little Ken- 
tucky r., and small streams flowing into the Ohio 
r. Capital, Bedford. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 4,887, sheep 6,572, swine 12,054; wheat 
27,571 bush, prod., Ind. corn 177,920, oats 30.557, 
potatoes 6,691, tobacco 385,140 pounds ; 7 stores, 
cap. $23,300 ; 3 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 2 flour- 
ing m., 10 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$58,860. 8 sch. 205 scholars. Pop. whites 
3,787, slaves 673, free col'd 20 ; total, 4,480. 

Trimble, p-t., Athens co., O., 71 s. E. Colum- 
bus, 354 W. Drained by Sunday cr., a branch 
of Hockhocking r. It has 1 grist m. Pop. 762. 

Trimbles Iron Works, p-o., Greenup co., 
Ky., 143 E. by n. Frankfort, 436 W. 

Trires Hill, p-v., Amsterdam t., Montgom- 
ery CO., N. Y., 37 N. w. Albany, 407 W. It con- 
tains 1 church, 2 stores, and about 20 dwellings. 

Triplet, p-o., Fleming co., Ky., 97 e. by n. 
Frankfort, 475 W. 

Trivoli, p-o., Peoria co., EL, 86 n. Spring- 
field, 802 W. 

Trollinger's Bridge, p-o.. Orange co., N. 
C, 56 w. N. w. Raleigh, 290 W. 

Troublesome, p-o., Rockingham co., N. C, 
104 N. w. Raleigh, 281 W. Situated on Trouble- 
some cr., where are iron works. 

Trough Creek, p-o., Union t., Huntingdon 
CO., Pa., 93 w. Harrisburg, 137 W. The creek is 
formed by a n. and s. branch, which unite in the 
middle of the t., and forcing a passage through 
Terrace mountain, it enters the Raystown branch 
of Juniata r. The creek gives name to the post- 
office. 

Troup, county, Ga. Situated in the w. part 
of the state, and contains 430 square miles. 
Drained by Chattahoochee r. and several small 
branches, the principal of which is Yellow Jacket 
creek. Capital, La Grange. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 13,730, sheep 6,525, swine 
30,996 ; wheat 63,525 bush, prod., rye 2,857, Ind. 
com 469,635, barley 1,363, oats 35,655, potatoes 



TRO 



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23,369, tobacco 1,746 pounds, cotton 2,926,043 ; 
47 stores, cap. §1-44,370; 5 tanneries, 11 distille- 
ries, 19 flouring m., 25 grist m., 15 saw m., 1 print- 
ing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in mann- 
iac. $54,616. 5 acad. 318 students, 20 sch. 520 
scholars. Pop. whites 8,632, slaves 7,023, free 
col'd 28 ; total, 15,733. 

Troupsburg, p-t., Steuben co., N. Y., 246 w. 
by s. Albany, 282 W. The surface is undula- 
ting ; soil, clay, and gravelly loam, adapted to 
grass. Drained by Cowanesque cr. It has 2 
stores, cap. $1,500 ; 1 grist m. Cap. in manufac. 
$600. 10 sch. 275 scholars. Pop. 1,171. 

Troupsville, p-v., capital of Lowndes co., Ga., 
271 s. Milledgeville, 886 W. Situated on the e. 
side of Withlacoochee r. It contains a court 
house, jail, and about 200 inhabitants. 

Trout Run, p-o., Jackson t., Lycoming co.. 
Pa., 108 N. Harrisburg, 218 W. 

Troy, p-t., Waldo co.. Me., 33 n. e. Augusta, 
634 W. The surface is undulating; soil, fer- 
tile, adapted to grain. Drained by branches of 
Sebasticook r., flowing into and through a large 
pond on its w. border. Incorporated in 1812; 
received its present name in 1827. It has 1 full- 
ing m., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $5,675. 13 sch. 609 scholars. Pop. 
1,375. 

Troy, p-t., Cheshire co., N. H., 57 s. w. Con- 
cord, 432 W. Drained by branches of Ashuelot 
r. It has 2 stores, cap. $10,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 
woollen fac, 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 5 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $25,900. 1 acad. 35 students, 
6 sch. 255 scholars. Pop. 683. 

Troy, p-t , Orleans co., Vt., 53 n. by e. Mont- 
pelier, 569 W. The surface is generally level ; 
soil, a strong loam, with fine intervales along the 
streams. Watered by Missisque r. and its tribu- 
taries, which afford good water power. The 
Missisque has here a fall of 70 feet, above which 
a rock projects 120 feet in perpendicular height, 
presenting an imposing spectacle. Chartered in 
1792; first settled in 1800. Iron ore is found. 
It has 4 .stores, cap. $11,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 fur- 
nace, 1 forge, 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 4 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $14,350. 8 sch. 313 scholars. 
Pop. 856. 

Troy, t., Crawford co.. Pa. It has 1 store, 2 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,000. Pop. 5.54. 

Troy, city, port of entry, and capital of Rens- 
selaer CO., N. Y. It is pleasantly situated on 
the E. side of Hudson r., 6 n. Albany, 151 n. N. 
York, 376 W. It is in 42° 44' n. lat., 73° 40' w. 
Ion., 3" 15' E. Ion. from W. Pop. 1810, 3,895; 
1820, 5,264 ; 1830, 11,405 ; 1840, 19,334 : of these 
796 were employed in commerce, 2,279 in manu- 
factures and trades, 208 na\'igating the ocean, 
rivers, &c., 218 in the learned professions. Its 
limits extend about 3 miles along the river, and 
its breadth is U miles. The plat includes an 
alluvial flat, somewhat raised above the level of 
the river, and bordered on the e. by hills of con- 
siderable elevation, from which descend two 
considerable streams, denominated Poesten Kill, 
and Wyant's Kill, which have romantic cataracts 
and cascades, and afford extensive water power 
for mills and machinery. The city is laid out 
with great regularity. The main business street, 
called River-street, follows the course of the 
river and is curved, but the other streets are 
straight and cross each other at right angles. 
There are 15 streets running n. and s., numbers 
of which fiill successively into River-street ; these 
are crossed by 19 others running e. and w. The 
streets are generally 60 feet wide, well paved 
and have good sidewalks, and are generally or- 
namented by trees and well lighted. The 



houses are mostly built of brick, and with great 
neatness and taste, and a nimiber of the public 
and private buildings are elegant. The court 
house is a large marble building with a fine 
Grecian front of the Doric order. There is a 
brick jail, and a county poorhouse with a farm 
of 200 acres. The Rensselaer Institute is de- 
signed to give a scientific and practical educa- 
tion, and the Troy Female Institute has been 
very celebrated. There are also several other 
schools of a high order. There is a Lyceum of 
Natural History, with a valuable library, and a 
cabinet of minerals and natural history ; a Young 
iMen's Association, with a large library, cabinet, 
and reading room. There are in the city 2 ex- 
cellent market-houses. Some of the churches 
are elegant buildings ; one of them, an Episcopal, 
is a fine specimen of the Gothic architecture. 
There are 18 churches — 7 Presbyterian, 3 Epis- 
copal, 2 Baptist, 2 Methodist, 1 Roman Catholic, 
1 Universalist, 1 Friends Jleeting house, and 1 
African. There are 6 banks, with an aggregate 
capital of $1,563,000 ; and 2 insurance compa- 
nies. 

Troy is well situated for commerce. Being 
at the head of tidewater on the Hudson, sloops 
and steamboats come to its wharves. Sixty 
sloops, 3 large and 2 smaller steamboats, 5 steam 
tow-boats, and 22 barges are engaged in the trade 
between this city and New York. Troy has a 
rich and extensive back country to the .\. and .\. 
E., with which it is connected by fine roads, and 
it also participates in the advantages of the Erie 
and the Champlain canals. There were in 1840, 
44 commercial and 13 commi-ssion houses engaged 
in foreign trade, with a cap. of $2,274,621 ; 270 
retail stores, cap. $944,903 ; 8 hmiber yards, cap. 
$206,000; 4 furnaces, 8 forges, cap. $279,000; 
machinery manufactured, value $17,000 ; hard- 
ware and cutlery, $925,400 ; 3 fulling m., 1 
woollen fac, cap. $50,000 ; 7 cotton fac. 35,500 
sp., cap. $352,150; 7 tanneries, cap. $91,OaO; 1 
distillery, 3 breweries, cap. .$110,000 ; manufac- 
tures of leather, cap. $489,525 ; 1 pottery, 1 rope- 
walk, 13 flouring m., 2 saw m., 3 paper fac, 4 
printing offices, 2 binderies, 2 daily, 3 weekly, 1 
semi-weekly newspaper, and 1 periodical ; 41 
brick and stone, and 21 wooden houses were 
built, and cost $190,430. Cap. in manufac. 
$2,423,135. 11 acad. 446 students, 40 sch. 1,261 
scholars. 

The water power of Troy is great. It is de- 
rived not only from the streams which flow from 
the hills on the e., but a dam with a lock across 
the Hudson, is not only valuable for navigation, 
but renders most of the water of the river avail- 
able for manufacturing purposes. The city is 
abundantly supplied with pure and wholesome 
water from a reservoir in the n. part of city, sup- 
plied from a creek, and is conveyed in iron pipes 
through the city, supplying not oidy families, but 
fountains and hydrants, from which the water can 
be thrown, by its pressure alone, over the highest 
houses. A railroad connects the city with Ballston 
Spa, where it joins the Schenectady railroad to Sa- 
ratoga. Troy was incorporated asacityin 1816. 
In 1820adisastrous fire swept over and destroyed 
the richest and most important part of the city. 

West Troy, Watervliet t., on the w. side of 
the Hudson r., though in a different county, is 
properly a suburb of Troy, with which it is con- 
nected by a bridge and two ferries. This grow- 
ing village was incorporated in 1836, and con- 
tains 800 dwelling houses, and 5,000 inhabitants. 
It has 8 churches; the VVatervliet bank, with a 
capital of $150,000; and an extensive United 
I States Arsenal. In the n. part of the village, the 



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664 



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S. branrh of the Moliawk unites with the Hud- 
son, and here is a hiteral canal, by which the 
Erie canal enters the river ; and there is a se- 
cond lateral canal a mile below. The waters of 
this s. lateral canal pass through the grounds of 
the Arsenal, comprising about 100 acres, enclos- 
ed on 3 sides by an iron fence, and in the rear 
by a stone wall, containing a large number of 
buildings ; and an extensive water power is here 
afTorded by the waste water of the canal, for 
the use of the establishment. About 200 oflicers, 
soldiers and workmen, are attached to the Arse- 
nal, and manufacture arms, and munitions of war, 
to the amount of $100,000 annually. The value 
on hand, Jan. 1st, 1841, was $1,662,230. In the 
yards of the Arsenal are found cannon which 
were captured at Saratoga and at Vorktown, 
and others cast in New \ork and Philadelphia 
during the revolution. 

There were in 1840, in the t. of VVatervliet, 94 
stores, cap. $100,853; 4 lumber yards, cap. 
$73,000 ; value of machinery produced, $35,000 ; 
3 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, cap. $95,000 ; 2 cot- 
ion fac. 5,160 sp., cap. $225,000; 1 brewery, 
cap. $100,000 ; 1 paper fac, 2 ropewalks, 2 flour- 
ing m., 10 grist m., 12 saw m., 1 printing office, 
and 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. 
$723,115. 13 sch. 1,600 scholars. Pop. 10,141. 

Troy, p-t., Bradford co.. Pa., 149 n. by k. 
Harrisburg, 256 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, 
gravelly loam. Drained by branches of Sugar 
r., flowing e. to the Susquehanna r. It has 4 
stores, cap. $14,000 ; 1 lulling m., 1 furnace, 2 
tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 printing office, 1 weekly 
newspaper, 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $15,950. 1 acad. 20 students, 1 sch. 474 
scholars. Pop. 1,664. 

Trov, p-v., capital of Pike co., Ala., 174 s. E. 
Tuscaloosa, 863 W. It contains a court house, 
jail, and about 100 inhabitants. 

Troy, p-v., Yalabusha co., Miss., 119 n. n. e. 
Jackson, 964 W. 

Troy, p-v., capital of Obion co., Tenn., 164 w. 
by N. Nashville, 846 W. Situated on a branch 
of Obion r. It contains a court house, jail, and 
about 250 inhabitants. 

Troy, p-t., capital of Miami co., O., 68 w. by 
N. Columbus, 460 W. The v. is situated on the 
w. bank of Great Miami r. It contains a neat 
brick court house, a jail, 14 stores, a printing 
office, and about 200 dwellings. There are in 
the t. 2 sch. 70 scholars. Pop. 1,351. 

Troy, t., Athens co., O. It has 8 stores, cap. 
$4,500 ; 1 tannery, 1 printing office, 1 weekly 
newspaper, 7 sch. 141 scholars. Pop. 1,056. 

Troy, t., Delaware co., O. It has 6 sch. 127 
scholars. Pop. 838. 

Troy, t., Geauga co., O. It has 4 sch. 130 
scholars. Pop. 1,208. 

Troy, t., Lorain co., O. Pop. 289. 

Troy, t., Richland co., O. Pop. 1,939. 

Troy, t., Wood co., O. It has 4 sch. 69 schol- 
ars. Pop. 333. 

Troy, p-v., capital of Perry co., la., 168 s. s. 
w. IndianapoUs, 687 W. Situated on Ohio r., 1 
mile above the mouth of Anderson's cr. It con- 
tains a court house, jail, 1 church, several stores, 
and about 200 inhabitants. 

Troy, t., Fountain co., la. It has 30 sch. 407 
scholars. Pop. 1,719. 

Troy, p-t., Oakland co., Mich., 22 N. w. De- 
troit, 546 W. Watered by head branches of Red 
river. It has 3 stores, cap. $8,000. Capital in 
manufactures $850. 9 sch. 682 scholars. Pop. 
1,482. 

Troy, p-v., Milwaukie co., Wis., 73 e. Madi- 
son, 806 W. 



Troy, t., Walworth co.. Wis. It has 1 sch. 25 
scholars. Pop. 432. 

Troy, p-v., capital of Lincoln co.. Mo., 129 e. 
.\. e. Jefferson City, 860 W. Formerly called 
Wood's Fort. It is situated on the s. w. side of 
Cuivre r., and contains a court house, jail, and 
about 300 inhabitants. 

Troy Furnace, p-o., Orleans co., Vt. 

Troy Grove, p-o.. La Salle co.. 111. Situated 
on Little Vermilion r., 12 ms. above its mouth. 

Troy Mills, p-o., Fulton co., 111., 80 n. w. 
Springfield, 826 W. 

Troy's Store, p-o., Randolph co., N. C, 67 
w. Raleigh, 318 W. 

Truago, p-v., Monguagon t., Wayne co., Mich., 
32 s. Detroit, 511 W. Situated on the w. bank 
of Detroit r., opposite Grass island. It contains 
a wharf, a store, and about 10 dwellings. 

Truxville, p-o., Luzerne co., Pa., 129 n. E. 
Harrisburg, 236 W. 

Trum.\nsbiirg, p-v., Ulysses t., Tompkins co., 
N. Y., 173 w. by s. Albany, 306 W. It contains 
3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, and 1 
Methodist — a female seminary, 7 stores, 2 grist 
m., 1 saw m., 2 carriage fac, 1 furnace, 1 carding 
and cloth dressing fac, 125 dwellings, and about 
800 inhabitants. 

Tru!vib.\ursville, p-v., Bucks co.. Pa., 95 e. 
Harrisburg, 174 W. 

Trumbitll, county, O. Situated toward the 
N. E. part of the state, and contains 875 sq. miles. 
Drained by Mahoning r., and Musketoe, Shenan- 
go, Meander, and Mill crs., and by head branches 
of Grand r. The surface is undulating ; soil, fer- 
tile, adapted to grazing. It exports cattle, butter, 
cheese, and grain. It is the oldest county on the 
Connecticut Reserve, and was named in honor 
of Gov. Trumbull of Connecticut. The early 
records of the counties on the Reserve are copied 
from the records of this county. The Pennsyl- 
vania and Ohio canal, here called the Mahoning 
canal, passes through the county. Capital, War- 
ren. There were in 1840, neat cattle 48,835, 
sheep 77,486, swine 41,970 ; wheat 241,563 bush, 
prod., rye 24,858, Ind. corn 388,421, buckwheat 
104,557, oats 221,262, potatoes 254,284, sugar 
208,359 pounds ; 8 commission houses, capital 
$10,100 ; 45 stores, cap. $231,600 ; 8 fulling m., I 
woollen fac, 23 tanneries, 4 distilleries, 1 brew- 
ery, 44 grist m., 120 saw m., 3 oil m., 2 printing 
offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac 
$13,200. 1 acad. 179 students, 236 sch. 13,572 
scholars. Pop. 33,107. 

Trumbull, p-t., Fairfield co., Ct., 5 n. Bridge- 
port, 59 s. w. Hartford, 2S8 W. The surface is 
uneven ; soil, gravelly loam, and generally fer- 
tile. Incorporated from Stratford in 1798. Drain- 
ed by Pequannock r., which enters Bridgeport 
harbor. It contains 4 churches — 2 Episcopal, 1 
Congregational, and 1 Methodist. It has 3 stores, 
cap. $5,000 ; 1 woollen fac, 3 grist m., 4 saw m. 
Capital in manufac. $2,000. 5 sch. 142 scholars. 
Pop. 1,204. 

Trumbull, p-t., Ashtabula co., O., 186 n. e. 
Columbus, 337 W. Organized in 1825. It has 1 
grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,150. 3 
sch. 100 scholars. Pop. 433. 

Trumbull Long Hill, p-v., Trumbull t., 
Fairfield co.. Ct., 62 s. w. Hartford, 291 W. It is 
the first land seen from the ocean in this direction. 

Trundle's Cross Roads, p-o., Sevier co., 
Tenn., 198 e. by s. Nashville, 5U9 W. 

Truro, p-t., Barnstable co., Mass., 112 s. E. 
Boston, 513 W. By water it is only 65 ms. from 
Boston. It occupies the n. part of Cape Cod. It 
is bounded n. e. by the Atlantic, and has Cape a 

Cod bay on the s. e. The soil is light and sandy 



TUL 



665 



TUN 



with a scanty growth of vegetation. The inhab- 
itants derive their chief subsistence, and a very 
good one, from tlie lisheries. It has 4 dmrches — 
'2 Congregational, 1 Unitarian, and 1 Methodist. 
Salt is extensively mtmufacturcd. First settled 
in 1700, and incorporated in 1709. It has an in- 
let from Cape Cod bay, called Pamet r., 3 miles 
long, and from a half to tlA-ee fonrlhs of a mile 
wide. It has 16 stores, cap. f 15,700; 4 grist m. 
Cap. in manufac. §4,690. 1 acad. 52 students, 
ri sch. 567 scholars. Pop. 1,920. 

Truro, t., Franklin co., O. Tlie soil is gene- 
rally fertile. Watered by Gahannah and Black- 
lick crs., which afford water power. First settled 
from Truro in Nova Scotia. It has 1 school 25 
scholars. Pop. 1,103. 

Truss, p-o., Jefferson co., Ala., 71 n. e. Tus- 
caloosa, 747 W. 

Tru.xton, p-t., Cortland co., N. Y., 12 n. e. 
Cortland, 130 vv. Albany, 327 W. The surface 
is undulating ; soil, calcareous gravel and argil- 
laceous loam. Drained by Toughnioga r. The 
V. contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Baptist church, 
4 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 2 sash fac, 1 fur- 
nace, 1 tannery, 50 dwellings, and about 300 in- 
habitants. There are in the t. 5 stores, capital 
$15,400; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 furnace, 
3 tanneries, 5 grist m., 25 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. 
in rnanufactm-es $39,550. 31 sch. 1,205 scholars. 
Pop. 3,658. 

Tkyon-, p-o., Rutherford co., N. C, 237 w. s. 
w. Raleigh, 479 \V. 

TucKAHOE, p-o., Jones co., N. C, 109 s. e. 
Raleigh, 339 W. 

TucKAHOE, p-o., Jefferson co., Tenn., 203 e. 
Nashville, 493 W. 

TucKAUOE Bridge, p-v., Cape May co., N. J., 
76 s. Trenton, 186 W. The v. is situated on both 
sides of Tuckahoe cr., connected by a bridge, 10 
ms. from the sea. It contains several stores, and 
about 20 dwellings. It exports wood and lumber. 

TucKASAGA, p-v., Mecklenburg co., N. C, 169 
w. s. w. Raleigh, 408 W. 

TucKASEEKiNG, p-0., Effingham co., Ga., 142 
E. s. E. Milledgeville, 664 W. 

Tucker's Cabi.\, p-o., Henry co., Ga., 79 w. 
N. w. Milledgeville, 683 W. 

Tuckerton, p-v., Little Egg Harbor t., Bur- 
lington CO., N. J., 69 s. Trenton, 192 VV. Situa- 
ted on Shord's Mill Branch cr., 6 ms. from Little 
Egg Harbor bay, from which wood-scows and 
flats ascend to the v. It contains 3 churches — 2 
Methodist and 1 Friends — 5 stores, and about 40 
dwellings. Timber and wood are exported, and 
salt is manufactured. It is resorted to in the 
summer for sea bathing. 

TuFTONBOROOGH, p-t., Carroll co., N. H., 44 
E. by N. Concord, 525 W. Winnipiseogee lake 
bounds it on the s. w., and presents a fine water 
prospect. It has several ponds, one of which, in 
the N. E. part, discharges its waters into Ossipee 
lake. First settled in 1780 ; incorporated in 17^5. 
It has 3 stores, cap. $5,000 ; 1 fulling m., 2 grist 
m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,550. 10 sch. 
415 scholars. Pop. 1,281. 

TuLLV, p-t., Onondaga Co., N. V., 10 s. Syra- 
cuse, 127 \v. by .\. Albany, 328 W. The surface 
is generally level ; soil, clay loam, well adapted 
to grazing. Drained by Onondaga creek and 
Toughnioga river. The v. contains 1 church, 2 
stores, 1 grist m., 45 dwellings, and about 300 in- 
habitants. The t. has 3 stores, cap. $21,000; 1 
fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 
7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $20,600. 9 sch. 540 
scholars. Pop. 1,663. 

TuLLY. p-v., Lewis co., 3Io., 136 n. by e. Jef- 
ferson City, 905 W. 

84 



TuLLY, t., Marion co., O. It has 5 sch. 190 
scholars. Pop. 870. 

TuLLY, t.. Van Wen co., O. Pop. 99. 

TuLLYTO.v, p-v., Greenville dist., S. C, 107 
w. N. w. Columbia, 532 W. 

TuLLYTOWN, p-v.. Falls t., Bucks co.. Pa., 119 
E. Harrisburg, 159 W. Situated 4 miles from 
Bristol, on the road to Trenton, and contains 1 
store, and 6 or 8 dwellings. 

TuLLY Valley, p-o., Tully t., Onondaga co., 
N. Y., 131 w. by N. Albany, 332 W. 

Tumbling Shoals, p-o., Laurens dist., S. C, 
82 w. N. w. Columbia, 508 W. 

TuNBRiDGE, p-t., Orange co., Vt., 32 s. s. e. 
Montpelier, 495 VV. The surface is uneven and 
broken ; soil, a deep, rich lo.am, with some inter- 
vales along the streams. Watered by the First 
Branch of White r., which affords water power. 
It contains 5 churches, belonging to the Congre- 
gationalists. Free-will Baptists, Methodists, and 
LIniversalists. The v. at the centre, on the First 
Branch of White r., contains 1 church, 2 stores, 
1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 fulling m., and 1 trip-ham- 
mer works. There is a sulphur spring in the w. 
part of the t. There are in the t. 2 tanneries, 1 
grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,700. 1 
acad. 40 students, 20 sch. 640 scholars. Pop. 
1,811. 

TuLPEHOCKEN, t., Berks co.. Pa. The sur- 
face is diversified ; soil, calcareous loam and 
gravel, and very fertile. Drained by Northkill 
and Little Northkill creeks, tributaries of Tulpe- 
hocken cr. The Union canal passes along its 
s. border. It contains a church, common to Pres- 
byterians and Lutherans. It has 2 stores, cap. 
$6,000 ; 1 lumber yard, cap. $4,000 ; 1 lulling m., 
1 woollen fac, 2 forges, 4 tainieries, 5 distilleries, 
5 grist m., 6 saw in. Cap. in manufac. $10,220. 
Pop. 1,581. 

TuNKKAXNOcK, r.. Pa., rises in Jackson t., Sus- 
quehanna CO., at the foot of Ararat mountain, 
and flows s. w. through Wyoming co. into Sus- 
quehanna r., on the .\. side of Tunkhannock 
mountain. It is about 30 ms. long. 

Tu.VKiiANNOCK, p t., capitil of Wyoming co., 
Pa., 154 N. N. E. Harrihburg, 259 VV. Bounded 
s. w. by Susquehanna r. The surface is uneven ; 
soil, fertile along the streams. Drained by Tunk- 
hannock and Meshoppen creeks. The v. is situ- 
ated at the mouth of Tunkhannock cr., and con- 
tains a court house, jail, several stores and me- 
chanic shops, and a nmnber of dwellings. The 
t. furnishes a large amount of lumber. Tunk- 
hannock mountain crosses it diagonally, and near 
the s. boundary has an elevation of 640 feet. 
There are in the t. 12 stores, cap. $63,1.00 ; 1 full- 
ing m., 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 3 grist m., 11 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $21,560. 8 sch. 288 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,93:). 

Tunica, coimty, IMiss. Situated in the n. w. 
part of the state, and contains 60J sq. ms. Mis- 
sissippi r. bounds it on the w. Coldwater r. 
passes through its .\. e. part, by branches of 
which, and by small streams flowing into Missis- 
.sippi r., it is drained. It contains several small 
lakes. Capital, Peyton. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 1,863, .sheep 77, swine 2,089; wheat 
436 bush, produced, Indian corn 24,210, potatoes 
1,146, cotton 222 pounds; 3 commission houses, 
cap. $31,000; 2 breweries, 2 grist m.. 2 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $4,9.)0. 1 school 62 scholars. 
Pop. wliites 566, slaves 251, free cord4; total, 
821. 

TuNNELL, p-o., Alleghany co., Md., 153 w. n. 
w. Annapolis, 112 W. 

TuNNELL, p-o., Indiana co.. Pa., 180 w. N. w. 
Harrisburg, 208 W. 



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666 



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TuNNELL Hill, p-o., Murray co., Ga., 200 n. 
w. Milledgeville, 621 W. 

Tunnell's Store, p-o., Sussex co., Del., 74 s. 
Dover, 161 W. 

TuNUNGWANT, p-o., McKean co.. Pa., 214 n. 
w. Harrisburg, 297 W. 

TuNUNGWANT MiLLS, p-0., Cattaraugus co., 
N. Y. 

Tupper's Lake, N. Y. Situated in the s. w. 
part of Franklin co., is 6 miles long and 2 wide, 
abounding with excellent trout and other fish. 

Tupper's Plains, p-o.. Orange t., Meigs co., 
O., 103 s. e. Columbus, 326 W. 

TuRBUT, t., Northumberland co.. Pa., 14 n. 
Sunbury. The surface is level ; soil, calcareous 
loam and alluvion. Drained by Delaware, War- 
rior, Muddy, and Limestone runs, flowing into 
the w. branch of Susqueiianna r., which bounds 
it on the w. It has 5 stores, cap. $20,500 ; 1 tan- 
nery, 2 distilleries, 3 grist m. Cap. in manufac. 
$21,550. 8 sch. 415 scholars. Pop. 3,872. 

TuRBUTviLLE, p-0., Turbut t., Northumber- 
land CO., Pa., 78 N. Harrisburg, 18S W. 

Turin, p-t., Lewis co., N. Y., 126 n. w. Alba- 
ny, 435 W. The surface is rolling ; soil, a fertile 
loam. Drained by small tributaries of Black r. 
The v. is situated on a branch of Black r., and 
contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist church, 
6 stores, 2 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 woollen fac, 1 
tannery, 40 dwellings, and about 250 inhabitants. 
Tliere are in the t. 5 stores, cap. $19,030 ; 2 tan- 
neries, 1 flouring m., 2 grist m., 9 saw m , 1 oil m. 
Cap. in manufac. $10,400. 16 sch. 571 scholars. 
Pop. 1,704. 

Turkey, p-o., Monmouth co., N. J., 39 e. Tren- 
ton, 205 VV. 

Turkey Cove, p-o., Lee co., Va. 

Turkey Cove, p-o., Burke co., N. C, 230 w. 
Raleigh, 460 W. 

Turkey Creek, p-o,, Buncombe co., N. C, 
14 w. AshviUe, 271 w. Raleigh, 501 W. 

Turkey Foot, p-t., Somerset co.. Pa., 15 s. w. 
Bedford, 160 w. by s. Harrisburg, 178 W. The 
surface is hilly ; soil, a fertile loam. Laurel 
mountain is on the w. and Negro mountain on 
the E. boundary. Drained by Castleman's r. 
and Laurel Hill cr., branches of Youghiogheny 
r. The v. is near the s. boundary, w. of Castle- 
man's r. There are in the t. 1 fulling m., 2 tan- 
neries, 5 distilleries, 5 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $3,600. 2 sch. 46 scholars. Pop. 
1,422. 

Turkey Foot, p-o., Henry co., O., 162 n. w. 
Columbus, 493 W. 

Turkey Town, p-v., Cherokee co., Ala., 128 
N. E. Tuscaloosa, 721 W. Situated a little w. 
of Coosa r., and contains about 75 inhabitants. 

Turman's Creek, p-o., Sullivan co., la., 95 s. 
w. Indianapolis, 666 W. The cr. rises in the n. 
border of Sullivan co., and flows s. \v. into Wa- 
bash r. 

Turman's Ferry, p-o., Lawrence co., Ky., 
164 E. Frankfort, 424 W. 

Turnuull, p-v., Monroe co., Ala., 127 s. Tus- 
caloosa, 919 W. Situated s. of Flat cr. 

Turner, p-t., Oxford co , Me., 30 w. s. w. Au- 
gusta, 586 W. Androscoggin r. flows on its e. 
border. Drained by a branch of Androscoggin r. 
The surface is pleasantly diversified ; soil, gen- 
erally fertile. Incorporated in 1786. It has 10 
stores^ cap. $7,500 ; 2 lumber yards, cap. $900 ; 
2 fulling m., 1 tannery, 5 grist m., 8 saw m., 1 oil 
m. Cap. in manufac. $21,655. 1 acad. 80 stu- 
dents. 17 sch. 1,067 scholars. Pop. 2,479. 

Turner's Hill, p-o., Overton co., Tenn., 109 
K. by n. Nashville, 612 W. 

Turner's Mills, p-o., Orange co., N. C. 



Turner's Store, p-o., Caroline co., Va., 37 
N. Richmond, 88 W. 

Turner's Store, p-o., Iredell co., N. C, 156 
w. Raleigh, 393 W. 

TuRNERsviLLE, p-v., Robcrtson CO., Tenn., 36 
N. N. w. Nashville, 718 W. Situated on a branch 
of the Sulphur fork of Red r. 

Turtle Creek, ^-o., Alleghany co.. Pa., 187 
w. by N. Harrisburg, 213 W. The creek, from 
which it is named, rises in Salem t., Westmore- 
land CO., and flows w. 17 ms. into Monongahela 
r., in Alleghany co. It is navigable for canoes 
10 ms. 

Turtle Creek, t., Shelby co., O. It has 2 
stores, cap. $4,200 ; 1 saw m., 4 sch. 84 scholars. 
Pop. 746. 

Turtle Creek, t., Warren co., O. It has 15 
sch. 1,090 scholars. Pop. 4,947. 

TuscAHOMA, p-o., Washington co., Ala., 112 
s. s. w. Tuscaloosa, 930 W. 

TuscAHOMA, p-v., Tallahatchie co.. Miss., 117 
N. Jackson, 986 W. Situated on the s. side of 
Yallabusha r., and contains about 75 inhabitants. 

Tuscaloosa, r., Ala., called also the Black 
Warrior r., which answers to the Choctaw Indian 
name, Tuscaloosa. It rises from 2 branches — 
Locust fork, the E. branch, and Mulberry r., the 
w. branch. The former rises in Blount co., 20 
miles s. of Tennessee r. Mulberry r., which, 
though shorter, is larger, rises in Lawrence and 
Walker counties. They unite on the boundary 
of Jeflferson and Tuscaloosa counties, and become 
the Black Warrior r., which, flovving by Tusca- 
loosa, unites with the Tombigbee r. in the s. part 
of Greene co. It is navigable for steamboats to 
Tuscaloosa, 400 ms. above Mobile, by the course 
of the r. 

Tuscaloosa, county, Ala. Situated a little n. 
w. of the centre of the state, and contains 1,350 
sq. miles. Drained by Black Warrior r. and its 
branches, and by Sipsey r., a branch of Tombig- 
bee r. The soil is very fertile. Capital, Tusca- 
loosa. There were in 1840, neat cattle 11,163, 
sheep 3,159, swine 21,160 ; wheat 17,958 bushels 
produced, rye 1,3.52, Indian corn 348,232, oats 
16,105, potatoes 16,863, cotton 2,576,002 pounds ; 
31 stores, cap. $S,000 ; 4 tanneries, 1 distillery, 5 
potteries, 1 flouring m., 24 grist m., 20 saw m., 1 
oil m. Cap. in manufac. $13,500. 4 acad. 319 
students. Pop. whites 9,943, slaves 6,554, free 
col'd 86 ; total, 16,583. 

Tuscaloosa, city, capital of Tuscaloosa co., 
Ala., and of the state, 160 s. s. w. Huntsville, 355 
N. Mobile, by course of river, 818 W. Situated 
on the s. E. side of Black Warrior or Tuscaloosa 
r., at the lower iiills, on an elevated plain, at the 
head of steamboat navigation on the r., 256 miles 
N. Mobile by land. It contains a handsome state 
house, a court house, jail, a U. S. land office, 4 
churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, 
and 1 Methodist — a masonic hall, Washington 
anil La Fayette academy, an atheneum for young 
ladies, a lyceum for boys, the Alabama Institure, 
a lunubcr of stores, and 1,949 inhabitants. The 
streets are spacious, crossing each other at right 
angles, and the stale house stands in the centre 
of a public square. About 1 mile E. stand the 
halls of the University of Alabama, which was 
founded in 1828, has a president and 7 professors, 
or other instructors, 63 alumni, 4 of whom have 
been ministers of the gospel, 60 .students, and 
6,000 vols, in its libraries. The commencement 
is on the Wednesday after the first Monday in 
December. 

Tuscarawas, r., O., is the main branch of 
Muskingum r. above Coshocton v. It rises in 
the s. w. part of Portage co., and flows s. and s. 



TUS 



667 



TYL 



w. until it unites with the VValhonding at Coshoc- 
ton V. to form Muskingum r. It is about 80 ms. 
long above the junction, and is navigable for 
boats of 7 or 8 tons, in high water, to New Phil- 
adelphia. 

Tuscarawas, county, O. Situated centrally 
in the k. part of the state, and contains 635 sq. 
tns. Drained by Tuscarawas river, and Sandy, 
Conoton, Stillwater, and Sugar creeks. Settled 
in 1803, or 1804, principally by Germans from w. 
Pennsylvania. The soil is fertile. Capital, New- 
Philadelphia. There were in J 840, neat cattle 
17,448, sheep 32,725, swine 26,535 ; wheat 332,028 
bush, produced, rye 29,120, Indian corn 265,973, 
buckwheat 30,278, barley 1,319, oats 283,235, 
potatoes 108,296, tobacco 15,000 pounds, sugar 
100,409 ; 22 commission houses, capital §56,400 ; 
57 stores, cap. $105,450; 2 fulling m., 17 tanner- 
ies, 6 distilleries, 2 potteries, 7 llouring m., 30 
grist m., 71 saw m., 2 oil m., 1 printing oflicc. 
Cap. in raanuliic. $175,250. 143 sch. 9,866 schol- 
ars. Pop. whites 25,560, free colored 71 ; total, 
25,631. 

TuscAUAWAS, p-v., Warwick t., Tuscarawas 
CO., O., 108 E. Columbus, 315 W. Situated on 
Tuscarawas r. and the Ohio canal, and contains 
several stores and about 100 inhabitants. 

Tuscarawas, t., Coshocton co., O. It has 9 
stores, cap. $12,700; J furnace, 1 flouring m., 2 
saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $83,300. Pop. 455. 

Tuscarawas, t.. Stark co., O. It has 4 sch. 
95 scholars. Pop. 1,792. 

Tuscarora, cr., N. Y., rises in Steuben co. 
and flows e. into Canisteo r. 

Tuscarora, p-o.. Sparta t., Livingston co., N. 
Y., 249 w. Albany, 346 W. 

Tuscarora, v., Lewiston t., Niagara co., N. 
Y., 3 E. Lewiston. It is an Indian v., and con- 
tains 1 Presbyterian and 1 Baptist church, and 
about 300 inhabitants, and consists of the rem- 
nant of a powerful tribe who emigrated about 70 
years since from N. C. and joined the Five Nations, 
well known in the early history of the country, 
constituting a sixth tribe, afterward denominated 
the Six Nations. An English school is attached 
to the V. 

Tuscarora, mts., Schuylkill co., Pa., lie on 
the line between Rush and West Penn town- 
ships, and constitute the w. continuation of 
Mauch Chunk mt. They abound in anthracite 
coal, many veins of which have been recently 
opened. 

Tuscarora, cr.. Pa., commences in Tell t., 
Huntingdon co., and flows about 35 ms. n. e., to 
its entrance into Juniata r. 

Tuscarora, t., Bradford co., Pa. Watered 
by Tuscarora creek. It has 2 stores, cap. $6,000 ; 
8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,900. 3 sch. 112 
scholars. Pop. 1,020. 

Tuscarora, t., Juniata co., Pa. Population 
1,018. 

Tuscarora, p-v.. Rush t, Shuylldll co.. Pa., 
16 N. E. Orwigsburg, 75 n. e. Harrisburg, 185 W. 
Situated on the w. side of Tuscarora mt., at the 
head of the main branch of Juniata r. It has 12 
or 15 dwellings, most of them small, inhabited 
chiefly by miners. 

Tuscarora, p-o., Lee co., Iowa. 

Tuscarora Valley, p-o., Juniata co.. Pa., 55 
N. w. Harrisburg, 139 W. 

Tuscola, county, Mich. Situated in the e. 
part of the peninsula, and contains 800 sq. ms. 
Bounded n. w. by Saginaw bay of Lake Huron. 
Drained by Cass r. and its branches. It is un- 
organized. 

Tuscola, p-t., Livingston co., Mich. It has 2 
sch. 44 scholars. Pop. 247. 



Tuscola, t., Saginaw co., Mich. It has 1 saw 
m. Pop. 55. 

TuscuMuiA, p-v., Franklin co., Ala., 66 w. 
Huntsville, 129 n. by w. Tuscaloosa, 782 W. It 
contains 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Method- 
ist, and 1 Campbellite — 2 male and 2 female semi- 
naries, 16 stoics of different kinds, 1 iron foundry 
connected with the railroad, 200 dwelliugs, and 
about 2,000 inhabitants. A railroad extends from 
I his place to Uecatur, on Tennessee r., for the 
purpose of passing the Muscle Shoals in that r. 
A most extraordinary .spring here flows from a 
large fissure in a limestone rock, which discharges 
20,000 cubic feet of water per minute, and it 
flows a considerable stream, 2i ms. to Tennes- 
see r. The inhabitants are .supplied with water 
from this spring, and the depth of the stream is 8 
feet where it i^^sues from the rock. 

TuscuMBiA, p-v., capital of Miller co.. Mo., 35 
s. vv. Jefi'erson City, 971 W. Situated on the n. 
w. side of Osage r., and contains a court house, 
jail, and about 50 inhabitants. 

TusKEGEE, p-v., capital of Macon co., Ala., 
152 E. s. E. Tuscaloosa, 799 W. Situated on a 
branch of Tallapoosa r., and contains a court 
house, jail, and about 500 inhabitants. 

TuTHiLL, p-v., Sliawangunk t., Ulster co., N. 
Y., 81 s. s. w. Albany, 305 W. It contains 2 
stores, 1 grist m., 1 fulling m., and a number of 
dwellings. 

Twelve Mile, p-o., Pickens dist., S. C, 135 
w. N. vv. Columbia, 530 W. 

Twelve Mile, t., Madison co.. Mo. It has 1 
sch. 24 scholars. Pop. 412. 

Twelve Pole, p-o., Cabell co., Va., 363 w. 
by N. Richmond, 406 W. 

Twenty Mile Stand, p-o., Deerfield t., War- 
ren CO., O., 10 s. \v. Lebanon, 100 w. s. w. Co- 
lumbus, 473 W. 

Twiggs, county, Ga. Situated near the centre 
of the state, and contains 410 sq. ms. Ockmul- 
gee r. bounds it on tlie s. w., by small branches 
of which it is drained. Capital, Marion. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 7,401, sheep 2,013, 
swine 22,236 ; wheat 14,743 bush, produced, ryo 
2,519, Ind. corn 329,528, oats 14,024, potatoes 
16,325, cotton 3,257,339 lbs. : 1 commercial house, 
cap. $150,000; 10 stores, cap. $25,000 ; 9 grist m., 
5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $25,750 ; 1 college 
29 students, 3 acad. 249 students. Pop. whites 
4,214, slaves 4,163, free col'd 43 ; total, 8,422. 

Twi.NSBURG, p-t.. Summit co., O., 142 n. E. 
Columbus, 300 W^. Named from twin brothers, 
who first settled here in 1827. The soil is fertile. 
Drained by Tinker's cr., which atl'ords water 
power, and flows into Cuyahoga r. The v. con- 
tains 2 churches, 2 stores, and several mills and 
mechanic shops. There are in the t. 1 acad. 70 
students, 8 sch. 205 scholars. Pop. 1,039. 

Twin, t., Darke co., O. Situated in the s. w. 
corner of the co. Pop. 1,030. 

Twin, t., Ross co , O. Pop. 2,195. 

Twin, t., Preble co., O. Pop. 1,675. 

Twitciiell's Mills, p o., Pope co.. III., 223 
s. s. e. Springfield, 791 W. Situated on Big cr. 

Two Taverns, p-o., Adams co.. Pa., 40 s. w. 
Harrisburg, 80 W. 

TwYMANs Store, p-o., Spottsylvania co., Va., 
81 N. Richmond, 93 VV. 

Tye River Warehouse, p-o.. Nelson co., Va., 
100 w. Richmond, 166 W. 

Tyler, county, Va. Situated in the n. w. part 
of the state, and contains 855 sq. ms. Ohio r. 
bounds it on the n. w. Drained by Fishing and 
Middle Island creeks, which flow w. into Ohio r. 
The surface is very uneven and rough; soil, 
strong and productive. Capital, Middleboum. 



ULS 



66? 



ULS 



There were in 1840, neat cattle 6,2fi5, sheep 
11,617, swine 12,854; wheat 52,730 bush, pro- 
duced, rye 1.375, Ind. corn 223,079, oats 57,535, 
potatoes 34,510, tobacco 1,116 pounds, s-ugar 
46,995; 13 store.i, cap. $29,100; 3 tanneries, ] 
distillery, 1 pottery, 1 flouring m., 14 grit-t m., 18 
saw m. Cap. in inanufac. f41,53C). 13sch. 4!6 
scholars. Pop. whites 6,854, slaves 85, free col'd 
5 ; total, 6,954. 

Tyler, p-o., Winnebago co., 111. 

Tyler, p-o., JetFerson co., O. 

TvLERSviLLE, p-o., Warren co., III. 

Tylersville, p-o., Caddo par., La. 

Tyler, p-o., Eaton co., Mich. 

Tymochtee, cr., O., a considerable w. branch 
falling into Sandusky r., 8 ms. below Upper San- 
dusky. 

Tymochtee, p-t., Crawford co., O., 73 n. Co- 
lumbus, 430 W. Watered by tributaries of San- 
dusky r. It has 8 sch. 642 scholars. Pop. 1,625. 

Tyngsboroogh, p-t., 3Iiddlesex co., Mass., 8 
N. w. Lowell, 28 n. w. Boston, 440 W. Merri- 
mac r. flows through it from n. w. to s. e. The 
V. is situated on the s. w. side of Merrimac r., and 
contains a Congregational churcii and grammar 
school. Incorporated in 1789. Granite is quar- 
ried on the banks of the r., and exported from 
this t. and Chelmsford adjoining. It has 1 store, 
cap. $2,000 ; 2 grist m., 2 saw m., 7 sch. 277 
scholars. Pop. 870. 

Tyre, p-t., Seneca co., N. Y., 171 w. Albany, 
347 W. The surface is level ; soil, sandy and 
calcareous loam. Drained by Clyde r., flowing 
into Seneca r. It has 1 store, cap. $2,500 ; 1 grist 
m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,000. 6 sch. 
391 scholars. Pop. 1,506. 

Tyree Spri.\gs, p-o., Sumner co., Tenn., 20 
N. E. Nashville, 699 W. 

Tyri.vgham, pt., Berkshire co., Mass., 130 w. 
Boston, 369 W. Watered by branches of Housa- 
tonic r., one of which flows from a pond in its s. 
E. part. It contains a Congregational, a Baptist, 
and a Methodist church, and a society of Shakern. 
It has 4 stores, cap. $9,400 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tan- 
nery, 1 paper fac, 2 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in 
inanufac. $53,750. 15 sch. 407 scholars. Pop. 
1,477. 

TvRiNGiiAM South, p-o., Tyringham t., Berk- 
shire CO., Mass., 125 w. Boston, 364 W. 

Tyrone, p-t., Steuben co., N. Y., 202 w. by s. 
Albany, 310 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, clay 
and calcareous loam, adapted to grain. Drained 
by Mud cr. The v. contains 1 Presbyterian and 
1 Methodist church, 6 stores, 1 grist ra., 1 tannery. 



50 dwellings, and about 250 inhabitants. There 
are in the t. 6 stores, cap. $21,000; 2 fulling m., 
3 tanneries, 2 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $5,300. 12 sch. 630 scholars. Pop. 2,122. 

Tyrone, t., Fayette co., Pa. It has 1 store, 
cap. $6,000 ; 1 flouring m., 2 grist m., 5 saw m., 2 
oil m. Cap. in manufac. $14,550. 7 sch. 270 
scholars. Pop. 1,189. 

Tyrone, t., Adams co.. Pa., 10 n. e. Gettys- 
burg. The surface is level ; soil, red shale and 
gravel. Bermudian cr. runs on its e., and Cone- 
wago cr.on its s. border. It contains Heidelburg 
V. There are in the t. 2 stores, cap. $2,200 ; 2 
tanneries, 1 flouring m., 1 gi-ist m., 2 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $9,950. 6 sch. 210 scholars. Pop. 
756. 

Tyrone, t., Perry co., Pa. The surface is 
mountainous ; soil, in the valleys, calcareous 
loam, with gravel and slate on the hills. Drain- 
ed by Sherman's cr. and its branches. It has 9 
stores, cap. $33,800; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 

2 furnaces, 5 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 3 potteries, 

3 flouring m., 4 grist rn., 11 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $44,716. 13 sch. 640 scholars. Pop. 2,391. 

Tyrone, t., Huntington co., Pa. It has 4 stores, 
cap. .$20,000 ; 1 fulling m., 2 forges, 3 tanneries, 
1 distillery, 4 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$12,795. 6 sch. 331 scholars. Pop. 1,226. 

Tyrone, p-t., Livingston co., Mich., 61 w. n. 
w. Detroit, 583 W. Drained by branches of 
Shiawassee r. It has 3 sch. 87 scholars. Pop. 394. 

Tyrone, p-v., Wilkes co., Ga., 69 n. e. Milledge- 
ville, 579 W. 

Tyson Forn.\ce, p-o., Windsor co., Vt. 

Tyson's Store, p-o., Moore co., N. C, 56 s. w. 
Raleigh, 344 W. 

Tyrrel, county, N. C. Situated in the e. part 
of the state, and contains 740 sq. ms. Bounded 
on the N. by Albemarle sound, and e. by the At- 
lantic, along the coast of which are Roanoke and 
several other islands belonging to it. The surface 
is level and low, and in some parts liable to sub- 
mersion. Drained by Alligator r. and its brandies, 
which enters Albemarle sound by a broad estua- 
ry. Capital, Columbia. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 4,133, sheep 1,947, swine 8,540 ; wheat 
8,083 bush, produced, Ind. corn 108,641, oats 2,5 17, 
potatoes 21,704, rice 20,335 pounds, cotton 22,963 ; 
22 stores, cap. $42,250; 69 tanneries, 16 distiller- 
ies, 6 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $15,400. 
Pop. whites 3,160, slaves 1,411, free col'd 86; 
total, 4,675. 

Tywapity, t., Scott CO., Mo. It has 3 sch. 71 
I scholars. Pop. 1,058. 



u. 



UcHEE, p-v., Russell CO., Ala., 194 e. ,s. e. Tus- 
caloosa, 781 W. 

UcHEE Anna, p-v., capital of Walton co., Flor. 
Situated on the w. side of a branch of Choctaw- 
liatciiie r., and contains a court house, and about 50 
dwellings. It is surrounded by a fertile country. 

Udina, p-o., Kane co.. 111., 204 n. n. e. Spring- 
field, 757 W. 

Ufaula, p-v., Randolph co., Ga., 178 s. w. Mil- 
ledgeville, 819 W. Situated on the e. side of 
Chattahoochee r. 

Uharkk, p-o., Randolph co., N. C, 112 w. Ra- 
leigh, 386 W. 

Ulricksville, p-o.. Mill t., Tuscarawas co., 
O., 110 E. N. e. Columbus, 309 W. 

Ulster, county, N. Y. Situated toward the 
s. E. part of the state, and contains 1,096 sq. ms. 
The Shavvangunk and Cattskill mountains cover 
a considerable portion of its surface; soil, adapted 
to grazmg. The valleys along its streams are 



extensive, and very fertile. Watered by Ron- 
dout, Wallkill, Esopus, and Shavvangunk creeks, 
which afford good water power. Limestone is 
extensively found. The Delaware and Hudson 
canal terminates at Eddyville, on Rondout cr., 3 
ms. from Hudson r., after having passed in a n. 
e. direction through the s. part of the co. Capi- 
tal, Kingston. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
38,459, sheep 50,840, swine 46,228 ; wheat .57,877 
bush, produced, rye 168,809, Ind. corn 161.805, 
buckwheat 108,087, otits 223,133, potatoes 264,698, 
sugar 28,945 pounds ; 4 commission houses, cap. 
$21,000; 146 stores, cap. $46S,500 ; 21 lumber 
yards, cap. $22.900 ; 1 furnace, 12 forges, 8 full- 
ing m., 11 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 2,136 sp., 33 
tanneries, 1 powder m., 2 glass fac, 2 potteries, 2 
flouring m., 42 grist m., 130 saw m., 2 paper fac, 
3 printing offices, 3 weekly newspapers. Cap. in 
manufac. $644,519. 1 acad. 35 students, 165 sch. 
8,830 scholars. Pop. 45,822. 



UNI 



669 



UNI 



Ulster, p-t., Bradford co., Pa., 142 n. by e. 
Harrisburg, 252 W. The Susquehanna r. bounds 
it on the E. It has 4 stores, cap. $10,000; 1 grist 
m , 6 saw m. Cap. in inanufac. $0,723. 5 sch. 
205 scholars. Pop. 1,053. 

Ulster, v., Ulster CO., N. Y. (See Saugerties.) 

Ur.STERviLLE, p-o., Sliavvangunk t., Ulster co., 
N. Y., 94 s. s. w. Albany, 292 VV. 

Ultima Thule, p-o., Sevier co.. Ark., 167 w. 
s. w. Little Rock, 1,232 W. Situated on a branch 
of Little r. 

Ulysses, t., Tompkins co., N. Y., 8 n. w. Itliaca. 
The surface is undulating ; soil, a fertile gravelly 
loam. Drained by small streams flowing into 
Cayuga lake, which bounds it on the e. It has 
15 stores, cap. $144,300 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 
1 distillery, 3 savvm. Cap. in manufac. $18,993. 
14 sch. 895 scholars. Pop. 2,976. 

Ulysses, p-t., Potter co.. Pa., 183 N. N. w. Har- 
risburg, 293 W. Pop. 371 

Umb.\gog, lake, i\. H. and Me. This lake lies 
on the boundary between N. H. and Me., and is 
about 18 ms. long and 10 wide, at its greatest 
width. Its outlet constitutes a considerable 
branch of Androscoggin r., which it enters in 
Errol t. It is a beautiful sheet of water, surround- 
ed by picturesque scenery. 

Unadilla, r., rises in Oneida co., and flowing in 
a s. direction, it enters Susquehanna r. It is about 
50 ms. long, and aflTords extensive water power. 

Unadilla, p-t., Otsego co., N. Y., 94 w. by s. 
Albany, 334 W. The surface is hilly, and to a 
degree broken, but has rich alluvial flats. The 
soil is generally a fertile loam, adapted to grass. 
Drained by Unadilla and Susquehanna rivers. 
The V. is situated on the n. side of Susquehanna 
r., and contains an Episcopal church, 8 stores, 1 
woollen fac, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 tobacco fac, 
100 dwellings, and about 500 inhabitants. There 
are in the t. 6 stores, cap. $36,000 ; 1 fulling m., 
1 tannery, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$18,676. 11 sch. 426 scholars. Pop. 2,272. 

Unadilla, p-t., Livingston co., Mich., 95 w. n. 
W. Detroit, 551 W. The soil is fertile, adapted 
to grain. The v. is situated on portage r., and 
contains a store and 2 saw m. There in the t. 
1 store, cap. 2,000 ; 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $7,000. 4 sch. 135 scholars. Pop. 643. 

Unadilla Centre, p-o., Unadilla t., Otsego 
CO., N. Y., 100 w. by s. Albany, 337 W. 

LTnadilla Forks, p-v., Plainfield t., Otsego 
CO., N. Y.. 84 w. by s. Albany, 369 W. Situated 
at the junction of the e. and w. branches of Una- 
dilla r. It contains 2 churches, 2 stores, 1 flour- 
ing m., 1 oil m., 1 saw m., 2 fulling m., a machine 
shop, 40 dwellings, and about 250 inhabitants. 

Uncasville, p-v., Montville t.. New London 
CO., Ct., 45 s. e. Hartford, 359 W. Situated on 
the Reservation of the Mohegan Indians, on the 
road from Norwich to New London, of both of 
which it commands a view. It contains a chapel, 
a school house, and a house for a teacher. The 
United States contributed $500 toward the erec- 
tion of the house, and have allowed §400 annu- 
ally for the support of a teacher. The school 
consists of about 20 scholars. 

Underhill, p-t., Chittenden co., Vt., 15 n. e. 
Burlington, 56 n. w. 3Iontpelier, 532 W. The 
surface is very uneven ; soil, adapted to grazing. 
Drained by head branches of Brown r. Char- 
tered in 1763, first settled in 1786. It has 2 
stores, cap. $6,000; 10 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$4,000. 8 sch. 370 scholars. Pop. 1,441. 

Unika, mts., a name given to that portion of 
the Alleghany ransje which separates Tennessee 
from N. C, and which lies s. w. of Tennest;ee r. 

Union, county. Pa. Situated near the centre 



of the state, and contains 520 sq. ms. The sur- 
face is hilly and mountainous ; soil, very fertile. 
Susquehanna r. and its w. branch bounds it on 
the E. Drained Ijy Buffalo, Penn's, Middle and 
W. 3Iahantango creeks. Capital, New Berlin. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 14,605, sheep 
18,196, swine 16,.578, wheat 310,010 bush, pro- 
duced, rye 135,387, Ind.corn 172,191, buckwheat 
24,461, barley 965, oats 263,501, potatoes 107,570, 
tobacco 8,000 pounds ; 51 stores, cap. §232,200 ; 13 
fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 furnaces, 1 bloomery, 
24 tanneries, 18 distilleries, 2 breweries, 8 pot- 
teries, 13 flouring m., 32 grist m., 75 saw m., 6 
oil m., 6 printing offices, 1 weekly newspaper. 
Cap. in manufac. $224,940. 2 acad. 45 students, 
49 sch. 2,540 scholars. Pop. 22,787. 

Union, district, S. C. Situated in the n., to- 
ward the w. part of the stale, and contains 650 
sq. ms. Broad r. bounds it on the e., and En- 
noree r. runs on its s. w. border. Drained by 
Tyger and Pacolet rivers and their branches. 
Capital, Unionville. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 17,063, sheep 7,53.5, swine 32,215; wheat 
61,661 bush, produced, rye 1,578, Ind. com 
757,319, oats 63,405, potatoes 23,930, cotton 
1,612,524 pounds; 25 stores, cap. $129,750; 2 
smelting houses, producing gold to the value of 
.$9,375 ; 7 tanneries, 15 distilleries, 5 flouring in., 
20 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $22,800. 
6 acad. 240 students, 32 sch. 738 scholars. Pop. 
whites 10,485, slaves 8,354, free col'd 97 ; total, 
18,936. 

Union, county, Ga. Situated in the n. part 
of the state, and contains about 600 sq. ms. 
Drained by lliawassee r. and its branches. The 
surface is uneven. Capital, Blairsville. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 3,051, sheep 2,523, 
swine 11,235; wheat 7,343 bush, produced, rye 
2,071, Ind. corn 129,340, oats 8,005, poUitoes 
8,788, tobacco 6,022; 2 .stores, cap. $3,750; 1 
tannery, 9 distilleries, 15 grist m., 6 saw m. Pop. 
whites 3,005, slaves 87 ; total, 3,152. 

Union, parish. La. Situated in the n. part of 
the state, and contains 1,200 sq. ms. Washita r. 
bounds it on the e. Watered by De Arbonne r. 
and its branches, and other branches of Washita r. 
Capital, Farmersville. It had in 1840, 6 sch. 
100 scholars. Pop. whites 1,273, slaves 503, free 
col'd 2 ; total, 1,838. 

Union, county, Ky. Situated in the n. w. 
part of the state, and contains 450 sq. ms. 
Bounded n. and w. by Ohio r., and s. e. by 
Tradewater cr. Drained by Highland cr. and 
its branches, and by branches of Tradewater cr. 
Capital, Morganfield. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 7,059, sheep 6,302, swine 26,209; wheat 
33,624 bush, produced, rye 2,004, Ind. corn 
495,595, oats 58,441, potatoes 8,338, tobacco 
612,153 pounds, cotton 6,156; 23 stores, cap. 
$115,850; 1 woollen fac, 8 tanneries, 1 distillery, 
2 flouring in., 27 grist m., 5 saw m., 1 oil in. 
Cap. in manufac. $30,750. 1 acad. 60 students, 
5 sch. 117 scholars. Pop. whiles 4,909, slaves 
1,728, free col'd 36 ; total, 6,673. 

Union, county, O. Situated a little n. w. of the 
centre of the state, and contains 450 sq. ms. Drain- 
ed by Darby's cr., and other small branches of 
Scioto r. The surface is level ; soil, very fertile. 
Capital, Marysville. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 9,677, sheep 9,349, swine 14,844 ; wheat 
57,972 bush, produced, rye 2,911, Ind. corn 
289,607, buckwheat 2,366, oats 79,6 SO, potatoes 
18,932, tobacco 6,361 pounds, sugar 759,130 ; 20 
stores, cap. $31,700; 1 fulling m., 4 tanneries, 2 
distilleries, 1 flouring m., 5 grist m., 6 saw in. 
Cap. in manufac. $19,250. 55 sch. 1,738 schol- 
ars. Pop. 8,422. 



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Union, county, la. Situated in the e. toward 
the s. part of tlie state, and contains 163 sq. ms 
The surface is gently rolling ; soil, fertile. Drain- 
ed by the e. fork of Whitewater r. and its tribu- 
taries, which afford water power. Capital, Lib- 
erty. There were in 1840, neat cattle 7,'J-15, 
sheep 14,169, swine 23,271 ; wheat 80,890 bush 
produced, rye 3,052, Ind. corn 512,340, oats 
136,027, potatoes 9,312, sugar 61,364 pounds; 20 
stores, cap. $43,350 ; 5 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 
1 cotton fac. 125 sp., 6 tanneries, 10 distilleries, 
6 flouring m., 12 grist m., 21 saw m., 3 oil m. 
Cap. in manufac. $77,285. 19 sch. 646 scholars. 
Pop. 8,017. 

Union, county, III. Situated toward the s. 
part of the .«tate, and contains 380 sq. ms. The 
surface is hilly ; soil, fertile, particularly on the 
Mississippi, which runs on its w. boundary. 
Drained by Cash r. and Clear cr. Capital, 
Jonesboro'. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
6,620, sheep 4,769, swine 22,268 ; wheat 26,898 
bush, produced, Ind. corn 310,559, oats 52,913, 
potatoes 13,708, tobacco 3,002 pounds, sugar 7,464 ; 
15 stores, cap. $53,400 ; 3 tanneries, 15 distille- 
ries, 1 pottery, 1 flouring m., 20 grist m., 3 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. ¥17,509. 1 acad. 30 stu- 
dents, 12 sch. 387 scholars. Pop. 5,524. 

Union, county. Ark. Situated in the s. part 
of the state, and contains 2,600 sq. ms. Drained 
by Washita r. and its branches. Capital, Union 
C. H. There were in 1840, neat cattle 6,295, 
sheep 789, swine 9,099; wheat 1,098 bush, pro- 
duced, Ind. corn 111,365, oats 1,765, potatoes 
10,021, cotton 404,599 lbs. ; 6 stores, cap. $38,600 ; 
20 grist m., 2 saw m., 4 sch. 64 scholars. Pop. 
•whites 1,981, slaves 906, free col'd 2 ; total, 
2,889. 

Union, p-t., Lincoln co., Me., 31 s. e. Augusta, 
616 W. The surface is gently uneven; soil, 
fertile, adapted to grain. Drained by St. George 
and Muscongus rivers. Incorporated in 1786. 
It has 6 stores, cap. $16,300; 3 fulling m., 1 paper 
fac, 4 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manulac. 
$23,387. 13 sch. 722 scholars. Pop. 1,784. 

Union, p-o., Carroll co., N. H., 41 n. e. Con- 
cord, 522 W. 

Union, p-t., Tolland co., Ct., 35 n. e. Hartford, 
371 W. The surface is hilly and broken ; soil, 
loam and gravel, moderately productive. Quin- 
nebaug r. ri.ses in 2 ponds in this t., and Masha- 
paug, one of them, contains 800 acres. Drained 
by head branches of Wiilimantic r. It contains 
1 Congregational and 1 Methodist church. It has 
3 stores, cap. $5,000 ; 2 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $8,000. 6 sch. 163 scholars. Pop. 
669. 

Union, p-t., Broome co., N. Y., 146 w. s. w. Al- 
bany, 288 W. The surface is undulating ; soil, a fer- 
tile gravelly loam, adapted to grass. Drained by 
Nanticoke, and other tributaries of Susquehanna 
r., which bounds it on the s. The v. is situated 
on the N. side of Susquehanna r., and contains 1 
Presbyterian church, 7 stores, 1 grist m., 2 saw 
m., 1 clothier's works, 60 dwellings, and about 
400 inhabitants. There are in the t. 6 stores, cap. 
$20,000 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 28 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,000. 1 acad. 65 
students, 23 sch. 981 scholars. Pop. 3,165. 

Union, p-t., Essex co., N. .T., 6 s. w. Newark, 
48 N. E. Trenton, 214 W. The surface is rolling ; 
soil, red shale, well cultivated. Watered by 
Elizabeth and Rahway rivers. It contains the 
V. of Union, or Connecticut Farms, which has 1 
Presbyterian church, 2 stores, and about 30 dwell- 
ings. There are in the t. 2 grist m., 4 saw m., 1 
acad. 18 students, 5 sch. 183 scholars. Pop. 
1,482. 



Union, t., Gloucester co., N. J. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $2,300. Cap. in manufac. $600. 3 sch. 
105 scholars. Pop. 1,074. 

LInion, t., Berks co., Pa. The surface is very 
iiilly ; soil, sterile gravel. Schuylkill r. runs on 
its n. boundary. Drained by Mill, French, and 
Sixpence creeks. It has 4 stores, cap. $7,568 ; 1 
furnace, 2 forges, 1 tannery, 1 llouriiig m., 2 grist 
m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manulac. $2,200. Pop. 
1,272. 

Union, t., Erie co.. Pa., 22 s. e. Erie. The 
surface is hilly ; soil, gravelly loam, adapted to 
grazing. Drained by the s. branch of French 
cr. It has 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $9,000. 6 sch. 140 scholars. Pop. 
593. 

Union, t., Huntingdon co.. Pa., 15 s. Hunting- 
don. It is surrounded by mountains, with Plank 
Cabin valley intervening. It has 2 stores, cap. 
$7,800 ; 1 tannery, 2 grist ra., 3 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $.3,440. 1 sch. 27 scholars Pop. 817. 

Union, t., Bedford co.. Pa. It has 1 store, cap. 
$1,500; 1 fulling m., 1 furnace, 1 tannery, 1 dis- 
tillery, 1 flouring m., 1 .saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$6,975. 2 sch. 60 scholars. Pop. 1,029. 

Union, t., Luzerne co.. Pa. The surface is 
very uneven ; but much of it is capable of culti- 
vation. Drained by Hemlock, Shickshinny, and 
Himtington creeks. The North Branch canal 
passes through the t. It has 2 stores, cap. $4,000 ; 

2 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,750 
8 sch. 2S5 scholars. Pop. 1,242. 

Union, t., Washington co., Pa. It has 1 dis- 
tillery, 2 flouring m., 2 grist m., 6 saw m., 1 sch. 
100 scholars. Pop. 858. 

LTnion, t., Mifflin co.. Pa. It has 3 stores, cap. 
$11,500; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 

3 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $15,405. 
8 sch. 260 scholars. Pop. 1,221. 

Union, t., Schuylkill co., Pa. It has 3 flouring 
m., 2 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $25,000. 
Pop. 906. 

Union, t., Fayette co., Pa. Drained by Red- 
stone cr. and its branches. Iron ore is abundant. 
It has 2 stores, cap. $8,000 ; 1 furnace, 2 tanneries, 
1 distillery, 7 grist m., 14 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $12,782. 9 sch. 405 scholars. Pop. 2,723. 

Union, t.. Union co.. Pa. Bounded by Sus- 
quehanna r. and its w. branch. The surface is 
mountainous ; soil, calcareous loam. It has 1 
store, cap. $2,000 ; 2 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 dis- 
tilleries, 1 pottery, 4 grist m., 5 saw m., 2 oil ra. 
Cap. in manufac. $1,200. Pop. 1,630. 

Union, p-v., capital of Monroe co., Va., 229 
w. Richmond, 266 W. It contauis a court house, 
jail, 1 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist church, 4 
stores, 2 tanneries, and about 600 inhabitants. 

Union, p-v., Randolph t., Montgomery co., O., 
12 N. w. Dayton, 75 w. by s. Columbus. It con- 
tains 2 stores, several mechanic shops, 35 dwell- 
ings, and about 200 inhabitants. VVithin half a 
m. are 4 grist m., 1 carding machine, and 3 gun- 
smiths' shops. 

Union, t., Allen co., O. It has 2 sch. 35 scho- 
lars. Pop. 669. 

Union, t., Belmont co., O. The soil is very 
fertile. Drained by Stillwater cr., which affords 
water power. The national road runs e. and w. 
through this t. It has 5 sch. 134 scholars. Pop. 
2,126. 

Union, t.. Brown co., O. It contains Ripley 
and Levana villages. Bounded s. w. by Ohior. 
Watered by Red Oak and Eagle creeks. It has 
1 college, 22 students, 1 acad. 45 students, 4 sch. 
190 scholars. Pop. 3,316. 

Union, t., Butler co., O. It has 3 sch. 98 scho- 
lars. Pop. 1,828. 



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Uniox, t., Carroll co., O. Fop. 8^9. 

Union, t.. Champaign co., O. It has 2 sch. 49 
scholars. Pop. 1,2^49. 

Union, t., Clermont co., O. It has 3 stores, 
cap. $4,800 ; 1 di.siillery, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m. 
Cap. in maniifac. $9,575. 3 sch. 115 scholars. 
Pop. 1,423. 

Union, t., Clinton co., O. It has 8 stores, cap. 
$14,000 ; 1 fulling m., 2 woollen foe, 3 tanneries, 

1 flouring m., 3 grist m., 6 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 
printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in 
manulac. $23,250. 15 sch. 1,218 scholars. Pop. 
3,281. 

Union, t., Hancock co., O. It has 7 sch. 216 
scholars. Pop. G37. 

Union, t.. Highland co., O. It has 5 sch. 128 
scholars. Pop. 1,089. 

U.MON, t., Knox CO., O. Mohiecan river runs 
through its e. pari. It has 5 sch. 337 scholars. 
Pop. 1,098. 

Union, t.. La Fayette co., O. It has 11 stores, 
cap. $33,845 ; 1 tannery, 1 flouring m.. 1 grist 
m., 2 saw m., 2 printing oflices, 1 weekly news- 
paper. Cap. in manufac. $6,300. 13 sch. 400 
scholars. Pop. 1,945. 

Union, t., Lawrence co., O. It has 6 sch. 182 
scholars. Pop. 1,034. 

Union, t.. Licking co., O. It has 10 sch. 485 
scholars. Pop. 1,637. 

Union, t., Logan co., O. It has 3 sch. 182 
scholars. Pop. 832. 

Union, t., Madi.son co., O. It ha.s 5 stores, 
cap. $11,900. 1 fulling m., 2 potteries, 2 grist m., 

2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,725. 12 sch. 245 
scholars. Pop. 1,350. 

Union, t., Mercer co., O. It has 1 sch. 25 
scholars. Pop. 566. 

Union, t., Miami co., O. It has 7 sch. 397 
scholars. Pop. 1,967. 

Union, t., Monroe co., O. Pop. 1,356. 

Union, t., Morgan co., O. It has 2 stores, cap. 
$2,500; 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $4,300. 9 sch. 290 scholars Pop. 
1,328. 

Union, t., Muskingum co., O. It has 4 church- 
es. The V. contains an academy and 151 inhab- 
itants. There are in the t. 1 college, 40 students, 
2 sch. 58 scholars. Pop. 1,625. 

Union, t., Putnam co., O. Pop. 401. 

Union, t., Scioto co., O. The surface is hilly ; 
soil, generally fertile. Drained by Little Scioto 
r., flowing into Ohio r. It has 2 sch. 52 scholars. 
Pop. 575. 

Union, t., Tuscarawas co., O. It contains 
Rockford v., and has 5 sch. 411 scholars. Pop. 
945. 

Union, t., Ross co., O. Pop. 2,632. 

Union, t.. Union co., O. It contains Milford 
v., and has 1 Unitarian and 1 Presbyterian 
church. It has 5 sch. 152 scholars. Population 
694. 

Union, t., Warren co., O. It contains Deer- 
field v., and several others. It has 7 sch. 435 
scholars. Pop. 1,617. 

Union, p-v., Boone co., Ky., 73 n. by e. Frank- 
fort, 507 W. It contains about 50 inhabitants. 

Union, p-v., Talbot co., Ga., 68 w. s. w. Mil- 
ledgeville, 724 W. 

Union, t., Branch co., Mich. The soil is fer- 
tile, adapted to grain. It has 2 stores, capital 
$12,000 ; 2 flouring m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $50,100. 5 sch. 80 scholars. Population 
507. ^ 

Union, p-v., Cass co., Mich., 160 w. s. w. De- 
troit, 605 W. 

Union, p-o.. Rock co., Wis., 20 s. e. Madison, 
827 W. 



Union, p-v., Greene co., Ala., 33 s. s. w. Tus- 
caloosa, 851 W. 

Union, p-v., Newton co.. Miss., 75 E.Jackson, 
942 W. 

Union, p-o., Gibson co., la. 

Union, t.. Grant co., la. It has 1 sch. 15 schol- 
ars. Pop. 593. 

Union, t., Hancock co., la It has 1 sch. 25 
scholars. Pop. 476. 

Union, t., Miami co., la. It has 2 stores, cap. 
$30,600; 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 3 sch. 58 scholars. 
Pop. 584. 

Union, t., Ru.«h co., la. It has 7 sch. 165 
scholars. Pop. 1,480. 

Union, t., Shelby co., la. It has 6 distilleries, 
4 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in inanufiic. $1,550. 

Union, t., Montgomery co., la. It has 4 sch. 
90 scholars. Pop. 2,943. 

Union, p-v., capital of Franklin co., Mo., 73 e. 
JefTer-son City, 863 W. Situated on Bourbeuse 
cr., a branch of Maramec r., 7 s. Missouri r. It 
contains a court house, jail, 4 stores, and 200 in- 
habitants. 

Union, p-v., capital of Union co.. Ark., 206 s. 
Little Rock, 1,251 W. Situated on the s. w. 
side of Wachita r., and contains a court house, 
several stores, and about 100 dwellings. 

Union, t., Johnson co.. Ark. It has 1 store, 
cap. $2,000; 1 grist in. Pop. 114. 

Unio.n, t., Greene co.. Ark. It has 1 store, 
cap. $1,300. Pop. 526. 

U.MON, t., Lawrence co.. Ark. It has 3 sch. 
75 scholars. Pop. 259. 

Union, t., Marion co.. Ark. It has 1 store, 
cap. $1,200 ; 1 grist m. Pop. 287. 

Union, t.. Pope co.. Ark. It has 1 distillery, 1 
sch. 16 scholars. Pop. 291. 

Union, t., St. Francis co., Ark. It has 2 
stores, cap. $3.500 ; 1 flouring m., 4 grist m., 2 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $12,000. Pop. 613. 

U.NioN, t., Van Buren co.. Ark. Population 
207. 

Union Bridge, p-o., Carroll co., Md., 67 n. w. 
Annapolis, 68 W. 

Unio.n City, p-v., Sherwood t.. Branch co., 
Mich., 116 w. s. w. Detroit, 572 W. Situated on 
St. Joseph's r., at the junction of Coldwater r., at 
the head of navigation, on the St. Joseph. It has 
1 store, several mechanic shops, and a number 
of dwellings, and possesses great water power. 

Union Church, p-o., .lefTerson co.. Miss. 

Union Cor.ners, p-o., Sparta t., Livingston 
CO., N. Y., 251 w. Albany, 343 W. 

Union Corners, p-o., Northumberland co., 
Pa., 76 N. by e. Ilarrisburg, 186 W. 

Union District, p-o., Washtenaw co., Mich^ 
44 vv. Detroit, 520 W. 

Union Ellerv, p-o., Ellery t., Chautauque 
CO., N. Y., 341 w. by s. Albany, 328 W. 

Union Falls, p-v.. Black Brook t., Clinton 
CO., N. Y., 168 N. Albany, 543 W. Situated on 
the w. side of Saranac r., which here affords 
great water power. It has 1 store, 2 saw m., 1 
extensive forge, and about 20 dwellings. 

Union Furn.\ce, p-o., Huntingdon co.. Pa. 

Union Grove, p-o.. Prince George co., Va., 36 
s. E. Richmond, 155 W. 

Union Grove, p-o., Whitesides co.. 111., 191 
N. by w. Springfield, 854 W. 

Union Grove, p-o., Newton co.. Mo. 

Union Hall, p-o., Franklin co., Va., 164 w. s. 
w. Richmond, 239 W. It contains 1 Methodist 
church, and on Pig r., in the vicinity, 1 flouring 
m., and a woollen and cotton fac. It has about 
15 dwellings. 

Union Hill, p-o., Upson co., Ga., 71 w. by s. 
Milledgeville, 693 W. 



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Union Iron Works, p-o., Berks co., Pa., 78 
E. by N. Ilarrisbiirg, 171 W. 

Union Level, p-o., Mecklenburg co., Va., 103 
s. vv. Richmond, 217 W. 

Union Meeting House, p-o., Baltimore co., 
Md., 61 N. N. w. Annapolis, 71 W. 

Union Mills, p-v., Broadalhiii t., Fulton co., 
N. Y., 46 N. w. Albany, 420 W. It contains 1 
store, 1 paper m., 1 saw m., and about 15 dwell- 
ings. 

Union Mills, p-v.. Union t., Erie co., Pa., 
249 N. w. Harrisburg, 330 W. Situated on a 
branch of French cr. 

Union Mills, p-v., Carroll co., Md., 65 n. n. 
W. Annapolis, 75 W. 

Union Mills, p-v., Fluvanna co., Va., 73 vv. 
N. w. Richmond, 126 W. Situated on the s. 
side of llivanna r., and contains 1 Methodist 
church, 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 large 
cotton fac. 1,500 sp., and 20 dwellings. 

Union Point, p-o., Greene co., Ga. 

Union Society, p-o., Windham t., Greene co., 
N. Y., 51 s. w. Albany, 358 W. 

Union Springs, p-v., Springport t., Cayuga 
CO., N. Y., 163 w. by n. Albany, 329 W. Situ- 
ated on the E. side of Cayuga lake, and contains 
3 churches, 5 stores, 1 woollen fac, 1 flouring m., 
1 grist m., 2 saw m., and about 600 inhabitants. 
It contains a mineral spring of some celebrity. 

Union Springs, p-v., 3Iacon co., Ala., 153 s. 
E. Tuscaloosa, 824 W. It contains about 75 in- 
habitants. 

Union Square, p-o., Mexico t., Oswego co., 
N. Y., 152 w. N. w. Albany, 377 W. 

Union Square, p-v., Montgomery co., Pa., 
92 E. Harrisburg, 162 W. 

Uniontovvn, p-b.. Union t., capital of Fayette 
CO., Pa., 179 w. by s. Harrisburg, 195 W. Situ- 
ated on Redstone cr. It contains 6 churches — 

1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, 1 Metho- 
dist Episcopal, 1 Methodist Protestant, and 1 
African Methodist. It contains Madison College, 
founded by the Methodists in 1825. Chartered 
in 1827. It has 23 stores, cap. )?131,200 ; 1 fur- 
nace, 3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 pottery, 3 print- 
ing offices, 3 weekly newspapers, 2 periodicals, 

2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufae. $63,705. 

1 col. 119 students, 5 sch. 350 scholars. Pop. 1,710. 

Uniontown, v., Lake t.. Stark co., O., 12 n. 
Canton, 128 n. e. Columbus. It contains 3 
churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Lutheran, and 1 
Methodist — 3 stores, various mechanic shops, 2 
tanneries, 50 dwellings, and about 300 inhabitants. 

Uniontown, p-v., Carroll co., Md., 35 n. w. 
Baltimore, 65 n. n. w. Annapolis, 72 W. It con- 
tains about 100 inhabitants. 

Uniontown, p-v.. Perry co., Ala., 60 s. s. e. 
Tuscaloosa, 872 W. Situated on the head wa- 
ters of Chilalohee creek, and contains about 450 
inhabitants. 

Uniontown, p-v.. Wheeling t., Belmont co., 
O., 6 N. vv. St. Clairsville, 114 e. Columbus, 284 
W. It contains 3 stores, and a number of me- 
chanic shops. 

Uniontown, p-o.. Union co., Ky. 

Union Vale, t., Dutchess co., N. Y. The sur- 
face is rolling and hilly ; soil, clay loam and 
gravel. Drained by Fisiikill cr. It has 6 stores, 
cap. $10,050 ; 1 cotton fac. 544 sp., 1 flouring m., 

2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufae. $40,650. 
7 sch. 259 scholars. Pop. 1,498. 

Union Vale, p-o., Harrison co., O., 118 e. n. 
E. Columbus, 281 W. 

Union Village, p-v.. Orange co., Vt., 46 s. e. 
Montpelier, 496 W. 

Union Village, v., Warren co., O., 4 vv. Le- 
banon. It is inhabited by Shakers, who have a 



large church in the centre. There are six large 
families, each with an e.xlensive house, and sur- 
rounding out-houses and workshops, delightful gar- 
dens, and fine domestic animals. The entire v. 
contains about 500 inhabitants. 

Union Village, p-o.. Lisle t., Broome co., N. 
Y., 137 w. s. vv. Albany, 314 W. 

Union Village, v., Greenwich t., Washington 
CO., N. Y. Pleasantly situated on both sides of 
Battenkill r., and contains 4 churches — 1 Congre- 
gational, 1 Dutch Reformed, 1 Baptist, and 1 
Methodist — an academy, 1 bank, 11 stores, 1 cot- 
ton fac, 1 woollen fac, 1 grist ra., 1 saw m., 1 
furnace, 1 carriage fac, 160 dwellings, and about 
1,300 inhabitants. 

Union Village, p-v., Northumberland co.,Va., 
83 e. n. e. Richmond, 147 W. 

Unionville, p-v., Middlesex co., Mass., 25 w. 
Boston, 420 W. Situated on Concord river, and 
contains a Congregational church, 1 cotton fac, 
and 2 paper mills. 

Unionville, p-v., Hartford co., Ct., 10 w. 
Hartford, 334 W. 

Unionville, p-v., Minisink t.. Orange co., N.Y., 
1 19 s. s. vv. Albany, 264 W. It contains 1 church, 
3 stores, 30 dwellings, and about 150 inhabitants. 

Unionville, p-v., East Marlborough t., Ches- 
ter CO., Pa., 74 E. s. E. Harrisburg, 118 W. It 
contains 2 stores, and about 20 dwellings. 

Unionville, p-v., Frederick co., Md., 67 n. vv. 
Annapolis, 58 W. 

Unionville, p-v., Union dist., S. C, 70 n. w. 
Columbia, 464 W. Situated on a small branch 
of Tyger r. 

Unionville, p-v., Monroe co., Ga., 63 vv. Mil- 
ledgeviUe, 670 W. 

Unionville, p-v., Bedford co., Tenn.. 46 s. s. 
E. Nashville, 6'J5 W. 

Unionville, p-v., Madison t.. Lake co., O., 192 
N. E. Columbus, 317 W. It contains 1 Presbyte- 
rian and 1 Methodist church, and 6 stores. It 
has large iron-works in the vicinity. 

Unionville, p-v., Lenawee co., Mich., 75 s. 
vv. Detroit, 504 W. 

Unison, p-v., Luzerne co.. Pa., 133 n. e. Har- 
risburg, 242 W. 

Unison, p-v., Loudon co., Va., 137 n. Rich- 
mond, 52 VV. 

Unison, p-o., Delaware co., O., 34 n. Colum- 
bus, 418 W. 

Unitia, p-o., Blount co., Tenn., 178 E. s. e. 
Nashville, 523 W. 

Unity, p-l., Waldo co., Me., 34 n. e. Augusta, 
629 W. Drained by a branch of Sebasticook r. 
The soil is fertile, adapted to grain. Incorporated 
in 1804. It has 2 stores, cap. $5,700 ; 2 fulling m., 
2 tanneries, 4 gi-ist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fae $29,750. 13 sch. 584 scholars. Pop. 1,457. 

Unity, p-t., Sullivan co., N. H., 45 vv. by n. 
Concord, 471 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, 
well adapted to grazing. Drained by Little Su- 
gar and Beaver Meadow rivers. Cold pond, on 
its s. border, gives rise to Cold river. First set- 
tled in 1769. It has 2 stores, cap. $5,000; 1 grist 
m., 3 saw m. 1 acad. 85 students, 11 sch. 452 
scholars. Pop. 1,238. 

Unity, t., Westmoreland co.. Pa., 7 e. Greens- 
burg. The surface is hilly ; soil, calcareous 
loam and gravel. Drained by Crabtree and Big 
Sewickly crs., and Nine Mile run. It lias 3 tan- 
neries, 4 distilleries, 4 flouring m., 4 gri.st m. Cap. 
in manufae. $17,000. II sch. 425 scholars. Pop. 
3,003. 

Unity, p-o., Crawford co.. Pa., 254 n. vv. Har- 
risburg, 320 W. 

Unity, p-v., Montgomery co., Md., 58 w. n. 
w. Annapolis, 27 W. 



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673 



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Unity, p-v., Cabarrus co., N. C, 133 w. s. w. 
Raleigh, 393 W. 

ITnity, p-t., Columbiana co., O., 161 N. E. by 
E. Coliiinbus, 277 W. It contains, ilie villages 
of Sprueevale, Palestine, and Unity. The last 
contains 204 inhabitants. There are in the t. 3 
sch. 175 scholars. Pop. 1,896. 

Unity, p-v., capital of Alexander co.. 111., 219 
s. by E. Springfield, 853 W. Situated on the E. 
side of Cash r., and contains a court house, and 
about 75 inhabitants. 

Unityville, p-v., Lycoming co., Pa. 

University, p-o., Albemarle co., Va., 87 w. N. 
w. Richmond, 122 W. Situated 1 mile w. Char- 
lottesville, at the seat of the University of Vir- 
ginia. (See Charlottesville.) 

Unwattin, county, Mich. Situated n. w. of 
the centre of the peninsula, and contains 576 sq. 
miles. Drained by Maskegon r. and its branches, 
and by branches of Manistee river. It is unor- 
ganized. 

Upatoie, p-v., Muscogee co., Ga., 133 w. s. w. 
Milledgeville, 774 W. The creek, from which it 
is named, falls into Chattahoochee r. The v. con- 
tains about 100 inhabitants. 

Updegraff's, p-o., Smithfield t., Jefferson co., 
O., 131 E. N. E. Columbus, 278 W. " 

Upiiaupe, p-o., Macon co., Ala., 139 s. E. Tus- 
caloosa, 869 W. 

Upper, t.. Cape May co., N. J., 13 n. e. Cape 
May C. H. The surface is level ; soil, sand and 
clay, timbered with oak and cedar. Drained by 
Tuckahoe and Cedar Swamp crs. The Atlantic 
bounds it on the .s. E., along which is Peck's and 
Ludlam's beaches. It has 4 stores, cap. §5,500; 
1 grist m., 4 saw m., 5 sch. 219 scholars. Pop. 
1,217. 

Upper, t., Lawrence co., O. It has 8 sch. 255 
scholars. Pop. 1,180. 

Upper, t., Carroll co.. Ark. It has 1 di.stillery, 
1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 school 25 scholars. Fop. 
4^8. 

Upper, t., Crawford co.. Ark. Pop. 1,144. 

Upper Alton, p-v., Madison co., 111., 79 s. by 
w. Springfield, 806 W. Situated on elevated 
ground, 2f ras. back from Mississippi river, and e. 
of Alton. It contains 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 
1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist ; 5 stores, cap. $9,000 ; 
1 steam saw and flouring mill, 320 dwellings, and 
1,002 inhabitants. It was laid out in 1816, and, 
.«ince 1827, its growth has been rapid. (See 
Alton.) 

Upper AauEBOUGE. p-v., Riverhead t., Suffolk 
CO., N. Y., 226 s. s. E. Albany, 306 W. It con- 
tains a church, and about 20 dwellings. 

Upper Black Eduy, p-o., Bucks co.. Pa., 121 
E. Harrisburg, 186 W. 

Upper Alloway.s Creek, t., Salem co., N. J., 
7 s. E. Salem. The surface is rolling ; soil, in 
the N. E., stiff clay and loam, in the s. e., sand 
and gravelly loam. Drained by Alloways and 
Stow crs. It has 4 stores, cap. it!6,()50 ; 1 woollen 
fac.,' 6 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufactures 
$29,800. 8 sch. 400 scholars. Pop. 2,233. 

Upper Bern, t., Berks co.. Pa. Blue moun- 
tain bounds it on the n. and Schuylkill r. on the 
E., by which, and a branch of it, it is drained. It 
has a church near the centre, common to Luther- 
ans and Presbyterians. It has 2 stores, (capital 
$6,500; 3 tanneries, 4 distilleries. Capital in 
manufac. $5,000. Pop. 2,906. 

Upper Chichester, t., Delaware co.. Pa. 
Watered by Hook and Naaman's creeks. The 
surface is level ; soil, loam. It has a church near 
its s. boundary. It has 1 store, capital $1,300; 1 
woollen fac, 1 cotton fac, 1 grist m. Capital in 
manufac. $52,250. Pop. 475. 
85 



Upperco, p-o., Baltimore co., Md., 51 n. by 
w. Annapolis, 61 W. 

Upper Dauby, t., Delaware co.. Pa., 8 w. Phil- 
adelphia. The surface is hilly ; soil, loam. 
Drained by Darby and Cobb's creeks, which 
afford water power. It has 2 stores, cap. $5,100 ; 
1 woollen fac, 2 cotton fac. 6,000 sp., 1 tannery, 
4 paper fac, 1 flouring m., 3 grist m., 4 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac §71,600. 4 sch. 395 scholars. 
Pop. 1,439. 

Upper Dublin, p-t., Montgomery co.. Pa., 106 
E. Harrisburg, 152 W. The surface is rolling; 
soil, calcareous loam. Drained by tributaries of 
Wissahiccon cr. It has 6 stores, cap. $12,800 ; 1 
fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 flouring m., 4 grist m., 1 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $24,250. Pop. 1,322. 

Upper Freehold, t., Momnouth co., N. J., 15 
s. w. Freehold ('. H. The surface is level ; soil, 
clay, sandy loam, and sand. In the n. w. part 
is fertile land ; the s. e. part is covered with pine 
forest. Drained by Millstone r., and by Tom's 
and Crosswick's creeks, and tributaries of As- 
sunpink and Rancocus creeks. It has 23 stores, 
cap. $34,250; 7 tanneries, 9 distilleries, 2 grist 
m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,620. 18 sch. 
1,200 scholars. Pop. 5,026. 

Upper Gil.vianton, p-o., Gilmanton t., Bel- 
knap CO., N. H., 22 N. N. E. Concord, 503 W. 

Upper Gloucester, p-o., New Gloucester t., 
Cumberland co.. Me., 3'J s. w. Augusta, 569 W. 

Upper Hanover, p-t., Montgomery co.. Pa., 
35 N. w. Philadelphia, 82 e. Harrisburg, 178 W. 
Tlie surface is very hilly ; soil, red shale. Wa- 
tered by Perkiomen cr. and it.s branches. The 
v., called New Goshcnhoppen, is situated in the 
forks of Perkiomen cr. It has 4 stores, capital 
$13,500 ; 1 tannery, 7 grist m., 5 saw m., 4 oil 
m. Cap. in manufac. $5,000. 4 sch. 181 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,467. 

Upper Hunting Creek, p-v., Caroline co., 
Md., 57 E. Annapolis, 97 W. 

Upper Lisle, p-o.. Lisle t., Broome co., N. Y., 
133 w. ,s. w. Aib.my, 316 VV. 

Upper JIacunoy, t., Lehigh co.. Pa. Drained 
principally by Lehigh cr. It has 4 stores, capital 
$25,900 ; 3 tanneries, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $14,000. 1 sch. 30 scholars. Pop. 
1,769. 

Upper Maiiantango, p-t., Schuylkill co.. Pa., 
65 N. E. Harrisburg, 175 W. The surfiice is a 
collection of hills ; soil, red shale and white 
gravel, and sterile. Drained by 2 branches of 
Mahantango cr. It has 5 stores, cap. $7,100; I 
distillery, 8 grist m., 8 saw m. Pop. 1,291. 

Upper Mahany, t., Northumberland co.. Pa. 
It has 3 stores, cap. $7,600; 2 tanneries, 2 grist 
m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,575. 4 sch. 
112 scholars. Pop. 1,131. 

Upper Makefield, t., Bucks co.. Pa., 25 n. 
N. E. Philadelphia. The surliice is rolling; soil, 
clay and sandy loam. Pidcock's cr. runs on its 
N. boundary. It has I store, cap. .$8,000 ; 1 flour- 
ing m., 1 grist m , 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$8,050. . 4 sch. 23S scholars. Pop. 1,490. 

Upper Marlboro', p-v., capital of Prince 
George's co., 3Id., 23 .s. w. Annapolis, 17 W. 
Situated a little w. of Patuxent r., and contains a 
court house, jail, a church, and about 800 inhabit- 
ants. 

Upper Middletown, p-v., MiddletoviTi t., 
•aiiddlese.x co., Ct., 12 .s. Hartford, 328 W. Sit- 
uated on a rising ground, on the w. side of Con- 
necticut r., li N. of Middletown city, and con- 
tains 1 Congregational and 1 Baptist church, and 
a number of dwelhngs. 

Upper Middletown, p-v., Manallen t., Fay- 
ette CO., Pa., 1»4 w. bv s. Harrisburg, 200 W. 



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674 



UPT 



Situated in a bend of Redstone cr., 5 n. Union- 
town. 

Upper Mount Bethel, t., Northampton co., 
Pa. It has 7 stores, cap. $31,500; 1 fulling m., 
2 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 1 flouring m., 5 grist m., 
6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $20,070. 1 sch. 22 
scholars. Pop. 2,643. 

Upper Merion, t., Montgomery co., Pa. Tlie 
surface is rolling ; soil, calcareous loam. Drained 
by Valley and Gulf creeks, wliich afford water 
power. Three taverns, on the 3 points of a tri- 
angle, 3 miles distant from each other, called 
Swcdesford, Bird i:i Hand, and King of Prussia, 
have existed here for 100 years. It has 10 stores, 
cap. $19,800 ; 4 woollen fac, 7 flouring m., 2 grist 
m., 6 saw m. Capital in manufac. $124,120. 1 
acad. 3 students, 6 sch. 506 scholars. Pop. 2,804. 
Upper Milford, t., Lehigh co., Pa. The sur- 
face is generally hilly ; soil, gravel and red shale, 
moderately productive. Drained by the n. branch 
of Perkiomen cr. and the liead waters of Upper 
Saucon cr. It contains 1 Lutheran and 1 Ger- 
man Presljyterian church. 7 stores, cap. $21,300; 
1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 4 distilleries, 2 powder 
m., 7 grist m., 6 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $40,600. 3 sch. 120 scholars. Pop. 3,081. 

Upper Nazareth, t., Northampton en., Pa. 
Tlie surface is rolUng; soil, fertile gravel and 
slate. Drained by 2 branches of Manookisy cr. 
It contains Nazareth v. It has 4 stores, capital 
$18,000; 2 lumber yards, cap. $3,500; 1 fulling 
m., 1 tannery, 1 brewery, 1 grist m. Capital in 
manufac. $8,000. 1 acad. 86 students, 3 sch. 95 
scholars. Pop. 1,118. 

Upper O.XFORn, t., Chester co., Pa. It has 2 
stores, cap. $4,000 ; 1 woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 
1,080 sp., 1 pottery, 2 paper fac, 1 flouring m., 3 
grist m., 6 saw m. Capital in manufac. $17,400. 
6 sch. 157 scholars. Pop. 1,277. 

Upper Paxton, t., Dauphin co., Pa., 22 n. 
Harrisburg. The surface is partly mountainous, 
partly gently uneven ; .soil, red shale. Drained 
by Mahantango, and Great and Little Wiconisco 
creeks. Susquehanna r. runs on its w. border. 
It has 6 stores, capital $18,(X)0; 2 woollen fac, 1 
tannery, 1 distillery, 1 pottery, 4 flouring m., 1 
grist m., 10 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. 
$8,336. 9 sch. 800 scholars. Pop. 1,814. 

Upper Penns Neck, t., Salem co., N. J. 
Bounded w. by Delaware r. The surface is 
level ; soil, liglit sandy loam. It contains 1 
Friends and 1 Methodist cliurch. It has 4 stores, 
cap. $14,000 ; 2 sch. 95 scholars. Pop. 1,854. 

Upper Providence, t., Delaware co.. Pa., 13 
w. Philadelphia. The surface is rolling; soil, 
loam. Crura cr. runs on its e. and Ridley cr. on 
its w. boundary. It has 2 grist m., 1 saw m., 2 
sch. 75 scholars. Pop. 780. 

Upper Providence, t., Montgomery co., Pa. 
The surface is hilly ; soil, red shale and gravelly 
loam. Schuylkill r. runs on its s. w. boundary. 
Drained by Perkiomen and Mingo creeks. It 
has 6 stores, cap. $11,390 ; 1 tannery, 2 flouring 
ni., 5 grist m., 4 saw m. Capital in manufactures 
$28,398. 1 academy. Pop. 2,211. 

Upper Red Hook, p-v., Rcdhook t., Dutchess 
CO., N. Y., 46 s. Albany. 324 \V. It is called 
Tivoli. Situated on the,.E.^ank of Hudson r., 
and contains 2 churches, 3 stores, 2 grist m., 2 
saw m., 1 clotli fac, 50 dwellings, and about 300 
inhabitants. A .steam ferry boat here crosses 
Hudson r. to Saugcrties. 

Upper Sandusky, p-v., Crawford co., O., 63 n. 
Columbus, 426 W. Situated on the w. side of 
Sandusky r., 60 ms. from its mouth. It is the seat 
of an Indian agency. 

Upper Salford^ t., Montgomery co., Pa., 10 



N. N. w. Norristown. The surface is level ; soil, 
red shale and loam. Drained by Perkiomen and 
Rich Valley creeks. It has 2 stores, cap. $4,500 ; 
1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 potteries, 6 grist m., 7 
saw m., 7 oil m. Capital in manufac. $3,600 ; 6 
sch. 275 scholars. Pop. 1,301. 

Upper Saucon, t., Leliigh Co., Pa., 6 s. e. 
Northampton. The surface is diversified with 
mountains and valleys ; soil, in the valleys, cal- 
careous loam. Drained by Saucon cr., a branch 
of Lehigh r. A v. near the s. E. boundary con- 
tains a church, and there is another church in the 
N. E. part. Iron ore is found in South mountain, 
which occupies its n. part. It has 7 stores, cap. 
$24,500 ; 2 tanneries, 4 grist m., 8 saw m., 1 oil 
m. Cap. in manufac. $12,650. 4 sch. 130 schol- 
ars. Pop. 2,072. 

Upper St. Clair, t., Alleghany co., Pa. The 
surface is hilly ; soil, loam. Drained by Char- 
tier's cr. It has 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 
tanneries, 1 distillery, 4 llouring m., 2 grist m., 5 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $23,700. 1 acad. 12 
students, 11 sch. 360 scholars. Pop. 2,302. 

Upper Stillwater, p-v., Orono t., Penob- 
scot CO., Me. The falls in the Penobscot r. here 
afford great water power. 

Upper Strasburgh, p-v., Letterkenny t., 
Franklin co.. Pa., 10 n. w. Chambersburg, 51 w. 
s. w. Harrisburg, 99 W. Situated in a fork of 
Hevren's branch of Conedogwinit cr. 

Upper Swatara, t., Dauphin co.. Pa. The 
surface is various ; soil, gravelly. Drained by 
Swatara cr. It has 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 
distillery, 1 brewery, 1 potter/, 3 flouring m. 
Cap. in manufac. $13,725. Pop. 1,205. 

tfppER Tract, p-o., Pendleton co., Va., 182 
N. w. by w. Kichmond, 182 W. 

Upper Tulpehocken, t., Berks co.. Pa. The 
surface is diversified ; soil, a productive calcare- 
ous loam and gravel. Drained by Nortlikill and 
Little Northkill creek.s, tributaries of Tulpehock- 
en creek. The Union canal follows the latter 
stream along the s. boundary of the t. It con- 
tains a church, common to Presbyterians and 
Lutherans. It has 5 stores, cap. $22,000; 1 wool- 
len fac, 1 forge, 2 tanneries, 1 pottery, 5 flour- 
ing m., grist m., 5 saw m. Capital in manufac. 
$6,820. Pop. 2,941. 

Upper Tvgart, p-o.. Carter co., Ky. '09 e. 
Fraidifort, 451 W. 

Upperville, p-v., Fauquier co., Va., 129 n. 
by w. Richmond, 55 W. It contains 4 churches 
— 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, 1 Episcopal, and 1 free 
to all denominations — an academy, 3 stores, 64 
dwellings, and about 350 inhabitants. 

Upper Yarmouth, p-v.. North Yarmouth t., 
Cumberland co.. Me., 47 s. w. Augusta, 562 W. 

Upson, county, Ga. Situated a little s. w. of 
the cciUre of the state, and contains 225 sq. ms. 
Flint r. nms on its s. vv. border, by branches of 
which it is drained. Capital, Thomaston. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 5,595, sheep 1,791, 
swine 17,846 ; wheat 29,333 bush, produced, Ind. 
corn 221,340, oats 10,05S, potatoes 8,139, cotton 
6,477,334 pounds ; 12 stores, cap. .$62,170 ; 2 cot- 
ton fac. 1,720 sp., 7 distilleries, 4 flouring m., 12 
grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $101,635. 
6 acad. 303 students, 7 sch. 171 scholars. Pop. 
whites 5,536, slaves 3,868, free col'd 4 ; total, 
9,408. 

Upsonvii.le, p-v., Susquehanna co., Pa., 180 
N. N. E. Harrisburg, 293 W. 

Upton, p-t., Worcester co., Mass., 35 w. s. w. 
Boston, 410 W. The surface is various ; soil, 
generally fertile. Drained by West r., a tribu- 
tary of Blackstone r. Incorporated in 1735. The 
V. contains a Congregational church, and about 



VAL 



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50 'Iwellings. The t. contains also a Baptist 
and ;in Episoopal church. It has 3 stores, cap. 
$12,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 wonllen fac, 3 grist m., 
6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $37,900. Pop. 1,4C6. 

Upton, p-o., Franklin co., Pa., 60 w. s w. 
Harrisburg, 83 W. 

UiinANNA, p-t., Steuben co., N. Y., 211 w. by 
s. Albany, 307 VV. The surface is uneven ; soil, 
clay loam, and generally fertile. Watered by 
the s. portion of Crooked lake, and by small 
streams flowing into it. Jt contains a convenient 
landing place, at the s. end of the lake. It has 
y stores, cap. .$32,500 ; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen 
fac, 2 tanneries, 1 (louring m., 2 grist m., 7 saw 
ra. Cap. in manufac. ,$12,450. 2 acad. 60 stu- 
dents, 12 sch. 650 scholars. Pop. 1,884. 

Urban'.>j.\, p-v. Frederick co., ftld., 76 N. w. 
Annapolis, 36 W. 

llnBAN.VA, p-v., capital of Middlesex co., Va., 
84 E. by i\. Richmond, 146 W. Situated on the 
s. w. side of Rappahannock r., near the mouth of 
Urbanna cr. It contains a court house, jail, 4 
stores, 10 dwellings, and about 175 iidiabitants. 

LIrra.nna, p-t., capital of ('hampaign co., O. 



great Western railroad from Albany passes 
through it. There are also fine roads in various 
directions, n. and s., on which numerous stages 
run. Utica is in the midst of a rich and highly 
cultivated country, and as might be expected, 
pos.«esses an extensive trade. A culvert has been 
completed within the city from the canal to the 
river, at an expense of $100,000. In 1794 there 
were here only 3 or 4 poor houses. Utica was 
incorporated as a village in 1798, and as a city in 
1S30. There were in 1840, in the city 2 commer- 
cial and 3 commission houses in foreign trade, 
cap. ,$58,000 ; 188 retail stores, cap. $1,678,595 ; 3 
lumber yards, cap. $41,000; 5 furnaces, cap. 
$59,000; value of machinery manufactured 
$166,555 ; 6 tanneries, cap. $103,000 ; 2 brew- 
eries, 1 flouring m., 2 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 paper 
fac, 6 printing oflices, 6 weekly newspapers, 61 
brick and stone, and 30 wooden house.s, cost 
,$253,000. Cap. in manufac $496,130. 10 acad. 
670 students, 36 sch. 981 scholars. 

Utica, p-o., Venango co., Pa., 218 w. N. w. 
Harrisburg, 292 W. 

Utica, p-v., Washington t., Licking co., O., 51 



46 w. by N. Columbus, 439 W. The v. contains j e. by n. Columbus, 372' W. It contains 3 stores, 
a court house, jail, a market house, a Methodist 50 dwellings, and about 300 inhabitants 



church, 9 stores, and 1,070. inhabitants. There 
.ire in the t. 10 stores, 1 fulling ni., 1 woollen fac, 
2 tanneries, 1 printing office. Cap. in manufac. 
$1,000. Pop. 1,3:^6. 

Uruanna, p-v., capital of Champaign co.. III., 
D2 E. N. E. Springfield, 691 W. Situated on the 
s. side of the Salt fork of Vermilion r., and con- 
tains a court house, jail, and about 30 dwellings. 

Ursa, p-o., Adams co.. Hi., 10 n. Quincy, 114 
w. Springfield, 891 W. Situated in Bear Creek 
settlement. 

Utica, city, Oneida co., N. Y., is on the s. side 
of the Mohawk r., in 43° 10' n. lat., 74° 13' w. Ion., 
92 w. by .\. Albany, 140 Rochester, 202 Buffalo, 
76 Oswesio, 3-i8 W. Pop- 1^-0, '■i,'i72; 1830, 
8,323 ; 1840, 12,782. The city stands on a beau- 
tifully inclined plane, rising s. from the Blohawk, 
the highest parts of which present fine prospects. 
The buildings, most of which are of brick, are 
good, and many of them splendid. The streets 
are neat and spacious, many of them 100 feet 
wide. It has 18 churches — 3 Presbyterian, 1 
Dutch Reformed, 2 Episcopal, 4 Baptist, 3 Meth- 
odist, 2 Roman Catholic, 1 Universalist, 1 Afri- 
can, and 1 Friends meetinghouse. There is al.so 
an Exchange building. Besides numerous chari- 
table institutions, there are in the city the Coimty 
Medical Society, 2 incorporated academies, one 
for males and the other lor females, a museum, 
the Utica Library, the Mechanics' Association, 
which supports popular lectures, and the Ap- 
prentices' Library. There are 4 banks, with an 
aggregate capital of $900,000, besides a bank for 
savings, and an insiu'ance company, with a cap- 
ital of $200,000, and a mutual insurance compa- 



Utica, p-v., Shelby t., Macomb co., Mich., 22 
N. N. E. Detroit, ,546 W. Situated on the e. bank 
of Clinton r., and contains 2 churches — 1 Presby- 
terian and 1 Metl.odist — an academy, 4 stores, 1 
flouring m,, 1 saw m., and 1 iron foundry. 

Utica, p v., Clarke co., la., 109 s. by e. In- 
dianapolis, 597 W. Situated on the n. w. bank 
of Ohio r., and contains 3 stores, and about 300 
inhabitants. 

Utica, p-v., Hinds co., Miss,, 38 w. Jackson, 
1,048 W. 

Utica, p-v., Livingston co.. Mo., 167 n. w. 
JefTerson City, 1,059 W. Situated on the w. 
side of Grand r., 1 m. from the junction of the e. 
and w. forks, at the head of steamboat navigation, 
and contains about 100 inhabitants. 

Utica Mills, po., Frederick co., Md., 84 n. 
w. Annapolis, 51 VV. 

Utoy, p-o., De Kalb co., Ga., 103 n. w. by w. 
Milledgeville, 6S9 W, 

UwcHLA.N'D, p-t,, Chester co,. Pa,, 30 s, s, w. 
Philadelphia, 69 E. s, e, Harrisburg, 129 W. The 
surface is a gentle declivity ; soil, sandy loam. 
Drained by Brandywine cr., which affords water 
power. It has a church near the centre ; 3 stores, 
cap. $16,200 ; 1 fulling ni., 1 woollen fac, 1 forge, 
2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 pottery, 2 paper fac, 
1 flouring m., 3 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $27,857. 7 sch. 210 scholars. Pop. 1,565. 

UxBRiDGE, p-t., Worcester co,. Mass,, 38 s, 
w, Boston, 403 W, Watered by Mumford and 
West rivers, which airoid water power. Black- 
stone r. and canal pass through it. Chartered in 
1727. The v. at the centre contains 1 Congre- 
gational and 1 Unitariatt ciiurch, and a number 



ny. The State Lunatic Asylum is located here, of dwellings. The t. contains iron ore, and a fine 

about a mile vv. of the centre of the city. The stone quarry ; 4 stores, cap. $7,200; 12 lulling m., 

Erie canal, here widened to 70 feet, and 7 feet 5 woollen fac, 3 cotton fac. 5,500 sp., 1 tannery, 

deep, passes through the central part of the city, 3 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $168,300. 

and is crossed by a ntimlicr of elevated and ele- 2 acad. 42 students, 13 sch. 549 scholars. Pop. 

gant bridges. The Chenango canal connects this 2,004. 
place with Binghamton, in Broome co. The | U.xbridge, p-o., Montgomery co,, N, Y. 



V. 



Valatie, p-v., Kinderhook t., Columbia co., 
N. Y., 20 s. Albany, 352 W. Situated at the 
jimction of Valatie and Kinderhook creeks, 2 ms. 
E. Kinderhook v. It contains 3 churches, 12 
stores, 4 cotton fac, emjiloying 400 per.sons, 1 
machme .shop, 1 grist ra., 1 saw ra., 1 fulling m., 



1 plaster m., 200 dwellings, and about 1,600 in- 
habitants, 

Valcour, Isl., N. Y. Situated in Lake Cham- 
plain, a few ms. s. of Plattsburgh, near the New 
V'ork shore, and is 2i ms. long, and half a mile 
wide. 



VAN 



676 



VAN 



Vallene, p-v., Orange co., la., 104 s. by w. 
Indianapolis, 635 W. 

Valley, p-o., Mifflin co., Pa., 66 n. w. Harris- 
burg, 153 W. 

VALLEY Creek, p-o., Dallas co., Ala., 80 s. 
by E. Tuscaloosa, 856 VV. 

Valley, t., Columbia co., Pa. It has 1 tannery, 

1 distillery, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $2,940; 3 sch. 93 scholars. Population, 
633. 

Valley Forge, p-v., Schuylkill t., Chester 
CO., Pa., 20 N. w. Philadelphia, 81 e. by s. Har- 
risburg, 159 W. Situated at the junction of Val- 
ley cr. with Schuylkill r. It contains 2 stores, 1 
cotton fac. 2,000 sp., 1 rolling m., 1 gun fac, 1 
flouring m., 30 dwelUngs, and about 200 inhabit- 
ants. 

Valley Head, p-o., De Kalb co., Ala., 161 n. 
E. Tuscaloosa, 656 W. 

Vallonia, p-v., Jackson co., la., 3 s. w. 
BrownsiovvTi, 75 s. Indianapolis, 600 W, It con- 
tains about 50 inhabitants. 

Vallonia Sfri.\gs, p-o., Coles\ille t., Broome 
CO., N. Y., 114 w. s. w. Albany, 310 W. 

Valparaiso, p-v., capital of Porter co., la., 138 
N. N. w. Indianapolis, 6S2 W. Situated on Salt 
cr., which flows into Lake Michigan. It contains 
a court house, jail, and about 200 inhabitants. 

Valverde, p-o., Macon co., Ala., 143 s. e. 
Tuscaloosa, 834 W. 

Vax, p-o.. Jay co., la., 94 n. e. Indianapolis, 
517 W. 

Vax Bcren, county, Mich. Situated toward 
the s. w. part of the state, and contains 633 sq. 
nis. Drained by Pawpaw r. and its branches, s. 
branch of Black r., Dowagiake, and Brush crs. 
Tiie streams aflTord good water power, and Paw- 
paw r. is boatable 70 ms. from its mouth. The 
surface is level ; soil, fertile. Capital, Pawpaw. 
Tliere were in 1840, neat cattle 2,125, sheep 538, 
swine 3,422 : wheat 15.640 bush, produced, Ind. 
corn 28,537, oats 16,176, potatoes 20,832, sugar 
25,365 pounds ; 4 stores, cap. 819,200; 1 tannery, 

2 grist ra., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $36,900. 
23 sch. 516 scholars. Pop. 1,910. 

Van Buren, county, Iowa. Situated in the 
s. w. part of the state, and contains 504 sq. ms. 
Drained by Des 3Ioines r. and its branches. The 
soil is fertile. Copper, iron, and tin ore, and a 
fine marble are found. Capital. Keo.sauke. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 5,364, sheep 2.667, 
swine 15,321 ; wheat 8,757 bush, produced, Ind. 
corn 151,481, buckwheat 1,046, oats 12,174, po- 
tatoes 18,150, sugar 6,369 pounds ; 16 stores, cap. 
§24,200 ; 1 tannery, 2 potteries, 10 grist m., 12 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. §31,295. 6 sch. 123 
scholars. Pop. 6,146. 

Van Buren, county, Mo. Situated in the w. 
part of the state, and contains 643 square miles. 
Drained by Grand r. and Big creek. The sur- 
face is undulating, and two thirds of it is prairie ; 
soil, fertile. Capital. Harri.sonville. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 1,726, sheep 3,332, swine 
19,573; wheat 1,614 bush, produced, Ind. com 
222,541, oats 11,000, potatoes 9,112, tobacco 8,875 
pounds, cotton 2,590 ; 1 1 stores, cap. 839,800 ; 4 
tanneries, 1 flouring m., 6 grist m., 2 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $8,310. 13 sch. 293 scholars. 
Pop. 4,693. 

Van Buren, county, Ark. Situated a little n. 
of the centre of the state, and contains 1,350 sq. 
ms. Drained by Little Red r. and its branches. 
Capital, Clinton. There were in 1840, neat cat- 
tle 2,863, sheep .520, swine 9.213; wheat 1,515 
bush, produced, Ind. corn 79.800, oats 3.257, po- 
tatoes 2,615, tobacco 1,220 pounds, cotton 8,()51 ; 
5 stores, cap. $4,104; 3 distilleries, 7 grist m., 4 



sch. 95 scholars. Pop. whites 1,459, slaves 59 ; 
total, 1,518. 

Van Buren, p-t., Onondaga co., N. Y., 12 n. 
w. Syracuse, 141 w. by n. Albany, 358 W. The 
surface is rolling ; soil, clay and sandy loam. 
Drained by Camp brook, flowing into Seneca r., 
which bounds it on the N. It has 8 stores, cap 
830,600 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 1 
flouring m., 2 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. Sn5,305. 1 aead. 61 students, 9 sch. 436 
scholars. Pop. 3,021. 

Van Bcren, p-o., Washington co., Pa., 216 w. 
Harrisburg, 243 W. 

Van Buren, p-t., Hancock co., O., 96 n. n. w. 
Columbus, 452 W. The v. contains 74 inhabit- 
ants. There are in the t. 1 grist m., 1 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $1,000. 3 sch. 127 scholars. 
Pop. 402. 

Van Buren, t., Darke co., O. It has 2 sch. 60 
scholars. Pop. 421. 

Van Bure.n, t., Shelby co., O. Pop. 596. 

Va.n Bure.n, p-o., Callaway co., Ky., 264 w. 
s. w. Frankfort, 791 W. 

Van Buren, t., Wayne co., Mich. Watered 
by Huron r. It has 6 sch. 114 scholars. Pop. 940. 

Van Buren, t.. Brown co., la. Pop. 417. 

Van Buren, t.. La Grange co., la. It has 2 
distilleries, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. 84,375. 2 sch. 75 scholars. Pop. 284. 

Van Buren, p-t.. Clay co., la., 61 w. s. w. In- 
dianapolis, 632 W. It has 1 distillery. Cap. in 
manufac. $900. 1 sch. 18 scholars. Pop. 533. 

Van Buren, p-v., Hardiman co., Tenn., 172 w. 
s. w. Nashville, 857 W. 

Van Buren, p-v., De Kalb co., Ala., 135 n. e. 
Tuscaloosa, 682 W. 

Van Buren, p-v., Itawamba co.. Miss. Sit- 
uated on the w. side of Tombigbee r., and con- 
tains about 100 inhabitants. 

Van Buren, p-v., capital of Ripley co.. Mo. 
Situated on the w. side of Current r. It contains 
a court house, 1 store, and a few dwellings. 

Van Bure.n, p-v.. Van Buren co., Iowa. 

Van Bure.n, p-v., capital of Crawford co.. Ark. 
Situated on the .n. side of Arkansas r., and con- 
tains a court house, jail, several stores, and about 
500 inhabitants. 

Van Buren, t., Carroll co.. Ark. It has I 
grist m. 

Van Buren Centre, p-o.. Van Buren t., Onon- 
daga CO., N. v., 144 w. by n. Albany, 351 W. 

Van Buren Harbor, p-v., Pomfret t., Chau- 
tauque CO., N. Y., 5 s. e. Dunkirk, 334 w. by s. 
Albany, 354 W. Situated on the s. side of Lake 
Erie, where is a convenient steamboat landing, 
and a few dwellings. It is extensively and re- 
gularly laid out. 

Van Burenville, p-o., W^allkill t., Orange 
CO., N. Y., 107 s. s. w. Albany, 278 W. 

Vanceborough, p-v.. Winnebago co.. El. 

Vanceburg, p-v., Lewis co., Ky., 110 e. n. e. 
Frankfort, 466 VV'. Situated on the s. w. side of 
Ohio r., at the junction of Salt cr. It contains 
about 50 inhabitants. 

Vances Ferry, p-o., Orangeburg dist., S. C, 
97 s. Columbia, 535 W. 

V' andaha, p-v., capital of Fayette co.. 111., and 
formerly capital of the state, is situated on the w. 
bank of Kaskaskia r. It is regularly laid out, 
with streets crossing each other at right angles. 
There is a public square in the centre, and the 
streets are 80 feet wide. It contains a court 
house, jail, a U. S. land office, 2 churches — 1 
Presbyterian and 1 3Iethodist — 11 stores, 2 print- 
ing offices, each issuing a weekly newspaper, 1 
steam saw m., 1 water saw in., and abou; 800 in- 
habitants. The national road extends to this place. 



VAR 



677 



VER 



Vanderburg, county, la. Situated in the s. 
w. part of the state, and fontains 225 sq. ms. 
The surlace is generally liilly, with an inferior 
soil, but near the Ohio r. the soil is very fertile. 
Ohio r. bounds it on the s., affording great com- 
mercial facilities. Drained by Big Pigeon, Blue 
Grass, Little, and Locust creeks. Capital, Evans- 
ville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 3,021, 
sheep 713, swine 7,330; wheat 4,223 bush, pro- 
duced, Ind. corn 105,729, oats 4,315, potatoes 
3,541, sugar 335 pounds ; 1 commission house, 
cap. §5,000 ; 49 stores, cap. $49,954 ; 1 tannery, 
1 distillery, 1 brewery, 2 llouring m., 7 saw m., 2 
printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in 
manufac. $57,180. 7 sch. 212 scholars. Pop. 
6,250. 

Vanderm.\rk, p-o., Alfred t., Alleghany co., 
N. Y., 258 w. by s. Albany, 328 W. 

Van Deusenville, p-v., Berkshire Co., Mass., 
137 w. Boston, 35 •< W. 

Van Ettenville, p-o., Cayuta t., Chemung 
CO., W. Y., 183 w. by s. Albany, 284 W. 

Van Hill, p-o., Hawkins co., Tenn., 261 E. 
Nashville, 451 W. 

Van Hooks Store, p-o., Person co., N. C, 52 
N. N. w. Raleigh, 255 W. 

Van Hornsville, p-o., Starks t., Herlumer 
CO., N. Y., 64 N. w. Albany, 382 W. 
Vannoy's Mill, p-o., Pike co., Mo. 
Vanns Vallev, p-o., Floyd co., Ga., 173 n. w. 
by w. Milledgeville, 6-<4 W. 

Van Renssklaer, t., Ottowa co., O. It com- 
prehends the Bass islands in Lake Erie, one of 
which has the fine harbor of Put in Bay. Pop. 27. 
Van Sickle's Store, p-o., Hunterdon co., N. 
J., 38 N. N. w. Trenton, 19S W. Situated on the 
s. E. foot of Muscouetcong mountain. 

Van Wert, county, O. Situated in the w. 
towanl the N. part of the state, and contains 432 
sq. ms. The surface is level; soil, varies from 
rich bottom to a light sandy loam, and is produc- 
tive. It is mostly covered with a dense forest. 
Drained by St. Mary's and Little Auglaize rivers. 
The 3Iiami canal passes near its e. border, with- 
out entering it. Capital, Van Wert. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 1,724, sheep 335, swine 3,800 ; 
wheat 3,090 bush, produced, Ind. corn 33,3'J6, 
oats 3,267, potatoes 5,671, sugar 3,070 pounds ; 4 
stores, cap. §4,100 ; 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $2,100. Pop. 1,577. 

Van Wert, p-v., capital of Paulding co., Ga., 
138 w. N. w. Miiledgeville, 631 W. It contams 
a court house, jail, an academy, 1 church, and 
about 125 inhabitants. 

Van Wert, p-v., capital of Van Wert co., O., 
136 N. w. by w. Columbus, 510 W. Situated on 
a branch of Little Auglaize r., and contains a 
court house, jail, and a number of dwellings. 

Varrenes, p-v., Anderson dist., S. C, 122 vv. 
N. w. Columbia, 549 W. 

Varick, p-t., Seneca co., N. Y., 8 s. Waterloo, 
186 w. Albany, 332 W. It extends from Cayuga 
lake on the e., to Seneca lake on the w., and the 
surface is moderately elevated in the middle, and 
declines to each lake. The soil is fertile, adapted 
to grain. It has 3 stores, cap. $11,000; 11 sch. 
615 scholars. Pop. 1,971. 

Variety Mills, p-o.. Nelson co., Va., 103 w. 
by N. Richmond, 165 W. It contains 1 store, 1 
grist m., 1 flouring m., 1 tannery, 4 dwellings, 
and 25 inhabitants. 

Varna, p-v., Dryden t., Tompkins co., N. Y., 
161 w. by s. Albany, 299 W. Situated on Fall 
cr., and contains 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 sash fac, 
30 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. 

Varysburg, p-v., Sheldon t., Wyoming co., 
N. Y., 264 w. Albany, 369 W. Situated on To- 



nawanda cr., iind contains 1 Baptist and 1 Meth- 
odist church, 4 stores, 1 woollen fac, 1 grist m., 
2 saw m., 1 tannery, 30 dwelUngs, and about 225 
inhabitants. 

Vassalborougii, p-t., Kennebec co.. Me., 11 
N. by E. Augusta, 606 W. Bounded w. by Ken- 
nebec r. The surface is various ; soil, fertile. 
The outlets of 2 large ponds, on its e. border, af- 
ford water power. 'I'here are several other ponds 
in the t. By means of the dam across Kennebec 
r. at Augusta, and the lock at that place, vessels 
from the ocean come to this place. Incorporated 
in 1771. It has 9 stores, cap. $9,200; 2 fulling 
m., 1 woollen fac, 6 tanneries, I paper factory, 7 
grist m., 7 saw m. Capital in manufac. §51,335. 
I acad. 100 students, 22 sch. 1,164 scholars. Pop. 
2,952. 

Vauclause, p-o.. Wood co., Va. 

Vaugine, t., Jefferson co.. Ark. It has 7 stores, 
cap. $49,100 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $20,100. Pop. 1,339. 

Venice, p-t., Cayuga co., N. Y., 15 s. Auburn, 
164 w. Alljany, 325 W. The surface is undula- 
ting ; soil, clay and gravelly loam. Drained by 
Salmon cr. It has 6 stores, cap. $34,000 ; 1 full- 
ing m., 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $13,200. 21 sch. 1,089 scholars. Pop. 
2,105. 

Venice, p-o., Washington co.. Pa. 

Venice, p-v., Erie co., O., 103 n. Columbus, 
417 W. Situated on the s. side of Sandusky bay 
on Cold cr., which rises in the centre of Marga- 
retta t., and has its source from springs, some 60 
feet below the surface of the earth, affording ex- 
tensive water power, not influenced by rain or 
drought. It contains 3 stores, 3 warehouses, 100 
rods of wharf, 1 flouring m. capable of grinding 
1,000 bush, wheat daily, 1 saw m., 1 lath fac, 1 
shingle fac, 50 dwellings, and about 400 inhab- 
itants. 

Venice, t., Seneca co., O. The soil is fertile. 
It contains Attica and Caroline villages. It has 

5 sch. 255scholars. Pop. 1,222. 
Venice, p-o., Caroline co., Va. 

Venango, county, Pa. Situated toward the 
N. w. part of the state, and contains 1,120 square 
ms. Drained by Alleghany r. and its branches, 
and by Toby's cr. The surface is uneven ; soil, 
well adapted to grazing. Organized in 1805. 
Capital, Franklin. "There were in 1840, neat cat- 
tle 16,070, sheep 28,775, swine 24,512; wheat 
128,486 bush, produced, rye 72,063, Indian corn 
59,730, buckwheat 52,114, oats 214,157, potatoes 
118,719, sugar 17,561 lbs.; 43 stores, cap. $120,000; 
7 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 16 furnaces, 1 forge, 
17 tanneries, 4 distdleries, 3 potteries, 49 grist m., 
59 saw m., 2 oil m., 1 printing oflice, 1 weekly 
newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $134,755. 1 acad. 
20 students, 35 sch. 949 scholars. Pop. 17,900. 

Venango, t., Crawford co.. Pa. It has 3 stores, 
cap. $4,100; 1 tannery, 1 pottery, 1 flouring m., 

6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,870. Pop. 1,299. 
Venango, t., Erie co.. Pa. It has 1 woollen 

fac, I grist ra., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufactures 
$3,600. 9 sch. 2,50 scholars. Pop. 812. 

Venango, t., Butler co.. Pa. It has 1 store, 
capital $1,600 ; 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 1 saw m. 
Capital in manufac. §3,945. 7 sch. 121 scholars 
Pop. 822. 

Verbank, p-o.. Union Vale t., Dutchess co., 
N. Y., 82 s. by e. Albany, 309 W. 

Verdiersville, p-o., Orange co., Va., 88 n. 
w. Richmond, 82 W, 

Verdon, p-o., Hanover co., Va., 23 n. Rich- 
mond, 97 W. 

A^ERGENNES, city, Addison co., Vl., 66 w. by 
s. Montpeiier, 489 W. This is the only city m 



VER 



678 



VER 



the slate, and lies at the head of navigation on 
Otter Creek r., 7 miles from its mouth. Vessels 
of 31)0 tons may come to its wharf, and JIcDon- 
ough's squadron, by which the victory of Platls- 
burgh was gained, Sept. 11th, 1814, was fitted 
out here. Incorporated as a city in 1788. Otter 
creek is here 500 feet wide, and is divided by an 
island into 2 channels, with a fall of 37 feet, crea- 
ting probably the best water power in the state. 
Tiie iron works here are very extensive. Ore is 
obtained from Monktoru in the vicinity. It con- 
tains 3 churches — 1 Congregational, 1 Episcopal, 
and 1 Methodist ; 13 stores, cap. $110,000 ; 2 full- 
ing m., 1 woollen fac, 3 tanneries, 2 grist m., 2 
saw m , 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. 
Capital in inanulac. $3,800. 3 sch. 230 scholars. 
Pop. 1,017. It contains many neat dwellings, 
and has a romantic appearance. 

Vkrmilion, bay. La. Situated at the mouth 
■of Vermilion r., and connected with the Gulf of 
Mexico by a strait called Grand Pass. It is con- 
nected on the E. with Cote Blanche bay. Ver- 
milion bay has 10 or 12 feet water, but the bar at 
its entrance has only 5 feet. 

Vermilio.n, river, La., rises in the N. E. part 
of Lafayette pari.sh, and flowing s. through its E. 
part, it enters Vermilion bay. 

VKRMrLioN, river, O., rises in the n. part of 
Richland co., and flows n. into Lake Erie, 9 ms. 
E. Huron. The United States government has 
improved the harbor at iUs mouth. 

Veumilio.\, river, HI., rises in Livingston co., 
and enters Illinois r. in La Salle co., at the fool 
of the rapids. It has rapids and falls in its lower 
part, and affords good water power. Bituminous 
coal, lime, sand, and freestone, are found on its 
banks. 

Vermilion, county, la. Situated in the w. 
part of the state, is long and narrow, and contains 
230 sq. miles. Wabash r. flows on its e. border. 
Watered by Vermilion and Little Vermilion rs., 
and other small branches of Wabash river. The 
surface is elevated and gently rolling ; soil, fer- 



tile, t^apital, Newport. There were in 1810, 
neat cattle 7,C32, sheep 6,498, swine 23,085 ; 
whe.-it 51,185 bu.sh. produced, Ind. corn 508,297, 
oats 83,027, potatoes 18,029, rice 29,051 pounds, 
tobacco 890; 22 stores, cap. $124,100; 2 tanner- 
ies, 5 distilleries, 4 flouring m., 3 grist m., 6 saw 
m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. 
in manufac. $40,825. 13 sch. 426 scholars. Pop. 
8,274. 

Vekmimon, countj', 111. Situated in the k. 
part of the state, and contains 1,000 sq. ms. The 
surface is undulating ; soil, fertile. Drained by 
Big and Little Vermilion rs. and their branches. 
Capital, Danville. There were in 1840, neat cat- 
tle 13,725, sheep 16,966, swine 35,984; wheat 
69.708 bushels produced, rye 6,3J2, Indian com 
941,810, potatoes 20,602, tobacco 5,481 pounds, 
sugar 101,807 ; 24 stores, cap. 889,8U0; 3 tanner- 
ies, 3 distilleries, 3 potteries, 4 flouring m., 15 grist 
m., 27 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufactures 
863,110. 26 sell. 691 scholars. Pop. 9,303. 

Vermilion, p-t., Erie co., O., 119 n. Columbus, 
389 W. Lake Erie bounds it on the n., and Ver- 
milion r. flows through its n. e. part into the lake. 
It abounds .in iron ore, which is extensively 
wrought. It has a v. of the same name at the 
mouth of the r. It has 12 sch. 575 scholars. Pop. 
1,334. 

Vermilion, t., Richland co., O. It contains 
Haysville v. It has 648 scholars in schools. Pop. 
2,402. 

Vermilion, t., Vermilion co., la. It has 1 dis- 
tillery. Capital in manufac. $1,050. 2 sch. 55 
scholars. Pop. 1,540. 

Vermilionville, p-v., capital of Lafayette 
par., La. Situated on the w. side of Vermilion r., 
li m. from it, at the head of navigation, on a beau- 
tiful plain. It contains a court house, jail, and 
250 inhabitants. 

Vermilionville, p-v.. La Salle co., 111. Sit- 
uated a little N. E. of Vermilion r. On the r. is 
abundant water power, and bituminous coal exists 
in great quantities in the vicinity. 



VERMONT. 

Vermont, one of the northern United States, is bounded n. by Lower Canada ; E. by New 
Hampshire ; s. by Massachusetts ; and w. by New York, from which it is chiefly separated by 
Lake Champlain. It lies between 42° 44' and 45° n. lat.,and between 71° 38' and 73° 26' w. Ion. 
It is 157 miles long from n. to s., and 90 miles broad on the northern boundary, and 40 on the 
southern, and contains 10,212 square miles, or 6,535,630 acres. The population in 1790, was 
85,589; in 1800, 154,405; in 1810,217,895; in 1820,235,764; in 1830, 280,679; in 1840, 291,948. 
Of these 140,.378 are white males ; 144,840 do. females ; 364 colored males ; 306 do. females. 
Employed in agriculture, 73,150 ; in commerce, 1,303; in manufactures and trades, 13,174; navi- 
gating the ocean, rivers, &c., 187; learned professions, &c., 1,563. 

The state is divided into 14 counties, which, with their population in 1840, and their capitals, 
were as follows : Addison, 23,583, Middlebury ; Bennington, 16,872, Bennington and Manchester; 
Caledonia, 21,891, Danville; Chittenden, 22,977, Burlington ; Essex, 4,226, Guildhall ; Frank- 
lin, 24,531, St. Albans ; Grand Isle, 3,883, North Hero ; Lamoille, 10,475, Hydepark ; Orange, 
27,873, Chelsea; Orleans, 13,634, Irasburg ; Rutland, 30,699, Rutland; Washington, 23,506, 
Montpelier ; Windham, 27,412, Newfane ; Windsor, 40,356, Windsor and Woodstock. 

l^lontpelier, on Winooski river, 33 miles e. s. e. from Burlington, is the capital. 

Vermont is a hilly or mountainous country. To the distance of from 5 to 10 miles E. of Lake 
Champlain the country is moderately uneven, and generally very fertile. A chain of mountains, 
called the Green mountains, from which the state takes its name, runs almost the whole length of 
the state, being in the south part from 10 to 15 miles wide, with some intervening valleys. Near 
the centre of the state the range divides into two parts ; the western continues n., and, though 
broken, has the highest summits ; while the eastern passes in a n. e. direction, in an unbroken 
chain. It is a curious fact that this immense barrier has a passage through it, without even any 
high hills. The southern branch of Onion river, which flows into Lake Champlain. has its source 
very near to if not in the same swamp with the head of White river, wliich flows into the Connec- 



VER 679 VER 

ticut. The road passes along these streams from Burlington through 3Iontpelier to Hartford, Vt., 
without any considerable elevations or depressions, and is called the valley road, presenting much 
grand and beautiful scenery. It passes near the base of Camel's Rump, one of the highest peaks 
of the Green mountains. Before the mountain divides, Killington Peak, 3,675 feet above the level 
of the sea, is the highest summit, but there are two higher summits after it divides, which arc in 
the western range. These are Camel's Rump, on the s. side of Onion river, which is 4,188 feet 
liigh, and Mansfield mountain, the highest of all, on the n. side of Onion river, which is 4,279 feet 
high. ITie land in the part of the state e. of the mountain ridge, is more hilly than that on the 
western side. 

The soil of the state may be regarded as fertile, but is generally better fitted for grazing than for 
grain. Excellent land for wheat is found throughout the western border of the state near Lake 
Champlain, and summer wheat succeeds well in most parts of the state. Corn produces the best 
on the margin of the streams, though it does well in other parts. Even among the Green moun- 
tains are fine grazing farms. The productions of the state are wheat, rye, Indian com, oats, buck- 
wheat, peas, and flax. The natural growth of the soil, on the e. of the mountains, is birch, beech, 
maple, ash, elm, and butternut ; and on the w. the growth of hard wood is intermixed with pine 
and other evergreens. 

In 1840 there were in this state, 62,402 horses and mules ; 384,341 neat cattle ; 1,681,819 sheep ; 
203,800 swine : poultry to the value of .«131,578. There were produced 495,800 bushels of wheat ; 
54,781 of barley; 2,222,584 of oats; 230,993 of rye ; 228,416 of buckwheat ; 8,869,751 of potatoes; 
1,119,678 of Indian com; 836,739 tons of hay; 29 of hemp and flax; 4,286 pounds of silk cocoons; 
3,699,235 of wool ; 4,647,934 of sugar; 48,137 of hops ; 4,660 of wax. The products of the dairy 
amounted to $2,008,737; of the orchard to $213,944; of lumber to $349,939; 713 tons of pot and 
pearl ashes. 

The exports consist of pot and pearl ashes, beef, pork, butter, cheese, flax, live cattle, &c. The 
trade e. of the mountains is chiefly to Boston and Hartford ; and w. of the mountains to New York 
and Montreal, to which it has an easy access through Lake Champlain and the Champlain canal 
to the Hudson river. 

The climate is healthy, though the winters are cold. The snow generally lies from December 
to March, and is often 4 feet deep on the mountains. It is on an average several degrees colder 
on the eastern than on the western side of the mountains. Lake Champlain is not wholly frozen 
over until about the 1st of Februarj'. 

The most important rivers are on the w. side of the state, and flow into Lake Champlain. They are 
the Otter Creek, 85 miles long, and navigable for sloops 6 miles to Vergennes ; Onion river, which 
is 80 miles long, and enters the lake 4 miles n. of the village of Burlington ; Lamoille, which is 70 
miles long, and Missisque, which has about the same length. Small boats may penetrate these 
rivers to their lower falls, and they all have sets of fine falls, which furnish excellent mill sea's. 
The principal rivers on the e. side of the mountains, wliich flow into the Connecticut, are Deerfield, 
White, Black, and Pasumsic rivers. 

Lake Champlain, more than two thirds of which is in this state, is estimated to contain 600 
square miles. Lake Memphreinagog lies partly in this stale and partly in Canada, and is 40 
ms. long, and 7 or 8 wide. Lake Bombazine in Castleton, and Salisbury Pond in Salisburj', are 
considerable bodies of water. The islands of Lake Champlain are considerably numerous, and 
some of them are large, fertile, and populous, and, with the peninsula of Alburgh, constitute Grand 
Isle county. The pruicipal are iS'orth Hero, South Hero, and La Motte. 1'here are various har- 
bors on Lake Champlain, the j)rincipal of which are those of St. Albans, Burlington, and Vergennes. 

Burlington is the largest and most commercial town in the state. The other principal towns are 
Middlebury, St. Albans, Rutland, and Bennington on the w., Montpelier in the centre, and Wind- 
sor, Woodstock, Danville, and Newbury on the e. side of the mountains. 

The exports of this state in 1840, amounted to $305,150 ; and the imports to $404,617. 

Vermont is an agricultural, rather than a commercial or manufacturing state. There were in the 
state in 1840, 747 retail stores, groceries, <Stc., which employed a capital of S2,%4,060. There was 
employed in the lumber trade a capital of $45,506. The home-made or domestic manufactures 
amounted to .9674,518. There were in the state 95 woollen manufactories, and 239 fulling mUls, 
which employed 1,450 persons, and produced articles to the amount of $1,331,953, with a capital 
of $1,406,950: there were 7 cotton manufactories with 7,254 spindles, which manufactured articles 
to the amount of $113,000, and employed a capital of $118,100; 26 fumaces produced 6,743 tons of 
cast iron, and 14 forges produced 655 tons of bar iron, employing 788 persons, and a capital of 
$664,150; hats and caps were manufactured to the amount of $62,432, and straw bonnets to the 
amount of $2,819. employing 126 persons, and a capital of .$32,875; 17 paper manufactories pro- 
duced articles to the amount of $179,720 ; all other manufactories of paper produced .$35,000, the 
whole employing 195 per.sons, and a capital of $216,500 ; 2 glass houses employed 70 persons, pro- 
ducing articles to the amoimt of $55,000, with a capital of $35,000 ; 8 potteries produced articles to 



VER 680 VER 

the amounl of $23,000, with a capital of $10,350 ; 261 tanneries employed 509 persons, with a capi- 
tal of $403,093 ; 399 other leather manufaclories, as saddleries, &c., manufactured articles to the 
amount of $361,408, with a capital of $168,090 ; granite and marble were manufactured to the 
amount of $62,515 ; bricks, and lime were made to the amount of $402,218 ; 2 distilleries and 1 
brewery employed 5 persons, and a capital of $8,850 ; 87 persons produced machinery to the 
amount of $101,354 ; 33 persons produced hardware and cutlery to the amount of $16,650 ; 437 per- 
sons produced carriages and wagons to tlie amount of $102,097, with a capital of $101,570; 190 
persons manufactured furniture to the amount of $83,275, with a capital of $49,850 ; 72 stone or 
brick houses, and 463 wooden hou.5es were built by 912 persons, and cost $344,896 ; 42 persons 
manufactured 1,158 small-arms ; vessels were built to tlie amount of $72,000; 29 printing offices, 
14 binderies, 2 daily newspapers, 26 weekly do., 2 semi-weekly do., and 3 periodicals, employed 
156 persons, and a capital of $194,200. The total amount of capital employed in manufactures in 
the state was $4,326,440. 

There are three colleges in Vermont. The University of Vermont, in Burlington, was founded 
in 1791 ; Middlebury College in 1800 ; and Norwich University in 1834. In these institutions, 
there were in 1840, 233 students. There were in the state 45 academies, with 4,113 students ; 
and 2,402 primary and common schools, with 82,817 scholars ; and 2,270 persons over 20 years of 
age who could neither read nor write. 

The principal religious denominations are the Congrcgationalists, the Baptists, and the Metho- 
dists. In 1836, the Congrcgationalists had 186 cliurches, 114 ministers, and 20,575 communicants ; 
the Baptists, 125 churches, 78 ministers, and 10,525 communicants ; the Methodists had 75 itiner- 
ant preachers ; the Episcopalians, 1 bishop and 18 ministers. Besides these there is a considerable 
number of Universalists and Christians, and a few Unitarians and Roman Catholics. 

In September, 1339, there were 19 banks, with an aggregate capital of $1,325,530, and a circula- 
tion of $1,966,*^ 12. Vermont has no state debt. 

There is a Penitentiary located at Windsor. 

The first constitution of this state was formed in 1777. The present constitution was adopted 
July 4th, 1793. The legislative power is vested in the house of representatives, elected annually, 
and every town is entitled to one representative. The " General Assembly of the State of Ver- 
mont" meet annually at Montpelkr in October. The executive power is vested in a governor, 
lieutenant-governor, and a council of 12 persons chosen annually by the people. They commission 
all officers, sit as judges to consider and determine on impeachments, prepare and lay before the 
general assembly such business as appears to them necessary, and have power to revise and pro- 
pose amendments to the laws passed by the house of representatives. The judiciary power is 
vested in a supreme court, consisting of 5 judges ; and one judge of the supreme court, with two 
assistant judges in each county, constitute a county court. The judges of the supreme and county 
courts, judges of probate courts, sheriffs and justices of the peace, are elected annually by the 
general assembly. A council of censors, consisting of 13 persons, are cliosen every 7 years, 
who meet at Montpelier in June, to inquire whether tlie constitution has been preserved inviolate, 
whether the executive and legislative branches of the government have performed their duty as 
guardians of the people, whether taxes have been justly laid and collected, in what manner the 
public moneys have been disposed of, and whether the laws have been duly executed. 

Every person of 21 years of age, who has resided in the state one year immediately previous to 
the election of representatives, and is of quiet and peaceable behavior, has the right of suffrage. 
The pay of the councillors and representatives is $1.50 a day, during the session, and 6 cents a 
mile for travel, going and returning. The lieutenant-governor and speaker of the house receive 
$2.50 a day. The salary of the governor is $750 a year. 

Several charters have been granted by the legislature for works of internal improvement, but it 
is doubtful whether any of them will soon be undertaken. Several short canals have been con- 
structed for the improvement of the navigation of Connecticut river. 

The first settlement of the state was at Fort Dimimer, in the s. E. part of the state, by settlers 
from Massacliuselts. New Hampshire claimed the territory from 1741 to 1764, and granted 
many townships in the state to proprietors. New York also claimed the territory, and obtained 
a grant of it from the British Parliament in 1764. These conflicting claims produced great diffi- 
culties. When the revolutionary war commenced. Congress dared not admit Vermont to the con- 
federacy, for fear of offending New Hampshire and New York. But the inhabitants were de- 
termined to be independent, and the British hoped to be able to detach them from the American 
cause. Vermont had a difficult part to act. But her wise leaders outwitted the British, by 
cherishing their hopes, and tlms saving tliemselves from attack ; and gave the most demonstrative 
proof of their exalted coxu-age, and their devoted patriotism. 

In 1790, New York was induced, by the payment of $30,000, to withdraw its claims; and in 
1791, Vermont was admitted into the Union. 



VER 



681 



VER 



Vekmont, p-0., Gerry t., Chautauque co., N. 
y., 335 w. by s. Albany, 325 W. 

Vermont, p-v., Fulton co., 111. 

Vermont, p-v., Cooper co.. Mo. 

Vermontville, p-v., Eaton co., Mich. Situ- 
ated on the N. side of Thorn Apple r. It con.sists 
of a colony of about 40 families of Vermonters, 
who have taken up about 10,000 acres of land, 
and are making improvements, with a prospect 
of raising up a flourishing v. Pop of t. 182. 

Vernal, p-o., Attica t., Wyoming co., N. Y., 
252 w. Albany, 370 W. 

Vernon, p-t., Windham co., Vt., 128 s. Mont- 
pelier, 418 W. Bounded e. by Connecticut r., 
by small tributaries of which it is watered. The 
surface is mountainous and rough ; soil, general- 
ly indifferent, but in some parts fertile. White 
Lilly, a pond, covers 100 acres. Slate is formd 
in its w. parts. It was one of the earliest settleil 
places in the state, and called Hinsdale, until 
1802. It has 1 store, cap. $4,000; 2 grist m., 4 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,200. 8 sch. 231 
scholars. Pop. 705. 

Vernon, p-t., Tolland co., Ct., 12 e. n. E.Hart- 
ford, 348 VV. The surface is uneven; soil, 
gravelly loam, and moderately fertile. Watered 
ny Hockanum r., flowing from Snipsick pond at 
its N. E. comer, which affords water power. The 
V. contains 1 Congregational and 1 Baptist 
church. There are in the I. 4 stores, cap. 
$15,500; 10 fulling m., 10 woollen fac, 4 cotton 
fac. 5,104 sp., 1 tannery, 1 paper fac, 2 grist m., 
3 saw m., 2 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $368,165. 8 
sch. 322 scholars. Pop. 1,430- 

Vernon, p-t., Oneida co., >J . Y., 16 w. Utica, 108 
w. N. w. Albany, 371 W. -The surface is undu 
kiting; soil, sandy loam and fertile clay. Drain 
ed by Oneida and Skcnandoa creeks. The v 
was incorporated in 1827, and contains 3 churches 
— 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, and 1 L'nitarian — an 
academy, 4 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 tannery 
100 dwellings, and about 700 inhabitants. In 
the vicinity, on Skenandoa cr., is a large gl 
fac. There are in the t. 13 stores, cap. $66,500 ; 
3 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 1 distil- 
lery, 2 glass houses, 1 printing ofJice, 1 weekly 
newspaper, 4 grist m., 13 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $93,300. 2 acad. 17 schools. Pop. 3,043. 

Vernon, p-t., Sussex co., N. J., 92 n. by e. 
Trenton, 260 VV. The surface is covered with 
mountains, rising in the e. to the height of 1,000 
feet. Drained by Warwick cr. and its tributa- 
ries, Pacack cr. a branch of Pequannock cr., and 
small branches of Wallkill r. The v. is situated 
in a valley between 2 mountain ridges, and con 
tains 1 store, and 12 or 15 dwellings. Hamburg 
V. is in its s. w. angle. There are in the t. 2 
stores, cap. $7,000 ; 2 forges, 4 distilleries, 3 grist 
m., 4 saw m. Cap. in niaimfac. $14,210. 12 
sch. 371 scholars. Pop. 2,395. 

Vernon, t., Crawford co.. Pa. It has 1 ful- 
Ihig m., 1 distillery, 3 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $11,070. Pop. 1,240. 

Vernon, p-v., Kent co., Del., 32 s. s. w. Dover, 
116 W. 

Vernon, p-v., Troup co., Ga., 129 w. Milledge 
ville, 747 W. Situated on the w. side of Chatta- 
hoochee r. It contains a Baptist church, an 
academy, and about 25 dwellings. 

Vernon, p-v., Autauga co., Ala., 112 .s. e. 
Tuscaloosa, 852 W. Situated on the n. side of 
Alabama r., on the e. side of Swift or., at its en- 
trance into the r. It has about 200 inhabitants. 

Vernon, p-v., Hickman co., Tcnn., 62 s. w. 
Nashville, 746 W. Situated on Pine cr., and 
contains a church and several dwellings. 

Vernon, p-t., Trumbull co., Ohio, 189 n. e. 
86 



Columbus, 304 W. It has 7 sch. 257 scholars 
Pop. 789. 

Vernon, t., Scioto co., O. Mineral coal and 
iron ore are abundant. It has 1 sch. 32 scholars. 
Pop. 902. 

Vernon, t., Clinton co., O. It has 4 stores, 
cap. $8,500 ; 2 tanneries, 3 flouring m., 3 grist ra., 
4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,562. 8 sch. 590 
scholars. Pop. 1,434. 

Vernon, p-v., Allen co., Ky., 53 s. w. Frank- 
fort, 674 W. 

Vernon, p-v., capital of Jennings co., la., 65 
s. E. Indianapolis, 569 W. Situated on the e. 
side of Vernon fork of Muscatatack r. It con- 
tains an elegant brick court house, a jail, clerk's 
office, with a valuable library, contributed by the 
proprietors of the place, 1 church, common to 
Baptists, Methodists, and Presbyterians, 2 stores, 
and about 250 inhabitants. 

Vernon, t., Hancock co., la. Pop. 492. 

Vernon, t., Washington co., la. It has 6 
stores, cap. $9,000 ; 1 cotton fac, 1 sch. 20 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,936. 

Vernon, p-t., Milwaukie co., Wis. It has 1 
sch. 17 scholars. Pop. 187. 

Vernon, p-v., Madison co.. Miss. Situated on 
the s. e. side of Big Black r. Steamboats ascend 
to this place a part of the year. It contains 
about 200 inhabitants. 

Vernon Centre, p-v., Vernon t., Oneida co., 
N. Y., 105 w. N. w. Albany, 375 W. 

Verona, t., Oneida co., N. Y., 20 w. Utica, 
116 w. n. w. Albany. The surface is level, 
with some swamps ; soil, rich mold, blended 
with sanil. Oneida lake lies on its n. w. bor- 
der. Drained by Wood cr., which bounds it on 
tiie N., receiving small tributaries from the t. 
The Erie canal passes through the I., from which 
the Oneida Lake canal here branches off. It has 
17 stores, cap. $26,600 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen 
lac, 4 tanneries, 1 glass fac, 2 grist m., 20 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $73,000. 24 sch. 1,218 
scholars. Pop. 4,504. 

Verona, p-o., Calhoun co., Mich. 

Verona, [)-v., Boone co., Ky., 53 n. Frank- 
fort, 516 W. 

Vp:rona, p-v., Vanderburg co., la., 182 s. w. 
Indianapolis, 737 W. 

Verplank, p-v., Cortland t., Westchester co., 
N. Y., 4 s. Peekskill. Situated on the e. side of 
Hudson r., and has a convenient steamboat 
landing. It contains 2 stores, and 15 or 20 
dwellings. 

Versailles, p-o., Perrysburgh t., Cattaraugus 
CO., N. Y., 308 w. by s. Albany, 361 W. 

Versailles, t., Alleghany co.. Pa., 12 s. e. 
Pittsburg. The surface is hilly ; soil, loam. 
Youghiogheny r. runs on its s. border, and Mo- 
nongahela r. on is w. boundary. Drained by 
Turtle creek and Long run. It contains McKees- 
port and Perriisport villages. It has 2 sch. 113 
scholars. Pop. 1,456. 

Versailles, p-v., Williamson co., Tenn., 38 
s. Nashville, 701 W. 

Versailles, p-v., capital of Woodford co., 
Ky., 12 s. s. e. Frankfort, 534 W. Situated a 
little s. of the railroad from Lexington to Frank- 
fort, to which it is connected by a short branch. 
It contains a court house, jail, and several stores, 
and 1,044 inhabitants. 

Versailles, p-v., capital of Ripley co., la., 69 
s. e. Indianapolis, 545 W. Situated on the w. 
side of Laughery cr., and contains a court house, 
jail, and about 400 inhabitants. The surround- 
ing country is well cultivated. 

Versailles, p-v.. Brown co., Ill- Situated 
a little N. of McKees cr. 



VIC 



682 



VIE 



Versailles, p-v., capital of Morgan co., Mo., 
36 w. by s. of JefTerson City, 1,020 W. It con- 
tains a court house, jail, and about 200 inhabit- 
ants. 

Vershire, p-t., Orange co., Vt., 31 s. E. Mont- 
pelier, 510 W. The surface is uneven, and in 
part stony ; soil, adapted to grazing. Watered 
by Ompompanoosuc r. Chartered in 1781 ; first 
settled in 1780. It has 2 stores, cap. $4,100; 1 
fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $5,300. 16 sch. 436 scholars. Pop. 
1,198. 

Vesper, p-c, Tally t., Onondaga co., N. Y., 
135 w. by N. Albany, 332 W. 

Vestal, p-l., Broome co., N. Y., 147 w. s. w. 
Albany, 289 W. The surface is ridgy and 
broken ; soil, fertile on the flats, otherwise hea- 
vily timbered. Drained by Choconut cr., and 
other streams flowing into Susquehanna r.,whic1i 
bounds it on the n. The v. contains a few dwell- 
ings. It has 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 21 saw m., 8 
sch. 371 scholars. Pop. 1,253. 

Vesuvius Furnace, p-o., Lincoln co., N. C, 
162 w. Nashville, 399 W. 

Veteran, p-t., Chemung co., N. Y., 11 N. El- 
mira, 190 w. s. w. Albany. The surface is hilly ; 
soil, a fertile gravelly and clay loam. Drained by 
the inlet of Seneca lake, which affords good wa- 
ter power. It has 5 stores, cap. $32,075 ; 3 tan- 
neries. Cap. in manufac. $4,000. 7 sch. 408 
scholars. Pop. 2,279. 

Vevay, p-v., capital of Switzerland co., la., 94 
s. e. Indianapolis, 544 W. Situated on the n. e. 
bank of Ohio r. Settled by emigrants from 
Switzerland, and contains a court house of brick, 
a jail, 7 stores, a printing office, 200 dwellings, 
many of them of brick, and about 1,200 inhabit- 
ants. The site is one of the most pleasant on 
Ohio r. The vine has been extensively and 
successfully cultivated in this place and the vi- 
cinity. 

Vevay, p-t., Ingham co., Mich. The court 
house of the co. is in the N. E. part of the t. It 
has 4 sch. 82 scholars. Pop. 223. 

Vicarage, p-o., Randolph co., N. C, 61 w. 
Raleigh, 347 W. 

VicKSBURG, city, and capital of Warren co.. 
Miss., 41 w. by n. Jackson, 1,051 W. Situated 
on the E. side of Mississippi r., 400 miles above 
New Orleans, and ihougli of recent origin, it has 
become a large and flourishing place. It con- 
tains a court house, jail, 4 churches — 1 Presby- 
terian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Methodist, and 1 Roman 
Catholic — 3 academies, 2 male and 1 female, 50 
wholesale grocery and commission stores, 50 re- 
tail drygoods stores, a printing ofiice, and 3,104 
inhabitants. A number of boats are always ly- 
ing in the harbor, and a great quantity of cotton 
is shipped here. The town is situated on the 
shelving declivity of high hills, and the houses 
are scattered in groups on tlie terraces. It is just 
below the Walnut Hills. The country around is 
very fertile. Steamboats regularly ply between 
this place and New Orleans. A railroad extends 
from Vicksburg to Brandon, through Jackson. 

VicKsviLLE, p-o., Soutliampton co., Va., 64 s. 
by E. Richmond, 183 W. 

VicKsviLLE, p-o., Nash CO., N. C. 

Victor, p-t., Ontario co., N. Y., 12 n.w. Can- 
andaigua, 203 Albany. The surface is uneven; 
soil, sandy and clay loam. Drained by 3Iud cr. 
The v. is siluatetl near the line of the Auburn 
and Rochester railroad, and contains 3 churches 
— 1 Presbyterian, 1 Methodist, and 1 Universal- 
ist — 3 stores, 40 dwellings, and about 300 in- 
habitants. It has 3 stores, cap. $15,000; 2 full- 
ing m., 2 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 3 



flouring m., 4 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $140,940. 1 acad. 25 students, 12 sch. 671 
scholars. Pop. 2,393. 

Victoria, p-o., Knox co., 111. 

Victoria, p-v., Bolivar co.. Miss., 125 n. Jack- 
son. Situated on the E. bank of Mississippi r. 

Victory,!., Essex co., Vt., 10 n.w. Guildhall. 
Watered by Moose r. Chartered in 1781, but 
has been but little settled. It has 1 saw m., 2 
sch. 30 scholars. Pop. 140. 

Victory, p-t., Cayuga co., N. Y., 20 n. Au- 
burn, 169 w. by N. Albany, 352 W. The sur- 
face is undulating; soil, sandy and gravelly 
loam. Drained by Sodus cr. The v. contains 
2 stores, 40 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. 
There are in the t. 4 stores, cap. $14,200 ; 1 full- 
ing m., 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $1,550. 1 acad. 30 students. 18 sch. 
856 scholars. Pop. 2,371. 

ViDALiA, v., capital of Concordia, par.. La. 
Situated on the w. side of the Mississippi r., im- 
mediately opposite to Natchez. It contains a 
court house and a few dwellings, built on a street 
parallel with the r. 

Vienna, p-t., Kennebec co., Me., 23 n. w. 
Augusta, 618 W. A branch of Sandy r. bounds 
it on the w. The soil is fertile, adapted to grain. 
Incorporated in 1802. It has 1 saw m., 7 sch. 
377 scholars. Pop. 891. 

Vienna, p-t., Oneida co., N. Y., 3 n. w. Utica, 
125 w. by s. Albany. The surface is undula- 
ting ; soil, generally fertile. Drained by Fish 
cr., and other streams flowing into Oneida lake, 
which bounds it in part on the s. Tlie v. is situ- 
ated near the n. e. comer of Oneida lake. 
There are in the t. 7 stores, cap. $30,000 ; 1 lum- 
ber yard, cap. $14,000; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen 
fac, 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $17,950. 22 sch. 822 scholars. Pop, 
2,530. 

Vienna, v., Phelps t., Ontario co., N. Y. Situ- 
ated on the outlet of Canandaigua lake, at the 
junction of Flint cr., and contains 3 churches — 
2 Presbyterian and 1 Methodist— 1 female semi- 
nary, 9 stores, 6 flouring m., 4 plaster m., 3 saw 
m., 2 edge tool fac, 2 clothiers' works, 1 furnace, 
2 distilleries, 200 dweUings, and about 1,400 in- 
habitants. The Auburn and Rochester railroad 
passes through the place. 

Vienna, p-v., Dorchester co., Md., 79 s. e. 
Annapolis. Situated on the w. side of Nanti- 
coke r., which is navigable to this place for sea 
vessels. It contains 1 Episcopal and 1 Metho- 
dist church, and 20 or 30 dwellings. It has con- 
siderable navigation, and is a port of entry. 
Tonnage 1840, 15,534. 

Vienna, p-v., Stokes co., N. C, 123 w. by N. 
Raleigh, 331 W. 

Vienna, p-v., Pickens co., Ala., 50 Tus- 
caloosa, 868 W. Situated on the e. side of Tom- 
bigbee r., just above the entrance ef Sipsey r., 
and contains 1 store and about 150 inhabitants. 

Vienna, p-v., capital of Dooly co., Ga., 85 s. s. 
w. Milledgeville, 742 W. Situated on Indian cr., 
and contauis a court house, jail, and about 10 
dwellings. 

Vienna, p-t., Trumbull co., O., 178 n. e. Co- 
lumbus, 298 W. It has 12 sch. 640 scholars. 
Pop. 969. 

Vienna, p-v., Macomb co., Mich. 

Vienna, t., Genesee co., Mich. Pop. 212. 

Vienna, p-v., Scott co., la., 85 s. Indianapolis, 
585 W. it contains a store and about 60 in- 
habitants. 

Vienna, p-v., capital of Johnson co.. El. Sit- 
uated on the E. fork of Cash r., and contains a 
court house, jail, 3 stores, and about 30 dwellings. 



VIR 



683 



VIR 



Vienna Cross Roads, p-o., Harmony t., Clarke 
CO., O. 

Vigo, county, la. Situated in the w. toward 
the s. part of the state, and contains 400 sq. ms. 
The surface is level or gently undulating, with 
a due proportion of forest and prairie ; soil, very 
fertile. Drained by Wabash r., which is navi- 
gable, and by Spring, Coal, Otter, Lost, Sugar, 
Clear, and Honey creeks. The Wabash and 
Erie canal terminates at Terre Haute. Capital, 
Terre Haute. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
12,086, sheep 8,541, swine 31,730 ; wheat 17,654 
bush, produced, Ind. corn 718,485, buckwheat 
2,268, oats 104,683, potatoes 33,706, sugar 10,117 
pounds ; 5 commission houses, cap. $42,400 ; 54 
stores, cap. $214,675; 1 furnace, 4 tanneries, 4 
distilleries, 1 brewery, 2 flouring m., 9 grist m., 
18 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 printing ollices, 2 weekly 
newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $70,444. 29 
sch. 1,307 scholars. Pop. 12,076. 

Village Green, p-v., Ashton t., Delaware 
CO., Pa., 89 E. Harrisburg, 123 W. It contains a 
Methodist church and 6 or 8 dwellings. 

Village Springs, p-o., Blount co., Ala., 81 n. 
K. Tu.scaloosa. 

Villa NOV A, p-t., Chautauque co., N. Y., 22 n. 
E. Mayville, 323 w. by s. Albany, 346 W. The 
surface is hilly and broken ; soil, clay and loam, 
well adapted to grass. Drained by Connewaiigo 
cr. and its tributaries. It has 2 stores, capital 
$2,000; 2 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 6 saw 
rn. Cap. in manufac. $8,253. 13 sch. 585 scho- 
lars. Pop. 1,655. 

Villa Rica, p-o., Carroll co., Ga., 173 n. w. 
by w. Milledgeville. 

ViNALUAVEN, pt., Waldo CO., Me., 12 s. E. 
Camden. The t. consists of the Fox islands, at 
the moulh of Penobscot bay. There are 3 prin- 
cipal islands, besides several small islands near 
them. They contiiin good harbors, and are well 
situated for navigation, and particularly the fish- 
eries. The soil is fertile, adapted to grain and 
to grazing. It has 7 stores, cap. $16,000; 1 tan- 
nery, 2 grist m.. 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$2,800. 13 sch. 766 scholars. Pop. 1,950. 

ViNCENNEs, p-v., capital of Kno.v co., la., 118 
Indianapolis, 683 W. Situated on the E. bank 
of Wabash r., 100 ms. above its entrance into the 
Ohio, with a fine prairie of several thousand acres, 
on the N. E. and s. It is the oldest town in the 
state, having been established by the French in 
1730 as a trading post. It contains a brick court 
house, a county jail, a seminary, a female semi- 
nary, a library of over l,.50O vols., a U. S. land 
office, 3 churches of brick, 22 stores, numerous 
mechanic shops, 1 wind m., 2 cotton fac:, 2 print- 
ing offices, issuing 2 weekly newspapers, 350 



dwellings, and about 2,000 inhabitants, one fifth 
of whom are French. The v. extends over half 
a m. along the river bank, and has wide streets, 
crossing each other at right angles. The r. is 
navigable to this place for steamboats. The r., 
opposite the v., is 230 yards wide. 

Vincent, p-t., Chester co.. Pa., 30 n. w. Pliil- 
adelphia, 73 s. e. Harrisburg, 153 W. The sur- 
face is hilly ; soil, sandy loam. Drained by 
Stony, French, and Riding creeks. Schuylkill 
r. runs on its n. e. border. Pop. 2,426. (See E. 
and W. Vincent.) 

ViNCENTON, p-v., Northampton t., Burlington 
CO., N. J., 26 s. Trenton, 160 W. Situated on the 
s. branch of Rancocus cr., at the junction of Stop- 
the-Jade cr., and contains 2 churches — 1 free to 
all denominations and 1 Friends — 4 stores, 1 grist 
m., 1 saw m., and about 40 dwellings. 

Vineyard, p-t., Grand Isle co., Vt., 78 n. w. 
Montpelier, 551 W. It consists of Isle La Motte 
or Vineyard, in Lake Charaplain. It was char- 
tered by tlie former name in 1799, and received 
its present name in 1802. First settled in 1785. 
It contains 4,620 acres. The soil is generally 
fertile, and a marsh across the island affords ex- 
cellent cedar. Good building and lime stone arc 
found. It has 1 store, cap. $1,500. Pop. 435. 

Vineyard, t., Washington co.. Ark. It has 1 
store, cap. $3,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 printing office, 2 
flouring iri,, 6 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $29,160. 1 acad. 40 students, 1 sch. 33 scho- 
lars. Pop. 837. 

Vineyard Mills, p-o., Huntingdon co., Pa., 
87 w. Harrisburg, 135 W. 

ViNEY Fork, p-o., Madison co., Ky., 56 s. E. 
Frankfort, 546 W 

Vinton, p-v., Huntingdon t., Gallia co., C, 92 
s. by E. Columbus, 367 W. Situated on the w. 
side of Big Racoon cr., 20 ms. from its entrance 
into Ohio r., and contains an academy, 3 stores, 
2 grist and saw m., and about 75 inhabitants. 
Mineral coal and iron ore are abundant in the 
vicinity. 

Vinton, t., Athens co., O. Drained by Ra- 
coon cr. It has 1 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $10,700. 1 sch. 28 scholars. Pop. 227. 

Violet, t., Fairfield co., O. Pop. 2,378. 

Virgil, p-t., Cortland co., N. Y., 149 Albany, 
308 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, fertilo 
sandy and clay loam. Drained by East Owego 
cr. and Toughnioga r. The v. contains 3 churches 
— 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist — 3 
stores, 1 tannery, 40 dwellings, and about 200 
inhabitants. There are in the t. 4 stores, cap. 
$19,000 ; I fulling m., 1 forge, 2 tanneries, 2 grist 
m., 13 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $23,730 ; 35 
sch. 1,515 scholars. Pop. 4,502. 



VIRGINIA. 

Virginia, the northernmost of the southern United States, is hounded n. by Pennsylvania and 
Maryland, from which it is separated by the Potomac ; e. by the Atlantic ; s. by North Carolina 
and Tennessee ; w. by Kentucky ; and n. w. by Ohio. It lies between 36° 33' and 40° 43' n. lat., 
and between 75° 25' and 83° 40' w. long. ; and between 6° 34' w., and P 20' e. long, from W. It is 
370 miles long, and 200 broad at its greatest width, containing 64,000 sq. miles, or 40,960,000 acres. 
The population in 1790, was 747,610; in 1800, 886,149; in 1810, 974,622; in 1820, 1,065,366; in 
1830, 1,211,272; in 1840, 1,239,797, of which 448,987 were slaves. Of the free white population 
371,223 were white males; 369,745 do. females; 23,814 were colored males; 26,020 do. females. 
Employed in agriculture, 318,771 ; in commerce, 6,361 ; in manufactures and trades, 5-1,147; navi- 
gating the ocean, 582; do. canals, rivers, and lakes, 2,952; learned profession.s, &c., 3,866. 

Tlus state is divided into 119 counties, and two districts, Eastern and Western. The following 
are the counties of the Eastern District, with their population in 1840, and their capitals. Acco- 
MAC, 17,096, Accomac C. H.; Albemarle, 22,924, Charlottesville; Amelia, 10,320, Amelia 



VIR 684 VIR 

C. II. ; Amherst, 12,576, Amherst C. H. ; Bedford, 20,203, Liberty ; Brunswick, 14,346, Law- 
renceville ; Buckingham, 18,786, Buckingham C. H. ; Campbell, 21,030, Campbell C. H.; Car- 
oline, 17,813, Bowling Green; Charles City, 4,774, Charles City C. H. ; Charlotte, 14,595, 
Charlotte C. H. ; Chesterfield, 17,148, Chesterfield C. H. ; Culpepper, 11,393, Culpepper C. 
H. ; Cumberland, 10,399, Cumberland C II.; Dinwiddie, 22,558, Dinwiddle C. H. ; Elizabeth 
City, 3,706, Hampton ; Essex, 11,309, Tappahannock ; Fairfax, 9,370, Fairfax C. H. ; FAuauiER, 
21,897, Warrenton ; Fluvan.\a, 8,812, Palmyra; Franklin, 15,832, Rocky Mount ; Gloucester, 
10,715, Gloucester C. H. ; Goochland, 9,760, Goochland C. H. ; Greensville, 6,366, Hicksford; 
Greene, 4,232, Stannardsville ; Halifax, 25,936, Halifax C. H.; Hanover, 14,968, Hanover C. 
H. ; Henrico, 33,076, Richmond; Henry, 7,335, Martinsville; Isle of Wight, 9,972, Smith- 
field ; James City, 3,779, Williamsburg ; King George, 5,927, King George C. H. ; King Wil- 
liam, 9,258, King William C. H. ; King and Queen, 10,862, King and Queen C. H. ; Lancas- 
ter, 4,628, Lancaster C. H. ; Loudoun, 20,431, Leesburg; Louisa, 15,433, Louisa C. H. ; Lunen- 
burg, 11,055, Lunenburg C. H. ; Madison, 8,107, Madison ; Matthews, 7,442, Matthews C. H. ; 
Mecklenburg, 20,724, Boydton ; Middlesex, 4,392, Urbanna; Nansemond, 10,795, Suffolk; 
JSelson, 12,287, Livingston; New Kent, 6,230, New Kent C. 11. ; Norfolk, 27,569, Norfolk; 
Northampton, 7,715, Eastville ; Northumberland, 7,924, Northumberland C. H. ; Nottoway, 
9,719, Nottoway C. II. ; Orange, 9,125, Orange C. H. ; Patrick, 8,032, Patrick C. H. ; Pittsyl- 
vania, 26,398, Pittsylvania C. H. ; Powhatan, 7,924, Scottsville ; Princess Anne, 7,285, Prin- 
cess Anne C. H. ; Prince Edward, 14,069, Prince Edward C. II. ; Prince George, 7,175, City 
Point; Prince William, 8,144, Brentsville ; Rappahannock, 9,257, Washington; Richmond, 
5,965, Richmond C. H. ; Southampton, 14,525, Jerusalem ; Spotsylvania, 15,161, Spotsylvania 
C. II.; Stafford, 8,454, Falmouth; Surry, 6,480, Surry C. H. ; Sussex, 11,229, Sussex C. H.; 
Warwick, 1,456, Warwick C. H. ; Westmoreland, 8,019, Westmoreland C. IT. ; York, 4,720, 
Yorktown :— 369,398 whites, 42,294 free colored, 395,250 slaves ; total, 806,942. Western District— 
Alleghany, 2,749, Covington ; Augusta, 19,628, Staunton ; Bath, 4,300, Bath ; Berkley, 10,972, 
Martinsburg; Botetourt, 11,679, Fincastle ; Braxton, 2,575, Braxton C. H. ; Brooke, 7,948, 
Wellsburg; Cabell, 8,163, Cabell C. H.; Clarke, 6,353, Berryville ; Fayette, 3,924, Fayette- 
ville; P'loyd, 4,453, Floyd C. H. ; Frederick, 14,242, Winchester; Giles, 5,307, Giles C. H. ; 
Grayson, 9,087, Greensville; Greenbrier, 8,695, Lewi-sburg; Hampshire, 12,295 Romney; 
IIardy', 7,622, Moorefield ; Harriso.n, 17,669, Clarksburg; Jackson, 4,890, Ripley; Jefferson, 
14,082, Charlestown ; Kanawha, 13,567, Charleston ; Lee, 8,441, Jonesville ; Lewis, 8,151, Wes- 
ton ; Logan, 4,309, Logan C. H. ; Marshall, 6,937, Elizabethtown ; Mason, 6,777, Point Plea- 
sant ; Mercer, 2,233, Princeton; Monongalia, 17,368, Morgantown; Monroe, 8,422, Union; 
Montgomery, 7,405, Christiansburg; Morgan, 4,253, Berkley Springs ; Nicholas, 2,515, Sum- 
mersville; Ohio, 13,357, Wheeling; Page, 6,194, Surry; Pendleton, 6,940, Franklin; Poca- 
hontas, 2,922, Huntersville ; Preston, 6,866, Kingwood ; Pulaski, 3,739, Newbern; Randolph, 
6,208, Beverly; Roanoke, 5,499, Salem ; Rockbridge, 14,284, liexington : Rockingham, 17,344, 
Harrisonburg; Russell, 7,878, Lebanon ; Scott, 7,303, Estiuville ; Shenandoah, 11,618, Wood- 
stock; Smythe, 6,522, Marion ; Tazewell, 6,290, Jeffersonville ; Tyler, 6,954, Middlebourne; 
Warren, 5,627, Front Royal; Washington, 13,001, Abingdon; Wood, 7,923, Parkersburg ; 
Wythe, 9,375, Wytheville. Western District, whites 371,570, free colored 7,548, slaves 53,737; 
total, 432,855. 

Richmond is the capital of the state, situated on the n. side of James river, at the head of tide- 
water, and just below its lower falls. 

This state has a great variety of surface and soil. From the Atlantic to the lower falls on the 
rivers, which includes a tract of from 110 to 130 miles in width, the country is low and flat, in 
some places marshy, but extensively sandy, covered with the pitch pine. On the margin of the 
rivers, the soil is often rich. This is denominated the low country, and is unhealthy from August 
to October. Between the head of tidewater and the Blue Ridge, the country becomes uneven 
and hilly, and more so as it approaches the mountains. The soil in this region is some of it sandy 
and poor ; some of it is fertile, particularly on the margins of the rivers. Toward the mountains the 
country is stony and broken, though the soil is often rich. Tlie first ridge of mountains in this 
state is generally about 150 miles from the ocean. Beyond tliis the country is mountainous, trav- 
ersed by successive ridges of the Alleghany, which occupies a greater breadth of country in Vir- 
ginia than in any other state. Between the various ridges, however, there are long valleys or table 
land, parallel with them, often of considerable breadth, and containing some of the best and most 
pleasant land in Virginia. The farms are here smaller than in other parts of the state, better culti- 
vated, and there are fewer slaves. The climate in this region is very healthy. 

The soil in the tidewater country is generally poor, producing Indian com, oats, and peas. 
Wlieat is raised in some parts of it, and a little rice in the swamps in its southern part. Between 
tidewater and the mountains is the tobacco country ; but in the northern upland counties wheat 
has extensively superseded tobacco ; and south of James river, sulRcient cotton is raised for home 



VIR 685 VIR 

consumption. The soutlicastern counties produce apples and peaclies in great abundance. Among 
the mountains, the farmers raise large niunbers of cattle and hogs. Indian corn is cultivated 
throughout the state. l"he country west of the mountains toward the Oliio, is rough and wild — 
sometimes, but not genprally fertile ; but very rich as a mineral region. 

There were in this state in 1840, 326,438 hor.ses and mules; ],024,148 neat cattle ; 1,293,772 
sheep; 1,992,155 swine ; poultry to the value of $754,098. There were produced 10,109,716 bush- 
els of wheat; 87,430 of barley ; 13,451,062 of oats ; 1,482,799 of rye; 243,822 of buckwheat ; 
34,577,591 of Indian corn ; 2,538,374 pounds of wool-; 10,597 of hops ; 65,020 of wax ; 2,944,660 
bushels of potatoes ; 364,708 tons of hay ; 25,594 of hemp and flax ; 75,347,106 ponnd.s of tobacco ; 
2,956 of rice ; 3,494,483 of cotton ; 3,191 of silk cocoons ; 1,541,833 of sugar. The products of the 
dairy were valued at $1,480,488 ; of the orchard $705,765 ; value of lumber produced $538,092 ; 
13,911 gallons of wine were made. 

The mineral wealth of Virginia is very great. Gold, copper, lead, iron, coal, salt, limestone, 
and marble are found, together with a number of valuable mineral springs. An attention to the 
business of mining has recently been excited, and in 1840, 2,000 persons were employed in it. 
The belt of country in wluch gold is found, extends through Spotsylvania county and the adjacent 
country, and in a s. w. direction, passes into North and South Carolina, Georgia, and Alabama. 
The gold in this state is not sufficiently concentrated to render it profitable, excepting in a few 
places, to engage in mining it. The coal fields in Virginia are very extensive, and afford both the 
bituminous and the anthracite. Large quantities have been obtained and exported from the 
vicinity of Richmond. Salt springs have been found in various places, and salt has been exten- 
sively manufactured on the Great Kanawha river, near Charleston. The warm springs, at Bath, 
the hot springs, a few miles distant, the sulphur springs, in Greenbrier and Montgomery counties, 
and the sweet springs, of Botetourt county, are much resorted to by those in pursuit of health and 
of pleasure. 

The natural bridge, in Rockbridge county, and Weyer's cave, in Augusta county, are great 
curiosities. 

The staple productions of the state are wheat and tobacco 

The Potomac river separates this state from Maryland. James river is the largest which belongs 
to this state. It is 500 miles in length, and flows from the mountains in the interior, behind the 
Blue Ridge, througli which it passes. It is navigable for sloops 120 miles, and for boats much fur- 
ther, and enters into Chesapeake bay. The Appomattox is 130 miles long, and enters James river 
100 miles above Hampton roads, and is navigable 12 miles, to Petersburg. The Rappahannock 
rises in tiie Blue Ridge, is 130 miles long, is navigable 110 miles for sloops, and enters into the 
Chesapeake. York river enters the Chesapeake 30 miles below the Rappahannock, and is naviga- 
ble 40 miles for ships. The Shenandoah enters the Potomac just before its passage through the 
Blue Ridge. Of the rivers vv.of the mountains, the Great Kanawha rises in North Carolina, passes 
through this state and enters the Ohio. The Little Kanawha also enters into the Ohio. The Mo- 
noiigahcla rises in this state, though it runs chiefly in Pennsylvania. 

The lower part of Chesapeake bay lies wholly in this state, is 15 miles wide at its mouth, and 
enters the Atlantic between Cape Charles and Cape Henry. Norfolk, 8 miles from Hampton 
roads, has a fine harbor, much the best in the state, spacious, safe, and well defended ; and it is 
the most commercial place in Virginia : but Richmond and Petersburg are more populous, and 
have an extensive trade. Besides these, \\lieeling, Lynchburg, Fredericksburg, and Winchester, 
are principal places. 

The exports of this state in 1840, amounted to $4,778,220 ; and the imports to $545,685. There 
w-erc 31 commercial and 64 commission houses engaged in foreign trade, with a capital of $4,299,500 ; 
2,736 retail drygoods and other stores, with a capital of $16,684,413; 1,454 persons employed in 
the lumber trade, with a capital of $113,210 ; 931 persons engaged in internal transportation, who, 
with 103 butchers, packers, &c., employed a capital of $100,680 ; 556 persons employed in the fish- 
eries, with a capital of $23,333. 

The manufactures of Virginia are not so extensive as those of some states inferior to it in terri- 
tory and population. There were in 1840, domestic or family manufactures to the amount of 
$2,441,672 ; 41 woollen manufactories and 47 fulling mills, employing 222 person.", producing arti- 
cles to the amount of $147,792, with a capital of $112,350 ; 22 cotton manufactories, with 42,262 
.spindles, employing 1,816 persons, producing articles to the amount of $446,063, with a capital of 
$1,299,020; 42 furnaces producing 18,810 tons of cast-iron, and 52 forges, &c., producing 5,886 tons 
of bar-iron, the whole employing 1,742 persons, and a capital of $1,246,650; 11 smelting houses 
employed 131 persons, and produced gold to the amount of $51,758, employing a capital of $103,650 ; 
5 smelting houses employed 73 persons, and produced 878,648 pounds of lead, employing a capital 
of $21,500 ; 12 paper manufactories, producing articles to the amount of $216,245, and other paper 
manufactories producing $1,260, the whole employing 181 persons, and a capital of $287,750; 
3,342 persons manufactured tobacco to the amount of $2,406,671, employing a capital of $1,526,080 ; 



VIR 696 VIR 

hats and caps were manufactured to the amount of $155,778, and straw bonnets to the amount of 
$14,700, the whole employing 340 persons, and a capital of $85,640 ; 660 tanneries employed 1,422 
persons, and a capital of $838,141 ; 983 other leather manufactories, as saddleries, &c., produced 
articles to the amount of $826,597, and employed a capital of $341,957 ; 4 glass-houses, and 2 glass- 
cutting establishments employed 164 persons, producing articles to the value of $146,500, with a 
capital of $132,000 ; 33 potteries employed 64 persons, producing articles to the amount of $31,330, 
with a capital of $10,225 ; 36 persons produced drugs, paints, &c., to the amount of $66,633, with 
a capital of $61,727; 445 persons produced machinery to the amount of $429,858; 150 persons 
produced hardware and cutlery to the amount of $50,504 ; 262 persons manufactured 9,330 small- 
arms ; 40 persons manufactured granite and marble to the amount of $16,652; 1,004 persons pro- 
duced bricks and lime to the amount of $393,253 ; carriages and wagons were manufactured to the 
amount of $647,815, employing 1,592 persons, and a capital of $311,625 ; 1,454 distilleries produced 
865,725 gallons, and 5 breweries produced 32,960 gallons, employing 1,631 persons, and a capital 
of $187,212; 764 flouring mills produced 1,041,526 barrels of flour, and with other mills employed 
3,961 persons, producing articles to the amount of $7,855,499, with a capital of $5,184,669 ; ships 
were built to the amount of $136,807 ; 675 persons manufactured furniture to the amount of 
$289,391 ; 402 brick or stone, and 2,604 wooden houses were built, employing 4,694 persons, and 
cost $1,367,393; 50 printing offices, and 13 binderies, 4 daily, 12 semi-weekly, and 35 weekly 
newspapers, and 5 periodicals, employed 310 persons, and a capital of $168,850. The whole 
amount of capital employed in manufactures in the state was $11,360,861. 

William and Mary College, at Williamsburg, is the oldest in the state, and one of the oldest in the 
country, and was founded in 1G91. Hampden Sidney College, in Prince Edward county, was founded 
in 1783, and is flourishing. Washington College, at Lexington, was founded in 1812. Randolph 
Macon College, was founded at Boydton in 1832. There are theological schools at Richmond, 
in Prince Edward county, and in Fairfax county. But the most important literary institution in 
the state, is the University of Virginia, at Charlottesville, founded in 1819. Its plan is extensive, 
its endowment has been munificent, and it is a prosperous institution. In all these, with a few 
smaller mstitutions, there were in 1840, 1,097 students; there were in the state, also, 3S2 acade- 
mies, with 11,083 students ; 1,561 common and primary schools, with 35,331 scholars; and 58,787 
white persons over 20 years of age who could neither read nor write. 

The Baptists, the most numerous religious ilenomination, have about 437 churches ; the Presby- 
terians 120; the Episcopalians, 65 ministers; the Methodists 170. There are also a few Luther- 
ans, Catholics, Unitarians, Friends, and Jews. 

In January, 1840, there were in this state 8 banks and branches, with a capital of $3,637,400, 
and a circulation of $2,513,412. At the close of the same year the public debt amounted to 
$6,857,161. 

There is a state penitentiary located at Richmond. 

The first constitution of Virginia was formed in 1776. This was altered and amended by a con- 
vention assembled for that purpose, in 1830. The executive power is vested in a governor, elected 
by the joint vote of the two houses of the general assembly. He is chosen for three years, but is 
ineligible for the next three. There is a council of state, elected in like manner for three year.s, 
the seat of one being vacated every year. The senior councillor is lieutenant-governor. The 
senators can never be more than 36, and the delegates than 150 ; and both are apportioned anew 
among the counties every 10 years, commencing with 1841. The senators are elected for 4 years, 
and the seats of one fourth of them are vacated every year. The delegates are chosen annually. 
All appointments to any office of trust, honor, or profit, by the legislature, are given openly, or 
viva voce, and not by ballot. The judges of the supreme court of appeals, and of the superior 
courts, are elected by the joint vote of both houses of the general assembly, and liold their offices 
during good behavior, or until removed by a joint vote of two thirds of the legislature. 

The right of sufl^rage is extended to every resident white male citizen of 21 years of age, enti- 
tled to vote by the former constitution ; or who owns a freehold valued at $25 ; or a joint interest 
in a freehold to that amount ; or who has a life estate, or a reversionary title to land valued at $50, 
having been so possessed for 6 months ; or who shall own, or be in occupation of, a leasehold 
estate, having been recorded 2 months, for a term not less than 5 years, to the annual value or rent 
of $200 ; or who for 12 months shall have been a housekeeper and head of a family, and paid the 
taxes assessed by the commonwealth. 

Virginia has undertaken several important works of internal improvement, by chartering private 
companies, several of which have been liberally aided by the state. The Dismal Swamp canal 
connects Chesapeake bay with Albemarle sound, extending from Deep creek to Joyce's creek, 23 
miles, at a cost of $879,864. It has branches of 11 miles. I'he Alexandria canal extends 7i ms., 
from Georgetown to Alexandria. The James River and Kanawha canal extends 175 miles, from 
Richmond to Buchanan. The Richmond, Fredericksburg, and Potomac railroad extends 75 miles, 
to Aquia creek. Louisa branch, 25 miles from Richmond, proceeds 49 miles, to Gordonsville; 



WAB 



687 



WAB 



Richmond and Petersburg railroad, from Richmond, extends 23 miles, to Petersburg. Petersburg 
and Roanoke railroad extends from Petersburg, 59 miles, to Weidon. Greensville railroad extends 
from near Hicks, for 18 miles, to Gaston, N. C. City Point railroad extends from Petersburg, 12 
miles, to City Point. Chesterfield railroad extends from Coal Mines, 13i miles, to Richmond. 
Portsmouth and Roanoke railroad extends from Portsmouth, 3 miles, to Weidon, N. C. Winchester 
and Potomac railroad extends from Harper's Ferry, 32 miles, to Winchester. 

Virginia is sometimes denominated the Ancient Dominion, having been settled in April, 1607, at 
Jamestown, on James river, which was the first white settlement in the United States. It was 
named Virginia, in honor of Queen Elizabeth, by Sir Walter Raleigh, to whom she granted the 
country. He attempted a settlement of it, which failed. The grant was vacated by the execution 
and attainder of that nobleman, under James I. The country was then granted to two companies, 
the London company and the Plymouth company, and called South and North Virginia. By the 
former the country was settled, and Jamestown was named in honor of their royal patron. This 
country suffered many disasters arising from the turbulence of its citizens, the wars with the In- 
dians, and the tyranny of the royal governors. Virginia was a very loyal province, and was at- 
tached to the royal party in the revolution of 1688 ; and was among the first to proclaim Charles 
XL, at the restoration. The Church of England was established by law, in 1662. Virginia had 
the high honor, in 1732, of being the birth-place of George Washington, and it was as an officer 
of her colonial militia that he commenced his career of military glory. Tliis state was among the 
first to resist ihe aggressions of the mother country, and her sages and her yeomen bore a distin- 
guished part in the struggles of the revolution. Her Patrick Henry, as a revolutionary orator, her 
Washington, as the greatest and the best in the field and in the cabinet, and her Jefferson, Mad- 
ison, and Monroe, as presidents of the United States, and her Marshall, as chief-justice, have con- 
ferred distinguished honor on their country. In convention, June 23tli, 1788, the constitution of the 
United States was adopted — yeas 89, nays 79 ; majority, 10. It will be found that the constitution 
was adopted with most difficulty where the spirit of freedom was the most jealous. 



Virginia, p-v., capital of Cass co., 111., 36 w. 
Springfield, 800 W. It contains a court house, 
jail, 2 sell. 73 scholars, and 254 inhabitants. 

Virginia, t., Coshocton co., O. It has 2 grist 
m., 4 saw m. Pop. 1,105. 

Virginia Mills, p-o., Buckingham co., Va., 69 
Richmond, M3 W^ 

Virginia Mine.s, p-o., Franklin co., Mo. 

ViRGiNsviLLE, p-v., Berks co., Pa., 63 E. Har- 
risburg, 160 W. 

ViscHERS Ferry, p-o., Clifton Park t., Sara- 
toga CO., N. Y., 17 Albany, 337 W. 

Vista, p-o., Lewisborough t., Westchester co., 
N. Y., 119 s. Albany, 276 W. 

VoLiNiA, p-t., Cass CO., Mich. The soil is 
very fertile, well adapted to grain, having pro- 
duced in a year over 40 bushels of wheat and 
Indian corn to each man, woman, and child in 
the t. It has 1 store, cap. $2,000 ; 2 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $2,000. 3 sch. 83 scholars. Pop. 
411. 

VoLNEY, p-t., Oswego CO., N. Y., 152 Albany, 



375 W. The surface is undulating ; soil, sandy 
loam, well adapted to grass. Drained by Big 
Black cr., flowing into Oswego r., which bounds 
it on the w. It has 7 stores, cap. $11,200 ; 1 tan- 
nery, 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$23,000 ; 1 acad. 147 students, 18 sch. 939 scho- 
lars. Pop. 3,155. 

VoLUNTowN, p-t., Windham co., Ct., 56 Hart- 
ford, 374 W. The surface is uneven, with some 
plains ; soil, a light sandy and gravelly loam. 
Drained by Pachaug r. and a brancli of Wood r 
It contains 1 Congregational and 1 Baptist churcJi. 
It has 2 stores, cap. $5,500; 2 cotton fac. 2,760 
sp., 9 sch. 378 scholars. Pop. 1,185. 

Volusia, p-o., Westfield t., Chautauque co., 
N. Y., 348 w. by s. Albany, 351 W. 

Volusia, v., Leigh Read co., Flor. Situated 
on the N. E. side of St. John's r., 6 ms. above 
Lake George. It is a military post, and has long 
been occupied as a plantation. The soil is fertile 
shell loam, rising into considerable eminences. 
A road is open from this place to Tampa Bay. 



w. 



Wabash, r., la., rises in Darke co., O., and 
flowing into la., pursues a n. w. course to Hun- 
tington CO., where it approaches the junction of 
St. Joseph's r. with the St. Mary's to form Mau- 
mee r., receiving Little r. from the n. e. at this 
point. It then crosses the state in a w. and s. 
w. direction, receiving on the s. side Salamanic 
and Missisinewa rivers, and on the n. side Eel 
and Tippecanoe rivers ; and a little below Terre 
Haute it becomes the boundary between la. and 
III. to its entrance into the Ohio, 127 miles above 
the Mississippi, and 68 miles above the mouth of 
Cumberland r. It is the largest tributary of the 
Ohio on the .n. side, and probably the second in 
its whole course. It is navigable for steamboats 
to La Fayette, and, by means of the Wabasii and 
Erie canal, connects Lake Erie with the Oliio r. 

Wabash, county, la. Situated centrally in 
the N. part of the state, and contains 415 sq. ms. 



Watered by Wabash, Eel, and Salamanic rivers. 
The surface and the soil arc various. Organized 
in 1832. Capital, Wabash. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 2,775, sheep 1,065, swine 9,468 ; wheat 
8,705 bushels produced, Indian corn 75,644, oats 
9,.556, potatoes 14,397, sugar 20,190; 11 stores, 
capital $26,190; 4 tanneries, 6 grist m., 9 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $2,300. 2 schools 45 scholars. 
Pop. 2,756. 

Wabash, county. III. Situated toward the s. 
e. part of the state, and contains 180 square ms. 
Wabash r. runs on its e. and s. border, and Bon 
Pas cr. on its w. border. Drained by Crawfish, 
Jordan, and Coff'ee creeks. The soil is generally 
fertile. Organized from Edwards co., in 1824. 
Capital, Mount Carmel. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 5,570, slieep 3,602, swine 10,392; 
wheat 19,156 bush, produced, bid. corn 166,659, 
barley 1,391, oats 51,002, potatoes 12,533, tobacco 



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688 



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9,978 pounds/sugar 2,295 ; 11 stores, cap. $50,900 ; 
6 tanneries, 4 distilleries, 1 flouring m., 5 grist m., 
8 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly 
newspapers. Cap. in manut'ac. $55,200. 2 acad. 
32 students, 2 sch. 60 scholars. Pop. 4,210. 

Wabash, p-v., capital of Wabash co., la., 93 n. 
by E. Indianapolis, 582 W. Situated on the n. 
side of Wabash r. It contains a court house, jail, 
and about 125 inhabitants. 
Wabash, t., Adams co., la. Pop. 206. 
Wabash, t.. Fountain co., la. It has 170 schol- 
ars in schools. Pop. 1,135. 
Wabash, t., Gibson co., la. Pop. 331. 
Wabash, t., Tippecanoe co., la. It has 3 sch. 
85 scholars. Pop. 1,009. 

Wabash, p-o., Wayne co., 111., 155 s. E. Spring- 
field, 741 W. 

Wabassee, county, Mich. Situated toward the 
N. w. part of the peninsula, and contains 576 sq. 
ms. Drained by Manistee and Grand Traverse 
rivers. (It is unorganized.) 

Wableau, t., Henry co., Mo. It has 2 sch. 53 
scholars. Pop. 836. 

Waccamavv, p-o., Brunswick co., N. C, 151 s. 
Raleigh, 436 W. 

Wachusett, mt., Princeton t., Worcester co., 
Mass., is an isolated peak in the n. part of the t., 
rising 3,000 feet above the level of the sea, and 
is the highest land in the state e. of Connecticut 
r. The view from its summit is extensive, beau 
tiful, and grand, and it is frequently visited. 

Wacoochee, p-v., Russell co., Ala., 187 e. s. 
E. Tuscaloosa, 774 W. Situated n. of Wacoo- 
chee r. 

Waconda Creek, t., Carroll co.. Mo. It has 
1 sch. 26 scholars. Pop. 1,041. 

Wacousta, p-v., Clinton co., Mich., 101 N. w. 
Detroit, 604 W. 

Waddam's Grove, p-t., Stephenson co., El., 
212 N. Springfield, 844 W. It has 2 sch. 31 schol- 
ars. Pop. 347. 

Waddington, p-v., Madrid t., St. Lawrence 
CO., N. Y., 228 N. N. w. Albany, 495 W. Situa- 
ted on the s. e. side of St. Lawrence r., opposite 
to Ogden's island, with which it is connected by 
a bridge. Incorporated in 1839, and contains an 
Episcopal church, 12 stores, 1 flouring m., 1 grist 
m., 2 saw m., 1 paper m., 1 woollen fac, 1 fur- 
nace, 1 tannery, 90 dwellings, and about 600 in- 
habitants. 

Wade's, p-o., Bedford co., Va., 137 w. Rich- 
mond, 212 W. 

Wadesborough, p-v., capital of Anson co., N. 
C, 143 s. e. Raleigh, 412 W. Situated on the n. 
side of Neuse r., and contains a court house, jail, 
several stores, and about 600 inhabitants. 

Wadesborough, p-v., capital of Callaway co., 
Ky., 255 s. w. Frankfort, 782 W. It contains a 
court house, jail, and 165 inhabitants. 

Wadeville, p-v., Owen co., la., 47 s. w. In- 
dianapolis, 617 W. 

Wadham's Mills, p-o., Westport t., Essex co., 
N. Y., 131 N. Albany, 502 W. 

Wading River, p-v., Riverhead t., SuflTolk co., 
N. Y., 215 s. s. E. Albany, 295 W. Situated on 
a small inlet of the same name, about 1 mile from 
Long Island sound. It contains a church, a grist 
m., and about 30 dwellings. 

Wadley's Falls, p-v., Strafford co., N. H., 36 
E. Concord, 483 W. 

Wadsworth, p-t., Medina co., O., 127 n. n. 
E. Columbus, 312 W. It has 3 stores, capital 
$11,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 3 saw 
m. Cap. in mauufac. $11,085. 1 acad. 73 stu- 
dents, 8 sch. 252 scholars. Pop. 1,481. 

Wagontovvn, p-v., Chester co.. Pa., 62 e. s. e. 
Harrisburg, 132 W. 



Wahorlock, p-o., Kemper co., Miss., 130 e. 
N. E. .lackson, 891 W. 

Waite, p-o., Washington co., Me., 229 e. Au- 
gusta, 815 W. 

Waitsfield, p-t., Washington co., Vt., 19 s. 
w. Montpelier, 506 W. The surface is uneven ; 
soil, fertile, particularly along the streams, where 
are fine intervales. Watered by Mad r., and its 
tributaries, which afford water power. It con- 
tains 3 churches — 1 Congregational, 1 Baptist, 
and 1 Union. It has 2 stores, cap. $8,600 ; 2 full- 
ing m., 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 5 saw ra. Cap. in 
manufac. $8,475. 9 sch. 396 scholars. Pop. 1,048. 
Wakatomika, p-o., Washington t., Coshocton 
CO., O., 75 N. e. Columbus, 351 W. 

Wake, county, N. C. Situated in the centre 
of the state, and contains 1,140 sq. ms. Drained 
by Neuse r. and its branches. Capital, Raleigh. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 15,248, sheep 
11,574, swine 38,883; wheat 38,379 bushels pro- 
duced, rye 79,011, Ind. corn 535,274, oats 79,011, 
potatoes 5.5,965, rice 550 pounds, tobacco 54,247, 
cotton 2,391,996 ; 53 stores, capital .$223,320; 67 
distilleries, 2 flouring m., 33 grist m., 16 saw m., 
1 paper fac, 4 printing offices, 5 weekly and 1 
semi-weekly newspapers. Capital in manufac. 
$1,514. 1 college 77 students, 13 acad. 283 stu- 
dents, 10 sch. 109 scholars. Pop. whites 12,113, 
slaves 7,996, free col'd 1,009; total, 21,118. 

Wakefield, p-t., Carroll co., N. H., 46 n. e. 
Concord, 527 W. Province pond is in its n. ex- 
tremity, and discharges its waters into Saco r. 
Loveli's pond, in the s. part of the t., is celebra- 
ted for a memorable battle with the Indians, in 
1725, in which Capt. Lovell and his party were 
destroyed. The pond has received the name of 
the unfortunate commander. Incorporated in 
1774. Salmon Falls r. rises in several ponds in 
the t. It has 5 stores, cap. $5,500 ; 2 fulling m., 
1 cotton fac. 500 sp., 1 tannery, 4 grist m., 5 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $8,600. 9 sch. 361 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,396. 

Wakefield, p-v., Kingston t., Washington co., 
R. I., 37 s. Providence, 393 W. It contains a 
church and about 30 inhabitants. 

Wakefield, p-v., Carroll co., iMd., 63 n. n. w. 
Annapolis, 69 W. 

Wakefield, p-v., Wake co., N. C, 20 N. Ra- 
leigh, 278 W. 

Wake Forest, p-o.. Wake co., N. C, 15 n. 
Raleigh, 273 W. 

Wakema.v, p-t., Huron co., O., 12 e. Norwalk, 
107 N. N. E. Columbus, 385 W. It was formerly 
called Jessup, and has 6 stores, cap. $45,000 ; 5 
commission houses, cap. $23,000 ; 2 fulling m., 1 
woollen fac, 2 flouring m., 2 grist m., 3 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $42,350. 5 sch. 155 scholars. 
Pop. 702. 

Waldkn, p-t., Caledonia co., Vt., 29 n. e. Mont- 
pelier, 544 W. The head branches of Onion and 
Lamoille rivers rise here. Joe's pond, in the s. 
part, discharges its waters into Pasump.sic river. 
The surface is elevated and uneven ; soil, fertile, 
particularly in the n. w. part. It contains a 
church, common to several denominations. Char- 
tered in 1780; first settled in 1789. It lias 2 
stores, cap. $5,300 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 
1 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,050. 
10 sch. 266 scholars. Pop. 913. 

Waluen, p-v., Montgomery t., Orange co., N. 
v., 90 s. by w. Albany,"293 W. Situated on the 
E. bank of Wallkill r., and contains 1 church, 3 
stores, 1 woollen fac, 1 satinet fac, 1 grist m., 1 
saw m., 70 dwellings, and about 400 hihabitants. 
Waldensville, p-o., Schoharie co., N. Y., 27 
w. Albany, 391 W. 
Waldo, county. Me, Centrally situated in 



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the s. part of the state, and contains 812 sq. ms. 
Bounded e. by Penobscot r. and bay. The sur- 
face is undulating ; soil, fertile. Watered by St. 
George and Marsh river.s, and branches of Sebas- 
ticook r. Penobscot bay and river afford great 
facilities for navigation. Capital, Belfast. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 27,826, sheep 55,318, 
swine 10,451; wheat 78,304 bush, produced, rye 
G,71'.t, Ind. com 52,784, barley 30,103, oats 84,088, 
potatoes 1,066,424, sugar 4,675 pounds ; l'J6 stores, 
cap. $368,895; 18 lumber yards, cap. $54,400; 
cap. invested in fisheries, $72,373 ; 13 fulling m., 
26 tanneries, 41 grist m., 117 saw m., 2 printing 
offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. 
$398,437. 4 acad. 1,946 students, 267 sch. 14,740 
scholars. Pop. 41,509. 

Waldo, p-t., Waldo co.. Me., 7 w. n. w. Bel- 
fast, 47 E. N. E. Augusta, 611 W. Drained by 
streams flowing into Belfast bay, and which af- 
ford water power. The soil is fertile, adapted to 
grain. It has 8 saw m., 4 .sch. 329 scholars. Pop. 
721. 

Waldo, p-v., Moore co., N. C, 62 s. w. Nash- 
ville, 350 W. 

Waldoborough, p-t., and port of entry, Lin- 
coln CO., Me., 30 s. E. Augusta, 606 W. W.atered 
by Muscongus r., whicli enters Muscongus bay. 
The bay bounds it on the s. w. The surface is 
gently uneven ; soil, fertile. Incorporated in 
1773. It has considerable navigation and ship- 
building, and contains 22 stores, cap. $29,900 ; 3 
fulling m., 3 tanneries, 1 printing office, 1 weekly 
newspaper, 4 grist m., 10 saw ni. Cap. in manu- 
fac. §113,421. 1 acad. 45 students, 22 sch. 1,168 
scholars. Pop. 3,661. 

Waldren's Creek, p-c, Sevier co., Tenn., 
221 K. Nashville, 502 W. 

Waleaseorougii, p-o., Emanuel co., Ga., 84 
s. e. Milledgeville, 646 W. 

Wale.s, p-t., Lincoln co.. Me., 23 s. w. Augus- 
ta, 582 W. The surface is level; soil, i'ertile, 
adapted to grain. Drained by a branch of An- 
droscoggin r. It has 1 store, cap. $1,000 ; 1 saw 
m., 7 sch. 258 scholars. Pop. 653. 

Wales, p-t., Hampden co., Mass., 74 ^v. s. w. 
Boston, 374 W. Formerly called South Brim- 
field. A branch of Quinnebaug r. issues from a 
considerable pond near its centre, and affords 
water power. The surface is uneven ; soil, 
adapted to grazing. The v. at the n. extremity 
of the above pond, at its outlet, contains 1 Baptist 
and one Methodist church, a woollen fac, and 
about 30 dwellings. There are in the t. 1 store, 
cap. $2,000. Cap. in manufac. $3,500. 5 sch. 
195 scholars. Pop. 6S6. 

Wales, p-t., Erie co., N. Y., 18 s. e. Buflflilo, 
272 w. Albany, 369 W. The surface is undula- 
ting; soil, gravelly and sandy loam, with some 
clay. Drained by Seneca cr. It has 3 stores, 
cap. $12,000; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tan- 
nery, 1 pottery, 3 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $17,750. 16 sch. 678 scholars. Pop. 
1,987. 

Walesville, v., Whitestown t., Oneida C04 
N. Y. It contains 1 church, 1 store, 1 woollen 
fac, 2 paper m., 1 clothier's works, 1 grist m., 
and a few dwellings. 

Waliio.xdin'g, r., O., one of the main branches 
of Muskingum r., formed by the junction of Mo- 
hiccan and Vernon rivers. It receives Kilbuck 
cr. from the n., and joins Tuscarawas r., opposite 
to Coshocton. It was formerly called White 
Woman r. 

Walhonding, p-o., Coshocton co., O., 76 n. e. 
Columbus, 355 W. 

Walker, county, Ga. Situated in the .n. w. 
part of the state, and contains 700 square miles. 
87 



Drained by Chattooga r., flowing s. w. into Coosa 
r., and Chickamauga r., flowing n. into Tennes- 
see r. The surface is uneven, and the soil, in 
the valleys, fertile. Crawfish spring, 12 ms. n. 
of the C. II., affords water sufficient, where it 
issues from the hill, to float a small vessel, and 
50 yards from this w'ould float a large steamboat. 
It contains a large cavern. Capital, La Fayette. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 6,396, sheep 
2,087, swine 15,012; wheat 17,363 bush, pro- 
duced, rye 1,014, Ind. corn 236,494, oats 16,650, 
potatoes 6,985, tobacco 11,468 pounds, cotton 
76,307 ; 7 stores, cap. $47,000 ; 2 tanneries, 8 dis- 
tilleries, 8 grist m., 14 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$13,620. 1 college, 15 students, 9 sch. 172 schol- 
ars. Pop. whites 5,583, slaves 946, free col'd 
43; total, 6,572. 

Walker, county, Ala. Situated centrally to- 
ward the N. w. part of the state, and contains 
1,500 sq. miles. Drained by Sipsey r. and its 
numerous branches, a branch of Black Warrior 
r. Capital, Jasper. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 5,943, sheep 1,493, swine 12,360 ; wheat 
5,5S7 bush, produced, Ind. corn 128,030, oats 
7,534, potatoes 4,767, rice 1,210 pounds, tobacco 
4,588, cotton 110,917; 1 store, cap. $3,000 ; 1 tan- 
nery, 1 distillery, 6 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $2,100. 1 1 1 scholars in schools. Pop. 
whites 3,820, slaves 211, free col'd 1 ; total, 
4,032. 

Walker, p-t.. Centre co., Pa., 94 n. w. Har- 
risburg, 186 W. The surface is diversified ; soil, 
in the valleys, calcareous loam. Drained by 
Little Fishing cr. It has 4 stores, cap. $10,500 ; 
1 furnace, 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $6,900. 4 sch. 160 scholars. Pop. 
1,180. 

Walicer's, p-o., Livingston co., Ky., 257 w. 
s. w. Frankfort, 789 W. 

Walker's CiiunctF, p-o.. Prince Edward co., 
Va., 80 s. w. by vv. Richmond, 176 W. 

Walker's Grove, p-o.. Mason co., 111., 7 s. 
Macomb. 

Walker's Mflls, po., Alleghany co.. Pa., 
208 w. Harrisbnrg, 253 W. 

Walker.sville, pv., Frederick co., Md., 81 
N. w. Annapolis, 49 W. 

Walkersville, p-v., 3Iecklenburg co., N. C, 
194 s. w. by w. Raleigh, 431 W. 

Walkertown, p-v., King and Queen co., Va., 
40 N. E. Richmond, 128 W. Situated on the n. 
E. side of Mattapony r. 

Walkerville, p-o., Lycoming co.. Pa., 103 
N. IlarrLsburg, 213 W. 

Wallabout, l)ay, Brooklyn, N. Y. Situated 
in the n. e. part of the city of Brooklyn. The 
United States Navy Yard is on the s. side of it. 
(See Brooklyn.) Here the British prison-ship, the 
.lersey, was moored, in the revolutionary war, 
on board of which 11,500 American prisoners 
died, and were buried on the adjoining beach. 

Wallace, p-v., .Jones Co., Ga., 13 s. w. Mil- 
ledgeville, 661 W. Situated on the road from 
Milledgeville to 3Iacon. 

Wallace, p-v., Fountain co., la., 70 n. w. In- 
dianapolis, 633 W. 

Walled Lake, p-o., Novi t., Oakland co., 
3Iich., 33 .\. w. Detroit, 554 W. The lake lies 
on the .\. border of the t., and its outlet forms the 
w. branch of Rouge r. 

Walli.n'gi'Ord, p-t., Rutland co., Vt., 71 s. s. 
w. 3Iontpelier, 452 VV. The surface is uneven, 
and on the e. part mountainous ; soil, fertile, par- 
ticularly on the streams. I!)rained by Otter 
t'reek r., and its branch. Mill r. It has several 
ponds, one of which, in its s. e. part, covers 350 
acres. There are 4 churches in the t. The v. is 



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690 



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on Otter Creek in the n. part, and contains sever- 
al stores, mechanic shops, and dwellings. There 
are in the t. 6 stores, cap. $22,150; 2 tanneries, 
2 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,220. 
12 sch. 583 scholars. Pop. 1,608. 

Wallingford, p-t.. New Haven co., Ct., 24 
s. by w. Hartford, 313 W. The surface is un- 
even ; soil, generally fertile. Drained by Quin- 
nipiac r., which affords water power. The v. at 
the centre contains 3 churches — 1 Congregation- 
al, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Baptist. There are two 
other small manufacturing villages, where bri- 
tannia, tin ware, and wood screws are extensive- 
ly manufactured. The railroad from New Haven 
to Hartford passes through the t. There are in 
the t. 2 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 4 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $43,050. 10 sch. 289 
scholars. Pop. 2,204. 

Walling's Creek, p-c, Lee co., Va., 370 w. 
by s. Richmond, 43S W. 

Walker, t., Huntingdon to.. Pa. The surface 
is hilly ; soil, in the valleys, calcareous loam. 
Bounded s. and e. by Raystown branch of Ju- 
niata r. It has 2 stores, cap. $13,000 ; 2 tanner- 
ies, 1 distillery, 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $5,003. 6 sch. 225 scholars. Pop. 
1,055. 

Walker, t.. Cole co., Mo. It has 3 sch. 67 
scholars. Pop. 1,354. 

Wallkill, r., rises in Sussex co., N. J., and 
flowing N. N. E. into New York, and passing 
through Orange and Ulster counties, after receiv- 
ing Sliawangunk cr. on the w. side, it unites with 
Rondout kill, on the w. border of Esopus. It af- 
fords extensive water power. 

Wallkill, t., Orange co., N. Y., 22 w. New- 
burgh. The surface is undulating and hilly ; 
soil, gravelly and clay loam. Drained by Shaw- 
angunk cr. and Wallkill r. It contains Middle- 
town and Mechanicsville villages. It has 17 
stores, cap. $41,050 ; 3 lumber yards, 4 fulling 
m., 3 woollen fac, 5 tanneries, 6 distilleries, 1 
pottery, 4 grist m., 13 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$80,220. 1 acad. 30 students, 22 sch. 1,011 schol- 
ars. Pop. 4,263. 

Wallonia, p-v., Trigg co., Ky., 234 s. w. 
Frankfort, 761 W. Situated on the E. side of 
Muddy fork of Little r. 

WALLooMaACK, r., Vt., is formed by the union 
of several streams in Bennington, and flowing w. 
unites with Hoosic r., in Hoosic t., Rensselaer 
CO., N. Y. It aflbrds good water power. 

Wallsville, p-o., Luzerne co.. Pa., 154 n. e. 
Harrisburg, 260 W. 

Walnut, creek, O., rises on the borders of 
Licking and Fairfield counties, and flowing 30 
ms. s. w. falls into Scioto r., 6 ms. above Circle- 
viile. 

Walnut, p-o., Juniata co., Pa., 51 n. w. Har- 
risburg, 142 W. 

Walnut, t., Fairfield co., O. The Ohio canal 
passes through it. It contains the villages of 
New Salem and Millersport. Pop. 2,096. 

Walnut, t., Gallia co., O. Organized in 1819. 
The natural growth was extensively walnut. It 
has 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Pop. 636, 

Walnut, t., Holmes co., O. Watered by a 
branch of Sugar cr. It has 1 store, cap. $1,500; 
1 distiUery, 1 flouring m., 2 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $1,856. Pop. 1,099. 

Walnut, t., Pickaway co., O. Scioto river 
bounds it on the n. w. It has 1 store, cap. $250 ; 1 
fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 3 distilleries, 4 grist m., 
8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,678. 6 sch. 158 
scholars. Pop. 1,798. 

Walnut, t., Montgomery co., la. It has 4 
Bch. 85 scholars. Pop. 813. 



Walnut, t., Phillips co., Ark. It has 4 grist 
m. Cap. in manufac. $3,100. Pop. 510. 

Walnut Branch, p-o., Fauquier co., Va., 112 
N. by w. Richmond, 56 W. 

Walnut Camp, p-o., St. Francis co., Ark., 130 
E. Little Rock, 975 W. 

Walnut Creek, p-o.. Stark co., 111., Ill n. 
Springfield, 825 W. 

Walnut Flat, p-o., Lincoln co., Ky., 53 s. s. 
e. Frankfort, 571 W. 

Walnut Forest, p-o., Greene co., Mo., 150 
s. s. w. Jefferson City, 1,065 W. 

Walnut Fork, p-o., Jones co., Iowa. 

Walnut Grove, p-o., Morris co., N. J., 58 N. 
Trenton, 230 W. 

Walnut Grove, p-o., Kanawha co., Va., 333 
w. n. w. Richmond, 370 W. 

Walnut Grove, p-o., Orange co., N. C, 48 
N. w. Raleigh, 266 W. 

Walnut Grove, p-o., Spartanburg dist., S. 
C, 106 N. w. Columbia, 431 W. 

Walnut Grove, p-o., Caldwell co., Ky. 

Walnut Grove, p-o., Hawkins co., Tenn. 

Walnut Hill, p-o., Lee co., Va.. 410 w. by 
s. Richmond, 478 W. 

Walnut Hill, p-o., Franklin co., Ga. 

Walnut Hill, p-o., Hamilton co., O., 117 s. 
w. Columbus, 490 W. 

Walnut Hill, p-o., Bradley co., Tenn., 276 
s. E. Nashville, 421 W. 

Walnut Hill, p-o., Lafayette co.. Ark. 

Walnut Hill, p-o., Marion co.. 111., 114 s. s. 
E. Springfield, 775 W. 

Walnut Lane, p-o., Surry co., N. C, 154 w. 
s. w. Raleigh, 360 W. 

Walnut Ridge, p-o., Washington co., la., 86 
s. Indianapolis, 607 W. 

Walnut Valley, p-o., Warren co., N. J., 70 
n. Trenton, 225 W. 

Walnut Valley, p-o., Madi-son co., Ky. 

Walpack, p-t., Sussex co., N. J., 91 n. n. w. 
Trenton, 248 W. One half the surface is cover- 
ed by Blue mountain, between which and Dela- 
ware r. on its w. border, the soil is a fertile cal- 
careous loam and alluvion. Drained by Flatkill 
cr., which flows into Delaware r. It contains a 
German Reformed church, and has 1 store, cap. 
$3,000 ; 1 tannery, 2 grist rn., 2 saw m. Cap. in 
manufactures $10,075. 4 sch. 120 scholars. Pop. 
72-i. 

Walpole, p-t., Cheshire co., N. H., 63 s. w. 
by w. Concord, 444 W. The surface is uneven ; 
soil, fertile, particularly along Connecticut river, 
which bounds it on the w. Watered by Cold r. 
Fall mountain, towards its s. E. part, is elevated 
750 feet above the level of Connecticut r. The 
v. is pleasantly situated at the foot of this hill or 
mountain, on an elevated plain, and contains a 
Congregational church, and a considerable num- 
ber of dwellings, many of them large and hand- 
some. On Coldwater r., 3 ms. n. e., is a flourish- 
ing manufacturing v. Bellows falls in Connecti- 
cut r., in the n. w. part of the t., are a curiosity. 
(See Bellows Falls.) The river is very much 
compressed, and without much perpendicular 
fall, it rushes impetuously through a chasm, de- 
scending 42 feet in the course of half a mile. A 
bridge here crosses the r. to Rockingham, Vt., in 
which t. is the canal around the falls. At the falls 
in Walpole is a small v., called Drewsville. An- 
other bridge crosses from the principal village to 
Westminster, Vt. There are in the t. 7 stores, 
cap. $19,000 ; 1 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 2 tan- 
neries, 3 grist m., 9 saw m. Capital in manufac. 
$80,400. 1 acad. 52 students, 14 sch. 558 schol- 
ars. Pop. 2,015. 

Walpole, p t., Norfolk co., Mass., 21 s. w. 



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Boston, 427 W. The surface is rough ; soil, fer- 
tile with good cultivation. Drained by Neponset 
r. and its branches, which affijrd water power. 
Incorporated in 1724. It contains 3 churches 
2 Congregational and 1 Methodist. It has 5 stores, 
cap. $12,':*00; 3 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 3 cot- 
ton fac. 1,138 spindles, 5 sch. 395 scholars. Pop. 
1,491. 

Walpole East, p-o., Walpole t., Norfolk co., 
Mass., 19 s. w. Boston, 426 W. 

Walterborougii, p-v., capital of Colleton 
dist., S. C, 99 Columbia, 605 W. Situated on a 
branch of Ashepoo r., and contains a court house, 
jail, and about 500 inhabitants. 

Waltham, t., Hancock co.. Me. The soil is 
fertile, adapted lo grain. It has 2 saw m., 2 sch. 
82 scholars. Pop. 231. 

Waltham, t., Addison co., Vt., 24 s. Burling- 
ton, 9 N. w. Middlebury. The surface is eleva- 
ted and uneven ; soil, fertile, particularly along 
Otter Creek r., which bounds it on the w. Buck 
mountain, near its centre, command.s an extensive 
prospect. It has 4 sch. I'JO scholars. Pop. 2S3. 

Waltham, p-t., Middlesex co., Mass., 10 w. 
by N. Boston, 430 W. The surface is level, or 
moderately uneven ; soil, indifferent, but well 
cultivated and made productive. Drained by 
Charles r., which affords water power. It con- 
tains 6 churches — 2 Congregational, 1 Unitarian, 
1 Methodist, 1 Universalist, and 1 Roman Cath- 
olic. The V. is pleasantly situated on a plain, on 
1 street a mile long, and contains 150 dwellings, 
many of them elegant, and beautifully ornament- 
ed with trees, shrubbery, and gardens. Cotton 
and woollen manufactures are extensive. There 
are in the t. 1 1 stores, cap. .929,000 ; 3 cotton fac. 
11,000 sp., 1 paper fac, 1 printing office, 1 week- 
ly newspaper, 2 grist m. Cap. in manufactures 
$463,5lXi. 2 acad. 36 student.s, 9 sch. 500 schol- 
ars. Fop. 2,504. 

Walthamsville, p-v.. Liberty co., Ga., 204 
s. E. Milledgeville, 708 W. It contains a church, 
an academy, and 250 inhabitants, and double 
that number in the summer season. 

Walton, county, Ga. Situated n. of the cen- 
tre of the state, and contains 320 sq. ms. Drain- 
ed by the head waters of Ocmulgee and Oconee 
rs. Capital, Monroe. Tliere were in 1840, neat 
cattle 3,599, .sheep 1,579, swine 11,703; wheat 
18,658 bush, produced, Indian corn 171,495, oats 
18,560, potatoes 2,900, cotton 627,750 pounds ; 8 
stores, cap. $3,250 ; 3 tanneries, 7 distilleries, 12 
grist m., 10 saw m. Pop. whiles 6,583, slaves 
3,625, free col'd 1 ; total, 10,209. 

Walton, county, Flor. Situated in the w. 
part of the territory, and contains 1,584 sq. miles, 
('hoctavvhalchee river bounds it on the e., and 
Choctavvhatchee bay on the s. Drained by Yel- 
low Water r., and Shoal r. and its branches, and 
White, Alequa, and oth^r crs. The last is navi- 
gable 15 ms. from the bay. It has fertile land, 
particularly in the n. part. Capital, Euchee 
Anna. There were in 1840, neat cattle 10,952, 
sheep 3S6, swine 3,959 ; Ind. corn 25,048 bush, 
produced, potatoes 6,902, cotton 52,122 pounds ; 4 
stores, cap. $7,000; 6 grist m., 7sch. 131 scholars. 
Pop whites 1,189, slaves 231, free col'd 41 ; total, 
1,401 

Walton, p-t., Delaware co., N. Y., 97 s. w. 
Albany, 321 W. The surface is hilly and moun- 
tainous ; soil, adapted to grazing. Drained by 
the w. branch of Delaware r. and it.s tributaries. 
The v. is situated on Delaware r., and contains 1 
Presbyterian and 1 Episcopal church, 6 stores, 1 
grist m., 1 saw m., 1 clotiiier's works, 1 tannery, 
60 dwellings, and about 350 inliabitants. There 
are in the t. 4 stores, cap. $13,119 ; 1 fulling m., 



1 tannery, 2 grist m., 13 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. .$5,600. 17 sch. 603 scholars. Pop. 1,846. 

Walton, p-o., Boone co., Ky. 

Walton, p-t., Eaton co., Mich. Pop. 116. 

Waltonham, p-v., St. Louis co.. Mo., 9 n. w. 
St. Louis, 121 E. by n. Jefferson City, 817 W. 
It contains about .50 inhabitants. 

Walworth, county. Wis. Situated in the s. 
E. part of the territory, and contains 675 sq. miles. 
The surface is level, consisting of limbered and 
prairie land; soil, very fertile. Drained by Tur- 
tle r. and its branches, and by branches of Fox r., 
one of which issues from (reneva lake in its s. 
part. Capital, Delavan. There were in 1S40, 
neat cattle 2,861, sheep 410, swine 6,3S0 ; wheat 
59,560 bush, produced, barley 1,499, oats 35,155, 
potatoes, 14,410, sugar 13,050 pounds; 1 store, 
capital $2,.50O ; 1 distillery, 3 gri.st m., 7 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $33,005. 4 sch. 107 scholars. 
Pop. 2,611. 

Walworth, p-t., Wayne co., N. Y., 18 n. w. 
Lyons, 205 w. Albany, 362 W. The surface is 
rolling ; soil, a fertile gravelly loam. Drained in 
the N. part by streams flowing into Lake Ontario, 
and in the s. by tributaries of Mud cr., a branch 
of Clyde river. The v. contains 1 Baptist and 1 
Methodi.st church, 3 stores, 1 tannery, 25 dwell- 
ings, and about 150 inhabitants. There are in 
the t. 3 stores, cap. $14,500; 2 tanneries, 2 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $6,853. 9 sch. 336 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,734. 

Walworth, p-t., Walworth co., Wis., 69 s. E. 
Madison, 778 W. Pop. 226. 

Wampsville, p-v., Lenox t., Madison co., N. 
Y., 117 w. Albany, 362 W. Situated on the w. 
side of (^owasalon cr., and contains 1 Presbyte- 
rian church, 4 stores, and about 40 dwellings. 

Wantage, t., Sussex co., N. J. Bounded n. 
by the state of New York. The surl'ace is roll- 
ing on the E., mountainous and hilly on the w. ; 
soil, a fertile calcareous loam. Drained by Deep 
Clove river and Papakating cr., which unite and 
flow into Wallkill river. Along the Wallkill is a 
margin of swamp, known as the Drowned Lands. 
It has 11 stores, capital $44,270; 1 lumber yard, 
cap. $2,200 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 5 distiller- 
ies, 10 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manulactures 
$73,925. 1 acad. 26 students, 22 sch. 573 schol- 
ars. Pop. 3,908. 

Wapahko.vetta, p-v., Allen co., O., 101 n. w. 
Columbus, 481 W. It was formerly near the cen- 
tre of a large Indian reservation of the Shawnee 
tribe, but their title has been extinguished, and 
they have removed. It is now settled entirely 
by the whiles, and contains about 110 inhab- 
itants. 

Wappelo, p-v., capital of Loui.sa co., Iowa. 
Handsomely located on the site of Wappelo Vil- 
lage. A chief of the Fox Indians, of tliat name, 
resided here until the summer of 1836. It is re- 
gularly laid out with streets and squares, and 
contains a court house, and a number of neat 
dwellings. 

Wappingers, creek, N. Y., rises in Dutchess 
CO., and enters Hudson r. below the v. of New 
Hamburgh. It affords good water power. 

Wappingers Creek, p-o., Fishkill t., Dutchess 
CO., N. Y., 78 s. Albany, 294 W. 

Ward, t., Athens co., O. It has 5 saw mills. 
Capital in manufac. $2,600. 1 sch. 17 scholars. 
Pop. 345. 

Ward, t., Randolph co., la. It has 3 stores, 
cap. $5,300 ; 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 2 saw m., 4 
sch. 110 scholars. Pop. 1,138. 

Wardensville, p-o., Hardy co., Va., 177 N. 
w. Richoiond, 105 W. 

Wardsborough, p-t., Windham co., Vt., 15 n 



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w. Erattleboro', 120 s. by w. i>Iontpelier, 447 VV. I 
The surl'aoe is hilly, and in some parts rough ; | 
soil, adapted to grazing. Drained by a briiiich 
of West r., which affords water power. Char- 
tered in 1780. It contains a Congregational and 
a Baptist church. It has 3 stores, cap. $8,000 ; 1 
fulling m., 1 cotton fac. 60 sp., 3 tanneries, 3 grist 
m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manul'ac. $5,750. 7 sch. 
386 scholars. Pop. 1,102. 

Wauo's Bridge, p-o., Pittsylvania co., Va., 142 
s. w. Richmond, 220 W. 

Ware, river, Mass., rises in Worcester co., and 
enters Chickapee r. on the line of Hampshire and 
Hampden counties. It affords good water power. 

War Eagle, t., Madison co.. Ark. It lias 2 
tanneries, 3 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$15,130. 1 sch. 23 scholars. Pop. 758. 

Ware, county, Ga. Situated in the s. toward 
the E. part of the state, and contains 3,440 square 
miles. Drained by Santilla r. and its branches, 
in the N., and by the head waters of Suwanne r. 
in the s. part. Okefmoke swamp occupies its s. 
E. part. This great marshy lake is about 280 ms. 
in circumference, and extends into Florida. In 
wet seasons it appears like an inland sea, with 
several fertile islands. St. Mary's r. rises in this 
swamp. The surface of the county is level; 
soil, iertile, but much of it is exposed to inunda- 
tion. Capital, Waresboro'. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 20,918, sheep 392, swine 12,269; 
wheat 893 bush, produced, oats 18,658, potatoes 
2,900, cotton 627,750 pounds, sugar 11,935 ; 9 grist 
m. Cap. in manufac. $2,700. 1 college, 13 sch 
478 scholars. Pop. whites 2,189, slaves 132, free 
col'd 2 ; total, 2.323. 

Ware, p-t., Hampshire co., Mass., 22 e. by s. 
Northampton, 68 w. by s. Boston, 385 W. The 
surface is hilly and rough ; soil, well adapted to 
grazing. Swift r. bounds it on the w. Watered 
by Ware r., which afTords good water iiower. 
It contains 2 Congregational churches. The v. 
is pleasantly situated in the E. part of the t., on 
Ware r., at the falls, and contains a Congrega 
tional church, a bank, various manufacturing 
establishments, and about 1,500 inhabitants. 
There are in the t. 6 stores, cap. .$8,000 ; 1 cot- 
ton fac. 350 sp., 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. iiS147,300. 14 sch. 611 scholars. Pop. 
1,890. 

Wareham, p-t., Plymouth co., Mass., 53 s. s. 
E. Boston, 446 W. The surface is level ; soil, 
light and sandy. Bounded s. by the head of 
Buzzard's bay. W'atered by Agawon r., and 
fine mill streams which How into the bay. The 
V. at the head of the bay contains a Congrega- 
tional and a Methodist church, a bank, and a 
considerable number of dwellings. Vessels of 
150 or 200 tons come to its wliarves. There 
are in the t. 8 stores, cap. $28,000 ; 1 lumber 
yard, cap. $1,000; 1 cotton fac. 600 sp., 1 tan- 
nery, 1 paper fac, 4 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $212,600; 5 sch. 138 scholars. Pop. 
2,002. 

Warehouse Point, p-v., East Windsor t., 
Hartford co., Ct., 14 n. by e. Hartford, 3t9 W. 
It lies in the N. w. part of the t., on the e. side of 
Connecticut r., and has 2 churches — 1 Episcopal 
and 1 3Ietliodist. 

Waresborougii, p-v., capital of W^are co., Ga., 
75 N. w. St. Mary's, 212 s. s. E. Milledgeville, 
811 W. Situated a little s. of Santilla r., and 
contains a court house and about 50 inhabitants 
Warfieldbukg, p-v., Carroll co., Md., 56 n. 
N. w. Annapolis, 61 W. Situated a few miles 
s. w. of Westminster, the capital of the county. 
Warforusuurg, p-v., Bedford co., Pa., 85 s, 
w. Harrisburg, 100 W. 



Warlick's Store, p-o., Lincoln co., N. C' 
185 w. by s. Raleigh, 422 W. 

Warminster, t., Bucks co., Pa., 17 n. Phila- 
delphia, 8 s. E. Doylestown. The surface is 
hilly ; soil, gravel and sandy loam. Drained by 
branches of Pennypack cr. It has 3 stores, cap. 
$13,000: 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,300. 
4 sch. 88 scholars. Pop. 934. 

Warmin.ster, p-v.. Nelson co., Va. Situated 
on the N. side of James r. It contains 2 stores, a 
masonic hall, used as a church, and about 30 in- 
habitants, nearly half of whom are colored. It 
was formerly more flourishing than at present. 

Vv^ARsi Springs, p-v.. Buncombe co., N. C, 34 
.\. N. w. Ashville, 291 w. Raleigh, 462 W. Situ- 
ated near French Broad r. The springs contain 
valuable medicinal properties. 

Warm Springs, p-v., Meriwether co., Ga., 
110 w. by K. Milledgeville, 732 W. Situated 
near the head of a branch of Flint r. 

Warner, p-t., Merrimac co., N. H., 17 vv. n. 
w. Concord, 481 W. Drained by Warner river, 
which flows into Contoocook r. The surface i.s 
uneven and broken ; soil, generally fertile, 
adapted to grazing. Incorporated in 1774. It 
has 5 stores, cap. $8,500; 2 tanneries, 1 paper 
fac, 3 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$38,650. 23 schools 561 scholars. Population 
2,139. 

Warren, county, N. Y. Situated in the E., 
toward the n. part of the state, and contains 912 
sq. ms. Lake George lies on its e., and extends 
into its s. E. part. There are several other lakes. 
The surface is hilly, mountainous, and broken. 
Drained by Hudson r. and Schroon branch, 
which here unite. Iron ore is abundant, and 
marl has been found in Queensbury t. The coun- 
try is in a great measure a wilderness. Capital, 
Caldwell. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
9,826, sheep 22,775, swine 8,053; wheat 12,9f;i 
bushels produced, rye 17,567, Indian corn 63,476, 
buckwheat 24,647, barley 1,201, oats 103,733, 
potatoes 221,134, sugar 43,821 pounds ; 48 stores, 
cap. $110,000; 7 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 9 
tanneries, 2 powder m., 14 grist m., 99 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $121,960. 104 sch. 4,119 schol- 
ars. Pop. 13,422. 

Warren, county, N. J. Situated in the w. 
tow ard the n. part of the state, and contains 350 
L-q. ms. Bounded w. by Delaware r. Drained 
by Paulinskill, Pequest, and Pohatcong rivers. 
Organized in 1824. The surface is uneven. 
JMusconetcong or Schooley's mountain bounds it 
on the s. E. Capital, Belvidcre. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 12,718, sheep 19,599, swine 
22,517; wheat 124,726 bushels produced, rye 
184,877, Indian corn 311,955, buckwheat 108,300, 
oat.s 173,602, potatoes 142,662 ; 53 stores, cap. 
$207,900 ; 1 furnace, 1 cotton fac. 216 sp., 9 tan- 
neries, 2 distilleries, 1 Iftewery, 21 flouring m., 
35 grist m., 24 saw m., 4 oil m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $470,160. 92 sch. 5,533 scholars. Pop. 
20,366. 

Warren, county, Pa. Situated in the n. w. 
part of the state, and contains 832 sq. ms. The 
surface is undulating ; soil, moderately fertile 
Drained by Alleghany r. and its tributaries, Cone- 
wango. Broken Straw, and other creeks. The 
surface is broken ; soil, in some parts, fertile. 
Capital, Warren. There were in 1840, neat cat- 
tle 8,340, sheep 13,081, swine 6,334 ; wheat 
30,280 bush, produced, rye 6,247, Indian corn 
37,228, buckwheat 13,570, barley 1,341, oats 
64,890, potatoes 147,271, sugar 91,318 pounds; 
28 stores, cap. $65,750; 5 fulling m., 3 furnaces, 
6 tanneries, 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspa- 
pers, 2 flouring m., 16 grist m., 123 saw m. Cap. 



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in inanuCac. |J;313,17"2. 1 acad. 50 students, 8a 
sch. 2,074 scholars. Pop. 9,278. 

Warren, county, Va. Situated in llie n. part 
of the state, and contains 200 sq. ms. The She- 
nandoali r. passes centrally through it. Capital, 
Front Royal. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
5,421, sheep 7,289, swine 12,969; wheat 148,372 
hush, produced, rye 17,390, InJ. corn 219,320, 
buckwheat 4,881, oats 57,641, potatoes 16,325: 
11 stores, cap. $83,000; 1 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 
8 distilleries, 13 flouring m., 20 grist m., 12 saw 
m. Cap. in munufac. $115,020. 1 acad. 14 stu- 
dents, 6 sch. 220 scholars. Pop. whites 3,851, 
slaves 1,434, free col'd 3J2; total, 5,627. 

Warren, county, N. C. Situated in the n. 
part of the state, and contains 391 sq. ins. The 
surface is elevated ; soil, fertile. IJrained by 
Roanoke r. and its branches in the .\. part, and 
Fishing cr. and its branches in the s. part. Capi- 
tal, Warrenton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
11,100, siieep 7,860, swine 30,856; wheat 25,551 
bush, produced, rye 888, Ind. corn 395,351, oats 
80,113, potatoes 24,730, tobacco 3,574,296 pounds, 
cotton 380,954 ; 10 stores, cap. $49,800 ; 4 flour- 
ing m., 26 grist m., 7 saw m., 1 printing office, 1 
weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. $49,150. 
3 acad. 71 students, 10 sch. 182 scholars. Pop. 
■whites 4,400, slaves 8,200, free col'd 329 ; total, 
12,919. 

Warren, county, Ga. Situated toward the e. 
part of the state, and contains 560 sq. ms. Ogee- 
chee r. bounds it on the s. vv., and Little r. on the 
N., by branches of which and of Brier cr. it is 
drained. The Ca. railroad passes through it. 
Capital, Warrenton. There were in 1810, neat 
cattle 6,319, sheep 4,505, swine 17,254; wheat 
13,351 bush, produced, Ind. corn 268,320, oats 
6,860, potatoes 5,892, cotton 262,555 pounds ; 16 
stores, cap. $100,050; 2 cotton fac. 1,123 sp., 4 
flouring m., 5 grist m., 6 saw m., 1 acad. 75 stu- 
dents, 5 sch. 147 scholars. Pop. whites 5,176, 
slaves 4,536, free col'd 77 ; total, 9,789. 

Warren, county, Miss. Situated in the w. 
part of the stale, and contains 600 sq. ms. Big 
Black r. boimds it on the s. e., and Mississippi r. 
on the w. Watered by Vazoo r., and by branches 
of Big Black r. The surface on the e. is hilly 
and broken, on the bottoms of the i^Iississippi, 
liable to submersion; soil, extensively very fer- 
tile. The Vieksburg and Brandon railroad passes 
through it. Capital, Vii-ksbnrg. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 22,618, sheep 3,812, swine 
2.5,890; Ind. corn 513,140 bush, produced, oats 
32,119, potatoes 62,320, cotton 16,049,200 pounds; 
26 commission houses, cap. $167,800; 112 stores, 
cap. $167,350 ; 10 saw m. Cap. in manufactures 
$188,310. 2 acad. 184 students, 7 sch. 176 scho- 
lars. Pop. whites 5,223, slaves 10,493, free col'd 
104; total, 15,820. 

Warren, county, Tenn. Situated near the 
middle of the state, and contains 960 sq. ms. 
Drained by Collins r. and its branches, which 
flow into the Caney Fork of Cumberland r. Cap- 
ital, McMinnville. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 11,107, sheep 9,722, swine 10,141; wheat 
53,347 bush, produced, rye 3,835, Indian corn 
468,085, oats 108,117, potatoes 12,012, cotton 4,3S4 
pounds; 5 stores, cap. $24,500; 5 tanneries, 6 
distilleries, 1 powder m., 10 grist ra., 4 saw m., 
1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in 
manufac. $12,065. 28 sch. 1,161 scholars. Pop. 
■whites 9,366, slaves 1,349, free col'd 88 ; total, 
10,803. 

Warren, county, Ky. Situated s. w. of the 
centre of the state, and contains 612 sq. ms. 
Drained by Big Barren r. and its branches, which 
flow into Green r., which bounds it on the n. 



Capital, Bowling Green. Tliere W'ere in 1840, 
neat cattle 34,523, sheep 21,729, swine 52,329; 
wheat 80,180 bush, produced, rye 1,976, Indian 
corn 715,566, oats 183,210, potatoes 18,576, tobac- 
co 1,029,890 pounds; 1 commission house, cap. 
$1.5,000; 20 stores, cap. $316,200; 12 tanneries, 
23 distilleries, 7 grist m., 3 saw m., 1 printing 
office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. 
$37,665. 1 acad. 30 students, 4 sch. 125 scho- 
lars. Pop. whiles 11,078, slaves 4,207, free col'd 
161; total, 15,446. 

Warren, county, O. Situated toward the .s. 
\\. part of the state, and contains 400 sq. ms. 
Great Miami r. crosses its n. vv. comer. Drained 
by Little Miami r. and its branches. The Miamis 
afford water power, and are boatable in high wa- 
ter. It contains some remarkable ancient mounds. 
The land is some of the most fertile portion of the 
iMiami valley. Capital, Lebanon. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 21,368, sheep 33,031, swine 
56,847 ; wheat 248,665 bush, produced, rye 7,750, 
Ind. corn 1,231,321, barley 7,754, oats 327,314, 
potatoes 44,912, sugar 187,295 poimds ; 80 stores, 
cap. $170,600; 4 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 13 
tanneries, 1 distillery, 4 potteries, 5 flouring m., 
22 grist m., 19 saw m., 2 paper fac. Cap. in 
manufac. $236,464. 69 sch. 5,356 scholars. Pop. 
23,141. 

Warren, county, la. Situated in the w. part 
of the state, and contains 350 sq. ms. Organ- 
ized in 1828. Watered by Wabash r. and its 
branches. The surface is level, one third of it 
prairie ; soil, fertile. The Wabash is navigable 
for steamboats, and its tributaries afford good 
water power. Capital, Williamsport. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 7,963, sheep 9,515, 
swine 15,851 ; wheat 3'2,198 bush, produced, rye 
1,447, Ind. corn 414,046, oats 89,95.5, potatoes 
15,543, tobacco 830 pounds, sugar 8,200 ; 8 stores, 
cap. $25,000 ; 6 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 flouring 
m., 4 grist m., 19 saw m. Cap. in manufactures 
$30,193. 8 sch. 185 scholars. Pop. 5,656. 

Warre.n, county. 111. Situated hi the w. t(v 
ward the n. part of tlie state, and contains 900 
sq. ms. Formed in 1825, organized in 1830. 
Mississippi r. bounds it on the w. Drained by 
Henderson r. and its branches, and by Ellison, 
Honey, and Camp creeks. The surface is level ; 
soil, very fertile, particularly on the streams. 
On the Mississippi it is liable to submersion. 
Capital, MonmouLli. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 9,769, sheep 7,141, swine 23,682; wheat 
75,243 bush, produced, rve 4,120, Indian corn 
293,843, barley 1,394, oats 97,400, potatoes 21,881, 
sugar 22,619 pounds ; 2 commission houses, cap. 
s4;000 ; 10 stores, cap. $29,500 ; 1 tannery, 1 dis- 
tillery, 3 flouring m., 4 grist m., 20 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $79,370. 19 sch. 569 scholars. Pop. 
6,739. 

Warren, county. Mo. Situated toward the 
E. part of the stale, and contains 350 aq. ms. 
Bounded s. w. by 3Iissouri r., by small branches 
of which it is drained. The surface is various ; 
soil, on the bottoms, very fertile. Capital, War- 
renton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,626, 
sheep 3,983, swine 10,950; wheat 13,693 bush, 
produced, Ind. corn 132,315, oats 21,185, potatoes 
6,5-26, tobacco 33-<,400 pounds, sugar 4,562; 27 
stores, cap. $41,200; 1 tannery, 2 distilleries, 5 
grist m., 6 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. m manulac. 
$12,575. 5 sch. 104 scholars. Pop. wliites 3,555, 
slaves 696, free col'd 2 ; total, 4,253. 

Warre.n, p-t., one of the capitals of Lincoln 
CO., Me., 37 s. e. Augusta, 613 W. Watered by 
St. (ieorge r., virhich affords water power, and 
is navigable for sloops. It contains several ponds. 
Incorporated in 1776. The v. contains a court 



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house, an academy, and a number of neat dwell- 
ings. There are in the t. 14 stores, cap. )§'23,000 ; 
2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manii- 
fac. $3,675. 1 acad. 80 students, 19 sch. 853 
scholars. Pop. 2,223. 

Warren, p-t., Grafton co., N. H., 60 n. n. w. 
Concord, 522 W. Watered by Bakers r., which 
afford.s water power. A pond in its n. e. part 
flows into Pemigewasset r. Carr's mountain is 
in its s. E. part. Chartered in 1763. It has 1 
store, cap. $1,500; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 grist 
m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,330. 8 sch. 
277 scholars. Pop. 933. 

Warren, p-t., Washington co., Vt., 31 s. e. 
Burlington, 25 .s. w. Montpelier, 500 W. Drained 
by Mud r., a branch of Onion or Winooski r., 
which aflords water power. The surface is not 
very uneven, but it lies between 2 ranges of the 
Green mountains. Chartered in 1789, first settled 
in 1797. It has 2 stores, cap. $5,000 ; 2 fulling 
m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $1,750. 8 sch. 258 scholars. 
Pop. 943. 

Warren, p-t., Worcester co., Mass., 66 w. s. 
W. Boston, 385 W. Incorporated by the name 
of Western in 1741, received the name of War- 
ren in 1831. Drained by Chickapee r., which 
afTords good water power. The surface is hilly 
and rough ; soil, productive, adapted to grain and 
to grazing. The v. is on Chickapee r., and con- 
tains a Congregational and a Universalist church, 
several manufactories, and a number of dwell- 
ings. The Worcester and Springfield railroad 
passes through it across the t. along the r. Iron 
ore is found. There are in the t. 6 stores, cap. 
$14,400 ; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 3 cotton 
fac. 5,500 sp., 1 forge, 3 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $22,700. 10 sch. 373 scholars. Pop. 
1,290. 

Warren, p-t., Litchfield co., Ct., 8 w. Litch- 
field, 48 w. Hartford, 321 W. Watered by 
Shepaug r., a branch of Housatonic r. Raumaug 
pond lies on its s. border. The surface is hilly 
and mountainous ; soil, gravelly loam, adapted 
to grazing. It contains a Congregational and a 
Baptist church. Incorporated in 1786. It has 
2 stores, cap. $6,000 ; 2 Ibrges, 1 tannery, 2 grist 
m., 3 saw m., 1 acad. 17 students, 7 sch. 257 
scholars. Pop. 872. 

Warre.v, p-t., Bristol co., R. I., 14 s. e. Pro- 
vidence, 414 W. Situated on the e. side of 
Narraganset bay. The surface is undulating ; 
soil, a fertile mold. The v. is pleasantly situa- 
ted in the s. e. part of the t. on elevated ground, 
and has a good harbor, admitting vessels of 300 
tons. There are 13 wharves with convenient 
storehouses. It contains 2 churches — 1 Baptist 
and 1 Methodist — an academy, a bank, and 
about 200 dwellings. It has considerable ship- 
building. Incorporated in 1746. There are in 
the t. 7 commercial and com. houses, cap. 
$184,000; 22 stores, cap. $60,500; 4 acad. 270 
students, 7 sch. 195 scholars. Pop. 2,437. 

Warren, p-t., Herkimer co., N. Y., 64 n. w. 
Albany, 375 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, sandy 
and clay loam, well adapted to grazing and to 
grain. Drained by Nowadaga cr., flowing into 
Mohawk r. Little Lake v. is in its s. part. It 
has 7 stores, cap. $18,400; 3 fulling m., 2 woollen 
fac. 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $31,395. 10 sch. 495 scholars. Pop. 
2,003. 

Warren, t., Somerset co., N. J., 6 n. e. Somer- 
ville. The surface is hilly and mountainous ; 
soil, stiflf clay and sandy loam. Watered by 
Middle Brook. It contains copper ort;, and some 
gold has been found. It has 5 stores, cap. $3,000 ; 



4 distilleries, Sgrist m., 3 .saw m. Cap. in manu 
fac. $17,000. 4 sch. 85 scholars. Pop. 1,601. 

Warren, p-b., capital of Warren co.. Pa., 205 
N. w. Harrisburg, 297 W. Situated on the n. 
side of AUeghany r., at the junction of Conewan- 
go cr. The streets cross each other at right 
angles, dividing the whole into 16 blocks, with 
500 lots, one third of an acre each. Near the 
centre, at the intersection of 2 streets 100 feet 
wide each, is a public ground of 4 lots, each con- 
taining 1 acre for public buildings. It contains a 
court house, jail, fire-proof county offices of stone, 
an academy, 5 stores, a bank, 3 churches, 2 
tanneries, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., and about 100 
dwellings. The bank of the r. is here 35 feet 
high, commanding a fine view of the stream 
above and below the v. It has 14 stores, cap. 
$12,500 ; 1 fulling m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly 
newspapers, 1 flouring m., 2 grist m., 4 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $24,000. 1 acad. 50 students, 
3 sch. 90 scholars. Pop. 737. 

Warren, t., Franklin co.. Pa., 21 s. w. Cham- 
bersburg. The surface is mountainous ; soil, 
calcareous loam and slate. Drained by Little 
Cove cr., a branch of Licking cr. It has 1 store, 
cap. $1,600 ; 1 furnace, 1 forge, 1 tannery. Cap. 
in manufac. $1,000. 2 sch. 85 scholars. Pop- 
662. 

Warren, t., Bradford co.. Pa., 17 n. e. To- 
wanda. The surface is hilly ; soil, gravelly 
loam. Drained by Wepasening cr. and its 
branches, flowing into Susquehanna r. It has 2 
stores, cap. $5,000 ; 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $2,350. 10 sch. 415 scholars. Pop. 
1,308. 

Warren, p-v., Baltimore co., Md., 45 n. An- 
napolis, 55 W. 

Warren, p-v., Albemarle co., Va., 79 n. w. 
by w. Richmond, 145 W. Situated on the n. 
bank of .lames r., at the mouth of Ballenger's or. 
It contains 1 free church, 2 stores, and about 60 
inhabitants. 

Warren, p-t., capital of Trumbull co., O., 163 
N. E. Columbus, 303 W. Situated on Mahoning 
r., on the Pennsylvania and Ohio canal. The 
town plat is 1 m. square, with streets crossing 
each other at right angles, and contains a court 
hou.se, jail, county offices, 3 churches, 16 stores, 
various mechanic shops, 3 printing offices, 200 
dwellings, and about 1,500 inhabitants. There 
are in the t. 12 sch. 640 scholars. Pop. 1,996. 

Warren, t., Belmont co., O. The surface is 
rolling ; soil, fertile, adapted to wheat, Indian 
corn, and tobacco. Drained by head branches 
Captina and Stillwater creeks, which aflford wa- 
ter power. It contains Barnsville v., 2 ms. w. 
of which is a remarkable ancient fortification, 
enclosing 4 or 5 acres, in a circular form, with 
walls at present not more than from 3 to 6 feet 
high, and 15 broad at the base, on and within 
which are trees, as large as those of the neigh- 
boring forest. There are 2 gate-ways exactly 
opposite to each other on opposite sides of the 
ibrt. There are in the t. 1 acad. 14 students, 4 
sch. 1 12 scholars. Pop. 2,403. 

Warren, t., JefTerson co., O. It has 5 stores, 
cap. $18,000; 1 lumber yard, cap. $3,(X)0 ; 1 tan- 
nery, 4 flouring m., 1 grist m., 4 saw m., 1 oil m. 
Cap. in manufac. $17,600. 5 sch. 250 scholars. 
Pop. 1,945. 

Warren, t., Tuscarawas co., O. It has 5 
stores, cap. $2,600 ; 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 4 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $5,700. 10 sch. 402 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,173. 

Warren, t., Washington co., O. Situated on 
Ohio r., 4 ras. below Marietta. It has fine farms, 
and produces good fruit. It contains sandstone, 



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from which grindstones are manufactured. It 
has 8 sch. 245 scholars. Pop. 931. 

Warre.v, t., Macomb co., Mich. It has 2 sch. 
41 scholars. Pop. 3o7. 

Warrkn, p-v., Bibb co., Ga., 43 s. w. Mil- 
ledgeville, 6'J9 W. 

W.\RRE.\, p-v., Huntington co., la., 123 n. n. 
K. Indianapolis, 5:<8 W. It contains about 50 in- 
habitants. 

Warren, t., Marion co., la. It has 9 stores, 
cap. $14,800 ; 1 cotton fac. 500 sp., 2 tanneries, 1 
brewery, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. C'ap. in manufac. 
$36,250. 2 sch. 69 scholars. Pop. 1,374. 

Warren, t., Putnam co., la. It has 9 stores, 
cap. $21,550 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 1 distil- 
lery, 1 pottery, 1 flouring m., 5 grist m., 3 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $10,205. 6 sch. 486 schol- 
ars. Pop. 2,201. 

Warren, p-v., Marion co., Mo., 105 n. n. e. 
Jefferson City, 940 W. 

Warre.v, t., Marion co., Mo. It has 4 sch. 
95 scholars. Pop. 1,514. 

Warren Ferry, p-o., Buckingham co., Va., 
80 w. Richmond, 146 W. 

Warrenha.m, p-o., Bradford co., Pa., 195 n. 
by E. ilarrisburg, 285 W. 

Warrensbukg, p-t., Warren co., N. Y., 6 n. 
w. Caldwell, 6i» n. Albany, 444 W. The sur- 
face is hilly and mountainous. Hudson r. and 
Schroon branch here unite, on which is very fer- 
tile land. The v. is situated on Schroon branch, 
and contains 2 ciiurches, 4 stores, 1 grist m., 2 
saw m., 1 clothier's works, 1 extensive tannery, 
60 dwellings, and about 400 inhabitants. There 
are in the t. 5 stores, cap. $18,000 ; 1 fulling m., 
2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $75,000. 10 soh. 405 scholars. Pop. 1,468. 

Warrensburg, p-v., Greene co., Tenn., 242 
E. Nashville, 454 W. It contains about 78 in- 
habitants. 

Warrensburg, p-v., capital of Johnson co.. 
Mo., 98 w. Jefferson City, 1,034 W. Situated 
on Blackwater r., above Post Oak fork. It con- 
tains a court house, jail, and about 250 inhabit- 
ants. The t. has5 sch. 108 scholars. Pop. 1,228. 

Warren Tavern, p-o., Chester co.. Pa., 76 
E. s. E. Harrisburg, 130 W. 

Warrensville, p-v., Du Page co., 111., 180 n. 
N. E. Springfield, 748 W. 

Warrington, p-v., capital of Fauquier co., 
Va., 102 N. by w. Richmond, 51 W. It contains 
a court house, jail, a town hall, 3 churches — 1 
F.piscopal, 1 Presbyterian, and 1 Methodist — 
several stores, a printing office, issuing a weekly 
newspaper, 200 dwellings, and about 1,300 in- 
habitants. 

Warrenton, p-v., capital of Warren co., N. 
C, 62 N. N. E. Raleigh, 224 W. Situated on the 
head waters of Fishing cr., and contains a court 
house, jail, a church, several stores, and about 
675 inhabitants. 

Warrenton, p-v., Abbeville dist., S. C, 103 
w. Columbia, 535 W. 

Warrenton, p-v., capital of Warren co., Ga., 
44 E. N. E. Milledgeville, 626 W. It contains a 
court house, jail, 7 stores, 1 Methodist church, 
and 25 dwellings. 

Warrenton, p-v., capital of Marshall co., 
Ala., 135 N. E. Tuscaloosa, 707 W. Situated on 
the E. side of a branch of Tennessee r., and con- 
tains a court house, jail, and about 100 inhabit- 
ants. 

Warrenton, p-v., Warren t, Jefferson co., 
O., 136 E. by n. Columbus, 267 W. Situated on 
Ohio r. above the mouth of Indian Short cr. 

Warrenton, p-v., Gibson co., la. 

Warrenton, p-v., Warren co.. Miss., 50 vv 



Jackson, 1,060 W. Situated on the e. bank of 
Mississippi r., and contains several stores, and 
about 300 inhabitants. 

Warrenton, p-v., capital of Warren co., Mo., 
71 E. n. e. Jefferson City, 868 W. It contains a 
court house, jail, and about 100 inhabitants. 

Warrenton Springs, p-o., Fauquier co., Va., 
107 N. by w. Richmond, 56 W. 

Warrenville, p-t., Cuyahoga co., O., 154 N. 
N. E. Columbus, 351 W. Drained by a branch 
of Cuyahoga r., and small streams flowing into 
Lake Erie. It has 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 2 saw 
m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $3,000. 9 sch. 
278 scholars. Pop. 1,082. 

Warrick, county, la. Situated in the s. w. 
part of the state, and contains 360 sq. ms. Ohio 
r. bounds it on the s. Drained by Big and Little 
Pigeon creeks. The surface is rolling ; soil, fer- 
tile. Capital, Booneville. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 5,400, sheep 5,400, swine 1,820 ; wheat 
20,500 bush, produced, Ind. corn 250,800, oats 
32,500, potatoes 20,000, tobacco 516,000 pounds ; 
20 stores, cap. $20,(X)0 ; 6 tanneries, 6 distilleries, 
2 flouring m., 10 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $3,000. 22 sch. 710 scholars. Pop. 
6,321. 

Warrington, p-t., Bucks co., Pa., 104 e. 
Harrisburg, 15S W. It has 1 grist m. Cap. in 
manufac. $1,950. 3 sch. 83 scholars. Pop. 637. 

Warringto.v, t., York co., Pa. It has 3 
stores, cap. $4,800 ; 3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 
pottery, 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$12,500. 

Warrior Bridge, p-o., Washington co., Ala., 
138 s. s. w. Tuscaloosa, 950 W. 

Warrior Mark, p-t., Huntingdon co.. Pa., 
103 w. Harrisburg, 171 W. The surface is moun- 
tainous ; soil, in the valleys, calcareous loam. 
In the w. part are Alleghany mountain and 
Bald Eagle ridge. Drained by Juniata and 
Bald Eagle cr. The v. near the n. line, contains 
2 stores, and about 25 dwellings. There are in 
the t. 3 stores, cap. $27,150 ; 1 furnace, 2 tan- 
neries, 2 distilleries, 2 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $21,100. 9 sch. 500 scholars. Pop. 
1,689. 

Warrior Run, po., Northumberland co.. Pa. 

Warsaw, p-t., capital of Wyoming co., N. Y., 
251 w. Albany, 363 W. The surface is partly 
hilly, with a fertile valley, through which flovk-g 
Allen's cr. ; soil, clay loam and very fertile. 
The V. is .situated on Allen's cr., and contains a 
court house, jail, county clerk's oflice, 4 churches 
— 2 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist — 6 
stores, 1 flouring m., 1 woollen fac, 2 furnaces, 1 
machine shop, 1 tannery, 100 dwellings, and 
about 800 inhal)itants. There are in the t. 9 
stores, cap. $35,000 ; 3 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 
1 furnace, 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. 
in manufiic. $43,100. 2 acad. 80 students, 25 
sch. 1,068 scholars. Pop. 2,8U. 

Warsaw, p-t., Jeffcr.son co.. Pa., 168 N. w. 
Harrisburg, 260 W. Drained by a branch of 
Bank cr., which flows into Alleghany r. 

Warsaw, p-v., capital of Richmond co., Va., 
58 N. E. Richmond, 117 W. It contains a court 
house, jail, county clerk's office, 1 female semi- 
nary, 1 Episcopal church, 2 stores, and about 125 
inhabitants. It is 3 ms. from the navigable wa- 
ters of Rappahannock r. 

Warsaw, p-v., Duplin co., N. C, 80 s. s. E- 
Raleigh, 310 W. 

Warsaw, p-v., Gwinnett co., Ga., 97 n. w.- 
Milledgeville, 668 W. Situated on the e. side 
of Chattahoochee r. 

Warsaw, p o., Coshocton co., O., 83 n. e. by 
E. Columbus, 340 W. 



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Warsaw, p-v., capital of Gallatin co., Ky., 51 
N. N. w. Frankfort, 535 W. Situated on tlie s. 
side of Ohio r., and contains a court house, jail, 
county clerk's office, 2 steam m. and fac, and 
600 inhabitants. 

Warsaw, p-v., capital of Kosciusko co., la., 
126 N. by E. Indianapolis, 603 W. Situated on 
the E. side of Tippecanoe r., and contains a court 
house, jail, and 100 inhabitants. 

Warsaw, p-v., Hancock co., 111., 114 w. n. w. 
Springfield, 892 W. Situated on the E. side of 
Mississippi r., at the foot of the Des Moines rapids. 
It contains several stores, a steam m., and about 
800 inhabitants. It is near tlie site of old Fort 
Edwards. 

Warsaw, p-v., capital of Benton co.. Mo., 80 
s. w. by w. JefTerson City, 1,016 W. Situated 
on the N. side of Osage r., and contains a court 
house, jail, 10 stores, 2 tanneries, and about 400 
inhabitants. 

Wartiien's Store, po., Washington co., Ga., 
37 s. E. Milledgeville, 605 W. 

War Traceville, p-o., Bedford co., Tenn., 
51 s. s. E. Nashville, 682 W. 

Warwick, county, Va. Situated in the s. e. 
part of tlie state, and contains 95 sq. ms. James 
r. bounds it on the s. w. It occupies the s. w. 
part of the peninsula between James and York 
rivers. Capital, Warwick C'. H. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 1,573, sheep 973, swine 3,926 ; 
wheat 10,901 bush, produced, Ind. corn 45,975, 
oats 8,698, potatoes 1,705, cotton 988 pounds ; 7 
commission houses ; 25 stores, cap. $63,000 ; 1 
cotton fac. 1,664 sp., 1 tannery, 2 flourhig m., 11 
grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $218,300. 
2 sch. 52 scholars. Pop. whites 604, slaves 831, 
free col'd 21 ; total, 1,456. 

Warwick, p-t., Franklin co., Mass., 79 w. n. 
vv. Boston, 420 W. The surface is elevated and 
uneven, containing an elevated summit denom- 
inated Grace mountain ; soil, strong and fertile, 
well adapted to grazing. It contains a Unitarian 
and a Congregational church. It lias no consid- 
erable streams. A small branch of Miller's r. 
rises in its s. e. part. Incorporated in 1763. It 
has 2 stores, cap. $4,500 ; 1 fulling m., 3 tanner- 
ies, 2 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$6,600. 1 acad. 42 students, 11 sch. 371 scholars. 
Pop. 1,071. 

Warwick, p-t., Kent co., R. I., 11 s. w. Provi- 
dence, 401 W. "The surface is level on the e., 
elevated and hilly on the w. ; soil, gravelly loam, 
strong and productive. Watered by Pavvtuxet 
r., which affords good water power. It has sev- 
eral good harbors, the principal of which is Ap- 
ponaug, on a branch of Narraganset bay in its s. 
part, which admits vessels of from 20 to 50 tons. 
The V. contains a Baptist churcli, an academy, a 
bank, and about 60 dwellings. The fisiieries of 
Narraganset bay are valuable. Pawtuxet v., at 
the mouth of Pawtuxet r., lies partly in Cranston 
t., Providence co., and contains a Congregational 
and a Baptist church, the latter in Cranston, atid 
is a large manufacturing v. Within a m. of the 
V. of Apponaug is a huge rock, so balanced upon 
another rock, that a boy of 14 years of age can 
move it, making a noise like a drum, and hence 
called Drum rock. It is a great natural curiosity. 
There are in t. 68 stores, cap. $152,000; 3 lum- 
ber yards, cap. $9,000 ; 2 woollen fac, 28 cotton 
fac. 73,041 sp., 2 tanneries, 8 grist m., 2 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $1,252,200. 5 acad. 186 stu- 
dents, 36 sch. 1,320 scholars. Pop. 6,726. 

Warwick, p-t.. Orange co., N. Y., 24 s. w. 
Newburg, 111 s. s. w. Albany, 208 W. The sur- 
face is uneven and mountainous; soil, generally 
fertile. On the w. is a portion of the " Drowned 



Lands." Drained by Wallkill r., and on the s. 
by tributaries of Passaic r. The v. contains 1 
Reformed Dutch and 1 Baptist church, 6 stores, 
1 tannery, 70 dwellings, and about 450 inhabit- 
ants. There are in the t. 16 stores, cap. $29,700 ; 
4 lumber yards, cap. $12,000; 1 fulling m., 1 
woollen fac, 4 tanneries, 15 distilleries, 8 grist 
m., 14 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $44,650. 1 
acad. 147 students, 20 sch. 1,034 scholars. Pop. 
5,113. 

Warwick, t., Bucks co.. Pa., 5 s. e. Doyles- 
town, 21 N. Philadelphia. The surface is hilly ; 
soil, sandy loam and gravel. Drained by Nisha- 
miny cr. It contains a church in the s. w. part, 
and several small villages. It has 3 stores, cap. 
$4,500 ; 1 flouring m., 4 grist m., 3 saw m., 2 oil 
m. Cap. in manufac. $7,775. 2 sch. 53 scho- 
lars. Pop. 1,259. 

Warwick, t., Lancaster co.. Pa., 9 n. Lancas- 
ter. The surface is rolling ; soil, calcareous loam, 
clay, and gravel. Drained by Great Chiques, 
Hanmer, Cocalico, and Marovia creeks. It has 
12 stores, ca]». $5,000 ; 4 tanneries, 6 distilleries, 
1 brewery, 1 pottery, 2 flouring m., 10 grist m., 
7 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $33,346. 
1 acad. 104 students, 1 sch. 35 scholars. Pop. 
3,725. 

Warwick, p-v., Cecil co., Md., 15 s. Elkton, 
73 N. N. E. Annapolis, 107 W. 

Warwick, t., Tuscarawas co., O., 7 south- 
wardly New Philadelphia, and contains Trenton 
V. It has 4 stores, cap. $6,000; 1 tannery, 1 
flouring m., 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 oil m. C^ap. 
in manufac. $14,400. 7 sch. 320 scholars. Pop. 
864. 

Warwick, p-v., capital of Warwick co., Va., 
79 E. s. E. Richmond, 194 W. It contains a court 
house, jail, 1 store, and a few dwellings, and 
about 25 inhabitants. 

Washbourn Prairie, p-o., Barry co., Mo., 
220 s. w. Jefferson City, 1,135 W. 

Washburnville, p-o., Macomb t., St. Law- 
rence CO., N. Y., 18S N. N. w. Albany, 457 W. 

Washington, county, 3Ie. Situated in the 
s. E. part of the state, and contains 3,500 sq. ms. 
St. Croix r. separates it from New Brunswick on 
ti)e E., and the Atlantic bounds it on the s. 
Drained by Machias, Pleasant, and Narraquagus 
rivers. It abounds with lakes and ponds. ,^ Tlie 
Schoodic lakes are a collection of several wliich 
are extensive. The Atlantic shore is indented 
witii numerous bays, affording many fine harbors. 
Capital, Machias. 'There were in 1840, neat cat- 
tle 12,021, sheep 20,561, swine 4,827; wheat 
20,871 bush, produced, rye 2,624, Ind. corn 394, 
buckwheat 3,218, barley 5,914, oats 22,111, pota- 
toes 410,868, sugar 1,338 pounds; 3 commercial 
houses, cap. $370,000; 168 stores, cap. $460,165; 
16 lumber yards, cap. $98,300 ; 50,000 bush, do- 
mestic salt produced ; 3 fulling m., 1 furnace, 14 
tanneries, 30 grist in., 159 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $726,214. 2 acad. 191 students, 211 sch 
9,273 scholars. Pop. 28,327. 

Washington, county, R. I. Situated in the 
s. part of the state, and contains 367 sq. ms. 
The Atlantic bounds it on the .s., and Narragan- 
set bay on the e. Drained by Pawcatuck r. and 
its branches, the principal of which are Wood 
and Charles rivers, which afford good water 
power. Tlie surface is moderately uneven ; soil, 
a strong gravelly loam, well adapted to grazing. 
It has several good harbors. Capital, North 
Kingston. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
10,741, sheep 35,136, swine 8,399; wheat 1,428 
bush, produced, rye 6,267, Ind. corn 1)3,591, 
buckwheat 446, barley 12,590, oats &},'Sn, pota- 
toes 257,731 ; 80 stores, cap. $114,2.50 ; 6 lumber 



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J^ards, cap §14,300; 16 fulling m., 23 woollen 
lac, 23 cotton fac. 23,666 sp., 10 tanneries, 28 
gi'ist m., 21 saw m., 1 printing otfice. Cap. in 
rnanufac. $771,610. 6 acad. 270 students, I'J sch. 
742 scholars. Pop. 14,324. 

Washington, county, Vt. Situated near the 
centre of the state, and contains 425 sq. ms. The 
surface is very uneven ; soil, generally fertile. 
Drained by Onion, or Winooski r., and numerous 
branches. Organized in 1810, by the name of 
Jerterson county, which was changed to Wash- 
ington in 1814. Tlie road from Lake Champlain 
through 3Iontpelier to Connecticut river, though 
passing tiirough tlie Green mountains, has few 
heavy hills, though the mountains tower on its 
sides. Capital, Montpelier. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 25,413, sheep 110,872, swine 12,150; 
wheat 44,110 bush, produced, rye 5,763, Indian 
corn 63,108, buckwlieat 23,066, barley 4,028, oats 
200,294, potatoes 698,745, hops 7,859 pounds, su- 
gar 451.348; 45 stores, cap. $216,750; 1 furnace, 
32 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 10 tanneries, 6 flour- 
ing m., 36 grist m., 85 saw m., 5 oil m., 1 paper 
fac, 6 printing offices, 1 periodical, 2 daily, 6 
weekly newspapers. ( 'ap. in rnanufac. $464,252. 

2 acad. 231 students, 196 schools 6,866 scholars. 
Pop. 23,506. 

VV.\sniNGT0N, county, N. Y. Situated in the 
E. toward the N. part of the state, and contains 
807 sq. miles. Hudson r. bounds it on the w., 
Lake George on the N. w., and the s. part of 
Lake Champlain partly on the e. The surface 
is hilly on the n., undulating on the s. ; soil, gene- 
rally warm and productive. Watered by lloo- 
sick and Battenkill rs., flowing into Hudson r., 
and Pawlet and Poultney rs. and Wood cr., flow- 
ing into Lake Champlain. The Champlain canal 
passes through the county, terminating n. at 
VVhiteliall on the lake. Capitals, Sandy Hill 
and Salem. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
39,159, sheep 210,610, swine 27,668 ; wheat 
49,189 bush, produced, rye 136,510, Indian corn 
297,405, buckwheat 32,612, barley 9,569, oats 
448,064, potatoes 851,545, sugar 4,246 pounds ; 
140 stores, cap. $427,900; 1 furnace, 3 forges, 15 
lullmg m., 13 woollen tac, 2 cotton fac. 3,141 sp., 
19 tanneries, 1 powder m., 2 potteries, 2 flouring 
m., 31 grist m., 93 saw m., 4 printing offices, 4 
weekly newspapers. Cap. in rnanufac $257,718. 
10 acad. 482 students, 205 schools 7,526 scholars. 
Pop. 41,080. 

Washington, county. Pa. Situated in the s. 
w. part of the stale, and contains l,00i) sq. miles. 
Monongahela r. bounds it on the e.. by branches 
of which, and by Racoon and Buffalo and other 
creeks, it is drained. The surface is elevated, 
uneven, and broken ; soil, fertile. Bituminous 
coal is abimdant. Capital, Washington. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 35,344, sheep 222,631, 
swuie 54,285 ; wlieat 666,200 bushels produced, 
rye 38,157, Ind. corn 653,692, buckwheat 29,368, 
barley 11,913, oats 1,86;,52«, potatoes 5S1,509, 
sugar 56,032 pounds; 120 stores, cap. .$481,«0(); 

3 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 30 tanneries, 18 dis- 
tilleries, 2 glass fac, 2 potteries, 2 printing offices, 
2 weekly newspapers, 25 flouring m., 66 grist m., 
72 saw m. Cap. in rnanufac $279,005. 2 col- 
leges, 349 students, 6 acad. 175 students, 170 sch. 
6,490 scholars. Pop. 41,279. 

Washington, county, Md. Situated toward 
the w. part of the state, and contains 440 sq. ms 
Potomac r. bounds it on the s. and s. w. Drained 
by Antictam, Conecocheague, and other creeks, 
flowing into the Potomac. The surface is partly 
mountainous and broken ; soil, fertile, particular- 
ly in the valleys and on the streams. Capital, 
llagerstown. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
88 



15,841, sheep 15,798, .swine 36,418; wheat 668,787 
bush, produced, rye 111,829, Ind. corn 655,041, 
buckwheat 1,864, barley 268, oats 436,864, pota- 
toes 75,783 ; 2 commission houses, cap. $4,000 ; 
V6 stores, cap. $360,250. 1 furnace, 2 forges, 7 
fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 20 tanneries, 16 distil- 
leries, 3 breweries, 3 potteries, 1 rope factory, 52 
flouring m., 9 grist m., 43 saw m., 1 oil m., 6 
printing offices, 5 weekly newspapers. Cap. in 
rnanufac. $421,188. 2 acad. 95 students, 53 sch. 
1,823 scholars. Pop. whites 24,724, slaves 2,336, 
free col'd 1,580; total, 28,850. 

W^ASiiiNGTON, county, Va. Situated in the s. 
w. part of the state, and contains 764 sq. miles. 
Drained by New r., and branches of Great Ka- 
nawha r., and by branches of Clinch r. The 
Blue Ridge runs on its n. w. border. The surface 
is mostly valleys between itiountain ridges ; soil, 
fertile in the valleys. Capital, Abingdon. There 
were in 1H40, neat cattle 13,810, sheep 18,530, 
swine 32,450 ; wheat 106,750 but..hels produced, 
rye 8,116, Indian corn 397,476, buckwheat 4,236, 
barley 1,168, oats 295,770, potatoes 60,180, sugar 
62,740 pounds ; 9 stores, cap. $304,000 ; 9 tanner- 
ies, 103 distilleries, 2 powder m., 40 grist m., 36 
saw m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. 
Cap. in manufac. $43,3S1. 1 college 150 students, 
18 sch. 551 scholars. Pop. whites 11,731, slaves 
2,058, free col'd 212; total, 13,001. 

Washington, county, i\. C. Situated in the 
E. part of the state, and contains 360 sq. ms. Ro- 
anoke r. and Albemarle sound bound it on the n. 
The surface is level, low, and in part swampy. 
Phelps lake lies in its e. part. Capital, Plymouth. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 2,928, sheep 2,125, 
swine 9,319; wheat 8,707 bush, produced, rye 
165, Ind. corn 155,023, oats 4,349, potatoes 19,672, 
rice 6,051) pounds, cotton 79,925 ; 1 commercial 
and 2 conmiission houses, cap. $32,000 ; 13 stores, 
cap. $62,000 ; 13 distilleries, 3 flouring m., 4 grist 
m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $33,700. 2 sch. 
38 scholars. Pop. whites 2,639, slaves 1,727, free 
col'd 159 ; total, 4,525. 

Washington, county, Ga. Situated E. of the 
centre of the state, and contains 760 square ms. 
Ogeechee r. bounds it on the n. e., and Oconee 
r. on the s. w., by branches of which it is drain- 
ed. The soil is various, but generally indiff'erent. 
Capital, Sander.vville. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 10,8d6, sheep 4,439, swine 26,426; wheat 
2t),066 bushels produced, rye 1,274, Indian corn 
298,747, oats 2,639, potatoes 15,677, cotton 
1,190,770 pounds ; 17 stores, cap. $43,(X)0 ; 29 dis- 
tilleries, 2 flouring m., 18 grist m., 11 saw m. Cap. 
in manuf;ic. $18,600. 5 acad. 153 students, 8 sell. 
108 scholars. Pop. whites 5,962, slaves 4,566, free 
col'd 37 ; total, 10,565. 

Washinciton, county, Flor. Situated toward 
the w. part of the territory, and contains 1,500 
.s(|. ms. The Gulf of ."Mexico bounds it on the s. 
w., and Choctawhatchee r. on the w., by branch- 
es of which, and by Econliiia r., it is drained. It 
contains the line bay of 8t. Andrews, on the 
banks of which is a large amount of live oak. 
'i'lie soil along the seashore is generally poor, but 
there is some good land in the county. Capi- 
tal, Roche's Blutr. There were in 1340, neat 
cattle 4,601, sheep 52, swine 2,637; Indian corn 
24,965 bush, produced, potatoes 5,365, rice 2,100 
pounds, cotton 176,120, sugar 4,170; 5 grist m., 
3 acad. 52 students, 5 schools 108 scholars. Pop. 
wliites 504, slaves 353, free col'd 2 ; total, 859. 

Washington, county, Ala. Situated toward 
the s. w. part of the state, and contains 810 sq. 
miles. Tombigbee river bounds it on the e., by 
branches of which, and by Escatawpa creek, it 
is drained. Capital, Barryton. There were in 



WAS 



698 



WAS 



1840, neat cattle 20,361, sheep 2,221, swine 
14,083 ; wheat 386 bush, produced, rye 360, Ind. 
corn 152,049, barley 28, oats 2,383, potatoes 
23,934, cotton 355,748 pounds ; 8 stores, capital 
$14,900 ; 2 tanneries, 2 potteries, 10 grist m., 4 
saw m., 14 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $33,500. 12 
schools 201 scholars. Pop. whites 2,843, slaves 
2,431, free col'd 23 ; total, 5,300. 

Washington, county. Miss. Situated in the 
w. part of the state, and contains 2,420 sq. miles. 
Mississippi r. bounds it on the w., and Yazoo r. 
partly on the E. Drained by Sunflower r. and 
its branches. Capital, Princeton. There were 
produced in 1840, cotton 15,100,400 pounds. Pop. 
whites 654, slaves 6,627, free colored 6 ; total, 
7,287. 

Washington, parish, La. Situated in the e. 
part of the state, and contains 792 sq. ms. Pearl 
r. bounds it on the e., and Tangiapao r. runs on 
its w. border. Drained by Boguechitto and Chi- 
functe rs. The soil is generally sterile, covered 
with pine. Cotton is produced. Capital, Frank- 
linton. There were in 1840, neat cattle 9,000, 
sheep 1,050, swine 14,250 ; Ind. com 98,790 bush, 
produced, oats 59,000, potatoes 9,850, rice 251,250 
poimds, cotton 375,200; 8 stores, cap. $40,000; 
1 cotton fac. 6 sp., 1 tannery, 11 grist m., 13 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $245,575. 2 acad. 70 stu- 
dents, 2 schools 50 scholars. Pop. whites 1,856, 
slaves 791, free col'd 2 ; total, 2,649. 

Washington, county, Tenn. Situated in the 
E. part of the state, and contains 590 square ms. 
Drained by Nolachucky r. and its branches. A 
branch of Holston river runs on its n. e. border. 
Capital, Joncsboro'. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 9,663, sheep 12,032, swine 70,526 ; wheat 
121,424 bushels produced, rye 3,082, Indian corn 
330,599, oats 165,758, potatoes 13,936, tobacco 
15,162 pounds; 18 stores, cap. $130,500; 2 fur- 
naces, 8 forges, 11 tanneries, 56 dislilleries, 6 
flouring m., 27 grist m., 28 saw m., 3 oil m., 2 
printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in 
manufac. $18,595. 1 college 10 students, 1 acad. 
34 students, 18 sch. 380 scholars. Pop. whites 
10,600, slaves 915, free col'd 236; total, 11,751. 

Washingion, county, Ky. Situated a little 
N. of the centre of the state, and contains 475 sq. 
ms. Chaplin's fork of Salt r. runs on its n. bor- 
der, by branches of which it is drained. Capital, 
Springfield. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
5,955, sheep 9,966, swine 28,200 ; wheat 27,350 
bush, produced, rye 21,433, Indian corn 281,730, 
oats 28,720, potatoes 7,088, tobacco 72,000 pounds ; 
16 stores, cap. $37,900 ; 6 tanneries, 29 distiller- 
ies, 11 breweries, 2 flouring m., 30 grist m., 7 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $15,012. 1 acad. 80 stu- 
dents, 22 sch. 636 scholars. Pop. whites 7,900, 
slaves 2,658, free col'd 38; total, 10,596. 

WashingtOiN, county, O. Situated in the s. 
E. partof tlie state, and contains 713 square miles. 
Ohio r. runs on its whole s. e. border. Drained 
by Jluskingum and Little Muskingum rivers, and 
Duck, WoUi Little llockhocking, Cat's, and Bear 
creeks. The surface is hilly and broken, except- 
ing alluvial tracts on the Ohio and 31uskingum 
rivers ; soil, adapted to grazing and to fruit. Salt 
and iron ore have been found. Bituminous coal 
is abundant on the Big and Little Muskingum rs., 
and on the latter carburetted hydrogen gas issues 
in many places, which is easily ignited, and burns 
for several successive days. It was the first or- 
ganized county in the state. Capital, Marietta. 
There were hi 1810, neat cattle 12,122, sheep 
34,790, swine 17,399 ; wheat 160,650 bush, pro- 
duced, Ind. corn 320,471, buckwheat 1,454, oats 
147,210, potatoes 98,362, tobacco 11,390 pounds, 
sugar 11,996; 58 stores, cap. $99,587; 2 fulling 



m., 10 tanneries, 4 distilleries, 1 flouring m., 41 
grist m., 60 saw m., 1 oil m., 3 printing offices, 3 
weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $148,055. 
1 college 100 students, 1 acad. 53 students, 107 
sch. 4,476 scholars. Pop. 20,823. 

Washington, county, la. Situated toward the 
s. part of the state, and contains 540 sq. ms. The 
surface is diversified ; soil, fertile, and easy of 
cultivation. Muscatatack r. runs on its n. bound- 
ary. Drained by Blue r., and Rush, Twin, De- 
lany, and Elk crs. The macadamized road from 
New Albany to Crawfordsville, is located through 
the county. Organized in 1813. Capital, Salem. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 10,434, sheep, 
17,247, swine 21,621 ; wheat 52,508 bushels pro- 
duced, rye 1,830, Ind. corn 164,401, oats 50,047, 
potatoes 10,751, tobacco 71,161 pounds ; 30 stores, 
cap. $61,000 : 2 cotton fac. 564 sp., 22 tanneries, 
8 flouring m., 32 grist m., 37 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 
printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in 
manufac. $105,575. 2 acad. 96 students, 19 sch. 
519 scholars. Pop. whites 15,076, colored 193; 
total, 15,269. 

Washington, county. 111. Situated toward 
the .s. part of the state, and contains 6.56 sq. ms. 
Kaskaskia r. runs on its n. w. boundary. Drain- 
ed by Elkhorn, Beaucoup, and Muddy creeks. 
The surface is level and wet ; soil, indifferent. 
It has considerable prairie in its s. part. Capital, 
Nashville. There were in 184(3, neat cattle 
10,360, sheep 5,300, swine 18,990 ; wheat 28,540 
bush, produced, Ind. corn 272,990, oats 61,080, 
potatoes 7,175; 5 stores, cap. $56,000. Cap. iu 
manufactures $930. 14 sch. 299 scholars. Pop. 
4,810. 

Washington, county. Wis. Situated in the 
E. part of the territory, and contains 675 sq. ms. 
Michigan lake bounds it on the e. Drained by 
Milwaulvie and Menomonee rs. Capital, Wash- 
ington. There were in 1810, neat cattle 277, 
sheep 1, swine 28S ; wheat 182 bush, produced, 
Indian corn 55S, oats 165, potatoes 2,150, sugar 
4,659 pounds ; 3 saw m. Cap. in manufactures 
$2,500. 1 sch. 7 scholars. °op. 343. 

Washington, county, lo 'a. Situated in the 
w. toward the s. part of t' e territory, and con- 
tains 648 sq. ms. Drained .jy Iowa r., and Long 
and Crooked crs., and by a branch of Checauque 
or Skimk r. The climate is healthy ; soil, fer- 
tile. Capital, Washington. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 600, sheep 39, swine 864 ; wheat 
2,210 bush, produced, Indian corn 100,055, oats 
2,155, potatoes 1,357 ; 5 stores, capital $3,900 ; 2 
saw m. Pop. 1,594. 

Washington, county. Mo. Situated toward 
the s. E. part of the state, and contains 820 sq. 
miles. The surface is hilly and broken; soil, in 
.some parts, fertile. Watered by Big river and its 
tributaries, which afford water power, and by 
head branches of Big Black and St. Francis rs. 
It contains the celebrated " Iron mountain," 
which is a mass of magnetic iron ore, so pure in 
quality as to yield from 70 to 80 per cent, under 
the ordinary process of converting ore into mal- 
leable iron. Capital, Potosi. There were in 
1810, neat cattle 9,573, sheep 5,618, swine 19,420 ; 
wheat 34,933 bush, produced, Ind. corn 268,285, 
buckwheat 3,860, oats 50,344, potatoes 4,748, to- 
bacco 5,448 pounds, sugar 10,227 ; 16 stores, cap. 
$76,100; 1 furnace, 1 forge, 3 tanneries, 1 distil- 
lery, 1 pottery, 5 grist m., 4 saw m. Capital in 
manufac. $28,650. 1 acad. 83 students, 15 sch. 
339 scholars. Pop. whites 6,248, slaves 923, free 
col'd 42; total, 7,231. 

Washington, county. Ark. Situated in the 
N. w. part of the state, and contains 9tX) sq. ms. 
Ozark mountains lie on its n. border. Drained 



WAS 



699 



WAS 



by a head branch of White r. Capital, Fayette- 
ville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 1 1,734, 
sheep 7,947, swine 35,829 ; wheat 16,384 bushels 
produced, Ind. corn 380,490, oats 47,368, potatoes 
24,264, tobacco 6,070 pounds, cotton 18,685 ; 32 
stores, cap. $273,200 ; 1 cotton fac. 84 sp., 9 tan- 
neries, 7 distilleries, 4 floiiring m., 12 grist m., 8 
saw m., 1 printing office. Cap. in manufactures 
$63,610. 2 acad. 75 students, 13 sch. 358 schol- 
ars. Pop. whites 6,246, slaves 883, free colored 
19; total, 7,148. 

W.\sHiNGT0N, p-t., Lincoln co.. Me., 31 e. Au- 
gusta, 619 W. Drained by branches of Daraa- 
riscotta and Muscongus rivers. It contains a 
number of ponds. Incorporated in 1811, by the 
name of Putnam. It has 2 stores, cap. $4,000 ; 1 
tannery, 2 grist m., 5 saw m. Cfip. in manufac. 
$2,350. 12 sch. 645 scholars. Pop. l,6lX>. 

Washington, p-t., Sullivan co., N. H., 33 w. 
Concord, 473 W. Suiiapee mountain lies in its 
N. part. Drained by head branches of Ashuelot 
and Contoocook rivers, issuing from ponds. Long 
pond, in its s. part, is a considerable body of wa 
ter. Incorporated in 1766. It has 3 stores, cap 
$8,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 6 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $3,557. 4 sch. 363 scholars. 
Pop. 1,103. 

WASiirNGTON, p-t.. Orange co., Vt., 15 s. e. 
Montpelier, 512 W. Watered by jail branch of 
Winooski or Onion r., and by branches of Wait's 
and White rivers. The soil is generally fertile, 
and adapted to grain and to grazmg. It contains 
2 churches, and has a small v. on .Tail branch. 
Chartered by New York, in 1780, by the name of 
Kingland. There are in the t., 3 stores, capital 
$6,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 5 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $5,750. 20 sch. 517 scholars. Pop. 
1,359. 

Washington, p-t., Berkshire co., Mass., 128 w. 
Boston, 392 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, 
well adapted to grazing. W'atered by branches ol 
Westfield and Housatonic rivers. It contains a 
Methodist church in its e. part. The Springfield 
and Albany railroad passes through it. It has 1 
grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,900. 8 
sch. 184 scholars. Pop. 991. 

Washington, p-t., Litchfield co., Ct., 47 w. s. 
w. Hartford, 320 W. The surface is elevated ; 
soil, adapted to grazing. W'atered by Shepaug 
r., a branch of Housatonic r. The principal v., 
on Shepaug r., contains a Congregational, an 
Episcopal, and a 3Iethodist church. Alarble, iron, 
ore, and limestone are found. Incorporated in 
1779. There are in the t. 6 stores, cap. $21,500; 
2 fulling m., 1 cotton fac. 1,664 sp., 1 furnace, 3 
forges, 1 tannery, 2 distillerie.s, 3 grist m., 7 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $25,050. 1 acad., 20 stu- 
dents, 10 sch. 418 scholars. Pop. 1,622. 

Washington, p-t., Dutchess co., N. Y., 12 e. 
Poughkeepsie, 79 s. by e. Albany, 314 W. The 
surface is rolling and hilly ; soil, gravel, clay, 
and calcareous loam, well cultivated and pro- 
ductive. Drained by W^appinger's cr., and a 
branch of Ten Mile cr. Malteawan mountains 
lie in its e. part. It has 6 stores, cap. .$17,500 ; 3 
cotton fac. 1,848 sp., 2 tanneries, 2 flouring m., 3 
grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $157,-100. 
8 sch. 326 scholars. Pop. 2,833. 

Washington, t., Bergen co., N. J. It has 
Hackensack r. on the e., and Saddle r. on the w. 
boundary It has 6 stores, cap. §7,900 ; 3 tan- 
neries, 1 distillery, 6 grist m., 14 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $5,200. 4 sch. 135 scholars. Pop. 
1,833. 

W^ASHiNGTO.v, t., Burlmgton co., N. J., 22 s. 
Woodbury. The surface is level ; soil, sandy. 
Drained by Little Egg Harbor r. and its branches. I 



It has 4 stores, cap. $10,000 ; 2 furnaces, 1 paper 
fac, 5 grist m., 8 saw. Cap. in manufactures 
$76,000. 8 sch. 470 scholars. Pop. 1,630. 

Washington, t. Gloucester co., N. J., 12 w. 
Woodbury. The surface i.s level ; soil, sandy, 
mixed with some loam, and light. Drained by 
Pensauken and Cooper's creeks, and several 
branches of Atsion r. Shell marl is found in the 
neighborhood of Long-a-coming v. It contains 
an Episcopal church. It has 6 stores, capital 
$4,800 ; 1 woollen fac, 1 glass house, 1 grist m., 
8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $104,250. 4 sch. 
131 scholars. Pop. 1,545. 

Washington, t., Morris co., N. J., 18 w. 3ror- 
ristown. The surface is mountainous, having 
Schooley's mountain in its w. part, near the s. E. 
border it is hilly; soil, fertile, with good cultiva- 
tion. Drained by tlie s. branch of Raritan r. The 
mineral springs and hotels on Schooley's moun- 
tain are a favorite summer resort. The v. is sit- 
uated on the s. branch of Uaritan r., and contains 
1 Presbyterian and 1 Lutheran church, 1 store, 
and about 20 dwellings. There are in the t. 17 
stores, cap. $77,300; 3 lumberyards, cap. $20,000; 

1 forge, 1 tannery, 1 brewery, 4 flouring m., 6 
grist m., 8 saw m., 4 oil m. Cap. in manufac. 
$127,900. 15 sch. 753 scholars. Pop. 2,451. 

Washington, p-b., capital of Washington co., 
Pa., 209 w. Harrisburg, 236 W. It contains a 
court house, jail, 4 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 
Associate Reformed, 1 3Ielhodist Episcopal, and I 
Cumberland Presbyterian — a female seminary, a 
number of stores, a steam woollen fac, and 2,062 
inhabitants. It is the seat of Washington Col- 
lege, founded as an academy in 1787, ciis: ered 
as a college in 1806, has a president and 5 pro- 
fessors or other instructors, 224 alumni, 59 stu- 
dents, and 3,300 vols, in its libraries. The com- 
mencement is on the last Wednesday in Sep- 
tember. It has 23 stores, cap. $73,400 ; 1 tan- 
nery, 1 pottery, 2 printing offices, 2 weekly news- 
papers, 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $42,450. 1 
college, 159 students, 1 acad. 100 students, 7 sch. 
300 scholars. Pop. 2,062. 

Washi.ngton, t., Luzerne co.. Pa. It has 2 
stores, cap. $5,500 ; 1 fulling m., 2 grist m., 5 saw 
in. Cap. in manufac. $12,400. 4 sch. 128 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,255. 

Washington, t., Berks co.. Pa. It has 4 stores, 
cap. $9,000 ; 1 forge, 1 tannery, 4 grist m., 3 oil 
m. Cap. in manufac. $1,000. Pop. 1,210. 

Washingto.v, t., Franklin co.. Pa., lis. w. 
Chambersburg. South Mountain covers the E. 
boundary. Drained' by 2 branches of Antictam 
cr. It has 7 stores, cap. $48,500 ; 2 fulling m., 2 
woollen fac, 3 tanneries, 7 distilleries, 1 brewery, 

2 potteries, 6 flouring m., 1 grist m., 14 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. .$39,800. 10 sch. 310 scholars. 
Pop. 2,404. 

Washington, t., Y'ork co.. Pa. It has 3 store.s, 
cap. $6,000 ; 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 pottery, 
4 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $22,550. 
Pop. 1,226. 

Washington, t., Fayette co.. Pa. It has 9 
stores, cap. $25,,500 ; 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 
1 paper fac, 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $12,235. 4 .sch. 160 scholars. Pop. 1,515. 

Washington, t., Cambria co.. Pa. Drained 
by a branch of Kiskiminctas cr. It has 5 sto/es, 
cap. ."s 15,000 ; 1 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac §4,100. 6 sch. 210 scholars. Pop. 1,266. 

W^-vshington, t., Erie co.. Pa. Drained by 
head branches of French cr. It has 2 saw m. 
Cap. in manidiic. $13,500. 15 sch. 7t)0 scholars. 
Pop. 1,551. 

'VVashington, t, Greene co., Pa. Drained by 
branches of Ten Mile cr. It has 3 distilleries, '2 



WAS 



700 



WAS 



grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,180. 7 
sch. 155 scholars. Pop. 936. 

Washington, t., Indiana cc, Pa. The sur- 
face is hilly ; soil, clay. Drained by Crooked 
cr. and its branches, and by Plum cr. It has 3 
stores, cap. $3,700 ; 2 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 5 
grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $14,375. 1 
sch. 50 scholars. Pop. 1,893. 

Washington, t., Jefferson co., Pa. It has 1 
grist m., 1 saw m. Pop. 367. 

Washington, t., Westmoreland co.. Pa., 16 n. 
Greensburg. The surface is mountainous ; soil, 
calcareous loam and clay, and some of it fertile. 
Drained by White Deer Hole and Black Hole 
creeks. It has 4 stores, cap. $3,000 ; 5 grist m., 
7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $11,500. 10 sch. 
300 scholars. Pop. 2,004. 

Washington City, Dist. of Columbia, the 
capital of the United States, is situated on the e. 
side of the Potomac, 295 miles from the ocean, 
by the course of the river and bay, and is in 3S° 
32' 51" N. lat. and 77° I' 48" w. Ion. from Green- 
wich. It is 38 miles s. w. from Baltimore ; 136 
from Philadelphia; 225 from New York; 432 
from Boston ; 856 from St. Louis ; 544 from 
Charleston, S. C. ; 662 from Savannah, Ga. ; 
1,203 from New Orleans. The population in 
1800, was 3,210; in 1810, 8,208; in 1820. 13,217; 
in 1830, 18,827 ; in 1840, 23,364. Employed in 
commerce, 103 ; in manufactures and trades, 8S6 ; 
navigating the ocean, 45 ; do. rivers and canals, 
25 ; learned professions, 83. 

The city stands on a point of land between the 
Potomac and the Anacostia or Eastern branch. 
The city contains a little over 8 square miles, 
and upwards of 5,000 acres. The ground is in 
general about 40 feet above the level of the river, 
and there are some moderate elevations, on two of 
Vvfhich stand the Capitol and the President's house. 
The city is regularly laid out in streets running 
north and south, and crossed by others at right 
angles, running east and west. But the differ- 
ent parts of the city are connected by broad ave- 
nues, which traverse the rectangular divisions, 
diagonally. Where the intersection of these 
avenues with each other and with the streets 
would form many acute angles, considerable 
rectangular or circular open grounds are left, 
which, when the city shall be built up, will give 
it an open appearance. The avenues and streets 
leading to public places are from 120 to 160 feet 
wide, and the other streets are from 70 to 110 
feet wide. The avenues are named after the 
states of the Union, and the other streets, begin- 
ning at the Capitol, are denoted by the letters of 
the alphabet, as A. north and A. south, B. nortli 
and B. south, &c.; and east and west, they are 
designated by numbers, as 1st east, 1st west, &c. 
Pennsylvania avenue, between the Capitol and 
the President's house, contains the most dense 
population, and is much the finest street in the 
city. Five of the avenues radiate from the Capi- 
tol, and five oliiers from the President's house, 
giving these prominent places the most ready 
communication with all parts of the city. The 
buildings of Washington consist of scattered 
clusters ; nor is it probable tliat the magnificent 
plan of the city will soon be built up. Three 
things are requisite to sustain a large city, one of 
■which, it is to be hoped, will never be found in 
the United States. There must be extensive 
commer L'e, or manufactures, or an expensive and 
luxurious court, with the multitudes which a lux- 
urious court draws around it, to expend their 
money. This last constitutes a great item in the 
support of some European cities. Washington 
cannot be expected to become a very great com- 



mercial or manufacturing place ; and though the 
chief men of the government, and the national 
legislature, and the multitudes whom they draw 
around them, do much toward the prosperity ot' 
Washington, the money thus expended is loo 
small in amount to constitute a main reliance of 
a large city. Baltimore, in the vicinity, will be 
likely to .<;urpass Washington in commerce and 
manufactures, for a long time to come. The 
growth of Washington, however, has been con- 
siderably extensive, and it is continually increas- 
ing; and probably the bustle of a large city 
would not much improve it as a seat for the na- 
tional congress. It enjoys the two important 
requisites for health, pure air and good water, 
and there is much elegant and refined society, 
rendering it a pleasant place of residence. 

The public buildings of Washington have a 
splendor becoming a great nation. The Capitol 
is probably the finest senate house in the world, 
and it is fit that the most august legislative as- 
sembly on earth should be thus accommodated. 
The ground on which the Capitol stands is ele- 
vated 73 feet above the level of the tide, and af- 
fords a commanding view of the different parts of 
the city, and of the surrounding country. The 
building, which is of freestone, covers an area 
of more than an acre and a half; the length of 
the front is 352 feet, including the wings ; the 
depth of the wings is 121 feet. The centre build- 
ing is surmoimted by a lofty dome ; and there are 
2 less elevated domes, one toward each end. A 
projection on the east or main front, including the 
steps, is 65 feet wide ; and another on the west 
front, with tlie steps, is 83 feet wide. In the pro- 
jection on the east front, there is a noble portico 
of 22 lofty Corinthian columns ; and in the west 
front there is a portico of 10 Corinthian columns. 
The height of the building to the top of the dome 
is 120 feet. Under the dome in the middle of the 
building is *he Rotundo, a circular room 95 feet in 
diameter, and of the same height, adorned with 
sculptures representing in relief Smith delivered 
by Pocahontas, the Pilgrims landing at Plymouth, 
Penn treating with the natives, and a fight of 
Boone with the Indians ; and 4 magnificent paint- 
ings by Trumbull, with figures as large as life, 
representing the presentation to Congress of the 
Declaration of Independence, the capture of Bur- 
goyne, the surrender of Cornwallis, and Wash- 
ington resigning his commission to Congress. 
Another painting, the baptism of Pocahontas, by 
Chapman, has recently been added. The Ro- 
tundo has recently received a splendid additional 
ornament in Greenough's statue of Washington, 
a colos.sal figure in a sitting posture, twice as 
large as life. On the west of the Rotundo is the 
Library room of Congress, 92 feet by 34, and is 
36 feet in height, containing, in arched alcoves, 
20,000 volumes. In the second story of the south 
wing of the Capitol is the flail of the House of 
Representatives, of a semi-circular form, 96 feet 
long and 60 high, with a dome supported by 21 
beautiful columns of variegated marble from the 
Potomac, with capitals of Italian marble, of the 
Corinthian order. The circular wall is surround- 
ed by a gallery for men, and the chord of the 
arc, back of the Speaker's chair, has a gallery for 
the ladies. The room is ornamented with some 
fine statuary and paintings, and the whole furni- 
ture of it is elegant. The Senate Chamber is in 
the second story of the north wing of the Capitol, 
and is semi-circular like that of the Representa- 
tives, but smaller, being 75 feet long and 45 feet 
high. 1'he Vice-president's chair is canopied by 
a rich crimson drapery, held by the talons of a 
1 hovering eagle. A gallery of light bronze run- 



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ning round the arc in front of the Vice-president's 
chair, is mainly appropriated to ladies. There is 
another gallery above and behind the chair, sup- 
ported by fine Ionic columns of variegated mar- 
ble. A magnificent chandelier hangs in the cen- 
tre of the room, and the whole appearance and 
furniture of the room are splendid. Below the 
Senate Chamber, and of nearly the same form 
and dimensions, but much less elegant, is the 
room of the Supreme Court of the United States ; 
and tiiere are in the buildmg 70 rooms for the ac- 
commodation of committees and officers of Con- 
gress. The grounds around the Capitol are spa- 
cious, containing 22 acres, highly ornamented 
with gravelled walks, shrubbery, and trees, a 
naval monument ornamented with statuary, and 
fountains, and the whole is enclosed by a hand- 
some iron railing. The whole cost of the build- 
ing has exceeded $2,000,000. 

The President's house, a mile and a half n. w. 
from the Capitol, is an elegant edifice of freestone, 
2 stories liigh, with a lofty basement, and is 170 
feet long and 86 wide, the n. front of which is 
ornamented with a fine portico of 4 lofty Ionic 
columns, projecting with 3 columns. The outer 
intercolumniation is for carriages to drive tmder, 
to place company under shelter. It stands in the 
centre of a plat of groimd of 20 acres, beautifully 
laid out and highly ornamented. It is elevated 
44 feet above tide-water, and the southern front 
presents a grand and beautiful prospect. The 
apartments within are admirably fitted to their 
purpose, and splendidly furnished. On the E. 
side of the President's house are two large build- 
ings, and on the w. side two large buildings ibr 
the departments of State, of the Treasury, of 
War, and of the Navy. The General Post-Office 
and the Patent-Office are also extensive build- 
ings. These, with the new Treasury building, 
have been recently erected, to supply the place 
of those which were burned a few years since. 
The new Treasury building contains 150 rooms, 
and when completed, will contain 250. It has a 
splendid colonnade, 457 feet in length. The Gen- 
eral Post-Office contains about 80 rooms, and is 
of the Corinthian order, with columns and pilas- 
ters, on a rustic base. The Patent-Office, in ad- 
dition to other spacious apartments, has one room 
in the upper story 275 feet by 65, and when com- 
pleted by wings, according to tlie original design, 
will be upwards of 400 feet in length. It is con- 
sidered one of tlie most splendid rooms in Ameri- 
ca, and is devoted to the grand and increasing 
collections of the national institution. The porti- 
co of this building is of the same extent as that 
of the Parthenon, at Athens, consisting of IG 
columns, in double rows, 50 feet high. In the 
war-office was formerly kept tlie fine collection 
of Indian portraits, painted from the original heads 
by King. These valuable pictures are now- in 
tlie custody, and adorn the collections of the 
National Institution, in the patent-ofTice. 

The Navy Yard is on the Eastern branch, 
about tliree fourths of a mile s. e. of the Capitol, 
and contains 27 acres. It has houses for the 
officers, and shops and warehouses, and 2 large 
ship-houses, a neat armory, and every kind of 
naval stores. Several ships of war, some of 
which were of the largest class, have been built 
at this yard. There are also in the city an Ar- 
senal, a City Hall, an Hospital, a Penitentiary, a 
Theatre, &c. 

Washington is separated from Georgetown by 
Rock creek, over which are 2 bridges. A sub- 
stantial pile bridge, over a mile in length, crosses 
tne Potomac, and leads to Alexandria. There is 
a bridge, also, over the Anucostia, or Eastern 



branch. This river has water of sufficient depth 
for frigates to ascend to the navy yard, without 
being hghtened. Vessels requiring 14 feet of 
water can come up to the Potomac bridge. By 
means of the Chesapeake and Ohio canal, a com- 
munication is opened with a rich back country ; 
and it may be expected tiiat the commerce of 
Washington will increase. The Washington 
canal is a continuation of this canal through the 
city. It extends from the Chesapeake and Ohio 
canal, at 17lh-street, west, to which it is connected 
by a lock at that street, to the Eastern branch. 
The canal and all the basins are walled with 
stone on both sides. From 17th to 14ih street, is 
a spacious basin, 500 feet wide ; from 14th to 6th 
street, where there is another ample basin, its 
width is 150 feet; and from 6th street to its ter- 
mination in the Fjastern branch, its width variea 
from 45 to 80 feet ; and its depth is 4 feet below 
tide throughout. At its eastern termination is 
another spacious basin and wharf, which extends 
to the channel. This canal has been greatly 
neglected, and is much out of repair. The ex- 
pense of this canal has been over $230,000. 

There were in the city in 1840, 106 stores, cap. 
$926,040 ; 6 lumber yards, cap. $.57,000 ; precious 
metals manufactured to the amount of $13,000; 
various other metals $17,300 ; 2 tanneries, cap. 
$2,000; 1 brewery, cap. .$63,000; 2 potteries, 
cap. $3,250; 1 rope-walk, 1 grist m., 11 printing 
offices, 9 binderies, 3 daily, 5 weekly, 5 semi- 
weekly newspapers, and 3 periodicals, cap. 
$149,500; 30 brick and stone, and 23 wooden 
houses built, cost $86,910. Total cap. in nianu- 
fac. $336,275. 

The Columbian College was incorporated by 
an act of Congress, in 1821. It is delightfully 
situated on elevated ground n. of the President's 
house, about '2h miles from the Capitol. The 
buildings are a college edifice, 5 stories high, in- 
cluding the basement and the attic, having 48 
rooms for students, with 2 dormitttries attached to 
each, 2 dwelling-houses, for professors, and a 
philo.sophical hall, all of brick. It has a medical 
department attached. The Medical College is 
situated at the corner of 10th and E streets, at 
equal distances from the Capitol and the Presi- 
dent's house. In the several departments are a 
president, 10 professors, and in the college pro- 
per, about 25 students. There are about 4,200 
books in its libraries. The commencement is on 
the first Wednesday of October. The whole 
number of alumni is 97. It is under the direction 
of the Baptists. 

There were in the city in 1840, 12 academies, 
with 609 students, 9 primary and common schools, 
with 3S0 scholars. 

The National Institution for the Promotion of 
Science, was organized in .'May, 1840. The Pres- 
ident of the Uruted Slates is patron ; the heads 
of departments constitute 6 directors on the part 
of the government, and 6 literary and scientific 
gentlemen are directors on the part of the institu- 
tion. Its stated monthly meetings are held in the 
patent-office building. Its collections are deposi- 
ted in the grand hall of this building, 275 feet long 
and 65 feet wide, and constitute a rapidly in- 
creasing scientific museum. The United States 
exploring expedition has added largely to its cu- 
riosities. The Historical Society and the Colum- 
bian Institute have united with it, with their 
libraries and collections. They have a valuable 
mineralogical cabinet. It 'is proposed to bring 
oiu regularly volumes of transactions. If proper- 
ly fostered, it may become an honor to the nation. 
The Union Literary Society has been in existence 
lor many years, and holds a weekly discussion 



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in the lecture room of the medical college, and 
is well attended. Sectarian religion and party 
politics are excluded from its discussions. The 
City Library contains about 6,000 volumes. 

The city contains 21 placesof worship, of which 
the Presbyterians have 4, the Episcopalians 3, 
the Baptists 3, the Methodists 3, Protestant do. 
1, Roman Catholics 3, the Africans 2, and the 
Unitarians and Friends 1 each. 

There are 2 orphan asylums. There are 3 
banks, with an aggregate capital of $1,500,000 ; 
and 2 insurance companies, with an aggregate 
capital of $450,000. 

The congressional burial ground is in the east- 
ern section of Washington, about a mile and a 
half from the Capitol, and contains about 10 acres 
of ground, near the Eastern branch. The grounds 
are tastefully laid out and neatly kept. It has 
already received a nuniber of distinguished men, 
and has some fine monuments, and a vault in 
which bodies are placed that are awaiting a re- 
moval. 

This city was fixed on as the future seat of the 
government in accordance with the suggestion 
of the great man whose name it. bears, and the 
ground on which it stands was ceded to the Uni- 
ted States in December, 1788. The owners of 
the land gave one half of it, after deducting streets 
and public squares, to the United States to defray 
the expenses of the public buildings. Such 
grounds as should be wanted by the United States 
was to be paid for at tlie rate of $66 66 cents per 
acre. It was laid out by 3 commissioners, in 
1791, and surveyed under the direction of Andrew 
Ellicot. The seatof the federal government was 
removed to this place in 1800. The north wing 
of the Capitol was commenced in 1793, and finish 
ed in 1800, at an expense of $480,202. The south 
wing was commenced in 1803, and finished in 
1808, at an expense of .$308,803. The centre 
building was commenced in 1818, and finished in 
1827, at an expense of $957,647. In August, 1814, 
Washington was captured by the British, under 
Gen. Ross, who set fire to the Capitol, the Presi- 
dent's house, and the public offices, with the 
exception of the patent-office, which was saved 
by the solicitation of its superintendent. The 
library of Congress was burned, and was after- 
wards replaced by the purchase of that of Mr. 
JefTerson, consisting of 7,000 volumes, for $23,000, 
in 1815. 

Washington, p-v., Rappahannock co., Va., 123 
N. N. w. Richmond, 75 W. Situated at the s. e. 
foot of the Blue Ridge, and contains a court house, 
jail, an academy, 1 church, free to all denomina- 
tions, 4 stores, various mechanic shops, 50 dwell- 
ings, and about 375 inhabitants. In the vicinity 
are two extensive flouring m. 

Washington, p-v., capital of Beaufort co., N. 
C, 127 E. by s. Raleigh, 313 W. Situated on the n. 
side of Tar r., at its entrance into Pamlico river, 
a branch of Pamlico sound, at the liead of ship 
navigation. Its exports and its shipping are ex- 
tensive. Tonnage, 1840, 5,401. It has a court 
house, jail, a church, several stores, and about 
1,200 inhabitants. 

Washington, p-v., capital of Wilkes co., Ga., 
50 w. N. w. Augusta, 78 n. e. Milledgeville, 570 
W. Situated on Kettle cr., a brancii of Little r. 
It contains a court house, jail, a bank, an academy, 
a masonic hall, all of brick, 3 churches — 1 Pres- 
byterian, 1 Baptist, and 1 ]VIethodist — 33 stores, a 
printing office, 75 dwellings, chiefly of wood, and 
about 800 inhabitants. 

Washington, p-v., Autauga co., Ala., 102 s. e. 
Tuscaloosa, 842 W. Situated on the n. side of 
Alabama r., 10 ms. below Montgomery. It was 



laid out in 1820, and contains a court house, of 
brick, having been formerly capital of the co., 
and a Baptist church, and about 200 inhabitants. 
It was formerly the site of a large Indian v. called 
Autauga. 

Washington, p-v., Adams co.. Miss., 6 n. e. 
Natchez, 84 s. w. Jackson, 1,104 W. Incorpora- 
ted 1 m. square, and contains an hospital and poor- 
house, of brick, 1 Baptist and 1 Methodist church, 
a female seminary, a United States land office, 
and about 400 initabitants. It is the seat of .leffer- 
son college, founded in 1802. It has a large brick 
edifice, handsomely located, capable of accom- 
modating 100 students, a fund of nearly $200,000, 
and tin annual income of about $8,000. The li- 
brary contains 1,522 vols. 

Washington, p-v., St. I^andry par., La., 223 
w. N. w. New Orleans, 1,236 W. Situated on 
the s. w. side of bayou Teche, and contains about 
125 inhabitants. 

Washington, p-v., capital of Rhea co., Tenn., 
134 E. s. E. Nashville, 566 W. Situated on the 
w. side of Tennessee r., and contains a court 
house and jail, and 110 inhabitants. 

Washington, p-v., capital of Mason co., Ky., 
77 E. s. E. Frankfort, 465 W. It contains a court 
house, jail, an academy, 4 churches, and about 
550 inhabitants. 

Washington, p-v.. Wills t., Guernsey co., O., 
85 E. Columbus, 308 W. Situated on the nation- 
al road. It contains 4 churches, 4 stores, 80 
dwellings, and about 500 inhabitants. 
Washington, t., Allen co., O. Pop. 457. 
Washington, t., Belmont co., O. Drained by 
Captina cr., which affords water power. It has 
5 sell. 142 scholars. Pop. 1,387. 

Washington, t.. Brown co., O., 12 n. e. George- 
town. It has 1 sch. 20 scholars. Pop. 848. 

Washington, t., Carroll co., O. Situated im- 
mediately N. of Carrollton. It has 1 sch. 25 scho- 
lars. Pop. 1,024. 

Washington, t., Clermont co., O. Bounded 
s. by Ohio r., and contains the villages of Neville 
and Moscow. It has 6 stores, cap. $14,050 ; 2 
tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $9,000. 10 sch. 510 scholars. Pop. 2,100. 
Washington, t., Clinton co., O. It has 1 store, 
cap. $640 ; 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 1 saw m. 8 sch. 
494 scholars. Pop. 1,170. 

Washington, t., Coshocton co., O., 12 s. e. 
Coshocton C. H. It has 1 sawm., 1 sch. 20 scho- 
lars. Pop. 1,029. 

Washington, t., Columbiana co., O. It has 4 
sch. 145 scholars. Pop. 812. 

Washington, t., Darke co., O. Bounded w. 
by la. Pop. 889. 

Washington, t., Franklin co., O. Scioto r. 
bounds it on the E. Situated in the Virginia Mil- 
itary district. It has 3 sch. 57 scholars. Pop. 843. 
Washington, t., Guernsey co., O. It has 3 
sch. 105 scholars. Pop. 1,353. 

Washington, t., Hancock co., O. It has 1 
tannery, 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,200. 7 
sch. 252 scholars. Pop. 809. 
Washington, t., Hardin co., O. Pop. 203. 
Washington, t., Harrison co., O. It contains 
Williamsport V. It has 5 sch. 211 scholars. Pop. 
1,022. 

Washington, t., Hocking co., O. It has 1 sch. 
25 scholars. Pop. 1,124. 

Washington, t.. Holmes co., O. It contains 
Nashville v. It lias 4 stores, cap. $1,425 ; 1 tan- 
nery, 3 flouring m., 3 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $21,185. 4 sch. 215 scholars. Pop. 1,461. 
Washington, t., Jackson co., O. It has 1 grist 
m., 2 saw m., 1 sch. 20 scholars. Pop. 481. 
Washington, t., Licking co., O., 13 n. New- 



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ark. It contains Utica v., and has 3 sch. 73 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,348. 

Washington, t., Marion co., O. It has 3 stores, 
cap. $4,100 ; 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 1 flouring m., 
3 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,050. 5 
sch. 200 scholars. Pop. 880. 

Washington, t., Mercer co., O. Pop. 214. 

Washington, t., Montgomery co., O. It has 
12 sch. 915 .scholars. Pop. 2,210. 

Washington, t., Monroe co., O. Pop. 533. 

Washington, t., Picl^avvay co., O. (Formerly 
included in Circleville.) It has 1 pottery, 1 saw 
m., 3 sch. 172 scholars. Pop. 1,194. 

Washington, t., Sandusky co., O. Pop. 1,074. 

Washington, t., Shelby co., O. It was for- 
merly called Grayson. Watered by a branch of 
Miami r. It has 3 stores, cap. $1,575 ; 1 tannery, 
2 flouring m., 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in man- 
uf;u . s7,()90. 5 sch. 118 scholars. Pop. 1,688. 

\\'ashington, t., Muskingum co., O. It con- 
tains Jackson v., has several salt fac, and con- 
tains an ancient fortification and several mounds. 
It has 1 sch. 20 scholars. Pop. 1,488. 

Washington, t., Preble co., O. Organized in 
1809. The soil is fertile and well watered. It 
contains Eaton v., the capital of the co., 4 flour- 
ing m., 4 saw m., and 2 carding machines. Pop. 
2,459. 

Washington, t., Richland co., O. Situated 
immediately s. of Mansfield, the capital of the 
CO. Pop. 1,914. 

Washingto.n, t., Scioto co., O. Bounded s. 
by Ohio r., and e. by Scioto r. The surface is 
uneven and rough, excepting on the rivers, where 
are extensive and very fertile alluvial tracts. It 
has extensive quarries of fine freestone. It con- 
tains Alexandria v. Tlie Ohio canal passes 
through it, and by its waste waler affords water 
power. It has 2 sch. 50 scholars. Pop. 653. 

Washi.ngton, t., Tuscarawas co., O. Organ- 
ized in 1827. It lias 1 flouring m., 3 grist m., 4 
saw m., 6 sch. 430 scholars. Pop. 978. 

Washington, t., Miami co., O. It contains 
Piqua V. It has 3 commission houses, capital 
$3,500; 22 stores, cap. $122,000 ; 1 distillery, 2 
fulling m., 2 grist m., 3 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in 
manufac. $14,300. Pop. 1,101. 

Washington, t., Starke co., O. The surface 
is level ; timber, beech and sugar maple. It has 
600 scholars in schools. Pop. 1,389. 

Washington, t.. Union co., O. It has I sch. 
35 scholars. Pop. 151. 

Washington, t.. Van Wert co., O. Pop. 47. 

Washington, t.. Wood co., O. It has 1 sch. 
26 scholars. Pop. 196. 

Washington, t., Williams co., O. Pop. 93. 

W.\siiiNGTO.N, t., Adams co., la. Pop. 262. 

Washington, t., Allen co., la. It has 3 sch. 
60 scliolars. Pop. 595. 

Washington, t., Blackford co., la. Pop. 143. 

Washington, t.. Brown co., la. Pop. 384. 

Washington, t.. Clay co., la. It has 1 grist 
m., 1 saw m. Capital in manufac. 1,450. Pop. 
1,046. 

Washington, t., Gibson co., la. It has 2 sch. 
64 scholars. Pop. 640. 

Washington, t.. Grant co., la. Pop. 539. 

Washington, t, Hamilton co., la. It has 1 
sch. 16 scholars. Pop. 1,235. 

Washi.ngton, t., Harrison co., la. It has 1 
tannery, 1 distillery, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Pop. 721. 

Washington, t., Marion co., la. It has 4 
stores, cap. $3,000 ; 2 tanneries, 4 distilleries, 5 
grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,505 ; 8 
sch. 335 scholars. Pop. 1,859. 

Wa.shington, t., Noble co., la. It has 1 saw 
m. Pop. 259 



Washington, t., Putnam co., la. It has 5 
stores, capital $7,600 ; 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 1 
pottery, 1 flouring m., 5 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $5,400. 5 sch. 385 scholars. Pop. 
1,872. 

Washington, t, Randolph co., la. It has 2 
stores, cap. $3,600 ; 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 3 sch. 
55 scholars. Pop. 1,219. 

Washington, t.. Rush co., la. It has 4 sch. 
98 scholars. Pop. 1,163. 

Washington, t., Tippecanoe co., la. Pop. 809. 

Washington, t., Wayne co., la. It has 1 acad. 
45 students, 3 sch. 126 scholars. Pop. 1,935. 

Washington, t., Washington co., la. It has 
11 stores, cap. $22,000; 2 cotton fac. 564 sp., 5 
tanneries, 2 printing oflices, 2 weekly newspa- 
pers, 4 grist m., 4 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $52,075. 1 sch. 27 scholars. Pop. 1,992. 

Washington, p-t., Macomb co., Mich., 29 n. 
E. Detroit, 553 W. Watered by Stony cr. and 
head waters of Middle branch of Clinton r. The 
soil is very fertile, adapted to grain. It has 5 
stores, cap. $11,500; 3 sch. 67 scholars. Pop. 
1,314. 

Washington, p-v., capital of Daviess co., la., 
106 s. w. Indianapolis, 668 W. Situated 4 miles 
E. of the w. fork of White r., and contains a court 
house, jail, 2 churches, 9 stores, 2 grist m., 1 saw 
m., 1 carding machine, 1 linseed and castor oil 
fac, and about 650 inhabitants. 

Washington, p-v., Tazewell co., III., 71 N 
Springfield, 785 W. It contains 7 stores, I steam 
saw m., and about 350 inhabitants. Situated on 
the s. side of Holland's Grove, on the border of 
a delightful prairie. 

W.vsHiNGTO.N, p-v., capital of Washington co., 
Iowa. Situated near a branch of Crooked creek, 
and contains the county buildings, and about 100 
inhabitants. 

Washington, p-v., Franklin co., Mo., 76 e. 
Jefferson City, 871 W. 

Washington, t., Buchanan co.. Mo. Pop. 48 1 

Washington, t., Clarke co.. Mo. It has 1 soli. 
14 scholars. Pop. 314. 

Washington, t., Johnson co., Mo. It has 1 
sch. 25 scholars. Pop. 476. 

Washington, t., Lafayette co., Mo. Pop. 453. 

Washington, t., Livingston co., Mo. Pop. 167. 

Washington, t., Monroe co., 3Io. It has 3 
sch. 75 scliolars. Pop. 1,367. 

Washington, t., Polk co.. Mo. Pop. 417^_ 

Washington, t, Taney co.. Mo. Pop. 275. 

Washington, p-v., capitil of Hempstead co.. 
Ark., Ill s. w. Little Rock, 1,170 W. Situated 
on a small branch of Red r., and contains a court 
house, jail, a U. S. land office, and about 400 in- 
habitants. 

Washington, t., Sevier co., Ark. It has 1 
sch. 24 scholars. Pop. 516. 

Washington, C. H., p-v., Washington co., 
Ala., 146 s. s. w. Tuscaloosa, 960 W. (Now Bar- 
ryton, which see.) 

Washington, C. H., p-v., capital of Fayette 
CO., O., 50 s. vv. Columbus, 423 W. It conuiins 
a court house, Jul, 1 church, 9 stores, a printing 
office, and about 80 dwellings. Letters should 
be directed to ]V,ishinglon C. II., to distinguish 
it from Washington p-o., ^Guernsey co., O. 

Washington Depot, p-o., New Hanover co., 
N. C. 

Washington PIollow, p-o., Washington t., 
Dutchess CO., N. Y., 82 s. by E. Albany, 311 W. 

Washingtonville, v., Sandy Creek t., Oswe- 
go CO., N. Y. It contains 3 churches — 1 Presby- 
terian, I Methodist, and 1 Universalist ; 3 stores, 
1 grist m., 1 saw m., 1 clothier's works, 1 fur- 
nace, 1 tannery, and about 250 inhabitants. 



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Washingtonville, v., Blooming Grove t., 
Orange co., N. Y. ,10 w. Nevvburgli. It contains 
an academy, 4 stores, 1 flouring m., 1 plaster m., 
1 tannery, 30 dwellings, and about 200 inhabit- 
ants. 

Washingtonvillk, p-v., Derry t., Columbia 
CO., Pa., 79 N. N. E. Harrisburg, 189 W. It con- 
tains 2 stores and about 35 dwellings. 

WASirrNGTONviLLE, p-v., Greene t., Columbi- 
ana CO., O., 162 E. N. E. Columbus, 294 \V. It 
contains 4 stores, 2 saw m., 1 oil m., and about 
35 dwellings. It has 1 sch. 13 scholars. Pop. 
107. 

Washita, r.. Ark. and La., rises in Sevier 
CO., Ark., and receives Little Missouri on the vv. 
side on the s. border of Clarke co., and Saline r. 
from the n. on the s. extremity of Bradley co., 
enters La., and receiving Bayou Bartholomew 
and Bayou Bceuf, it flows s. by e. to its junction 
with Tensas r. to form Black r., which flows into 
Red r. 

Washita, parish. La. Situated toward the 
N. E. part of the state, and contains 2,090 .sq. ms. 
Drained by Washita r. and its branches, and by 
head branches of Little r. The surface is exten- 
sively covered by pine forest, but in some parts, 
on the streams, the land is liable to be overflowed. 
Cotton is the chief production. Capital, Monroe. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 2,642, sheep 350, 
swine 4,128 ; Indian corn 32,898 bush, produced, 
oats 2,240, potatoes 5,300, cotton 1,724,658 pounds ; 
3 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,000. 
1 acad. 30 students, 5 sch. 115 scholars. Pop. 
whites 2,188, slaves 2,433, free colored 14 ; total, 
4,640. 

Washte.^iaw, county, Mich. Situated toward 
the s. K. part of the state, and contairft 720 sq. 
ms. Organized in 1826. Drained by Huron, 
Ilaisin, Macon, and Saline rivers, and 3Iullet's, 
Honey, Mill, and Paint creeks. It contains sev- 
eral lakes. The surface is gently undulating ; 
soil, a deep and fertile black loam and clay. 
Prairie and timber land are interspersed. Raisin 
r., and Huron r. and its branches, afford water 
power. It is among the best counties of the 
state. Capital, Ann Arbor. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 22,208, sheep 19,273, swine .30,141 ; 
wheat 216,597 bush, produced, rye 2,941, Indian 
corn 220,096, buckwheat 22,600, barley 31,050, 
oats 284,181, potatoes 210,224, sugar 108,047 
pounds ; 65 stores, cap. $249,325 ; 2 furnaces, 3 
fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 4 tanneries, 4 distiller- 
ies, 11 flouring m., 7 grist m., 41 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $314,555. Pop. 23,571. 

Watauga, r., N. C. and Tenn., rises in Ashe 
CO., N. C, and flowing n. w. into Tenn., it unites 
with the s. fork of Holston r., on the s. border of 
Sullivan co. 

Waterborough, p-t., York co.. Me., 25 n. 
York, 76 s. w. Augusta, 521 W. Little Ossipee 
r. separates it from Limerick on the n. A pond 
in its w. part flows into Mousum r., which enters 
the Atlantic in Kennebunk t. The surlace is 
pleasantly diversified ; soil, fertile. Incorporated 
m 1787. It has 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 3 grist 
m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,425. 16 sch. 
691 scholars. Pop. 1,944. 

Waterborough, p-v., Poland t., Chautauque 
CO., N. Y., 318 w. by s. Albany, 331 W. Situa- 
ted on Conewango creek, and contains 1 store, 1 
saw m., 25 dwellings, and about 150 inhabit- 
ants. 

Waterborough Centre, p-o., Waterborough 
t., York CO., Me., 75 s. w. Augusta, 525 W. 

Waterburg, p-o., Tompkins co., N. Y., 173 
w. by s. Albany, 306 W. 
Waterburg, p-v., Sheridan t., Calhoun co.. 



Mich., 92 vv. Detroit, 569 W. Situated on the N 
side of Kalamazoo r. 

Waterburv, p-t., Washington co., Vt., 12 n. 
w. Montpelier, 525 W. The surface is level or 
gently uneven ; soil, fertile, particularly on the 
streams. Watered by Onion or Winooski and 
Waterbury rivers, the latter of which, with its 
branches, affords water power. The principal 
v., in the s. part, near Onion r., contains 1 Con- 
gregational and 1 Methodist church, 3 stores, va- 
rious mechanic shops, and a number of neat 
dwellings. In the s. w. corner Onion r. has a 
curious passage through the rocks, which have 
fallen into the chasm, forming a natural bridge, 
and being near the road it is deserving the attention 
of the curious traveller. There are in the t. 2 
stores, cap. $11,000; 2 fulling m., 1 taimery, 1 
grist m., 3 saw m. Capital in manufac. $19,.500. 
19 sch. 595 scholars. Pop. 1,992. 

Waterbury, p-t.. New Haven co., Ct., 52 s. s. 
vv. Hartford, 310 W. The surface is rough. Wa- 
tered by Naugatuck r., which affords good water 
power. The v., at the centre, contains 4 cliurch- 
hs — 1 Congregational, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, and 

1 Methodist — and about 1,500 inhabitants. It 
contains several extensive manufactories. The t. 
has 17 stores, cap. $88,370 ; 5 fulling m., 3 wool- 
len fac, 3 cotton fac. 570 sp., 2 tanneries, 3 dis- 
tilleries, 5 grist m., 16 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$718,309. 2 acad. 75 students, 23 sch. 735 schol- 
ars. Pop. 3,668. 

Waterbury Centre, p-v., Waterbury t., 
Washington co., Vt., 15 n. w. Montpelier, 528 W. 
It contains 2 churches, of brick — 1 Baptist and 1 
Methodist — 1 store, and a number of dwellings. 

Wateree, r., JN. C. and S. C, rises in N. C, 
and is called the Catawba until it enters S. C, 
where it is called the Wateree to its union with 
the Congaree to form Santee r. 

Waterford, p-t., Oxford co.. Me., 53 w. Au- 
gusta, 583 W. The sm-face is level ; soil, fertile, 
adapted to grain. It has a large pond toward its 
E. part, which flows into Crooked r., by which it 
is drained, and which flows into Sebago pond. 
Incorporated in 1797. It has 4 stores, cap. $5,500 ; 

2 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 8 saw m., 1 
oil m. Cap. in manufac. $5,290. 12 schools 527 
scholars. Pop. 1,381. 

Waterford, p-t., Caledonia co., Vt., 49 e. n. 
E. Montpelier, 547 W. Bounded on the s. e. by 
Connecticut r., in which, opposite to the t., is a 
portion of the 15 mile falls. The surface is rough ; 
soil, on the streams, fertile, otherwise adapted to 
grazing. Watered by Pasumpsic r., and Moose 
r. runs through its n. e. corner. It contains 3 
churches — 1 Congregational, 1 Free-will Baptist, 
and 1 Methodist. Stiles's pond, in the s. e. part, 
covers 100 acres. Incorporated in 1797. It has 

3 stores, cap. $15,000 ; 1 tannery, 8 grist m., 1 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,150. 1 acad. 41 
students, 15 sch. 501 scholars Pop. 1,338. 

Waterford, p-v., Worcester co.,. Mass., 42 w. 
Boston, 415 W. 

Waterford, p-t., New London co., Ct., 46 s. 
e. Hartford, 451 W. Bounded by Thames r. on 
the E., and by Long Island sound on the s. The 
surface is uneven ; soil, gravelly loam, adapted 
to grazing. Watered by Niantic and .lordaa riv- 
ers. The former flows into a bay of the same 
name, which sets up from the sound 3 or 4 ms., and 
is navigable for sloops of 20 tons. It contains 3 
Baptist churche.s, one of which is a Seventh-day 
Baptist. It has 4 stores, cap. $4,000 ; 1 tannery, 
3 grist m., 1 oil m. Capital in manufac. $11,500. 
10 sch. 532 scholars. Pop. 2,329. 

Waterford, p-t., Saratoga co., N. Y., 10 n. 
Albany, 380 W. The surface is undulating ; soil, 



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fiaiid and alluvion. Watered by Mohawk and 
Hudson rivers, which here unite. The v. is sit- 
uated on the w. bank of Hudson r., at the head 
of sloop navigation. It contains 4 churches — 1 
Presbyterian, 1 Dutch Reformed, 1 Episcopal, and 
1 Methodist — an academy, a female seminary, a 
bank, 20 stores and groceries, 1 cotton fac, 4 
flouring m., 1 grist m., 2 macliine shops, 1 twine 
lac, 1 furnace, 1 fire engine fac, 1 button fac, 1 
plaster m., 2 saw m., 1 tannery, 200 dwellings, 
and about 1,400 inhabitants. Six sloops and 
schooners and several canal boats are owned 
here. The Cliamplain canal passes through the 
place, and also tlie Troy and Saratoga railroad. 
The canal here enters Iludson r. A bridge con- 
nects the place with Lansingburgh. It has 28 
stores, cap. $47,535 ; 3 lumber yards, cap. $1,000 ; 

1 tannery, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $92,115. 5 sch. 375 scholars. Pop. 1,824. 

VVatkrford, t., Gloucester co., N. J., (post- 
office called Waterford Works,) 12 w. Woodbury, 
51 s. s. w. Trenton, 161 W. The surface is level ; 
soil, sand and sandy loam. Dramed by Pensau- 
keu or.. Cooper's cr., and branches of Atsion r. 
It contains an Episcopal church, and has 10 stores, 
cap. $7,310 ; 4 distilleries, 2 glass-houses, 2 grist 
m., 10 saw m., 1 oil m. Capital in manufactures 
$82,987. 8 sch. 425 scholars. Pop. 3,467. 

Waterford, p-t., Erie co.. Pa., 13 s. e. Erie, 
256 N. w. by w. Harrisburg, 329 W. The sur- 
face is hilly ; soil, gravelly loam. Watered by 
Le Bceuf cr., flowing into Le Jiceuf lake, which 
has an outlet into French cr. The b. contains 4 
stores, cap. $7,700 ; 1 flouring ra. Cap. in man- 
ufac $1,000. 1 acad. 60 students, 1 sch. 30 schol- 
ars. Pop. 403. There are in the t. 1 tannery, 3 
grist ra., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,710. 9 
sch. 272 scholars. Pop. 1,144. 

Waterford, p-v., Loudon co., Va., 159 n. 
Richmond, 40 W. Situated on Kittoctan cr., and 
contains 2 churches — 1 free to all denominations, 
and 1 Friends ; 6 stores, 1 flouring m., 1 saw, 
grist, and plaster m., and 2 cotton fac, (in the 
vicinity,) 70 dwellings, and about 425 inhabit- 
ants. 

Waterford, p-t., Washington co., O., 24 n. 
w. 3Iarietta, 89 e. s. e. Columbus, 321 W. Situ- 
ated on both sides of Muskingum r. The surface 
is undulating and broken : soil, on the r., fertile. 
The v. is situated on Muskingum r., and contains 

2 churches, 2 stores, and, in the vicinity, 3 flour- 
ing m., 3 saw m., 2 carding machines, 2 fulling 
m., -40 dwellings, and about 250 inhabitants. Pop. 
of the t. 1,166. 

Waterford, pt., Oakland co., Mich., 32 n. 
w. Detroit, 556 W. Watered by numerous small 
lakes and their outlets. It has 1 store, cap. $3,0(W ; 
1 distillery, 2 flouring m., 2 saw m. Cap. in man- 
uftic $7,500. Pop. 946. 

Waterford, p-v., Gibson co., Tenn., 121 w. 
by s. Nashville, 804 W. 

Waterford, p-v., Fulton co.. 111., 50 n. w. 
Springfield, 830 ^V. It contains 105 inhabitants. 

Waterford, p-v., Marshall co., Miss., 184 n. 
by E. Jackson, 902 W. 

Waterford Centre, p-o., Waterford t., Oak- 
land CO., Mich. 

Waterloo, p-t., and semi-capital, with Ovid, 
of Seneca co., N. Y., 17 w. by n. Albany, 316 
W. The surface is generally level ; soil, calca- 
reous loam. Watered by Seneca r., along wliich 
the Seneca and Cayuga canal passes. The v. 
is handsomely situated on both skies of the outlet 
of Seneca lake, which is used as a part of the 
Cayuga and Seneca canal. Incoi-porated in 1824, 
and contains a court house, jail, 4 churches — 1 
Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, and 1 Meth- 



odist — an academy, a bank, 25 stores, 1 woollen 
fac, consuming 200,000 pounds of wool annually, 
5 flouring m., 5 saw m., 2 oil m., 2 pail and tub 
fac, 2 m. for cleaning clover seed, 1 plaster ra., 1 
clothier's works, 1 furnace, I machine shop, 1 
soap and candle fac, 1 carriage fac, 2 tanneries, 
2 distilleries, 1 boat-yard, 350 dwellings, and 
2,600 inhabitants. Here is an extensive water 
power. The Cayuga and Seneca canal and the 
Auburn and Rochester railroad pass through the 
place. There are in the t. 10 stores, cap. $5,000 ; 
1 lumber yard, cap. $1,000; 1 fulling ni., 1 wool- 
len fac, 1 furnace, 1 tannery, 2 distilleries, 1 
printing office, 1 semi-weekly newspaper, 1 flour- 
ing m., 2 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufactures 
$71,500. 1 acad. 66 students, 6 sch. 278 scholars. 
Pop. 3,036. 

SVaterloo, p-v.. Lock t, Juniata co.. Pa., &9 
N. w. Harrisburg, 125 W. Situated on Tusca- 
rora cr. 

Waterloo, p-v., Carroll co., Md., 59 n. n. w. 
Annapolis, 66 W. 

Waterloo, t., Athens co., O. Watered by 
Racoon cr. It has 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$4,700. 3 sch. 39 scholars. Pop. 741. 

Waterloo, p o., Jackson co., Mich. 

Waterloo, p-v., Granville co., N. C, 50 n. 
Raleigh, 266 W. 

Waterloo, p-v., Laurens dist., S. C, 79 w. 
by N. Columbia, 507 W. It contains about 75 in- 
habitants. 

Waterloo, p-v., Lauderdale co., Ala., 160 n. 
Tuscaloosa, 805 W. Situated on the n. side of 
Tennessee r. It contains about 80 nihabit- 
ants. 

Waterloo, p-v.. Point Coupee par., La. Sit- 
uated on 3Iississippi r., at the outlet of False r. 

Wati;rloo, p-t., Fayette co., la., 5 s. e. Con- 
nersville, 61 E. by s. Indianapolis, 524 W. It has 
1 sch. 40 scholars. Pop. 92b. 

Waterloo, p-v., capital of Monroe co., 111., 
115 s. by w. Springfield, 828 W. Situated on 
elevated ground, and contains a brick court 
house, 2 stores, and about 25 dwellings. 

Waterloo, p-v., capital of Clark co.. Mo., 186 
.\. by E. JefTerson City, 911 W. Situated a little 
w. of Mississippi r., w. of the mouth of Des 
iMoines r., and contains a court house, jail, and 
about 75 inhabitants. 

Water Street, p-v., Morris t., Huntingdon 
CO., Pa., 100 w. Harrisburg, 159 W. Situated 
on Juniata r., a little above Alexandria, and con- 
tains 12 or 14 dwellings. 

Watertown, p-t., Middlesex co., Mass., 7 w. 
Boston, 433 W. The surface is moderately 
uneven ; soil, mostly fertile, and under high cul- 
tivation. Drained by Charles r., which afTords 
water power, and is navigable to this place for 
vessels requiring 6 or 7 feet of water. It has a 
pleasant v., and contains 1 Unitarian, 1 Baptist, 
and 1 Universalist church, a I'. Stales arsenal 
containing 40 acres of ground, with several 
large brick buildings enclosed by a high fence, 
on the N. bank of Charles r. The provincial 
congress held its sessions here in 1775. First 
settled in 1630. There are in the t. 11 stores, 
cap. $37,800; 2 lumber yards, cap. $9,000; 7 
tanneries, 1 paper fac, 1 acad. 30 students, 7 sch. 
402 scholars. Pop. 1,810. 

Watertow.v, p-t., Litchfield co., Ct., 42 s. s. 
vv. Hartford, 320 W. Tlie surface is uneven, 
and in some parts level ; soil; dry gravelly loam, 
adapted to grazing. Watered by Steel's brook. 
The v. contains a Congregational and an Epis- 
copal church. John Tnmibull, the celebrated 
author of McFingal, was born here. There are 
in the t. 4 stores, cap. .$21,000; 2 fulling m., 5J 



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tanneries, 2 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $10,300. 9 sch. 354 .scholars. Pop. 1,442. 

Watehtown, p-t., capital of Jefferson Co., N. 
y'., 104 N. w. Albany, 416 W. The surface is 
moderately uneven ; soil, a fertile sandy loam 
and clay. Drained by Stony and Sandy creeks. 
Black r. runs on its n. boundary, affording an 
immense water power. The v. is situated on 
the s. side of Black r., and is connected by 
covered bridges willi Williamstovvn and Juhel- 
ville villages on the opposite side. Incorporated 
in 1831, and contains a court house and jail of 
stone, a state arsenal of brick, a bank, 7 churches 
• — 2 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, 1 Me- 
thodist, I Universalist, and 1 Roman Catholic — 
26 stores of different Idnds, various mechanic 
shops, 700 dwellings, and about 4,000 inhabit- 
ants. The Black River Literary and Religious 
Institute has about 180 students, and is flourish- 
ing. An association of young men for literary 
and scientific improvement, have a library which 
is increasing. The r. here has a fall of 88 feet 
in 1 m., with 7 dams and 5 natural cascades. 
Here are 1 flannel fac, 1 broadcloth and satinet 
fac, 1 cotton fac, 2 negro cloth fac, 3 carding 
and clothiers' m., 5 flouring m. and grist m., 1 
paper m., 2 iron furnaces, 3 machine shops, 4 
saw m., 2 tanneries, 1 morocco dressing fac, 4 
wagon and carriage fac, and various other me- 
chanical establishments, 1 brewery, and 1 distil- 
lery. Tiiere are in the t. 45 stores, cap. §200,000 ; 
3 lumber yards, cap. $5,000; 5 woollen fac, 1 
cotton fac. 1,000 sp., 4 tanneries, 1 brewery, 1 
paper fac, 3 printing offices, 3 weekly newspa- 
pers, 4 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $259,500. 19 
sch. 1,192 scholars. Pop. 5,027. 

Watertown, p-t., Washington co., O., 14 n. 
w. Marietta, 92 e. s. e. Columbus, 312 W. 
Wolf cr. passes through the t., and afTords wa- 
ter power. The soil is fertile and well cultiva- 
ted. The V. contains a neat church, 2 stores, 1 
oil m., 1 grist m., 1 carding machine, and 126 in- 
habitants. There are in the t. iO sch. 489 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,127. 

Watertown, p-v., Clinton co., Mich., 112 w. 
N. w. Detroit, 600 W. 

Watertown, p-t., Jefrer.son co.. Wis., 39 e. 
Madison, 853 W. Watered by Rock r., on the 
E. side of which the v. is situated. It has 1 saw 
m. Cap. iu manufac. $6,000. 1 sch. 23 schol- 
ars. Pop. 218. 

Watervale, p-v., Pompey t., Onondaga co., 
N. Y., 125 w. by n. Albany, 342 W. It contains 
1 store, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m., 1 tannery, 30 
dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. 

Water Valley, p-o., Hamburg t., Erie co., 
N. Y., 303 w. Albany, 373 W. 

Water Village, pv., Carroll co., N. H., 48 
N. E. Concord, 529 W. 

Waterville, p-t., Kennebec co., Ble., 18 n. 
Augusta, 613 W. Kennebec r. bounds it on the 
E. The soil is fertile and well cultivated. In- 
corporated in 1802. The v. is situated at Te- 
conic falls on the Kennebec, which are 13 feet 
in height, where is a bridge across the r. The 
V. contains 4 churches, an academy, and various 
mills and manufactories. Tlie Kennebec is nav- 
igable to this place from Augusta, for boats of 
40 tons. Emerson's stream, a Irilnitary of the 
Kennebec, has a very high fall, and affords good 
water power, where is a flourishing manufactur- 
ing v. Waterville College, under the direction 
of the Baptists, is located in this t., was founded 
in 1820, has a president, and 5 professors or other 
instructors, 145 alumni, of whom 30 have been 
ministers of the gospel, 65 students, and 7,000 
vols, in its libraries. The commencement is on 



the 1st Wednesday in August. It has 2 edifices 
containing rooms for students, a chapel, and a 
commons hall. There are in the t. 39 stores, 
cap. $129,800 ; 2 fulling m., 1 college, 94 students, 
2 acad. 262 students, 19 sch. 1,274 scholars. 
Pop. 2,971. 

Waterville, p-t., Lamoille co., Vt., 43 n. w. 
Montpelier, 553 W. Chartered by the name of 
Coit's Gore in 1788, by its present name in 1824, 
first settled in 1789. The surface is mountainous 
and broken ; soil, adapted to grazing. Watered 
by the n. branch of Lamoille r., which aflTords 
water power, and along which is fertile land. 
It lias 2 stores, cap. $4,000 ; 2 fulling m., 1 wool- 
len fac, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$9,750. 6 sch. 200 scholars. Pop. 610. 

Waterville, p-v., Sangerfield t., Oneida co., 
N. Y., 90 w. N. w. Albany, 372 W. Situated on 
a branch of Oriskany cr., and contains 1 Pres- 
byterian, and 1 Baptist church, an academy and 
female seminary, a bank, 10 stores, 1 woollen 
fac, 1 starch fac, 3 grist m., 2 saw m., 2 furna- 
ces, and a machine shop, where carriage springs 
are made, 1 organ fac, 3 distilleries, 120 dwell- 
ings, and about 1,000 inhabitants. 

Waterville, p-t., Lucas co., O., 130 n. w. 
by N. Columbus, 461 W. Watered by a branch 
of Maumee r. The v. is situated on the n. side 
of this r., 6 ms. w. of Perrysburg, and contains 1 
store, 1 grist ra., 1 carding macliine, and 190 in- 
habitants. Pop. of the t., 565. 

Waterville Corners, p-o.. Concord t., Erie 
CO., N. Y., 290 w. Albany, 360 W. 

Watervlbet, p-t., Albany co., N. Y., 5 .v. 
Albany, 375 W. The surface is level or undu- 
lating ; soil, sandy ridges and swamps, excepting 
on Hudson r., where are extensive and fertile 
flats. Mohawk r. runs on its n., and Hudson r. 
on its E. border. It contains several islands 
formed by the mouths of the 3Iohawk. It has a 
Shaker settlement, called NtsiMt/ima. The Eric 
and Charaplain canals separate here, and in the 
former are many locks, to overcome the falls of 
the Cahoes. At West Troy v. is the Watervliet 
United States Arsenal. There are in the t. 94 
stores, cap. $100,853; 4 lumber yards, cap. 
$73,000 ; 3 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 2 cotton 
fac 5,100 sp., 1 brewery, 4 potteries, 1 paper fac, 
1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper, 2 flouring 
m., 10 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$723,115. 13 sch. 1,600 scholars. Pop. 10,141. 
(See Troy.) 

Watervliet Centre, p-o., Watervliet t., 
Albany co., N. Y., 12 n. Albany, 382 W. 

Watkins, t., Crawford co.. Mo. It has 3 sch. 
46 scholars. Pop. 739. 

Watkinsville, p-v., Goochland co., Va., 29 
w. N. w. Richmond, 162 W. 

Watkinsville, p-v., capital of Clarke co., 
Ga., 68 N. by w. Milledgeville, 617 W. Situated 
at the head of Beaverdam cr., and contains a 
court house, jail, an academy, 4 stores, and 25 
dwellings. 

Watson, p-t., Lewis co., N. Y., 10 n. e. Mar- 
tinsburgh, 140 n. w. Albany, 439 W. The sur- 
face is hilly and mountainous ; soil, sandy loam. 
Drained by Independence cr., Beaver r., and 
other tributaries of Black r., which bounds it on 
the w. It has 1 store, cap. $300 ; 12 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $3,000. 17 sch. 354 scholars. 
Pop. 1,707. 

Watson's, p-o., Coweta co., Ga., 113 w. by n. 
Milledgeville, 717 W. 

Watsontown, p-v., Northumberland co.. Pa., 
77 N. by E. Harrisburg, 187 W. 

Watsons Ferry, p-o., Armstrong co.. Pa., 187 
w. N. w. Harrisburg, 241 W. 



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Wattsborough, p-v., Lunenburg co., Va., 
116 s. w. Richmond, 233 W. 

Wattsburg, p-b., Erie co., Pa., 263 n. w. by 
w. Harrisburg, 344 W. Situated on French cr., 
and contains 2 tanneries, 1 sawm. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $1,950. 6 sch. 140 scholars. Pop. 131. 

Waugh's Ferry, p-o., Bedford co., Va., 134 
w. by s. Richmond, 197 W. 

WAUGnATCHiE, p-0., Dadc co., Ga., 113 N. w. 
MilledgeviUe, 717 W. 

Waupu\, p-v., Fond du Lac co.. Wis., 80 n. e. 
Madison, 927 W. 

Waushara, p-v., Dane co.. Wis. 

Waverlani), p-o., Montgomery co., la., 65 vv. 
N. w. Indianapoli.s, 630 W. 

Waver LV, p-o.. Pee Pee t.. Pike co., O., 60 s. 
Columbus, 407 W. Situated on the Oliio canal, 
and contains about 250 inhabitants. 

Waverly, p-v., Humphreys co., Tcnn., 60 w. 
by s. Nashville, 744 W. 

Waverly, p-o., Henry co., Mo. 

Waveri.v, p-o., Lowndes co.. Miss., 147 n. e. 
Jackson, 892 W. 

Waverly, t., Lincoln co.. Mo. It has 1 sch. 
40 scholars. Pop. 1,133. 

Waverly Hall, p-o., Harris co., Ga., Ill w. 
s. w. JMilledgeville, 733 W. 

Wawarsing, p-t., Ulster co., N. Y., 22 s. w. 
Kingston, 82 s. s. w. Albany, 297 W. The sur- 
face is hilly and mountainous ; soil, gravelly 
loam and clay, and fertile. Drained by Rondout 
or., and its tributaries, vihich afford good water 
power. Iron ore, plumbago, and lead are found 
in the vicinity. It has 17 stores, cap. $33,600; 
5 lumber yards, cap. $2,400; 8 fulling m., 11 
woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 2,136 sp., 6 tanneries, 
1 glass house, 1 pottery, 3 grist m., 4.5 saw ra. 
Cap. in manufac. $169,750. 20 soli. 924 schol- 
ars. Pop. 4,044. 

Waxahatchee, p-o., Shelby co., Ala., 83 e. 
Tuscaloosa, 791 W. 

Wayland, p-t., Middlesex co., Mass., 17 w. 
Boston, 423 W. The surface is pleasantly diver- 
sified ; soil, generally fertile and w-ell cultivated. 
Chartered in 1835. Sudbuiy r. bounds it on the 
w. It contains 1 Congregational and 1 iJnita- 
rian church. It has 3 stores, cap. $3,400 ; 1 
grist m., 6 sch. 253 scholars. Pop. 998. 

Waylandsburg, p-v., Culpepper co., Va., 104 
N. N. E. Richmond, 90 W. 

Waymart, p-v., Chnton t., Wayne co.. Pa., 
166 N. E. Harrisburg, 260 W. Situated on a 
branch of Laxawaxen cr., and contains about 75 
iniiabitants. 

Wayne, county, N. Y. Situated in the n. 
part of the state, and contains 572 sq. ms. The 
surface is undulating; soil, clay, sand and gravel, 
with vegetable mold. Lake ()ntario bounds it 
on tiie N. Mud cr. and Canandaigua outlet 
form Clyde r., which flows e. to Seneca r. Iron 
ore, gypsum, marl, and water lime are found. 
Sulphur springs arc abnndant, and some weak 
brine springs have been found. Capital, Lyons. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 33,298, slieep 
100,986, swine 44,130 ; wheat 571,033 bush, pro- 
duced, rye 4,460, Ind. corn 33'^,356, buckwheat 
33,002, barley 25,037, oats 482,900, potatoes 
512,710, hops 239 pounds, sugar 159,554; 115 
stores, cap. $544,250 ; 4 furnaces, 1 forge, 1 1 ful- 
ling m., 25 tanneries, 1 rope fac, 6 distilleries, 1 
brewery, 2 glass fac, 1 pottery, 12 flouring m., 
25 grist m., 118 saw m., 4 printing offices, 4 
weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $137,913. 
8 acad. 475 students, 182 sch. 9,637 scholars. 
Pop. 42,057. 

Wayne, county. Pa. Situated in the N. E. 
part of the state, and contains 648 feq. ma. The 



surface is hilly and mountainous ; soil, generally 
fertile. Bounded n. e. by Delaware r. Drain- 
ed by Lackawaxen creek and its branches, and 
by small streams flowing into Delaware r. Capi- 
tal, Ilonesdale. There were in 1810, neat cat- 
tle 17,412, sheep 34,371, swine 3,122; wheat 
15,210 bush, produced, rye 11,041, Ind. com 
10,323, buckwheat 36,555, barley 3,740, oats 
102,140, potatoes 156,702, sugar 9,940 pounds; 
28 .stores, cap. $36,900 ; 3 fulling m., 6 tanneries, 
1 glass fac, 1 flouring m., 14 grist m., 68 saw m., 
1 oil m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. 
Cap. in manufac. $312,700. 3 acad. 96 .students, 
97 sch. 2,424 scholars. Pop. 11,848. 

WaYxS-e, county, N. C. Situated s. E. of the 
centre of the state, and contains 720 sq. ms. 
Drained by Ncuse r. and its branches. Capital, 
Waynesboro'. There were in 1810, neat cattle 
8,492, sheep 6,269, swine 46,594 ; wheat 12,744 
bush, produced, rye 1,443, Ind. corn 461,165, 
oats 8,855, potaloes'90,006, (cotton 402,175 pounds; 
12 stores, cap. $61,900 ; 49 grist m., 25 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $S00. 4 acad. 129 students, 6 
sch. 213 scholars. Pop. whites 6,754, slaves 
3,673, free col'd 464; total, 10,891. 

Wayne, county, Ga. Situated in the s. E. 
part of the state, and contains 900 sq. ms. Alta- 
maha r. bounds it on the n. e. Drained by San- 
tilla r.. Little Santilla r., and Turtle cr. The sur- 
face is low, and in some places marshy. Capital 
Wayne C. H. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
7,854, sheep 404, swine 3,933; Ind. corn 16,281 
bush, produced, potatoes 15,125, cotton 19,183 
pounds, sugar 3,465; 3 stores, cap. $11,500; 1 
grist m., 1 acad. 12 students. Pop. whites 877, 
slaves 367, free col'd 14 ; total, 1,258. 

Wayne, county. Miss. Situated in the E. to- 
ward the s. part of tlie state, and contains 790 
sq. ms. Drained by Chickasawha r. and its 
branches, and by branches of Leaf r. The sur- 
face is moderately uneven ; soil, sterile. Capi- 
tal, Winchester. There were in 1840, neat cat- 
tle 10,297, sheep 927, swine 7,671 ; Ind. corn 
5,323 bush, produced, potatoes 9,134, cotton 
334,689 pounds ; 2 stores, cap. $1,.500 ; 1 tannery. 
Pop. whites 1,141, slaves 979 ; totid, 2,120. 

Wayne, county, Tenn. Situated in the s. 
toward the w. part of the state, and contains 
504 sq. ms. Drained by Buffalo r.. Shoal or., 
and their branches, aiid other branches of 
Tennessee r. The surface is hilly ; soil, fertile. 
Capital, Waynesboro'. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 8,490, sheep 5,004, swine 34,351 ; 
wheat 27,406 bush, [iroduced, rye 1,722, Ind. 
corn 426,560, buckwheat 1,722, oats 32,718, po- 
tatoes 6,982, tobacco 17,51-8 pounds, cotton 
39,382, sugar 6,754; 9 stores, cap. $43,800; I 
furnace, 1 forge, 1 tannery, 19 di.stilleries, 17 
iiri.st m., 2 saw^ m., 1 iiotlery. Cap. in manufac. 
$10,575. ] sch. 29 scholars. Pop. whites 7,151, 
slaves 529, free col'd 25 ; total, 7,705. 

Wayne, county, Ky. Situated in the s. to- 
ward the E. part of the state, and contains 570 
sq. ms. Cumberland r. bounds it on the n., by 
the s. fork of which and its branches, and by 
Beaver cr., it is drained. Capital, Monticello. 
There were in 1810, neat cattle 18,022, sheep 
15,382, swine 46,016; wheat 48,388 bu.sh. produ- 
ced, rye 7,408, Ind. corn 752,904, oats 86,405, 
potatoes 12,270, tobacco 5,060 pounds, cotton 
3,000, sugar 3,550 ; 13 stores, cap. $44,000 ; 2 tan- 
neries, ll distilleries, 3 flouring m., 16 grist m_., 
3 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $9,265. 
7 sch. 172 scholars. Pop. wliites 6,754, slaves 
630 free col'd 15 ; total, 7,399. 

Wayne, county, O. Situated n. e. of the 
centre of the state, and contains 660 sq. ms. 



WAY 



708 



WAY 



Organized in 1808. The surface is rolling, and 
in some places level ; soil, fertile, especially on 
the streams. Watered by Killbuck r., and 
Chippewa and Sugar creeks, and Lake fork of 
Mohiccan cr. Capital, Wooster. There were 
in 1840, neat cattle 20,614, sheep 48,5o8, swine 
55,899; wheat 753,6"21 bush, produced, rye 
49,668, Ind. corn 395,030, barley 2,104, oats 
542,965, potatoes 132,003, sugar 177,092 pounds ; 
68 stores, cap. $128,925 ; 4 fulling m., 2 woollen 
fac, 27 tanneries, 7 distilleries, 3 breweries, 1 
pottery, 23 flouring m., 17 grist m., 81 saw m., 6 
oil m., 2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. 
Cap. in manufac. $110,280. 1 acad. 25 students, 
10 sch. 278 scholars. Pop. 35,808. 

Wayne, county, Mich. Situated in the s. e. 
part of the state, and contains 600 sq. ms. Drain- 
ed by Rouge and Huron rivers and their brandi- 
es, flowing into Detroit r., which bounds it on 
the s. E. The surface is level or undulating; 
soil, clay, with some sandy loam. Rouge r. and its 
branches aflbrd water power. Limestone, iron 
ore, and sulphur springs are found. Capital, 
Detroit. There were in 1840, neat cattle 14,574, 
sheep 10,181, swine 17,092 ; wheat 89,769 bush. 
pro<iiced, rye 5,575, Ind. corn 138,739, barley 
4,975, oats 94,981, potatoes 204,313, sugar 
122,667 pounds ; 11 «om. houses, cap. $123,000 ; 
141 stores, cap. $453,000 ; 5 furnaces, 3 tanneries, 
1 distillery, 2 breweries, 3 potteries, 8 flouring 
m., 3 grist m., 28 saw m., 3 printing offices, 3 
daily, and 4 weekly newspapers. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $275,810. 1 college, 30 students, 1 acad. 
40 students, 72 sch. 3,097 scholars. Pop. 24,173. 

W.VYNE, county, la. Situated in the e. part 
of the state, and contains 420 sq. ms. Organized 
in 1810. The surface is moderately uneven ; 
soil, very fertile. Drained by branches of White- 
water r., which afford good water power. Capi- 
tal, Centrevilie. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 13,76S, sheep 28,173, swine 35,413; wheat 
124,705 bush, produced, rye 2,93S. Ind. corn 
882,477, barley 4,115, oats 284,437, potatoes 
21,412, sugar 66,116 pounds; 63 stores, cap. 
$231,150; 3 furnaces, 4 lulling m., 3 woollen fac, 
14 tanneries, 14 distilleries, 1 brewery, 3 pot- 
teries, 10 flouring m., 37 grist m., 41 saw m., 3 oil 
m., 1 paper fac, 3 printing offices, 3 weekly nevv's- 
papers. Cap. in manufac. $188,599. 6 acad. 315 
students, 51 sch. 2,079 scholars. Pop. 23,292. 

Wayne, county, 111. Situated toward the s. 
E. part of state, and contains 720 sq. ms. Drain- 
ed by Little Wabash r., and Skillet fork of the 
same, and by Elm cr. The surface is inter- 
spersed with prairie and woodland ; soil, mode- 
rately good. Flat-boats go down the Little Wa- 
bash to New Orleans. Capital, Fairfield. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 7,801, sheep 5,163, 
swine 19,713 ; wheat 17,515 bush, produced, rye 
1,443, Ind. corn 247,880, oats 60,471, potatoes 
10,997, tobacco 60,610 pounds, cotton 7,784, sugar 
1,345 ; 10 stores, cap. $75,500 ; 4 tanneries, 5 
flouring m., 7 grist m., 4 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in 
manufac. $13,718. 15 sch. 372 scholars. Pop.5,133. 

Wayne, county. Mo. Situated in the s. e. part 
of the state, and contains 1,200 sq. ms. St. Fran- 
cis r. runs on its e. border, and passes through 
its N. part. Drained by Big Black r., a branch of 
White r. Capital, Greenville. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 5,819, sheep 3,034, swine 25,871 ; 
wheat 12,949 bush, produced, Ind. corn 160,165, 
oats 20,980, potatoes 3,478, tobacco 22,434 pounds, 
cotton 6,849, sugar 23,224 ; 17 stores, cap. $22,340 ; 
1 tannery, 8 distilleries, 15 grist m., 1 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $10,330. 13 sch. 234 scholars. 
Pop. whites 3,069, slaves 223, free col'd 12 ; to- 
tal, 3,403. 



Wayne, p-t., Kennebec co.. Me., 15 w. Au- 
gusta, 595 W. The surface is undulating ; soil, 
fertile, adapted to grain. Androscoggin Great 
Pond lies in its s. w. part, and flows into Andros- 
coggin r. Incorporated in 1798. It has 5 stores, 
cap. $13,200; 1 fulling m., 1 furnace, 1 tannery, 
2 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,575. 
1 acad. 13 students, 9 sch, 445 scholars. Pop. 
1,201. 

Wayne, p t., Steuben co., N. Y., 198 v,'. by s. 
Albany, 316 W. The surface is generally level, 
but moderately hilly in the n. part ; soil, clay 
and loam, adapted to grain. Watered by Crooked 
lake on the w., and Little and Mud lake in the 
centre. The v. contains 1 3Iethodist church, 3 
stores, 1 furnace, 20 dwellings, and about 150 in- 
habitants. There are in the t. 3 stores, capital 
.$8,000; 1 tannery, 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac 
$5,750. 10 sch. 522 scholars. Pop. 1,377. 

Wayne, t., Clinton co., Pa. It has 1 saw m 
Pop. 307. 

Wayne, p-t., Erie co., Pa., 250 n. w. Harris- 
burg, 335 W. The surface is liilly ; soil, grav- 
elly loam. Drained by French cr. and a branch 
of Broken Straw cr. It has 1 store, cap. ,$300; 
1 tannery, 1 grist m., 8 saw ra. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $10,050. ' 5 sch. 225 scholars. Pop. 738. 

Wayne, t., Crawford co.. Pa. Watered by 
Sugar r. flowing from Sugar lake, which is about 
1 m. in circumference. It has 2 stores, 1 tannery, 

1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,075. 4 sch. 74 
scholars. Pop. 723. 

Wayne, t., Greene co.. Pa., 15 s. w. Waynes- 
burg. The surface is hilly ; soil, loam. Drained 
by Uunkards cr. and its tributaries. It has 1 tan- 
nery, 1 flouring m. Cap. in manufac. $1,100. 7 
sch. 168 scholars. Pop. 93S. 

Wayne, t., Mifflin co.. Pa. Watered by Ju- 
niata r. lilue Ridge runs on its e. boutidary. 
It contains Waynesburg v. on the Pa. canal, and 
Hamillonville v. in its .s. part. It has 4 stores, 
cap. $20,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 fumace, 1 tannery, 

2 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,005. 
8 sch. 227 scliolars. Pop. 1,350. 

Wayne, t., Schuylkill co.. Pa. It has 2 tan- 
neries, 2 grist m., 24 saw m. Cap. in manufac 
$3,900. Pop. 1,621. 

Wayne, p-t., Ashtabula co., O., 197 n. e. Co- 
lumbus, 320 W. Drained by branches of Ve- 
nango and Musqnito creeks. It has 5 sch. 191 
scholars. Pop. 767. 

Wayne, t., Adams co., O. Drained by branches 
of w. fork of Brush cr. It has 3 stores, capital 
$3,550 ; 1 flouring m., 1 saw m. Pop. 854. 

Wayne, t., Allen co., O. Drained by a hetid 
branch of Scioto r. It has 1 sch. 23 scholars. 
Pop. 404. 

Wayne, t., Belmont co., O. Watered by Cap- 
tina cr., which affords water power. The surface 
is hilly; soil, generally productive in wheat, In- 
dian corn, and tobacco. Pop. 1,734. 

Wayne, t., Butler co., O. Watered by Elk cr. 
and its branches, and by branches of St. Clair cr. 
It has 3 sch. 93 scholars. Pop. 1,426. 

Wayne, t.. Champaign co., O. Drained e. by 
branches of Little Darby cr., and w. by branches 
of Mad r. It has 1 store, 1 fulling m., 1 woollen 
fac, 1 tannery, 2 saw m., 4 sch. 98 scholars. 
Pop. 1,300. 

Waynk, t,, Clermont co., O. Drained by Stone 
Lick fork of Little Miami r. It has 3 stores, cap. 
$1,350 ; 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 4 sch. 160 scholars. 
Pop. 976. 

Wayne, t., Clinton co., O. Watered by Paint 
cr. It has 1 store, cap. $845 ; 3 grist m., 6 sch. 
523 scholars. Pop. 1,366. 

Wayne, t., Columbiana co., O. Drained by 



WAY 



700 



WE A 



branches of Little Beaver cr. It has 6 sch. 230 
scholars. Pop. 812. 

Wayne, t., Darke co., O. Drained by a branch 
of Loramie cr. Pop. 732. 

Wayne, t., La Fayette co., O. Drained by 
Paint cr. It has 1 store, cap. $3,000 ; 1 tannery, 

1 distillery, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $3,400. 14 sch. 350 scholars. Pop. 1,540. 

Wayne, t., JefTerson co., O. Drained by Cross 
cr., which flows into the Ohio r. It has 2 stores, 
cap. .§3,900 ; 2 tanneries, 2 flouring m., 1 grist m., 

3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $5,900. 6 sch. 320 
scholars. Pop. 1,746. 

Wayne, t., Knox co., O. Drained by Vernon 
r. and its branches. It has 8 sch. 255 scholars. 
Pop. 1,276. 

Wayne, t., Mercer co., O. Pop. 377. 

Waynesfield, t, Lucas co., O. It has 2 sch. 
31 scholars. Pop. 450. 

Wavne, t., Montgomery co., O. Miami r. 
bounds it on the w., by branches of which and 
of Mad r. it is drained. It has 5 sch. 178 scho- 
lars. Pop. 1,045. 

Wayne, t., 3Ionroe co., O. Drained by head 
branches of Little Muskingum r. It has 1 sch. 
25 scholars. Pop. 634. 

Wayne, t., Muskingum co., O. Pop. 1,276. 

Wayne, t., Warren co., O. Watered by Little 
Miami r. and its branches. It has 8 sch. 636 
scholars. Pop. 3,392. 

Wayne, t., Pickaway co., O. Watered by 
Scioto r. The Ohio canal passes through it, on 
which is Montgomery v. It has 1 flouring m., 1 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,500. 1 sch. 95 
scholars. Pop. 779. 

Wayne, t., Tuscarawas co., O. Organized in 
1810. It has 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 distilleries, 

4 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $12,100. 
13 sch. 844 scholars. Pop. 2,142. 

Wayne, t., Cass co., Mich. It has 1 tannery, 

2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,190. Pop. 335. 
Wayne, t., Allen co., la. It has 5 sch. 210 

scholars. Pop. 2,080. 

Wayne, t., Bartholomew co., la. It has 1 sch. 
80 scholars. Pop. 954. 

Wayne, t., Hamilton co., la. Pop. 798. 

Wayne, t., Henry co., la. It has 4 sch. 92 
scliolars. Pop. 1,768. 

WAYiXE, t., Clarion co., la. It has 1 store, cap. 
$3,000 ; 1 tannery, 3 distilleries, 6 grist m., 9 saw 
TO. Cap. in manufac. $2,800. 9 sch. 227 scho- 
lars. Pop. 1,959. 

Waynk, t., Montgomery co., la. It has 1 sch. 
20 scliolars. Pop. 603. 

Wayne, t.. Noble co., la. It has 1 saw m., 1 
sch. 10 scholars. Pop. 148. 

Wayne, t., Owen co., la. It has 3 sch. 90 
scholars. Pop. 834. 

Wayne, t., Randolph co., la. It has 1 store, 
cap. $500 ; 1 grist m., 3 saw m., 2 sch. 30 scho- 
lars. Pop. 661. 

Wayne, t., Wayne co., la. It has 4 sch. 273 
scholars. Pop. 2,412. 

Waynesborough, p-b., Washington t., Frank- 
lin CO., Pa., 55 w. s. w. Harrisburg, 80 W. It 
contains 2 churches — 1 common to Presbyterians 
and Lutherans, and 1 German Reformed — 1 acad. 
24 students, 1 sch. 42 scholars, 150 dwellings, 
and about 799 inhabitants. The country around 
it is productive. 

Waynesborough, p-v., Augusta co., Va., 30 
w. by N. Charlottesville, 105 w. n. w. Richmond, 
147 W. Situated at the w. foot of the Blue 
Ridge, on South r., and contains 2 churches, an 
academy, a public library, several mills, exten- 
sive manufacturing establishments, and about 80 
dwellings. 



Waynesborough, p-v., capital of Wayne co., 
N. C, 51 s. E. Raleigh, 231 W. Situated on the 
N. side of Neuse r., immediately below the mouth 
of Little r., and contains a court house, jail, and 
about 325 inhabitants. 

Waynesborough, p-v., capital of Burke co., 
Ga., 82 E. Milledgevillc, 605 W. Situated on a 
branch of Brier cr., and contains a court house, 
jail, an academy, 2 churches — 1 Presbyterian 
and 1 Metiiodist — 6 stores, and 30 dwellings. 

Waynesborough, p-v., capital of Wayne co., 
Tenn., 99 s. w. Nashville, 776 W. Situated on 
the w. side of Green r., a branch of Buffalo r., 
and contains a court house, jail, and about 75 in- 
habitants. 

Waynesburg, p-b., Franklin t., Greene co.. 
Pa., 222 w. by s. Harrisburg, 229 W. Situated 
near the n. bank of Ten Mile cr., 12 ms. from its 
mouth. Incorporated in 1816, and contains a 
court house of brick, a jail of stone, an academy, 
3 churches — one of ijrick, 1 of stone, and 1 of 
wood — 9 stores, 4 tanneries, 1 brewery, and about 
90 dwellings, many of them of brick or hewn 
stone. 

Waynesburg, p-v., Sandy t, Starke co., O., 
131 N. E. Columbus, 308 W. Situated on Sandy 
cr. and on the line of the Sandy and Beaver 
canal, and contains 1 church, 9 stores, 4 ware- 
houses, 20 mechanic shops, 2 tanneries, 1 brew- 
ery, 75 dwellings, and about 450 inhabitants. In 
the vicinity are 1 flouring m. and 2 saw ra., and 
other manufacturing establishments. 

Waynesburg, p-v., Lincoln co., Ky., 67 s. s. 
E. Frankfort, 578 W. Situated on a branch of 
Buck cr., and contains about 30 inhabitants. 

Waynesvillp:, p-v., capital of Haywood co., 
N. C, 29 w. by s. Raleigh, 524 W. Situated on 
a branch of Big Pigeon r., which flows into French 
Broad r. It contains a court house, jail, and 100 
inhabitants. 

Wavnesville, p-v., Wayne co., Ga., 247 s. e. 
Milledgeville, 756 W. It contains an academy 
and about 150 inhabitants. 

Waynesville, p-v., Warren co., O., 10 n. e. 
Lebanon. Situated on Little IMiami r., and con- 
tains a large Friends church, 90 dwellings, and 
about 550 inhabitants. Inhabited chiefly by 
Friends. 

Waynesvilli;, p-v., McLean co., 111., 55 n. e. 
Springfield, 751 W. Situated on the s. side of 
Kickapoo cr., and contains 1 Presbyterian and 1 
Methodist church, 8 stores, and about 200 in- 
habitants. 

Waynesville, p-v., capital of Pulaski co., 
3I()., 70 s. Jefferson City, 9S5 W. Situated on 
the e. side of Gasconade r., and contains a court 
house, jail, and about 125 inhabitants. 

Waynetown, p-v., Montgomery co., la., .55 w. 
N. w. Indianapolis, 626 W. Situated on the s. 
side of Coal cr., a branch of Wabash r. 

Wea, p-v., Tippecanoe co., la., 60 n. w. In- 
ilianapolis, 631 W. 

Weakly, county, Tenn. Situated in the n. 
w. part of the state, and contains 680 sq. ms. 
Drained by numerous branches of Obion r., 
which flows into Mississippi r. Capital, Dresden. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 9,931, sheep 
5,882, swine 24,085; wheat 44,229 bush, pro- 
duced, rye 1,240, Indian corn 454,218, oats 64,421, 
potatoes 22,849, tobacco 462,936 pounds, cotton 
24,167; 11 stores, cap. $77,000; 2 tanneries, 6 
distilleries, 2 flouring m., 10 grist m., 9 saw m., 1 
printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in 
manufac. $32,950. 4 acad. 117 students, 14 sch. 
295 scholars. Pop. whites 8,072, slaves 1,796, 
free col'd 2 ; total, 9,870. 

Weare, p-t., Hilisboro' co., N. H., 14 s. w. 



WEE 



710 



WEL 



Concord, 475 W. The surface is uneven and 
rough ; soil, well cultivated. Drained by a 
branch of Piscataquog r., whicli afibrds water 
power. Incorporated in 1761. It has 5 stores, 
cap. $8,200 ; 4 fulling m., 1 woollen lac, 1 cotton 
fac. 764 sp., 4 tanneries, 7 grist m., 12 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $48,593. 1 acad. 50 students, 
26 sch. 734 scholars. Pop. 2,375. 

Weare's Bridge, p-v., Belknap Co., N. H., 34 
N. E. Concord, 515 W. 

Wear's Cove, p-o., Sevier co., Tenn., 217 e. 
by s. Nashville, 509 W. 

Weathersfield, p-t., Windsor co., Vt., 74 s. 
Montpelier, 464 W. Bounded e. by Connecti- 
cut r. Watered by Black r., which affords wa- 
ter power. The surface is moderately uneven ; 
soil, fertile, adapted to grazing. It has fine mea- 
dows on Connecticut r. and on Black r. Char- 
tered in 1761. Organized in 1778. It contains 
3 churches — 2 Congregational and 1 Methodist. 
Perkinsville is a flourishing manufactnring v., 
situated in the s. w. part of the t., and contains 2 
churches and a woollen fac. There are in the t. 
6 stores, cap. $19,200; 3 fulling m., 3 woollen 
fac, 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $48,383. 12 sch. 703 scholars. Pop. 
2,081. 

Weathersfield, t, Trumbull co., O., 7 s. e. 
Warren. Watered by IMahoning r., along which 
passes the Pa. and O. canal. It contains 2 stores, 
1 forge, 1 furnace, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 9 sch. 
500 scholars. Pop. 1,447. 

Weaversville, p-v., Allen t., Northampton 
CO., Pa., 100 e. n. e. Harrisburg, 193 W. It con- 
tains 1 store, 1 mill, 1 tannery, and 8 or 10 dwell- 
ings. 

Webbs, p-o., Newton co., Ga., 71 n. w. Mil- 
ledgeville, 653 W. 

Werb's Farm, p-o., Marion co., la., 10 In- 
dianapolis, 579 W. 

Webb's Ford, p-o., Rutherford co., N. C, 215 
w. by s. Raleigh, 452 W. 

Webb's Mills, p-o.. Wood co., Va., 214 w. n. 
w. Richmond, 283 W. 

Webster, p-t., Lincoln co.. Me., 31 s. Augusta, 
574 W. It has 1 fulling ra., 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 
3 saw m. Cap. in manufac $7,625. 12 sch. 405 
scholars. Pop. 1,134. 

Webster, p-t., Worcester co., Mass., 56 w. s. 
w. Boston, 394 W. French r., a branch of Quin- 
nebaug r., runs on its w. border, and affords wa- 
ter power. It has a large pond in its s. part, 3 
ms. long, the outlet of which flows n. w. into 
French r., and atTords water power. The v. con- 
tains 1 Baptist and 1 Methodist church, and seve- 
ral manufactories. A remnant of the Nipmuck 
Indians reside here. There are in the t. 4 stores, 
cap. $8,000; 1 woollen fac, 5 cotton fac. 9,100 
sp., 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $198,600. 4 sch. 278 scholars. Pop. 1,403. 

Webster, p-t., Monroe co., N. Y., 214 w. Ijy 
N. Albany, 371 W. Tlie surface is generally 
level or slightly undulating ; soil, sand and 
gravelly loam. Drained by small creeks flow- 
ing into Lake Ontario, which bounds it on the n. 
It has 2 stores, cap. $9,000 ; 15 sch. 747 scholars. 
Pop. 2,235. 

Webster, p-t., Wa.shtenaw co., Mich., 49 w. 
by s. Detroit, 542 W. The soil is fertile, adapted 
to grain. Portage lake lies in its n. w. part. 
Drained by Huron r. It has several ponds. 

Weedsport, p-v., Brutus t., Cayuga cd., N. 
y., 7 N. Auburn, 155 w. Albany, 341 W. Situ- 
ated on the Erie canal. Incorporated in 1831, 
and contains 2 churches, 8 stores, 1 grist m., 1 
saw m., 120 dwellings, and about 800 inhabit- 
ants. 



Weehadlee, p-o., Randolph co., Ala., 185 E. 
Tuscaloo.sa, 755 W. 

Week's Mills, p-o., Kennebec co., Me., 13 
Augusta, 608 W. 

Weewakaville, p-v., Talladega co., Ala., 
107 E. Tuscaloosa, 770 W. 

Weissenburg, t., Lehigh co.. Pa., 72 e. by n. 
Harrisburg, 180 W. The surface is hilly and 
broken ; soil, gravelly. Watered by Jordan cr. 
and its tributaries. Willow run and Linn run. It 
contains 2 churches, and has 2 stores, capital 
$8,500; 4 tanneries, 15 distilleries, 6 grist m., 3 
saw m. Cap. in manufac $2,700. 4 sch. Ill 
scholars. Pop. 1,427. 

Weisesbiirg, p-v., Baltimore co., Md., 55 n. 
Annapolis, 65 W. 

Welborn, t., Conway co.. Ark. It has 1 
acad. 22 students. Pop. 683. 

Welche's Mills, p-o., CabaiTus co., N. C, 
151 w. by s. Raleigh, 388 W. 

Weld, p-t., Franklin co.. Me., 47 w. n. w. Au- 
gusta, 624 W. It contains a large pond near its 
centre, into which several streams flow, and the 
outlet of wiiich forms a considerable r., flowing 
into Androscoggin r. The surface is diversified ; 
soil, fertile, adapted to grain. It has 1 store, cap. 
$2,000 ; 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 4 saw. Cap. in 
manufac. $6,425. 11 sch. 425 scholars. Pop. 
1,045. 

Weldon, p-v., Halifax co., N. C, 95 n. e. Ra- 
leigh, 204 W. Situated on the s. w. side of Ro- 
anoke r., at the great falls, 12 ms. above Halifax. 
It contains about 150 inhabitants. Below the 
falls the r. is navigable to Albemarle sound. 
There is a canal above this place around the 
falls, 12 rns. long, with a lockage of 100 feet. 
Above the falls, the Roanoke is made boatable 
to Stanton r., over 200 ms. 

Wellborn's Mills, p-o., Hanston co., Ga., 52 
s. w. Milledgeville, 700 W. 

Wellersburg, p-v., Somerset CO., Pa., 128 vv. 
by s. Harrisburg, 145 W. 

Wellfleet, p-t., Barnstable co., Mass., 105 
s. E. Boston, 506 W. Situated on Cape Cod, ex- 
tending across it, about halfway from the elbow 
to the "n. point. Bounded e. by the Atlantic and 
w. by Cape Cod bay. The soil is sandy and un- 
productive. The V. is on the w. side of the Cape, 
and has a good harbor on a bay which sets up 
from Cape Cod bay, protected by several islands 
at its mouth. It is surrounded by sand liills, and 
contains 2 Congregational cliurches. It has con- 
siderable shipping employed in the coasting trade 
and the cod and mackerel fisheries, which era- 
ploy most of the inhabitants. Salt is extensively 
manufactured. It has 15 stores, cap. $19,400 ; 2 
lumber yards, cap. $2,200 ; 1 tannery, 2 grist m. 
Cap. in manufac. $4,150. 10 sch. 640 scholars. 
Pop. 2,377. 

Wellington, p-t., Piscataquis co.. Me., 62 n. 
by E. Augusta, 657 W. A branch of Sebasticook 
r. crosses its s. w. corner. The surface is undu- 
lating ; soil, productive. Pop. 722. 

Wellington, p-o., Camillus t., Onondaga 
CO., N. Y., 144 w. by n. Albany, 352 W. 

Wellington, p-t., Lorain co., O., 101 n. n. e. 
Columbus, 370 W. Drained by branches of 
Black r. It has 3 sch. 90 scholars. Pop. 781. 

Wellington, p-o., Desha co., Ark., 133 s. E. 
Little Rock, 1,071 W. 

Wellington, p-v.. La Fayette co.. Mo., 144 
w. N. w. Jefferson City, 1,058 W. Situated on 
the s. bank of the Missouri r. 

Wells, county, la. Situated in the e. toward 
the N. part of the state, and contains 372 sq. ms. 
Organized in 1837. Wabash r. runs centrally 
through it, and affords good water power. There 



WEL 



711 



WES 



Were in 18J0, neat cattle 1,551, sheep 531, swine 
3,466 ; wheat 4,746 bush, produued, Ind. corn 
48,381, oats 3,911, potatoes 6,827, sugar 7,519 
pounds ; 4 stores, cap. $5,650 ; 1 tannery, 1 saw 
m. Cap. in manuf'ac. $3,520. 1 sch. 25 scholars. 
Pop. 1,822. 

Well.-?, r., Vt., rises in a pond in the n. w. 
part of Groton, and running about 2 ms., enters 
Long Pond, which is about 2 ins. long and 100 
rods wide, and thence pursues a s. e. course, un- 
til its enters Connecticut r., in the n. e. part of 
Newbury. It is a rapid stream and affords good 
water power. Coinieclicut r. is navigable to the 
mouth of this r., where is a v. 

Well.s, p-t., York co.. Me., 30 s. w. by s. Port- 
land, 79 s. w. by s. Augusta, 513 W. Bounded 
s. E. by the Atlantic, into wliich several small 
streams flow, affording wafer power. The soil is 
indifferent, containing extensive salt marsh. It 
has a harbor, which admits small vessels, at the 
mouth of a r. It has some vessels employed in 
the coasting and West India trade, and some ship 
building. It has 13 stores, cap. $7,650 ; 1 fulling 
m., 3 tanneries, 4 grist m., 16 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $600. 21 sch. 1,215 scholars. Fop. 
2,978. 

Wells, p-t., Rutland co., Vt., 83 s. s. w. Mont- 
pelier, 438 W. It contains Lake Austin, a large 
pond partly in Poultney, 5 ms. long, and in some 
places li ms. wide, covering 2,000 ^cres. The 
outlet aflbrds water power, and flows into Pawlet 
r. First settled in 1771, organized in 1773. It 
contains 3 churches — 1 Episcopal, 1 Methodist, 
and 1 Union. There is a small v. at the outlet 
of the pond, whicli contains a church, a store, 
and several mechanic shops and dwellings. 
■Phere are in the t. 1 store, cap. $2,000 ; I fulling 
•ri., 1 woollen fac, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $7,700. 8 sch. 224 scholars. Pop. 740. 

Wells, p-t., Hamilton co., N. Y., 69 n. n. w. 
Albany, 438 W. The surface is various ; soil, 
adapted to grazing and summer crops. Drained 
by Sacondaga r. It has 1 store, cap. $1,000; 1 
grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,700. 3 
sch. 90 scliolars. Pop. 365! 

Wells, t., Bradford co.. Pa. The surface is 
hilly ; soil, gravelly loam. Drained by South 
cr. and its tributaries, and by a branch of Seely 
or. flowing into Tioga r. in 5l. Y. It has 1 store, 
cap. $2,000 ; 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,250. 
8 sch. 355 scholars. Pop. 873. 

Wells, t., Jefferson co., O. Ohio r. runs on 
its s. E. border. Drained by a branch of Cross 
cr., and by small streams flowing into the Ohio. 
It has 1 store, cap. $700; 1 lumber yard, cap. 
$2,000 ; 2 distilleries, 6 fulling in., 4 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $19,400. 7 sch. 450 scholars. Pop. 
1,492. 

Wells, t., 3Iacon co.. Mo. Pop. 680. 

Wellsbokougii, p-v., capital of Tioga co.. Pa., 
145 N. by w. llurrisburg, 259 W. Situated on 
Crooked cr., 3 ms. from the navigable waters of 
Pine cr. It contains a court house, jail, an acad- 
emy, 4 stores, several mechanic shops, 2 taimer- 
ies, 1 distillery, 1 printing ofHce, and about 50 
dwellings. 

Wellsburg, p-v., capital of Brooke co., Va., 
16 N. by E. Wheeling, 314 n. w. Richmond, 205 
W. Situated on the e. side of Ohio r., at the 
mouth of Buffalo cr., and contains a court house, 
jail, county offices, a market house, a bank, an 
academy, ihe .leflbrson seminary, a female semi- 
nary, 4 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 
Methodist, and 1 Disciples — 250 dwellings, and 
about 2,000 inhabitants. It has various mills and 
manufactories, and is surrounded by inexhausti- 
ble beds of bituuunous coal. 



Wells Corners, p-o., Minisink t, Orange co,, 
N. Y., 115 s. s. w. Albany, 275 W. 

Wells River, p-o., Orange co., Vt., 38 e. s. e. 
Montpelier, 521 W. Situated at the v., at the 
mouth of Wells r. 

Wellsville, p-v., Scio t., Alleghany co., N. 
Y., 270 w. by s. Albany, 316 W. Situated on 
the E. side of Genesee r., and contains 3 stores, 1 
grist ra., 1 saw ra., 35 dwellings, and about 250 
inhabitants. 

Wellsvtlle, p-v.. Yellow Creek t., Colum- 
biana CO., O., 51 E. N. E. Columbus, 272 W. Sit- 
uated on the N. bank of Ohio r., at the mouth of 
Little Yellow cr., and contains 3 forwarding and 
commission houses, 1 wholesale grocery, several 
stores, 1 steam saw m., 1 steam flouring m., 1 air 
furnace, and a boat-yard. Two steam-packets 
ply daily to Pittsburg, and a mail steamboat plies 
daily to Wheeling. The annual exportation of 
flimr exceeds 30,000 barrels, and the trade with 
the interior is extensive. Pop. 759. 

Wellwood, p-v., Haywood Co., Tenn., 154 
w. s. w. Nashville, 839 W. 

Welshfield, p-o., Geauga co., O., 160 n. e. 
Columbus, 326 W. 

Welsh Run, p-o., Montgomery t., Franklin co., 
Pa., 67 w. s. w. llarrisburg, 80 W. This stream 
is a tributary of the w. branch of Conecocheague 
creek. 

Welsh's Creek, p-o., Butler co., Ky., 131 s. 
w. Frankfort, 673 W. 

Wendull, p-t., Sullivan co., N. H., 44 n. w. 
Concord, 479 W. More than one half of Sunapee 
lake, which contains 4,095 acres, lies in this t. 
It ibrms the principal source of Sugar r. Incor- 
porated in 1781. It has 2 grist m., 2 saw m., 6 
sch. 300 scholars. Pop. 795. 

Wendi:ll, p-t., FranJilin co., Mass., 78 w. by 
N. Boston, lOS VV. The surface is uneven and 
lully ; soil, fertile. Bounded n. by 31iller's r., 
which atTords water power. It contains a Con- 
gregational and a Baptist church. Incorporated 
in 1781. It has 3 stores, cap. $4,100 ; 1 grist m. 
9 saw m. Cap. in manulac. ,$2,525. Pop. 875. 

Wenil\m, p-t., Essex co., Ma.ss., 20 n. by E. 
Boston, 460 W. Wenliam pond, a beautiful sheet 
of water, lies on its s. border, from which flows 
a branch of Ipswich r. It contains 1 Congrega- 
tional and 1 Baptist churcJL Incorporated in 
1043, when it v^as called Enon, from its vicinity 
to Salem, and the fine \\'ater of its pond. It has 
1 store, cap. $850. Cap. in manufac. $2,800. 4 
sch. 120 scholars. Pop. 689. 

Wenlock, t., Essex co., Vt., 53 n. e. Montpe- 
lier. Chartered in 1761, but is iiiiorgunizcd, and 
contains but a few families. Watered by a 
branch of Nulhegan r. 1,200 pounds of sugar 
were manufactured in 1840. The surface is 
elevated and mountainous. Pop. 28. 

Wkntworth, p-t., (irafton co., N. IT., 56 x. n. 
w. Concord, 517 \V. Watered by Bilker's r. 
The surface is hilly and mountainous ; soil, fer- 
tile, especially on the streams. Limestone and 
iron ore are found. Chartered in 17()6. It has 
3 stores, cap. .$8,01)0 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 
1 tannery, 2 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $11,380. 10 sch. 306 scJiolars. Pop. 1,119. 

WEXTwoRTit, p-v., capital of Rockingham co., 
N. C, 116 N. w. Raleigh, 285 W, Situated on 
a branch of Dan r. It contains a court house, 
jail, and about 100 inhabitants, 

Wert's Grove, p-o,, Franklin co,, O., 12 Co- 
lumbus, 397 W. 

Wesaw, t., Berrien co., Mich. It has 1 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $3,000. 2 sch, 45 scholars. 
Pop. 142. 

Wesley, p-t., Washington co.. Me., 169 e. 



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712 



WES 



Augusta, 751 W. It has 1 grist m., 1 saw m., 2 
sch. 119 scholars. Pop. 255. 

Wesley, p-o., Venango cc. Pa., 220 n. w. 
Hamsburg, 271 W. 

Wesley, p-t., Washington co., O., 94 e. s. e. 
Columbus, 315 W. The surface is moderately 
uneven ; soil, fertile, and generally well cultiva- 
ted. Pop. 1,132. 

Wesley, p-v., Haywood co., Tenn., 171 w. 
s. w. Nashville, 85'J W. 

Wesley, p-v., Fulton co., la., 107 n. Indian- 
apolis, 610 W. 

Wesley V I lle, p-v.. Mill Creek t., Erie co.. 
Pa., 274 N. w. Harrisburg, 347 W. 

Wessex, p-o., Essex t. and co., N. Y., 135 n. 
Albany, 510 W. 

West, t., Huntingdon co.. Pa., 8 n. Hunting- 
ton b. The surface is mountainous ; soil, in the 
valleys, calcareous loam. Watered by tlie 
Frankslown branch of Juniata r. It has 3 stores, 
cap. $17,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 
Ibrges, 1 distillery, 1 flouring m., 3 grist m., 7 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $17,595. 4 sch. 144 
scholars. Pop. 1,629. 

West, t., Columbiana co., O. Situated on 
the line of the Sandy and Beaver canal. Drain- 
ed by branches of Sandy cr. It has 7 sch. 205 
scholars. Pop. 1,913. 

West AddisoiX, p-o., Addison t., Steuben co., 
N. Y., 233 w. by s. Albany, 298 W. 

West Alburg, p-o., Alburg t.. Grand Isle co., 
Vt., 91 N. w. Montpclier, 565 W. 

West Alexandria, p-v., Donegal t., Wash- 
ington CO., Pa., 225 w. Harrisburg, 253 W. Situ- 
ated on the national road, and contains 1 Pres- 
byterian church, 3 stores, and about 50 dwell- 
ings. 

West Alexandria, p-v., Preble co., O., 188 
w. by s. Columbus, 481 W. It is situated on the 
w. bank of Twin cr., on the line of 2 townships, 
Twin and Lanier. It contains 1 Lutheran church, 
3 stores, 40 dwellings, and about 250 inhabit- 
ants. 

West Almond, p-t., Alleghany co., N. Y., 6 
K. Angelica, 255 w. by s. Albany, 330 W. The 
surface is hilly ; soil, a fertile clay loam. Drain- 
ed by Angelica cr. It has 1 store, cap. $2,500 ; 
2 saw ra. Cap. in manufac. $1,000. 12 sch. 330 
scholars. Pop. 808. 

West Alton, p-v., Alton t., Belknap co., N. 
H., 36 n. e. Concord, 517 W. 

West Amesbury, p-o., Ame.sbury t., Essex 
CO., Mass., 41 N. E. Boston, 471 W. 

West Argyle, p-o., Argyle t., Penobscot co.. 
Me.. 87 N. e. Augusta, 683 W. 

West Arlington, p-v., Arlington t., Ben- 
nington CO., Vt., 106 s. w. Montpelier, 416 W. 

VVest Auburn, p-o.. Auburn t., Susquehanna 
CO., Pa., 165 N. n. e. Harrisburg, 276 W. 

West Baldwin, p-o., Baldwin t., Cumberland 
CO., Mo , 76 s. w. Augusta, 552 W. 

West Barnstable, p-v., Barnstable t. and 
CO., Mass., 68 s. s. e. Boston, 469 W. 

West Baiire, p-o., Barre t., Huntingdon co.. 
Pa., 88 w. Harrisburg, 166 W. 

West Beaver Dam, p-o., Beaver Dam t.. 
Erie co.. Pa., 271 n. w. Harrisburg, 352 W. 

West Becket, p-o., Becket t., Berkshire co., 
Mass., 121 w. Boston, 373 W. 

West Bedford, p-v., Bedford t., Coshocton 
CO., O., 73 N. E. Columbus, 350 W. It contains 
3 stores, 1 tannery, 25 dwellings, and about 150 
inhabitants. 

West Bedford, p-v.. White co., la., 81 N. w. 
Indianapolis, 640 W. Situated on w. side of 
Tippecanoe r., and contains about 25 inhabit- 
tants. 



West Berkshire, p-o., Berkshire t., Frank- 
lin CO., Vt., 71 N. N. w. Montpelier, 556 W. 

West Bergen, p-o., Bergen t., Genesee co., 
N. Y. 

West Bethel, p-o.. Bethel t., Oxford co.. Me., 
67 w. Augusta, 606 W. 

West Bethlehem, t., Washington co.. Pa., 
12 s. E. Washington b. The surface is hilly ; 
soil, loam. Coal is abundant. The national road 
passes through it. It has 2 stores, cap. $8,000 ; 3 
grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,300. 
Pop. 1,743. 

West Blocmfield, p-t., Ontario co., N. Y., 
219 w. Albany, 355 W. The surface is imeven ; 
soil, clay. Drained by Honeoye cr. The v. 
has an elevated situation, and contains 3 churches 
— 2 Presbyterian and I Methodist — 4 stores, 1 
furnace, 75 dwellings, and about 400 inhabitants. 
There are in the t. 9 stores, cap. $20,400 ; !? ful- 
ling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 tannery, 1 distillery, 3 
potteries, 4 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$140,940. 1 acad. 95 students, 17 sch. 646 schol- 
ars. Pop. 2,094. 

West Bloomfield, p-v., Bloomfield t., Essex 
CO., N. J., 56 N. e. Trenton, 226 W. Bloomfield 
v. and W. Bloomfield may be considered as one 
settlement, which extends about 3 ms. in a n. w. 
direction, the whole containing 300 dwellings, 
and about 1,800 inhabitants. The leather trade 
and siioemaking are extensive, and there are 
several mills and factories. 

West Bloomfield, p-t., Oakland co., Mich., 
32 n. w. Detroit, 554 W. It has several small 
lakes which discharge their waters uito Clinton 
r. It has 1 flouring m., 1 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $2,000. Pop. 938. 

Westborough, p-t., Worcester co., Mass., 30 
w. Boston, 412 W. The surface is pleasanlly 
diversified ; soil, fertile. Watered by branches 
of Concord and Sudbury rivers, which afford wa- 
ter power. It contains 1 Congregational, 1 Uni- 
tarian, and 1 Baptist church. The v. at the cen- 
tre contains about 50 dwelling.s. There arc in 
the t. 3 stores, cap. $17,000; 2 lumber yards, cap. 
$7,000 ; ] tannery, 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $27,900. 8 sch. 453 scholars. Pop. 
1,658. 

West Boscawen, p-o., Boscawen t, Merri- 
mac CO., N. H., 19 n. w. Concord, 484 W. 

West Boxford, p-o., Boxford t., Essex co., 
Mass., 27 N. Boston, 460 W. 

West Boyleston, p-t., Worcester co., Mass., 
42 w. Boston, 405 W. It has 2 cotton fac. 3,500 
sp. Cap. in manufac. $5,000. 5 sch. 309 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,187. 

West Bradford, p-o., Bradford t., Essex co., 
Mass., 32 n. Boston, 463 W. 

West Bradford, t., Chester co.. Pa., 11 s. w. 
Chester, 33 w. Philadelphia. The surface is 
hilly ; soil, calcareous loam. Brandy wine r. runs 
on its s. w. boundary, by branches of wliich it is 
drained, and which afford water power. It has 
5 stores, cap. $18,000; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen 
fac, 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $10,180. 6 sch. 220 scholars. Pop. 
1,562. 

West Braintree, p-o., Braintree t., Orange 
CO., Vt., 32 s. s. w. Montpelier, 495 W. 

West Branch, p-o., Grafton co., N. H., 44 n. 
Concord, 525 W. 

West Buanoh, p-o., Western t., Oneida co., 
N. Y., 120 w. N. w. Albany, 404 W. 

West Brattleboro', p v., Braltleboro' t, 
Windham co., Vt., 123 s. Montpelier, 424 W. 

West Brewster, p-o., Brewster t., Barnsta- 
ble CO., Mass., 87 s. E. Bos^ton, 488 W. 

West Bridge water, p-t., Plymouth co., Mass., 



WES 



713 



WES 



25 s. Boston. Surface, level ; soil, fertile. Drain- 
ed by a brancli of Taunton r., which affords wa- 
ter power. Chartered in 1823, first settled in 
1641. It contains 3 churches — 1 Unitarian, 1 
Baptist, and 1 New Jerusalem. It has 4 stores, 
cap. $3,300 ; 3 furnaces, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $'24,525. 7 sch. 285 scholars. Pop. 
1,201. 

West BaooK, t., CuiTiberland cc. Me., 52 s. 
s. w. Augusta. Presumpscot r. passes through it 
from w. to K., affording good water power. It 
contains the manutacturing v. of Sacarappa, and 
another called Stroudwater, which has some 
navigation, employed in the coasting trade and 
the fisheries. The Cumberland and Oxford ca- 
nal passes through the t. Tliere are in the t. 24 
stores, cap. $13,850; 2 fulling m., 2 furnaces, 8 
tanneries, 10 grist m., 13 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $236,460. 2 aead. 80 students, 15 sch. 1,439 
scholars. Pop. 4,116. 

West BaooK, p-t, Middlesex co., Ct., 47 s. by 
E. Hartford, 329 W. The v. is situated at the 
entrance of Pochaug r. into a small cove, which 
sets up from Long Island sound. It contains a 
Congregational and a 3Iethodist cliurch. Ship 
buildhig is carried on, and 15 vessels are owned, 
employed chiefly in the coasting trade. First 
settled in 1664. There are in the t. 3 stores, cap. 
$6,000; 2 grist m,, 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$7,100. 6 sch. 190 scholars. Pop. 1,182. 

West Biiook:, p-o., Bladen co., N. C, 117 s. 
Raleigh, 396 W. 

West Biiookfield, p-c, Brookfield t., Wor- 
cester CO., Mass., 62 \v. Boston, 391 W. 

We.st Brookville, p-o., Mamakating t., Sul- 
livan CO., N. Y., 118 s. w. Albany, 274 W. 

West Buooksville, p-o., Brooksville t., Han- 
cock CO., Me., 80 E. Augusta. 

West Brunswick, t., Schuylkill co., Pa. 
Pop. 1,701. 

West Buckfield, p-o., Buckfield t., Oxford 
CO., Me., 35 w. by s. Augusta, 594 W. 

West Buffalo, t.. Union co.. Pa., 8 n. vv. New 
Berlin. The surface is diversified ; soil, calca- 
reous loam. Drained by White Deer, Buffalo, 
and Penn's creeks. It has 2 tanneries, 2 distil- 
leries, 4 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$8,130. 7 sch. 380 scholars. Pop. 1,460. 

West Buff.\lo, p-o., Scott co., Iowa. 

Westburg, p-o., Williams co., O., 160 n. w. 
Columbus, 512 W. 

West Burli.xgton, po., Burlington t., Ot.vego 
CO., N. Y., 86 w. Albany, 358 W. 

West Burlington, p-o., Burlington t., Brad- 
ford CO., Pa., 148 N. by e. Harrisburg, 258 W. 

West Cambridge, p-t., Middlesex co., 3IaRs., 
. 6 N. w. Boston, 446 W. The surface in the s. 
part is low and swampy, in the n. broken and 
rocky, the middle is dry and healthy ; soil, fer- 
tile and well cultivated. The v. is on a single 
street, 1 m. long, and contains 3 churches — 1 
Congregational, 1 Baptist, and 1 Universalist. 
Incorporated in 1807. Alewife brook separates it 
from Cambridge, and affords water power. It 
contains Spy pond. There are in the t. 16 stores, 
cap. $40,000; 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 1 saw ra. 
Cap. in manufac. $155,600. 1 acad. 9 students, 
3 sch. 277 scholars. Pop. 1,363. 

West Camden, p-o., Camden t., Waldi co., 
Me., 48 E. s. E. Augusta, 625 W. 

West Camden, p-o., Camden t., Oneida co., 
N. Y., 133 w. N. w. Albany, 394 W. 

West Camp, p-v., Saugerties t., Ulster co., 
N. Y., 42 s. by w. Albany, 334 W. Situated on 
the w. side of Hudson r., with a convenient land- 
ing, 4 ms. above Ulster v. 

West Caln, t., Chester co.. Pa., 44 w. by n. 
90 



Philadelphia. The surface is hilly ; soil, gravel, 
fertile, and well cultivated. The w. branch of 
Brandy wine r. flows on its e. boundary, and af- 
fords water power. It has 5 stores, cap. $10,600 ; 
2 woollen fac, 2 cotton fac. 1,084 sp., 1 tannery, 
2 flouring m., 3 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $14,730. 6 sch. 220 scholars. Pop. 1,383. 

West Canaan, p-v., Canaan t., Madison co., 
O., 22 w. by N. Columbus, 415 W. Situated in 
Amity v., on the w. side of Big Darby cr. It 
contains 1 brick church, 2 stores, 1 woollen fac, 
1 saw m., and about 25 dwellings. 

West Canada Creek. N. Y., rises in Hamil- 
ton CO., and flows into Mohawk r., 1 m. above 
Herkimer v. It is a rapid stream, and affords 
great water power. The celebrated Trenton 
falls are on this stream, 20 ms. above its mouth, 
where is a succession of cataracts, within 4 ms., 
of over 300 feet descent. 

West Candor, p-o.. Candor t., Tioga co., N. 
Y., 175 w. s. w. Albany, 284 W. 

West Carli.sle, p-v.. Pike t., Coshocton co., 
O., 72 N. E. Columbus, 354 W. Situated oii the 
Ohio canal, and contains 2 churches, 3 stores, 20 
mechanic shops, 40 dwellings, and about 250 in- 
habitants. 

West Carlton, p-o., Carlton t., Orleans co., 
N. Y., 262 w. by n. Albany, 405 W. 

West Carrollton, p-v.. Green t., Fairfield 
CO., O., 25 s. E. Columbus, 335 W. 

West Catlin, p-o., Catlin t., Chemung co., 
N. Y., 197 w. by s. Albany, 299 W. 

West Cayuta, p-o., Cayuta t., Chemung co., 
N. Y., 193 w. by s. Albany, 296 W. 

West Charleston, p-v., Charleston t., Pe- 
nobscot CO., Me., 93 N. N. E. Augusta, 688 W. 

West CnARr,E.sTON, p-v., Charleston t., Or- 
leans CO., Vt., 64 N. N. E. Montpelier, 580 W. 
Situated on Clyde r. 

West Charleston, p-v.. Bethel t., Miami co., 
O., 78 w. Columbus, 471 W. It contains I 
church, 3 stores, 25 dwellings, and about 150 in- 
habitants. 

West Charlton, p-v., Charlton t., Saratoga 
CO., N. Y., 33 N. N. w. Allwny, 401 W. It con- 
tains 1 church, 1 store, and about 25 dwellings, 
and is an agricultural settlement. 

West Chateaugay, p-o., Chateaugay t., Frank- 
lin CO., N. Y., 207 N. by w. Albany, 546 W. 

West Ciia/v, p-v., Chazy t., Clinton co., N. 
Y., 173 N. Albany, 547 W. Situated on Little 
Chazy r., and contains 1 Presbyterian church, 7 
stores, 1 woollen fac, 1 grist ni., 1 saw ra., and 
about 35 dwellings. 

West Che.mung, p-o., Chemung co., N. Y., 
ISS w. by s. Albany, 274 W. 

Westchester, county, N. Y. Situated in the 
s. E. part of the state, and contains 470 sq. ms. 
Hudson r. bounds it on the w., and Long Island 
sound on the s. e. The surface is uneven and 
hilly ; soil, in many parts, fertile and highly cul- 
tivated. Drained by Bronx, Sawmill, and Cro- 
ton rivers. Marble is abundant at Sing Sing and 
the vicinity, and some copper ore has been found. 
Capital, White Plains. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 26,131, sheep 20,043, swine 155,187 ; wheat 
35,267 bush, produced, rye 99,574, Indian com 
318,028, buckwheat 57,2"26, barley 1,181, oats 
449,090, potatoes 620,920 ; 198 stores, capital 
$525,900 ; 6 furnaces, 7 fulling m., 5 woollen fac, 
11 tanneries, 1 distillery, 2 potteries, 5 flouring 
m., 49 grist rn., 56 saw m., 1 paper fac, 5 printing 
offices, 5 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac 
$616,055. 24 acad. 703 students, 121 sch. 3,922 
scholars. Pop. 48,686. 

West Chester, p-o., Chester t., Rockingham 
CO., N. H., 21 s. s. E. Concord, 469 W. 



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West Chester, p-v., Colchester t., New Lon- 
don CO., Ct., 29 s. s. E. Hartford, 343 W. It has 
a Congregational church, and a grammar school 
sustained by a fund, and is a pleasant agricultural 
settlement. 

Westchester, p-t., Westchester co., N. Y., 
146 s. Albany, 237 W. The surface is rolling or 
hilly ; soil, clay loam, fertile and well cultivated. 
Drained by Bronx r. Harlem and Ea.«t rivers 
are on the s. It contains the villages of Morri- 
siana and Fordham. The Harlem rail-cars pass 
many times daily from the City Hall, N. \ ., to 
the latter. Westchester v. is situated on West- 
chester cr., and contains 3 churches — 1 Episco- 
pal, 1 Methodist, and 1 Friends — 4 stores, 1 grist 
m., 50 dwellings, and about 400 inhabitants. It 
has a convenient landing, and 3 sloops ply to 
New York. There are in the t. 4 sch. 142 sehol- 
nrs. Pop. 4,154. 

West Chester, p-b., capital of Chester co.. 
Pa., 73 E. s. e. Harrishurg, 118 W. Situated 2 
ms. if. of Brandywine r. Incorporated in 1799 
as a borough. It is regularly laid out, with streets 
crossing each other at right angles, and contains 
a court house, jail, county offices, an academy, 
a bank, 2 market houses, 5 churches — 1 Presby- 
terian, 1 Methodist, 2 Friends, and 1 Roman 
Catholic — an atheneum with a reading room, a 
cabinet of natural science, which supports lec- 
tures, a Hbrary ; 32 stores, cap. $111,600 ; 1 brew- 
ery, 1 pottery, 4 printing offices, 4 weekly news- 
papers. Cap. in manufac. $73,450. 5 acad. 364 
students, 6 sch. 142 scholars. Pop. 2,152. 

West Chester, p-v.. Union t., Butler co., O., 
106 w. s. w. Columbus, 490 W. 

West Claremont, p-o., Claremont t., Sulli- 
van CO., N. H., 53 w. N. w. Concord, 460 W. 

West Cl.\rk.sville, p-o., Clarksville t., Al- 
leghany CO., N. Y., 289 w. by s. Albany, 308 W. 

West Conesus, p-o., Conesus t., Livingston 
CO., N. Y., 234 w. Albany, 343 W. 

West Cornwall, p-o., Cornwall t., Litch- 
field CO., Ct., 41 w. by N. Hartford, 331 W. Sit- 
uated on the E. side of Housatonic r., and con- 
tains a Baptist church, a satinet fac, and a few 
dwellings. 

West Cocalico, t., Lancaster co.. Pa. The 
surface is hilly ; soil, red shale and loam. Drain- 
ed by Cocalico cr. It has 7 stores, cap. $26,000 ; 
2 tanneries, 4 flouring m., 3 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $25,900. Pop. 1,229. 

West Constable, p-o., Westville t., Franklin 
CO., N. Y., 221 N. by w. Albany, 550 W. 

West Creek, p-o., Monmouth co., N. J., 66 e. 
Trenton, 195 W. 

West Creek, p-o.. Lake co., la., 170 n. n. w. 
IndianapoUs, 714 W. 

West Davenport, p-o., Davenport t., Del- 
aware CO., N. Y., 77 w. s. w. Albany, 354 W. 

West Day, p-o.. Day t., Saratoga co., N. Y., 
60 N. Albany, 428 W. 

West Dedham, p-v., Dedham t., Norfolk co., 
Mass., 16 s. w. Boston, 430 W. It contains a 
Baptist and a Unitarian chiu-ch. 

West Deer, t., Alleghany co., Pa., 16 n. e. 
Pittsburg. The surface is hilly ; soil, loam. 
Drained by Deer cr. It has 5 stores, cap. $3,100 ; 
4 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,250. 
1 acad. 40 students, 6 sch. 402 scholars. Pop. 1,414. 

West Deerfield, p-o., Deerfield t., Rocking- 
ham CO., N. H., 14 e. s. e. Concord, 476 W. 

West Deering, p-o., Deering t., Hillsboro' 
CO., N. H., 24 s. w. Concord, 464 W. 

West Dennis, p-o., Dennis t., Barnstable co., 
Mass., 83 s. e. Boston, 484 W. 

West Derby, p-o., Derby t., Orleans co., Vt., 
61 N. Montpelier, 577 W. 



West Donegal, t., Lancaster co., Pa., 17 pr, 
w. Lancaster. It has 5 stores, cap. $21,200 ; 1 
furnace, 1 distillery, 5 flouring m., 6 grist m. 
Cap. in manufac. $25,900. 12 sch. 616 scholars. 
Pop. 2,510. 

West Dresden, p-o., Yates co., N. Y., 190 
w. Albany, 327 W. 

West Dryden, p-v., Dryden t., Tompkins co., 
N. Y., 169 w. by n. Albany, 305 W. 

West Dummerston, p-o., Dummerston t., 
Windham co., Vt., 119 s. Montpelier, 429 W. 

West Earl, t., Lancaster co.. Pa., 13 N. w. 
Lancaster. The surface is rolling ; soil, red shale 
and gravel. Drained by Conestoga cr. It has 
4 stores, cap. $23,500 ; 2 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 
2 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 5 flouring m., 2 grist m., 
6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $26,520. 2 sch. 82 
scholars. Pop. 1,723. 

West Edmeston, p-o., Edmeston t., Otsego 
CO., N. Y., 90 w. Albany, 360 W. 

West Ely, p-o., Marion co.. Mo., 119 n. n. E. 
JeflTerson City, 933 W. 

West Embden, p-o., Embden t., Somerset co.. 
Me., 48 N. N. w. Augusta, 643 W. 

West Enosburg, p-o., Enosburg t., Franklin 
CO., Vt., 53 N. N. w. Montpelier, 555 W. 

Wester LOO, p-t., Albany co., N. Y., 22 s. w. 
Albany, 368 W. The surface is undulating; 
soil, in some parts, fertile. Drained by Provost 
cr., and other tributaries of Catskill cr. It has 8 
stores, cap. $31,300 ; 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 9 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $13,480. 24 sch. 1,142 
scholars. Pop. 3,096. 

Westerly, p-t., Washington co., R. I., 42 s. s. 
w. Providence, 373 W. The surface is uneven 
and rough ; soil, gravelly loam, adapted to graz- 
ing. Bounded s. by the Atlantic, and w. by Ct. 
Pawcatuck r. runs on its n. and w. border, and 
afTords water power. Pawcatuck v. is situated 
on Pawcatuck r., in its w. part, 6 ms. from the 
ocean, and contains 3 churches — 1 Episcopal, 1 
Baptist, and 1 free — 2 banks, 2 academies, 8 or 
10 stores, 1 cotton fac, and about 60 dwellings. 
Ship building is a considerable business. Ves- 
sels of 40 tons come to the place, and of 80 tons 
2 ms. below. A bridge crosses to Stonington, 
where is a small connected v. The Providence 
and Stonington railroad passes through the place. 
There are in the t. 12 stores, cap. $24,500; 2 
fulling m., 4 woollen fac, 2 cotton fac. 2,536 sp., 
2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $106,450. 14 sch. 574 scholars. Pop. 1,912. 

Westerman's Mills, p-o., Frederick co., 
Md. 

West Feliciana, parish, La. (See Feliciana, 
West.) 

Western, t., Oneida co., N. Y., 18 n. w. Utica, 
110 w. N. w. Albany. The surface is hilly ; soil, 
moist loam, and very productive in the valleys- 
Drained by Mohawk r. and its tributaries. It 
has 2 stores, cap. $11,000; 1 fulling m., 1 wool 
len fac, 3 tanneries, 3 grist m., 15 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac $33,500. 20 sch. 218 scholars. Pop. 
3,488. 

Western Ford, p-o., Randolph co., Va., 240 
N. w. Richmond, 266 W. 

Westernport, p-v., Alleghany co., Md., 24 
s. w. Cumberland, 187 w. n. w. Annapolis, 147 
W. Situated on the n. side of Potomac r., at the 
mouth of Savage r. 

Western Prong, p-o., Bladen co., N. C, 115 
s. Raleigh, 403 W. 

Western Star, p-o., Medina co., O., 122 n. 
E. Columbus, 337 W. 

Westernville, p-v.. Western t., Oneida co., 
N. Y., 109 w. n. w. Albany, 399 W. Situated 
on the s. side of Mohawk r., and contains 1 Pres- 



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715 



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byterian and 1 Friends church, 3 stores, 1 grist 
m., 1 saw m., 1 tannery, 40 dwellings, and about 
250 inhabitants. 

Westernville, p-c, Franklin co., O., 14 
Columbus, 40G W. 

West Exeter, p-o., Exeter t., Otsego co., N 
Y., 81 w. Albany, 371 W. 

West Fairfield, p-v., Fairfield t., Westmore- 
land CO., Pa., 160 w. Harrisburg, 186 W. It con- 
tains 1 store, and 8 or 10 dwellings. 

West Fairlee, p-t., Orange co., Vt., 36 s. E. 
Montpelier, 303 W. The surface is mountainous 
and rough ; soil, adapted to grazing. Watered 
by Ompompanoosuc r. Separated from Fairlee, 
and chartered in 1797. It contains a Congrega- 
tional church. Fairlee lake lies on its s. E. bor- 
der. It has 1 store, cap. $3,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 
tannery, 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in nvanufac. 
$5,675. 7 sch. 297 scholars. Pop. 824. 

West Falmouth, p-o., Falmouth t., Cumber- 
land CO., Me., 56 s. w. Augusta, 552 W. 

West Falmouth, p-o., Falmouth t., Barnsta- 
ble CO., 3fass., 71 s. e. by e. Boston, 469 W. 

West Fallowfield, t., Chester co.. Pa., 37 
w. Philadelphia. The surface is a gentle de- 
clivity ; soil, loam and slate. Buck run. Doe 
run, Pusey cr. run, and Octara creek flow on its 
boundaries. It has 4 stores, cap. $11,500; 2 
■woollen fac, 2 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $1,795. 
7 sch. 375 scholars. Pop. 1,717. 

Westfall, t., Pike co.. Pa. It has 1 sch. 20 
scholars. Pop. 359. 

West Far.mi.ngton, p-o., Farmington t., On- 
tario CO., N. Y., 201 w. Albany, 317 W. 

West Farmington, p-o., Novi t., Oakland co., 
Mich., 25 N. w. Detroit, 537 W. 

West Farms, p-v., Westchester t. and co., N. 
Y., 11 N. E. New York, 146 s. Albany, 237 W. 
Situated on Bronx r., and contains 3 churches — 
1 Presbyterian, 1 Dutcii Reformed, and 1 Meth- 
odist — 12 stores, 2 carpet fac, 1 rug fac, 1 ma- 
chine shop, 1 grist m., 1 saw m. for sawing ma- 
hogany, 150 dwellings, and about 1,200 hihabit- 
ants. 

West Fayette, p-o., Fayette t., Seneca co., 
N. Y., 182 w. Albany, 336 W. 

Westfieli), p-t., Orleans co., Vt., 51 n. Mont- 
pelier, 567 W. The surface is mountainous on 
the w., but more level on the e., where the soil 
is fertile. Hazen's Notch, in the w. branch of 
the Green mountains, is in the s. w. corner. Wa- 
tered by Missisque r. and its branches, which af- 
ford water power. It contains a Congregational 
church, and several other religious societies. 
Chartered in 1780, first settled in 1799. It has 2 
Btores, cap. $2,500 ; 1 tannery, 4 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $11,600. 4 sch. 148 scholars. Pop. 
370. 

Westfield, p-t., Hampden co., Mass., 100 w. 
by s. Boston, 364 W. The surface is level in the 
centre, though uneven and hilly in other parts ; 
soil, various, and in some parts fertile. Drained 
by Westfield r., and its tributary Little r., which 
aflTord water power. The v. is pleasantly situa- 
ted on a plain, with a handsome public ground in 
the centre, and contains a town bouse, an acad- 
emy, a bank, a Congregational and a Baptist 
church, several stores, and about 150 dwellings. 
It has a number of whip fac, which manufacture 
to a large amount. The Ilampshu'e and Hampden 
canal passes through the t. Incorporated in 1669. 
There are in the t. 25 stores, cap. .$30,000 ; 1 tan- 
nery, 4 powder m., 2 paper fac, 1 printing ofFice, 
1 weekly newspaper, 3 grist ra., 6 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $102,000. 1 acad. 219 students, 19 
sch. 667 scholars. Pop. 3,526. 

Westfield, t., Kicfamond co., N. Y., 153 s. 



Albany. Situated on the s. w. part of Staten 
Island. The surface is generally level ; soil, 
sandy loam, with some clay. New York lower 
bay bounds it on the e., and Staten Island sound 
on the w. It contains Richmond v., the capital 
of the CO. Tliere are are in the t. 6 sch. 228 
scholars. Pop. 2,326. 

Westfield, p-t., Chautauque co., N. Y., 342 
w. by s. Albany, 345 W. The surface is liilly ; 
soil, a fertile loam. Drained by Chautauque cr., 
and other creeks flowing into Lake. Erie, which 
l)ounds it on the n. w. The v. is situated on 
Chautauque cr., li m. from the lake, and con- 
tains 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 
and 1 Methodist — an academy, 14 stores, 2 flour- 
ing m., 4 saw m., 1 axe fac, 2 clothiers' w'orks, 1 
tannery, 1 distillery, 200 dwellings, and about 
1,000 inhabitants. Tliere are in the t. 3 commis- 
sion houses, cap. $14,000 ; 22 stores, cap. $81,865 ; 
3 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 1 flouring 
m., 4 grist m., 13 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $61,833. 1 acad. 145 students, 21 sch. 1,316 
scholars. Pop. 3,199. 

Westfield, p-t., Essex co., N. J., 45 n. e. 
Trenton, 212 W. The surface is hilly n., level 
s. ; soil, N. clay loam, s. red shale. Rahway r. 
bounds it on the e.. Green brook on the w. ■ The 
v. contains 1 Pre,sbyterian church, a store, and 
25 or 30 dwellings. There are in the t. 12 stores, 
cap. $23,300 ; 1 tannery, 1 paper fac, 5 flouring 
m., 4 grist ra., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufactures 
$110,530. 2 acad. 70 students, 14 sch. 444 schol- 
ars. Pop. 3,150. 

Westfield, p-t., Tioga co.. Pa., 168 n. by w. 
Harrisburg, 282 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, 
gravel and clay. Drained by Cowanesque cr., 
which flows into Tioga r. It has 1 store, cap. 
$1,000 ; 5 sch. 215 scholars. Pop. 921. 

Westfield, p-t., Delaware co., O., 28 n. Co- 
lumbus, 413 W. Watered by the e. fork of Olen- 
tangy r. It has 6 sch. 170 scholars. Pop. 1,019. 

Westfield, t., Medina co., O. It has 1 store, 
cap. $6,000 ; 1 tannery. 4 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac $3,250. 4 sch. 153 scholars. Pop. 1,030. 

Westfield, p-o., Kalamazoo co., ]\Iich. 

Westfield, p-o., Hamilton co., la., 27 N. In- 
dianapolis, 5S1 W. 

Westfield, p-o., Clarke co.. 111., 106 e. by s. 
Springfield, 678 W. 

West Findlav, p-t., Washington co., Pa., 231 
w. Harrisburg, 247 W. The surface is very 
hilly ; soil, loam. Drained by branches of 
Wheeling cr. It has 1 tannery, 5 grist m., 3 saw 
Cap. in manufac $2,800. 8 sch. 250 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,187. 

West Florence, p-v., Jackson t., Preble co., 
O., 101 w. by s. Columbus, 494 W. 

Westfoud, p-t., Chittenden co., Vt., 13 n. e. 
Burlington, 56 n. w. Montpelier, 531 W. The 
surface is uneven and rough ; soil, adapted to 
grazing. Watered by Brown's r., a branch of 
Lamoille r. Chartered in 1763. It contains 1 
Congregational, 1 Bapiist,and 1 Methodist church. 
It has 4 stores, cap. $10,300 : 1 fulling m., 1 tan- 
nery, 1 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufactures 
$7,180. 11 sch. 413 scholars. Pop. 1,352. 

Westford, p-t., Middlesex co., Mass., 8 w. by 
s. Lowell, 32 n. w. Boston, 436 W. The surface 
is elevated ; soil, strong and productive. Watered 
by Stony r., issuing from a pond in its s. w. cor- 
ner, and affords water power. The v., near the 
centre, contains 1 Congregational and 1 Unita- 
rian church, an academy with a respectable fund, 
and occupies a commanding situation. Granite, 
known as " Chelmsford granite," is extensively 
quarried in this t. and exported. There are in tho 
t. 5 stores, cap. $4,500 ; 1 fulling ra., I woollen 



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716 



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fac, 2 forges, 2 tanneries, 4 grist m., 3 saw ni. 
Cap. in manuf'ac. $7,800 ; 1 acad. 84 students, 9 
8ch. 558 scholars. Pop. 1,436. 

Westford, p-v., Ashford t., Windham co., Ct., 
30 E. Hartford, 366 W. Situated on a branch of 
Mount Hope r., and contains a Congregational 
and a Baptist church. 

Westford, p-t., Otsego co., N. Y., 65 w. Al- 
bany, 379 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, a warm 
sandy loam, and fertile. Drained by Cherry Val- 
ley and Elk crs. It has 4 stores, cap. $11,500 ; 2 
fulling m., 1 distillery, 3 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $11,170. 9sch. 474 scholars. Pop. 1,478. 

West Fork, p-o., Overton co., Tenn., 108 e. 
by N. Nashville, 596 W. 

West Fork, t., Washington co., Ark. It has 
1 store, cap. .$4,000 ; 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 1 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $14,825. 2 sch. 31 schol- 
ars. Pop. 418. 

West Foxboro', p-o., Foxboro' t., Norfolk co., 
Mass., 27 s. w. Boston, 418 W. 

West Franklin, p-v., Posey co., la., 182 s. w. 
Indianapolis, 737 W. 

West Gaines, p-o., Gaines t., Orleans co., N. 
Y., 256 w. by n. Albany, 398 W. 

West Galway Church, p-o., Broadalbin t., 
Fulton CO., N. Y., 39 n. w. Albany, 407 W. 

West Gardiner, p-o., Gardiner t., Kennebec 
CO., Me., 7 s. s. w. Augusta, 588 W. 

West Genesee, p-o., Genesee t., Alleghany 
CO., N. Y., 293 w. by s. Albany, 304 W. 

West Glendurn, p-o., Glenburn t., Penob- 
scot CO., Me., 77 N. E. Augusta, 672 W. 

West Gloucester, p-o.. New Gloucester t., 
Cumberland co.. Me., 54 s. w. x^ugusta, 568 W. 

West Gorham, p-o., Gorham t., Cumberland 
CO., Me., 63 s. vv. Augusta, 542 W. 

West Goldsboro', p-o., Goldsboro' t., Han- 
cock CO., Me., 108 E. Augusta, 690 W. Situated 
on Frenchman's bay. 

West Goshkn, t., Chester co.. Pa., 21 w. Phil- 
adelphia. The surface is a gentle declivity ; 
soil, sandy loam. Watered by branches of Ches- 
ter cr., and of Brandy wine r. It has 3 grist m., 4 
saw. Cap. in manufac. $1,600. 3 sch. 74 schol- 
ars. Pop. 814. 

West Granby, po., Granby t., Hartford co., 
Ct., 19 N. w. Hartford, 355 W. Situated on a 
branch of Farmington r. 

West Granville, p-v., Granville t., Hamp- 
den CO., Mass., 114 w. by s. Boston, 366 W. It 
contains a Congregational church. 

West Greenfield, p-o., Greenfield t., Sara- 
toga CO., N. Y., 36 N. Albany, 406 W. 

West Greenville, p-t., Mercer co.. Pa., 245 
w. N. w. Harrisburg, 292 W. It has 6 stores, 
cap. $25,000 ; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 2 grist 
m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,300. 2 sch. 
120 scholars. Pop. 626. 

West Greenwich, p-t., Kent co., R. I., 18 s. 
W. Providence, 390 W. Tlie surface is mode- 
rately uneven ; soil, gravelly loam, and mode- 
rately fertile. Watered by Wood r. and its 
branches, and by the s. branch of Pawtuxet r., 
which afford water power. The v. contains a 
Baptist church. Hopkins Hill, in the e. part, 
affords a fine prospect. Chartered in 1741. 
There are in tlie t. 8 stores, cap. $7,700 ; 3 cotton 
fac. 2,324 sp., 7 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $6,000. 11 sch. 291 scholars. Fop. 
1,415. 

West Groton, p-o., Groton t., Tompkins co., 
N. Y., 170 w. by s. Albany, 310 W. 

West Grove, p-o., Chester co.. Pa., 74 e. s. e. 
Harrisburg, 98 W. 

West IIalifa.x, p-o., Halifax t., Windham co., 
Vt., 138 s. by w. Moutpelier, 419 W. 



West Hampden, p-o., Penobscot co.. Me., 56 
N. E. Augusta, 650 W. 

West Hampton, p-t., Hampshire co., Mass., 
99 w. Boston, 386 W. The surface is rough 
soil, adapted to grazing. Drained by Norih r., a 
branch of Manhan r., and by a branch of West- 
field r. The v. contains a Congregational church. 
It has 1 store, cap. $2,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m.. 
5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,000. 9 sch. 281 
scholars. Pop. 759. 

We.st Hanover, p-v., Dauphin co., Pa., 16 s. 
e. Harrisburg, 126 W. 

West Harpersfield, p-o., Harpersfield t., 
Delaware county, N. Y., 66 w. s. w. Albany, 
362 W. 

West Hartford, p-o., Hartford t., Windsor 
CO., Vt., 43 s. by E. Montpelier, 336 W. 

West Hartford, p-v., Hartford t. and co., 
Ct., 4 w. Hartford, 493 W. It is a flourishing 
agricultural settlement and contains a Congrega- 
tional church. 

West Hartland, p-v., Hartland t., Hartford 
CO., Ct., 31 N. w. Hartford, 367 W. It contains a 
Congregational church. 

West Harwick, p-o., Harwick t., Barnstable 
CO., Mass., 87 s. e. Boston, 488 W. 

West Haven, p-t., Rutland co., Vt., 91 s. w. 
Montpelier, 451 W. The soil is clay and calca- 
reous loam, and fertile. Bounded w. by Lake 
Champlain, and s. by Poultney r. Drained by 
Hubbardton r. and Cogmans cr., which afford 
water power. It contains a Congregational and 
a Baptist church. Limestone is abundant. It 
has 1 store, 2 woollen fac, 1 grist m., 3 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $39,600. 9 sch. 264 scholars. 
Pop. 774. 

West Haverford, p-o., Haverford t., Dela 
ware co.. Pa., 8S e. s. e. Harrisburg, 138 W. 

West Hebron, p-o., Hebron t., Washington 
CO., N. Y., 52 N. by e. Albany, 423 W. 

West Hempfield, t., Lancaster co.. Pa., 8 w. 
Lancaster. The surface is hilly ; soil, calcareous 
loam. Susquehanna r. bounds it on the w. 
Chiques cr. flows on its n. boundary. Drained 
by Strickler's cr. It contains Columbia b., on 
the Su.sqiiehanna r. It has 2 commission liouses, 
cap. $4,500; 28 stores, cap. $165,385; 1 furnace, 
4 tanneries, 4 distilleries, 1 brewery, 2 printing 
offices, 2 weekly newspapers, 5 flouring m., G 
grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $79,900. 
Pop. 1,913. 

Wejjt Hempsted, p-o.. Ramapo t., Rockland 
CO., N. Y., 120 s. by vv. Albany, 266 W. 

West Henrietta, p-o., Henrietta t., Monroe 
CO., N. Y., 232 w. by n. Albany, 331 W. 

West Hill, p-o., Cumberland co.. Pa., 20 w. 
s. w. Harrisburg, 108 W. 

West Hills, p-o., Huntington t., Sufl'olk co., 
N. Y., 180 s. by e. Albany, 260 W. 

West Hinsdale, p-o., Hinsdale t., Cattarau- 
gus CO., N. v., 288 w. by s. Albany, 319 W. 

West Jefferson, p-v., Jefferson t., Lincoln 
CO., Me., 16 s. s. E. Augusta, 608 W. 

West Jefferson, p-v., Jefferson t., Madison 
CO, O., 14 w. Columbus, 407 W. Situated on 
the vv. bank of Little Uarby cr., and on the na- 
tional road. It contains 1 church, 8 stores, 1 grist 
m., I saw m., 1 carding machine, and about 350 
inhabitants. 

West Kill, p-v., Lexington t., Greene co., N. 
Y., 59 s. w. Albany, 369 W. It contains 1 
church, 1 store, 2 tanneries, 3 saw ra., 1 clothier's 
works, and about 20 dwellings. 

West Killingly, p-v., Killingly t.., Win:!- 
ham CO., Ct., 48 e. by n. Hartford, 375 W. 

West Lafavette, p-o., Lafayette t., Coshoc- 
ton CO., O., 89 N. E. Columbus, 333 W. 



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717 



WES 



Westland, p-v., Halifax co., N. C, 86 n. 
Raleigh, 218 W. 

Westland, t., Guernsey co., O., 70 e. Colum- 
bus. Watered by Crooked or. The v. of Clays- 
ville is in its s. part. Pop. 1,075. 

West Lebanon, p-o., Lebanon t, York co., 
Me., 94 s. w. Augusta, 516 W. 

West Lebanon, p-o., Lebanon t., Grafton co., 
N.H., 51 Concord, 486 W. 

West Lebanon, p-v., Warren co., la., 84 n. 
w. Indianapolis, 651 W. 

West Lexington, p-o., Lexington t., Greene 
CO., N. Y., 64 s. w. Albany, 350 W. 

West Leyden, p-o., Leyden t.., Lewis co., N. 
Y., 129 N. w. Albany, 413 W. 

West Libertv, p-v., Ohio co., Va., 357 n. w. 
Richmond, 264 W. 

West Liberty, p-v., capital of Morgan co., 
Ky., 107 e. by s. Frankfort, 487 W. Situated on 
the N. E. side of Licking r., and contains a com-t 
house, jail, and about 30 inhabitants. 

West Liberty, p-v., Union t., Losjan co., O., 
57 N. w. by vv. Columbus, 450 W. Situated on 
Mad r. Laid out in 1817, and contains 2 churches, 
8 stores, 85 dwellings, and about 500 inhabitants. 
In the vicinity are 1 flouring m., 1 saw m., and 1 
carding machine. 

West Liberty, p-o., Muscatine co., Iowa. 
Situated near the Wapsinoenock r., on the mar- 
gin of a high rolling prairie. 

West Linklaen, p-o., Linklaen t., Chenango 
CO., N. Y., 128 w. by s. Albany, 339 W. 

West Lovvville, p-o., Lowville t., Lewis co., 
N. Y., 141 N. w. Albany, 431 W. 

West Manchester, t., York co.. Pa. The 
surface is level; soil, calcareous loam, and fertile. 
Bounded n. w. by Conewago cr., and s. e. by 
Codorus cr. York b. lie.s partly in this t. It has 
2 stores, cap. $325 ; 7 distilleries, 1 flouring m., 4 
grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. §46,070. 1 
sell. 44 scholars. Pop. 1,262. 

West Marlborough, t., Chester co.. Pa., 33 
s. w. Philadelphia. The surface is a gentle de- 
clivity; soil, sandy loam. Drained by Clay cr., 
and a tributary of the w. branch of Brandy wine 
r. Ii has 3 stores, cap. $17,500; 1 cotton fac, 1 
paper fac, 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$3,250. 3 sch. 91 scholars. Pop. 1,043. 

West Martinsburg, p-v., Martinsburg t., 
Lewis CO., N. Y., 137 n. w. Albany, 435 W. 

West Meuway, p-o., ftledway t., Norfolk co., 
Mass., 30 s. w. Boston, 416 W. 

West Meredith, p-o., Meredith t., Delaware 
CO., N. Y., b3 w. s. w. Albany, 344 W. 

West Middleborough, p-v., Middleborough 
t., Plymouth co., Mass., 43 s. by e. Boston, 430 
W. It contains a Baptist church. 

West Middleborough, p-o., Genesee co., 
N. Y. 

West Middleborough, p-v., Logan co., O., 
56 N. w. by w. Columbus, 446 W. 

West Middlesex, p-o., Mercer co., Pa., 253 
W. N. w. Harrisburg, 294 W. 

West Middletow.n, p-b., Washington co., 
Pa., 222 w. Harrisburg, 249 W. Incorporated in 
1823, and contains 5 stores, cap. $150,000; 1 tan- 
nery. Cap. in manufac. $2,850. Population 
260. 

West Millbury, p-o., Millbury t., Worcester 
CO., Mass., 46 w. s. w. Boston, 400 V/. 

West Milford, p-t., Passaic co., N. J., 100 n. 
N. E. Trenton, 266 W. It has 3 stores, capital 
$6,000 ; 10 forges, 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 2 grist 
m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $15,950. 11 sch. 
400 scholars. Pop. 2,108. 

West 3Iill Creek, p-o., Mill Creek t., Erie 
CO., Pa., 274 N. w. Harrisburg, 347 W. 



West Mill Grove, p-o.. Perry t.. Wood co., 
O., 99 N. N. w. Columbus, 444 W. 

West 3Iilton, p-o., Milton t., Chittenden co., 
Vt., 52 w. N. w. Montpelier, 525 W. 

West Milton, p-v., Milton t., Saratoga co., 
N. Y., 31 N. Albany, 401 W. 

West Milton, p-o., Milton t., Miami co., O., 
85 w. Columbus, 478 W. 

West Minot, p-o., Minot t., Cumberland co., 
Me., 41 s. w. Augusta, 582 W. 

Westminster, p-t., Windham co., Vt., 103 s. 
Montpelier, 440 W. Bounded e. by Connecti- 
cut r., by small tributaries of which it is drained. 
The soil is fertile and well cultivated. The prin- 
cipal V. is beautifully situated on the w. bank of 
Connecticut r., on a plain, encompassed by a 
semicircle of hills, which reach the r. above and 
below the v. It contains a Congregational church, 
a number of stores, and many dwellings, some of 
them neat and elegant. A bridge connects it with 
Waipole, N. H. In the w . part of the i. is a v. 
containing a Congregational church. There are 
in the t. 1 strjre, cap. $3,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 paper 
fac, 2 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$20,900. 12 sch. 479 scholars. Pop. 1,556. 

Westminster, p-t., Worcester co., Mass., 53 
w. N. vv. Boston, 420 W. The surface is ele- 
vated ; soil, fertile, adapted to grazing. Drained 
by branches of Nashua r. The v. contains 1 
Congregational, 1 Baptist, and 1 Universalist 
church. There are in the t. 5 stores, capital 
$8,500 ; I fulling m., 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 9 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $20,771. 1 acad. 100 
students, 11 sch. 563 scholars. Pop. 1,645. 

Westminster, p-v., Canterbury t., Windham 
CO., Ct., 38 E. by s. Hartford, 365 W. It contains 
a Congregational church and a small agricultural 
settlement. 

Westminster, p-v., capital of CaiToU co., 
Md., 58 N. w. by n. Annapolis, 68 W. Situated 
on the head waters of the I'atapsco r., and con- 
tains a court house, jail, a church, and about 350 
inhabitants. 

Westminster, p-o., Allen co., O., 102 n. w. 
by w. Columbus, 479 W. 

Westminster West, p-v., Westminster t., 
Windham co., Vt., 106 s. Montpelier, 443 W. 

West Monroe, p-t., Oswego co., N. Y., 140 
w. N. w. Albany, 368 VV. Surface is level ; soil, 
sand and sandy loam. Drained by Bog cr., flow- 
ing into Oneida lake, which bounds it on the s. 
It has 4 savi- m., 10 s(:h. 2S0 scholars. Pop. 918. 

Westmore, t., Orleans co., Vt. The surface 
is uneven; soil, moderately fertile. Chartered 
in 1781, first settled in 1800. Willonghhy's lake 
in this t. is 6 ins. long and li wide. The outlet 
is Willougliby r., which flows into Barton r. The 
head branches of Pasumpsic r. and Clyde r. 
rise here. It has 2 sch. 36 scholars. Popula- 
tion 122. 

Westjioreland, county. Pa. Situated to- 
ward the s. w. part of the state, and contains 
1,050 sq. ms. Alleghany r. runs 12 ms. on its n. 
w. boundary. Conemaugh or Kiskiminctas r. 
runs on its n. e. border. Drained by Loyalhan- 
na r., Big Sewickly cr., Youghiogiieny r., and 
Beaver Dam run. 'J'he surface is hilly and 
mountainous ; soil, fertile. Capital, Grecnsburg. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle .30,003, sheep 
45,632, swine 37,969 ; wheat 466,382 bush, pro- 
duced, rye 103,881, Ind. corn 422,512, buckwheat 
56,141, oats 757,241, potatoes 116,052, tobacco 
18,400 pounds, sugar 32,536; 74 stores, capital 
$205,800 ; 6 fulling ra., 2 woollen fac, 36 tan- 
neries, 53 distilleries, 3 potteries, 2 paper fac, 4 
printing offices, 3 weekly newspapers, 70 flouring 
m., 6 grist m., 86 saw m., 3 oil m. Cap. in man- 



WES 



718 



WES 



ufac. $329,881. 2 acail. 80 students, 135 sell. 
4,151 scholars. Pop. 42,699. 

Westmoreland, county, Va. Situated in the 
E. part of the state, and contains 316 sq. ms. 
Potomac r. bounds it on the n. e., and Rappahan- 
nock r. in part on the s. w. Small streams flow 
into both these rivers. Capital, Westmoreland 
C. li. There were in 1840, neat cattle 5,474, 
sheep 4,317, swine 6,159; wheat 59,958 bush, 
produced, rye 1,459, Indian corn 243,670, oats 
27,751, potatoes 6,899, tobacco 1,040 pounds, cot- 
ton 5,085 ; 15 stores, cap. $67,000 ; 3 tanneries, 
1 distillery, 13 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $9,950. 1 acad. 36 students, 5 sch. 127 
scholars. Pop. whites 3,466, slaves 3,590, free 
col'd 963; total, 8,019. 

Westmoreland, p-t., Cheshire co., N. H., 65 
s. w. Concord, 436 W. Bounded w. by Connec- 
ticut r. The surface is moderately uneven ; soil, 
tolerably fertile. Drained by a mill-stream flow- 
ing from Spolford's lake, in Chesterfield, which 
flows N. w. into Connecticut r. Chartered in 
1753. It has 2 stores, cap. $8,000 ; 1 fulling m., 
1 tannery, 4 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$12,118. 13 sch. 494 scholars. Pop. 1,546. 

Westmoreland, p-t., Oneida co., N. Y., 103 
w. N. w. Albany, 392 W. The surface is level ; 
soil, generally a rich loam. Watered by Oriska- 
ny cr. It has 5 stores, cap. $38,000 ; 1 fulling 
m., 1 woollen fac, 4 tanneries, 1 paper fac, 10 
saw m. Csip. in manufac. $53,937. 18 sch. 1,080 
scholars. Pop. 3,105. 

Westmoreland, C. H., p-v., capital of West- 
moreland CO., Va., 70 n. e. Richmond, 105 W. 
It contains a court house, jail, and about 150 in- 
habitants. 

West Mount Vernon, p-o.. Mount Vernon t., 
Kennebec co.. Me., 17 n. w. Augusta, 607 W. 

West Nantmeal, t., Chester co., Pa., 34 n. 
w. Philadelphia. The surface is gently uneven ; 
soil, loam and gravel. Drained by the e. branch 
of IJrandywine r. and its tributary, Indian cr., 
and by French cr. It has 8 stores, cap. $17,300 ; 
1 furnace, 1 forge, 1 tannery, 2 flouring m., 2 grist 
m., 5 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $8,720. 
6 sch. 376 scholars. Pop. 1,731. 

West Needham, p-v., Needham t., Norfolk 
CO., Mass., 14 w. s. w. Boston, 426 W. 

West Newbury, p-t., Essex co., Mass., 39 n. 
by e. Boston, 470 W. Situated on the s. side of 
the Merrimac. Soil, fertile. It has 4 stores, cap. 
$3,500 ; 1 tannery, 1 grist m. Cap. in manufac. 
$45,700. 6 sch. 375 scholars. Pop. 1,560. 

West Newfield, p-o., Newfield t., York co., 
Me., 84 s. w. by w. Augusta, 530 W. 

West Newton, p-v., Newton t., Middlesex 
CO., Mass., 9 w. Boston, 431 W. 

West Newton, p-o., Westmoreland co., Pa., 
182 w. Harrisburg, 208 W. 

West New Vineyard, p-o., Vineyard t., 
Franklin co.. Me., 57 n. n. w. Augusta, 642 W. 

West Niles, p-o., Niles t., Cayuga co., N. Y., 
165 w. by N. Albany, 329 W. 

West Northwood, p-o., Northwood t., Rock- 
ingham CO., N. H., 18 E. by s. Concord, 488 W. 

West Nottingham, t., Chester co.. Pa., 45 s. 
■W.Philadelphia. The surface is level ; soil, slate 
and loam. Octara cr. runs on its w. border. It 
has 1 store, cap. $3,000 ; 1 tannery, 2 paper fac, 
3 grist m., 3 saw m. Capital in manufac. $1,270. 

1 sch. 20 scholars. Pop. 607. 

Weston, p-t., Aroostook co., Me., 259 N. E. 
Augusta, 824 W. It is a half township, granted 
to Hampden Academy. Drained by branches 
of Mattawamkeag r. Chartered in 1835. The 
soil is fertile, adapted to grain. It has 1 saw ra., 

2 sch. 95 scholars. Pop. 249. 



Weston, p-t., Windsor co., Vt., 91 s. by w 
Montpelier, 456 W. The surface is uneven i 
soil, fertile, adapted to grazing and to grain- 
Drained by West r., which affords water power. 
It has 2 villages. The v. near the centre con- 
tains 2 churches, 2 stores, 1 clothier's works, 1 
carding machine, and 1 tannery. The religious 
denominations are Congregationalists, Baptists, 
Methodists, and TJniversalists. It has 1 church 
common to several denominations. There are in 
the t. 2 stores, cap. $10,000; 1 fulling ra., 1 tan- 
nery, 2 grist m., 8 saw m. Capital in manufac- 
tures $12,050. 12 schools 368 scholars. Pop. 
1,032. 

Weston, p-t., Middlesex co., Mass., 14 w. 
Boston, 426 W. The surface is uneven and ele- 
vated ; soil, fertile. Watered by Stony brook. 
It contains a Congregational, a Baptist, and a 
Methodist church. Incorporated in 1712. It has 
3 stores, cap. $4,500 ; 1 cotton fac. 5 12 sp., 1 tan- 
nery, 1 pottery, 2 grist m., 1 saw m., 6 sch. 287 
scholars. Pop. 1,092. 

Weston, p-t., Fairfield co., Ct., 63 s. w. Hart- 
ford, 281 W. The surface is uneven : soil, gravel- 
ly loam. Drained by Saugatuck and Mill rivers, 
which afford water power. It contains 5 churches 
— 2 Congregational, 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, and 1 
Methodist. The v. contains a Congregational 
church, and a well-endowed academy. There is 
a small manufacturing v. in the n. w. part, con- 
taining a Baptist and a Methodist church. There 
are in the t. 8 stores, cap. $12,000 ; 1 flouring m., 
8 grist m., 13 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $17,050. 
2 acad. 26 students, 17 sch. 459 scholars. Pop. 
2,651. 

Weston, p-v., Somerset co., N. J., 20 n. Tren- 
ton, 204 W. Situated on Millstone r., 1 m. from 
its entrance into Raritan r., and on the Delaware 
and Raritan canal. It contains 1 store, 1 saw m., 
1 grist m., and 12 or 14 dwellings. 

Weston, p-v., capital of Lewis co., Va., 281 n. 
w. by w. Richmond, 249 W. Situated on the w. 
fork of Monongahela river, and contains a court 
house, jail, 4 stores, 1 flouring m., 30 dwellings, 
and about 200 inhabitants. 

Weston, p-t.. Wood co., O., 129 n. n. w. Co- 
lumbus, 467 W. Maumee r. crosses the n. w. 
part of the t., by a branch of which it is watered. 
The v. called Benton is on Maumee river, 18 ms. 
above Perrysburg. There are in the t. 2 saw m. 
Capital in manufac. $7,500. 3 sch. 107 scholars. 
Pop. 415. 

Weston, p-o., Van Buren co., Mich., 166 w. 
Detroit, 630 W. 

Weston, p-v., Platte co., Mo. Situated on the 
N. E. side of Missouri r. 

West Oneonta, p-o., Oneonta t., Otsego co., 
N. Y., 83 w. by s. Albany, 353 W. 

West Ossipee, p-o., Ossipee t., Carroll co., N. 
H., 63 N. N. E. Concord, 544 W. 

West Otis, p-o., Otis t., Berkshire co., Mass., 
122 w. by s. Boston, 367 W. 

West Parsonsfield, p-o., Parsonsfield t., 
York CO., Me., 89 s. w. Augusta, 535 W. 

West Penfield, p-o., Penfield t., Monroe co , 
N. Y., 217 w. by n. Albany, 374 W. 

West Penn, p-t., Schuylkill co.. Pa., 79 n. e. 
Ilarrisburg, 189 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, 
gravelly and sterile. Drained by Little Schuyl- 
kill r., and Mahoning and Lizard crs. It contains 
a Lutheran church, and abounds in antliracite 
coal. Pop. 1,362. 

West Pennsboro', t., Cumberland co.. Pa., 8 
w. Carlisle. The surface is level ; soil, calcare- 
ous loam. Bounded n. by Conedogwinit cr. It 
has 1 commission house, cap, $1,500 ; 3 stores, 
cap. $8,300 ; 2 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 8 flouring 



WES 



719 



WES 



m., 2 saw m. Gap. in manufac. $60,800. 9 sch. 
270 scholars. Pop. 1,867. 

West Pikeland, t., Chester co.. Pa. The 
surface is a gentle declivity ; soil, sandy loam. 
Drained by branches of Schuylkill r., which af- 
ford water power. It has 4 sch. 172 scholars. 
Pop. 733. 

West Piiil.^delphia, p-v., Philadelphia cc, 
Pa., 97 E. by s. Harrisburg, 137 W. Situated on 
the w. side of Schuylkill r., and contauis several 
stores, and about 40 dwellings. 

West Philadelphia, p-o., Scott cc, Mo., 240 
s. K. Jefferson City, 873 W. 

West Plattsburg, p-o., Plattsburg t., Clinton 
CO., N. Y., 168 x\. Albany, 543 W. 

West Plymouth, p-o., Plymouth t., Grafton 
CO., N. H., 43 N. Concord, 524 W. 

West Point, p-v., Cornwall t.. Orange cc, 
N. Y., 92 s. by vv. Albany, 278 W. Pleasantly 
situated on the w. bank of Hudson r.,52 miles n. 
New York city. It derives its importance from 
the United States Military Academy, established 
here by an act of Congress in 1802, on 250 acres 
of land ceded to the United Slates by the state 
of New York, in 1826. The buildings are 2 stone 
barracks, one 3 and the other 4 stories high, oc- 
cupied by 250 cadets, the hmited number ; a 
large 3 story stone building, 275 by 75 feet, for 
military exercises in winter, and as a depository 
of the chemical apparatus, models of fortification, 
&c., and as drawing and recitation rooms; a fine 
2 story stone building, of Gothic architecture, 150 
by 60 feet, with 3 towers for astronomical appara- 
tus, the middle tower revolving for an astronomi- 
cal observatory, a chapel, hospital, mess hall, 2 
cavalry stables, several workshops and store- 
rooms, and 17 separate dwellings for the officers 
of the institution. There are also a magazine, a 
laboratory, soldiers' barracks, a store, and about 
25 dwellings for families connected with the es- 
tablishment, and a total population of 9(X). Here 
is a convenient landing, and a large hotel, capa- 
ble of accommodating 100 visiters. This place 
was fortified during the revolutionary war, and 
the remains of Fort Putnam, on Mount Indepen- 
dence, elevated 500 feet above the level of the 
river, and of Fort Clinton, are still seen. The 
education given at West Point, both scientific 
and military, is of a high order, and 34 officers 
and professors are attached to the institution 
Near West Point is an ai,uJ.:my, kept by J. D. 
Kinsley, formerly an instructor in the West Point 
Military Academy, which is flourishing. 

West Point, p-v., Columbiana co., O., 153 n 
B. Columbus, 280 W. 

West Point, p-v., Hardin co., Ky., 75 w. by 
s. Frankfort, 615 W. Situated on the s. side of 
the Ohio, immediately below the entrance of 
Salt r., and contains several warehouses, and 150 
inhabitants. 

West Point, p-v.. Orange co., N. C, 29 n. w 
Raleigh, 289 W. 

West Point, p-v., Troup cc, Ga., 41? above 
Columbus, 136 w. Milledgeville, 754 W. It con 
tains a Methodist church, 8 or 10 stores, and about 
350 inhabitants. 

West Point, p-v., Tippecanoe co., la., 77 n 
w. Indianapolis, 635 W. It contains about 100 
inhabitants. 

West Point, p-o., Lee co., Iowa. 

West j'oint, p-o., Lawrence cc, Tenn. 

West Poland, p-c, Poland t., Cumberland 
CO., Me., 55 s. w. Augusta, 578 W. 

West Port, p-t., Lincoln co., Me., 38 s. by e. 
Augusta, 602 W. It is bounded e. by Sheepscot 
r., separating it from Edgecombe and Boothbay, 
and s. and w. by Sheepscot bay. Incorporated 



in 1828. It has 4 grist m., 3 saw m., 4 sch. 291 
scholars. Pop. 655. 

West Pout, p-v., Cheshire cc, N. H., 59 3. 
w. Concord, 423 W. 

West Port, p-t., Bristol co., Mass., 59 s. Bos- 
ton, 426 W. Bounded s. by the Atlantic, nt the 
mouth of Buzzards bay. Drained by Westport 
or Nochacuck r., which flows by a wide mouth 
into Buzzards bay. The v., situated on both 
sides of the r., contains 2 Baptist and 1 Friends 
church. There are besides in the t. 1 Congrega- 
tional, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Methodist church. 
The whaling bu.siness furnishes employment to 
many of the inhabitants. It has 6 stores, capital 
$18,500 ; 2 lumber yard.s, cap. $4,500 ; 1 fulling 
m., 1 cotton fac. 2,000 sp., 1 furnace, 1 tannery, 
3 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $19,600, 
18 sch. 462 scholars. Pop. 2,820. 

West Port, p-t., Fairfield co., Ct., 64 s. w. 
Hartford, 273 W. The soil is generally fertile. ' 
Bounded s. by Long Island sound. Watered by 
Saugatuck river, on which stands the v. on both 
sides, connected by a bridge, 2j miles from the 
sound. It contains a Congregational and an 
Episcopal church, 12 stores, and several cotton 
and other factories. There is a Methodist church 
in the t. There are in the t. 14 stores, caphal 
$35,100 ; 2 lumber yards, cap. $6,000 ; 1 cotton 
fac. 1,100 sp., 1 tannery, 4 grist m., 1 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $97,600. 3 acad. 57 students, 
6 sch. 244 scholars. Pop. 1,803. 

West Port, t., Essex co., N. Y., 125 n. Al- 
bany. Surface level on the e., and hilly on the 
w. ; soil, clay and loam, mostly of good quality. 
Drained by Black cr., and several small streams 
flowing into Lake Champlain. It has 9 stores, 
cap. $.i7,000 ; 1 fulUng m., 2 woollen fac, 2 forges, 
1 tannery, 1 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $29,000. 1 acad. 100 students, 6 sch. 307 
scholars. Pop. 1,932. 

West Port, p-v., Oldham co., Ky., 43 n. w. 
by vv. Frankfort, 584 W. 

West Port, p-v., Decatur co., la., 70 s. e. In- 
dianapolis, 564 W. Situated on the w. side of 
a branch of the e. fork of While r. 

West Port, p-v., Jackson co.. Mo., 158 W. N. 
w. Jeffer.son City, 1,084 W. Situated on the w. 
line of the state, about 6 miles s. of the Missouri 
r. It contains about 300 inhabitants. 

West Poultney, p-o., Poultney t., Rutland 
CO., Vt., 83 s. w. Montpelier, 441 W. 

West Prairie, p-o., Stoddard cc. Mo. 

West Prospect, p-o., Prospect t., Waldo CO., 
Me., 49 E. by n. Augusta, 643 W. 

West Randolph, p-o., Randolph t.. Orange 
CO., Vt., 27 s. Montpehor, 490 W. It contjiins a 
church, 2 stores, several mills, and a number of 
dwellings. 

West Richmond, p-v., Richmond t., Ontario 
CO., N. Y., 220 w. Albany, 357 W. It contains 1 
store, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m., 1 furnace, and 12 
or 15 dwellings. 

West Qi'oddy Head, the w. entrance into 
Passamaquoddy bay, in Lubec t., Me. It con- 
tains a lighthouse. 

West Ripley, p-o., Ripley t., Somerset co., 
Me., 53 N. N. E. Augusta, 658 W. 

West River, Vt., called also Wantasticook r., 
rises in Weston, and, pursuing a southeasterly 
course, falls into Connecticut r., in the n. e. part 
of Brattleboro'. Its branches aflTord much water 
power. It has some fine intervale on its banks. 

West River, p-o., Anne Arundel co., Md., 
17 Annapolis, 37 W. Situated on a branch of 
Chesapeake bay on its w. side. 

West River, p-o., Jackson co., Mich., 86 w. 
Detroit, 556 W. 



WES 

West River, t., Randolph co., la. It has 2 
stores, cap. $2,500; 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 2 saw 
m., 2 sch. 50 schohirs. I'op. 916. 

West Rockhill, t., Bucks co., Pa., 33 n. n. 
w. Philadelphia, 92 e. n. e. Harrisburg, 171 W. 
The surface is hilly ; soil, gravelly. Drained by 
Perkiomen cr. and a branch of Tohickon cr. It 
has 4 stores, cap. $11,500 ; 4 tanneries, 3 grist m., 
3 saw m., 2 oil m. Capital in manufac. $13,611. 
Pop. 1,631. 

West Roxburv, p-v., Roxbury t., Norfolk co., 
Mass., 10 s. w. Boston, 434 W. It contains a 
Congregational and a Unitarian church. 

West Rumney, p-o., Ruinney t., Grafton co., 
N. H., 51 N. N. \v. Concord, 521 W. 

West Rupert, p-o., Rupert t., Bennington co., 
Vt., 97 s. Montpelier, 421 W. 

West Rush, p-o.. Rush t., Monroe co., N. Y., 
221 w. by N. Albany, 360 W. 

West Rutl.4ND, p-v., Rutland t. and co., Vt., 
66 s. s. w. Montpelier, 452 W. It contains a 
Congregational church. 

West Sand Lake, p-v., Sand Lake t., Rensse- 
laer CO., N. Y., 14 E. Albany, 384 W. 

West Sandwich, p-v.. Sandwich t., Barnsta- 
ble CO., Mass., 56 s. s. w. Boston, 457 W. 

West Salem, t., Mercer co.. Pa., 17 n. w. 
Mercer. Drained by Shenango creek. It has 1 
store, cap. $3,000 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 2 grist 
ra., 6 saw m., 16 sch. 716 scholars. Pop. 2,528. 

West Schuyler, p-o., Schuyler t., ilerkimer 
CO., N. Y., 88 w. N. w. Albany, 392 W. 

West Scituate, p-v., Scituate t., Plymouth 
CO., Mass., 20 s. E. Boston, 447 W. It contains a 
Congregational and a Universalist church. 

West Shelburne, p-o., Shelburne t., Coos 
CO., N. H., 107 N. by e. Concord, 590 W. 

West Sherman, p-o., Sherman t., St. Joseph 
CO., Mich., 140 s. w. by w. Detroit, 591 W. 

West Sidney, p-o., Sidney t., Kennebec co.. 
Me., 106 N. Augusta, 601 W. 

West's Mills, p-o., Franklin co.. Me., 44 N. 
w. Augusta, 631 W. 

West Somers, p-v., Somers t., Westchester 
CO., N. Y., 116 s. Albany, 278 W. It contains a 
church and about 40 inhabitants. 

West Springfield, p-t., Hampden co., Mass., 
93 w. Boston, 363 W. The surface in some 
parts is rough and stony, with much alluvial mea- 
dow in other parts; soil, generally very fertile. 
Bounded e. by Connecticut r., over which is a 
fine bridge, connecting it with Springfield. Wa- 
tered by Westfield r., which affords water power. 
A pond N. of the centre has its outlet s. into 
W^estfield r. It contains 7 churches — 4 Congre- 
gational, 2 Baptist, and 1 Methodist. The prin- 
cipal V. opposite to Springfield contains a Con- 
gregational church. It has spacious streets, 
bordered by lofty elms, and has many fine 
dwellings. There is a v. in the n., and another 
in the s. part of the t. The t. extends n. and s. 
through the breadth of the co. The Boston and 
Albany railroad passes through it. Incorporated 
in 1774. There are in the t. 10 stores, cap. 
$20,700; 1 fulling m., 1 cotton fac. 3,400 sp., 
27 sch. 791 scholars. Pop. 3,626. 

West Springfield, p-o., Springfield t., Sul- 
livan CO., N. H., 38 N. w. Concord, 492 W. 

West Springfield, p-o., Springfield t., Erie 
CO., Pa., 269 N. w. Harrisburg, 342 W. 

West Stafford, p-o., Stafford t., Tolland 
CO., Ct., 29 N. N. e. Hartford, 365 W. 

West Stephentown, p-o., Stephentown t., 
Rensselaer co., N. Y. 

West Stewartstown, p-o., Stcwartstov,'n 
t., Coos CO., N. H., 141 N. Concord, 602 W. 

West Stockbridge, p-t., Berkshire comity. 



(20 



WES 



Mass., 138 w. Boston, 365 W. The surface is 
generally uneven ; soil, fertile. Drained by 
Williams r., which flows through the t. from n. 
to s., and affords water power. It contains an 
abundance of marble variously colored, from the 
the purest white to black. The principal v. 
contains 1 Congregational and 1 Methodist 
church, several stores, 150 dwellings, and about 
1,000 inhabitants. It is a great centre of rail- 
roads. The Boston and Albany railroad passes 
through it, and is here met by the Housatonic 
railroad, and the Hudson and Berkshire railroad. 
It has 6 stores, cap. $19,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tan- 
nery, 1 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$l,tX)0. 6 sch. 281 scholars. Pop. 1,448. 

West Stockhridge Centre, p-v., West 
Stockbridge t., Berksliire co., Mass., 141 w. 
Boston, 368 W. 

West Stockholm, p-o., Stockholm t., St. 
Lawrence co., N. Y., 213 n. n. w. Albanv, 502 
W. 

West Suffield, p-o., Suffield t., Hartford 
CO., Ct., 20 N. Hartford, 356 W. 

West Sumner, p-o., Sumner t., Oxford co., 
Me., 43 w. Augusta, 604 W. 

West Sutton, p-v., Sutton t., Worcester co., 
Mass., 49 w. s. w. Boston, 397 W. It contains a 
Congregational and a Baptist church. 

West Taghkanic, p-o., Taghkanict., Colum- 
bia CO., N. Y., 4J s. Albany, 345 W. 

West Thompson, p-v., Thompson t.. Wind- 
ham CO., Ct., 46 E. N. E. Hartford, 332 W. It 
contains a Methodist church. 

West Thornton, p-o., Thornton t., Grafton 
CO., N. II., 53 N. by w. Concord, 534 W. 

West Tisbury, p-v., Tisbury t., Dukes co., 
Mass., 96 s. s. e. Boston, 478 W. It contains 1 
Congregational and 1 Methodist church. 

West Topsham, p-o., Topsham t.. Orange 
CO., Vt., 19 s. E. Montpelier, 525 W. 

West Town, p-v., Minisink t.. Orange co., 
N. Y., 116 s. s. w. Albany, 267 W. It contains 
1 church, an academy, 3 stores, 30 dwellings, 
and about 180 inhabitants. 

West Town, t., Chester co.. Pa., 20 n. w. 
Philadelphia. The surface is level ; soil, sandy 
loam. Drained by Chester cr. It contains 2 
churches and 2 Friends boarding schools, 1 for 
males, and 1 for females. It has 2 stores, cap. 
$9,000 ; 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$900. 1 acad. 244 students, 3 sch. 93 scholars. 
Pop. 924. 

West Townshend, p-o., Townshend t., Wind- 
ham CO., Vt., 122 s. Montpelier, 444 W. 

West Trenton, p-v., Trenton t., Hancock 
CO., Me., 98 E. Augusta, 680 W. 

West Troupsburg, p-o., Troupsburg t., Steu- 
ben CO., N. Y., 236 w. by s. Albany, 295 W. 

West Troy. (See Troy, N. Y.) 

West Turin, t., Lewis co., N. Y., 126 n. w. 
Albany. The sm'face is undulating and broken ; 
soil, loam and fertile clay, adapted to grass. 
Drained by Salmon r. and Fish cr. Bounded e 
by Black r., where are the High falls, 63 feet 
high, immediately below which the Black river 
canal enters the river. It possesses great water 
power. It has 4 stores, cap. $11,000 ; 1 flouring 
m.,8sawm. Cap. in manufac. $2,440. 16 sch. 
472 scholars. Pop. 2,042. 

West Union, p-v., Marshall co., Va., 347 n. 
w. Richmond, 254 W. Situated on the e. side 
of Wheeling r., and contains 1 Presbyterian and 
1 Methodist church, an academy, 3 stores, 1 
printing office, issuing a weekly newspaper, 45 
dwellings, and about 300 inhabitants. In the 
vicinity are 6 flouring ni. 

West Union, p-v., Tiffin t., capital of Adams 



WES 



721 



WEY 



CO., O., 106 s. Columbus, 413 W. It contains 1 
Presbyterian and 1 Methodist church, a marivet 
house, a stone court house, jail, county office.^, 
8 stores, various mechanic shops, 1 printing of- 
fice, issuing a weekly newspaper, and about 500 
inhabitants. 

West Union, p-v., Knox co., la., 103 s. w 
Indianapolis, 679 W. 

West Ur».\n.\, p-o., Urbana t., Steuben co., 
N. Y.,215 w. by s. Albany, 311 W. 

West Vermilion, p-o., Vermilion t., Huron 
CO., O., 113 N. by E. Columbus, 395 W. 

West Vienna, p-o., Vienna t., Oneida co., N. 
Y., 1-25 w. N. w. Albany, 383 W. 

Westville, p-v., Hampden t.. New Haven 
CO., Ct., 3J w. s. w. Hartlbrd, 303 W. It is a 
manufacturing v., situiited on Wapowang r., and 
contains a Methodist church. 

Westville, p-v., Westford t., Otsego co., N. 
Y., 68 w. by s. Albany, 383 W. It has 1 Bap- 
tist church, 2 stores, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., and 
about 20 dwellings. 

Westville, t., Franklin co., N. Y., 8 n. w. 
Malone, 220 n. by w. Albany. The surface is 
level ; soil, sandy loam. Drained by Salmon r. 
It has 2 stores, cap. $18,000 ; 1 grist m., 3 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $6,645. 6 sch. 355 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,028. 

Westville, p-v.. Mad River t.. Champaign 
CO., O., 50 w. Columbus, 414 W. 

Westville, p-v., capital of Simpson county. 
Miss., 55 Jackson, ),024 W. Situated a little s. 
of Strong r., a branch of Pearl r. It contains a 
court house and about 100 inhabitants. 

Westville, v., Smith t., Columbiana co., O., 
Pop. 63. 

Westville, v., Yellow Creek t., Columbiana 
CO., O. It has 2 sch., 305 scholars. Population, 
759. 

West Vincent, t., Chester co.. Pa., 30 n. w. 
Philadelphia. The surface is hilly ; soil, sandy 
loam. Watered by Stony, French, and Ring 
creeks. It has 5 stores, cap. $10,500 ; 1 tannery, 

4 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,377. 

5 sch. 175 scholars. Pop. 1,232. 

West Walworth, p-o., Walworth t., Wayne 
CO., N. Y. 

West Wareham, pv., Wareham t., Plymouth 
CO., Mass., 49 s. s. e. Boston, 442 W. Situated 
on a small stream which enters a branch of 
Buzzards bay, and contains several manufac- 
turing settlements. 

West Waterville, p-v., Waierville t., Ken- 
nebec CO., Me., 19 n. Augusta, 613 VV. Situated 
on Emerson stream, which flows into Kennebec 
r., and has here a high cascade, affording good 
water power. 

West Whiteland, p-t., Chester co., Pa., 72 
Harrisburg, 121 W. The surface is level; soil, 
calcareous loam. Drained by Southern Valley 
cr., which afTords water power. It has 4 stores, 
cap. $105,000; 1 tannery. 1 fulling m., 2 grist m., 
3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $15,410. 4 sch. 149 
scholars. Pop. 1,0S5. 

West Winchester, pv., Winchester t., 
Cheshire co., N. H., 67 s. w. Concord, 420 W. 
It is a manufacturing v., situated on Ashuelot r. 

West Windham, p-o., Windham t.. Rocking- 
ham CO., N. II., 37 s. by e. Concord, 457 W. 

West Windha.m, p-v., Windiiam t., Bradford 
CO., Pa., 152 N. by e. Harrisburg, 263 W. 

West Winfield, p-o., Winfield t., Herkimer 
CO., N. Y., 73 N. w. Albany, 373 W. 

West Windsor, p-o., Windsor t., Broome co., 
jV. Y., 132 s. w. Albany. 304 W. 

West Windsor, t., 3Ieicer co., N. J. It has 
2 stores, cap. $1,700 : 2 distilleries, 2 grist m., 1 
91 



saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,620. 3 sch. 87 
scholars. Pop. 1,536. 

West Windsor, p-o., Richland co., O., 67 n. 
N. E. Columbus, 3S2 W. 

West Woodstock, p-o., Woodstock t., Wind- 
ham CO., Ct., 39 N. E. Hartford, 375 W. 

West Woodville, p-v., Clermont co., O., 89 
s. w. Columbus, 462 W. 

West Worthington, p-o., Worthington t., 
Hampshire co., Mass., 115 w. Boston, 391 VV. 

West Wrentham, p-o., Wrentham t., Nor- 
folk CO., Mass., 36 s. s. w. Boston, 424 W. Situ- 
ated on a branch of Charles r. 

West YaRiMOuth, p-v., Yarmouth t., Barn- 
stable CO., Mass., 80 s. e. Boston, 481 W. It con- 
tains a Congregational and a Methodist church. 

West Zanesville, t., 3Iuskingura co., O. It 
has 1 sch. 49 scholars. Pop. 279. 

Wethersfield, p-t., Hartford co., Ct., 4 s. Hart- 
ford, 336 W. The surface is undulating; soil, 
sandy, gravelly, and argillaceous loam, and very 
fertile. Connecticut r. bounds it on the e., on 
which are extensive and highly productive mea- 
dows. The V. is beautifully situated on the \v. 
side of Connecticut r., in the n. e. part of the t., 
and contains 3 churches — 1 Congregational, 1 
Baptist, and 1 Methodist — an academy, a female 
seminary, several stores, and a number of dwell- 
ings, many of them handsome, and the Connecti- 
cut state's prison. The streets are broad, and 
beautifully shaded with elms. The state prison 
contains apartments lor the Warden, 200 cells 
for convicts, and 2 ranges of workshops, the 
whole enclosed by a wall 20 feet high. The v. 
of Rocky Hill or Stepney, is in the s. part of the 
t. on Connecticut r., where is a convenient land- 
ing. It contains a Congregational church, and 
has some navigation. The v. of Newington, in 
the w. part of the t., contains a Congregational 
and a Methodist church. There are in the t. 9 
stores, cap. $19,575 ; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 3 
grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $157,033. 

1 acad. 56 students, 13 sch. 832 scholars. Pop. 
3, -124. 

Wethersfield, pt., Wyoming co., N. Y., 253 
w. Albany, 361 W. The surfa(-eis rolling; soil, 
sandy and clay loam, adapted to grass. Drain- 
ed by Tonewanda and Wiskoy creeks. It has 4 
stores, cap. $24,000 ; 3 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 

2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. hi manu- 
fac. .$24,300. 9 sch. 560 scholars. Pop. 1,728. 

Wethersfield, p-t., Trumbull co., O., 169 .\. 
E. Columbus, 293 \V. Drained by 3Iahoning r. 
The Pennsylvania and Ohio canal passes through 
it. It has 9 sch. 500 scholars. Pop. 1,447. 

Wethersfield, p-v., Henry co., 111. Situa- 
ted on a branch of Spoon r. 

Wetheiisfield Sfrin(;s, p-v., Wethersfield 
t., Wyoming co., N. Y., 25S w. Albany, 363 W. 
It contains 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Epis- 
copal, and 1 3Iethodist — 2 stores, I woollen lac, 
1 taimery, 25 dwellings, and 150 inhabitants. A 
spring here affords water sufficient to propel the 
factory. 

Wetumpka, city, Montgomery co., Ala., 110 
s. E. Tuscaloosa. Situated on the e. side of the 
Coosa r., and contains 4 churches — 1 Baptist, I 
Episcopal, 1 Methodist, 1 Presbyterian — the 
slate prison, 1 academy, 18 stores, 275 dwellings, 
and 2,6J0 inhabitants. The Harrogate springs, 
containing valuable mineral properties, are situ- 
ated on the s. of the city, and are a place of 
great resort during the summer months. 

We.kford, p-o., Alleghany co.. Pa., 215 n. w. 
Harrisburg, 241 W. 

Wevbridge, t., Addison co., Vt., 30 s. by e. 
Burlington. Drained by Otter Creek r., vvliich 



WHE 



722 



WHE 



has here several falls, affording good water 
power, and hy Lemonfair r. The surface is 
uneven ; soil, fertile, adapted to grazing. It con- 
tains a Congregational church, and a small v. on 
Otter Creek, where are 1 store, and 1 woollen 
fac. Chartered in 1701. There are in the t. 3 
stores, cap. $1,200; 2 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 
1 tannery, 1 paper fac, 1 grist m., 3 saw m., 1 
oil m. Cap. in manufac. $17,100. 6 sch. 153 
scholars. Pop. 797. 

Wevbriuge Lower Falls, p-o., Weybridge 
t., Addison co., Vt., 63 s. w. Montpelier, 486 W. 

Weymouth, p-t., Norfolk co., Mass., 12 s. s. e. 
Boston, 446 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, a 
fertile gravelly loam. Weymouth Eastr. and West 
r. are branches of Boston harbor, and are naviga- 
ble for large vessels. It contains Whitman's 
pond in the .centre, and Great pond in its .s. part. 
It has 3 churches — 2 Congregational, 1 Metho- 
dist. It has 2 villages, 1 in the n., and the other 
in the s. part of the t. The North v. has 300 tons 
of shipping. It has 28 stores, cap. §30,800; 4 
lumber yards, cap. $34,000 ; 1 tannery, 4 grist 
m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $219,400. 4 
acad. 172 students, 8 sch. 1,005 scholars. Pop. 
3,738. 

Wey.mouth, t., Atlantic co., N. J. It has 8 
stores, cap. §16,200 ; 1 lumber yard, cap. $2,000 ; 
1 forge, 1 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$14,000. 6 sch. 336 scholars. Pop 1,158. 

Weymouth, p-o., Medina t., Medina co., O., 
129 N. .\. e. Columbus, 351 W. 

Wh.\leysville, p-v., Worcester co., Md., 115 
s. E. Annapolis, 155 W. 

Wharton, t., Fayette co.. Pa., 11 s. e. Union- 
town. The surface is mountainous ; soil, gravel. 
Youghiogheny r. runs on its e. and N. boundary, 
by branches of which it is drained. It has 2 
stores, cap. $4,000 ; 1 furnace, 1 tannery, 2 grist 
m., 11 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $1,550. 4 sch. 
106 scholars. Pop. 1,325. 

Wharton, p-t.. Potter co.. Pa., 179 w. s. w. 
ITarrisburg, 271 W. Watered by a branch of 
Sandy cr., which flows into Cheat r. It has 1 
store, cap. $3,000 ; 2 grist m., 4 saw. Cap. in 
manufac. $5,000. Pop. 171. 

Wharton's, p-o., Brookfield t., Morgan co., 
O., 99 E. by s. Columbus, 313 W. 

Whately, p-t., Franklin co., Mass., 9 n. 
Northampton, 94 w. Boston, 3id W. The sur- 
face is uneven ; soil, fertile, especially on tlie 
streams. Bounded e. by Connecticut r. Drained 
by 3Iill r. It contains a Congregational and a 
Baptist church. Incorporated in 1771. It has 2 
stores, cap. $5,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 
1 cotton fac. 200 sp., 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 4 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $i7,370. 6 sch. 330 schol- 
ars. Pop. 1,072. 

Wheatfield, t., Niagara co., N. Y., 12 w. 
Lockport, 289 w. by n. Albany. The surface is 
undulating ; soil, generally a fertile loam. Ni- 
agara r. bounds it on the w. Drained by Tona- 
vvanda cr. It has 1 saw m., 6 sch. 352 scholars. 
Pop. 1,057. 

Wheatfield, t.. Perry co.. Pa. It has 1 store, 
cap. $1,500; 1 furnace, 1 forge, 2 grist m., 3 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $5,760 ; 4 sch. 91 scholars. 
Pop. 617. 

Wheatland, p-t., Monroe co., N. Y., 14 s. w. 
Rochester, 273 w. by n. Albany, 368 W. The 
surface is undulating ; soil, calc;areous loam, 
adapted to grain. Drained by Aliens cr., flow- 
ing into Genesee r., which bounds it on the e. 
The v. stands on Aliens cr., 1 m. from its mouth. 
Tliere are in the t. 13 stores, cap. §45,900 ; 1 full- 
ing m., 1 woollen fac, 1 furnace, 3 tanneries, 2 
distilleries, 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manu- 



fac $204,431. 13 sch. 806 scholars. Population, 
2,871. 

Wheatland, p-o., Loudon co., Va., 163 n. 
Richmond, 44 W. 

Wheatland, p-t., Hillsdale co., Mich., 88 s. 
w. Detroit, 528 W. (Post-office called Wheat- 
land Centre.) It has 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac 
$1,200. 5 sch. 109 scholars. Pop. 164. 

Wheat tEY, p-o., Fauquier co., Va., 99 n. 
Richmond, 88 W. 

Wheeler, p-t., Steuben co., N. Y., 216 w. by 
s. Albany, 308 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, 
sandy loam and clay. Drained by Five Mile cr. 
and other branches of Conhocton r. It has 1 full- 
ing m., 1 tannery. 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$4,950. 9 sch. 331 scholars. Pop. 1,294. 

Wheelersburg, p-v.. Porter t., Scioto co., O., 
10 N. E. Portsmouth. 99 s. Columbus, 415 W. It 
was formerly called Concord, and contains 5 
stores, 1 steam cotton fac, 1 machine shop, where 
steam engines are constructed, 30 dwellings, and 
about 200 inliabitants. 

Wheelln'g, cr., Va. and Pa., rises in Washing- 
ton and Greene counties, Pa., and enters the Ohio 
r., in Ohioco.,Va., immediately below Wheeling v. 

Wheeling, city, port of entry, and capital of 
Ohio CO., Va., 351 n. w. Richmorid, 266 W. Pop. 
1810,914; 1820,1,567; 1830, 5,221; 1840,7,835. 
Situated on the e. bank of Ohio r., at the moulh 
of Wheeling cr. It contains a handsome court 
house, a jail, county offices, an academy, 2 banks, 
a theatre, a masonic hall, the Wheeling Institute, 
9 churches — 2 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 1 Bap- 
tist, 2 Methodist, 1 Campbellite, 1 Friends, and 1 
Roman Catholic — 2 academies, 97 stores, 7 com- 
mission and forwarding houses, 4 iron foundries, 
4 steam engine fac, 8 glass houses, in several of 
which cut glass is manufactured, 4 woollen and 
cotton fac. with carding machines, 2 paper m., 4 
saw m., 3 white and sheet lead and copperas 
fac, and in the vicinity 134 flouring m. The city 
contains about 1,000 dwellings, and is handsome- 
ly situated on a high bank" of the r. Over 20 
steamboats are owned here, and many others 
stop at its wharves. The national road passes 
through the place. The city e.\tends li m. along 
the r., is a great thoroughfare, and the largest 
place in W. va. It v^as laid out in 1793. and lias 
received 10 additions, and now contains 1,270 
lots, 856 on the n. and 414 on the s. side of 
Wheeling cr. Zane's island lies in the Ohio r^ 
immediately in front of the city, and contains 350 
acres, one half of which is laid in 923 lots, and 
connected by a bridge with the city. This place 
is called Columbia City, and the national road 
passes through it. Bituminous coal is abundant 
in the vicinity, and 1,500,000 bcshels are exported 
annually. Tonnage 1840, 2,460. 

Wheeling, p-v., Giles co., Tenn., 74 s. Nash- 
ville, 724 W. 

Wheeling, t., Belmont co., O. The soil is 
fertile, adapted to grain and fruit. Drained by 
Indian Wheeling cr., which affords water power. 
It has 2 sch. 65 scholars. Pop. 1,339. 

Wheeling, t., Guernsey co., O. Drained by 
Wills cr. It has 5 sch. 172 scholars. Pop. 909. 

WnEEt.iNG, p-v., Delaware co., la., 71 n. n. e. 
Indianapolis, 542 W. Situated on the s. side of 
Mississinewa r. 

Wheeling, p-o.. Cook co., 111., 227 n. n. e. 
Springfield, 733 W. 

Wheeling, p-v.. Holmes co.. Miss., 81 n. by 
E. Jackson, 978 W. Situated on a branch of Big 
Black r. 

Wheelock, p-t., Caledonia co., Vt., 43 n. e. 
Montpelier, 556 W. Granted and chartered in 
1735 to the president and trustees of Dartmouth 



WHI 



723 WHI 



College and Moore's charity school. Named in 
honor of the first president of the college, Rev. 
John Wheelock, D. D. A considerable part of 
the land is held on lease. First settled in 1790. 
The w. part is uneven and rough, the e. part is 
fertile and well cultivated. A pond of 100 acres 
in its vv. part discharges its waters into Lamoille 
r., and .iliurds water power; another of 50 acres, 
in the e. part, flows in Pasumpsic r. It contains 
a Freewill Baptist church. It has 1 store, cap. 
$3,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 3 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $6,700. 12 sch. 268 schol- 
ar.s. Pop. 881. 

Whetsto.ve, r., O.. called also Olentangy r., 
rises in Richland co., and discharges its waters into 
Scioto r., immediately above Columbus. 

Whetsto.ve, t., Crawford co., O., 18 s. E. 
Bucyrus. It has 7 sch. 480 scholars. Pop. 
1,124. 

WiiiPi'Y S%VAMP, p-o., Beaufort dist., South 
Carolina. 

White, r., Vt., rises in Hancock t., Addison 
CO., and receives 3 large branches from the n., 
called the First, Second, and Third branches, in 
Bethel and Royalton. The Second branch has 
its source in Williamstown, in the same swamp 
with Stevens' branch of Onion or VV^inooslci r. 
Each of these branches affords water power. 
White r. is about 55 ras. long, and (lows into 
Connecticut r., in Hartford t. It is tiio largest 
r. in Vt. on the e. side of the Green mts. The 
road along Onion r. and down White r. afTords a 
pleasant passage across the state, with no high 
tiills. 

White, r., la., is composed of the East and 
West forks. The first rises in Johnson co., re- 
ceives numerous tributaries, and can be made 
navigable 150 ms. above the confluence of the 
branches. The West fork rises in Randolph co., 
receives numerous branches, and is navigable for 
steamboats in high water as far as Indianapolis, 
and for flat-boats much further. The branches 
unite between Daviess and Knox co's., and flow- 
ing about 30 ras. w. s. w. enter the Wabash r. 
The lower part of the r. is 200 yards wide, and 
is navigable for ordinary steamboats at the usual 
stages of water, in the spring season. 

White, r.. Ark., rises in a ridge called the 
Black mountains, and running a considerable 
distance in Mo., enters Ark., and receives Big 
Black r. from tlie .v., between Independence and 
Jackson counties. Thence flowing s. and s. s. e. 
it receives on the w. Little Red r., and on the e. 
Cache r., and enters the Mississippi r. in Uesha 
CO. About 7 ms. from its mouih it is connected, 
through an inundated forest, by a bayou as wide 
as the r. with Arkansas r., 30 ms. above its mouth, 
which, in moderate stages of the water, is boat- 
able. White r. has a very winding course, and 
is said to be boatable for 1,000 ms., though its 
length in a direct course, is not over 500 ms. 
riie country through which it flows is extensive- 
ly a fertile agricultural and a rich mineral re- 
gion. Near its entrance into the Mississippi, its 
course is through a deep swamp. 

White Mountains, N. H. Situated in Coos 
CO., toward the n. e. part of the state. In their 
more elevated parts, the range extends in a di- 
rection of N. w. and s. e. for 20 ms., with a 
breadth of 8 or 10 ms. They lie 30 ms. n. of 
Winnipiseogee lake, and 70 n. Concord. Until 
recently they were regarded as the highest land 
in the United States e. of the Rocky mountains, 
but it has been ascertained that there are higher 
peaks in North Carolina. The 3 highest peaks 
of each, above the level of the sea, are as fol- 
lows: 



White Mountai/is, N. H. 

Mount Washington . . 6,234 feet. 

Adams 5,328 " 

Jefferson .... 5,058 " 

Mountains in Yancey co., N. C. 
Black JMountain .... 6,476 feet. 
Roane " .... 6,038 " 
Grandfather mt 5,556 " 

Madison peak, of the White mountains, is 4,866 
feet, Monroe 4,711 feet, Franklin 4,.356 feet, La- 
fayette 4,339 feet high. 3Iount Washington is 
frequently visited by travellers, who commonly 
ascend by the s. e. side, commencing at the town 
of Conway, and following the course of the Saco 
r., which rises high in the mt. After climbing up 
the side of the mt. for a considerable distance, 
the trees begin to diminish in height, till at the 
elevation of about 4,000 feet, you come to a re- 
gion of dwarfish evergreens, about the height of 
a man's head, putting forth numerous horizontal 
branches, clot-ely interwoven with each other, 
and surrounding the mountain with a formidable 
hedge. On emerging from this thicket, you are 
above all woods, at the foot of what is called the 
bald part of the mountain, which consists of a 
huge pile of naked rocks. After attaining the 
smnmit, the traveller is recompensed lor his toil, 
if the sky be clear, with a most grand and exten- 
sive prospect, embracing the Atlantic ocean at 
Portland, 65 ms. in a direct line to the s. e. ; the 
Katahdin mountains to the n. e., near the sources 
of Penobscot r. ; on the w. to the Green moun- 
tains in Vt. ; and 3Ionadnock mt., 120 ms. s. w. 
Among the nearer and more picturesque objects 
are Umbagog and VV^innipiseogee lakes, Andros- 
coggin and Connecticut rivers, and numerous 
smaller lakes and streams. Beneath and around, 
in every direction, the mountains extend many 
miles from the summit, resembling in their shape 
the waves of the sea in a storm. The elevated 
summits of the White mountains are covered 
with snow for 9 or 10 months in the year. The 
w'iter of this has seen 3Iount Washington from 
a high hill a little w. of llallovvell, 3Ie., in the 
month of May, its white top apparently covered 
with snow. The Notch or Gap, on the w. side 
of the mountain, is a deep and narrow defile, in 
one part only 22 feet wide. The road from Lan- 
caster, N. IT., to Portland Mo., which passes 
through this gap, is crossed by Saco r. Several 
brooks, the tributaries oi' the Saco, fall down the 
.--ides of the mountains, forming a succession of 
beautiful cascades, some of tbem within sight of 
the road, presenting the wildest and most roman- 
tic scenery. The \Vhite mountains belong to a 
range which extends southwardly to Belcher- 
town, 3Iass., where it divides into 2 branches, 
called the Lyme range, and the .Alount Tom 
range. 

VViiiTE, County, Tenn. Situated in the cen- 
tral part of the state, and contains 672 sq. ms. 
Drained by Caney Fork of Cumberland r. and 
its branches. Capital, Sparta. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 9,709, sheep 8,970, swine 34,277; 
wheat 51,082 bush, produced, rye 6,691, Ind. com 
405,149, oats 85,S99, potatoes 15,563, tobacco 
23,014 pounds, cotton 8, 193, sugar 1,096 ; 8 stores, 
cap. $35,600 ; 2 forges, 63 tanneries, 32 distiller- 
ies, 3 potteries, 10 flouring m., 21 grist m., 13 saw 
m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. 
in manufac. 820,865. Pop. whites 9,640, slaves 
933, free col'd 174 ; total, 10,747. 

White, county, la. Situated toward the .N. 
w. part of the state, and contains o'SJ sq. ms. 
Nearly cue half the surface is prairie, and the soil 



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's fertile. Drained by Tippecanoe r. and its tri- 
butaries. Capital, iVIonticello. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 3,617, sheep 2.254, swine 6,071 ; 
wheat 17,981 bush, produced, Ind. corn 124,782, 
oats 36,528, potatoes 7,849 ; 2 flouring m., 53 saw 
m., 5 sch. 95 scholars. Pop. 1,832. 

White, county. 111. Situated toward the s. e. 
part of the state, and contains 480 sq ms. Wa- 
bash r. bounds it on the e. Drained by Little 
Wabash r. and Skillet Fork. Between Great 
and Little Wabash are fine prairies, and the 
margins of these streams are heavily timbered. 
Capital, Carmi. There were in 1340, neat cattle 
6,912, sheep 6,602, swine 30,9-17; wheat 32,953 
bu.sh. produced, Ind. corn 382,710, oats 42,262, 
potatoes 6,232, tobacco 68,061 pounds, cotton 
2,208 ; 1 commission house, cap. $500 ; 20 stores, 
cap. $72,760 ; 7 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 2 flouring 
m., 8 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufactures 
)3il9,230. 14 sch. 352 scholars. Pop. 7,919. 

White, county. Ark. Situated a little n. e. 
of the centre of the state, and contains 1,000 sq. 
ms. White r. runs on its E. border. Drained by 
Little Ked r. Capital, Searcy. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 3,155, sheep 367, swine 3,827; 
wheat 327 bush, produced, Indian corn 37,910, 
oats 1,745, potatoes 3,879 ; 3 stores, cap. $12,750 : 
5 grist m., 1 saw m. Pop. whites 841, slaves 88 ; 
total, 929. 

White, t., Cambria co., Pa. It has 2 saw m., 

3 sch. 90 scholars. Pop. 433. 

White, p-o., Hancock co., la., 39 Indianapolis, 
550 W. 

White, t., Carroll co., Ark. It has 1 grist m., 
1 sch. 20 scholars. Pop. 222. 

White Chimneys, p-o., Caroline co., Va., 30 
N. Richmond, 90 W. 

White Clay Creek, ph.. New Castle co., 
Del. The cr. is a branch of Christiana or. 

White Cottage, p-o., Muskingum co., O., 60 
Columbus, 345 W. 

White Cros.s, p-o.. Orange co., N. C. 

W^HITE, C. II., p-v., capital of White co., Ark., 
50 N. N. E. Little Rock, 1,076 W. Situated in 
Searcy v., on the s. w. bank of Little Red r. It 
contains a court house, jail, and a number of 
dwellings. 

White Creek, p-t., Washington co., N. Y., 
12 s. Salem, 43 n. e. Albany, 413 W. The sur- 
face is hilly ; soil, a fertile sandy loam, highly 
cultivated. Drained by Owl and Little White 
creeks, flowing into Hoosic r., which bounds it 
partly on the s. The v. is situated on White cr., 
and contains 1 Baptist and 1 Friends church, 3 
stores, 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 100 dwellings, 
and about 700 inhabitants. It is surrounded by 
a fertile agricultural region, particularly adapted 
to grazing. There are in the t. 8 stores, cap. 
$16,000; 1 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 2 grist m., 

4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,000. 8 sch. 230 
scholars. Pop. 2,195. 

White Creek Springs, p-o., Davidson co., 
Tenn., 11 n. Nashville, 695 W. 

White Day, p-o., Monongalia co., Va., 284 n. 
■w. Richmond, 217 W. 

White Deer, mt., a chain of the Alleghany 
mountains, running e. and w. The w. branch 
of Susquehanna r. washes its eastern base. 

White Deer, p-v., Lycoming co.. Pa., 78 n. 
Harrisburg, 188 W. 

White Deer, t.. Union co.. Pa. The surface 
is mountainous ; soil, calcareous loam, gravel, 
and alluvion. Bounded n. by White Deer moun- 
tain. Drained by White Deer cr., which flows 
into Sus(iuehanna r. It contains the v. of New 
Columbia. It has 2 stores, cap. $6,000 ; 2 fulling 
m., 2 tanneries, 2 distilleries, 2 grist m., 6 saw m., 



1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $10,150. 5 sch. 500 
scholars. Pop. 1,252. 

White Deer Mills, p-o., Union co.. Pa., 75 
n. Harrisburg, 185 W. 

White Eyes, t., Coshocton co., O. Organized 
in 1H23. Drained by small branches of Tuscara- 
was r. It has 2 distilleries, 1 grist m., 4 saw m. 
Pop. 997. 

White Eyes Plains, p-o., Coshocton co., O., 
88 N. E. (Columbus, 329 W. The plains are on 
the s. side of Tuscarawas r., and are named from 
a Delaware Indian chief. 

Whitefielu, p-t., Lincoln co.. Me., 14 n. Wis- 
casset, J6 s. e. Augusta, 602 W. Drained by 
Sheepscot r., which affords good water power. 
Incorporated in 1809. It has 7 stores, capital 
$7,400 ; 2 fulling m., 6 tanneries. Cop. in man- 
ufac. $1,700. 16 sch. 917 scholars. Pop. 2,150. 

Whitefikld, p-t., Coos co., N. H., 9 s. Lan- 
caster, 93 N. Concord, 554 W. Drained by John's 
r. It has several ponds. The soil is light and 
moderately fertile. Chartered in 1774. It has 
1 store, cap. iijj3,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 
grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $17,000. 5 
sch. 235 scholars. Pop. 751. 

Whiteford, p-o., Lucas co., O., 146 n. w. Co- 
lumbus, 477 W. 

White Gate, p-o., Giles co., Va., 241 w. Rich- 
mond, 301 W. 

White Hall, p-t., Washington co., N. Y.. 21 
N. Sandy Hill, 73 n. Albany, 443 W. The sur- 
face is hilly ; soil, generally clay, adapted to 
grass. Drained by Wood cr. and Pawlet and 
Poultney rivers, which enter into the head of 
Lake Champlain. The v. is situated at the head 
of Lake Champlain, and contains 3 churches — 1 
Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Methodist — a 
bank, 30 stores and groceries, 2 forwarding houses, 
1 woollen fac, 1 flouring m., 2 saw m., 1 planing 
machine, 1 machine shop, 2 ship yards, and 2 dry 
docks, 1 tannery, 300 dwellings, and 2,400 in- 
liabilants. Two large steamboats sail from this 
place for the conveyance of passengers and mer- 
chandise, and 2 steam tow-boats, 50 sloops and 
schooners, and 70 canal boats. Two daily lines 
of canal packets, when the canal is open, leave 
this place for Troy. This is the n. terminalioa 
of the Champlain canal. There are in the t. 27 
stores, cap. §94,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 printing office, 
1 weekly newspaper, 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $18,550. 3 acad. 164 students, 16 
sch. 859 scholars. Pop. 3,813. 

White Hall, p-v., Madeira t., Columbia co.. 
Pa., 87 N. Harrisburg, 197 W. It contains a store 
and 5 or 6 dwellings. 

White Hall, p-o., Tuscarawas co., O., 107 e. 
n. e. Columbus, 302 W. 

White Hall, p-v., Frederick co., Va., 154 n. 
.N. w. Richmond, 82 W. It contains 1 Methodist 
church, 2 stores, 18 dwellings, and 75 inhabitants. 

White Hall, p o., Baltimore co., Md. 

White Hall, p-v., Mecklenburg co., N. C, 
166 w. s. w. Raleigh, 405 W. It contains about 
75 inhabitants. 

White Hall, p-v., Abbeville dist., S. C, 93 
w. Columbia, 545 W. It contains about 50 in- 
habitants. 

White Hall, p-v., Marengo co., Ala , 94 s. 
Tuscaloosa, 894 W. 

White Hall, p-v., St. Joseph co., la., 133 n. 
Indianapolis, 630 W. 

White Hall, p-v., Greene co.. 111., 59 s. w. 
Springfield, 841 W. It contains 1 Baptist and 1 
Methodist church, 11 stores, 1 steam saw m., and 
295 inhabitants. 

White Hall, p-v., Fayette co., Tenn., 190 s. 
w. Nashville, 875 W. 



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WiiiTK Haue, po., Barry CO., Mo., 155 s. w. 
Jefferson City, 1,101 W. 

White H.vven, p-v., Luzerne co., Pa., 114 n. 
E. Harrisburg 222 \V. 

White Have.v, p-v., Somerset co., Md., 103 
s. e. AnnapolLs, 113 W. Situated on Wicomico 
r., and contains about 75 inhabitants. 

White Hoijsf, p-o, Readington t., Hunter- 
don CO., N. J., 40 N. N. w. Trenton, 205 W. 
Situated on Rockaway creek, and contains 1 
Presbyterian and 1 Dutch Reformed church, 3 
stores, and 15 or 20 dwellings. 

White House, p-o., Cumberland co.. Pa., 21 
w. s. w. Harri.sburg, 110 W. 

White House, p-o., Mecklenburg co., Va., 
129 s. w. Richmond, 234 W. 

White House, po., Henry co., Ga., 72 w. n. 
w. Milledgeville, 676 W. 

White House, p-o., Lewis co., Ky., 101 e. n. 
E. Frankfor., 4S4 W. 

White L.\ke, p-o.. Bethel t., Sullivan co., N. 
Y., 118 s.w. Albany, 302 W. 

White L.\ke, p-t., Oakland co., Mich., 43 n. 
w. Detroit, 567 W. It has 1 sch. 15 scholars. 
Pop. 549. 

Whiteley, p-t., Greene co., Pa. The surface 
is rolling ; soil, loam. Drained by Whiteley cr., 
which fiows into Monongahela river, and by 
brandies of Dunkard's creek. It has 10 stores, 
cap. $103,800; 1 woollen fac, 3 tanneries, 3 dis- 
tilleries, 3 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$5,845. 7 sch. 1 14 scholars. Pop. 2,043. 

Whiteleysburg, p-v., Kent co., Del., 20 s. 
w. Dover, 103 W. 

White Marsh, p-t., 3Iontgomery co.. Pa., 11 
N. w. Philadelphia, 104 e. Harrisburg, 150 W. 
The surface is level ; soil, red shale. Drained 
by Wissahickon cr. The v. is situated on Wis- 
sahickon cr., and contains 1 Episcopal church, 1 
store, 1 flouring m., and 1 grist m. Lime is man- 
ufactured. It has 12 stores, cap. $27,000 ; 2 lum- 
ber yards, cap. $10,200; 1 fulling m., 2 cotton 
fac. 72 sp., 5 (louring m., 1 grist m., 2 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. Si48,090. 6 sch. 246 scholars. 
Pop. 2,079. 

White Marsh, p-o., Columbus co., N. C, 135 
s. by w. Raleigh, 423 W. 

White Mou.n'tains, p-o., Coos co., N. H., 101 
N, Concord, 562 W. 

White Oak, p-o., Rutherford co., N. C, 226 
w. s. w. Raleigh, 463 W. 

White Oak, p-o., Columbia co., Ga., 105 e. n. 
E. Milledgeville, 597 W. 

White Oak, p-o., Humphreys co., Tenn., 67 
w. Nashville, 751 W. 

White Oak, t., Highland co., O. Drained by 
branches of White Oak cr. It has 4 sch. 117 
scholars. Pop. 887. 

White Oak, t., Ingham county, Mich. Pop. 
270. 

White Oak Flats, p-o., Sevier co., Tenn., 
237 E. by s. Nashville, 510 W. 

White Oak Grove, p-o., Greene co., Mo., 164 
8. s. w. Jefferson City, 1,081 W. 

White Oak Springs, p-o., Barbour co., Ala., 
189 s. E. Tuscaloosa, 821 W. 

White Oak Springs, p-v., Iowa co.. Wis., 
92 s. w. Madison, 876 W. 

White Pigeon, p-t., St. Joseph co., Mich., 
148 w. s. w. Detroit, 593 W. The v. is situated 
on White Pigeoncr., and contains 1 Presbyterian 
and 1 Methodist church, 5 stores, several me- 
chanic shops, and a few dwellings. It is a place 
of considerable business. There are in the t. 1 
tannery, 1 distillerv, 3 flouring m., 3 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $28,000. Pop. 680. 

White Plains, p-t., semi-capital of Westches- 



ter CO., N. Y., 129 s. Albany, 254 W. The sur- 
face is uneven ; soil, loam, adapted to grass, and 
well cultivated. Drained by Bronx river and 
Mamaronock cr. The v. contains a court house, 
jail, county clerk's office, 4 churches — 1 Presby- 
terian, 1 fjpiscopal, and 2 Methodist— an acade- 
my, a female seminary, 4 stores, 1 woollen fac, 
100 dwellings, and about 700 inhabitants. There 
are in the t. 4 acad. 100 students, 4 sch. 102 
scholars. Pop. 1,087. 

White Plains, p-o., Brunswick co., Va., 90 s. 
s. w. Richmond, 206 VV. 

White Plains, p-o., Anderson dist., S. C, 
135 w. n. w. Columbia, 531 W. 

White Plains, p-o., Greene co., Ga., 13 e. 
by s. Greensboro', 56 n. Milledgeville, 616 W. 
It contains 2 churches, an academy, and 2 
stores. 

White Plains, p-o., Benton co., Ala., 146 e. 
N. E. Tuscaloosa, 724 W. 

White Plains, po., Jackson co., Tenn., 96 e. 
N. E. Nashville, 618 W. 

White Post, p-v., Clarke co., Va., 140 n. n. 
w. Richmond, 71 W. 

White Post, p-o., Pulaski co., la., 96 n. n. 
w. Indianapolis, 655 W. 

White River, p-o., Desha co.. Ark., 139 s. e. 
Little Rock, 1,065 W. 

White River, t., Benton co.. Ark. Pop. 
231. 

White River, t., Gibson co., la. It has 2 
sch. 64 scholars. Pop. 700. 

White River, t., Hamilton co., la. It has 2 
sch. 95 scholars. Pop. 1,343. 

White River, t., Izard co.. Ark. It has 3 
stores, cap. $9,700; 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $8,350. 2 sch. 52 scholars. Pop. 
551. 

White River, t.. Independence co., Ark. It 
has 2 sch. 45 scholars. Pop. 556. 

White River, t., Marion co., Ark. It has 1 
grist m. Pop. 339. 

White River, t., Randolph co., la. It has 4 
stores, cap. $10,500; 3 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 
flouring m., 3 grist m, 6 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $1,490. 4 sch. 105 scholars. Pop. 2,227. 

White River, t., Washington co.. Ark. Pop. 
492. 

Whites, p-o., Elbert co., Ga., 114 n. n. e. 
Milledgeville, 593 W. 

Whites Bend, p-o., Davidson co., Tenn., 8 
Nashville, 692 W. 

Whitesborough, Oneida co., N. Y. (See 
Whitestown.) 

Whitesrurg, p-v., Madison co., Ala., 143 n. 
N. E. Tuscaloosa, 718 W. 

White Stone, p-o., Lancaster co., Va., 95 e. 
by N. Richmond, 156 W. 

Whitesides, county, HI. Situated in the n. 
w. part of the state, and contains 770 sq. miles. 
Formed in 1836 from Jo-Daviess co. Watered 
by Rock river and its branches. The surface is 
level or undulating; soil, fertile. Capital, Lyn- 
don. There were in 1840, neat cattle 2,852, 
sheep 765, swine 6,751; wheat 27,206 bushels 
produced, Indian corn 80,680, oats 26,886, pota- 
toes 33,918, sugar 1,020 pounds; 12 stores, cap. 
$32,500 ; 4 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $24,700. 8 sch. 194 scholars. Pop. 2,514. 

White's Store, p-o., Norwich t., Chenango 
CO., N. Y., 102 w. by s. Albany, 335 W. 

White's Store, Sullivan co., Tenn. 

White's Store, p-o., Anson co., N. C, 159 s. 
w. Raleigh, 428 W. 

Whitestown, p-t., semi-capital of Oneida co., 
N. Y., 96 w. N. w. Albany, 392 W. The surface 
is undulating ; soil, calcareous loam, and fertile. 



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Drained by Oriskany and Sadaquada creeks, 
flowing into Moliawk r., which bounds it on the 
N. E. Whilesborough v., situated on the s. side 
of Mohawk r., contains a court house, jail, 4 
churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Congregational, 1 
Baptist, and 1 Methodist — 3 stores, 1 large cot- 
ton fac. 3,000 sp , I large flouring m., an acade- 
my, 300 dwellings, and about 1,800 inhabitants. 
It is cliiefly on one street, over one mile long, fine- 
ly shaded with trees, with gravelled side walks. 
It contains the Oneida Institute, a manual labor 
institution, which has a pres-ident and several 
professors. Incorporated in 1839. It has attach- 
ed to it a farm of 114 acres, and has several con- 
venient buildings. There are in the t. 24 stores, 
cap. $114,700; 10 fulling m., 5 woollen fac, 2 
cotton fdc. 1.0,100 sp., 2 tanneries, 1 paper fac, 1 
printing oflico, 1 weekly newspaper, 2 flouring 
m., 2 grist m., 5 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. St)32,020. 2 acad. 281 students, 15 sch. 851 
scholars. Pop. 5,156. 

WniTEsTOWN, p-o., Butler co., Pa., 211 w. N. 
w. Harrisburg, 253 W. 

Whitestown, p-o., Ottowa co., O., 125 n. 
Cohirabus, 443 W. 

Whitestown, p-v., Benton co.. Mo. 

White Sulphur, p-o., Scott co., Ky. 

White Sulphur Springs, p-v., Greenbrier 
CO., Va., 205 w. by n. Richmond, 242 W. This 
celebrated mineral spritrg discharges 18 gallons a 
minute, at a uniform temperature of 60 degrees 
of Fahrenheit. It contains sulphate of lime, sul- 
phate of soda, carbonate of magnesia, chloride 
of calcium, sulpho-hydrate of sodium, organic 
matter, iodine, sulphate of magnesia, carbonate 
of lime, chloride of sodium, per oxide of iron, 
phosphate of lime, precipitated sulphur ; and the 
gaseous contents are carbonic acid, sulphuretted 
hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. It is found to 
be highly efficacious in dyspepsia, liver com- 
plaints, jaundice, gout, rheumatism, diseases of 
the skin, and various other complaints. The ac- 
commodations are elegant and extensive, suffi- 
cient for 1,500 persons. From 4,000 to 6,000 per- 
sons visit it annually, and the water is extensively 
exported. It retains its most valuable properties 
when removed from the spring. 

White Sulphur Springs, p-o., Meriwether 
CO., Ga. 

Whitesville, p-v.. Independence t., Alle- 
ghany CO., N. Y., 265 w. by s. Albany, 301 W. 
It contains 1 Baptist and 1 MethodLst church, 2 
stores, 1 woollen fac, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 
tannery, 40 dwellings, and about 300 inhabitants. 

Whitesville, p-v., capital of Columbus co., 
N. C, 125 s. by w. Raleigh, 413 W. Situated 
on the E. side of Beaver Dam cr., a branch of 
Waccaraaw r., and contains a court house, jail, 
and about 75 dwellings. 

Whitesville, p-v., Harris co., Ga., 148 w. s. 
w. Milledgeville, 766 W. It contains a Metlio- 
dist church, an academy, and 3 stores. 

Whitesville, p-v., Duval co., Flor., 262 e. 
Tallahassee, 826 W. Situated on s. side of 
Black r., at Gareys ferry. 

Whitesville, pv., Wilkinson co.. Miss., 136 
S. w. Jackson, 1,136 W. 

Whitesville, p-v., Hardeman co., Tenn., 172 
w. s. w. Nashville, 857 W. Situated on a 
branch of Big Hatchee r., and contains about 75 
inhabitants. 

White Top, p-o., Sullivan co., Tenn. 

Whitewater, r., la., rises in Randolph co., 
and flows s. and s. e. until it enters the Great 
Miami r., in the s. w. part of Ohio, 20 ms. 
below Brookville. Flat-boats of the largest size 
pass down this r., in the time of spring floods. 



Whitewater, t., Hamilton co., O. Watered 
by Whitewater r. It has 8 sch. 344 scholars. 
Pop. 1,883. 

Whitewater, p-o., Wayne co., la., 83 e. 
Indianapolis, 502 W. 

Whitewater, p-o., Walworth co., Wis., 91 e. 
s. E. Madison, 824 W. 

Whitfield, t., Indiana co., Pa. It has 4 
stores, cap. $8,200 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 
1 tannery, 2 distilleries, 4 grist m., 4 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $11,025. 1 sch. 119 scholars. 
Pop. 1,664. 

Whitford, t., Monroe co., Mich. It has 3 
sch. 57 scholars. Pop. 363. 

Whiting, p-t., Washington co., Me., 169 e. n. 
e. Augusta, 755 W. Machias bay lies on its s. 
E. border, into which a pond near its centre has 
its outlet. A larger pond in its N. part flows 
into Cobscook bay. Incorporated in 1825. It 
has 1 grist m., 5 saw m., 6 sch. 195 scholars. 
Pop. 463. 

Whiting, p-t., Addison co., Vt., 69 s. w. Mont- 
pelier, 471 W. Otter Creek r. bounds it on the 
e., which affords water power. In the e. part 
is a swamp of 2 or 3,000 acres. The surface is 
moderately uneven ; soil, fertile, adapted to 
grain and to grazing. It contains a Congregation- 
al and a Bapti.st church. Chartered in 1763, 
first settled in 1773. It was abandoned during 
the revolutionary war, but resettled at its close. 
It has 2 stores, cap. $25,000 ; 1 saw m., 5 sch. 
142 scholars. Pop. 659. 

Whitingham, p-t., Windham co., Vt., 141 s. 
by w. Montpelier, 422 W. The surface is 
uneven ; soil, fertile. Drained by Deerfield r. 
and its branches. Limestone is abundant. It 
contains a valuable mineral spring. Fir.st set- 
tled in 1770. It contains a church, and has 
several religious denominations. It has 5 stores, 
cap. $20,200 ; 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 9 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $11,250. 13 sch. 480 scholars. 
Pop. 1,3J1. 

Wiiitinsville, p-v., Worcester co., Mass., 
39 w. Boston, 404 W. 

Whitley, county, Ky. Situated in the s. E. 
part of the state, and contains 600 sq. ms. Drain- 
ed by Cumberland r., which flows circuitously 
through it, and by its branches. Capital, Wil- 
liam.sburg. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
6,174, sheep 5,059, swine 15,991 ; wheat 4,949 
bush, produced, Ind. corn 191,170, oats 35,099, 
potatoes 9,459, tobacco 8,297 pounds, cotton 
14,725, sugar 2,418; 10 stores, cap. $12,700; 8 
distilleries, 44 grist m., 5 saw m., 2 sch. 44 schol- 
ars. Pop. whites 4,508, slaves 146, free col'd 
19 ; total, 4,673. 

Whitley, county, la. Situated toward the 
N. E. part of the state, and contains 324 sq. ms. 
The soil is iertile. Drained by Eel r. and its 
branches, which afford water power. Capital, 
Columbia. There were in 1810, neat cattle 
9,207, sheep 407, swhie 3,067 ; wheat 5,638 bush, 
produced, Ind. corn 27,135, oats 3,074, potatoes 
90,091, sugar 22,595 pounds; 2 stores, cap. 
$1,300; 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$5,700. 1 sch. 3) scholars. Pop. 1,237. 

Whitley, C. H., Whitley co., Ky., 125 s. s. 
E. Frankfort, 513 W. Situated in Williamsburg 
v., on the s. side of Cumberland r., and contains 
a court house, jail, and about 50 inhabitants. 

Whitley, p-v., Whitley co., la., 120 n. n. e. 
Indianapolis, 535 W. Situated on the N. w. side 
of Eel r. 

Whitleysville, p-o., Jackson co., Tenn., 82 
E. by N. Nashville, 640 W. 

Whitlocksville, p-v., Bedford t., Westches- 
ter CO., N. y., 125 s. Albany, 268 W. Situated 



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at the junction of Croton and Cross rivers, and 
contains 1 church, 2 stores, 1 grist m., 1 clothier's 
works, and about 20 dwellings. 

Whitneys Point, p-o.. Triangle t., Broome 
CO., N. Y., 130 w. s. w. Albany, 313 W. 

Whitneys Valley, p-v.. Burns t., Alleghany 
CO., N. y., 248 w. by s. Albany, 329 W. It con- 
tains 2 churches, 2 stores, and about 25 dwell- 
ings. 

VV'KiTP.iiNE, t., Montgomery co.. Pa. It has 
3 stores, cap. $10,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 flouring m., 

3 grist m., 2 saw rn. Cap. in manufac. $6,278. 

4 sch. 353 scholars. Pop. 1,224. 
WiiiTTiNGTON, p-v.. Hot Springs co.. Ark., 41 

w. by s. Little Rock, 1,106 W. Situated on a 
branch of Saline r. 

Whittle's Mills, p-o., Mecklenburg co., Va., 
99 s. w. Richmond, 215 W. 

WicKFORD, p-v., N. Kingston t., Washington 
CO., R. I., 22 s. Providence, 401 W. Situated on 
a branch of Narraganset bay, on its w. side, 
which affords a good harbor. It contains 3 
churches — 1 Baptist, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Friends 
— an academy, a bank, a town house, 30 stores, 
and about 100 dwellings. It has considerable 
navigation employed in the coasting and West 
India trade. 

Wicojiico, r., rises in Sussex co., Del., and 
flows s. w. into Chesapeake bay, s. of Nanticoke r. 

Wico.Mico Church, p-o., iS'orthuinberland co., 
Va., 99 E. N. E. Richmond, 160 W. 

WicoNisco, p-t., Dauphin co., Pa., 53 N. Har- 
risburg, 163 W. Wiconisco cr. enters the Sus- 
quehanna r. on the w. boundary of tiiis t., 20 ms. 
above Harrisburg. Pop. 489. 

Widem.vn's, p-o., Abbeville dist., S. C, 87 w. 
Columbia, 543 W. 

Wiggins Ferry, p-o., St. Clair co.. 111., 95 s. 
by w. Springfield, 806 W. Situated on the 
Mississippi, opposite to St. Louis, Mo. It has 2 
steam ferry-boats crossing to St. Louis, 1 store, 
and several dwellings. 

WiLBR,vH.\M, p-t., Hampden co., Mass., 83 
Boston, 36S W. The surlace is moderately 
uneven ; soil, fertile, adapted to grazing. Chick- 
apee r. runs on its n. boundary. The Boston and 
Springfield railroad passes through its .\. part. It 
contains the Wesleyan Academy, under the di- 
rection of the Methodists, incorporated in 1824. 
It has a large number of students, and is flourish- 
ing. The t. has 2 villages, in each of which is a 
Congregational and a Methodist church. It was 
incorporated in 1763. It has 4 stores, cap. 
$11,8!)0; 3 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 3 grist in., 8 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. §1,190. 1 acad. 225 
students, 11 schools, 394 scholars. Population, 
3,864. 

Wilcox, county, Ala. Situated s. w. of the 
centre of the state, and contains 1,200 sq. ms. 
Drained by Alabama r. and its branches. Capi- 
tal, Barboursville. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 15,800, .sheep 3,630, swine 33,000 ; wheat 
2,450 bush, produced, rye 1,050, Ind. corn 
650,000, oats 256,510, potatoes 667,417, rice 
28,825 pounds, cotton 1,722,030; 21 stores, cap. 
$96,950 ; 3 tanneries, 2 flouring m . 16 grist m., 
10 saw m., 1 priming office, 1 weekly newspa- 
per. Cap. in manufac. §42,100. 5 acad. 205 
stiidents, 14 sch. 425 scholars. Pop. whiles 
5,960, slaves 9,294, free col'd 24; total, 15,278. 

Wilcox. C. H., p-v., capital of Wilcox co., 
Ala., 97 s. Tuscaloosa, 8i9 W. Situated in 
Barboursville v., a few ms. s. of Alabama r., and 
contains a court house, jail, and about 275 in- 
habitants. 

WiLooxviLLE, p-v., Schuyler co., 111., 54 w. 
N. w. Springfield, 832 W. 



Wilderness, p-o., Spottsylvania co., Va., 77 
N. N. vv. Richmond, 71 W. 

Wilfong's Mills, p-v., Lincoln co., N. C, 
173 vv. by s. Raleigh, 416 W. It contains 1 
store, and a few dwellings. In the vicinity much 
gold is found, and the mines are wrought to ad- 
vantage. 

Wilkes, county, N. C. Situated in the n. w. 
part of the stale, and contains 864 sq. ms. Drain- 
ed by Yadkin r. and its numerous branches. It 
is surrounded by mountains, having the Blue 
Ridge on its n. w. border, and near its s. w. 
boundary in Yancey co.. Black mt., more ele- 
vated than any other peak in the United States 
E. of the Rocky mountains. Its surface is an 
elevated mountain valley. Capital, Wilkesboro.' 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 13,977, sheep 
13,359, swuie 40,965 ; wheat 30,263 bush, pro- 
duced, rye 16,685, Ind. corn 46.3,793, oats 64,210, 
potatoes 30,220, tobacco 21,567 pounds, cotton 
12,468 ; 8 stores, cap. ,$33,600 ; 4 tanneries, 209 
distilleries, 2 potteries, 1 flouring m., 100 grist m., 
36 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $40,010. 1 
acad. 30 students, 1 sch. 20 scholars. Pop. whites 
10,976, slaves 1,43 ), free col'd 171 ; total, 12,577. 

Wilkes, county, Ga. Situated in the e., to- 
ward the N. part of the state, and contains 550 sq. 
ms. Broad r. bounds it on the n. and Little r. on 
the s. Drained by Fishing cr. and its branches, 
which flows into Savannah r. Capital, Wash- 
ington. There were in 1840, neat cattle 9,391, 
sheep 4,181, swine 15,939 ; wheat 33,906 bush, 
produced, Ind. corn 288,259, oats 64,180, potatoes 
6,394, cotton 2,315,087 pounds; 9 stores, capital 
.$73,500 ; 1 distillery, 2 flouring m., 15 grist m., 4 
saw m., 2 printing oUices, 1 periodical, 2 weekly 
newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $24,230. 1 col- 
lege, 116 students, 2 acad. 86 students, 14 sch. 
3J0 scholars. Pop. whites 3,630, slaves 6,501, 
free col'd 17 ; total, 10,148. 

Wilkesb.\rre, p-t., capital of Luzerne co., 
Pa., 127 N. E. Ilarrisburg, 231 W. Wyoming mt. 
crosses it in the centre. Bounded n. w. by Sus- 
quehanna r., between which and the mt. the sur- 
face is level, and the soil a fertile alluvion : s. e. 
of the mt. the country is hilly, and mostly sterile. 
It is in the midst of the anthracite coal region. 
Watered by Mill and Solomon's creeks, and 
Laurel run, which flow into the Susquehanna, 
and Bear cr. and its tributaries, which flow into 
the Lehigh. Willct'sbarre h. lies on the e. side of 
Susquehanna r. It contains a court house, jail, 
and county offices, situated on a .square inter- 
sected by the 4 principal streets, which enter the 
square at its corners, but in other respects regu- 
larly laid out, an academy, a seminary for young 
ladies, 2 churches — 1 Episcopal and 1 3Iethodist 
— a bank; 22 stores, cap. $119,100; 1 lumber 
yard, cap. §1,000; 2 furnaces, 2 tanneries, 1 
brewery, 1 pottery, 2 printing offices, 1 weekly 
newspaper, 1 flouring in. Cap. in manufac. 
$53,300. 2 acad. 65 students, 7 sch. 330 scholars. 
Pop. 1,718. It was laid out in 1773, under the 
Susquehanna Land Company of Connecticut, and 
named in honor of Wilkes and Barre, two dis- 
tinguished friends of the American cause in the 
British Parliament. It is in the beautiful valley 
of Wyoming, on a plain elevated 18 or 20 feet 
above the ordinary level of the Susquehanna r. 
It was burned by the Briiish and Indians during 
llie revolutionary war. There are in the t. ex- 
clusive of the borough, 1 store, cap. $2,000 ; 1 
tannery, 1 distillery, 3 flouring m., 2 saw m. Cap. 
n manufac. $3,950. 1 acad. 15 students, 6 sch. 
230 scholars. Pop. 1,513. 

Wilkesborough, p-v., capital of Wilkes co., 
N. C, 172 vv. N. w. Raleigh, 379 W. Situated 



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on the s. side of Yadkin r., and contains a court, 
house, jail, and 150 inhabitants. 

WiLKESBORouGH, p-v., McLcan CO., III., 74 n. 
E. Springfield, 754 W. 

WiLKESviLLK, p-t., Gallia co., O., 84 s. s. e. 
Columbus, 359 W. Organized in 1810. Drained 
by Racoon cr., which affords water power. It 
has 4 stores, cap. $3,500 ; 1 tannery, 2 grist m., 3 
saw m. Cap. in manulac. ,$4,505. Pop. 738. 

WiLKiNS, p-t., Alleghany co.. Pa., 10 e. Pitts- 
burgh, 195 w. by N. Harrisburg, 221 W. The 
surface is hilly and undulating ; soil, loam and 
alluvion. Plum cr. runs on its n. e., and Thomp- 
son's run on its s. e. boundary. It has 1 sch. 25 
scholars. Pop. 2,163. 

WiLKiNS, p-o.. Union co., O. 

WiLKi.NSBURG, p-v., Wilkins t., Alleghany co.. 
Pa,, 192 w. by n. Harrisburg, 218 W. Situated 
in the forks of Nine Mile run, and contains 3 
stores, and about 60 dwellings. 

WiLKiNso.N, county, Ga. Situated a little s. 
of the centre of the state, and contains 430 sq. 
ms. Drained by Commissioner's and Big Sandy 
creeks, branches of Oconee r. Capital, Irwinton. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 6,881, sheep 
1,859, swine 16,047; wheat 12,767 bush, pro- 
duced, Ind. corn 140,642, oats 5,117, potatoes 
10,823, rice 1,720 pounds, cotton 1,809,612; 12 
stores, cap. $33,775 ; 4 distilleries, 16 grist m., 10 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $27,800. 4 acad. 159 
students, 10 sch. 153 scholars. Pop. whites 4,957, 
slaves 1,866, free col'd 19 ; total, 6,842. 

WiLKiNSO.N, county, Miss. Situated in the s. 
w. corner of the state, and contains 530 sq. ms. 
Mississippi r. bounds it on the w., Homochitto r. 
bounds it on the n. and n. w. Drained by Buf- 
falo cr. The surface is hilly and broken : soil, 
very fertile, producing cotton. Capita], Wood- 
ville. There were in 1810, neat cattle 2,219, 
sheep 9,729, swine 26,528; Ind. corn 473,693 
bush, produced, oats 19,635, potatoes 99,565, rice 
4,555 pounds, cotton 15,250,907 ; 32 stores, cap. 
$174,250; 3 tanneries, 9 grist m., 4 saw m., 1 
printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in 
manufac. $42,800. 6 acad. 264 students, 5 sch. 
87 scholars. Pop. whites 3,269, slaves 10,894, 
free col'd 30; total, 14,193. 

WilkIiVson's Shop, p-o., Chesterfield co., Va., 
39 s. s. w. Richmond, 156 W. 

WiLKiNSONviLLE, p-v., 'Worcester co., Mass., 
39 w. Boston, 404 W. 

WiLKiNSONViLLE, p-v., Chesterfield co., Va., 
32 s. s. vv. Richmond, 149 W. 

WiLKiNsviLLE, p-v., Union dist., S. C, 98 n. 
w. Columbia, 447 W. 

WiLKiNsviLLE, v., Clarke co., Ga. It contains 
an academy, 4 stores, and 25 dwellings. 

Will, county, 111. Situated toward the n. e. 
part of the state, and contains 504 square miles. 
Drained by Kankakee r. and its branches. Des- 
plaines r. bounds it on the n. w. Capital, Juhet. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 9,273, sheep 
2,534, swine 15,690; wheat 110,464 bush, pro- 
duced, Ind. corn 173,383, buckwheat 1,561, bar- 
ley 5,729, oats 271,537, potatoes 112,482, sugar 
8,100 pounds; 41 stores, cap. $142,693; 1 tan- 
nery, 1 distillery, 2 flouring m., 5 grist m., 14 saw 
m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. 
in manufac. $96,284. 3 acad. 68 students, 35 
sch. 1,082 scholars. Pop. 10,167. 

WiLLET, p-t., Cortland co., N. Y., 18 s. e. 
Cortland, 134 w. Albany, 321 W. The surface 
is hdly ; soil, clay loam. Drained by Ostelic r. 
It has 1 store, cap. $6,000 ; 1 grist m., 6 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $3,775. 7 sch. 256 scholars. 
Pop. 872. 

Williams, r., Vt., is formed by the union of 3 



branches in Chester, and flows into Connecticut 
r., in Rockingham, 3 ms. above Bellows Falls. 

Williams, county, O. Situated in the n. w. 
corner of the state, and contains 6')0 sq. ms. Tlie 
soil is very fertile. Watered by Maumee, Tiflin, 
Auglaize, and Little St. .Joseph rivers, some of 
which aflTord water power. It has a mineral 
spring, half a mile e. of Defiance, the odor of 
which can be perceived at the distance of a quar- 
ter of a mile, possesses valuable properties, and 
is much frequented. The Wabash and Erie ca- 
nal passes through its s. E. corner. Capital, De- 
fiance. There were in 1840, neat cattle 3,662, 
sheep 1,062, swine 8,225; wheat 29,263 bush, 
produced, rye 899, Ind. corn 82,403, buckwheat 
1,454, oats 24,805, potatoes 35,156, sugar 27,567 , 
17 stores, cap. $37,350 ; 1 tannery, 3 printing of- 
fices, 3 weekly newspapers, 10 grist m., 13 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $43,850. 24 sch. 570 schol- 
ars. Pop. 4,465. 

Williams, t., Northampton co.. Pa. It has 4 
stores, cap. $5,200 ; 8 fulling m., 1 w'oollen fac, 
1 tannery, 1 grist ra., 3 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $4,700. 1 sch. 65 scholars. Pop. 1,937. 

Williams, p-o.. Christian co., Ky., 215 w. s. 
w. Frankfort, 749 W. 

Williams, t., Benton co.. Mo. Pop. 329. 

WiLLiAMSBOROUGH, p-v., Granville co., N. C, 
48 N. Raleigh, 241 W. it contains 100 inhabit- 
ants. 

Williamsburg, dist., S. C. Situated toward 
the E. part of the slate, and contains 1,200 sq. ms. 
Lynches cr. runs on its n. e. border, and Santee 
r. on the s. e. Drained by Black r. and Cedar 
cr. and their branches. Capital, Kingstree. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 17,632, sheep 
3,183, swine 29,035; wheat 4,460 bush, produced, 
Ind. corn 200,312, oats 5,224, popatoes 60,849, rice 
95,500 pounds, cotton 515,033; 7 stores, cap. 
$.38,.500 ; 9 flouring ra., 9 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $19,983. 4 acad. 70 students, 12 sch. 161 
scholars. Pop. whites 3,327, slaves 6,963, free 
col'd 32 ; total, 10,327. 

Williamsburg, p-t., Piscataquis co., Me., 40 
\. Bangor, 102 n. n. e. Augusta, 699 W. Drained 
by Pleasant r. and its branches, which flov/ into 
Penobscot r. The surface is undulating ; soil, 
fertile. It contains on its w. border an inex- 
haustible quarry of slate for roofing. It has 2 
sch. 60 scholars. Pop. 131. 

Williamsburg, p-t., Hampshire co., Mass., 8 
N. w. Northampton, 100 w. Boston, 383 W. The 
surface is uneven and elevated ; soil, fertile. 
Drained by i^Iill r., which affords water power. 
The V. is situated on both sides of Mill r., and 
contains 3 churches — 2 Congregational and 1 
Methodist — and several manufactories. There 
are in the t. 4 stores, cap. $9,600; 2 fulling m., 2 
woollen fac, 1 furnace, 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 7 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $19,170. 1 acad. 9 
sch. 442 scholars. Fop. 1,309. 

Williamsburg, pt.. Kings co., N. Y., 147 s. 
Albany, 227 W. Situated n. e. of Brooklyn ; 
bounded by East r. on the w. The surface is 
level ; soil, moderately fertile. The v. is situa- 
ted opposite the n. e. part of the city of New 
York, with which it is connected by 3 steam fer- 
ries. Incorporated in 1827, and contains a village 
hall, including a jail, 7 cliurches — 1 Presbyterian, 

1 Dutch Reformed, 1 Ilpiscopal, 2 Methodist, and 

2 Roman Catholic — 1 fire insurance co., 20 stores 
and groceries, 5 distilleries, 1 brewery, 1 tannery, 
1 spice fac, 3 ship yards, 4 lumber yards, 5 rope 
walks, 1 glue fac, 1 iron foundry, and 5,094 in- 
habitants. It is closely allied to New York, 
where many of its inhabitants do business. It 
has many handsome dwellings. There are in 



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the t. 33 stores, cap. $95,000; 4 distilleries, 2 
printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in 
manurac. $343,000. 

WiLLiA.MsnuRG, ph., Huntingdon co.. Pa., 110 
w. Harrisburg, 158 W. Situated on the s. side 
of Juniata r., and contains 5 churches, 8 stores, 
cap. §30,500 ; 1 woollen fac, 2 tanneries, 1 dis- 
tillery, 1 pottery, 1 flouring m., 1 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $22,375. 2 sch. 80 scholars. Pop. 
637. Incorporated in 1828. The Pennsylvania 
canal runs by the v. 

WiLLi.\M,SBURG, p-v., capital of James City co., 
Va., 58 E. s. E. Richmond, 175 W. Situated on 
elevated ground between James and York rivers. 
First settled in 1632, and was formerly the seat 
of the colonial government. It is regularly laid 
out with streets intersecting each other at right 
angles, and contains a court house, jail, and 
county offices on a public .square, 3 churches — 1 
Episcopal, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist — a lnn;Uic 
asylum, 200 dwellings, and about 1,600 inhabit- 
ants. It bears some marks of decay. It is the 
seat of William and Mary college, founded in 
1693, and contains a president and 4 professors 
or oilier instructors, 110 students, and 5,000 vols, 
in its libraries. The commencement is on the 
4th of July. 

WiLLiA.MSBURG, p-v., Iredell co., N. C, 157 
w. Raleigh, 368 W. It contains 40 inhabitants. 

Williamsburg, p-v., capital of Covington co., 
Miss., 82 s. E. Jackson, 1,032 W. Situated be- 
tween head branches of Leaf r., and contains 
about 75 inhabitants. 

WiLLiAMSBi;iiG, p-v.. Mason co., Ky., 89 e. n. 
E. Frankfort, 468 W. Situated a little s. of the 
Ohio r., and contains about 75 inhabitants. 

Williamsburg, p-t., Clermont co., O., 28 e. 
Cincinnati, 105 s. w. Columbus, 472 W. It con- 
tains Williamsburg v., formerly the capital of the 



lars. Pop. whites 15,641, slaves 11,251, free col'd 
114; total, 27,006. 

Williamson, county, 111. Situated in the s. 
part of the state, and contains 432 sq. ms. Drain- 
ed by Muddy cr., which flows into Mississippi r., 
and by Saline cr., flowing into Ohio r. Capital, 
Bainbridge. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
4,736, sheep 3,198, swine 13,902; wheat 11,932 
bush, produced, Ind. corn 172,890, oats 29,370, 
potatoes 3,881, tobacco 115,419 pounds, cotton 
45,423 ; 7 stores, cap. $17,575 ; 2 tanneries, 2 dis- 
tilleries, 7 grist m., 2 saw m., 2 printing offices, 
2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. f 3,075. 
10 sch. 365 scholars. Pop. 4,457. 

Williamson, p-t., Wayne co., N. Y., 200 w. 
by N. Albany, 364 W. The surface is generally 
level ; soil, fertile. Drained by small streams 
flowing into Lake Ontario, which bounds it on 
the N. The v. is situated on the Ridge road, and 
contains 1 church, 2 stores, 25 dwellings, and 
about 150 inhabitants. In the vicinity are 1 flour- 
ing m. and 1 saw m., on Fish cr. There are in 
the t. 4 stores, cap. $27,500 ; 2 tanneries, 1 grist 
m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,170. 11 sch. 
375 scholars. Pop. 2,147. 

Williamsport, p-b., capital of Lycoming co., 
Pa., 160 N. w. Philadelphia, 93 n. Harrisburg, 203 
W. Situated on the n. bank of w. branch of Sus- 
quehanna r., and contains a court house and 
county offices of brick, a jail, 1 German Lutheran, 

1 Episcopal, and 1 Methodist church; 15 stores, 
cap. $54,000; 3 tanneries, 2 printing offices, 2 
weekly newspapers. Can. in manufac. $38,800. 

2 acad. 34 students, 3 sen. 150 scholars. Pop. 
1,353. The Pennsylvania canal passes througii 
the place. The Williamsport and Elmira rail- 
road connects the 2 places. 

Williamsport, p-v., Washington co., Md., 
107 N. w. Annapolis, 80 W. Situated on the e. 



CO., situated on the e. branch of Little Miami r., 14 side of Potomac r., at the mouth of Conecocheague 



ms. from Ohio r., and has several stores, 65 dwell- 
ings, and about 400 inhabitants. The t. has 6 stores. 



1 cr. The Chesapeake and Ohio canal passes 
i through it. The Franklin railroad from Cham- 



cap. $5,600; 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in raanu- : bersburg terminates here. It contains about 500 



fac. $3,500. 3'sch. 85 scholars. Pop. 1,450. 

Williamsburg, p-v., Wayne co., la., 73 e. In- 
dianapolis, 512 W. Situated on a branch of 
Whitewater r., and contains about 100 inhabitants. 

Willia.msburg, p-v., Callaway co., Mo., 37 n. 
N. e. JeflTerson City, 902 W. It contains about 
75 inhabitants. 

Williams Centre, p-v., Williams co., O., 171 
N. w. Columbus, 523 W. 

Williams College Grant, t., Aroostook co., 
Me. Pop. 85. 

Williams Cross Roads, p-o., Sumter co., Ala., 
99 s. vv. Tuscaloosa, 917 W. 

Willia.msfield, p-t., Ashtabula co., O., 20 s. 
E. Jefferson, 200 n. e. Columbus, 316 W. Or- 
ganized in 1826 from Wayne t. It has 6 sch. 263 
scholars. Pop. 892. 

Williams Ferry, p-o., WHiite co.. 111., 189 s. 
E. Springfield, 749 W. 

Williams Mill, p-o., Smith co., Tenn., 65 
e. Nashville, 664 W. 

Williamson, county, Tenn. Situated a little 
E. of the centre of the state, and contains 476 sq. 
ms. Drained by Ilarpeth r. and its branches, a 
tributary of Tennessee r. Capital, Franklin. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 23,417, sheep 
32.123, swine 96,910; wheat 145,062 bush, pro- 
duced, rye 22,071, Ind. corn 942,035, barley 1,225, 
oats 184,896, potatoes 30,320. tobacco 1,126,982 
lbs., cotton 1,218,176; 25 stores, cap. $122,500; 1 
furnace, 2 forges, 1 cotton fac. 1,052 sp., 9 tanner- 
ies, 9 distilleries, 23 grist m., 11 sawni., 1 priming 
office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in manufac. 
$148,156. 4 acad. 143 students, 35 sch. 870 scho- 
92 



inhabitants. 

Williamsport, p-v., Hardy co., Va., 180 n. 
w. Richmond, 142 W. 

Williamsport, p-v., Maury co., Tenn., 45 s. 
s. w. Nashville, 722 W. Situated on the s. side 
of Duck r., and contains about 110 inhabitants. 

Williamsport, p-v.. Duck t^reek t., Picka- 
way CO., O., 35 s. Columbus, 405 W. 

W^iLLiA.MspoRT, v., Madison t., Columbiana 
CO., O. Pop. 84. 

Williamsport, p-v., capital of Warren co., 
la., 78 w. N. w. Indianapolis, 645 W. Situated 
on the w. bank of Wabash r. It has a good 
landing for boats, and contains several stores and 
about 350 inhabitants. It is surrounded by a fer- 
tile country. 

WiLLiA.MS Store, p-o., Hardeman co., Tenn., 
177 w. s. w, Nashville, 862 W. 

Williamston, p-v., Barbour co., Ala., 186 s. 
E. Tuscaloosa, 834 W. Situated 12 ms. w. of the 
Chattahoochee r., and contains about 75 inhabit- 
ants. 

Williamstown, p-t.. Orange co., Vt., 11 s. e. 
i^Iontpelier, 510 W. k occupies the height of 
land between Winooski or Onion and White 
rivers, a brook here dividing, ahd a part of its 
waters flowing to each. The surface is uneven ; 
soil, well adapted to grazing. The Gulf road is 
a deep ravine, through which the turnpike from 
Royalton to Montpelier passes, has lofty hills 
which rise on each side of the road, and consti- 
tutes a remarkable passage through this moun- 
tainous region. Chartered in 1781, first settled 
in 1784. It contains 5 churches — 1 Congrega- 



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730 



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tional, 1 Baptist, 1 Freewill Baptist, 1 Methodist, 
and 1 Universalist. It has 2 stores, cap. $18,400 ; 

1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 6 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $16,385. 17 sch. 562 scholars. 
Pop. 1,620. 

WiLLiAMSTOWN, p-t., Berkshire co., Mass., 20 
N. Pittsfield, 131 w. by n. Boston, 393 W. The 
surface is uneven ; soil, clay, loam, and gravel, 
■well adapted lo grazing. Watered by Hoosic and 
Green rivers, which afford water power. The v. 
is situated on uneven ground, the main street 
passing over several ridges. It contains a Con- 
gregational church, several stores, an academy, 
and about 50 dwellings, some of them neat and 
handsome. It is the seat of Williams College, 
founded in 1793, which has a president and 7 pro- 
fessors or other instructors, 933 alumni, of whom 
331 have been ministers of the gospel, 153 stu- 
dents, and 7,500 vols, in its libraries. The com- 
mencement is on the 3d Wednesday in August. 
The t. contains a Baptist church, and in the s. 
part a church common to Baptists and Congrega- 
tionalists. There are in the t. 7 stores, capital 
$21,000 ; 1 fulling m., 2 cotton fac. 1,788 sp., 2 
tanneries, 2 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$49,700. 1 college 1,300 students, 1 acad. 25 stu- 
dents, 13 sch. 340 scholars. Pop. 2,153. 

WiLLiAMSTOWN, p-t., Oswego CO., N. Y., 28 e. 
Oswego, 139 w. n. w. Albany, 388 W. The 
surface is level ; soil, moist sandy loam, well 
adapted to grass. Drained by a branch of Fish 
or. and by Salmon cr. The v. contains 1 church, 

2 stores, and in the vicinity, 1 flouring m. and 1 
saw m., on Fish cr. There are in the t. 5 stores, 
cap. $16,925 ; 1 fulling m., 8 sch. 233 scholars. 
Pop. 842. 

WiLLiAMSTOWN, p-v., Lancaster co., Pa., 49 
E. s. E. Harrisburg, 119 W. 

WiLLiAMSTOWN, p-v., Capital of Martin co., N. 
C, 140 E. Raleigh, 264 W. Situated on the w. 
side of Roanoke r., and contains a court house, 
jail, and about 250 inhabitants. 

WiLLiAMSTOWN, p-v.. Capital of Grant co., Ky., 
49 N. N. E. Frankfort, 529 W. Situated on the e. 
side of Eagle cr., a branch of Kentucky r., and 
contains a court house, jail, and a number of 
dwellings. 

WiLLiAMSTOWN, t., Hancock co., O. Pop. 28. 

WiLLiAMSTOWN, p-v., Decatur co., la., 55 s. 
E. Indianapolis, 553 W. 

WiLLiAMsviLLE, p-v., Windham co., Vt., 119 
s. Montpelier, 438 W. 

WiLLiAMSViLLE, p-v., Amherst t., Erie co., 
N. Y., 278 w. Albany, 391 W. Situated on El- 
licott's cr., and contains 2 churches, 8 stores, 2 
flouring m., 2 saw m., 1 tannery, 1 clothier's 
•works, 1 furnace, 1 water-lime m. : 40 or 50,000 
bushelsof water lime are produced in the vicinity. 

WiLLLiAMSviLLE, p-o., McKcan CO., Fa., 181 
N. w. Harrisburg, 273 W. 

WiLLiAMSviLLE, p-v., Kent CO., Del., 22 s. s. 
w. Dover, 126 W. 

WiLLiAMSviLLE, po., Bath CO., Va. 

WiLLiAMsviLLE, p-0., Delaware co., O., 15 n. 
Columbus, 408 W. 

WILLIAMSVILLE, p-v., Person CO., N.C., 61 n. 
N. w. Raleigh, 257 W. 

WiLLiMANSET, D-v., Springfield t., Hampden 
CO., 3Iass., 94 w. Boston, 371 VV. Situated on 
the E. side of Connecticut r. 

WiLLiMANTic, r., Tolland co., Ct., rises in 
Stafford, and flowing s. unites with Natchaug r. 
to form Shetucket r. 

WiLLiMANTic, p-v., Windham t., Windham 
CO., Ct., 28 E. Hartford, 364 W. Situated on the 
N. side of Willimantic r. It is built on 1 street, 
1 mile long, and contains 3 churches — 1 Congre- 



gational, 1 Baptist, and 1 Methodist — 6 cotton 
liic., a satinet fac, and a paper m. 

WiLLiNBOROUGH, t., Burlingtou co., N. J., 7 
N. w. Mount Holly. The surfiace is generally 
level ; soil, sandy loam, and well cultivated. 
Delaware r. bounds it on the n. w., over which 
is Dunks' ferry, 4 miles below Burlington. It 
contains (^ooperstown v. It has 4 stores, cap. 
$11,400; 1 lumber yard, cap. $3,000. Cap. in 
manufac. $3,100. 2 sch. 73 scholars. Pop. 
900. 

WiLLiNGTON, t., Piscataquis co., Me. It has 2 
grist m., 2 saw m., 9 sch. 353 scholars. Pop. 
722. 

WiLLiNGTON, p-t., Tolland co., Ct., 28 w. 
Hartford, 264 W. Willimantic r. bounds it on 
the w., by branches of which it is drained, and 
which afford water power. The surface is un- 
even and rough. Iron ore is found. The v. 
contains 1 Congregational and 1 Baptist church. 
There are in the t. 3 stores, cap. $9,500 -, 1 tan- 
nery, 2 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$18,067. 10 schools, 437 scholars. Population 
1,268. 

WiLLiNGTON, p-v., Abbeville dist., S. C, 100 
w. Columbia, 448 W. It contains about 50 in- 
habitants. 

WiLLiNK, p-c, Aurora t, Erie co., N. Y., 278 
W.Albany, 363 W. 

WiLLisTON, p-t., Chittenden co., Vt., 32 n. n. 
w. Montpelier, 518 W. The surface is moderate- 
ly uneven ; soil, a fertile loam.. Onion or Wi- 
nooski river runs on its n. boundary. Drained 
by small streams. Chartered in 1763. First 
settled in 1774. Thomas Chittenden, one of the 
fathers, and for many years the governor of Vt., 
died here in 1797. The v. contains a handsome 
Congregational church, of brick, a town house, 
an academy, and a number of dwellings. It is 
a fine agricultural t. There are in the t. 4 
stores, cap. $17,000 ; 2 tanneries, 6 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $10,550. 10 sch. 359 scholars. Pop. 
1,554. 

WiLLiSTON, p-v., Barnwell dist., S. C, 98 s. 
s. w. Columbia, 603 W. 

WiLLisTON, p-v., Callaway co., Ky., 265 w. s 
w. Frankfort, 792 W. 

WiLLisTOWN, t., Chester co.. Pa., 20 n. w. 
Philadelphia. The surface is a gentle declivity ; 
soil, gravelly. Drained by Ridley and Crum 
creeks. It has 3 stores, cap. $15,000; 2 lumber 
yards, cap. $3,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 flouring m., 1 
grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manufiac. $7,500. 5 
sch. 206 scholars. Pop. 1,460. 

WiLLOUGHBY, p-t.. Lake co., O., 164 n. n. e. 
Columbus, 353 W. It was formerly called 
Chagrin. The soil is fertile and well cultivated. 
The V. contains 2 churches, 9 stores, 1 flouring 
m., 2 tanneries, various mechanics, and the Wii- 
loughby University. The medical department 
only has been put in operation, and is flourish- 
ing. It was founded in 1834, and has five profes- 
sors and "27 students. The lectures commence 
on the last Monday of October, annually. It has 
1 college, 40 students, 13 sch. 800 scholars. 
Pop. 1,943. 

Willow Fork, t., Morgan co.. Mo. It has 1 
acad. 30 students, 1 sch. 22 scholars. Pop. 1,146. 

Willow Grove, p-o., Sussex co., N. J., 21 n. 
Trenton, 260 W. 

Willow Grove, p-o., Kent co., Del. 

Willow Grove, p-v., Moreland t., Montgo- 
mery CO., Pa., 13 N. Philadelphia, 111 e. Harris- 
burg, 151 W. Situated in a pleasant valley, and 
contains 3 stores, 15 dvi'ellings, chiefly of stone, 
and is much resorted to from Philadelphia as a 
summer residence. 



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Willow Grove, p-c, Lincoln co., N. C, 170 
W. by s. Raleigh, 409 W. 

Willow Grove, p-o., Sumpter dist., S. C, 85 
E. Columbia, 477 W. 

Willow Grove, p-c, Coweta co., Ga. 

Willow Grove, p-o., Livingston co., Ky., 
247 w. s. w. Frankfort, 774 W. 

Willow Grove, p-c, Sumner co., Tenn., 39 
N. E. Nashville, 678 W. 

Willow Springs, p-o., Claiborne cc, Miss., 
10 e. Grand Gulf, 53 s. w. Jackson, 1,063 W. 

Willow Springs, p-o., Iowa co., Wis., 62 vv. 
s. w. Madison, 874 W. Situated a little E. of 
the vv. branch of Peckatonokee r. 

Willow Street, p-o., Lancaster co., Pa., 42 
E. s. E. Harrisburg, 107 W. 

Willsborough, p-t., Esse.\ co., N. Y., 15 n. 
E. Elizabeth, 145 n. Albany, 516 W. The sur- 
face is chiefly level on the E., hilly on the w ; 
soil, fertile clay loam. Drained by Boquet r., 
and other streams flowing into Lake Chaniplain, 
which bounds it on the e. The v. is situated on 
Boquet r., and contains 1 Presbyterian church, 
3 stores, 1 grist m., 1 forge, 1 cupola furnace, 1 
saw m., 1 plaster m., 1 tannery, 60 dwellings, and 
about 4.50 inhabitants. There are in the t. 4 
stores, cap. .$7,200; 1 fulling m., 1 furnace, 4 
forges, 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in 
manuf ,$18,650. 11 sch. 424 scholars. Pop. 1,653. 

Wills, t., Guernsey co., O. It contains the v. 
of Elizabethtown. It has 1 college, 3 sch. 125 
scholars. Pop. 1,916. 

Wills' Creek, p-o., Co.shocton co., O., 74 n. 
E Columbus, 317 W. The creek from which it 
is named enters Tuscarawas r., 40 miles above 
Marietta. 

WiLLSEVviLLE, p-o.. Candor t., Tioga co., N. 
Y., 176 w. s. w. Albany, 290 W. 

WiLLSniRE, p-t.. Van Wert co., O., 133 w. n. 
w. Columbus, 513 W. The soil is fertile. Wa- 
tered by St. iMary's r. It has 2 stores, cap. 
$2,400 ; 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$12,100. Pop. 434. 

WiLMURT, t., Herkimer co., N. Y., 35 n. Her- 
kimer, 100 N. N. w. Albany. It is the largest t. in 
the state, being 40 miles long and 15 wide. It 
abounds with lakes and streams, and is mostly a 
wilderness. Pop. 60. 

Wilmington, p-t., Windham co., Vt., 17 e. 
Bennington, 124 s. by w. Montpelier, 429 W. 
The soil is fertile, adapted to grazing and to grain. 
The E. and w. branches of Deerfield r. unite 
here, and afford water power. The outlet of 
Ray's pond affords a mill seat. Chartered in 
1763. It contains a Congregational and a Bap- 
tist church, and some Methodists and Univcrsal- 
ists. It has 4 stores, cap. $14,500; 1 fulling m., 

1 tannery, 2 grist m.,8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$7,400. 13 sch 426 scholars. Pop. 1, 296. 

Wilmingto.\, p-t., Middlesex co., 31ass., 16 n. 
N. w. Boston, 454 W. The surface is level ; soil, 
light and sandy. Drained by branches of Pea- 
body's r., which flows into Ipswich river. The 
Boston and Lowell railroad and the Middlesex 
canal pass through it. Hops are largely pro- 
duced and exported. Chartered in 1730. It has 

2 stores, cap. $3,300 ; 2 forges, 1 grist ra., 5 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $20,425. 4 sch. 40 schol- 
ars. Pop. 859. 

Wilmi.vgton, p-t., Essex co., N. Y., 153 n. Al- 
bany, 528 W. The surface is mountainous ; 
soil, fertile in the valleys. Drained by the w. 
branch of Ausable r., and Saranac river passes 
through its n. w. corner. It contains inexhausti- 
ble beds of excellent iron ore. The v. contains 1 
church, 2 stores, 1 forge, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., and 
about 20 dwellings. There are in the t. 1 store, 



cap. ,$3,000 ; 9 forges, 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $7,800. 5 sch. 215 scholars. Pop 928. 

Wilmington, city, and port of entry, and 
semi-capital of New Castle co., Delaware. Situ- 
ated between Brandywine and Christiana 
creeks, one mile above their junction. 2 w. Dela- 
ware r., 47 N. Dover, 28 s. w. Philadelphia, 70 n. 
E. Baltimore, 110 W.— 39<^ 41' n. lat., and 75° 
28' w. Ion. Pop. 1830, 6,628; 1840, 8,367. It is 
regularly laid out, with wide streets crossing each 
other at right angles, and built on ground gradu- 
ally rising to the height of 112 feet above tide- 
water, and the situation is healthy and pleasant. 
The houses are well built, generally of brick, 
and some of them are elegant. The city con- 
tains a city hall, 2 market houses, 3 banks, an 
almsliouse, an arsenal, a Friends boarding school 
for young ladies, a public lilirary, and 16 places 
of worship — 3 Episcopal, 3 Presbyterian, 3 Me- 
thodist, 2 Friends, 1 Baptist, 1 Roman Catholic, 
and some others. Christiana cr. is navigable for 
vessels requiring 14 feet of water to the city. 
On Brandywine creek arc some of the finest 
flouring mills in the United Stales, to which 
vessels drawing 8 feet of water can come. Wil- 
mington has considerable commerce. It is ex- 
tensively engaged in the whale fishery. The 
tonnage in 1840, was 16,110. It has a daily 
communication with Philadelphia and Baltimore, 
bv railroad. There were in 1840, 95 stores, cap. 
.$344,850 ; 3 lumber yards, cap. $60,000 ; fish- 
eries, cap. $170,000; value of machinery pro- 
duced, $258,500; 1 cotton fac. 1,140 sp., 2 tan- 
neries, 3 breweries, 2 potteries, 1 ropewalk, 6 
flouring m., 1 grist m., 3 printing offices, 2 binde- 
ries, 3 weekly, 3 semi-weokly newspapers, 1 
periodical. Cap. in manufac. ,$159,900. 9acad. 
437 students, 14 sch. 991 scholars. 

Wilmington, p-o., Fluvanna co., Va., 53 w. 
N. w. Richmond, 132 W. Situated on Rivanna 
r., 14 miles above its mouth, and contains 2 
stores and a few dwellings. 

Wilmington, p-v., port of entry, and capital 
of New Hanover co., N. C, 90 s. e. Fayetteville, 
148 s. .?. E. Raleigh, 365 W. Situated" on the e. 
side of Cape Fear r, just below the confluence 
of the n. e. and n. w. branches, about 35 miles 
from the sea. It contains a court house, jail, an 
academy, 2 banks, 1 Presbyterian and one Epis- 
copal church, and 4,744 inhabitants, being the 
most popidous town in the state. It is well situ- 
ated for trade, but the situation is accounted un- 
healthy. The harbor admits vessels of 300 tons, 
but the entrance has a dangerous shoal. Oppo- 
site the town arc 2 islands, diviiling the river 
into 3 channels. They afford ilie finest rice 
fields in the state. In 1819, 200 buildings were 
destroyed by fire, at a loss of $1,000,000. Ton- 
nage 1840, 18,232. 

Wilmingto.v, p-v., capital of Clmton co., O., 
72 s. w. Columbus, 445 W. Situated on Todd's 
fork, a branch of Little Miami r. It contains a 
brick court house, a jail, 4 churches — 1 Presby- 
terian, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, and 1 Friends — 125 
dwellings, and about 750 inhabitants. It was laid 
out in 1810. 

WiLMiNGTO.N, p-v., McCfacken cc, Ky. 

WiLMiNGTo.N, p-v., Dcarbom co., la., 84 s. E. 
Indianapolis, 520 W. It contains about 200 in- 
habitants. 

Wilmington, p-v.. Will co., 111., 152 n. e. 
Springfield, 726 W. 

Wilmington, island, Ga. Situated in the Sa- 
vannah r., between the n. and s. channels, 8 ms. 
s. e. Savannah. It is 6 miles long and 4 broad, 
and contains 1 church, and 630 inhabitants. 

WiLMORE, p-v Cambria co., Pa. 



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WiLMOT, p-t., Merrimac co., N. H., 27 n. w. 
Concord, 302 W. The surface is uneven and 
rough ; soil, adapted to grazing. Its streams are 
small, and flow into Blackwater river, but afford 
some water power. It has 1 store, cap. $2,000 ; 
1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 saw m. Cap. in mariu- 
fac. $9,580. 9 sch. 350 scholars. Pop. 1,212. 

WiLNA, p-t., Jefferson co., N. Y., 157 n. w. 
Albany, 446 W. The surface is generally level ; 
soil, sandy and clay loam, and moderately fertile. 
Drained by Indian and Black rs. It contains the 
V. of Carthage, at the head of the long falls on 
Black r., above which the r. is navigable for 40 
miles, to the high falls, for steamboats. It lias 6 
stores, cap. $25,600 ; 2 commission houses, cap. 
$5,000 ; 2 fulling m., 1 furnace, 1 forge, 1 tannery, 
1 grist m., 6 saw m. ('ap. in manufac. $17,000. 
20 sch. 810 scholars. Pop. 2,591. 

WiLNA, p-v., Houston CO., Ga., 60 s. w. Mil- 
ledgeville, 708 W. Situated about 6 ms. e. by 
N. of Perry the capital, and 10 ms. from Ocmul- 
gee river. 

Wilson, county, Tenn. Situated a little n. 
of the centre of the state, and contains 430 square 
ms. Cumberland r. bounds it on the n., by small 
tributaries of which, and of Stone r., it is drained. 
Capital, Lebanon. There were in 1840, neat cat- 
tle 20,10'J, sheep 19,309, .swine 48,115; wheat 
106,413 bush, produced, rye 13,554, Indian corn 
2,601,652, oats 164,334, potatoes 153,990, tobacco 
2,313,000 pounds, cotton 295,373; 19 stores, cap. 
$78,600 ; 6 woollen fac, 2 cotton fac. 1,556 sp., 
81 tanneries, 23 distilleries, 94 grist m., 47 saw 
m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. 
in manufac. $179,950. 36 sch. 837 scholars. Pop. 
whites 18,203, slaves 5,988, free coi'd 269 ; total, 
24,460. 

Wilson, p-t., Piscataquis co., Me. Drained 
by a branch of Piscataquis r., which flows through 
Sebec pond in its course. It has 1 grist m., 1 
saw m. Capital in manufac. $1,500. 2 sch. 29 
scholars. Pop. 70. 

Wilson, p-t., Niagara co., N. Y., 10 n. w. 
Lockport, 290 w. by n. Albany, 420 W. The 
surface is generally level ; soil, sandy and grav- 
elly loam, with some clay. Drained by How- 
ell's and Tuscarora creeks, flowing into Lake 
Ontario, which bounds it on the n. It has 1 
store, cap. $5,000 ; 1 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $6,200. 12 sch. 476 scholars. Pop. 
1,753. 

Wilson, t., Audrain co., Mo. It has 1 sch. 15 
scholars. Pop. 334. 

Wilson's, p-o., Anderson co., Tenn., 181 e. 
Nashville, 508 W. 

Wilson's, p-o., Ohio co., Ky., 156 w. s. w. 
Frankfort, 698 W. 

Wilson's Creek, p-o., Abbeville dist., S. C, 
112 w. Columbia, 544 W. 

Wilson's Creek, p-o., Graves co., Ky., 287 
w. s. w. Frankfort, 814 W. 

Wilson's Cross Roads, p-o., Luzerne co., Pa. 

Wilsonville, p-o., Adams co., Pa., 45 s. w. 
Harrisburg, 85 W. 

Wilsonville, p-v., Bath co.,Va., 198 w. n. w. 
Richmond, 178 W. 

WiLSONv iLLE, p-v., Lincoln co., N. C, 185 w. 
s. w. Raleigh, 422 W. 

Wilsonville, p-v., Shelby co., Ala., 82 e. 
Tuscaloosa, 772 W. Situated 8 ms. n. e. of Co- 
lumbiana, the capital of the county. 

Wilsonville, p-v., Spencer co., Ky., 35 w. 
s. w. Frankfort, 577 W. It contains about 50 in- 
habitants. 

Wilton, p-t., Franklin co., Mo., 38 w. n. w. 
Augusta, 275 W. The surface is pleasantly di- 
versified ; soil, fertile, adapted to grain. Drained 



by branches of Sandy r. issuing from 2 ponds. 
Incorporated in 1837. It has 7 stores, capital 
$16,200; 3 fidling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 furnace, 
3 tanneries, 3 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $39,725. 14 sch. 725 scholars. Pop. 2,198. 

Wilton, p-t., Hillsboro' co., N. H., 40 s. by w. 
Concord, 454 W. The suri'ace is rocky and 
rough ; soil, fertile. Drained by Souhegan river 
and its branches. Clay and fine building stone 
are found. Incorporateil in 1762. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $2,100 ; 2 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 5 grist m., 
5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $6,750. 9 sch. 269 
scholars. Pop. 1,033. 

Wilton, p-t., Fairfield co., Ct., 74 s. w. Hart- 
ford, 275 W. The surface is uneven ; soil, a pro- 
ductive gravelly loam. Drained by Norwalk r., 
which affords water power. Incorporated in 
1802. The v. contains 1 Congregational and 1 
Episcopal church, and an academy. There are 
in the t. 7 stores, cap. $10,000; 2 grist m., 2 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $9,600. 2 acad. 63 students, 
11 sch. 631 scholars. Pop. 2,053. 

Wilton, p-t., Saratoga co., N. Y., 12 n. Ball- 
ston Spa, 43 n. Albany, 413 W. The surface is 
hilly on the w., more level on the e. ; soil, sand, 
and sandy loam. Drained by a tributary of Hud- 
son r. It has 2 stores, cap. $7,000 ; I fulling m., 

2 tanneries, 1 grist m., 6 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $4,900. 7 sch. 289 scholars. Pop. 1,433. 

Wilton, p-v., Granville co., N. C, 3t n. Ra- 
leigh, 270 W. 

Winciiendon, p-t., Worcester co., Mass., 30 n. 
by w. Worcester, 60 w. N. w. Boston, 419 W. 
The surliice is moderately uneven and rocky ; 
soil, fertile. Drained by branches of Miller's r., 
which afford water power. There is a mineral 
spring in its n. part, containing iron and sulphur, 
where is a small v. containing a Methodist church. 
The V. at the centre contains a Congregational 
church, and there is a Baptist church in the w. 
part. Incorporated in 1764. There are in the t. 

3 stores, cap. $15,000 ; 1 cotton fac. 3,500 sp., 1 
tannery, 1 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$110,550. 13 sch. 345 scholars. Pop. 1,754. 

Winchester, p t., Cheshire co., N. H., 64 s. 
w. Concord, 118 W. The surface is level in tho 
s. E., elsewhere uneven ; soil, fertile. Drained 
by Ashuelot river and its branches, which afford 
water power. The v. at the centre, on Ashuelot 
river, contains 3 churches, and some mills and 
manufactories. There is a manufacturing v. in 
the w. part. Incorporated in 1753. It has 6 
stores, cap. $19,000 ; 3 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 
1 cotton iac 400 sp., 1 furnace, 2 tanneries, 4 grist 
m., 15 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. in manufac $94,333. 
14 sch. 570 scholars. Pop. 2,065. 

Winchester, p-t,, Litchfield co., Ct., 26 n. w. 
Hartford, 350 W. The surface is hilly and moun- 
tainous ; soil, gravelly loam, adapted to grazing. 
Watered by Mad r., a branch of P'armington r. 
It contains 4 churches — 2 Congregational, 1 Meth- 
odist, and 1 Universalist. The 2 latter are in the 
V. of Clifton, which contains 4 stores, and about 
70 dwellings. A pond near the v., 3-i ms. long, 
and three fourths of a m. wide, by its outlet into 
IMad r., affords excellent water power. The v. 
contains extensive iron works, supplied by ore 
from Salisbury. Whitingville v., E. of this, con- 
tains a Congregational church, and several manu- 
facturing establishments. There are in the t. 8 
stores, cap. $20,900 ; 3 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 
1 furnace, 9 forges, 3 tanneries, 1 grist m., 5 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $138,700. 1 acad. 100 stu- 
dents, 13 sch. 420 scholars. Pop. 1,667. 

Winchester, p-v., capital of Frederick co., 
Va., 146 N. N. w. Richmond, 74 W. Situated on 
Abraham's branch of Opequan or., a branch of 



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the Potomac r. Founded in 1752. The streets 
cross each other at right angles, and are generally 
paved, and the houses are mostly of brick or 
stone. It contains a court house, jail, market 
hou.se, masonic hall, a lyceum, 13 churches — 3 
Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, 3 Baptist, 2 Methodist, 
2 Lutheran, 1 German Reformed, 1 Friends, and 
1 Roman Catholic — an academy, 2 banks, besides 
1 for savings, numerous stores, 2 furnaces, 2 
breweries, 3 carriage fac, 7 flouring m., 1 carpet 
fac, 1 cotton fac, and 3,454 mhabitants. The v. 
is supplied by water from a spring, half a m. dis- 
tant, through cast iron pipes. A railroad extends 
to Harper's Ferry, where it unites with the Balti- 
more railroad. Its trade is extensive, and its ad- 
vantages are great. It is memorable for important 
events in the French war, and for the succors 
which it afforded to " that heroic youth. Colonel 
Washington." 

Winchester, t., Adams co., O. Drained by 
a branch of Brush cr. Until recently, it was a 
part of Scott t. It is situated in the n. w. comer 
of the CO. It has 18 stores, cap. $39,720 ; 2 tan- 
neries, 1 printing office, 1 grist ra., I oil m. Cap. 
in manufac. $4,623. Pop. 1,121. 

Winchester, p-v., Madison t., Guernsey co., 
O., 87 E. Columbus, 311 W. It contains about 
50 inhabitants. 

Winchester, p-v., capital of Clarke co., Ky., 
44 E. s. E. Frankfort, 545 W. It contains a court 
house, jail, 2 churches, and 1,047 inhabitants. 

Winchester, p-v., capital of Franklin co., 
Tenn., 94 s. s. e. Nashville, 664 W. Situated on 
a small branch of Elk r., and contains a court 
house, jail, a church, and about 700 inhabitants. 

Winchester, p-v., capital of Randolph co., 
la., 81 e. n. e. Indianapolis, 506 W. It contains 
a court house, jail, 4 stores, and about 250 in- 
habitants. 

Winchester, pv., capital of Scott co.. 111., 15 
s. w. Jacksonville, 50 w. s. w. Springfield, 830 
W. It has 11 stores, cap. $15,800; 2 tanneries, 
1 pottery, 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $16,600. 1 acad. 60 students, 2 sell. 
69 scholars. Pop. 720. 

Winchester, p-v.. Van Buren co., Iowa. 

WiNCHE.^TER, p-v., Capital of Wayne co., 
Miss., 151 E. s. E. .lackson, 982 W. Situated on 
the E. side of Chickasavvha r., and contains about 
50 inhabitants. 

Winchester, p-v., Clarke co., Mo., 165 n. by 
E. Jefferson City, 916 W. It contains about 75 
inhabitants. 

Winchester Centre, p-v., Winchester t., 
Litchfield CO., Ct., 31 N. w. Hartford, 355 W. It 
contains a Congregational church, and a number 
of dwellings. 

Winchester Springs, p-o., Franklin co., 
Tenn., 90 s. s. e. Nashville, 670 W. 

Windfall, p-o., Onondaga co., N. Y., 144 w. 
Albany, 316 W. 

Wind Gap, p-o., Northumberland co., Pa., 110 
N. Harrisburg, 203 W. The Wind Gap is an 
opening in the Blue mt., extending nearly from 
the bottom to the top, the sides of which are 
very abrupt. No stream passes through it. It 
IS 15 ms. from the celebrated Water Gap, through 
which Delaware r. flows. Some have supposed 
that it once passed through this passage. The 
road from Easton to Wilkesbarre passes through it. 

Windham, county, Vt. Situated in the s. e. 
part of the state, and contains 780 sq. ms. 
Connecticut r. bounds it on the E. The surface 
is hilly, and in the w. part mountainous ; sisil, 
various; on Connecticut r. are fertile alluvial 
meadows, in its more uneven parts, well adapted 
to grazing. Drained by Williams, West, and 



Saxton rivers and their branches, which aflbrd 
extensive water power. Capital, Fayetteville v. 
in Newfane t. There were in 1810, neat cattle 
42,661, sheep 114,336, swine 29,435; wheat 
23,796 bush, produced, rye 33,502, Ind. com 
139,923, buckwheat 13,3-i7, barley 8,129, oats 
178,761, potatoes 743,366, silk cocoons 513 
pounds, sugar 423,400 ; 80 stores, cap. $330,585 ; 
2 furnaces, 19 fulling m., 8 woollen fac, 1 cotton 
fac. 60 sp., 29 tanneries, 49 grist m., 134 saw m., 
1 oil m., 7 paper fac, 4 printing offices, 1 periodi- 
cal, 3 weekly newspajjcrs. Cap. in manufac. 
$567,800. 4 acad. 501 students, 248 sch. 9,138 
scholars. Pop. 27,442. 

WiNDHAiM, county, Ct. Situated in the n. e. 
part of the state, anil contains 020 sq. ms. The 
surface is uneven, and some of it stony and 
rough ; soil, generally adapted to grazing, with 
fertile alluvial meadows on the streams. Drain- 
ed by Quinnebaug and Shetucket rivers and 
their branches, which afford extensive water 
power. The Norwich and Worcester railroad 
passes through it from s. to n. It has extensive 
manufactories, particularly in its n. e. part. Or- 
ganized in 1720. Capital, Brooklyn. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 23,597, sheep 39,504, 
swine 12.562 ; wheat 8,999 bush, produced, 
rye 48,278, Ind. corn 173,003, buckwheat 30,653, 
barley 5,904, oats 179,027, potatoes 497,991, silk 
cocoons 3,001 pounds, sugar 2,549; 115 stores, 
cap. $309,750 ; 1 furnace, 8 fulling m., 15 woollen 
fac, 54 cotton fac. 105,016 sp., 19 tanneries, 1 
distillery, 57 grist m., 109 saw m., 50 oil m., 3 
paper fac. Cap. in manufac $2,223,387. 8 acad. 
317 students, 166 sch. 7,749 scholars. Pop. 
28,080. 

Windham, p-t., Cumberland co.. Me., 14 n. n 
w. Portland, 56 s. s. e. Augusta, 553 W. Pre- 
sumpscot r. bounds it on the s. w., by branches 
of which it is watered, and which afford water 
power. Incorporated in 1762. A pond in its N., 
w. part flows into Presumpscot r., and Sebago 
pond lies on its n. w. border. It has 5 stores, 
cap. $2,250 ; 1 tannery, 18 sch. 620 scholars. Pop. 
2,303. 

Windham, p-t., Rockingham co., N. H., 40 s. 
E. Concord, 457 W. Beaver r. bounds it on the 
vv. Policy pond lies on its e. border, and Cabot 
pond near the centre. Incorporated in 1739. 
It contains a Presbyterian church. It has 2 
stores, cap. $5,500 ; 3 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 
1 tannery, 2 grist m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $32,800. 7 sch. 298 scholars. Pop. 926. 

Windham, p-t.. Windham co., Vt., 104 s. Mont- 
pelier, 452 W. The surface is elevated, and on 
the w. mountainous ; soil, strong and well adapt- 
ed to grazing. Drained by branches of \\'il- 
liains, VVest, and Saxlons rivers, which afford 
water power. It contains 2 Congregational and 
1 Baptist church, and some 3Irtliodi,>ts and L'ni- 
versalists. Crystals of aciinolite are found 
imbedded in talc. It has 2 stores, cap. $8,000; 
1 tannery, 1 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $4,100. 9 sch. 275 scholars. Pop. 757. 

WiNDHA.M, p-t., Windham co., Ct., 31 e. Hart- 
ford, 3.58 W. It was formerly the capital of the 
CO. Chartered in 1692, first settled in 1686. Wa- 
tered by Shetucket r. and its branches, wiiich 
aflbrd good water power. It contains the flour- 
ishing manufacturing v. of Willimaniic ia its n. 
w. part, and the parish of Scotland in its e. part, 
where is a v. containing a Congregational church. 
The principal v., near the centre, contains 1 
Congregational and 1 Episcopal church, a bank, 
an academy, 6 stores, and about GO dwelhngs. 
It has not increased since the American revolu- 
tion. The county seat was removed to Brook- 



WIN 



734 



WIN 



lyn in 1820. There are in the t. 11 stores, cap. 
$48,000 ; 2 fuUing m., 3 woollen fac, 5 cotton 
fac. 11,950 sp., 1 tannery, 2 paper fac, 3 grist m., 
7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $361,350. 18 sch. 
928 scholars. Pop. 3,3S2. 

WiNDH.\M, p-t., Greene co., N. Y., 18 w. Cats- 
kill, 45 s. w. Albany, 363 W. The .surface is 
hilly and mountainous ; soil, fertile in the valleys. 
Watered by Bataviakill cr. It has 16 stores, 
cap. $16,600; 5 tanneries, 3 grist m., 17 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $50,100. 10 sch. 203 scholars. 
Pop. 2,417. 

Windham, p-t., Bradford co.. Pa., 162 n. by e. 
Harrisburg, 272 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, 
gravel. Drained by Wepassening cr., which 
flows into Susquehanna r. It has 3 grist m., 9 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $8,110. 4 sch. 150 
scholars. Pop. 879. 

Windham, t. Luzerne co.. Pa., 25 n. w. 
Wilkesbarre. The surface is mountainous ; soil, 
generally fertile. Drained by Big and Little 
JVIahoopeny creeks. It has 2 stores, cap. $7,200 ; 
1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 2 flouring m., 1 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $13,100. 9 sch. 304 scholars. 
Pop. 1,647. 

Windham, p-t.. Portage co., O., 159 n. e. Co- 
lumbus, 315 W. The surface is undulating ; soil, 
fertile. Its name was changed from Sharon in 
1820. It is a flourishing agricultural t. It has 1 
acad. 76 students, 8 sch. 217 scholars. Pop. 
907. 

Windham Centre, p-v., Windham t., Greene 
CO., N. Y., 49 s. w. Albany, 360 W. It contains 
1 church, 3 stores, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 2 tan- 
neries, and about 40 dwellings. The v. at the 
centre contains a Congregational church, a 
flourishing academy, and a small agricultural set- 
tlement. The t. is inhabited by substantial farm- 
ers. 

Windham Mill, p-o., Montgomery co., N. C, 
134 w. s. w. Raleigii, 395 W. 

Windsor, county, Vt. Situated toward the 
s. E. part of the state, and contains 900 sq. ms.'i 
Watered by Queechee and Black rivers, an3 
branches of West and Williams' rivers. Bound- 
ed on the E. by Connecticut r., into which all of 
its streams flow. The surface is uneven ; soil, 
generally fertile. Steatite or soapstone is found 
in Plymouth, Broadwater and Bethel, and e,x- 
tensively wrought. Limestone is found. Capi- 
tal, Woodstock. There were in 1840, neat cat- 
tle 51,863, sheep 234,826, swine 22,834; wheat 
56,659 bush, produced, rye 46,126, Ind. corn 
168,897, buckwheat 49,380, barley 5,164, oats 
301,026, potatoes 1,072,753, silk cocoons 1,146 
pounds, hops 2, 100, sugar 462,444 ; 100 stores, 
cap. $472,400 ; 4 furnaces, 57 fulling m., 27 
woollen fac, 1 cotton fac. 650 sp., 45 tanneries, 
1 rope fac, 46 grist m., 154 saw m., 1 oil m., 2 
paper fac, 4 printing offices, 2 binderies, 2 peri- 
odicals, 5 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $882,620. 1 college, 70 students, 7 acad. 
558 students, 357 sch. 13,054 scholars. Pop. 
40,356. 

Windsor, p-t., Kennebec co., 3Ie., 10 e. Au- 
gusta, 605 W. Drained by Sheepscot r., and by 
several ponds which flow into it. The surface 
is diver.sified ; soil, generally fertile, adapted to 
grain. Chartered in 1809, by the name of Malta. 
It has 2 stores, cap. $2,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tan- 
nery, 1 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac 
$9,350. 15 sch. 758 scholars. Pop. 1,789. 

Windsor, t., Hillsboro' co., N. H. Formerly 
called Campbell's Gore. Incorporated in 1798. 
Drained by branches of Contoocook r., one of 
which issues from a considerable pond near the 
centre of the t. The soil is fertile, adapted to 



grazing, and some of it to grain. It has 1 grist 
m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,000. 4 sch. 
63 scholars. Pop. 177. 

Windsor, p-t., capital of Windsor co., Vt., 65 
Montpelier, 471 W. The surface is uneven ; 
soil, fertile. Connecticut r. bounds it on the e. 
Drained by Mill r., which affords water power. 
The V. is situated on the w. side of Connecticut 
r. Between the v. and the r. is a beautiful mea- 
dow, one fourth of a m. wide. It has Mill r. on 
the s., and Pulk-hole brook on the n. and n. w., 
both of which enter Connecticut r. These 
streams form a narrow isthmus on the w. side of 
the v. The surface is uneven, and the main 
street is serpentine in its course. It contains 3 
churches, a court house for U. States courts, a 
seminary foryounggentlemen and ladies, a bank, 
a state's prison, 9 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw ni., a 
printing office, issuing a weekly newspaper, and 
many elegant houses, beautifully ornamented 
with trees and shrubbery. Mill r. has a fall of 
60 feel in one third of a m., and affords good wa- 
ter power. Brownsville v., in the w. part of the 
t., contains a Methodist church and 2 stores ; and 
Sheddsville, in the same part, has a church com- 
mon to the Freewill Baptists and Universalists. 
The t. contains 2,428 sheep. On the s. border 
of the t. is Ascutney mountain, 3,320 feet above 
tidewater. Tliere are in the t. 9 stores, cap. 
$40,.500 ; 3 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 1 furnace, 
3 tanneries, 1 printing office, 2 periodicals, 2 
weekly newspapers, 5 grist m., 8 saw- m. Cap. 
in manufac. $35,490. 18 sch. Pop. 2,744. 

Windsor, p-t., Berkshire co., Mass., 123 w. 
Boston, 388 W. The surface is elevated and 
broken ; soil, well adapted to grazing. Drained 
by a branch of Westfield r., issuing from a pond 
in its N. E. part, and by a branch of Housatonic 
r. in the s. w. part. It occupies the height of 
land between Connecticut and Housatonic rivers. 
The V. contains 1 Congregational and 1 Baptist 
church. It has 6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$4,450. 10 sch. 207 scholars. Pop. 897. 

Windsor, p-t., Ilartlbrd co., Ct., 7n. Hartford, 
313 W. This venerable t., one of the oldest in 
Ct., was first settled in 1636. The surface is 
generally level ; soil, sandy or gravelly loam, 
with fine meadows. Connecticut r. bounds it on 
the E. Farmington r. passes through it, and here 
enters Connecticut r., affording good water pow- 
er. The principal v. is on a single street, 2 or 3 
ms. long, containing a Congregational church, 
several stores, and a number of handsome dwell- 
ings, beautifully shaded with trees. A bridge 
here crosses Farmington or Tuxis r. Poquonock 
v. is pleasantly situated at the head of navigation 
on Farmington r. Pine Meadow is a manufac- 
turing V. in the n. e. part of the t., at the com- 
mencement of the canal around Enfield falls, in 
Connecticut r. There are in the t. 6 stores, cap. 
$18,600 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 3 cotton fac. 
570 sp., 1 tannery, 3 paper fac, 5 grist m., 2 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $155,300. 1 acad. 39 stu- 
dents, 9 sch. 287 scholars. Pop. 2,283. 

Windsor, p-t, Broome co., N. Y., 12 s. e. 
Binghamton, 126 s. w. Albany, 300 W. l^e 
surface is hilly and mountainous ; soil, productive 
in the valleys. Drained by Susquehanna r. and 
its tributaries. The v. is situated on the w. side 
of Susquehanna r., and contains 1 Presbyterian 
and 1 Methodist church, 4 stores, 1 oil m., 1 card- 
ing machine, 60 dwellings, and about 400 in- 
habitants. There are in the t. 3 stores, capital 
$11,000; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 11 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,500. 20 sch. 685 
scholars. Pop. 2,368. 

WtNDSOR, p-t., York CO., Pa., 42 s. Harrisburg, 



WIN 



735 



WIN 



102 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, gravelly 
loam. Watered by Grist and Fish creeks, and 
Cabin Branch and Beaver runs. 

Windsor, t., Berks co., Pa. Schuylkill r. and 
canal pass along its w. boundary, ancl Maiden cr. 
on the E. Bine mountain occupies the n. w. 
part. The surface is hilly ; soil, gravelly and 
sterile. It contains a church, common to Luther- 
ans and Presbyterians, near the centre, and 
another near Hamburg v., in the n. w. part. It 
has 1 store, cap. $9,000 ; 2 tanneries, 6 distilleries, 
1 grist m., 1 oil m. Pop. 2,882. 

Windsor, p-v., Bertie co., N. C, 157 Raleigh, 
260 W. Situated on the w. side of Cashie r., a 
branch of Roanoke r. The r. is navigable to this 
place for vessels of from 80 to 100 tons. It con- 
tains a court house, jail, county offices, and an 
Episcopal church. It is surrounded by a fertile 
country, and is well situated for irade, but i.s un- 
healthy, owing to swamps on tlie margin of the r. 

Windsor, p-v., Walton co., Ga., 71 n. n. w. 
Milledgeville, 645 W. Situated on a head 
branch of Ocmulgee r. 

Windsor, p-t., Ashtabula co., O., 126 n. e. 
Columbus, 327 W. Grand r. runs along its e. 
boundary, alternately crossing it, by branches of 
which it is drained. Organized in 1810. It con- 
tains a quarry of grindstones. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $1,100; 1 furnace, 2 fulling m., 1 woollen 
fac, 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $5,954. Pop. 876. 

Windsor, p-t., Lawrence co., O., 110 s. s. e. 
Columbus, 410 W. (Post-oflice called Windsor 
Cross Roads.) Drained by Symmes and Indian 
Guyandot creeks, flowing into Ohio r. It has 6 
Ech. 125 scholars. Pop. 815. 

Windsor, p-v., Randolph co., la., 71 e. n. e. 
Indianapolis, 516 W. Situated on Stony cr. 

Windsor, p-v.. Bureau co., III., 119 n. Spring- 
field, 814 W. It contains 1 church, 4 stores, and 
about 150 inhabitants. 

Windsor Locks, p-v., Windsor t., Hartford 
CO., Ct., 12 N. Hartford, 348 W. Situated in Pine 
Meadow v. (See Windsor t.) 

WiNESBURG, p-v.. Paint t.. Holmes co., O., 105 
N. E. Columbus, 331 W. It contains 1 store, and 
12 or 15 dwellings. 

WiNFiELD, p-t., Herkimer co., N. Y., 76 w. 
Albany, 375 W. The surface is rolling ; soil, a 
fertile calcareous and sandy loam. Drained by 
head branches of Unadilla r. It has 5 stores, cap. 
$17,400 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 furnace, 
1 tannery, 1 distillery, 3 grist m., 11 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $27,750. 11 sch. 490 scholars. 
Pop. 1,652. 

Wing, t., Lucas co., O. It has 2 sch. 48 schol- 
ars. Pop. 145. 

WiNGViLLE, p-v.. Grant co., Wis., 67 w. Madi- 
son, 899 W. 

WiNii.\LL, p-t., Bennington co., Vt., 97 s. by 
w. Montpelicr, 434 W. The surface is rough, be- 
ing situated in part on the Green mountain range. 
Draineil by Winhall r., a branch of West r., 
which affords water power. Chartered in 1761. 
It has 1 store, • ;^ ft200 ; 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $900. 6 »wa. 200 scholars. Pop. 57G. 

Winnebago, lake, situated between Fond du 
Lac and Calumet counties, Wisconsin ter., and 
is 24 ms. long and 10 broad. The water is clear. 
Its outlet, in the n. w. part, is Fox r., which also 
enters it on the w. part, and is a large stream, 
flowing into (rreen bay. 

WiNNEii.vGO, county. Wis. Situated in the n. 
part of the settled portion of the ter., and con- 
tains 500 sq. ms. Drained by Neenah or Fox and 
Panwaygun rivers, and their branches. Capital, 
Oshkosh. There were in 1840, neat cattle 184, 



swine 147 ; Ind. corn 1,090 bush produced, pota- 
toes 1,980, sugar 4,400 pounds ; 1 grist m., 1 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $5,000. Pop. 135. 

Winnebago, county. III. Situated in the N. 
part of the state, and contains 504 sq. ms. Drain- 
ed by Rock r., and its branch Kishwaukie r., and 
by Peckatonokce r. The surface is undulating ; 
soil, fertile. Formed in 1836. Capital, Rockfbrd. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 4,711, sheep 894, 
swine 12,374 ; wheat 63,315 bush, produced, Ind. 
corn 127,377, buckwheat 1,399, oats 50,117, pota- 
toes 79,136, tobacco 115,419 pounds, sugar 13,823; 
18 stores, cap. $S0,000; 1 fulling m., 2 distillerie.?, 
23 potteries, 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 10 saw m., 
2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers. Cap. in 
manufac. $69,225. 26 sch. 606 scholars. Pop. 4,609. 

WiNNEMAC, p-v., capital of Pulaski co., la., 
100 N. by w. Indianapolis, 633 W. It contains a 
United States land office. 

WiNNicuT, r., N. H., a tributary of Piscataqua 
r., which enters through Great bay. 

WiNNiPisEOGEE, lake and r., N. H. Situated 
between Belknap and Carroll counties. It is 
irregular in its form, 22 ms. long, and from 1 to 
10 broad, and forms one of the most beautiful and 
picturesque sheets of water in the United States. 
The water is remarkably pure and very deep, 
fed extensively by springs at its bottom. Steam- 
boats and small vessels navigate it in the sum- 
mer season. Its winding shores, projecting points, 
its multiplied islands, and its fine surrounding 
mountain scenery, combine to form an assem- 
blage of beauty and grandeur unsurpassed by 
the far-famed lakes of Scotland, or any other 
part of the world. Its outlet, proceeding from 
Great bay on the s. w., through 2 small lakes, 
forms Winnipiseogee r., which flows into Pemige- 
wasset r. to form Merrimac r., having a fall of 
232 feet in its short course, affording extensive 
water power. The lake is 472 feet above the 
level of the sea. 

WiNNS, p-o.. Hall CO., Ga., 122 n. Milledge- 
ville, 631 W. 

WiNNSBOROUGH, p-v.. Capital of Fairfield disi., 
S. C., 29 N. N. w. Columbia, 480 W. It is situ- 
ated between Wateree and Little rivers, and con- 
tains a court house, jail, market house, 1 male 
and 1 female academy, 4 churches — 2 Presbyte- 
rian, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Methodist — 12 s'«res, 100 
dwellings, and about 700 inhabitants. In the 
vicinity is a literary and theological seminary, 
under the direction of the Baptists, denominated 
" The Furnace Institution," for educating young 
men for the ministry. It has several fine build- 
ings of brick. 

WiNNsviLLE, p-o., Fluvanna co., Va., 60 w. n. 
w. Richmond, 134 VV. 

WiNSLow, p-t., Kennebec co.. Me., 20 n. by 
E. Augusta, 615 VV. The surface is undulating; 
soil, generally fertile, and well cultivated. Ken- 
nebec r. bounds it on the w. Watered by Se- 
basticook r. and its tributaries, one of which flows 
from a pond near its centre. It has 2 stores, cap. 
$7,000 ; 1 fulling m., 4 saw m. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $2,250. 14 sch. 733 scholars. Pop. 1,722. 

WixsLow, p-v., Gloucester co., N. J., 54 s. 
Trenton, 164 W. 

WiNsi.ow, p-v.. Pike co., la., 146 s. s. w. In- 
dianapolis, 6-J5 W. 

Winston, county, 31iss. Situated a little .\. 
E. of the centre of the state, and contains 720 sq. 
ms. Drained by branches of Pearl and Tombig- 
bee rivers. Capital, Louisville. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 8,729, sheep 1,224, swine 12,893 ; 
wheat 8,843 bush, produced, Ind. corn 209,165, 
oats 8,495, potatoes 22,971, rice 4,005 pounds, to- 
bacco 2,475, cotton 1,108,607; 3 stores, cap. 



WIS 



736 



WIS 



$25,000 ; 2 tanneries, 9 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $25,800. 1 acad. 18 students, 1 sch. 
29 scholars. Pop. whites 3,061, slaves 1,589 ; 
total, 4,650. 

WiNSTO.M, p-c, Weakley co., Tenn., 127 w. 
Nashville, 813 W. 

Winter Seat, p-o., Edgefield dist., S. C, 79 
w. Columbia, 547 W. 

WiNTERsviLLE, p-v., Crosg Creek I., Jeffersoii 
CO., O., 134 Columbus, 269 W. 

WiNTHUop, p-t., Kennebec co.. Me., 10 w. Au- 
gusta, 598 W. The surfoce is undulating ; soil, 
lertile and well cultivated. It has a large pond 
or small lake, 10 ms. long, and from 1 to 3 broad, 
in its E. part, and 2 others, one of which extends 
N. into Readfield. Drained by Cobbeseconte r., 
which flows through these ponds and enters 
Kennebec r. The v. is situated at the s. end of 
the N. lake, the outlet of which affords water 
power. It has 5 stores, cap. $12,600; 1 fulling 
m., 2 tanneries, 1 printing office, 1 weekly news- 
paper, 1 grist ra., 3 sawra. Cap. in manufactures 
$24,101. 5 sch. 691 scholars. Pop. 1,915. 

WiNTHROP, p-0., Middlesex co., Ct. 

WiNTON, p-v., capital of Hertford co., N. C, 
35 N. w. Edenton, 155 n. e. by e. Raleigh, 227 
W. Situated on the s. w. side of Chowan r., 2 
ms. below the junction of Nottaway and Meher- 
rin rivers, which form it. It contains a court 
hou.se, jail, and 100 inhabitants. 

WiNYAW, bay, S. C, sets up 14 ms. from the 
Atlantic at Georgetown entrance, and is 2 ms. 
broad. It receives Great Pedee, Black, and Wac- 
camaw rivers, of which it is the estuary. Ves- 
sels of a large class navigate to Georgetown. 



WiOTA, p-v., Iowa CO., Wis., 75 n. Madison, 
861 W. 

Wire Town, p-v., Monmouth co., N. J., 51 e. 
Trenton, 210 W. 

Wirt, t., Alleghany co., N. Y. Surface high 
and undulating ; soil, sandy loam. Drained by 
Little Genesee creek. It has 1 tannery, 1 grist 
m., 7 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $9,200. 1 sch. 
36 scholars. Pop. 1,207. 

Wirt's Seminary, p-o., Sumner co., Tenn., 
33 N. E. Nashville, 655 W. The v. contains 50 
inhabitants. 

WiscAssET, p-t., port of entry and one of the 
capitals of Lincoln co.. Me., 27 s. s. e. Augusta, 
538 W. It has a fine harbor at the mouth of 
Sheepscot r., suflieient for vessels of the largest 
class, and is not often obstructed by ice. Its nav- 
igation is extensive, engaged in the foreign and 
coasting trade, and the fisheries. Ship building 
is a considerable business. It contains a court 
house, several churches, a number of store.s, a 
printing office issuing a weekly newspaper, and 
many large and handsome dwellings. During 
the prosperous days of commerce it advanced 
greatly in wealth, but has not increased so rapid- 
ly since, though it is still flourishing. It is one 
of the most important seaports of the state. There 
are in the t. 5 commercial houses, cap. $103,600 ; 
21 stores, cap. $27,800; 1 furnace, 2 tanneries, 1 
pottery, 2 grist m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$71,150. 8 sch. 983 scholars. Pop. 2,314. 

WiscoNisco, t., Dauphin co.. Pa. It has 1 
store, cap. $3,000; 1 forge, 1 tannery, 1 flouring 
m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,500. 4 sch. 
170 scholars. Pop. 489. 



WISCONSIN. 

Wisconsin is bounded n. by the British possessions ; n. e. by Montreal and Menomonee rivers, 
and a line connecting their sources, separating it from northern Michigan ; e. by Lake Michigan, 
separating it from Michigan proper ; s. by Illinois ; and w. by the Mississippi, separating it from 
Iowa ter. It is between 42° 30' and 49° 30' n. lat., and between 86° 50' and 96° w. long. ; being 
600 miles long and 150 broad. It contains about 90,000 square miles, or 57,600,000 acres. It con- 
tained in 1840, 30,945 inhabitants: of these 18,757 were white males; 11,992 do. females; 101 
■were colored males; 84 do. females. Employed in agriculture, 7,047; in commerce, 479; in 
manufactures and trades, 1,814; in mining, 794; navigating the ocean, rivers, lakes, &c., 223; 
learned professions, &c., 259. 

It is divided into 22 counties, which, with their population in 1840, and their capitals, were as 
follows: Brown, 2,107, Green Bay; CaluiMET, 275, Calumet; Crawford, 1,502, Prairie du 
Chien ; Dane, 314, Madison ; Dodge, 67, Dodge C. H. ; Fond du Lac, 139, Fond du Lac ; Grant, 
3,926, Lancaster; Green, 933, Monroe ; Iowa, 3,978, Mineral Point; Jefferson, 914, JeflTerson ; 
Manitouwoc, 235, Manitouwoc; MARauETTE, 18, Marquette; Milwaukie, 5,605, Milwaukie; 
Portage, 1,623, Fort Winnebago; Racine, 3,475, Racine; Rock, 1,701, Rockport; St. Croix, 
809, St. Croix C. H. ; Sauk, 102, Prairie du Sac; Sheboygan, 133, Sheboygan ; Walworth, 
2,611, Elkhorn ; Washington, 343, Washington; Winnebago, 135, Oshkosh. 

Madison, between the third and fourth of the 4 lakes which discharge their waters into Rock 
river, in Dane county, is the seat of government. 

The surveyed part, south of Green Bay, Fox, and Wisconsin rivers, is composed of timbered and 
prairie lands, with some swamps or wet prairies, having a vegetable soil of from 1 to 10 feet deep. 
North of the Wisconsin commences a hilly region, swelling as it proceeds north into a mountainous 
country, with a rugged and broken surface, creating many rapids and falls in the streams, and 
affording many wild and picturesque views. Near the sources of the Mississippi is an elevated 
table land, abounding with lakes and swamps, in which fish are abundant and wild rice grows. 
Bordering on the Mississippi and Wisconsin rivers the soil is rich, and the surface is generally 
covered with a heavy growth of timber. The white pine is found on the Upper Mississippi. All 
the productions common in this latitude can be cultivated with success, and the great range of pas- 
turage on the prairies, renders the country peculiarly favorable for raising cattle. 

In 1840 there were in this territory 5,735 horses and mules ; 30,269 neat cattle ; 3,462 sheep ; 51,383 
swine; value of poultry produced $16,167. There were produced 212,116 bushels of wheat; 



. WOB 737 WOL 

11,062 of barley; 406,514 of oats ; 1,965 of rye ; 10,654 of buckwheat; 379,359 of Indian com; 
419,608 of potatoes; 6,777 pounds of wool; 1,474 do. of wax; 135,288 do. of sugar. The pro- 
ducts of the dairy were valued at $35,677. 

The southwestern part of Wisconsin is exceedingly rich as a mineral region, which extends into 
Illinois and Iowa. Lead ore, yielding 75 per cent, of metal, is abundant ; and copper ore is also 
extensively found. The former has long been, and the latter is beginning to be wrought. Iron 
ore also exists. 

The principal rivers are the Mississippi, washing its western border ; the Wisconsin, 500 miles 
long, a large tributary of the Mississippi; Chippeway river, which enters the Mississippi further n. 
w., and is a large river ; Kock river, which rises and runs partly in this state ; Neenah or Fox river, 
which passes so near the Wisconsin that in time of high water the cotuitry between them is often 
overflowed, and can be passed in boats, passes through Lake Winnebago, and enters Green bay : 
though obstructed by rapids, boats pass up it 180 miles. 

There are many lakes and ponds in tliis state, particularly in its northern parts. The 4 lakes 
near Madison, are pleasant sheets of water. Winnebago lake is 24 miles long and 10 broati, and 
has an outlet to Green bay. Green bay is a branch of Lake Michigan, and is partly in this terri- 
tory ; and Lake Michigan boimds it on the E. 

The most important place in this state is Milwaukie, on Lake Michigan. It is extensively visited 
by steamboats, and is an important commercial centre. It is the only good harbor between Chi- 
cago and Grefen bay. Green Bay is near the mouth of Neenah or Fox river, at the head of Green 
bay, and has a good harbor and an extensive trade. Racine and Sheboygan on Lake Michigan, 
and Prairie du Chien on the Mississippi, just above the mouth of the Wisconsin, are considerable 
places. 

There w^ere in this territory in 1810, 1 commercial and 7 commission houses engaged in for<;ign 
trade, with a capital of $63,000 ; 178 retail drygoods and other stores, with a cap. of §661,550 ; 133 
persons employed in the lumber trade, w-ith a cap. of $21,180 ; 62 persons engaged in internal 
transportation, who, with 3 butchers, packers, &c., employed a capital of $14,100. 

The amount of home-made or family manufactures was $12,567. There were 1 furnace, cap. 
$4,000 ; 49 smelting houses produced 15,129,350 pounds of lead, employing 220 persons, with a cap. 
of $664,600 ; 3 distilleries and 3 breweries employed a cap. of $14,400 ; 4 flouring m., 29 grist m., 
124 saw m., cap. $561,650; 7 brick, 509 wooden houses were built, and cost $212,085; 6 printing 
offices and 6 weekly newspapers employed a capital of $10,300. Total capital in manufactures 
$635,926. 

No college has been established in this territory. There were in 1840, 2 academies, with 65 
students ; and 77 common and primary schools, with 1,937 scholars. 

In Jan., 1840, this territory had 1 bank, with a capital of §100,000, and a circulation of $109,185. 

The government was organized in 1836. The governor is appointed by the president of the 
United States, with the advice and consent of the senate, and is ex-officio superintendent of In- 
dian affairs. The legislative assembly consists of a council of 13 members, elected for 4 years ; 
and a house of representatives of 26 members, elected for 2 years. Their pay is 3 dollars a day, 
and 3 dollars for every 20 miles travel. The Congress of the United States have appropriated 
$20,000 for the erection of public buildings, and $5,000 for a library. 

This territory has a few works of internal improvement. The United States commenced, in 
1838, the Portage canal, H miles long, to connect the Wisconsin and Fox rivers, which completes 
a steamboat navigation from Lake Michigan to the Mississippi. The Milwaukie and Rock River 
canal, 60 miles in length, to connect Rock river with Lake 31icliigan, is in progress. 



Wiseman's, p-o., Boone co.. Mo. 

WisENBURG, p-v., Lehigh co., Pa. 

WiTCHERS Cross Roads, p-o.. Smith CO., 
Tenn., 64 e. Nashville, 650 W. 

WiTiiAMsviLLE, p-v.. Union t., Clermont co., 
O., 128 s. w. Columbus, 499 W. Situated 3 ms. 
N of Ohio r., and contains 2 stores, 1 steam flour- 
ing m., and about 250 inhabitants. 

Wittenberg's, p-o., Caldwell co., N. C, 179 
w. Raleigh, 416 W. 

Witten's, p-o., Jackson t., Monroe co., O., 



grcgational, 2 Baptist, and 1 Universalist — an 
academy, several stores and mechanic shops, and 
about 75 dwellings. Horn pond, in the vicinity, 
is a beautiful sheet of water, containing a small 
but picturesque island. There are in the t. 12 
stores, cap. §29,3U0 ; 14 forges, 7 tanneries, 1 
bindery, 2 grist m., 26 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$197,418. 1 acad. 1 10 students, 9 sch. 120 schol- 
ars. Pop. 2,993. 

WoLCOTT, p-t., Lamoille co., Vt., 23 .\. Mont- 
pelier, 539 W. Watered by Lamoille r. and its 



136 E. Columbus, 269 W. branches, which aflord water power. Chartered 

Woburn, p-t., Middlesex co., M«bs., 10 n. w. in 1780. The soil is adapted to grazing and to 
by w. Boston, 450 W. Drained by Mystic r., i grain, and is moderately fertile. It has 1 store. 



into which Horn pond, a~ considerable body of 
water in its centre, flows. There are 2 other 
ponds, all well stored with fish. Incorporated in 
1642. The Middlesex canal and the Boston and 
Lowell railroad pass through it. The v., situ- 
ated near the canal, contains 4 churches — 1 Con- 
93 



cap. $6,000 ; 1 fulling m., 1 tannery, 1 grist m., 5 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $7,400. 11 sch. 299 
scholars. Pop. 910. 

Wolcott, p-t.. New Haven co., Ct, 54 s. 
Hartford, 320 W. Drained by Mad r., a branch 
of Naugatuck r. The surface is hil'y, mountain- 



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ous, ahd rough; soil, gravelly loam. A hill in 
the N. E. part presents an extensive prospect, 
reaching to Long Island sound. It contains a 
Congregational and an Episcopal church. It has 
2 stores, cap. $1,100; I fulling m., 3 tanneries, 1 
distillery, 1 grist m., 9 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
§11,390. 6 sch. 127 scholars. Pop. 633. 

WoLCOTT, p-t., Wayne co., N. V., 180 w. by 
N. Albany, 360 W. I'he surface is level ; soil, 
sandy and gravelly loam. Drained by small 
streams flowing into Lake Ontario, which bounds 
it on the n. The v. is situated on Ridge road, 
and contains 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 Me- 
thodist, and 1 Universalist — 8 stores, I grist m., 2 
saw m., 100 dwellings, and about 600 inhabitants. 
There are in the t. 8 stores, cap. $46,000 ; 1 full- 
ing m., 1 furnace, 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 12 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $6,300. 2 acad. 97 stu- 
dents, 13 sch. 750 scholars. Pop. 2,481. 

WoLcoTTSvtLLE, p-v., Torrington t., Litch- 
field CO., Ct., 26 vv. Hartford, 333 W. Situated 
at the junction of 2 branches of Naugatuck or Wa- 
terbury r. It contains a Congregational church, 
an academy, in which religious worship is held, 
4 stores, 1 woollen fac, and about 40 dwellings. 

WoLFSBOROuGH, p-t., CarroU co., N. H., 39 
N. N. w. Concord, 520 W. The surface is level ; 
soil, rocky, but fertile. Drained by Smith's 
river flowing into Winnipiseogee lake, which 
bounds it on the s. w. Smith's pond lies in its 
s. part. It has 7 stores, cap. $18,800; 2 full- 
ing m., 1 woollen fac, 5 tanneries, 3 grist m., 16 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $31,975. 1 acad.' 95 
students, 15 sch. 736 scholars. Pop. 1,918. 

Wolf Creek, t., Mercer co., Pa., 10 s. e. 
Mercer b. The surface is level ; soil, clay and 
loam. Drained by Wolf cr. It has 3 stores, 
cap. $5,300 ; 2 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 4 grist m., 
4 saw m., 11 sch. 442 scholars. Pop. 1,732. 

Wolf Creek, p-o., Pickens dist., S. C, 159 
w. N. w. Columbia, 524 W. 

Wolf Creek, p-o., Morgan co., O., 66 e. Co- 
lumbus, 337 W. 

Wolf Creek, p-o., Lenawee co., Mich., 67 s. 
w. Detroit, 513 W. 

Wolf Grove, p-o., McDonough co., 111., 93 n. 
w. Springfield, 848 W. 

Wolf Island, t., Scott co.. Mo. Pop. 534. 

Wolf Lake, p-o., Noble co., la., 160 n. In- 
dianapolis, 673 W. 

Wolf River, p-o., Fayette co., Tenn., 186 w. 
s. w. Nashville, 871 W. 

Wolf Run, p-o., Lycoming co., Pa. 

Wolfsville, p-o., Frederick co., Md., 93 n. 
w. Annapolis, 61 W. 

Wolfsville, p-v., Mecklenburg co., N. C, 
178 w. s. w. Raleigh, 417 W. 

Wolverton, p-v., McMinn co., Tenn., 185 e. 
s. E. Nashville, 562 W. 

Womack's, p-o., Wilcox co., Ala., 116 s. s. E. 
Tuscaloosa, 891 W. 

WoMELSDORF, p-b., Berks co.. Pa., 14 w. 
Reading, 38 e. Hamsbtirg, 151 W. It contains 
a church, common to Presbyterians and Luther- 
ans ; 5 stores, cap. $28,500 ; 1 tannery, 1 distil- 
lery, 1 flouring m., 4 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $4,443. Pop. 849. It is inhabited 
Chiefly by Germans, and the country around is 
fertile and well cultivated. 

WoNAsauATocKET, r.. Providence co., R. I., 
is a valuable mill stream, which flows into Pro- 
vidence cove, and aflTords water power for many 
manufacturing establishments. 

Wood, cr., Oneida co., N. Y., rises in Rome, 
and flows into the e. end of Oneida lake. It is a 
deep and sluggish stream, formerly used, by a 
short portage, to connect the Mohawk river with 



Lake Ontario. It is now used as a part of Oneida 
Lake canal, and, in connection with Oneida lake 
and river, connects the Erie canal, in Oneida co., 
with the Oswego canal. 

Wood, cr., "Washington co,, N. Y., flows N. 
into the s. end of Lake Champlain, and affords 
water power. Through a considerable portion 
of its length it is used as a part of the Champlain 
canal. 

Wood, county, Va. Situated in the N. w. 
part of the state, and contains 1,223 square miles. 
Ohio r. bounds it on the n. w. Drained by Lit- 
tle Kanawha river and its numerous branches. 
The surface is very much broken ; soil, fertile. 
Capital, Parkersburg. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 7,601, sheep 13,885, swine 12,462 ; wheat 
71,339 bushels produced, Ind. corn 203,637, buck- 
wheat 1,178, oats 85,199, potatoes 21,491, tobacco 
87,091 pounds, sugar 5,844; 25 stores, cap. 
$99,290 ; 4 tanneries, 4 flouring m., 10 grist m., 
21 saw m., 1 oil m., 1 printing office, 1 weekly 
newspaper. Cap. in maiuifac. $17,250. 4 acad. 
319 students, 13 sch. 307 scholars. Pop. whites, 
7,243, slaves 624, free colored 56 ; total, 7,923. 

Wood, county, O. Situated toward the N. w. 
part of the state, and contains 590 square miles. 
Bo\inded on the n. vv. by Maumee r., up which 
vessels requiring 6 feet of water pass to Perrys- 
biirg, 12 miles from its entrance into Maumee 
bay, and 18 miles from Lake Erie. Drained by 
Portage r. and its branches. The surface is 
nearly level, having a gentle descent toward the 
lake ; soil, alluvial and very fertile. It contains 
a large portion of the " Black Swamp," now un- 
healthy, but capable of being drained and made 
very productive. Capital, Perrysburg. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 6,497, sheep 2,790, 
swine 10,624; wheat 29,004 bushels produced, 
rye 1,522, Indian corn 112,508, buckwheat 4,150, 
oats 39,469, potatoes 54,250, tobacco 2,049 lbs., 
sugar 42,175; 12 stores, cap. $25,920; 1 tannery, 
4 flouring m., 1 grist m., 10 saw m. Cap. iii 
manufac. $34,478. 27 sch. 717 scholars. Pop. 
5,357. 

Woodwardville, p-v., Marengo co, Ala., 104 
s. by w. Tuscaloosa, 916 W. 

Woodbine, p-o., Carroll co., Md., 60 n. n. w. 
Annapolis, 65 W. 

Woodbourne, p-v., Fallsburg t., Sullivan co., 
N. Y., 103 s. w. Albany, 308 W. It contains 1 
Dutch Reformed church, I store, 1 tannery, and 
about 10 dwellings. 

Woodbourne, p-v., Knox co., Tenn., 202 e. 
Na.shville, 480 W. 

Woodbridge, t.. New Haven co., Ct., 6 n. w. 
New Haven. The surface is hilly ; soil, gravel- 
ly loam, adapted to grazing. On the e. side is a 
range of mountains, which may be regarded as 
the commencement of the Green Mountain range, 
terminating at West Rock, a bold precipice, near 
N. Haven. Drained by West r. Two of the regi- 
cide judges of Charles I., GofTe and Wlialley, 
resided here in concealment, in the year 1661, 
at a place which they named Hatchet Harbor, 
so called to the present time. It has 2 stores, 
cap. $2,200 ; 2 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $9,200. 5 sch. 266 scholars. Pop. 958. 

Woodbridge, p-t., Middlesex co., N. J., 43 n. 
E. Trenton, 209 W. The surface is level ; soil, 
red shale, and well cultivated. Drained by 
Railway r. Chartered about 1680. It contains 
a part of Railway v. The v. of Woodbury, 3 
ms. s. Rahway, contains 1 church, 3 stores, and 
about 30 dwellings. The t. contained 120 fami- 
lies in 1682. It has 22 stores, cap. $49,900; 2 
lumber yards, cap. $9,000 ; 1 cotton m., 1 acad 43 
students, 16 sch. 491 scholars. Pop. 4,821. 



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WooDBRiDGE, t., Hillsdale co., Mich. It has 

1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $4,000. 1 sch. 21 
scholars. Pop. 226. 

WooDBURN, p-v., Macoupin co., 111., 12 n. by 
E. Alton, 63 s. by w. Springfield, 803 W. 

Woodbury, p-t., Litchfield co., Ct., 50 w. Hart- 
ford, 398 W. The surface is mostly uneven ; 
soil, warm and fertile. Drained by Pomperaug 
r. and its branches. It contains 4 churches — 2 
Congregational, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Methodist. 
The V. is pleasantly situated in a valley, chiefly 
on one extended street, near the junction of Non- 
newog, Wecopema, and Sprane branches, which 
form Pomperaug r., and afford water power. It 
contains 3 churches, several stores, and about 80 
dwellings, some of them neat and tasteful. There 
are in the t. 8 stores, cap. $76,000 ; 3 fulling m., 

2 woollen fac, 3 tanneries, 2 grist m., 4 saw m 
Cap. in manufac. $23,650. 12 sch. 327 scholars 
Pop. 1,948. 

Woodbury, v.. Oyster Bay t.. Queens co., N, 
Y. It is a scattered settlement on the Jerico 
turnpike, surrounded by a well cultivated country. 

Woodbury, p-v., capital of Gloucester co., N. 
J., 37 s. s. w. iVenton, 148 W. Situated at tlie 
head of navigation, on Woodbury cr., a branch 
of Delaware r. It contains a .spacious court 
house, and fire-proof county ofllces, all of brick, 
a jail of stone, 3 churches — 1 Presbyterian, 1 
Methodist, and 1 Friends — an academy, 2 public 
libraries, 10 stores, over 100 dwellings, and about 
800 inhabitants. The corporate limits are 1 m. 
long and half a m. wide, within which a fire en- 
gine is maintained, and 8 public wells have been 
sunk for its use. 

Woodbury, t., Huntingdon co., Pa. It has 3 
stores, cap. $9,000; 1 fuUing m., 3 furnaces, 2 
forges, 2 tanneries, 3 distilleries, 1 pottery, 1 flour- 
ing m., 5 grist m., 13 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$27,560. 5 sch. 146 scholars. Pop. 2,102. 

Woodbury, p-t., Bedford co., Pa., 113 w. Har- 
risburg, ] 39 W. The surface consists of moun- 
tains and valleys ; soil, calcareous loam, slate, 
and gravel. Drained by Yellow cr. and its 
branches, and the Frankstown branch of Juniata 
r. Iron ore is found. It has 11 stores, capital 
$36,000; 4 furnaces, 1 tannery, 4 potteries, 8 
flouring m., 11 saw m. Cap. m manufac. $41,840. 
I acad. 33 students, 8 sch. 247 scholars. Pop. 
3,944. 

Woodbury, p-v., Wood co., O., 105 n. n. w. 
Columbus, 461 W. 

Woodbury, p-v., Madison co., la., 22 n. e. In- 
dianapoUs, 567 W. 

Woodbury, p-v.. Coles co.. 111., 104 e. s. e. 
Springfield, 696 W. Situated on the national 
road, and contains 8 or 10 dwellings. 

Woodbitry, p-v., capital of Cannon co., Tenn., 
54 Nashville, 645 W. Situated on a branch of 
Stone's cr., which Hows into Cumberland r. It 
contains a court house, jail, and about 150 in- 
habitants. 

Woodbury, p-o., Pulaski co.. Mo., 125 s. Jef- 
ferson City, 1,040. 

Woodcock, p-t., Crawford co.. Pa., 213 n. w. 
Harrisburg, 315 W. Drained by Woodcock cr. 
It has 2 stores, cap. $9,000 ; 2 fulling m., 3 tan- 
neries, 2 distilleries, 1 brewery, 1 paper fac, 1 
flouring m., 3 grist m., 10 saw m., 1 oil m. Cap. 
in manufac. $35,990. Pop. 1,921. 

Woodcock V.vlley, p-o., Hopewell t., Hun- 
tingdon CO., Pa., 93 w. Harrisburg, 157 W. The 
valley is between Allegripus mt. e. and Tussey's 
mt. w. 

Woodford, county, Ky. Situated n. e. of the 
centre of the state, and contains 154 i^q. ms. 
Bounded w. by Kentucky r., by branches of 



which it is drained. The soil is very lertile. 
Capital, Versailles. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 9,633, sheep 16,223, swine 21,852 ; wheat 
93,591 bush, produced, rye 35,681, Indian corn 
643,735, oats 109,502, potatoes 15,845, tobacco 
13,860 pounds, sugar 1,410 ; 3 commission houses, 
cap. ,$2,700; 27 stores, cap. $106,700; 1 cotton 
fac. 250 sp., 3 tanneries, 12 distilleries, 20 flour- 
ing m., 29 grist m., 19 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$179,187. 4 acad. 104 students, 4 sch. 94 scho- 
lars. Pop. whites 5,816, slaves 5,752, free col'd 
172; total, 11,740. 

Woodford, county. 111. Situated n. of the 
centre of the state, and contains 470 sq. ms. 
Drained by Mackinaw r., a branch of Illinois r. 
Capital, Woodford. 

Woodford, p-t., Bennington co., Vt., 121 s. 
Montpelier, 411 W. Situated on the Green 
mountain range, with an elevated and broken 
surface ; mucli of the soil is incapable of cultiva- 
tion. W^atercd by head branches of Walloom- 
sack and Deerfield rivers, issuing from ponds in 
the t., one of wliich contains 100 acres. Tho 
turnpike across the Green mountain, from Ben- 
nington to Bratlleboro, passes through the s. part 
of the t. It has 1 congregation of Congregation- 
alists and 1 of 3Iethodists. It has 4 saw m. Cap. 
in manufactures $1,000. 2 sch. 46 scholars. 
Pop. 487. 

Woodford, p-v., Woodford co., 111., 81 Spring- 
field, 774 W. Situated on the n. side of Macki- 
naw r., and contains a court house, jail, and a few 
dwellings. 

Wood Grove, p-o.. Rowan co., N. C, 128 w. 
Raleigh, 365 W. 

Wood Grove, p-o., Morgan co., O., 84 E. Co- 
lumbus, 319 W. 

Wood House, p-o., Meriwether co., Ga., 94 
w. Milledgeville, 714 W. 

WooDHUT.L, p-t., Steuben co., N. Y., 239 w. 
by s. Albany, 295 W. The surliice is uneven ; 
soil, clay and sandy loam, not very fertile. 
Drained by Tuscarora cr. It has 19 stores, cap 
$47,150; 1 grist m. Cap. in manufac. $1,650. 9 
sch. 305 scholars. Pop. 827. 

WooDnuLL, t., Shiawassee co., Mich. It has 1 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,100. 1 sch. 17 
scholars. Pop. 147. 

Woodland, p-v., Hamilton co., Flor. 

WooDLA.N'D, p-v.. East Feliciana par., La., 122 
N. w. New Orleans, 1,140 W. 

Woodlands, p-o., Marshall co., Va., 3^10 n. w. 
Riclimond, 278 W. 

WooDLAWN, p-o., Accomack co., Va., 193 e. 
Richmond, 192 W. 

WooDLAWN, p-v., Lincoln co., N. C, 173 w. 
by s. Raleigh, 412 W. 

WooDLAWN, p-v., Edgefield dist., S. C, 93 w. 
Columbia, 580 W. 

WooDLAWx, p-o., Dallas co., Ala., 84 s. Tus- 
caloosa, 831 W. 

Woodruff's, ])-o., Spartanburg dist., S. C, 96 
N. w. Columbia, 491 W. 

WooDSBORouGii, p-v., Frederick co., Md., 85 
N. w. Annapolis, 54 W. It contains about 100 
inhabitants. 

WooDSBORo', p-o., Shelby co., Ala., 64 e. Tus- 
caloosa, 783 W 

W'ooDs Dale, p-o., Person co., N. C, 62 n. 
Raleigh, 242 W. 

Wood's Ferry, p-o., Greene co., Tenn., 247 
e. Nashville, 450 W. 

Wood.sfield, p-v.. Centre t., capital of Mon- 
roe CO., O., 117 E. Columbus, 283 W. Situated 
on elevated ground, 18 ms. from Ohio r. It con- 
tains an elegant court house, jail, 1 church, 3 
stores, a printing office, 50 dwellings, and about 



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300 inhabitants. A circular hill in its n. part 60 
feet high, affords an extensive prospect. 

Wood's Hill, p-o., Roane co., Term., 102 e. 
by s. Nashville, 519 W. 

Wood's Hole, p-v., Falmouth t, Barnstable 
CO., Mass., 79 s. Boston, 461 W. Situated in the 
extreme s. w. part of the t. It has a good harbor, 
and ships of the largest class come to its wharves. 
It is protected by islands on the s. and w. It 
contains an Episcopal church. 

WooDso.wiLLE, p-v., Hart co., Ky. Situated 
on the s. side of Green r., opposite to Mumfords- 
ville, the capital of the co. 

Wood's Station, p-o., Walker co., Ga., 214 
N. w. Milledgeville, 623 W. 

Woodstock, p-t., Oxford co., Me., 49 w. Au- 
gusta, 603 W. l"he surface is partly mountain- 
ous, and partly undulating, with considerable 
fertile .soil, adapted to grain. Drained by a 
branch of Little Androscoggin r., issuing from a 
pond a little E. of the centre, which affords wa- 
ter power. Incorporated in 1829. It has 3 stores, 
cap. $900; 10 sch. 346 scholars. Pop. 819. 

Woodstock, p-t., Grafton co., N. H., 57 n. 
Concord, 532 W. The surface is mountainous, 
containing Blue mt., Cushnian's mt., and Black 
mt., the latter on its n. boundary. Drained by 
a tributary of Pemigcwasset r. First settled 
about 1773. It was formerly called Peeling. It 
has 2 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in raanufac. $3,230. 
6 sch. 170 scholars. Pop. 472. 

Woodstock, p-t., capital of Windsor co., Vt., 
51 s. Montpelier, 485 W. The surface is pleas- 
antly diversified ; soil, fertile. Drained by Otta 
Queechee r. and its branches, and by Beaver 
brook, all of which afford water power. It con- 
tains 2 villages. The N. or main v. is one of the 
largest in the co., built around a beautiful public 
green. It contains a court house, jail, 5 churches 
— 1 Congregational, 1 Episcopal, 1 Methodist, 1 
Christian, and 1 Universalist — the Vermont med- 
ical college, 20 stores, 2 printing offices, 325 
dwellings, and 1,400 inhabitants. The s. village 
is 5 ms. s. of the court house, and contains 1 
church, 2 stores, and a number of mechanic 
shops. There are in the t. 12 stores, cap. 
$5y,500 ; 1 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 3 tanneries, 
2 printing offices, 2 weekly newspapers, 3 grist 
m.,5sawm. Cap. in manufac. $127,505. 1 acad. 
25 students, 16 sch. 1,012 scholars. Pop. 3,315. 

Woodstock, p-i., Windham co., Ct., 43 e. n. 
E. Hartford, 379 W. The surface is hilly, but 

feneraljy arable ; soil, a fertile gravelly loam, 
(rained by Muddy brook and its branches, a 
branch of Quinnebaug r., and by a branch of 
Natchaug r. The first affords good water power. 
It contains 6 churches — 3 Congregational, 2 Bap- 
tist, and 1 Methodist. It contains Old Wood- 
stock, and 2 other villages. Old Woodstock con- 
tains a Congregational church, an academy, and 
a number of dwellings on a fine public green. 
The ground is elevated and the prospect exten- 
sive. West Woodstock contains a Congregation- 
al church. North Woodstock, or jMuddy Brook, 
in the n. vv. part, on a stream of that name, is 
the most compact part of the t., and contains 2 
.^Congregational churches, and 1 Methodist in the 
vicinity, and presents a handsome appearance. 
There are in the t. 16 stores, cap. $33,000; 2 
fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 3 cotton fac. 3,292 sp., 
3 acad. 95 students, 20 sch. 909 scholars. Pop. 
3,053. 

Woodstock, p-t., Ulster co., N. Y., 69 s. Al- 
bany. 328 W. The surface is mountainous, 
lying on Catskill mountains ; soil, gravel, clay, 
and loam. Drained by Saghkill and other creeks, 
tributaries of Esopus cr. The v. contains 2 



churches, 2 stores, 1 tannery, and 20 dwellings. 
Bristol Glass Works is a manufacturing v. There 
are in the t. 2 stores, cap. $20,000 ; 1 tannery, 1 
glass house, 1 glass cutting establishment, 2 
grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in nianufac. $35,295. 
7 sch. 372 scholars. Pop. 1,691. 

Woodstock, p-v., Anne Arundel co., Md., 50 
N. w. Annapolis, 55 W. 

Woodstock, p-v., capital of Shenandoah co., 
Va., 150 N. N. w. Richmond, 104 W. Situated on 
the w. side of the n. fork of Shenandoah r., about 
1 m. from its bank. It contains a court house, 
jail, county offices, a masonic hall, an academy, 
3 churches — 1 Lutheran, 1 German Reformed, 1 
Methodist — a number of stores, 125 dwellmgs, 
and about 1,000 inhabitants. 

Woodstock, p-v., Cherokee co., Ga., 125 n. 
N. w. Milledgeville, 683 W. Situated on the s. 
side of Little r., a branch of Etowah r. 

Woodstock, p-v.. Rush t.. Champaign co., 
O., 13 N. E. Urbanna, 37 n. w. Columbus, 43*^ 
W. It contains 1 store, and 8 or 10 dwellings. 

Woodstock, p-t., Lenawee co., Mich., 73 w. 
s. w. Detroit, 533 W. Drained by head branch- 
es of Raisin r. It has a number of ponds, and a 
considerable lake on its s. border. It has 4 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $5,750. 3 sch. 80 schol- 
ars. Pop. 674. 

Woodstown, p-v., Pilesgrove t., Salem co., 
N. J., 53 s. Trenton," 164 W. Situated on the n. 
fork of Salem cr., and contains 3 churches — 1 
Baptist, 1 Friends, and 1 African Methodist — 6 
stores, 150 dwellings, and about 700 inhabitants. 
In the neighborhood are valuable marl beds. 

WooDSViLLE, p-v., Middlesex co., Mass. 

WooDsviLLE, p-v., Hopewell t., Mercer co., N. 
J., 10 s.Flemington, 13 n. Trenton, 179 W. It 
has an elevated situation, commanding a fine 
prospect, and contains 1 store, and 8 or 10 dwell- 
ings. The surrounding country is well cultivated. 

WooDviLLE, p-v., Litchfield co., Ct., 39 w. 
Hartford, 320 W. 

WooDviLLE, p-v., Elli.sburg t., Jefferson co., 
N. Y., 171 N. w. Albany, 399 W. It contains 1 
Pre.sbyterian church, 2 stores, 1 grist m., 2 saw 
m., 25 dwellings, and about 150 inhabitants. 

WooDviLLE, p-v., Rappahannock co., Va., 118 
N. w. Richmond, 85 W. 

WooDviLLE, p-v., Perquiman's co., N. C, 205 
E. N. E. Raleigh, 293 W. It contains about 75 
inhabitants. 

WooDviLLE, p-v., Abbeville dist., S. C, 93 
w. Columbia, 525 W. 

WooDviLLE, p-v., Greene co., Ga., 55 n. Mil- 
ledgeville, 604 W. 

WooDviLLE, p-v., Jackson co., Ala., 163 n. e. 
Tuscaloosa, 688 W. 

WooDviLLE, p-t., Sandusky co., O., 120 n. s. 
w. Columbus, 433 W. Situated on the s. side of 
Portage r. It has 7 sch. 260 scholars. Pop. 486. 

WooDviLLE, p-v., Jackson co., la., 74 s. In- 
dianapolis, 601 W. 

WooDviLLE, p-v., Hancock co., 111., 106 vv. N. 
w. Springfield, 884 W. 

WooDviLLE, p-v., capital of Wilkinson co., 
Miss., 135 s. w. Jackson, 1,145 W. It contains 
a court house, jail, market house, a bank, 2 
academies, 3 churches — 1 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, 
and 1 Methodist — and about 800 inhabitants. A 
railroad 29 ms. long connects it with St. Fran- 
cisville, on the Mississippi r. 

WooDViLLE, p-v., Macon co.. Mo., 96 n. by 
w. Jefferson City, 979 W. 

WooDw.\RDsviLLE, p-o., Schroon t., Essex co., 
N. Y., 101 N. Albany, 476 W. 

WooDW.\R»sviLLE, p-0., Marcngo co., Ala., 
104 s. by w. Tuscaloosa, 916 W 



WOR 



741 



WOR 



WooDWORTHs, p-0., Granville co., N.C., 61 n. 
Raleigh, 236 W. 

Woolwich, p-t., Lincoln co., Me., 35 s. Au- 
gusta, 580 W. Bounded w. by Kennebec r., 
which affords gfreat facilities for navigation. It 
has 2 small streams, and a pond near its centre, 
which has its outlet into Kennebec r. It has 2 
stores, cap. $850; 1 fulling m., 2 tanneries, 4 saw 
m. Pop. 1.416. 

Woolwich, t., Gloucester co., N. J., 11 s. w. 
Woodbury. Bounded n. w. by Delaware r. 
The surface is level ; soil, sandy, with pine forest 
on the s. e. Drained by Pepaups, Little Timber, 
Racoon, and Oldman's creeks. It contains the 
villages of Swedesboro' and Battentown. It has 
9 stores, cap. $28,400 ; 1 lumber yard, cap. 
$3,000 ; 2 fulling m., 2 woollen fac, 5 grist m., 
4 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $25,500. 12 sell. 
943 scholars. Pop. 3,676. 

WooNsocKET Falls, p-v., Smithfield t.. Pro- 
vidence CO., R. I., 15 N. N. w. Providence, 414 
W. Situated on the falls of Blackstone r., 
where it descends 20 feet, within a short distance, 
over a precipice of rocks, affording a great water 
power. The v. lies partly in Cumberland t., 
which is on the opposite side of the r., where is 
a Baptist church. There is an Episcopal church 
on the s. side of the r. The v. contains 16 cot- 
ton and 2 satinet fac. with 1,268 looms, 50,826 
Bp., employing 1,162 hands, producing 9,739,717 
yds. of cloth annually; of which 5,645,000 were 
cotton prints, 3,117,000 cotton sheeting, 156,000 
satinet, 364,000 jean, 62,400 negro cloth, 584,000 
flannel. It contains a bank, and about 2,500 in- 
habitants. The Blackstone canal passes through 
the v. 

WoosTER, p-t., capital of Wayne co., O., 51 s. 
by w. Cleveland, 93 n. e. by n. Columbus, 344 
W. The v. is situated in the forks of Killhuck 
and Apple creeks, a little above their junction, and 
contains a court house, jail, county offices, a 
bank, a U. States land office, 5 churches — 1 
Presbyterian, 1 Covenanters, 1 Baptist, 1 Dutch 
Reformed, and 1 Methodist — 25 stores, 3 printing 
offices, 1 arad. 25 students, 2 sch. 64 scholars, 
1.50 dwellings, and 1,913 inhabitants. There 
are in the t. 29 stores, cap. $68,200 ; 7 tanneries, 
1 distillery, 2 printing offices, 2 weekly news- 
papers, 8 flouring m., 1 grist m., 1 1 saw m., 1 oil 
m. Cap. in manufac. $21,705. Pop. 1,207. 

Worcester, county, Mass. Situated in the 
central part of the slate, and contains 1,.500 sq. 
ms., being the largest co. in the stale. The sur- 
face is undulating; soil, generally strong and 
productive Watered by Blackstone, Quinne- 
baug, Nashua, Ware, 3Iiller's, and Mill rivers, 
which afford extensive water power. The Black- 
stone canal extends through its s. part from Wor- 
cester to Providence ; and the railroad from 
Boston, through Springfield to Albany, runs 
through it from E. to w., and at Worcester is 
met by the Norwich and Worcester railroad. 
Capital, Worcester. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 67,666, sheep 26,128, swine 26,272 ; wheat 
45,759 bush, produced, rye 84,914, Ind. corn 
372,591, buckwheat 13,871, barley 54,254, oats 
375,471, potatoes 1,146,092, tobacco 15,t)00 
pounds ; 299 stores, cap. $1,049,045 ; 4 furnaces, 
1 forge, 74 fulling m., 42 woollen fac, 71 cotton 
fac. 137,358 sp., 58 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 
brewery, 2 powder m., 6 flouring m., 144 grist m., 
320 savv m., 15 paper fac, 10 printing oflices, 1 
periodical, 6 weekly newspapers. Cap. in manu- 
fac. $4,061,344. 23 acad. 1,242 students, 549 
sch. 24,496 scholars. Pop. 95,313. 

Worcester, county, Md. Situated in the s. 
E. part of the state, and contains 700 sq. ms. 



The surface is level ; soil, sandy. Bounded s. 
E. by the Atlantic, and on the w. by Chesapeake 
bay. Drained by Pocomoke r. and its branches. 
Several islands extend along its coast, and en- 
close Sinepuxent bay. Capital, Snow Hill. 
There were in 1840, neat cattle 14,765, sheep 
14,924, swine 19,900 ; wheat 20,679 bush, pro- 
duced, Ind. corn 487,142, oats 161,752, potatoes 
35,441 ; 45 stores, cap. $257,600 ; 5 tanneries, 24 
grist m., 15 savv m. (^ap. in manufac. $51,650. 
4 acad. 212 students, 24 sch. 600 scholars. Pop. 
wliites 11.765, slaves, 3,539, free col'd 3,173; 
total, 18,377. 

Worcester, p-t., Washington co., Vt., 31 e. 
Burlington, 8 n. Montpelier, 524 W. The sur- 
foce is uneven, and in the w. mountainous ; soil, 
adapted to grazing, and fertile along the streams. 
Watered by tlie n. branch of Onion or Winooski 
r., which affords water power. It contains a 
Congregational church, and Freewill Baptists 
and Methodists. Chartered in 1763, first settled 
in 1797. It has 1 grist m., 2 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $1,600. 7 sch. 175 scholars. Pop. 587. 

Worcester, p-t., capital of Worcester co., 
Mass., 39 N. N. \v* Providence, 42 w. by s. Bo.s- 
lon, 524 W. Pop. 1830, 4,172 ; 1840, 7,497. The 
surface of the tovvTi is agreeably diversified, and 
the soil is generally fertile and well cultivated. 
The village is one of the largest and finest of the 
inland towns of New England. The houses, 
many of which are elegant, and of brick, are 
chiefly on 1 broad street, a mile in length. It con- 
tains a fine court house, which cost $20,000, 4 
banks, 7 churches — 3 Congregational, 1 Unita- 
rian, 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, and 1 Roman Ca- 
tholic — and the hall of the American Anti- 
quarian Society, containing its library of 6,000 
volumes of rare and valuable books, and its re- 
spectable cabinet, and the Massachuseiis Lunatic 
Asylum, with its spacious and coiiiiiindioas edi- 
fice. Worcester enjoys great facilities for com- 
munication and for trade. Tlie Blackstone canal 
connects it with Providence, and cost ,$.500,000. 
The railroad from Boston to Springfield and Al- 
bany passes through the place ; and a railroad to 
Norwich, Connecticut, is connected with steam- 
boats, forming a daily communication with New 
York city, which renders Worcester one of the 
greatest tlioroughfares in the country, and can- 
not but add to its growth and prosperity. It is 
surrounded by a fertile and well cultivated coun- 
try. It had in 1840, 90 stores, capital $413,000; 
machinery produced to the value of .$90,000; 1 
furnace, 1 woollen fac. capital $40,000 ; 1 cotton 
fac. 1,672 sp., 2 grist m., 2 saw m., 2 paper fac, 4 
printing offices, 4 weekly newspapers, 1 periodi- 
cal. Capital in manufac. .$400,000. 3 acad. 120 
students, 30 sch. 1,488 scholars. 

Worcester, p-t., Otsego co., N. Y., 57 s. w. 
Albany, 371 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, sandy 
loam. Drained by Charlotte r. and its tributa- 
ries. The v. contains 2 churches, 3 stores, 2 grist 
m., 1 tannery, 30 dwellings, and about 200 in- 
habitants. Tliere are in the t. 6 stores, capital 
$16,700; 2 fniling m., 1 tannery, 4 grist m., 16 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $25,290. 10 sch. 590 
scholars. Pop. 2,390. 

Worcester, p-t., Montgomery co.. Pa., 89 E. 
Harrisburg, 162 W. It has 2 stores, cap. $6,500 ; 
1 tannery. Cap. in manufac. $1,300. Pop. 1,200. 

Worcester, p-v., 31cDonough co., 111., 98 n. 
w. Springfield, 871 W. 

WoRMLEY, p-o., Eaton t., Steuben co., N. Y., 
223 w. by s. Albany, 297 W. 

WoRTHiNGTON, p-t., Hampshire co., Mass., 17 
w. N. w. Northampton, 112 w. Boston, 395 W. 
The surface is elevated and uneven, being on the 



WUR 



742 



WYS 



Green mountain range ; soil, strong and produc- 
tive. Drained by Westfield r. and its branches. 
It has a Congregational church near the centre, 
and a Methodist in the s. E. part. Incorporated 
in 1763. It has 7 stores, cap. $9,900 ; 1 fulling 
rn., 2 tanneries, 3 grist m., 7 saw ra. Capital in 
manufac. $19,9,50. 1 acad. 155 students, 11 sch. 
429 scholars. Pop. 1,197. 

Worth iNGTON, p-v., Armstrong eo., Pa., 189 
W. Ilarrisburg, 243 W. 

WoRTHiNGTON, p-v., Sharon t., Franklin cc, 
O., 9 N. Columbus, 402 W. Situated on the e. 
bank of Olentangy or Whetstone r., a branch of 
Scioto r. The v. plat contains 210 acres. It has 
10 streets running n. and s. parallel to each other, 
and to the r., cros.sed by 7 streets at righi angles 
with them. It contains 3 churches — 1 Presbyte- 
rian, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Methodist — a Universal- 
ist congregation, an academy, and a college, the 
medical department of which only is in opera- 
tion, with 4 professors. It is conducted on " the 
reformed .system." It has 5 stores, 1 college 25 
students, 1 acad. 50 students, 2 sch. 40 scholars. 
Pop. 440. 

WoRTHiNGTON, t., Richlandco., O. It has 577 
scholars in schools. Pop. 1,842. 

WoRTHiNGTON, p-v., JVIuhlenburg cc, Ky., 172 
s. w. by w. Frankibrt, 7 14 W. 

Wrkntham, p-t., Norfolk co., Mass., 32 s. s. w. 
Boston, 418 W. The surface is diversified ; soil, 
moderately good. Drained by branches of Charles, 
Taunton, and Neponset rs., which aflford water 
power. Two ponds, near the centre, have their 
outlet N. into Charles river. The v. in the n. w. 
part contains 2 Congregational churches. In South 
Wrentham is a Congregational church, an acade- 
my, a bank, and about 45 dwellings. Incorpora- 
ted in 1763. There are in the t. 6 stores, capital 
$10,500 ; 4 cotton fac. 3,500 sp., 3 grist m., 10 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $46,825. 1 acad. 150 stu- 
dents, 18 sch. 767 scholars. Pop. 2,915. 

Wright, county. Mo. Situated toward the 
S. w. part of the state, and contains 1,730 sq. ms. 
Drained by head branches of Gasconade river, a 
tributary of Missouri r. Capital, Hartville. 

Wrightsborough, p-v., Columbia co., Ga., 95 
E. N. E. Milledgeville, 613 W. Situated on a 
branch of Little r., which flows into Savannah r., 
and contains a church, an academy, and 30 dwell- 
ings. 

Wrightsborough, p-o., St. Lawrence cc, N. 
Y., 233 N. w. Albany, 500 W. 

Wright's Corners, p-o., Newfane t, Niagara 
CO., N. Y., 279 w. Albany, 406 W. 

Wright's Cross Roads, p-o., Fentress co., 
Tenn. 

Wrightstown, p-t., Bucks co., Pa., 7 s. e. 
Doylestown, 24 n. Philadelphia. The surface is 
level ; soil, clay. Bounded s. by Neshaminy cr., 
by tributaries of which it is drained. Near the 
s. e. boundary is a v., which contains a church, 
with 5 or 6 dwellings. It contains also Penn's v. 
It has 3 stores, cap. $13,000 ; 2 grist m., 1 saw m. 
Capital in manufac. $3,350. 4 sch. 118 scholars. 
Pop. 708. 

Wrightstown, p-v., Hanover t., Burlington 
CO., N. J., 23 s. Trenton, 171 W. It contains 
about 50 inhabitants. 

Wrightsvii.le, p-b., York co.. Pa., 11 n. w. 
York, 31 Harrisburg, 101 W. Situated on the w. 
side of Susquehanna river, opposite Columbia b., 
with which it is connected by a bridge 5,690 feet 
long. It contains about 80 dwellings. Pop. 672. 

Wrightsville, p-v., Roane co.,Tenn., 154 E. 
by s. Nashville, 539 W. 

Wurtsborough, p-v., Mamakating t., Sullivan 
«o., N. Y., 97 s. w. Albany, 287 W. Situated on 



the Delaware and Hudson canal. It contains 1 
Dutch Reformed and 1 Methodist church, 6 stores, 
3 storehouses, 1 tannery, 1 plaster m., 1 boat-yard, 
30 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants. 1 mile 
N. is a valuable lead mine, supposed to be inex- 
haustible. 

Wyalusing, creek. Pa., rises in Susquehanna 
CO., and flows into Susquehanna r., in Bradford 
county. 

Wyalusing, p-t., Bradford cc. Pa., 149 n. Har- 
risburg, 259 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, grav- 
elly loam. Drained by Wyalusing creek and its 
tributaries, flowing into Susquehanna r. It has 
7 stores, capital .$23,200 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen 
fac, 4 grist m., 12 saw m. Cap. in manufactures 
$19,550. 6 sch. 318 scholars. Pop. 1,400. 

Wyandot, county, Mich. Situated in the N. 
part of the peninsula, and contains 476 sq. miles. 
It has 3 considerable lakes, which receive Che- 
boygan and Skooawargurmish rs., and other con- 
siderable streams, and discharge their waters into 
the straits of Mackinaw, opposite to Bois Blanc 
island. 

Wyandot, p-o., Marion co., O., 61 n. Colum- 
bus, 416 W. 

Wyatt, p-v., Lafayette cc. Miss., 174 n. n. e. 
Jackson, 912 W. Situated on the n. side of Tai- 
lahatchee r., and contains about 200 inhabitants. 

Wye Mills, p-o., Talbot co., Md., 31 e. by s 
Annapolis, 71 W. Situated on Wye r. 

Wykertown, p-v., Sussex co., N. J., 80 n. 
Trenton, 249 W. 

Wye, river, Md., separates Talbot and Queen 
Anne counties, and flows into the e. side of Ches- 
apeake bay. 

Wvlliesburg, p-c, Charlotte co., Va., 106 s. 
w. Richmond, 204 W. 

Wynant's Kill, p-v., Greenbush t., Rensse- 
laer CO., N. Y., 10 E. Albany, 380 W. It con- 
tains 1 Dutch Reformed church, 2 stores, 1 tan- 
nery, and about 15 dwellings. 

Wynant's Kill, or creek, N. Y., rises in Sand 
Lake t., forming the outlet of several small lakes, 
and affords good water power. 

Wyoming, county, N. Y. Situated toward the 
w. part of the state, and contains 500 square ms. 
Taken from Genesee co. in 1841. The surface 
is undulating ; soil, moist, sandy, or gravelly 
loam, and very fertile. Drained by Allen's and 
Tonawanda crs., and crossed in its s. w. part by 
Cattaraugus cr., and in its s. E. angle by Genesee 
river. Capital, Warsaw. 

Wyoming, county. Pa. Situated in the n. e. 
part of the state, and contains 480 sq. ms. Taken 
from Luzerne co. in 1841. Drained by Susque- 
hanna river and its branches. Capital, Tunk- 
hannock. 

Wyoming, p-v., Middlebury t., Wyoming cc, 
N. Y., 248 w. Albany, 366 W. Situated on Al- 
len's cr., and contains 1 Presbyterian, 1 Baptist, 
and 1 Methodist church, an academy, 4 st«<-es, 90 
dwellings, and about 600 inhabitants. 

Wyo.miivg, p-v., Luzerne co.. Pa., 131 n. E. 
Harrisburg, 236 W. Situated on the w. side of 
the Susquehanna r., and contains about 200 in- 
habitants. 

Wyoming, p-o., Jackson co., Mich., 85 w. De- 
troit, 555 W. 

Wyoming, p-v., Dmwiddie cc, Va., 59 s. Rich- 
mond, 178 W. 

Wyoming, p-v., Starke co., EL, 101 n. Spring- 
field, 815 W. Situated on the E. .side of Spoon 
r., and contains about 75 inhabitants. 

Wyoming, p-v., Wayne co.,Iowa. 

Wysox. p-t., Bradford co.. Pa., 136 N. Harris- 
burg, 246 W. The surface is hilly ; soil, gravel- 
ly loam. Drained by Rumfield and Wysox crs. 



YAN 



743 



YAT 



It has 7 stores, cap. $27,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 wool- 
len fac, 1 tannery, 3 grist m., 11 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $31,385 Pop. 1,871. 

Wythk, county, Va. Situated toward the s. 
w. part ol' the state, and contains 700 square m.s. 
Drained by New river and its branches, and by 
branches of Holston r. The surface is an eleva- 
ted table land, from 1,600 to 2,000 feet above the 
level of the sea. Capital, Wytheville. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 13,530, sheep 10,782, 
swine 22,739 ; wheat 85,G02 bush, produced, rye 
47,020, lad. corn 233,793, buckwheat 12,639, oats 



152,446, potatoes 38,307, sugar 13,743 pounds; 15 
stores, cap. $173,000; 1 fulling m., 13 tanneries, 
38 distilleries, 2 powder m., 2 flouring m., 38 grist 
m., 25 saw m., 1 oil m., 1 printing office, 1 week- 
ly newspaper. Capital in manufac. $72,051. 1 
acad. 40 students, 12 schools 269 scholars. Pop. 
whites 7,632, slaves 1,618, free col'd 123 ; total, 
9,375. 

Wytheville, p-v., Wythe co., Va., 248 vv. 
Richmond, 316 W. Situated on a small branch 
of New r., and contains a court house, jail, and 
about 450 inhabitants. 



X. 



Xenia, p-t., capital of Greene co.,'0., 61 w. s. 
w. Columbus, 454 W. The t. is large and popu- 
lous. Drained by Little Miami r. and its branches, 
and by Cesar's cr. The v. is situated on Shaw- 
nee cr., 3 ms. from its entrance into Little Miami 
r. It is regularly laid out, with streets crossing 
each other at rigiit angles, and contains a court 
house and county offices of brick, a jail of stone. 



4 churches in the v. and immediate 'vicinity, 10 
stores, and about 1,200 inhabitants. It has many 
hi#dsome dwellings, and is surrounded by a 
highly cultivated country. The t. has 18 stores, 
cap. $70,500 ; 1 fulling m., 1 woollen fac, 1 distil- 
lery, 3 printing offices, 3 weekly newspapers, 5 
flouring m., 8 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $17,380. 
II sch. 297 scholars. Pop. 4,913. 



Y. 



Yadkin, r., N. C, risesin the Alleghany moun- 
tains on the E. side, and flows e. and s. e. into S. 
C, and in its lower part it takes the name of 
Great Pedee, until it falls into Winyavv bay, near 
GeorgetowTi. In Montgomery co., N. C, it pass- 
es through the Narrows, occasioned by mountains 
on each side, where it is contracted from 200 yds. 
wide to about 30 ; and a few miles below it re- 
ceives Rocky r., below which it becomes the 
Great Pedee. By a canal around the narrows, 
and clearing obstructions from the r., it might be 
made navigable for boats of 10 tons from Wilkes- 
boro', in the mountains, to Cheraw, S. C, a dis- 
tance of 247 miles. 

Yalabusha, county, Miss. Situated centrally 
toward the n. part of the stale, and contains 720 
s(j. ms. Drained by Yalabu.sha r. and its branch- 
es. Capital, Coffeeville. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 14,976, sheep 4,298, swine 33,512; 
wheat 14,953 bush, produced, Ind. corn 543,635, 
oats 32,660, potatoes 27,739, tobacco 4,110 pounds, 
cotton 4,030,644; 1 commission house, capital 
$3,000 ; 23 stores, cap. $109,600 ; 5 tanneries, 2 
distilleries, 1 flouring m., 44 grist m., 13 saw m., 

1 printing oflice, 1 weekly newspaper. Cap. in 
manufac. $71,930. 2 acad. 65 students, 21 sch. 
558 scholars. Pop. whites 6,440, slaves 5,601, 
Iree col'd 7 ; total, 12,248. 

Yancev, county, N. C. Situated in the w. 
part of the state, and contains 1,760 sq. ms. It 
contains the highest land in the United States, K. 
of the Rocky mts. Black mt. is elevated 6,476 
feet above the ocean. It has a copperas mine. 
Drained by Nolachucky r. anil its branches. 
Capital, Burnsville. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 5,585, sheep 5,041, swine 18,718 ; wheat 
6,320 bush, produced, rye 2,8 18, Ind. corn 405,390, 
oats 33,670, potatoes 89,731, tobacco 4,830 pounds, 

2 forges, 42 grist m., 3 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$1,.500. Pop. whites 5,631, slaves 254, free col'd 
27 ; total, 5,962. 

Yancey's Mills, p-o., Albemarle co., Va., 101 
w. N. w. Richmond, 136 W. 

Yanceyville, p-v., capital of Caswell co., N. 
C, 87 N. w. Raleigh, 263 W. It contains a court 
house, jail, and 250 inhabitants. 

Yankee Springs, p-t ., Barry co., Mich., 150 
w. Detroit, 615 W. Pop. 130. 

Y ANTIC, r., Ct., rises in Lebanon, and falls into 
Thames r., at Norwich city, through a cove 
which sets up 1 m. from the r. At its mouth it 



falls over a ledge of granite rocks, where circular 
holes 5 or 6 feet deep are worn in the rocks by 
stones whirled round in them by the force of the 
water. At the foot of the falls on the w. side is 
a rocky bank 60 or 80 feet high, prryecting over 
the stream, from which the Mohegan Indians 
formerly phmged to destruction, wlien pursued 
by their enemies, the Narragan.sets. The falls 
here afford excellent water power, where are 
many mills and manufactories. 

Yardleyville, p-v., Makefield t., Bucks co., 
Pa., 18 s. E. Doylestown, 128 v.. Harrishurg, 168 
W. Situated on the w. bank of Delaware r., and 
contains 2 stores, 1 grist m., 1 saw m., and about 
25 dwellings. A ferry here crosses Delaware 
river. 

Yardleyville, p-o., Mercer co., N. J., 6 e. 
Trenton, 172 W. 

Yak.mouth, p-t., Barnstable co., Mass., 78 s. 
E. Boston, 479 W. It extends across Cape Cod. 
The soil is sandy and sterile. Incorporated in 
1639. It has 2 villages. South Yarmouth v. is 
situated on Bass r., and contains 3 churches — 1 
Congregational, 1 Baptist, and 1 Friends — and ex- 
tensive salt works. It has a number of vessels 
employed in the cod and mackerel fisheries, and 
the coasting trade. There are in the t. 13 stores, 
ca|). .$40,700 ; 1 tannery, 1 printing ofHce, 1 week- 
ly newspaper, 6 grist m. Cap. in manufactures 
$24,700. 1 acad. 43 students, 13 sch. 627 schol- 
ars. Pop. 2,554. 

Yar.mouth Port, p-v., Yarmouth t., Barnsta- 
ble CO., Mass., 77 s. e. Boston, 478 W. Situated 
on a branch of Cape Cod bay, and contains 1 
Congregational and 1 Methodist church, a bank, 
and a printing office, issuing a weekly news- 
paper. 

Yates, county, N. Y. Situated w. of the cen- 
tre of the state, and contains 320 sq. ms. Seneca 
lake bounds it on the E., and Canandaigua lake 
on the N. w. Crooked lake enters its s. part, and 
has its outlet through it into Seneca lake, afTord- 
ing good water power. The surface is pleasantly 
diversified ; soil, clay, and a warm, fertile mold, 
producing grain and fruits abundantly. Organ- 
ized in 1823. Crooked Lake canal connects that 
lake with Seneca lake, and thus with the Erie 
canal. Capital, Penn Yan. There were in 1840, 
neat cattle 16,989, sheep 86,876, swine 18,475 ; 
wheat 352,814 bush, produced, rye 2,102, Indian 
corn 104,066, buckwheat 20,891, barley 30,994, 



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oats 1C2,483, potatoes 170,318, hops 2,000 pounds, 
sugar 39,384; 51 stores, cap. $162,635; 3 fur- 
naces, 14 fulling m., 3 woollen fac, 8 tanneries, 
2 distilleries, 7 flouring in., 13 grist m., 62 saw m., 
1 oil m., 2 printing oflfic.es, 1 periodical, 2 weelvly 
newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $313,872. ir2 
sch. 6,207 scholars. Pop. 20,444. 

Yates, p-t., Orleans co., N. Y., 12 n. Albion, 
266 w. by n. Albany, 409 W. The surface 
is level; soil, sandy and clay loam. Drained 
by Johnson's cr., and otlier small streams flowing 
into Lake Ontario, which bounds it on the n. It 
has 5 stores, cap. $17,550 ; 1 fulling m., 1 furnace, 

1 tannery, 1 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. 
$15,950. 14 sch. 663 scholars. Pop. 2,230. 

Yatesville, p-0., Potter t., Yates co., N. Y., 
197 w. Albany, 330 W. 

Yatesville, p-o., Lunenburg co., Va., 8^s. 
w. Richmond, 208 W. 

Yazoo, r., Miss., formed by the junction of 
Tallahatchee and Yalabusha rivers, in Carroll 
CO., and flows s. s. w. into the Mississippi r., 12 
ms. above the Walnut Hills. It receives Sun 
Flower r., a considerable branch from the n. It 
is navigal3le for 50 ms. for large boats, in high 
stages of the water, and is 100 yards wide at its 
mouth. 

Yazoo, county. Miss. Situated w. of the cen- 
tre of the state, and contains 650 sq. ras. Bound- 
ed by Yazoo r. on the n. w., and by Big Black r. 
on the s. e., and drained by branches of both. 
Capital, Benton. There were in 1840, neat cat- 
tle 19,032, sheep 2,636, swine 30,179 ; wheat 834 
bush, produced, rye 1,746, Indian corn 536,340, 
oats 81,035, potatoes 139,964, rice 7,350 pounds, 
tobacco 2,705, cotton 12,085,802 ; 9 commission 
houses, cap. $12,000; 24 stores, cap. $183,616; 

2 grist m., 3 saw m , 2 printing offices, 2 weekly 
newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $14,305. 11 sch. 
255 scholars. Pop. whites 3,116, slaves 7,339, 
free col'd 25 ; total, 10,480. 

Yazoo City, p-v., Yazoo co., Miss., 60 n. w. 
Jackson, 1,029 W. Situated on the e. side of 
Yazoo r., and contains several stores, and about 
700 inhabitants. 

Yell, county, Ark. Situated toward the n. w. 
part of the state, and contains 936 square miles. 
Drained by Petite Jean, and other tributaries of 
Arkansas r., wiiich last runs on its n. e. border. 
Capital, Danville. 

Yellow Branch, p-o., Campbell co., Va., 130 
W.Richmond, 208 W. 

Yellow Creek, p-o., Northampton t., Sum- 
mit CO., O., 135 N. e. Columbus, 343 W. Situated 
in Niles v., on the w. side of Cuyahoga r., on tiie 
Ohio canal. 

Yellow Creek, t, Columbiana co., O. It 
contains Wellsviile v. Pop. 805. 

Yellow Creek, p-o., Knox co., Ky., 146 s. e. 
Frankfort, 492 W. 

Yellow Creek, p-t., Cliariton co.. Mo., Ill n. 
w. JefTerson City, 1,005 W. Pop. 338. 

Yellow Creek Furnace, p-o., Montgomery 
CO., Tenn., 36 w. n. w. Nashville, 747 Washuig- 
ton. 

Yellow Springs, p-o., Huntingdon co., Pa., 
106 w. Harri,sburg, 162 W. 

Yellow Springs, p-v., Miami t., Greene co., 
O., 52 s. w. Columbus, 445 W. Here is a sul- 
phur spring, much resorted to as a watering 
place, having a commodious hotel and numerous 
cottages, spread over green lawns and delightful 
groves. 

Yellow Springs, p-o., Claiborne co., Tenn., 
233 E. Nashville, 472 W. 

Yellow Springs, p-o., Johnson co., la., 16 s. 
Indianapolis, 580 W. 



Yellow Springs, p-o., Harapsliire co., Va., 
169 N. N. w. Richmond, 97 W. 

Yellow Spring, p-o., Des Moines co., Iowa. 

Yellow Stone, p-o., Hawkins co., Tenn., 
254 e. Nashville, 428 W. 

Yellow Water, r., Ala. and Flor., rises in 
Covington co., Ala., and flows s. s. w. into 
Flor., through wliich it passes, and enters an arm 
of Pensacola bay. 

Yellville, p-v., capital of Marion co.. Ark., 
180 N. Little Rock, 1,106 W. Situated on the n. 
E. side of a brancli of White r., and contains a 
court house, jail, and about 75 inhabitants. 

Yelvington, p-v., Daviess co., Ky., 156 w. 
by s. Frankfort, 683 W. 

Yocumtown, p-v., York co.. Pa., 21 s. Har- 
risburg, 113 W. 

Youngesville, p-v., Fairfield dist., S. C, 41 
N. Columbia, 468 W. Situated on Little r., and 
contains about 75 inhabitants. 

Yonkers, p-t., Westchester co., N. Y., 132 s. 
Albany, 242 W. The surface is uneven and 
broken ; soil, clay and sandy loam, generally 
well cultivated. Watered by Bronx and Saw 
Mill rivers, flowing into ?Iudson r., which bounds 
it on the w. The v. is situated on the e. side of 
Hudson r., at the mouth of Saw Mill r., and con- 
tains 1 Episcopal and 1 Methodist church, a 
female seminary, beautifully situated, 5 stores, 1 
grist m., several sawm., 60 dwellings, and about 
400 inhabitants. Steamboats land and receive 
passengers here daily. It is surrounded by fine 
scenery. There are in the t. 3 acad. 75 students, 
5 sch. 210 scholars. Pop. 2,968. 

York, r., Me. A short stream in York county, 
which enters the Atlantic by a broad mouth 
which afl'ords a good harbor, for 7 or 8 ms., with 
a depth of water sufficient for vessels of 200 tons 
burden. 

York, r., Va. Formed by the junction of Pa- 
mmikey and Mattapony rivers. Its lower part 
forms a bay, generally 2 or 3 ms. wide, until it 
enters Chesapeake bay, between York and 
Gloucester counties. At Yorktown, where it is 
contracted to 1 m. wide, it forms tlie best harbor 
in Va., and it is navigable for large vessels 20 
miles above this. It is about 120 miles long to 
its remote sources. 

York, county, 3Ie. Situated in the s. w. 
part of the state, and contains 818 square miles. 
The surface is uneven and rough; soil, hard and 
rocky on the coast, but more fertile in the interior. 
The Atlantic bounds it on the s. e., along which 
are fine harbors, and several lighthouses. Capi- 
tal, Alfred. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
50,010, sheep 69,477, swine 14,391 ; wheat 55,886 
bushels produced, rye 23,140, Ind. corn 230,650, 
buckwheat 6,046, barley 40,670, oats 102,413, 
potatoes 1,123,441, sugar 26,084; 245 stores, cap. 
$313,150; 2 lumber yards, cap. $2,500; 22 full- 
ing m., 7 woollen fac, 5 cotton fac. 25,736 spin- 
dles, 101 tanneries, 6 potteries, 4 printing offices, 
4 weekly newspapers, 90 grist m,. 157 saw m., 2 
oil m. Cap. in manufac. $1,604,425. Pop. 54,034. 

York, county, Pa. Situated in the s., toward 
the E. part of the state, and contains 864 sq. ms. 
Susquehanna r. runs on its n. e. border. Drain- 
ed by Cadorus, Cone wago, and Yellow Breeches 
creeks. The surface is uneven ; soil, generally 
very fertile. Capital, York. There were in 
1840, neat cattle 34,425, sheep 36,.347, swine 
56,297; wheat 357,515 bushels produced, ryo 
363,886, Indian corn 600,822, barley 1,714, oats 
597,044, buckwheat 12,999, potatoes 172,246, to- 
bacco 162,748 lbs. ; 159 stores, cap. $528,575 ; 17 
lumber yards, cap. $90,000; 7 fulling m., 10 
woollen fac, 53 tanneries, 216 distilleries, 4 



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breweries, 9 potteries, 4 paper fac, 6 printing of- 
fices, 7 weekly newspapers, 7 flouring m., 132 
grist m., 104 saw m., 9 oil m. Cap. in manufac. 
$990,010. 2 acad. 50 students, 130 sch. 3,749 
scholars. Pop. 47,010. 

York, county, Va. Situated in the s. e. part 
of the state, and contains 150 sq. nis. Chesa- 
peake bay bounds it on the s. E., and York r. on 
the N. E. The soil is generally fertile. Capital, 
Yorktown. It has 6 sch. 170 scholars. Pop. 
4,720. 

York, dist., S. C. Sit-.iated in the n. part of 
the state, and contains 800 sq. ms. Watered by 
Catawba r., which hounds it on the s. E., and 
Broad r., which bounds it on the w. Drained 
by branches of these rivers, the chief of which 
are Turkey, Bullocks, King's, and Buffalo creeks. 
The surface consists of plains, inclining to Ca- 
tawba and Broad rivers. Capital, Yorkville. 
There were in 1840, neat cuttle 13,695, sheep 
7,949. swine 24,021 ; wheat 64,021 bushels pro- 
duced, rye 44,7.38, Ind. corn 478,833, oats 44,148, 
potatoes 12,175, rice 5,200 lbs., tobacco 3,942, cot- 
ton 866,594 ; 14 stores, cap. $96,500 ; 3 tanneries, 
24 distilleries, 1 pottery, 1 printing office, 1 weekly 
newspaper, 6 flouring m., 21 grist m., 15 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $37,428. 1 acad. 33 students, 
29 sch. 679 scholars. Pop. 18^383. 

York, p-t., port of entry, York co.. Me., 45 s. 
w. by s. Portland, 92 s. w. Augusta, 502 W. On 
the seacoast the surface is rocky and rough ; 
soil, barren, but fertile near tlie v. Watered by 
York r., which enters the Atlantic by a wide 
mouth, and Cape Neddock r. Agamenlicus mt. 
lies in its ."v. vv. part, a noted landmark for sea- 
men, the summit of wiiich presents an extensive 
prospect. Incorporated in 1653. The v. is situ- 
ated on the N. side of York r., one mile from the 
sea, formerly the capital of the eo., has a good 
harbor, which admits vessels of 250 tons, and is 
regularly laid out, with streets crossing each 
other at right angles. It has some shipping, em- 
ployed chiefly in the fisheries. It was originally 
designed for a large city, but has not equalled the 
expectations of its early founders. On Cape Ned- 
dock, a rocky promontory, on the s. side of a 
river of the same name, in the town, is a light- 
house. It has 11 stores, cap. .§7,750; 2 fulling 
m., 1 tannery, 5 grist m., 5 saw m. Cap. in man- 
ufac. $2,975. 866 scholars in schools. Pop. 
3,111. 

York, p-t., Livingston co., N. Y., 238 w. Al- 
bany, 351 W. The surface rises 1 or 2 ms. from 
Genesee r., when it becomes level ; soil, clay 
loam, fertile in wheat, and other kinds of grain. 
Drauied by branches of Genesee r., which bounds 
it on the e. It has 12 stores, cap. 837,150; 1 
woollen fac, 2 furnaces, 2 distilleries, 3 grist m., 
5 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $34,175. 17 sch. 
1,039 scholars. Pop. 3,049. 

York, t., York co.. Pa., 5 s. w. York b. The 
surface is undulating ; soil, gravel, and not very 
fertile. It has 2 tanneries, 2 grist m., 1 saw m. 
Cap. in manufac. $4,015. Pop. 1,294. 

York, p-b., and capital of York co.. Pa., 24 s. 
Harrisburg, 90 W. It is situated in Spring Gar- 
den and Manchester ts., and on Codorus cr., on a 
plain, with streets crossing each other at right 
angles. It contains a court house and county 
offices of brick, a jail of stone, an academy of 
brick, 12 churches, belonging to Lutherans, (icr- 
man Reformed. Presbyterians, Moravians, Epis- 
copalians, Methodists, Friends, Roman Catholics, 
and African Methodists ; 3S stores, cap. $201,100 ; 
11 lumber yards, cap. $70,900; 1 woollen fac, 
5 tanneries, 3 breweries, 4 printing offices, 5 
weekly newspapers. Cap. in manufac. $129,310. 



2 acad. 50 students, 10 sch. 647 scholars. Pop. 
4,779. The poorhouse is in the vicinity of the v. 
The U. States Congress removed to this place 
when driven from Philadelphia, ui the revolu- 
tionary war. The cr. is maile navigable 11 ms. 
to the Snsquehatma r., by 8 ms. of pools and 3 
of canals, with 9 locks. The v. is supplied by 
water in pipes from a spring in the vicinity. Tliis 
place is connected with Pliiladelphia and Balti- 
more by railroads. 

York, p-v., Fayette co., Ga., 87 w. N. w. Mil- 
ledgeville, 691 W. 

York, t., Athens co., O. Drained by Ilock- 
hocking r., on which is Nelsonville v. It re- 
ceives several small tributaries, the largest of 
which is Monday cr. It has 10 sch. 191 scholars. 
Pop. 1,601. 

York, t., Belmont co., O. Bounded e. by 
Ohio r. Drauied by Captina cr., which affords 
water power. The surface is uneven ; soil, very 
fertile. It has 1 sch. 35 scholars. Pop. 1,294. 

York, t., Darke co., O. It has 1 sch. 20 scho- 
lars. Pop. 369. 

York, t., Medina co., O. It has I tannery, 2 
saw m. Cap. in manufac. $2,300. 5 sch. 152 
scholars. Pop. 781. 

York, t., Morgan co., O. It has 3 stores, cap. 
$6,500 ; 2 tanneries, 1 distillery, 1 gri.st m., 2 saw 
m. Cap. in manufac. $5,950. 6 sch. 494 scho- 
lars. Pop. 1,032. 

VoRK, t., Sandusky co., O. It has 5 sch. 189 
scholars. Pop. 1,301. 

York, t., Tuscarawas co., O. It has 1 grist m., 
6 saw m., 5 sch. 305 scholars. Pop. 865. 

York, t.. Union co., O. It has 2 sch. 70 scho- 
lars. Pop. 439. 

York, t.. Van Wert co., O. Pop. 181. 

York, p-t., Washtenaw co., Mich., 46 w. De- 
troit, 511 W. It has 1 store, cap. .$2,500; 1 tan- 
nery, 1 flouring m., 1 grist m., 4 saw m. Cap. in 
manufac. $13,600. Pop. 1,146. 

York, t., Switzerland co., la. Pop. 1,331. 

York, t., Steuben co., la. It has 1 sch. 14 
scholars. Pop. J 91. 

York, t., Noble co., la. It has 1 store, cap. 
$800 ; 1 pottery, 1 grist m., 2 saw m., 1 sch. 18 
scholars. Pop. 289. 

York, p-v., Clarke co.. III., 142 e. s. e. Spring- 
field, 676 W. Situated on the w. side of Wa- 
bash r., and contains 4 stores, 1 steam saw and 
flouring m., and about 350 injiabitants. 

York Centre, p-o., Lucas co., O., 151 N. w. 
Columbus, 482 W. 

York Haven, p-v., Newberry t., York co., Pa., 
14 s. Harrisburg, 1(X) W. Situated on the w. side 
of Susquehanna r., below Conewago falls, oppo- 
site to j'orlsmouth. 3Iuch of the descending 
trade of the r. proceeds from this place to Balti- 
more. 

York North Ridoe, p-o., Sandusky co., O., 
99 .\. Colum))us, 414 W. 

York Ridge, p-o.. Dearborn CO., la., 84 s. E. 
Indianapolis, 541) W. 

Yorkshire, p-t., Cattaraugus co., N. Y., 278 
Albany, 341 W. The surface is generally level ; 
soil, a fertile clay and gravelly loam. Drained 
by Cattaraugus cr. and its tributaries. The v. is 
situated on Cattaraugus cr., and contains 1 church, 
4 stores, 1 flouring m., 40 dwellings, and about 
.300 inhabitants. There are in the t. 2 stores, 
cap. $5,5f)0 ; 1 fulling m., 3 tanneries, 2 grist m., 
6 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $10,180. Pop. 
I 1,292. 

I York Sulphur Springs, p-v., Latimore t, 
I Adams co.. Pa., 15 s. Carlisle, 21 s. Harrisburg, 
j 89 W. The springs here are a fashionable resort 
I from Baltimore, and contain good accommodations 



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for visiters. The country around is healthy, and 
the springs possess valuable mineral properties. 

YoRKTOW.M, p-t., Westchester co., N. Y., 16 n. 
White Plains, 112 s. Albany, 275 W. The sur- 
face is hilly, and on the n. mountainous ; soil, 
generally fertile. It has several ponds, and is 
drained by Croton r. It has 10 sch. 201 scholars. 
Pop. 2,819. 

YoRKTowN, p-v., port of entry and capital of 
York CO., Va., 70 e. s. e. Richmond, 185 W. Sit- 
uated on the s. side of York cr., opposite to Glou- 
cester. It contains a court house, jail, county 
offices, 40 dwellings, some of them in a dilapi- 
dated condition, and about 300 inhabitants. It is 
memorable as the place where Lord Cornwallis 
surrendered the British army to Gen. Washing- 
ton, Oct. 19th, 1781, which event terminated the 
revolutionary war. 

YoRKTOwN, p-v., Delaware co., la., 50 n. e. 
Indianapolis, 537 W. 

YoRKviLLE, v., New York co., N. Y. Situated 
on the Harlem railroad, 5 ms. n. of the City Hall. 
It lies chiefly on two streets. It contains 2 
churches — 1 Episcopal and 1 Methodist — a fine 
public school house of brick, 2 stories high, with 
a large public library, 4 stores, 1 rope walk, 2 
extensive carriage fac, 70 dwellings, and about 
500 inhabitants. The railroad passes through the 
place in a deep cut, and in the immediate vicini- 
ty it passes through a tunnel cut through solid 
rock, 844 feet long, 24 feet wide, and 21 high. 
Prospect Hill, in the vicinity, has a fine public 
house commanding an extensive prospect. In 
the vicinity of the v. is the great receiving reser- 
voir of the Croton water-works. Stages pass 
through the place many times daily, from the 
city to Harlem. 

YoRKViLLE, p-v., capital of York dist, S. C, 
79 N. by w. Columbia, 480 W. Situated on a 
branch of Broad r., and contains a court house, 
jail, 3 churches, an academy, and about 700 in- 
habitants. 

YoRKViLLE, p-v., Pickens co., Ala., 68 w. n. 
w. Tuscaloosa, 876 W. 

Yorkville, p-v., Gibson co., Tenn., 143 w. 
Nashville, 826 W. Situated on a branch of Obion 
r., and contains about 100 inhabitants. 

Yorkville, p-v., Racine co., Wis., 96 e. s. e. 
Madison, 796 W. 

YouGH Glaues, p-0., Alleghany co., Md., 219 
w. N. w. Annapolis, 180 W. 

Youghiogheny, r., Va., Md., and Pa., rises in 
Preston co., Va., and passes through Alleghany 
CO., Md., and enters Pa. between Somerset and 
Fayette counties, and pursuing a n. n. w. course, 
it enters the Alleghany r., 18 ms. s. e. of Pitts- 
burg. Its course is through an elevated, hilly, 
and mountainous country, passing through Lau- 
rel Hills and Chesnut ridge. At the Ohiopyle 
falls, about 30 ms. from its entrance into the Al- 
leghany, it has a perpendicular descent of 20 feet, 
presenting at high water a grand and interesting 
appearance. It is navigable to these falls. 

VouNG, p-o., McDonough co., 111., 95 n. w. 
Springfield, 868 W. 

Young's, p-o., Yancey co., N. C, 238 w. Ra- 
leigh, 468 W. 



Younger.s, p o., Boone co., Mo., 45 m. Jeffer- 
son City, 930 W. 

Yoitng's Cross Roads, p-o., Granville co., N. 
C, 68 N. Raleigh, 263 W. 

Young's Cross Roads, p-o., Lauderdale co., 
Ala., 149 N. Tuscaloosa, 794 W. 

Young's Mills, p-o., Wayne t., Knox co.- O.. 
57 N. E. Columbus, 385 W. 

Young's Point, p-o., Madison par., La. 

Young's Store, p-o., Laurens dist., S. C, 86 
w. n. w. Columbia, 504 W. 

Young's Tan Yard, p-o., Washington co., 
Tenn. 

Youngston, t., Trumbull co., O. It has 10 
sch. 520 scholars. Pop. 999. 

Youngstown, p-t., port of delivery. Porter t., 
Niagara co., N. Y., 293 w. by n. Albany, 416 W. 
Situated on the e. side of Niagara r., 1 m. from 
its entrance into Lake Ontario, and contains 1 
church, 1 steam flouring m., 5 stores, 50 dwell- 
ings, and about 400 inhabitants. A ferry crosses 
the r. to Newark v., Canada. Near it is Fort 
Niagara, celebrated in the French war. . It was 
taken by the British in the late war. It has, 
since the war, been suffered to go to decay. 
Opposite to Youngstown is Fort George, in Cana- 
da. Steamboats land and receive passengers at 
this place, during the season of navigation. 

Youngstown, p-b.. Unity t., Westmoreland 
CO., Pa., 158 w. Harrisburg, 184 W. It contains 
1 Geraian church, 4 stores, 2 tanneries, 1 flouring 
m., 1 saw m. Cap. in manufac. $3,600. 1 sch. 
50 scholars. Pop. 415. 

Youngstown, p-t., Trumbull co., O., 177 n. e. 
Columbus. 290 W. Watered by Mahoning r.. Mill 
cr., and other small tributaries of the Mahoning. 
The v. is situated on the n. side of the r., on the 
Pa. and O. canal, and contains 5 stores and a 
number of dwellings. There are in the t. 9 sch. 
526 scholars. Pop. 654. 

YouNGSviLLE, p-v., Warren co.. Pa., 218 n. 
w. Harrisburg, 310 W. Situated on both sides 
of Big Broken Straw cr., 3 ms. from its mouth, 
and contains a Methodist church, 3 stores, various 
mechanic shops, 30 dwellings, and about 200 in- 
habitants. The country around is fertile and 
well cultivated. 

YouNGsviLLE, p-v., Tallapoosa co., Ala., 139 
E. s. E. Tuscaloosa, 806 W. It contains about 75 
inhabitants. 

Young Womanstown, p-v., Chapman t., Clin- 
ton CO., Pa., 134 N. Harrisburg, 226 W. Situated 
on the N. side of the Susquehanna r., and con- 
tains about 40 inhabitants. 

YrsiLANTi, p-t., Washtenaw co., Mich., 30 w. 
by s. Detroit, 517 W. Watered by Huron r. and 
Stony cr. 'Plie v. is situated on the w. side of 
Huron r.. and contains 3 churches — 1 Episcopal, 
1 Presbyterian, and 1 Methodist — an academy, 10 
stores, 3 flouring m., 3 saw m., 1 woollen fac, 2 
carding machines, 1 iron foundry, 1 tannery, 300 
dwellings, and about i,5il}0 inhabitants. It is con- 
nected with Detroit by the Central railroad. The 
r. here affords good water power. There are in 
the t. 16 stores, cap. §16,850; 1 furnace, 1 distil- 
lery, 4 flouring m., 3 grist m., 9 saw ra. Cap. in 
manufac. $169,335. Pop. 2,419. 



z. 



Zachery's Store, p-o., Newton co., Ga., 63 
N. w. ftDlledgeville, 655 W. 

Zanesfield, p-v., Logan co., O., 64 n. w. Co- 
lumbus, 451 W. Situated on a head branch of 
Mad r., and contains about 150 inhabitants. 

Zanesville, p-t., capital of Muskingum co. 



on the E. side of Musldngum r., opjwsite to the 
mouth of Licking r., on the national road. It con- 
tains an elegant court house, a jail, county offices, 
a market house, 2 banking houses, 2 academies, 
an athensBUm, with a reading-room, and a library 
of 2,300 vols.. 9 churches, 40 wholesale and retail 



C, 54 E. Columbus, 339 W. The v. is situated i stores, 2 steam engine and machine shops, 3 



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woollen fac, 1 cotton fac, 1 steam paper m , 3 oil 
m. 2 breweries, 3 air foundries, 2 brass foundries, 
2 rope fac, 2 soap and candle fac, 1 starch and 
glue fac, 3 coach fac, 2 steam and 2 water saw 
m., 2 glass fac, 1 steam hat fac, and 5 printing 
offices. In the immediate vicinity are 5 flouring 
m. propelled by water power, with 30 run of 
stones, and 3 steam flouring m., witii 9 run of 
stones, manufacturing annually 10(),0t)0 barrels 
of (lour. The population of the v. is 4,766, and 
including several connected adjacent villages, 
about 7,000. A benevolent and wealthy indi- 
vidual bequeatlied a fund of $35,000, which is 
constantly increasing, to found a free school. 2 
bridges connect this place with Putnam and West 
Zanesville, on the opposite side of the Muskingum 
river. By means of a side-cut which enters the 
Muskingum at Dresden, it has a connection with 
the Ohio canal. A canal and locks at this place 
around the falls of the Muskingum, not only make 
the r. navigable, but create a great water power. 
Pop. of the t., exclusive of the v., 3.J.5. 

Zanesville, p-o., Buckingham co., Va., 83 n. 

. Richmond, 162 W. 

Zanesville, p-v., Montgomery co., 111., 33 s. 
Springfield, 784 W. 

Zebulo.m, pv., capital of Pike co., Ga., 77 w. 
Milledgeville, 696 W. It contains a court house, 
jail, an academy, 1 Baptist and 1 Methodist 
church, 6 stores, and about 40 dwellings. 

Zebulqn, p-v., Pike co., Ark., 136 s. w. Little 



Rock, 1,201 W. Situated on a branch of Washita 
r., and contains about 75 inhabitants. 

Zeisersville, p-o., Luzerne co., Pa., 105 n. e. 
Harrisburg, 211 W. 

Zelie.noi'le, pv., Conequenessing t., Butler 
CO., Pa., 224 w. by n. Harrisburg, 252 W. Situ- 
ated on the s. side of Conequenessing cr., and con- 
tains 2 stores, several mills, and about 250 inhab- 
itants. 

Zen AS, p-v., Jennings co., la., 62 s. Indianapo- 
lis, 565 W. 

ZioN, p-v., Iredell co., N. C, 155 w. Raleigh, 
366 W. 

ZoAR, p-o., Eden t., Erie co., N. Y., 296 w. Al- 
bany, 353 W. 

ZoAR, p-v., Lawrence t., Tuscarawas co., O., 
120 N. E. Cohimbus, 319 W. Situated on the E. 
side of Tuscarawas river. Settled by a German 
colony called Separatists, from their secession 
from the Lutheran and other churches. It is 
under the government of a patriarch, and chooses 
its own ofiicers. The v. contains 1 store, 1 grist 
m., 2 saw m., 1 oil m., 1 woollen fac, 1 linen fac, 
60 dwellings, and about 300 inhabitants. On the 
canal they have several warehouses, and 2 blast 
furnaces. They have an extensive pleasure-gar- 
den, with a hothouse, well stored with rare plants 
and exotic fruits. The v. is peculiarly neat and 
thrifty, and is visited as a curiosity. 

ZoAR Bridge, p-v.. New Haven co., Ct., 51 s 
s. E. Hartford 293 W. 



APPENDIX, 

CONTAINING 

SEVERAL OMISSIONS, NEW COUNTIES, POST-OFFICES, &c. 



A. 

Addison, t., Shelby co., la. Pop. 1,284. 
Albany, t., Bedford co.. Pa. Pop. 803. 
Alexander, t.. Licking co., O. Pop. 200. 
Allen, t., Union co., O. Pop. 713. 
Anderson, t., Warrick co., la. Pop. 348. 
Andover, (north surplus,) Oxford co., Me. 
Pop. 45. 
Arkansas, t., Arkan.sas co., Ark. Pop. 640. 
Armstrong, t., Vanderburg co., la. Pop. 869. 
Auburn, t., Richland co., O. Pop. 1,016. 
AuvASE, t., Callaway co., Mo. Pop. 1,164. 

B. 

Barlow, t., Washington co., O. Pop. 1,011. 

Bavou Mason, t., Chicot co., Ark. Pop. 455. 

Benedicta, t., Aroostook co.. Me. Pop. 222. 

Berlin, t., Delaware co., O. Pop. 827. 

Bethlehem, t., Northampton co.. Pa. Pop. 
2,989. 

Black Lick, t., Indiana co.. Pa. Pop. 2,088. 

Blair, t., Huntingdon co., Pa. Pop. 1,370. 

Blooming Grove, t., Richland co., O. Pop. 
1,495. 

Blue Creek, t., Adams co., la. Pop. 197. 

BoGGS, t.. Centre co.. Pa. Pop. 1,714. 

Boone, t., Van Biiren co.. Mo. Pop. 445. 

Boston, t., Wayne co., la. Pop. 656. 

Bowerbank, t., Piscataquis co., Me. Pop. 165. 

Bridgewater, t., Susquehanna co., Pa. Pop. 
2,082. 

Brookfield, b., Jefferson co., Pa. Pop. 276. 

Brookfield, t., Stark co., O. Pop. 315. 

Brown, t., Montgomery co., la. Pop. 1,452. 

Buffalo, t., Union co.. Pa. Pop. 1,348. 

Bull Skin, t., Fayette co.. Pa. Pop. 1,275. 

Butler, t., Kno.x co., O. Pop. 647. 

Buston, t., Luzerne co.. Pa. Pop. 733. 

Byrd, t.. Brown co., O. Pop. 2,421. 

C. 

Cave Hill, t., Washington co., Ark. Pop. 923. 

Centre, t., Butler co., Pa. Pop. 1,834. 

Centre, t.. Rush co., O. Pop. 1,385. 

CiiAMBERSBURG, V., West t., Columbiana co., 
O. Pop. 82. 

Cherry, t., Lycoming co., Pa. Pop. 875. 

Chest, t., Clearfield co.. Pa. Pop. 138. 

Clifford, t., Susquehanna co.. Pa. Pop. 
1,068. 

Clinton Gore, Kennebec co., Me. Pop. 110. 

CoLEviLLE, t., Asluabula co., O. Pop. 530. 

Columbia, t., Fayette co., la. Pop. 932. 

Conemaugh, t., Somerset co., Pa. Pop. 882. 

Connewago, t., Adams co., Pa. Pop. 8S9. 

Covington, t., Clearfield co.. Pa. Pop. 438. 

D. 

Decatur, t., Clearfield co.. Pa. Pop. 385. 
Damascus, v., Columbiana co., O. Pop. 99. 
Danbury, t., Wasliington co., Vt. Pop. 820. 
Darby, t , Union co., O. Pop. 736. 



Davies, county, Ky. Situated in the w. part 
of the state, and contains 600 sq. rns. It has the 
Ohio r. on the n., and Green r. on the s. Drained 
by small streams falling into them. Capital, 
Owenboro'. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
8,939, sheep 7,929, swine 11,614; wheat 33,808 
bush, produced, rye 2,538, Ind. corn 361,805, oats 
52,325, potatoes 10,617, tobacco 8,598,900 pounds ; 
4 distilleries. Cap. in manufac. $2,900. 7 sch. 
166 scholars. Pop. 8,331. 

De Kalb, county, 111. Situated in the n. part 
of the state, and contains 648 sq. ms. Drained 
by Kishwaukee cr. and a small branch of Fox r. 
Capital, Sycamore. There were in 1840, neat 
cattle 2,283, sheep 632, swine 7,800 ; wheat 
38,095 bush, produced, Ind. corn 49,531, oats 
36,305, potatoes 21,975, sugar 9,014 pounds; 4 
stores, cap. .$7,000 ; 1 distillery, 7 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $25,250. 11 sch. 216 scholars. 
Pop. 1,697. 

Delavan, t., Walw'orth co.. Wis. Pop. 154. 

Delaware, t., Juniata co.. Pa. Pop. 946. 

Derry, t., Westmoreland co.. Pa. Pop. 3,732. 

Du Page, county. 111. Situated in the n. e. 
part of the state, and contains 396 sq. ms. Drain- 
ed by Des Planes r. and Du Page cr. Capital, 
Napierville. There were in 1840, neat cattle 
5,617, sheep 831, swine 8,213; wheat 53,641 
bush, produced, Ind. corn 65,261, barley 1,912, 
oats 136,413, potatoes 85,370, sugar 14,555 lbs. ; 
3 stores, cap. $13,000 ; 2 grist m., 7 saw m. Cap. 
in manufac. $18,500. 18 sch. 337 scholars. Pop. 
3,535. 

E. 

East Brunswick, t., Schuylkill co., Po. Pop. 
1,230. 

East Lyme, t.. New London co., Ct. Pop 
1,439. 

East Pike Run, t., Washington co., Pa. Pop 
1,240. 

East Providence, t., Bedford co.. Pa. Pop 
1,019. 

Ecore a Fabre, t.. Union co.. Ark. Pop. 232. 

Eufaula, p-v., Barbour co., Ala., 201 n. e. 
Tuscaloosa, 809 W. Situated on the w. side of 
Chattahoochee r., and contains about 200 inhab- 
itants. This place was formerly called Irwinton. 

F. 

Fayette, t., Juniata co., Pa. Pop. 1,291. 

Fell, t., Huntingdon co.. Pa. Pop. 911. 

Ferguson, t., Clearfield co.. Pa. Pop. 168. 

Fermaugh, t., Juniata co., Pa. Pop. 831. 

Flat Rock, t., Bartholomew co., la. Pop. 922. 

Fourche la Fave, t.. Pope co.. Ark. Pop. 167. 

Fourche la Fave, t., Conway co.. Ark. Pop. 
343. 

Franklin, county, Va. Situated in the s. part 
of the state, and contains 771 sq. ms. Drained 
by Roanoke r. and its branches. Capital, Rocky 
Mount. There were in 1840, neat cattle 11,590, 
sheep 11,967, swine 31,986; wheat 97,043 bush, 
produced, rye 7,166, Indian corn 130,251, oats 



IND 



749 ^ LIT 



184, 101, potatoes 17,745, tobacco 2,508, 1 15 pounds, 
cotton 2,749; 19 stores, cap. $118,900; 24 tan- 
neries, 21 distilleries, 4 flouring m., 33 grist m., 
36 saw m., 2 oil m. Cap. in manufac. $73,526, 
16 sell. 367 scholars. Pop. 15,832. 

Franklin, t., Lycoming co., Fa. Pop. 529. 

Franklin, t.. Portage co., O. Pop. 1,497. 

Franklin, t.. Summit co., O. Pop. 1,436. 

Franklin, t., Warren co., O. Pop. 2,457. 

Franklinton, Franklin co., O. Pop. 404. 

Fulton, t., Sevier co.. Ark. Pop. 3,052. 

G. 

German, t., Mercer co., O. Pop. 1,499. 

German, t., Montgomery co., O. Pop. 2,728. 

GiitsoN, t., Clearfield co.. Pa. Pop. 170. 

GiDsoN, t., Darke co., O. Pop. 276. 

Girard, t., Clearfield co.. Pa. Pop. 349. 

Glass Lake, t., Jackson co., Mich. Pop. 1,127. 

Golden, t., Erie co., N. Y. Pop. 1,088. 

Goshen Gore, t., Caledonia co., Vt. Pop. 144. 

Granville, t., Mercer co., O. Pop. 339. 

Granville, t., Muskingum co., O. Pop. 156. 

Gratiot, t., Muskingum co., O. Pop. 108. 

Grayson, t., Owen co., la. Pop. 475. 

Greenbrier, t.. Independence co., Ark. Pop. 
550. 

Greene, t., Franklin co.. Pa. Pop. 2,518. 

Greene, t.. Pike co.. Pa. Pop. 178. 

Greene, t., Hamilton co., O. Pop. 2,939. 

Greene, t., Monroe co., O. Pop. 937. 

Greene, t., Richland co., O. Pop. 1,998. 

Greene, t., Ross co., O. Pop. 1,889. 

Greene, t., Scioto co., O. Pop. 974. 

Greene, t., Summit co., O. Pop. 1,536. 

Greene, t., Trumbull co., O. Pop. 646. 

Greene, t, Wayne CO., O. Pop. 1,751. 

Greene, t., Randolph co., la. Pop. 596. 

Greenfield, b., VVasliington co., Pa. Pop. 
264. 

Greenfield, t.. Orange co., la. Pop. 635. 

Greenfield, t., Poinsett co.. Ark. Pop. 283. 

Greensborough, t., Henry co., la. Pop. 945. 

Greensburg, t., Greene co., Ky. Pop. 585. 

Greenville, t,, Erie co.. Pa. Pop. 862. 

Griggs, t., Van Buren co.. Ark. Pop. 579. 

Gum Log, t., Pope co., Ark. Pop. 205. 

H. 

Hanover, b., York co., Pa. Pop. 1,070. 
Hanover, t., Jefferson co., la. Pop. 840. 
Hamilton, t., Franklin co., O. Pop. 1,119. 
Hamilton, t., Jackson co., O. Pop. 1,711. 
Hardin, t., Conway co., Ark. Pop. 423. 
Harios, t.. Centre co., Pa. Pop. 2,002. 
Harmony, t., Perry co., la. Pop. 1,764. 
Harmony, t.. Van Buren co.. Mo. Pop. 569. 
Harrison, t., Ross co., O. Pop. 631. 
Harrison, t., Fayette co., la. Pop. 1,690. 
Harrison, t., Owen co., la. Pop. 401. 
Harrison, t., Cole co.. Mo. Pop. 547. 
Hat Creek, t., Taney co., Mo. Pop. 181. 
Haw Creek, t., Bartholomew co., la. Pop. 
1,263. 
Henry, t., Wood cc, O. Pop. 213. 
Henry, t., Henry co.,Ia. Pop. 1,318. 
Highland, t., Muskingum co., O. Pop. 844. 
HiLBouRNE, t., Madison co.. Ark. Pop. 367. 
Horace, t. Tioga co., Pa. Pop. 82. 
HowLAND, t., Trumbull co. O. Pop. 1,035. 
Hurricane, t., Lincoln co.. Mo. Pop. 1,795. 

I. 

Independence, t., Washington co., O. Pop. 335. 



Illinois, t., Pope co.. Ark. Pop. 173. 
Illinov, t., Pope CO., Ark. Pop. 208. 

J. 

Jackson, t., Monroe co., O. Pop. 805. 
Jackson, t., Preble co., O. Pop. 1,260. 
Jackson, t., Sandusky co., O. Pop. 929. 
Jackson, t., Wayne co., O. Pop. 1,645. 
Jackson, t., Hamilton co., la. Pop. 1,209. 
Jacksojjburg, v., Butler co., O. Pop. 136. 
Jailes, t.. Van Buren co , Ark. Pop. 338. 
James, t., Steuben co., la. Pop. 314. 
Jefferson, t., Cambria co.. Pa. Pop. 141. 
Jefferson, t., Allen co., la. Pop. 108. 
Jefferson, t.. Grant co., la. Pop. 636. 
Jefferson, t., Hamilton co., la. Pop. 167. 
Jefferson, t., Switzerland co., la. Pop. 2,068. 
Jefferson, t., Wayne co., la. Pop. 1,289. 
Jefferson, t., Buchanan co.. Mo. Pop. 448. 
Jefferson, t., Sevier co., Ark. Pop. 280. 
Jena, t., Livingston co., Mich. Pop. 141. 
Jenks, t., Jefferson co.. Pa. Pop. 20. 
Jennings, t., Fayette co., la. Pop. 786. 
Jero.me, t.. Union co., O. Pop. 865. 
Johnson, t.. Brown co., la. Pop. 342. 
Johnson, t., Gibson co., la. Pop. 1,205. 
Johnson, (extended,) Cambria co., Pa. Pop. 
328. 
Jordon, t., Clearfield co., Pa. Pop. 329. 

K. 

King's River, t., Madison co.. Ark. Pop. 345. 
L. 

La Payette, t., Van Buren co., Mich. Pop. 
327. 

La Fayette, t., Floyd co., la. Pop. 928. 

La Fayette, t., Owen co., la. Pop. 511. 

La Fayette, t.. Union co.. Ark. Pop. 337. 

La Grange, t.. La Fayette co.. Ark. Pop. 
362. 

Lake, t., Allen co., la. Pop. 254. 

Lake, t., Milwaukee co.. Wis. Pop. 418. 

Lanquille, t., Poinsett co.. Ark. Pop. 494. 

Larner, t., Preble co., O. Pop. 1,618. 

Laurel, t., Hocking co., O. Pop. 836. 

Lawrence, t., Clearfield co., Pa. I\)p. 1,032. 

Lebano.n, t.. Lawrence co.. Ark. Pop. 412. 

Lees Creek, t., ("rawford co.. Ark. Pop. 555. 

Leesburg, t., Ifnion co., O. Pop. 726. 

Lehman, t.. Pike co., Pa. Pop. 560. 

Le Rov, t., Ingham co., iMich. Pop. 110. 

Lesear, t.. New Madrid co., 31o. Pop. 963 

Letter A., t., Aroostook co., 3Ie. Pop. 177 

Letter A., O.xford co , Me. Pop. 54. 

Lewistown, v., Columbiana co., O. Pop. 79 

Lewisville, I., Coshocton co., O. Pop. 64. 

Liberty, t.. Pope co.. Ark. Pop. 3(X). 

Liberty, t., Putnam co., O. Pop. 125. 

Liberty,!., Ross co., O. Pop. 1,256. 

Liberty, t., Trumbull co., O. Pop. 1,225. 

Liberty, t.. Union co., O. Pop. 927. 

Liberty, t., Washington co., O. Pop. 515. 

Liberty, t.. Wood co., O. Pop. 215. 

Liberty, t., Pope co.. Ark. Pop. 300. 

Licking, t., Blackford co., la. Pop. 542. 

Lick Mountain, t., Conway co.. Ark. Pop. 
174. 

Limington, t., York co.. Me. Pop. 2,210. 

Lisbon, t., Milwaukee co.. Wis. Pop. 116. 

Little Black, t., Randolph co.. Ark. Pop. 
176. 

Little Red River, t., Von Buren co., Ark. 
Pop. 317. 



NOR 



750 



PIT 



Little North Fork, t., Marion co., Ark. 
Pop. 190. 
Logan, t.. Fountain co., la. Pop. 949. 
London, t., Seneca co., O. Pop. 763. 
Long Island, Hancock co.. Me. Pop. 114. 
Lorain, t., Tippecanoe co., la. Pop. 1,482. 
LoRDSTOWN, t., Trumbull co., O. Pop. 1,167. 
Louisiana, t., Cliicot co.. Ark. Pop. 951. 
Ludlow, t., Washington co., O. Pop. 539. 
Lynn, t., Posey co., fa. Pop. 845. 

M. 

McVeytown, b., Mifflin co.. Pa. Pop. 348. 

Madison, t., Montgomery co., O. Pop. 1,594. 

Madison, t., Muskingum co., O. Pop. 1,070. 

Madison, t., Richland co., O. Pop. 1,878. 

Madison, t., Sandusky co., O. Pop. 316. 

Madison, t., Scioto co., O. Pop. 830. 

Madison, t., Lenawee co., Mich. Pop. 1,067. 

Madison, t., Jefferson co., la. Pop. 2,757. 

Marion, t., Mercer co., O. Pop. 1,010. 

Marion, t., Shelby co., O. Pop. 965. 

Marion, t., Livingston co., Mich. Pop. 345. 

Marion, t., Union co.. Ark. Pop. 278. 

Maumee, t., Allen co., la. Pop. 272. 

Meigs, t., Muskingum co., O. Pop. 1,333. 

Meigsville, t., Morgan co., O. Pop. 1,159. 

MiATT, t., Lawrence co., O. Pop. 366. 

MiDDLEBURG, t., Shiawossee co., Mich. Pop. 
32. 

Milan, t., Allen co., Ta. Pop. 249. 

Mill Grove, t., Steuben co., la. Pop. 206. 

MiLLSFORD, t., Williams co., O. Pop. 175. 

Milton, t., .Jefferson co., la. Pop. 1,280. 

Monroe, t.. Grant co., la. Pop. 273. 

Montgomery, t., Richland county, O. Pop. 
2,445. 

Montgomery, t., Owen co., la. Pop. 1,429. 

Montgomery, t., Monroe county. Ark. Pop. 
292. 

Morgan, t., Harrison co., O. Pop. 1,157. 

Morgan, t., Owen co., la. Pop. 580. 

3I0RRIS, t., Clearfield co.. Pa. Pop. 214. 

Mount Sterling, t., Madison co., O. Pop. 
152. 

Mount Sterling t., Muskingum co., O. Pop. 
177. 

N. 

Newark, t.. Licking co., O. Pop. 1,433. 

Narrows, t., Macon co.. Mo. Pop. 211. 

New Georgetown, v., Columbiana co., O. 
Pop. 218. 

New Hanover, t., Burlington co., N. J. Pop. 
3,045. 

New Lima, t., Columbiana co., O. Pop. 129. 

New Reading, t. and v.. Perry co., O. Pop 
of the V. 193, of the t. 2,799. 

Newton, t., Trumbull co., O. Pop. 1,456. 

Niangua, t., Benton co.. Mo. Pop. 372. 

Nine Mile Prairie, t., Callaway co.. Mo. 
Pop. 2,059. 

Nineveh, t., Bartholomew co., la. Pop. 854. 

Noble, t.. Rush co., la. Pop. 1,491. 

Noble, t., Wabash co., la. Pop. 454. 

Northampton, t.. Summit co., O. Pop. 963. 

North and South Akron, t., Summit co., 
O. Pop. 1,665. 

Northern Liberties, (incorporated and un- 
incorporated,) Philadelphia co.. Pa. Pop. 37,806. 
(See Philadelphia.) 

Northeast, t.. Orange co., la. Pop. 1,027. 

North Fork, t., Newton co.. Mo. Pop. 177. 

North Fork, t., Taney co.. Mo. Pop. 357. 

North Shenango, t., Crawford co., Pa. Pop. 
1,210. 



Northwest, t.. Orange co., la. Pop. 901. 
North Woodbury, t., Bedford co.. Pa. Pop. 
1,994. 
North, t., Harrison co., O. Pop. 1,086. 

O. 

Ohio, t., Monroe co., O. Pop. 908. 
Old River, t., Arkansas co.. Ark. Pop. 281. 
Old River, t., (Jhicot co.. Ark. Pop. 454. 
Olympus, t., Muskingum co., O. Pop. 96. 
Orange, t., Columbia co., Pa. Pop. 833. 
Orange, t., Carroll co., O. Pop. 1,528. 
Orange, t., Delaware co., O. Pop. 789. 
Orange, t., Richland co., O. Pop. 1,840. 
Orange, t.. Rush co., la. Pop. 1,499. 
Oregon, t., Lucas co., O. Pop. 264. 
Osage, t.. Miller co.. Mo. Pop. 297. 
Osage, t., Morgan co.. Mo. Pop. 654. 
Osage, t. Van Buren co., Mo. Pop. 307. 
Osiito.mo, t., Kalamazoo county, Mich. Pop. 
310. 
Ottowa, t., Oceana co., Wich. Pop. 190. 
Ottovva, t., Putnam CO., O. Pop. 690. 
Otter Creek, t., Ripley co., la. Pop. 941. 
Otter Creek, t., Wayne co.. Mo. Pop. 425. 
Owen, t., Saline co.. Ark. Pop. 481. 

P. 

Palmyra, t.. Pike co.. Pa. Pop. 300. 

Parker, t., Butler co., O. Pop. 1,364. 

Peebles, t., Alleghany co.. Pa. Pop. 1,820. 

Pemisco, t.. New Madrid co.. Mo. Pop. 278. 

Pendleton, t., St. Francis co.. Mo. Pop. 
387 

Penn, t., Clearfield co.. Pa. Pop. 336. 

Pen.n, t.. Union co.. Pa. Pop. 2,280. 

Perry, t., Logan co., O. Pop. 1,014. 

Perry, t., Muskingum co., O. Pop. 1,061. 

Perry, t.. Noble co., la. Pop. 464. 

Perry, t.. Stark co., O. Pop. 2,209. 

Perry, t., St. Francis co.. Mo. Pop. 977. 
- Peru, t.. Pike co., Mo. Pop. 1,178. 

Pettis, t., Macon co.. Mo. Pop. 384. 

Philadelphia, county. Pa. Situated in tho 
s. E. part of the state, and contains 120 square 
miles. The surface is gently undulating ; soil, 
productive. Delaware r. runs on its e. border. 
Drained by Schuylkill river, and Poquessing, 
Pennypack, Frankford, Darby, and other creeks. 
These streams, especiall y the Schuylkill, afford 
good water power. Capital, Philadelphia. There 
were in 1840, neat cattle 11,988, sheep 2,781, 
swine 13,132; wheat 66,987 bushels produced, 
rye 23,500, Ind. corn 165,834, buckwheat 14,340, 
barley 2,178, oats 140,053, potatoes 249,817, silk 
cocoons 2,294 pounds ; 186 commercial and 63 
commission houses, cap. $2,119,501 ; 2,078 stores, 
capital $17,385,993; 60 lumber yards, capital 
$1,232,000 ; 16 fulling m., 29 woollen fac, 45 
cotton fac. 40,862 sp., 32 dyeing and printing 
establishments, 10 tanneries, 20 rope fac, 11 dis- 
tilleries, 19 breweries, 1 glass fac, 7 potteries, 12 
sugar refineries, 17 flouring m., 13 grist m., 13 
sawm., 1 oil m., 10 paper fac, 47 printing offices, 
8 daily, 17 weekly, 7 semi-weekly newspapers, 
and 26 periodicals. Capital in manufactures, 
$11,587,668. 5 colleges, 737 students, 130 acad. 
8,897 students, 248 sch. 16,212 scholars. Pop. 
258,037. 

Pike, t., Clearfield co.. Pa. Pop. 676. 

Pike, t.. Potter co.. Pa. Pop. 139, 

Pike, t.. Union co., la. Pop. 1,587. 

Pine Grove, t., Warren co.. Pa. Pop. 1,385. 

Pink, t., Wayne co.. Pa. Pop. 1,610. 

Pittstown, t., Luzerne co., Pa. Pop. 1,110. 



SAL 



751 



VAN 



Plain, t., Wood co., O. Pop. 273. 
Pl.\tte, t., Buchanan co., Mo. Pop. 462. 
Pleasant, t., Marion co., 3Io. Pop. 1,414. 
Pleasant, t., Steuben co., la. Pop. 356. 
Plymouth Grant, t., Aroostook co., Me. 
Pop. 200. 
Point, t.. Perry co., la. Pop. 578. 
Porter, t., Huntingdon co.. Pa. Pop. 879. 
Poultney, t., Steuben co., N. Y. Pop. 1,784. 
Prairie, t., Henry co., la. Pop. 1,724. 
Preble, t., Adams co., la. Pop. 164. 
Prescott, t., Washington co., Me. Pop. 793. 
Pushuta, t., Allen co., O. Pop. 768. 
Pymatuning, t., Mercer co., Pa. Pop. 1,793. 

R. 

Racoon, t., Beaver co.. Pa. Pop. 871. 

Randolph, t., Montgomery co., O. Pop. 1,774. 

Randolph, t., Tippecanoe co., la. Pop. 991. 

JiAYsviLLE, Henry co., la. Pop. 246. 

Recovery, t., Mercer co., O. Pop. 298. 

Ren.sselaer, t., Wayne co., 3Iich. Pop. 464. 

Republican, t., Jefferson co., la. Pop. 1,548. 

Rice, t., Sandusky co., O. Pop. 385. 

Richfield, t., Lucas co., O. Pop. 204. 

Rich Hill, t., Greene co., Pa. Pop. 1,384. 

Rich Hill, t., Muskingum co., O. Pop. 1,424. 

Richland, t., Marion co., O. Pop. 1,147. 

Richland, t., Putnam co., O. Pop. 388. 

Richland, t., Fountain co., la. Pop. 2,048. 

Richland, t., Steuben co., la. Pop. 141. 

Richland, t., Morgan co.. Mo. Pop. 1,021. 

Richland, t., Scott co.. Mo. Pop. 523. 

Richmond, t., Ashtabula co., O. Pop. 384. 

Richmond, t., Howard co.. Mo. Pop. 2,642. 

Rich Wood.s, t.. Miller co.. Mo. Pop. 370. 

Rich Woods, t., Washington co., Mo. Pop. 
857. 

Ridgeville, t., Lorain co., O. Pop. 818. 

Riley, t., Oxford co., Me. Pop 51. 

Riley, t., Sandusky co., O. Pop. 426. 

Riley, t., Putnam co., O. Pop. 658. 

Ripley, t., Montgomery co., la. Pop. 950. 

Ripley, t.. Rush co., la. Pop. 1,922. 

RiSDON, t., Hancock co., O. Pop. 27. 

Rivers, t., Jackson co., Mich. Pop. 400. 

Roanoke, t., Randolph co., Ark. Pop. 308. 

RoARK, t.. Gasconade co., 31o. Pop. 727. 

Robinson, t., Washington co.. Pa. Pop. 860. 

Rochester, t., Lorain co., O Pop. 487. 

Rock, t., Jefferson co.. Mo. Pop. 755. 

Rock Creek, t., Bartholomew co., la. Pop. 
685. 

RocKFORD, t., Caldwell co.. Mo. Pop. 746. 

Rocky Fork, t., IJooue co.. Mo. Pop. 1,697. 

Ross, t., Kalamazoo co., Mich. Pop. 386. 

RossviLLE, t., Muskingum co., O. Pop. 160. 

Round Grove, t., Mariim co.. Mo. Pop. 911. 

Round Prairie, t., Callaway co., Mo. Pop. 
1,019 

RoxBURY, t., Washington co., O. Pop. 1,086. 

Rundle, t., Cape Girardeau co., 3Io. Pop. 
580. 

Rush, t.. Centre co.. Pa. Pop. 317. ^ 

Rush Creek, t, Logan co., O. Pop. 1,0//. 

Rush, t., Schuylkill co.. Pa. Pop. 370. 

S. 

Sabine, t., Saline co., Ark. Pop. 907. 
Salem, t., fiercer co., O. Pop. 579. 
Salem, t., Warren co., O. Pop. 2,958. 
Saline, t.. Cooper co., iMo. Pop. 1,227. 
Saline, t.. Miller co., Mo. Pop. 489. 
Saline, t., St. Genevieve co., Mo. Pop. 510. 
Saling, t., Audrain co., Mo. Pop. 209. 



Salt Pond, t., Saline co.. Mo. Pop. 585. 

Salt River, t.. Pike co., Mo. Pop. 316. 

Salt River, t., Ralls co.. Mo. Pop. 942. 

Sand Creek, t., Bartholomew co., la. Pop. 
1,003. 

Sandstone, t., Jackson co., Mich. Pop. 654. 

St. Ferdinand, t., St. Louis co., Mo. Pop. 
3,079. 

St. Franci.s, t., St. Francis co., Mo. Pop. 983. 

St. Francis, t., Wayne co., Mo. Pop. 662. 

St. James, t., Scott co.. Mo. Pop. 298. 

St. Johns, t., Franklin co.. Mo. Pop. 1,908. 

St. Johns, t.. New Madrid co.. Mo. Pop. 580. 

St. Joseph, t., Allen co., la. Pop. 227, 

St. JjOuis, t., St. Louis co.. Mo. Pop. 8,116. 

St. Michael, t., Madison co.. Mo. Pop. 1,518. 

Scott, t.. Brown co., O. Pop. 1,101. 

Scrubgrass, t., Venango co.. Pa. Pop. 1,076. 

Sharon, t., Richland co., O. Pop. 1,675. 

Shawnee, t., Allen co., O. Pop. 439. 

Sheffield, t., Tippecanoe co., la. Pop. 1,524. 

Shelby, t., Polk co.. Mo. Pop. 451. 

Shippen, t., Tioga co., Pa. Pop. 192. 

Smith, t., Barry co.. Mo. Pop. 1,799. 

South Fort, t., Monroe co.. Mo. Pop. 731. 

South River, t., Marion co.. Mo. Pop. 744. 

South Strabane, t., Washington co.. Pa. 
Pop. 1,075. 

South Woodbury, t., Bedford co.. Pa. Pop. 
1,950. 

Spencer, t., Pike co.. Mo. Pop. 837. 

Spencer, t., Ralls co.. Mo. Pop. 1,087. 

Springfield, t., Allen co., la. Pop. 110, 

Springfield, t., Jefferson co., O. Pop. 1,077. 

Springfield, t., Lucas co., O. Pop. 443. 

Springfield, t., Ross co., O. Pop. 1,063. 

Springfield, t.. Rives co.. Mo. Pop. 453. 

Spring Prairie, t., Walworth co., Wis. Pop. 
531. 

Spring Yard, t., Barry co.. Mo. Pop. 1,032. 

Sugar Creek, t., Shelby co., h 1 op. 1,043. 

Sugar Creek, t., Barry co., iVIo. Pop. 810. 

Sugar Creek, t., Newton co.. Mo. Pop. 280. 

Sugar Creek, t., Benton co.. Ark. Pop. 460. 

Sugar Loaf, t., Crawford co.. Ark. Pop. 213. 

Sugar Loak, t.. Van Buren co.. Ark. Pop. 77. 

Sugar Tree Botto.m, t., Carroll co., 3Io. 
Pop. 321. 

Sully, t., Marion co., O. Pop. 870. 

Surrounded Hill, t., 3Ionroe co., Ark. 
Pop. 105. 

Sweet Home, t., Clark co., Mo. Pop. 249. 

T. 

Turrut, t., Juniata co.. Pa. Pop. 1,319. 
U. 



Union, 
Union, 
Union 

1,241. 
Union, 
Unio.v, 
Union, 
I.'nion, 
Union, 
Union, 
Unio.v. 
Upper 

Pop. 545. 



t., Tioga CO., Pa. Pop. 288. 

t., Washington co., O. Pop. 888. 

and Perry, Vanderburgh co., la. Pop. 

t.. Cape Girardeau co.. Mo. Pop. 769. 
t., Lincoln co., 3Io. Pop. 1,188. 
t., INIarion co.. Mo. Pop. 1,002. 
t., Monroe co., 3Io. Pop. 737. 
t., St. (ienevieve co., Mo. Pop. 266. 
t.. Saline co.. Mo. Pop. 152. 
t., Wasiiington co.. Mo. Pop. 1,317. 
Loutre, I., Montgomery co.. Mo. 



V. 



Vallee, t., Jefferson co., 3Io. Pop. 584. 
Van Bure.n. t., Grant co., la. Pop. 174. 



WAY 



752 



ZAN 



Van BuREN, t., Polk CO., Mo. Pop. 511. 
Velmont, t., Arkansas co., Ark. Pop. 283. 
Vernon, t., Richland co., O. Pop. 1,084. 
Vernon, t., Shiawassee co., Mich. Pop. 373. 
Vineyard, t., Barry co., Mo. Pop. 567. 

W. 

Walker, t., Juniata co.. Pa. Pop. 1,423. 
Walker, t. Rush co., la. Pop. 1,032. 
Waltham, t., Hancock co.. Me. Pop. 321. 
Washington, t., Lycoming co., Pa. Pop. 1,829. 
Washington, t.. Union co.. Pa. Pop. 1,135. 
Washington, t., Logan co., O. Pop. 517. 
Washington, t., Warren co., O. Pop. 1,306. 
Washington, t., Independence co.. Ark. Pop. 
348. 
Waterville, t., Grafton co., N. H. Pop. 63. 
Wawatosa, t., Milwaukie co.. Wis. Pop. 342. 
Wayne, t., Armstrong co.. Pa. Pop. 1,875. 
Wayne, t., Scioto co., O. Pop. 1,844. 
Wayne, t., Wayne co., O. Pop. 1,843. 



Wayne, t., Tippecanoe co., la. Pop. 1^1. 

West Pike Run, t., Washington co., Pa. Pop. 
947. 

West Providence, t., Bedford co., Pa. Pop. 
1,643. 

White, t., Benton co., Mo. Pop. 228. 

White, t., Sevier co.. Ark. Pop. 166. 

Whitefield, t., Indiana co.. Pa. Pop. 1,664. 

White Oak, t., Franklin co.. Ark. Pop. 795. 

Willsborough, t., Tioga co.. Pa. Pop. 369. 

Wolf, t., Lycoming co., Pa. Pop. 786. 

Y. 

Yellow Creek, t., Linn co., Mo. Pop. 388. 
York, t., Lucas co., O. Pop. 435. 
Young, t., Indiana co.. Pa. Pop. 1,116. 
Young, t, Jefferson co., Pa. Pop. 1,321. 

Z. 

Zane, t., Logan co., O. Pop. 1,02L 



JOST FUBLISHED 

BY SHERMAN & SMITH, 

A NEW AND ELEGANT MAP OF THE UNITED STATES 

OF AMERICA, .. " 

ENGRAVED ON STEEL; 
Projected on a scale of 24: miles to the inch — size about six feet ly seven; 

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the position of Cities, Towns, and Villages, Lakes, Mountains, «&c. The Meridian 
and Township lines of the United States' Surveys. The various internal improve- 
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By J. Calvin Smith, Geographer. 

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